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A68143	The anatomie of vrines Containing the conuiction and condemnation of them. Or, the second part of our discourse of vrines. Detecting and vnfolding the manifold falshoods and abuses committed by the vulgar sort of practitioners, in the iudgement of diseases by the vrines onely: together with a narrow suruey of their substance, chiefe colours, and manifold contents, ioyning withall the right vse of vrines. ... Collected, as well out of the ancient Greeke, Latine, and Arabian authors, as out of our late famous physitians of seuerall nations: their authorities quoted and translated out of the originall tongues, together with some of the authors owne obseruations. By Iames Hart of Northampton. Neuer heretofore published.	Hart, James, of Northampton.; Foreest, Pieter van, 1522-1597. Arraignment of urines.	1625 (1625)	STC 12887A; ESTC S103826	118,124	144

THE ANATOMIE OF VRINES CONTAINING THE CONVICtion and condemnation of them Or the second Part of our discourse of vrines Detecting and vnfolding the manifold falshoods and abuses committed by the vulgar sort of Practitioners in the iudgement of diseases by the vrines onely together with a narrow suruey of their substance chiefe colours and manifold contents ioyning withall the right vse of vrines Wherein is contained plentie of profitable and delectable Histories concerning this subiect Collected as well out of the ancient Greeke Latine and Arabian Authors as out of our late famous Physitians of seuerall Nations their authorities quoted and translated out of the originall tongues together with some of the Authors owne obseruations By IAMES HART of NORTHAMPTON Neuer heretofore published LONDON Printed by Richard Field for Robert Mylbourne and are to be sold at his shop at the South doore of Pauls 1625. of vrines to wit such as do decline from any one extreame what concerneth the same may easily by that which hath bene said of the same extreame be vnderstood Now if any shall enquire what is the cause I spend so much time about this subiect I answer it is by reason of the old inueterate opinion or rather errour which most people haue conceiued concerning this strumpet whom for this cause I haue here vnmasked and layed open to the view of euery one that will not shut his eyes in the cleare Sunne-shine and that to the end that none may be circumuented by the fraud and cozenage of such as abuse her for their owne benefit But lest any should imagine these things to be but fancies fetcht from mine owne braine therefore not contented to set down mine owne positiue opinion I haue both backt fortified and flanked it with the bulwarks of the best writers of ancient and later times whose owne words I haue truly translated directing thee likewise learned Reader to the marginall quotations where for thy recreation and better satisfaction not the names of the authors onely and the particular places but the very words of the originall are often set downe that so it may more euidently appeare that this latter iurie finds her guiltie as the former great enquest after the inditement found Billa vera The condemnation must then of necessitie follow since the parties offending hauing had these three last assizes allowed them to pleade for themselues haue said nothing This sentence I referre to this sage assembly who as I hope will take this publicke businesse as a matter of no small moment into their serious considerations But me thinkes I heare some say what is then the vse of vrines in discerning of diseases or serueth it for no vse at all I answer that so farre am I from abrogating this so ancient and necessarie a signe receiued by all our ancient and late writers which I do highly esteeme and account of the same being rightly vsed howbeit as it is commonly vsed it is most shamefully abused The right vse of vrine then is together with all the rest of the signes and seuerall circumstances of the disease in such diseases I meane where it is of any force or validitie in some diseases being of no vse at all to giue vs notice of the nature together with the changes and alterations as likewise what is like to be the issue of the same The Physitian is therefore first to enquire diligently into the nature of the disease together with all the other signes and circumstances thereof and then comparing all together to giue forth his best and most assured iudgeme●t Most foolish therefore and absurd is the sottish custome of the countrey people now a dayes bringing the vrine to the Physitian it may be in some old oylie or inkie bottle and then to demand of him as of some Delphian oracle the whole nature of the disease the patients age and diuerse other things wherewith they ought to acquaint vs as also with all the other signes and circumstances of the disease euen as the client is to lay open his cause to the Lawyer how learned soeuer and skilfull in his profession It is yet not vnworthie the obseruation that one and the same vrine hath often diuers and seuerall significations and therefore vnlesse by diuerse other signes and circumstances limited can neuer affoord vs any certaintie as hereafter both in the colours and contents the ensuing discourse shall make manifest And thus may the right vse to the wise and vnderstanding easily appeare especially to such as haue bene or yet