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signify_v
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after_o the_o monk_n have_v
a_o ancient_a family_n but_o now_o of_o execrable_a memory_n for_o a_o most_o cruel_a and_o horrible_a plot_n never_o parallel_v in_o any_o age_n which_o robert_n catesby_n of_o ashby_n st._n leger_n the_o dishonour_n of_o his_o family_n run_v headlong_o upon_o villainy_n gape_v after_o the_o most_o detestable_a cruelty_n and_o impious_o conspire_v the_o destruction_n of_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n late_o contrive_v under_o a_o specious_a pretext_n of_o religion_n of_o this_o let_v all_o age_n be_v silent_a and_o let_v not_o the_o mention_n of_o it_o convey_v this_o scandal_n to_o posterity_n which_o we_o ourselves_o can_v reflect_v on_o without_o horror_n nay_o the_o dumb_a and_o inanimate_a being_n seem_v to_o be_v move_v at_o the_o heinousness_n of_o such_o a_o villainous_a conspiracy_n hard_o by_o be_v fawesley_n faweâ—â—â—_n faweâ—â—â—_n where_o the_o knightleys_n have_v long_o dwell_v adorn_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n descend_v from_o the_o more_o ancient_a 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have_v begin_v a_o very_a fine_a house_n near_o which_o be_v
which_o be_v but_o shallow_a however_o they_o have_v communication_n with_o one_o another_o by_o two_o causey_n make_v over_o it_o which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o respective_a sluice_n the_o south_n part_n or_o that_o hithermost_a be_v by_o much_o the_o great_a divide_v into_o several_a street_n and_o have_v in_o it_o a_o school_n and_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a people_n a_o pretty_a large_a hospital_n dedicate_v to_o st._n john_n the_o further_a be_v the_o less_o yet_o beautify_v with_o a_o very_o sightly_o church_n which_o with_o the_o fine_a wall_n that_o castle_n like_v surround_v it_o those_o fair_a neat_a house_n for_o the_o prebendary_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n all_o about_o it_o make_v a_o incomparable_a show_n with_o those_o three_o lofty_a pyramid_n of_o stone_n in_o it_o this_o be_v a_o bishop_n see_v many_o age_n since_o for_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 606._o oswy_a king_n of_o northumberland_n have_v conquer_v the_o pagan_a mercian_n 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of_o down_n antiquitat_fw-la brit._n eccl._n p._n 369._o fol._n this_o lake_n at_o lichfield_n be_v at_o first_o pen_v up_o into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n within_o its_o bank_n and_o then_o it_o grow_v wide_a afterward_o but_o unite_n itself_o at_o last_o into_o a_o channel_n it_o present_o fall_v into_o the_o trent_n which_o continue_v its_o course_n eastward_o till_o it_o meet_v the_o river_n tame_n from_o the_o south_n in_o conjunction_n with_o which_o it_o run_v through_o place_n abound_v with_o alabaster_n alabaster_n alabaster_n to_o the_o northward_o that_o it_o may_v soon_o receive_v the_o river_n dove_n and_o almost_o insulate_a burton_n trent_n burton_n upâ—â—_n trent_n former_o a_o remarkable_a town_n for_o the_o alabaster-work_n for_o a_o castle_n of_o the_o ferrars_n time_n ferrars_n build_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n for_o a_o ancient_a monastery_n found_v by_o ulfric_n spot_n earl_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o for_o the_o retirement_n of_o modwena_n mowâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d mowâ—â—â—_n a_o irish_a woman_n of_o the_o abbey_n the_o book_n of_o abingdon_n speak_v thus_o a_o certain_a servant_n of_o king_n aethelred_n call_v ulfric_n spot_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o burton_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o his_o paternal_a estate_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 700_o l._n and_o that_o this_o gift_n may_v stand_v good_a he_o give_v king_n aethelred_n 300_o manc_n of_o gold_n for_o his_o confirmation_n to_o it_o and_o to_o every_o bishop_n five_o manc_n beside_o the_o town_n of_o dumbleton_n over_o and_o above_o to_o alfrick_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o we_o may_v see_v from_o hence_o that_o gold_n be_v predominant_a in_o those_o age_n and_o that_o it_o sway_v and_o bias_v even_o in_o spiritual_a matter_n in_o this_o monastery_n modwena_n eminent_a for_o her_o sanctity_n in_o these_o part_n lie_v bury_v and_o on_o the_o tomb_n these_o verse_n be_v inscribe_v for_o her_o epitaph_n ortum_fw-la modwennae_fw-la that_fw-mi hibernia_n scotia_n finem_fw-la anglia_fw-it that_fw-mi tumulum_fw-la that_fw-mi deus_fw-la astra_fw-la poli_fw-fr prima_fw-la dedit_fw-la vitam_fw-la sed_fw-la mortem_fw-la terra_fw-la secunda_fw-la et_fw-la terram_fw-la terrae_fw-la tertia_fw-la terra_fw-la dedit_fw-la aufert_fw-la lanfortin_n quam_fw-la conel_n quam_fw-la â—_o conel_n terra_fw-la conallea_n profert_fw-la foelix_fw-la burtonium_fw-la virgin_n ossa_fw-la tenet_fw-la by_o ireland_n life_n by_o scotland_n death_n be_v give_v a_o tomb_n by_o england_n endless_a joy_n by_o heaven_n one_o boast_v her_o birth_n one_o mourn_v she_o hopeless_a fate_n and_o one_o do_v earth_n to_o earth_n again_o commit_v lanfortin_n ravish_v what_o tirconnel_n give_v and_o pious_a burton_n keep_v her_o sacred_a grave_n near_a burton_n between_o the_o river_n dove_n trent_n and_o blithe_n which_o water_n and_o give_v name_n to_o blithfield_n blithfield_n blithfield_n the_o delicate_a house_n of_o a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o bagot_n be_v p_o stand_v needwood_n â—edwoodâ—â—â—_n â—edwoodâ—â—â—_n a_o large_a forest_n with_o many_o park_n in_o it_o wherein_o the_o gentry_n hereabout_o frequent_o exercise_v themselves_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o application_n in_o the_o pleasant_a toil_n of_o hunt_v so_o much_o for_o the_o inner_a part_n the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n gentle_o shoot_v into_o small_a hill_n which_o begin_v here_o and_o as_o the_o apennine_n do_v in_o italy_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o england_n in_o one_o continue_a ridge_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o from_o one_o top_n to_o another_o as_o far_o as_o scotland_n but_o under_o several_a name_n for_o here_o they_o be_v call_v mooreland_n mooreland_n mooreland_n after_o that_o peake_n then_o again_o blackstonedge_n anon_o craven_a next_o stanmore_n and_o last_o of_o all_o when_o they_o branch_n out_o apart_o into_o horn_n cheviot_n this_o mooreland_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o rise_v into_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o be_v 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die_v a_o exile_n in_o france_n but_o his_o wife_n be_v take_v suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o misery_n for_o she_o be_v starve_v in_o prison_n and_o thus_o do_v severe_a penance_n for_o her_o scurrilous_a language_n his_o son_n giles_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n have_v without_o regard_n to_o his_o nephew_n who_o be_v the_o true_a heir_n recover_v his_o father_n estate_n by_o permission_n of_o king_n john_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o brother_n reginald_n who_o son_n william_n be_v hang_v by_o lhewelin_n prince_n of_o wales_n who_o have_v catch_v he_o in_o adultery_n with_o his_o wife_n but_o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o that_o william_n the_o mortimer_n cantelow_n and_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n enjoy_v plentiful_a fortune_n this_o country_n of_o brecknock_n fall_v to_o the_o bohun_v and_o at_o length_n from_o they_o to_o the_o staffords_z and_o upon_o the_o attainder_n of_o edward_n stafford_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n considerable_a revenue_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o this_o 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station_n and_o to_o assist_v the_o imagination_n by_o represent_v the_o town_n and_o road_n in_o chart_n and_o tables_n italy_n be_v the_o first_o place_n where_o this_o light_n break_v out_o and_o there_o the_o difficulty_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a the_o remain_v of_o the_o old_a name_n be_v direction_n enough_o in_o a_o great_a many_o case_n and_o where_o that_o guide_v fail_v they_o they_o be_v help_v out_o by_o their_o history_n which_o indeed_o be_v so_o many_o and_o withal_o so_o very_o particular_a in_o every_o the_o least_o circumstance_n that_o they_o even_o point_v out_o the_o place_n and_o excuse_v one_o from_o any_o tedious_a search_n and_o application_n in_o settle_v the_o geography_n france_n spain_n and_o germany_n have_v not_o this_o advantage_n in_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n but_o yet_o as_o they_o have_v their_o share_n of_o the_o roman_a arm_n so_o have_v they_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a historian_n these_o be_v 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not_o frame_v a_o new_a name_n to_o every_o place_n they_o conquer_v but_o general_o content_v themselves_o with_o what_o they_o find_v only_o fill_v off_o a_o little_a of_o the_o roughness_n and_o clothe_v it_o in_o a_o fashionable_a garb_n that_o the_o name_n and_o place_n mention_v in_o britain_n by_o latin_a author_n as_o easy_a as_o they_o sound_v as_o spruce_a and_o courtlike_a as_o they_o appear_v be_v yet_o all_o barbarous_a at_o the_o bottom_n and_o of_o a_o pure_a british_a extraction_n it_o be_v a_o language_n he_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o and_o so_o in_o settle_v the_o ancient_a place_n whenever_o he_o come_v to_o muster_v up_o his_o probability_n for_o indeed_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o better_a evidence_n he_o be_v always_o jealous_a that_o something_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o name_n which_o if_o he_o know_v it_o may_v either_o destroy_v the_o notion_n he_o have_v advance_v or_o confirm_v he_o in_o his_o present_a opinion_n this_o bring_v a_o new_a task_n upon_o he_o and_o a_o very_a heavy_a one_o too_o the_o conquer_a a_o tongue_n which_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o relation_n to_o any_o one_o he_o be_v master_n of_o before_o however_o there_o be_v this_o comfort_n it_o be_v a_o live_a language_n and_o he_o want_v not_o friend_n who_o be_v critic_n in_o it_o his_o entrance_n upon_o the_o saxon-affair_n quick_o convince_v he_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o language_n be_v necessary_a to_o his_o design_n as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o than_o that_o of_o the_o british_a these_o latter_a conqueror_n be_v not_o so_o modest_a as_o the_o former_a the_o glory_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v what_o the_o roman_n aim_v at_o and_o if_o the_o britain_n can_v but_o have_v patience_n to_o submit_v they_o may_v enjoy_v what_o they_o have_v and_o live_v as_o quiet_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o saxon_n whatever_o they_o may_v pretend_v come_v over_o upon_o another_o errand_n their_o 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themselves_o against_o any_o mixture_n of_o foreigner_n it_o be_v only_o transplant_v and_o the_o change_n of_o soil_n do_v it_o little_a or_o no_o harm_n so_o that_o to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v preserve_v entire_a but_o only_o for_o a_o word_n here_o and_o there_o of_o latin_a original_a which_o by_o their_o long_a intercourse_n with_o the_o roman_n have_v drop_v in_o among_o it_o have_v the_o saxon_n take_v the_o same_o course_n upon_o the_o norman_a invasion_n and_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o outmatched_a only_o resolve_v upon_o some_o corner_n for_o a_o retreat_n and_o stand_v it_o out_o to_o the_o last_o there_o be_v too_o may_v have_v be_v a_o live_a language_n to_o this_o day_n and_o learn_v as_o we_o do_v french_a spanish_a or_o italian_a with_o a_o little_a study_n and_o conversation_n but_o their_o submission_n to_o the_o norman_a be_v the_o loss_n of_o both_o their_o liberty_n and_o language_n a_o mixture_n of_o pride_n and_o policy_n make_v the_o noise_n of_o a_o foreign_a dialect_n very_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o ear_n of_o most_o conqueror_n who_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o reproach_n to_o see_v the_o language_n reign_n when_o they_o have_v subdue_v the_o people_n william_n after_o he_o have_v wrought_v himself_o into_o a_o sort_n of_o settlement_n and_o think_v he_o may_v be_v practise_v upon_o the_o english_a without_o any_o great_a danger_n be_v not_o want_v in_o this_o piece_n of_o conduct_n ingulpâ—_n p._n 71_o 85._o he_o order_v that_o all_o the_o public_a plead_n shall_v be_v in_o french_a that_o their_o charter_n and_o write_n shall_v run_v in_o the_o same_o language_n that_o child_n shall_v not_o be_v instruct_v in_o their_o mother-tongue_n but_o in_o the_o norman_a only_o and_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v prepare_v the_o nation_n to_o receive_v all_o this_o without_o any_o great_a resentment_n
equal_a boldness_n and_o bravery_n either_o in_o engagement_n or_o expose_v themselves_o to_o danger_n as_o we_o find_v by_o strabo_n tacitus_n dion_n herodian_a and_o other_o in_o their_o manner_n say_v strabo_n the_o britain_n be_v something_o like_o the_o gaul_n and_o immediate_o he_o add_v as_o to_o their_o fight_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fierce_a and_o cruel_a like_o some_o of_o the_o gaul_n with_o he_o tacitus_n agree_v the_o britain_n that_o part_n of_o they_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o yet_o conquer_v still_o remain_v say_v he_o just_o such_o as_o the_o gaul_n be_v former_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o britain_n be_v next_o to_o the_o gaul_n and_o much_o like_o they_o mela_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o britain_n when_o they_o fight_v be_v arm_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o gaul_n the_o britain_n say_v strabo_n in_o their_o war_n use_v a_o great_a number_n of_o chariot_n as_o do_v some_o of_o the_o gaul_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o both_o 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day_n than_o in_o this_o island_n among_o we_o and_o our_o modern_a britain_n that_o both_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o gaul_n wear_v a_o ring_n upon_o their_o middle_a finger_n we_o learn_v from_o pliny_n the_o same_o strabo_n observe_v that_o the_o gaul_n take_v a_o pride_n in_o have_v long_a hair_n caesar_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o britain_n wear_a their_o hair_n at_o full_a length_n it_o appear_v by_o many_o author_n that_o the_o gaul_n use_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o garment_n which_o in_o their_o language_n they_o call_v brachae_n bâ—achae_fw-la bâ—achae_fw-la that_o these_o be_v also_o common_a to_o our_o britain_n be_v prove_v by_o this_o verse_n of_o martial_a quam_fw-la veteres_fw-la brachae_fw-la britonis_n pauperis_fw-la then_o the_o coarse_a brachae_n the_o poor_a britain_n wear_v i_o pass_v over_o what_o silius_n italicus_n write_v of_o the_o gaul_n quinetiam_fw-la ingenio_fw-la fluxi_fw-la sed_fw-la prima_fw-la feroces_fw-la vaniloquum_fw-la celtae_n genus_fw-la ac_fw-la mutabile_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o talk_v celtae_n changeable_a and_o vain_a all_o fire_n at_o first_o but_o soon_o grow_v cold_a again_o because_o these_o quality_n be_v common_a to_o most_o nation_n i_o may_v here_o give_v many_o more_o particular_a instance_n of_o the_o greet_v agreement_n there_o be_v between_o these_o two_o nation_n but_o i_o forbear_v lest_o what_o i_o say_v shall_v give_v occasion_n of_o scandal_n to_o some_o ill-natured_a man_n beside_o i_o always_o like_v that_o rule_n moderation_n be_v good_a in_o every_o thing_n and_o perhaps_o also_o this_o argument_n from_o community_n of_o manner_n will_v not_o appear_v very_o cogent_a to_o some_o sort_n of_o man_n but_o now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o country_n the_o a_o late_a author_n who_o fetch_v the_o original_a of_o the_o britain_n from_o the_o phaenician_o though_o he_o can_v deny_v the_o affinity_n of_o the_o gaulish_a and_o british_n prove_v in_o so_o many_o instance_n by_o mr._n camden_n yet_o he_o endeavour_v to_o 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language_n language_n a_o particular_a upon_o which_o lie_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o this_o controversy_n as_o be_v the_o sure_a evidence_n of_o the_o original_n of_o a_o nation_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n i_o suppose_v but_o will_v ready_o allow_v that_o those_o people_n which_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n must_v necessary_o be_v derive_v from_o one_o common_a original_n as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v all_o our_o history_n that_o ever_o be_v write_v have_v chance_v to_o be_v lose_v or_o suppose_v no_o author_n have_v ever_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o english_a be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n the_o natural_a scot_n from_o the_o irish_a the_o britain_n of_o bretagne_n in_o france_n from_o our_o britain_n of_o this_o island_n yet_o the_o great_a affinity_n of_o language_n will_v alone_o manifest_o prove_v it_o nay_o will_v be_v of_o much_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n if_o therefore_o i_o