shall hereafter be admitted vnto such mysteries And therefore ignorant Empiricks women and many other such haue no share or interest in these affaires as not being able to diue into the depth of the premisses And as for cleargie men they cannot be ignorant that they ought to be employed about businesses of an higher nature And if they will haue a care of the soules entrusted to them they need not trouble themselues with their bodies Now that one signe in some diseases onely to be obserued to be of any vse should with a Papall prerogatiue assume all authoritie vnto it selfe is both against common sense daily experience and the authorities of the learned The pulse will pleade for a preheminence aboue the vrine and to iudge of this as of a number of other signes it will of necessitie require the Physitians presence Now that the vrines in many diseases and those of vndoubted danger do often shew thee no more then the ground thou goest on and that many other signes besides are of necessitie to be obserued hath bene at great length related in the former tractate and shall yet more plainly and particularly in this which followeth appeare And for thy more particular information I haue set downe the seuerall significations of vrines and that according to the opinions of such Authors as haue written of them together with some particulars which haue neuer yet bene published by any English writer that I haue as yet seene as by the contents of the bookes and chapters may appeare Some things also which haue bene by others written and auouched for vncontrolled truths I haue confuted as false and erronious and that as I thinkt by vnanswerable arguments illustrating the same with varietie of ancient and recent authorities together with plentie of pertinent examples being true historicall relations obserued both by my selfe and other Authors the which howsoeuer they do not simply proue yet do they not a little illustrate the matter in hand and make it more perspicuous to the meaner sort Now whereas I sometimes insert something of the ignorance and vnsufficiencie of some offenders some may perhaps reply that it may sometimes befall a good Physitian to faile as well as any of them I confesse Indeed Bernardus non videt omnia He is a good horse that neuer stumbled Neuer to faile is a priuiledge denyed to any of the ofspring of sinfull Adam howbeit the learned Physitian building vpon

priuiledges and immunities to the aforesaid Vniuersities schooles the whole Professors and Students in the same And thus physicke with the rest reuiued againe and being healed of her former wounds was drawne out of the darke dungeon and prison wherin she had so long lien in thraldome and captiuitie and by meanes of this noble Emperour restored to her former dignitie and libertie againe Now to adde more grace and dignitie to this noble profession he renewed againe that worthy law of Augustus inhibiting and discharging any person whatsoeuer either to practise or professe this or any other art or science vnlesse he were first licensed from the Emperours court But well foreseeing the inconueniences which might from hence arise if all such businesses should depend vpon his court for this cause he granted this priuiledge and authoritie to the aforesaid Vniuersities throughout the whole Empire This so wholesome constitution of Lotharius all the succeeding Emperours to this day haue continued And thus came first in these titles of Doctor Master c. not by the appointment of any priuate man but by the lawes of Emperours and Kings of Christendome Now besides the premisses I would easily euince both the eminencie and excellencie of this profession from the vtilitie and necessitie as being of necessarie vse for euery age estate and degree as also the worthy subiect thereof to wit the body of man so farre foorth as diseases are expelled and health preserued it being also the shrine of the soule the costly coffer wherein it is contained do conciliate no small authoritie vnto the same Neither yet is the skill in this profession so easily attained vnto as many ignorant people do perswade thēselues But that there are many things required in him who is to be called natures darling and great Secretarie of state at all times to helpe and assist her when oftentimes she cannot helpe her selfe vnto which this confused multitude neuer hath attained and therefore vnworthy to be admitted vnto such mysteries hath euer bene receiued for an vncontrolled truth The causes of the disease must be exactly knowne before the cure and many other things besides And thus it is recorded of Aristotle that at a certaine time falling sicke his Physitian there by him prating apace answered very wittily after this manner Neither cure me like a cowheard nor yet like a plowman but first of all let me know the cause then shalt thou find me obsequious to thy prescriptions The euer praise worthy Hippocrates howbeit in few yet in effectuall words setteth downe such things as are requisite in a true Physitian Whosoeuer will exactly and diligently purchase to himselfe a firme knowledge in this profession must of necessitie be furnished with these which follow Nature that is a potentiall aptnesse wit and vnderstanding with a certaine pronenesse and inclination to this profession precepts of art a fit and conuenient place for studie instruction in the same from younger yeares diligent and painefull studie together with a competent and conuenient time This likewise did the ancients paint foorth vnto vs in the armes or enseignes of Aesculapius to whom were attributed all the badges and enseignes which do of right belong to a true Physitian and do all argue assiduitie and painfull industrie The first was an Owle to giue him warning of the watchfull paines and care the learned Physitian ought to take in finding out the seuerall signes and circumstances of the disease to the end he may be the more able to foretell the seuerall issues and euents of the same A crooked staffe in his hand which intimateth vnto vs that he ought with great care and diligence bestirre himselfe to attaine to the right and perfect knowledge not onely of the structure of mans bodie and euerie part of the same as well inward as outward but also the seuerall qualities and vertues of all manner of remedies appropriated for the vse of mankinde whether they be aboue the earth enclosed in the intrals thereof or yet contained in the vast dominions of the endlesse ocean as also with carefull circumspection to obserue and marke the strength of his patients and their seuerall natures and constitutions applying to each and euery one of them in due and conuenient time such proper and peculiar remedies as may best befit them and that alwayes hauing a watchfull eye vpon the seuerall indications in such cases required In his right hand he held a Dragons head coming from the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a sharpe and cleare sight and next vnto the same was a watchfull dog both of them declaring vnto vs that the Physitian ought with a certaine promptnesse of dexteritie of vnderstanding foresee the issue and euent of diseases and then with as great ease and facilitie as is possible and without sparing any paines ease the patients griefe preseruing likewise and maintaining as much as in him lyeth his present healthfull state of bodie and preuenting to the vttermost of his power the imminent danger of dolefull diseases In his left hand a pine apple thereby letting vs to vnderstand that the outward shell of this profession is very hard the inward fruite and marrow notwithstanding being most pleasant delectable and profitable At his right side was the winged picture of health with a pullet in her hand that to the end the Physitian might know that he ought to aime at the health and happie estate of his patient principally and not to become the slaue of base and filthie lucre and gaine in like manner manifesting vnto vs that by the paines and industrious skill of the learned Physitian health is oftentimes maintained as by his carelesse negligence ignorance insufficiencie it is easily ouerthrowne A pullet to shew foorth the Physitians care in prescribing fit and conuenient diet according to his patients nature and constitution as also the qualitie and motion of the disease For in acute diseases and such as are of a sudden and speedie motion as the remedies must be speedie so must the diet be sparing answering both to the strength of the patient and nature of the disease not being in the meane time vnmindfull of his former custome countrey or place wherein he liues with many more circumstances in such cases required In diseases againe of a long and lingring nature we must not be so close fisted but allow them more liberall allowance yet keeping alwayes in mind the former caueats and cautions In the end he must be armed against all occasions and sudden occurrents not forgetting to gratifie the sicke so farre foorth as may stand with conueniencie And lastly this Aesculapian pourtraict was pictured with a beard signifying hereby that such as medled with such abstruse mysteries hauing first bene trained vp in the grounds and principles of this profession ought to be of a reasonable mature iudgement and vnderstanding to the end they may proue so much the

commonly attributed to these casuall euents answered onely in generall at that instant that many things seeme often otherwise then they are indeed and false fame maketh some men famous whose names deserue rather to be buried in obliuion and after some further discourse concerning that subiect all which notwithstanding would not satisfie her more then nice curiositie he taketh his leaue for the present A few dayes after causing carefully to watch and obserue the actions of this Aesculapius he was obserued to go to a certaine place within two little leagues of Paris called Bois de Vincennes that is Vincence wood and there to dig vp certaine rootes The Physitian therewith acquainted resorteth thither with speed and finds that it was nothing else but a certaine kind of Spurge whereof there grew in that place and about no small store whereof this Clowne had at seuerall times digged vp great store easily discerned by the holes there round about that place some being but new digged After a narrow search he found that most of those whom this new Aesculapius was said to haue cured either died after a certaine time of a bloudie Fluxe this violent medicine hauing procured an excoriation in their guts being especially exhibited without any preparation of the ill qualitie or obseruation of the due dose or quantitie or else that they liued a languishing life worse then a speedie dispatch by a sudden