once_o in_o one_o war_n to_o conclude_v claudius_n have_v disarm_v the_o britain_n leave_v plautius_n to_o govern_v they_o and_o to_o subdue_v the_o rest_n and_o return_v himself_o to_o rome_n have_v send_v pompeius_n and_o silanus_n his_o son_n in_o law_n before_o he_o with_o the_o news_n of_o his_o victory_n thus_o dio._n but_o suetonius_n say_v that_o he_o have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o island_n surrender_v to_o he_o without_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o the_o expense_n of_o blood_n his_o stay_n in_o britain_n be_v about_o sixteen_o day_n and_o in_o that_o time_n he_o remit_v to_o the_o british_a nobility_n the_o confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n for_o which_o favour_n they_o frequent_v his_o temple_n and_o adore_v he_o as_o a_o god_n and_o now_o after_o six_o month_n absence_n he_o return_v to_o rome_n it_o be_v esteem_v so_o great_a a_o action_n to_o conquer_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o britain_n that_o anniversary_n game_n triumphal_a arch_n both_o at_o rome_n and_o at_o bullogne_n in_o france_n and_o last_o a_o glorious_a triumph_n be_v decree_v by_o the_o senate_n in_o honour_n of_o claudius_n and_o to_o see_v it_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o some_o outlaw_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v present_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n be_v fix_v a_o naval_a crown_n to_o imply_v his_o conquest_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n the_o province_n contribute_v golden_a crown_n gallia_n comata_fw-la one_o of_o nine_o pound_n weight_n and_o the_o hither-spain_n one_o of_o seven_o his_o entry_n up_o into_o the_o capitol_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n support_v by_o his_o son_n in_o law_n on_o each_o side_n into_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o a_o great_a house_n triumphant_a rather_o than_o in_o a_o great_a ship_n the_o first_o seat_n be_v allow_v to_o his_o consort_n messalina_n and_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v by_o the_o senate_n that_o she_o shall_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o carpento_fw-la a_o carpento_fw-la chariot_n after_o this_o he_o make_v triumphal_a game_n take_v the_o consulship_n upon_o he_o for_o that_o end_n these_o play_n be_v show_v at_o once_o in_o two_o theater_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o his_o go_v out_o they_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o other_o horse-race_n be_v allow_v as_o many_o as_o can_v be_v run_v that_o day_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o all_o but_o ten_o match_n for_o between_o every_o course_n there_o be_v bear-baiting_n wrestle_n and_o pyrrhic_a dance_n by_o boy_n send_v from_o asia_n for_o that_o purpose_n he_o also_o confer_v triumphal_a honour_n upon_o valerius_n asiaticus_n julius_n silanus_n sidius_fw-la geta_n and_o other_o for_o this_o victory_n licinius_n crassus_n frugi_n be_v allow_v to_o ride_v next_o after_o he_o in_o trappings_o and_o in_o a_o palmatan_n a_o veste_fw-la palmatan_n robe_n of_o date-tree-work_n upon_o posidius_n spado_fw-la he_o bestow_v puram_fw-la bestow_v hastam_fw-la puram_fw-la a_o spear_n without_o a_o head_n to_o c._n gavius_n he_o give_v chain_n bracelet_n horse-trapping_n and_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o ancient_a marble_n at_o taurini_n at_o taurini_n turin_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n aulus_n plautius_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o such_o success_n that_o claudius_n decree_v he_o a_o ovation_n and_o go_v to_o receive_v he_o as_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o city_n give_v he_o the_o right-hand_a both_o as_o he_o ride_v to_o the_o capitol_n and_o return_v from_o it_o and_o now_o vespasian_n vespasian_n vespasian_n begin_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n who_o be_v make_v a_o officer_n in_o this_o war_n in_o britain_n by_o claudius_n partly_o under_o claudius_n himself_o and_o partly_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o plautius_n fight_v the_o enemy_n thirty_o time_n subdue_v two_o of_o their_o most_o potent_a nation_n take_v above_o twenty_o town_n and_o conquer_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n 4._o sueton._n in_o vespasian_n c._n 4._o upon_o this_o account_n he_o be_v honour_v with_o triumphal_a ornament_n and_o twice_o with_o the_o priesthood_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o beside_o with_o the_o consulship_n which_o he_o enjoy_v the_o two_o last_o month_n of_o the_o year_n here_o also_o titus_n serve_v as_o tribune_n under_o his_o father_n with_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o laborious_a stout_a soldier_n for_o he_o valiant_o set_v his_o father_n at_o liberty_n when_o besiege_v and_z no_o less_o famous_a for_o the_o character_n of_o a_o modest_a man_n â—_o suet._n titus_n c._n â—_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o number_n of_o his_o image_n and_o the_o title_n to_o they_o throughout_o germany_n and_o britain_n what_o be_v transact_v afterward_o in_o britain_n till_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o domitian_n reign_n tacitus_n who_o be_v best_a able_a shall_v inform_v you_o p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n in_o britain_n propraetor_n p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n find_v affair_n in_o disorder_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o inroad_n into_o the_o country_n of_o their_o ally_n and_o those_o the_o more_o outrageous_o because_o they_o do_v not_o expect_v that_o a_o general_n but_o new_o make_v and_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o army_n will_v take_v the_o field_n in_o the_o winter_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o ostorius_n be_v sensible_a that_o first_o event_n will_v either_o cast_v or_o raise_v his_o reputation_n with_o such_o cohort_n as_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n set_v out_o against_o they_o slay_v those_o who_o withstand_v he_o and_o pursue_v the_o rest_n who_o be_v disperse_v and_o rout_v that_o they_o may_v not_o unite_v again_o and_o rally_v and_o because_o a_o odious_a and_o slight_a peace_n will_v be_v neither_o easy_a to_o the_o general_n nor_o his_o army_n he_o prepare_v to_o disarm_v the_o suspicious_a and_o to_o post_v his_o force_n so_o upon_o the_o river_n antona_n and_o sabrina_n as_o to_o check_v they_o upon_o all_o occasion_n but_o first_o the_o iceni_n iceni_n iceni_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o a_o potent_a nation_n and_o not_o yet_o diminish_v by_o war_n have_v before_o seek_v alliance_n with_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o border_a nation_n rise_v likewise_o encamp_v in_o a_o proper_a place_n fence_v with_o a_o earthen_a rampire_n and_o accessible_a by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n only_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o roman_a general_n though_o without_o his_o legion_n draw_v up_o his_o auxiliary_a troop_n to_o attack_v the_o camp_n and_o have_v post_v his_o cohort_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n for_o the_o assault_n bring_v up_o the_o horse_n likewise_o for_o the_o same_o service_n thus_o upon_o the_o signal_n give_v they_o force_v the_o rampart_n and_o disorder_v the_o enemy_n pen_v up_o and_o hinder_v by_o their_o own_o entrenchment_n however_o they_o defend_v themselves_o with_o great_a valour_n be_v conscious_a of_o their_o own_o baseness_n in_o revolt_a and_o sensible_a that_o their_o escape_n be_v impossible_a m._n ostorius_n the_o lieutenant_n son_n have_v the_o honour_n of_o save_v a_o citizen_n in_o this_o battle_n by_o this_o defeat_n of_o the_o iceni_n other_o state_n that_o be_v then_o waver_v be_v compose_v and_o settle_v and_o so_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n among_o the_o cangi_n cangi_n cangi_n waste_v the_o field_n and_o ravage_v the_o country_n nor_o dare_v the_o enemy_n engage_v we_o or_o if_o by_o ambuscade_n they_o happen_v to_o fall_v upon_o our_o rear_n they_o suffer_v for_o their_o attempt_n and_o now_o he_o be_v advance_v brigantes_n advance_v quod_fw-la hyberniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la aspectat_fw-la brigantes_n as_o far_o almost_o as_o the_o irish_a sea_n when_o a_o sedition_n among_o the_o brigantes_n draw_v he_o back_o again_o resolve_v to_o make_v no_o new_a conquest_n till_o he_o have_v secure_v the_o old_a the_o brigantes_n be_v soon_o quiet_v the_o more_o factious_a of_o they_o be_v punish_v and_o the_o rest_n pardon_v but_o the_o silures_n be_v neither_o by_o severity_n nor_o mercy_n to_o be_v reclaim_v from_o their_o resolution_n to_o a_o continual_a war_n and_o therefore_o a_o legion_n be_v encamp_v there_o to_o awe_n and_o restrain_v they_o camalodunum_n the_o colony_n of_o camalodunum_n to_o further_o this_o camalodunum_n a_o roman_a colony_n with_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o veteran_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o new_a conquest_n as_o a_o ready_a aid_n to_o withstand_v revolt_n and_o a_o mean_n to_o induce_v their_o ally_n to_o observe_v law_n some_o city_n be_v after_o the_o old_a roman_a manner_n give_v to_o king_n cogidunus_n that_o king_n themselves_o may_v be_v their_o tool_n to_o enslave_v other_o from_o hence_o they_o march_v into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o silures_n who_o beside_o their_o own_o natural_a fierceness_n rely_v much_o upon_o the_o valour_n of_o caractacus_n caractacus_n caractacus_n eminent_a above_o all_o the_o commander_n in_o britain_n for_o his_o experience_n in_o affair_n either_o doubtful_a or_o prosperous_a he_o know_v the_o country_n as_o
winter_n what_o they_o lose_v in_o summer_n they_o be_v now_o worsted_n alike_o in_o both_o season_n in_o all_o these_o action_n agricola_n will_v never_o rob_v another_o of_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o he_o but_o let_v he_o be_v captain_n or_o whatever_o other_o officer_n he_o will_v faithful_o attest_v the_o bravery_n of_o the_o action_n some_o have_v count_v he_o too_o sharp_a and_o bitter_a in_o his_o reproof_n and_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o as_o he_o be_v affable_a and_o courteous_a to_o the_o good_a so_o be_v he_o morose_v to_o the_o bad_a but_o then_o anger_n never_o continue_v long_o than_o the_o reprehension_n last_v if_o he_o pass_v a_o thing_n by_o without_o notice_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n upon_o that_o account_n for_o he_o think_v it_o more_o excusable_a even_o to_o commit_v the_o offence_n than_o to_o hate_v a_o offender_n the_o four_o summer_n be_v spend_v in_o settle_v what_o he_o have_v already_o overrun_v and_o if_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n can_v have_v permit_v it_o they_o need_v not_o have_v seek_v any_o other_o boundary_a in_o britain_n glota_n and_o bodotria_n the_o two_o arm_n of_o opposite_a sea_n which_o shoot_v into_o the_o country_n be_v part_v by_o a_o narrow_a strip_v of_o land_n only_o which_o be_v then_o secure_v by_o our_o garrison_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v master_n of_o all_o on_o this_o side_n have_v pen_v up_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v within_o another_o island_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o this_o war_n agricola_n first_o take_v ship_v and_o sail_v over_o to_o certain_a nation_n never_o before_o know_v of_o which_o after_o many_o prosperous_a encounter_n he_o subdue_v and_o then_o put_v garrison_n into_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o lie_v towards_o ireland_n more_o out_o of_o hope_n than_o out_o of_o fear_n for_o ireland_n ireland_n ireland_n be_v situate_v between_o spain_n and_o britain_n and_o lie_v convenient_a for_o the_o french_a sea_n will_v with_o many_o other_o advantage_n have_v unite_v those_o mighty_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o for_o its_o bigness_n it_o be_v less_o than_o britain_n but_o large_a than_o the_o island_n of_o our_o sea_n the_o soil_n the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n the_o nature_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o british_a the_o port_n and_o haven_n be_v better_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o more_o trade_n and_o commerce_n agricola_n have_v former_o receive_v a_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n drive_v out_o by_o civil_a war_n and_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n have_v keep_v he_o for_o a_o fair_a occasion_n i_o have_v often_o hear_v he_o say_v that_o with_o one_o legion_n and_o some_o few_o auxiliaries_n ireland_n may_v be_v conquer_v and_o retain_v and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a import_n and_o consequence_n to_o our_o interest_n in_o britain_n if_o the_o roman_a force_n be_v on_o all_o hand_n and_o liberty_n as_o it_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o sight_n about_o this_o time_n die_v titus_n who_o for_o these_o exploit_n of_o agricola_n be_v salute_v emperor_n fifteen_o time_n as_o xiphilin_n tell_v we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o a_o old_a coin_n under_o domitian_n agricola_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o lieutenancy_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o a_o general_a insurrection_n civitates_fw-la insurrection_n ampla_fw-la civitas_n al._n amplas_fw-la civitates_fw-la in_o those_o large_a city_n and_o remote_a country_n beyond_o bodotria_n and_o that_o his_o march_n will_v be_v make_v very_o troublesome_a by_o the_o enemy_n send_v out_o a_o fleet_n that_o summer_n to_o try_v the_o creek_n and_o haven_n of_o the_o large_a country_n beyond_o it_o thus_o agricola_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o second_v his_o land_n army_n by_o a_o fleet_n and_o what_o be_v very_o great_a that_o bring_v war_n upon_o they_o both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n oftentimes_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o trooper_n the_o foot_n soldier_n and_o the_o seaman_n will_v meet_v and_o make_v merry_a together_o in_o the_o same_o camp_n each_o one_o magnify_v his_o own_o feat_n and_o adventure_n and_o make_v their_o vaunt_n and_o comparison_n soldierlike_a the_o one_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o high_a mountain_n the_o other_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o tempest_n the_o one_o value_v himself_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o enemy_n the_o other_o upon_o the_o sea_n itself_o subdue_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n as_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o prisoner_n be_v amaze_v and_o daunt_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o fleet_n consider_v that_o if_o once_o their_o sea_n be_v discover_v and_o navigable_a all_o retreat_n and_o refuge_n will_v be_v cut_v off_o whereupon_o the_o caledonian_n with_o great_a preparation_n but_o as_o it_o be_v always_o with_o thing_n unknown_a not_o so_o great_a as_o report_v break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o assault_v our_o castle_n that_o by_o be_v aggressor_n they_o may_v discourage_v we_o so_o that_o some_o poor_a spirit_n on_o our_o side_n under_o show_n of_o prudence_n advise_v agricola_n to_o retire_v on_o this_o side_n bodotria_n and_o rather_o make_v a_o voluntary_a retreat_n than_o a_o force_a one_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o the_o enemy_n design_n be_v to_o divide_v and_o attack_v we_o in_o many_o place_n at_o once_o whereupon_o lest_o he_o shall_v lie_v under_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n he_o likewise_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o body_n they_o have_v intelligence_n of_o this_o forthwith_o take_v another_o course_n and_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n fall_v all_o upon_o our_o nine_o legion_n as_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o between_o sleep_n and_o fear_n in_o the_o night_n cut_v off_o our_o sentinel_n and_o break_v in_o among_o they_o thus_o the_o battle_n begin_v in_o the_o very_a camp_n when_o agricola_n have_v find_v out_o the_o enemy_n march_v by_o his_o scout_n trace_n they_o and_o send_v in_o the_o light_a of_o his_o horse_n and_o foot_n upon_o their_o back_n which_o be_v second_v with_o the_o huzza'_v of_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o their_o colour_n towards_o break_v of_o day_n this_o danger_n on_o all_o side_n terrify_v the_o britain_n and_o the_o roman_n take_v heart_n at_o it_o and_o know_v there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n fight_v now_o for_o honour_n they_o give_v they_o a_o fresh_a onset_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n at_o the_o very_a gate_n put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n while_o both_o our_o army_n be_v contend_v the_o one_o to_o come_v up_o timely_a with_o their_o assistance_n the_o other_o not_o to_o seem_v to_o need_v it_o if_o the_o fen_n and_o wood_n have_v not_o protect_v the_o enemy_n in_o this_o flight_n they_o have_v be_v utter_o conquer_v upon_o this_o constancy_n and_o the_o news_n of_o our_o victory_n the_o whole_a army_n grow_v so_o resolute_a that_o they_o think_v nothing_o invincible_a to_o they_o they_o clamour_v to_o be_v lead_v into_o caledonia_n and_o to_o fight_v their_o way_n through_o to_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o britain_n thus_o they_o who_o be_v but_o just_a now_o require_v wary_a conduct_n be_v forward_o and_o bluster_a when_v the_o event_n be_v see_v and_o this_o be_v always_o the_o case_n in_o war_n every_o one_o claim_v a_o share_n in_o that_o which_o be_v successful_a but_o misfortune_n be_v always_o impute_v to_o one_o single_a person_n however_o the_o britain_n attribute_v all_o this_o to_o good_a luck_n and_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n and_o not_o to_o any_o valour_n in_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o deject_a but_o go_v on_o to_o arm_v their_o young_a man_n to_o convey_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o safe_a place_n and_o by_o assembly_n and_o religious_a rite_n to_o establish_v a_o confederacy_n among_o they_o and_o thus_o both_o army_n leave_v the_o field_n in_o great_a heat_n this_o summer_n a_o cohort_n of_o usipians_n raise_v in_o germany_n and_o send_v over_o into_o britain_n undertake_v a_o very_a strange_a and_o memorable_a adventure_n have_v kill_v their_o captain_n and_o some_o soldier_n that_o be_v disperse_v among_o they_o to_o show_v they_o how_o to_o exercise_v they_o flee_v and_o embark_v themselves_o in_o three_o vessel_n compel_v the_o master_n to_o carry_v they_o off_o but_o only_o one_o of_o they_o do_v his_o duty_n the_o other_o two_o be_v slay_v upon_o suspicion_n and_o this_o strange_a kind_n of_o voyage_n the_o fact_n be_v not_o yet_o noise_v be_v much_o admire_v afterward_o be_v toss_v up_o and_o down_o and_o fall_v upon_o some_o britain_n that_o oppose_v they_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n often_o victorious_a and_o sometime_o baffle_v they_o come_v to_o that_o pinch_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n at_o long_o run_v