death from whose mercilesse clawes notwithstanding this former Purgatorie was not able to free some of them The Physitian repairing againe to the Duchesse acquainteth her Grace with these seuerall circumstances as also that it seemed most of those people were able strong and cacochymicall bodies who would preferre the counsell of this Clowne before that of the learned and iudicious Physitian The issue notwithstanding did make it appeare that if any did recouer it came not to passe through his skill or sufficiencie which as seemeth was none at all but by the strength of nature able to expell both the Plague and the poyson of the medicine The learned and iudicious Physitians againe met for the most part with thin and tender bodies brought vp in ease and idlenesse and for this cause aptest to receiue the poysoned impressions of the pestilentiall aire and therefore the disease prouing greater then the meanes were able to ouercome the patients were often forced to faint vnder the burthen Neither were such dangerous or r●ther desperate meanes as this Empiricke vsed in their opinions to be administred to any much lesse to persons of qualitie and weake constitution The Noble woman hauing heard the Physitians apologie was afterwards better pleased with her Physitian and after that time conceiued a better opinion both of the Art and the professors of the same I was likewise informed during my abode at Leua in Germanie of many rare cures seemed to be performed by that medicine which they call the Philosophers stone Aurum potabile and many other such hyperbolicall medicines exhibited by the Paracelsists of those parts And yet most of them to whom they were exhibited before the full period of a twelue moneth went to visite their friends in another world and little better successe for the most part had their maister Paracelsus himselfe Some few yeares before my coming to this towne of Northampton a certaine Empiricke and Irish by nation was accounted one of the most famous vrine-mongers in all the countrey about but especially in telling whether women were with child or no. And yet his skill in Physicke was confined to one forme of purge composed of a certaine portion of the Electuarie Diaphoenicō mingled with so much powder of Diagridium as he could take vp betweene his finger his thomb which were his ordinary weights and scales as I 〈◊〉 since by our Apothecarie informed by which his butcher like boldnesse he cast many into most dangerous laskes accompanyed sometimes with diuerse other euill accidents as I haue heard since from some of themselues and this chiefly was then to be seene when this medicine was exhibited to thinne and weake bodies Now howbeit I could instance in a number of other examples all tending to the same purpose yet fearing too much to offend the Readers patience referring them to some opportunitie I thinke it is now high time to turne my sailes towards the shore and to cast anchor for the present And the assembling of so many sage Senators according to the ancient and laudable custome of this kingdome to apply fit salues to the festered sores of the same putteth me in good hope of some redresse as well of the abuses here complained of as of diuers other disorders I am not indeed ignorant that affaires of high consequence are to be handled in this honorable assemblie And yet I hope the life of man is not a matter of smallest moment Agitur de corto humano Skinne for skinne and all that a man hath will he giue for his life Let this Gangrene therefore in time be looked to lest it grow to a greater euill Since therefore errors of this kind are so full of danger as hath bene both in the precedent now in this present discourse plainly prooued both by a great and smaller enquest of such persons with whose worth the delinquents I am sure dare not compare I wish it may not be forgotten Sed verbum sat sapienti A word yea a nod is enough to a wise man And therefore I leaue it to your Honourable considerations CONSIDER THE MATTER CONSVLT AND GIVE SENTENCE FINIS Faults escaped Pag. 5. line 2. for would reade could p. 13. l. 29. r. stincking vrine p. 16. marg note l. 8. r. victu p. 21. l. 12. r. deliration p. 23. l. 17. r. pot-dropsie l. 29. r. retaining and marg note l. 2. r. Fo rs p. 33. l. 13. r. of a high p. 33. marg note l. 20. r. à vitiosa p. 39. r. an absurditie p. 55. l. 29. r. foure pounds p. 70. l. 36. r. winie colour p. 77. l. 5. diseases alone * The honorable Court of Parliament The right vse of vrines Foolish custom of the countrey people The pulse in many diseases to be preferred before the vrine Quand●que b●nus dormitat H●merus Horat. Casuall cures sometimes succeeding do not proue a sufficiencie in the par●ies thus practi●ing a An vsual ordina●ie custome to browbeat ouerthrow errors and imposture and to pleade for truth b This Panacaea was a certaine medicine made of saffron quick siluer vermilion antimonie and certaine sea shels made vp in fashion of triangular lozenges stamped and sealed with certaine strange characters and sold at a very deare rate the very name importing asmuch as a medicine against all diseases and was in as great or greater esteeme among the Germanes as euer Aurum potabile once here amongst our selues Liban contra Ambald defens syntagm a●can chym contra Henuingum Scheunem c D. Gwin D. Ra●igh against aurum potabile D.