this_o ill_a news_n constance_n along_o with_o decimius_n rusticus_n who_o from_o maâ—ter_n from_o officioâ—um_fw-la maâ—ter_n master_n of_o the_o office_n be_v now_o prefer_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a have_v send_v edobeccus_n before_o to_o the_o german_a nation_n march_v towards_o gaul_n with_o the_o frank_n and_o almain_n and_o the_o other_o force_n intend_v speedy_o to_o return_v to_o constantine_n but_o constans_n be_v intercept_v at_o vienne_n in_o gaul_n by_o gerontius_n and_o put_v to_o death_n and_o constantine_n himself_o be_v besiege_v in_o arles_n honorius_n send_v one_o constantius_n to_o his_o relief_n put_v gerontius_n in_o such_o a_o fright_n that_o he_o run_v away_o which_o so_o enrage_v his_o soldier_n that_o they_o invest_v his_o house_n and_o reduce_v he_o to_o such_o a_o pinch_n that_o first_o he_o behead_v his_o faithful_a friend_n alanus_n and_o then_o nunnichia_n his_o wife_n upon_o her_o request_n to_o die_v with_o he_o and_o last_o of_o all_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o himself_o constantine_n â—â—â—sâ—us_fw-la â—â—hâ—â—_n â—â—â—sâ—us_fw-la upon_o the_o severeness_n of_o this_o siege_n and_o the_o unhappy_a engagement_n of_o edobeccus_n begin_v to_o despair_v and_o after_o he_o have_v hold_v out_o four_o month_n and_o reign_v four_o year_n throw_v off_o the_o imperial_a robe_n and_o the_o burden_n that_o attend_v they_o then_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o order_n of_o a_o presbyter_n surrender_v arles_n be_v carry_v into_o italy_n and_o behead_v with_o his_o son_n julian_n to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o nobilissimus_fw-la and_o likewise_o sebastian_n from_o that_o time_n britain_n return_v to_o the_o subjection_n of_o honorius_n and_o be_v happy_a for_o a_o while_n under_o the_o gallant_a and_o wise_a conduct_n of_o victorinus_n bâ—itain_n â—ctoriusâ—overnor_n â—overnor_z 〈◊〉_d bâ—itain_n who_o then_o govern_v the_o province_n and_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n in_o commendation_n of_o he_o there_o be_v extant_a in_o rutilius_n claudius_n these_o verse_n very_o worthy_a of_o that_o author_n conscius_fw-la oceanus_n virtutum_fw-la conscia_fw-la thule_n et_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la ferox_fw-la arva_fw-la britannus_n arat_fw-la quà _fw-la praefectorum_fw-la vicibus_fw-la fraenata_fw-la potestas_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la magni_fw-la foenus_fw-la amoris_fw-la habet_fw-la extremum_fw-la pars_fw-la illa_fw-la quidem_fw-la discessit_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la sed_fw-la tanquam_fw-la medio_fw-la rector_n in_o orb_n fuit_fw-la plus_fw-fr palmae_fw-la est_fw-la illos_fw-la inter_fw-la voluisse_fw-la placere_fw-la inter_fw-la quos_fw-la minor_fw-la est_fw-la displicuisse_fw-la pudor_fw-la he_o thule_n he_o the_o vanquish_a ocean_n know_v and_o those_o vast_a field_n the_o fiery_a britain_n plough_n to_o abuse_v their_o power_n where_o yearly_a praefect_n fear_v a_o bless_a increase_n of_o love_n reward_v his_o care_n though_o that_o great_a part_n another_o world_n have_v show_v yet_o he_o both_o world_n as_o easy_a rule_v as_o one_o it_o be_v noble_a gentle_a method_n there_o to_o use_v where_o rough_a mean_n will_v merit_v just_a excuse_n alarick_n have_v take_v rome_n honorius_n recall_v victorinus_n with_o the_o army_n upon_o which_o the_o britain_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n and_o see_v all_o at_o stake_n free_v their_o city_n and_o repel_v the_o barbarian_n all_o the_o country_n of_o armorica_n likewise_o and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o gaul_n follow_v their_o example_n and_o rid_v themselves_o â—simus_fw-la â—simus_fw-la cast_v out_o the_o roman_a garrison_n and_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o distinct_a commonwealth_n as_o they_o think_v best_o convenient_a this_o rebellion_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o baltic_a nation_n happen_v just_a as_o constantine_n usurp_v the_o empire_n when_o by_o his_o neglect_n of_o affair_n the_o barbarian_n in_o motion_n at_o that_o time_n infest_a the_o province_n without_o control_n yet_o a_o while_n after_o the_o city_n of_o britain_n apply_v themselves_o to_o honorius_n for_o aid_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o address_n he_o send_v they_o no_o supply_n but_o letter_n to_o exhort_v they_o to_o take_v care_n and_o defend_v themselves_o the_o britain_n animate_v by_o these_o letter_n of_o honorius_n the_o emperor_n take_v up_o arm_n according_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o city_n but_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o barbarian_n who_o from_o all_o quarter_n come_v in_o upon_o they_o they_o send_v their_o earnest_a petition_n again_o to_o honorius_n to_o spare_v some_o assistance_n misceâ—â—a_n historiâ—_n misceâ—â—a_n upon_o this_o he_o grant_v they_o one_o legion_n which_o upon_o their_o arrival_n soon_o rout_v a_o great_a body_n of_o the_o enemy_n drive_v the_o rest_n out_o of_o the_o province_n and_o cast_v up_o a_o earthen_a wall_n between_o the_o frith_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o cluid_a which_o notwithstanding_o prove_v of_o very_o little_a use_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o legion_n be_v recall_v to_o defend_v gaul_n they_o return_v easy_o break_v through_o this_o frontier_n and_o with_o great_a outrage_n roved_z plunder_v and_o destroy_v every_o thing_n again_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o represent_v their_o grievance_n with_o garment_n rend_v and_o sand_n upon_o their_o bare_a head_n observe_v the_o manner_n to_o beg_v assistance_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o this_o ravennas_fw-la militares_fw-la manus_fw-la gallio_n ravennas_fw-la three_o company_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o gallio_n of_o ravenna_n be_v send_v they_o by_o valentinian_n these_o likewise_o rout_v the_o barbarian_n with_o great_a valour_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n rescue_v the_o province_n from_o its_o distress_n and_o misery_n gildas_n gildas_n they_o make_v a_o wall_n also_o of_o stone_n not_o raise_v at_o the_o public_a and_o private_a cost_n as_o the_o other_o be_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o poor_a native_n build_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n quite_o cross_a the_o country_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o eden_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o tyne_n and_o eden_n by_o those_o city_n that_o be_v perhaps_o build_v there_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o exhort_v they_o to_o be_v courageous_a and_o leave_v they_o pattern_n to_o make_v their_o weapon_n by_o upon_o the_o southern_a shore_n of_o britain_n also_o where_o their_o ship_n lay_v because_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n may_v enter_v there_o they_o build_v turret_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o that_o look_v along_o way_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o roman_n intend_v never_o to_o return_v more_o take_v their_o last_o farewell_n now_o be_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n every_o where_o in_o a_o lamentable_a and_o wretched_a posture_n the_o empire_n fall_v downright_o lame_a as_o it_o be_v and_o decrepit_a through_o the_o extremity_n of_o old_a age_n and_o the_o church_n be_v grievous_o pester_v with_o heretic_n who_o spread_v their_o poisonous_a doctrine_n universal_o amid_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n one_o of_o who_o be_v pelagius_n bear_v here_o who_o derogate_a from_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n teach_v in_o this_o island_n that_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a righteousness_n 428._o sigib_n pembl_n a_o 428._o by_o the_o merit_n of_o our_o own_o work_n another_o be_v timotheus_n who_o blasphemous_o dispute_v against_o the_o divinity_n and_o incarnation_n of_o our_o saviour_n now_o be_v the_o roman_a empire_n in_o britain_n full_o expire_v saxon._n curonicon_n anglo_n saxon._n it_o be_v the_o four_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o year_n from_o caesar_n come_v in_o when_o under_o the_o government_n of_o valentinian_n 3._o the_o roman_a force_n be_v transport_v by_o that_o gallio_n speak_v of_o for_o the_o service_n of_o france_n and_o have_v bury_v their_o treasure_n and_o bereave_v britain_n of_o her_o youth_n by_o frequent_a muster_n leave_v her_o incapable_a of_o defence_n and_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o ravage_v and_o barbarity_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n from_o whence_o prosper_n aquitanus_n take_v occasion_n to_o write_v true_o that_o at_o this_o time_n through_o the_o roman_a insufficiency_n the_o force_n and_o vigour_n of_o britain_n be_v total_o exhaust_v and_o our_o malmsbury-historian_n when_o the_o tyrant_n have_v leave_v none_o but_o half_a foreigner_n in_o our_o field_n none_o but_o glutton_n and_o debauchee_n in_o our_o city_n britain_n rob_v of_o her_o vigorous_a youth_n and_o altogether_o uncultivated_a by_o the_o exercise_n of_o art_n become_v a_o prey_n to_o its_o neighbour_n who_o gape_v after_o her_o destruction_n for_o immediate_o after_o many_o lose_v their_o life_n by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n many_o village_n be_v burn_v and_o city_n demolish_v and_o all_o thing_n turn_v topsy_n turuie_o by_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n be_v much_o perplex_v who_o think_v it_o better_a to_o trust_v to_o any_o thing_n than_o to_o a_o decisive_a battle_n some_o of_o they_o betake_v themselves_o by_o slight_a to_o the_o mountain_n other_o have_v bury_v their_o treasure_n many_o of_o which_o have_v be_v dug_n up_o in_o this_o age_n make_v for_o rome_n to_o beg_v
octogonus_fw-la fons_fw-la est_fw-la munere_fw-la dignus_fw-la eo_fw-la hoc_fw-la numero_fw-la decuit_fw-la sacri_fw-la baptismatis_fw-la aulam_fw-la surgere_fw-la quo_fw-la populo_fw-la vera_fw-la salus_fw-la rediit_fw-la i.e._n the_o font_n be_v a_o octogon_n a_o figure_n or_o number_n worthy_a of_o that_o function_n it_o behove_v the_o place_n or_o court_n of_o holy_a baptism_n to_o be_v raise_v in_o this_o number_n by_o which_o true_a salvation_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o people_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n that_o as_o six_o be_v the_o number_n of_o antichrist_n so_o eight_o of_o true_a christianity_n the_o fourteen_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o wolf_n and_o boar_n 2_o fierce_a beast_n join_v together_o and_o the_o head_n of_o a_o town_n or_o city_n vano_fw-la civit._fw-la mr._n speed_n apply_v it_o to_o venutius_n a_o valiant_a king_n of_o the_o brigantes_n marry_v to_o cartismandua_n who_o betray_v the_o noble_a and_o gallant_a caractacus_n in_o the_o fifteen_o one_o letter_n seem_v to_o be_v misplace_v durnacum_n be_v the_o city_n tournay_n and_o the_o head_n be_v as_o they_o usual_o decipher_v city_n the_o sixteenth_o with_o a_o woman_n head_n orceti_n if_o true_o spell_v be_v the_o name_n also_o of_o some_o city_n unknown_a to_o we_o conjecture_n upon_o the_o coin_n add_v the_o nineteenth_o be_v in_o mr._n speed_n but_o the_o letter_n ill_o wrought_v and_o place_v he_o read_v it_o casibelan_n the_o first_o general_n of_o the_o britain_n against_o the_o roman_n his_o country_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v north_n of_o the_o thames_n and_o to_o have_v comprehend_v part_n of_o hartford_n and_o buckingham_n shire_n yet_o he_o conquer_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o imanuentius_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o who_o son_n mandubratius_n flee_v to_o caesar_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v he_o hither_o see_v more_o of_o he_o in_o tab._n 11_o co._n 4._o the_o twenty_o be_v of_o cunobeline_n son_n of_o theomantius_fw-la nephew_n to_o casibelan_n by_o the_o british_a 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the_o brigantes_n whereof_o caledonia_n be_v one_o part_n a_o woman_n infamous_a for_o betray_v the_o warlike_a caractacus_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o for_o abuse_v her_o valiant_a husband_n venutius_n the_o twenty_o seven_o a_o crown_a head_n with_o many_o string_n of_o pearl_n about_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v arviragus_z i_o wish_v there_o be_v more_o than_o bare_a conjecture_n for_o it_o for_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o arviragus_n be_v a_o christian_a as_o this_o coin_n declare_v there_o be_v a_o cross_n and_o a_o string_n of_o pearl_n about_o it_o a_o ordinary_a ornament_n of_o the_o cross_n in_o the_o first_o peaceable_a time_n of_o the_o church_n harding_n i_o think_v be_v the_o only_a author_n who_o affirm_v he_o a_o christian_a but_o it_o be_v general_o say_v erga_fw-la religionem_fw-la christianam_fw-la bene_fw-la affectus_fw-la vit._n basin_n and_o that_o he_o give_v to_o the_o first_o preacher_n of_o glastenbury_n so_o many_o hide_v of_o land_n as_o 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of_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n the_o head_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o city_n rather_o than_o as_o bouterove_v think_v of_o ambiorix_n cotivulcus_n or_o some_o other_o of_o their_o prince_n the_o three_o and_o thirty_o be_v also_o to_o design_n some_o city_n or_o country_n it_o may_v be_v of_o the_o auscii_fw-la now_o ausch_n in_o gascon_a or_o some_o other_o unknown_a it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o stamp_v the_o arm_a head_n of_o a_o young_a woman_n probable_o rome_n a_o notable_a virago_n who_o give_v name_n to_o the_o city_n with_o the_o word_n roma_n on_o one_o side_n of_o their_o coin_n other_o city_n and_o country_n place_v also_o the_o head_n yet_o not_o always_o helmete_v but_o common_o in_o the_o dress_n of_o the_o place_n where_o coin_v british_a coin_n tab_n ii_o that_o the_o first_o be_v of_o some_o british_a prince_n in_o esteem_n for_o a_o holy_a man_n i_o collect_v from_o the_o pearl_n about_o his_o head_n set_v in_o 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their_o rugged_a and_o unhandsome_a look_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v some_o of_o the_o ancient_a british_a prince_n but_o the_o letter_n be_v wear_v out_o forbid_v we_o to_o guess_v who_o they_o be_v the_o four_o be_v cassivelaunus_n other_o name_v he_o cassibelinus_n or_o velanus_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o cassii_n a_o people_n not_o far_o from_o the_o trinobantes_n part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o his_o brother_n immanuentius_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o depose_v his_o son_n mandubratius_n who_o thereupon_o flee_v to_o caesar_n and_o be_v restore_v by_o he_o to_o his_o just_a dominion_n but_o this_o action_n cause_v mandubratius_n to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o enemy_n and_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n and_o so_o hate_v that_o he_o accompany_v caesar_n in_o all_o his_o war_n and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n or_o nephew_n cunobeline_n his_o son_n live_v in_o rome_n with_o the_o favour_n of_o augustus_n and_o the_o senate_n who_o declare_v he_o a_o friend_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o be_v plain_o intimate_v in_o that_o speech_n of_o the_o generous_a prince_n caractacus_n from_o these_o transaction_n we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o roman_n by_o this_o submission_n and_o request_n of_o manubratius_n have_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n against_o cassibelinus_n and_o consequent_o against_o all_o the_o britain_n who_o choose_v he_o their_o general_n 2._o that_o this_o conquest_n be_v exceed_o beneficial_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o country_n which_o by_o the_o roman_n acquire_v civility_n if_o not_o humanity_n also_o and_o prudent_a government_n good_a husbandry_n too_o and_o improvement_n of_o wealth_n and_o trade_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o thereby_o prepare_v they_o for_o receive_v the_o gospel_n 3._o that_o the_o britain_n quick_o apprehend_v these_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o more_o ready_o embrace_v and_o