which maketh an vrine of this colour desireth the companie of a man Doth not our maister vrine-monger now diue into the depth of the matter But good man I know what I can assure thee that Tom and Dicke in the countrey can tell as well that Maud the dairy maide would be married by the reflected rayes and benigne aspects of her superiour orbs vpon their hemisphaers and the suffering some syllibub and some other commodities committed to her custodie now and then to come into their possession by this meanes hindering her mistresse to further her selfe in her suite as the most cunning pisse-prophet in all the countrie shall do by the vrine if he had as many eyes as euer had that watchfull Argus or his nose weighed downe with spectacles The sanguine and best complexioned which by consequence should produce the best vrines are not alwayes the most amorous Many as ill coloured drabs as euer any hath seene haue not sometimes bene behind the best complexioned Gentlewoman in the land in such a case And it is held by many that such are for the most part solaces But now let vs proceed to some instances of these outward glorious appearances of vrines of the best note which neuerthelesse falsified the trust reposed in them And first I will instance in one taken out of a learned Germane author and then I will adde one of mine own experience The iudgement of diseases by the sole inspection of the vrine is hard to attaine vnto and of great difficultie for sometimes it commeth to passe that the vrine as well in colour as in all other points doth shew it selfe of a very laudable conditiō to the view of any indicious eye when notwithstanding death standeth at the doore the reason of this being that all diseases are not easily discerned nor yet the dangers of them perceiued by the vrine alone but such especially as haue their being in the bladder veines kidneyes and Liuer As it came to passe anno 1581. in a yong man about 24. yeares of age newly married This yong mans vrine being as well in colour as contents most like vnto an healthfull vrine he being neither depriued of his accustomed appetite either to meate or drinke neither troubled with excessiue headeach thirst watching anxiety and tossing of his body too and fro nor yet distempered with any noysome heate which might by feeling be discerned The pulse notwithstanding being weake frequent and swift with great inequalitie and feeblenesse gaue vs some coniectures of I know not what kinde of feauer the which now and then was not without some exacerbations Hence was I of opinion that the vitall facultie did then by little and little decay the vse and necessitie whereof in euery action of this life is not without great cause thought to be of such weight and moment that not onely doth it suffice as matter for the rest but doth also stirre vp and perfect the same in cherishing them after a most kinde and effectuall manner in so much as no part of the body can enioy the benefit of nourishment without the influence of this vitall facultie This yong man therefore being now wholly depriued of the said spirits it was no maruell if nature now decaying and win● by the counsell of a certaine Physitian being denied him now for certaine dayes he did vpon the eight day make an exchange of this cottage of clay for a farre better and happier inheritance But to omit many other stories by my selfe and others obserued which would yet most pregnantly prooue and confirme the same yet especially in the yeare 1617. did this most manifestly and plainly appeare In the foresaid yeare being generally moist for the most part the Winter not Winter like furnished with such frosts and tempestuous stormes as are not vnseasonable for that time of the yeare it came to passe that besides the small poxe measels and diuers other diseases there reigned not onely in Northamptonshire but in many other places of the kingdome a certaine kind of maligne if not pestilentiall feauer the which by reason it sweept away the lustiest people of either sexe we may and that not without good reason call it Stoup gallant In this disease as cometh often also to passe in others of the like nature the vrines of some such as liued not long after did appeare to the eye both for colour and contents of as laudable a condition as the vrine of the soundest and healthfullest man in this kingdome But among many I will mention but one whereof I my selfe was an eye-witnesse These foresaid feauers in the towne of Northampton and places adioyning in the Spring of the yeare were very frequent fierce and furious towards Sommer they began somewhat to relent reassuming their former fiercenesse towards the Haruest quarter In the aboue named yeare and quarter about the latter end of September a married woman of good account and reputation liuing within this towne of Northampton was surprised with the foresaid feauer of the which because at the first it assaulted her after the manner of an intermittent Tertian ague she made but small reck●ning but after the space of three or foure dayes fearing that which afterwards came to passe being also hereunto perswaded by some of her friends she vsed the aduise of another Physitian and my selfe In a few dayes were by vs administred all such meames as either in reason or our daily experience we thought fittest to expell the cause of her disease and restore her to her former health againe But contra vim mortis non est medicamen in hortis Wherefore at length discharging that debt which all the sonnes of Adam owe she was freed from the miseries of this mortall life and entred into the possession of a better Two or three dayes before her death her vrine might both for colour and contents haue giuen such satisfaction and content to the most eagle-eyed Physitian that none by the sight of the same could euer haue suspected any imminent danger In like manner if any one had felt her pulse without due consideration of the former dangerous accidents which could not be concealed from a iudicious eye obseruing withall sensibly approach the dissolution of this crasie cottage he would no doubt with old Agag haue concluded Surely the bitternesse of death is past CHAP. IIII. Of red vrines and how easily one may thereby be deceiued and of pissing bloud PAssing by many other colours of vrine which Authors do here mention attributing to each of them a seuerall signification of all which it were too much this short Treatise should take vpon it to discourse considering also that the vncertaintie of the same may be partly collected from that which hath bene said alreadie and partly by some things yet to be handled hereafter now I will cleare this point concerning red vrines This colour of vrine howbeit it hath many degrees some being of an higher and some againe of a lower coloured