safety_n as_o if_o no_o retrieve_n and_o cure_n can_v be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o world_n by_o the_o mighty_a physician_n of_o we_o all_o nor_o be_v this_o the_o demeanour_n only_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o clergy_n and_o pastor_n too_o who_o example_n shall_v be_v a_o guide_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o many_o of_o they_o be_v notorious_a for_o their_o drunkenness_n have_v debauch_v themselves_o with_o wine_n to_o a_o perfect_a sottishness_n or_o else_o for_o be_v swell_v with_o pride_n and_o wilfulness_n full_a of_o contention_n full_a of_o gall_n and_o envy_n and_o incompetent_a judge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n so_o that_o as_o at_o this_o day_n prince_n be_v plain_o contemn_v and_o slight_v and_o the_o people_n seduce_v by_o their_o own_o folly_n into_o boundless_a error_n and_o so_o misguide_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n god_n intend_v to_o purge_v his_o family_n and_o reform_v it_o from_o such_o great_a corruption_n by_o the_o bare_a apprehension_n of_o imminent_a suffering_n a_o former_a report_n be_v again_o broach_v and_o present_o fly_v abroad_o with_o fair_a notice_n that_o now_o our_o old_a enemy_n approach_v with_o design_n to_o destroy_v we_o and_o inhabit_v the_o land_n as_o they_o do_v former_o from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o they_o become_v not_o penitent_a but_o like_o mad_a horse_n refuse_v as_o we_o say_v the_o reins_o of_o reason_n run_v on_o upon_o the_o broad_a way_n of_o wickedness_n leave_v the_o narrow_a path_n which_o lead_v to_o happiness_n wherefore_o as_o solomon_n say_v when_o the_o obstinate_a servant_n be_v not_o reform_v with_o chide_v he_o be_v whip_v for_o a_o fool_n and_o continue_v insensible_a plague_n a_o plague_n for_o a_o contagious_a plague_n fall_v so_o outrageous_o among_o these_o foolish_a people_n and_o without_o the_o sword_n sweep_v off_o such_o number_n of_o they_o that_o the_o live_a can_v scarce_o bury_v the_o dead_a but_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o mend_v by_o this_o correction_n that_o the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n esay_n may_v be_v also_o fulfil_v in_o they_o and_o god_n call_v they_o to_o sorrow_n and_o mourning_n to_o baldness_n and_o sackcloth_n but_o behold_v they_o fall_v to_o kill_v of_o calf_n to_o slay_v of_o ram_n loe_o they_o fall_v to_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o say_v withal_o let_v we_o eat_v and_o drink_v for_o to_o morrow_n we_o die_v for_o the_o time_n draw_v near_o wherein_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o sin_n like_o that_o of_o the_o amâ—rites_v heretofore_o be_v fill_v up_o they_o take_v counsel_n together_o what_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a and_o convenient_a course_n to_o withstand_v those_o barbarous_a and_o frequent_a inroad_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a nation_n and_o how_o the_o booty_n which_o they_o take_v shall_v be_v divide_v then_o the_o whole_a council_n together_o with_o the_o proud_a tyrant_n be_v blind_o infatuate_v devise_v this_o security_n or_o rather_o destruction_n for_o their_o country_n that_o the_o fierce_a saxon_n of_o ever_o execrable_a memory_n island_n saxon_n 〈◊〉_d into_o the_o island_n and_o detest_a by_o god_n and_o man_n shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o island_n like_v so_o many_o wolf_n into_o the_o sheep-fold_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o northern_a nation_n a_o thing_n more_o destructive_a and_o pernicious_a than_o ever_o be_v do_v to_o this_o kingdom_n o_o the_o mist_n and_o grossness_n of_o this_o sense_n and_o apprehension_n o_o the_o dull_a and_o blockishness_n of_o these_o soul_n those_o who_o at_o a_o distance_n they_o dread_v more_o than_o death_n now_o these_o foolish_a prince_n of_o egypt_n as_o i_o may_v say_v voluntary_o invite_v into_o their_o own_o house_n give_v as_o it_o be_v say_v such_o mad_a counsel_n to_o pharaoh_n then_o that_o kennel_n of_o whelp_n issue_v out_o upon_o we_o from_o the_o den_n of_o the_o barbarous_a lioness_n in_o three_o vessel_n call_v in_o their_o language_n cyules_n but_o in_o we_o long_a galley_n câ—â—les_n the_o 〈◊〉_d man_n câ—â—les_n which_o with_o full_a sail_n lucky_a omen_n and_o augury_n pontend_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v the_o land_n whither_o they_o be_v then_o bind_v for_o three_o hundred_o year_n and_o that_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n or_o one_o half_a of_o the_o say_a time_n will_v be_v spend_v in_o frequent_a ravages_n have_v first_o land_v in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o island_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o this_o unfortunate_a tyrant_n they_o stick_v fast_o there_o pretend_v to_o defend_v the_o country_n but_o rather_o oppress_v it_o the_o foresay_a lioness_n be_v advise_v that_o her_o first_o brood_n have_v succeed_v pour_v in_o a_o large_a herd_n of_o these_o devour_a brute_n which_o arrive_v here_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o former_a spurious_a issue_n from_o henceforth_o the_o seed_n of_o iniquity_n the_o root_n of_o bitterness_n those_o plague_n just_o due_a to_o our_o impiety_n shoot_v out_o and_o grow_v among_o we_o with_o great_a increase_n these_o barbarian_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o island_n obtain_v a_o allowance_n of_o provision_n pretend_v themselves_o false_o to_o be_v soldier_n and_o willing_a to_o undergo_v any_o hardship_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o kind_a britain_n that_o entertain_v they_o these_o favour_n grant_v stop_v as_o we_o may_v say_v the_o cur_n mouth_n for_o some_o time_n then_o they_o complain_v that_o their_o epiâ—â—nia_n their_o their_o epiâ—â—nia_n monthly_a pay_n be_v too_o little_a industrious_o seek_v any_o colourable_a cause_n to_o quarrel_n declare_v they_o will_v break_v their_o league_n and_o ravage_v the_o whole_a island_n unless_o a_o more_o liberal_a maintenance_n be_v allow_v they_o without_o more_o ado_n they_o present_o show_v they_o be_v in_o earnest_n by_o their_o follow_a action_n for_o those_o cause_n which_o have_v pull_v down_o vengeance_n on_o our_o former_a wickedness_n be_v still_o great_a so_o that_o from_o sea_n to_o sea_n the_o country_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o this_o profane_a eastern_a crew_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o consume_v all_o the_o city_n and_o country_n thereabouts_o till_o the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o island_n as_o far_o as_o the_o western_a ocean_n be_v burn_v by_o these_o terrible_a flame_n in_o this_o devastation_n comparable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o assyrian_n heretofore_o against_o juda_n be_v also_o fulfil_v in_o we_o according_a to_o the_o history_n that_o which_o the_o prophet_n by_o way_n of_o lamention_n say_v they_o have_v burn_v with_o fire_n thy_o sanctuary_n they_o have_v pollute_v the_o tabernacle_n of_o thy_o name_n in_o the_o land_n and_o again_o o_o god_n the_o gentile_n be_v come_v into_o thy_o heritage_n they_o have_v defile_v thy_o holy_a temple_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o all_o the_o colony_n be_v overturn_v with_o engine_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n together_o with_o the_o bishop_n priest_n and_o all_o the_o people_n cut_v off_o by_o fire_n and_o sword_n together_o in_o which_o miserable_a prospect_n a_o man_n 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late_o dig_v up_o and_o what_o put_v it_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n be_v a_o fosse-way_n begin_v there_o which_o lead_v to_o sorbiodunum_n or_o old_a salisbury_n continuation_n of_o the_o earl_n thomas_n the_o last_o earl_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n die_v of_o a_o apoplexy_n april_n 19_o 1608._o be_v succeed_v by_o robert_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n who_o second_o son_n richard_n succeed_v his_o father_n thomas_z the_o elder_a son_n die_v before_o his_o father_n and_o unmarried_a this_o richard_n die_v without_o issue_n his_o young_a brother_n sir_n edward_n sackvil_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o honour_n who_o be_v first_o lord_n chamberlain_z to_z queen_n marry_o wife_n of_o king_n charles_n 1._o and_o afterward_o bear_v the_o same_o office_n to_o that_o king_n his_o son_n richard_n be_v next_o earl_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o charles_n his_o son_n by_o the_o lady_n frances_n daughter_n to_o leonel_n earl_n of_o middlesex_n and_o at_o length_n heir_n to_o james_n earl_n of_o 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gaul_n sweet_a willow_n or_o dutch_a myrtle_n in_o a_o low_a level_a marsh_n ground_n near_o wareham_n in_o this_o county_n plentiful_o malva_n arborea_fw-la marina_fw-la nostras_fw-la park_n english_a sea_n tree-mallow_n about_o the_o cottage_n of_o the_o village_n call_v chissell_n in_o portland_n island_n sedum_fw-la portlandicum_fw-la ad._n lob._n majus_fw-la marinum_fw-la anglicum_fw-la park_n portland_n sengreen_n lobel_n write_v so_o ambiguous_o of_o this_o plant_n and_o we_o have_v not_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o it_o at_o portland_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v think_v it_o worth_a mention_v but_o that_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o catalogue_n of_o garden_n vermicularis_fw-la frutex_fw-la minor_fw-la ger._n fruticosa_fw-la altera_fw-la park_n sedum_fw-la minus_fw-la fructicosum_fw-la c._n b._n a_o cali_n species_n seu_fw-la vermicularis_fw-la marina_fw-la arborescens_fw-la j._n b._n shrub-stonecrop_a or_o rather_o glasswort_n on_o the_o stone_n batch_n run_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o dorsetshire_n almost_o to_o portland_n island_n somerset_z shire_n by_o robt._n morden_n belgae_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o east_n the_o belgae_n border_v upon_o the_o durotriges_n who_o probable_o both_o from_o the_o name_n and_o other_o good_a authority_n come_v from_o among_o the_o belgae_n a_o people_n of_o gaul_n into_o britain_n for_o the_o belgae_n as_o caesar_n learn_v of_o the_o rhemi_a be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n and_o former_o pass_v over_o the_o rhine_n be_v induce_v by_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o place_n to_o settle_v there_o after_o they_o have_v expel_v the_o gaul_n from_o whence_o as_o the_o same_o author_n have_v it_o they_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n with_o no_o other_o design_n than_o to_o plunder_v and_o ravage_v and_o be_v all_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o those_o city_n where_o they_o have_v be_v bear_v and_o to_o which_o they_o belong_v before_o they_o come_v thither_o here_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o settle_v and_o begin_v to_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n it_o do_v not_o precise_o appear_v at_o what_o time_n they_o come_v over_o unless_o possible_o divitiacus_n king_n of_o the_o suessiones_n who_o flourish_v before_o caesar_n may_v transplant_v the_o belgae_n into_o those_o part_n for_o he_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o great_a part_n as_o of_o gaul_n so_o also_o of_o britain_n neither_o be_v it_o yet_o clear_v from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o belgae_n shall_v come_v hubert_n thomas_n leodius_n thomas_n leodius_n of_o liege_n a_o very_a learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o belgae_n be_v a_o german_a word_n because_o the_o german_n call_v the_o gaul_n and_o italian_n wallen_n and_o some_o of_o they_o term_v they_o welgen_n john_n goropius_n a_o belgian_n will_v have_v it_o come_v from_o the_o belgic_a word_n belke_n signify_v in_o that_o language_n anger_n as_o if_o they_o be_v more_o prone_a to_o anger_v than_o other_o but_o since_o the_o name_n of_o belgae_n do_v not_o seem_v 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acknowledge_v the_o fettiplace_n their_o founder_n upon_o the_o severn_n sea_n where_o this_o county_n border_n upon_o the_o danmonii_n the_o two_o first_o place_n we_o meet_v with_o
honour_n of_o the_o decease_a party_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v and_o barbarous_a nation_n make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o their_o province_n then_o the_o british_a army_n fear_v they_o may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o calamity_n of_o their_o neighbour_n choose_v themselves_o emperor_n first_o marcus_n than_o gratian_n both_o of_o who_o they_o present_o murder_v and_o last_o 〈…〉_o â—tura_fw-la â—runt_fw-la â—tantine_a 〈◊〉_d choose_v queror_n â—he_v sake_n 〈…〉_o in_o the_o year_n 107._o they_o *_o choose_v one_o constantine_n pure_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o name_n and_o against_o his_o own_o will_n in_o this_o city_n caer_n segont_n as_o ninnius_n and_o gervasius_n dorobernensis_n tell_v we_o he_o set_v sail_n from_o britain_n arrive_v at_o bologne_n in_o france_n and_o get_v all_o the_o roman_a force_n as_o far_o as_o the_o alps_o to_o join_v he_o defend_v valence_n a_o city_n of_o gaul_n with_o great_a resolution_n against_o the_o force_n of_o honorius_n the_o emperor_n and_o set_v a_o garrison_n upon_o the_o †_o rhine_n â—henum_fw-la â—henum_fw-la that_o be_v before_o defenseless_a he_o build_v several_a fortress_n in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o alps_n in_o spain_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o constans_n his_o son_n who_o from_o a_o monk_n he_o have_v raise_v to_o the_o title_n of_o augustus_n he_o be_v very_o successful_a and_o then_o send_v letter_n to_o honorius_n to_o beg_v pardon_n for_o his_o crime_n in_o suffer_v the_o soldier_n to_o force_v upon_o he_o the_o purple_a receive_v back_o a_o imperial_a robe_n from_o that_o emperor_n buoy_v up_o with_o this_o he_o pass_v the_o alps_n with_o a_o design_n to_o march_v to_o rome_n but_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o alaric_n the_o goth_n who_o have_v be_v a_o friend_n to_o his_o cause_n he_o retreat_v to_o arles_n where_o he_o fix_v the_o imperial_a seat_n command_v the_o city_n to_o be_v call_v †_o after_o his_o own_o name_n â—tantiâ—â—â—_n â—tantiâ—â—â—_n and_o summon_v thither_o a_o solemn_a meeting_n of_o seven_o province_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n gerontius_n raise_v a_o faction_n against_o his_o master_n and_o after_o he_o have_v traitorous_o slay_v constans_n his_o son_n at_o vienne_n in_o gaul_n close_o besiege_v constantine_n the_o father_n in_o arles_n but_o while_o one_o constantius_n send_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n be_v march_v against_o he_o with_o a_o army_n gerontius_n lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n constantine_n be_v reduce_v to_o great_a necessity_n by_o the_o closeness_n of_o this_o siege_n and_o by_o some_o unhappy_a sally_n of_o the_o garrison_n bring_v to_o despair_v he_o quit_v his_o honour_n and_o that_o load_n of_o fortune_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o order_n of_o a_o *_o priest_n â—â—y_n â—â—y_n upon_o which_o the_o city_n be_v present_o surrender_v and_o he_o lead_v prisoner_n into_o italy_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v with_o julian_n his_o son_n who_o 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berkshire_n 6._o berkshire_n the_o foundation-charter_n bear_v date_n at_o windsor_n sept._n 12._o 19_o henr._n 6._o found_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o
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brentstreet_n a_o hamlet_n to_o which_o it_o impart_v its_o name_n water_v hangerwood_n hanwell_n oiâ—terley-park_n where_o sir_n thomas_n gresham_n build_v a_o fair_a large_a house_n and_o so_o near_o she_o fall_v into_o the_o thames_n give_v name_n to_o brentford_n a_o fair_a thoroughfare_n and_o frequent_a market_n hard_o by_o be_v brentford_n brentford_n brentford_n which_o receive_v that_o name_n from_o the_o little_a river_n brent_n where_o edmund_n ironside_n after_o he_o have_v oblige_v the_o dane_n to_o draw_v off_o from_o the_o siege_n of_o london_n do_v so_o attack_v they_o as_o to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o disorderly_a flight_n wherein_o he_o kill_v great_a number_n of_o they_o from_o stanes_n thus_o far_o all_o between_o the_o high-road_n along_o hounslow_n and_o the_o thames_n be_v call_v the_o forest_n or_o warren_n of_o stanes_n till_o henry_n 3_o as_o we_o read_v in_o his_o charter_n deforre_v and_o dewarren_v it_o then_o side_n then_o to_o the_o thames_n side_n i_o 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above_o the_o little_a sprig_n tacitus_n ptolemy_n and_o antoninus_n call_v it_o londinium_n and_o longidinium_n ammianus_n lundinum_n and_o augusta_n stephanus_n in_o his_o book_n of_o city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d our_o british_a lundayn_n the_o old_a saxon_n londen-ceast_a londen-byrig_a londen-pyc_a foreigner_n londra_n and_o londres_n our_o own_o nation_n london_n london_n london_n the_o fabulous_a writer_n troja_n nova_n dinas_n belin_n i.e._n the_o city_n of_o belin_n and_o caer_n lud_n from_o one_o king_n luddus_n who_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v give_v it_o both_o be_v and_o name_n but_o as_o for_o those_o new-broached_a name_n and_o original_n as_o also_o erasmus_n conjecture_n that_o it_o come_v from_o lindum_n a_o city_n of_o rhodes_n i_o leave_v they_o to_o those_o that_o be_v incline_v to_o admire_v they_o for_o my_o own_o part_n since_o caesar_n and_o strabo_n have_v tell_v i_o to_n british_n to_n that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n call_v such_o wood_n or_o grove_n as_o they_o fence_v with_o tree_n they_o have_v cut_v down_o city_n or_o town_n and_o since_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o in_o british_a they_o call_v such_o place_n llhw_v i_o be_o almost_o of_o this_o opinion_n that_o london_n be_v by_o way_n of_o eminence_n simple_o call_v a_o city_n or_o a_o city_n in_o a_o wood_n but_o if_o that_o do_v not_o hit_v give_v i_o leave_v without_o the_o charge_n of_o inconstancy_n conjecture_n inconstancy_n while_o i_o disport_v in_o conjecture_n to_o guess_v once_o more_o that_o it_o may_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o same_o original_n that_o it_o have_v its_o growth_n and_o glory_n i_o mean_v ship_n call_v by_o the_o british_a lhong_n so_o that_o london_n be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o harbour_n or_o city_n of_o ship_n for_o the_o britain_n term_n a_o city_n dinas_n dinas_n dinas_n which_o the_o latin_n turn_v into_o dinum_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v call_v in_o one_o place_n longidinium_n and_o in_o a_o naenia_n a_o naenia_n song_n of_o a_o ancient_a british_a bard_n lhongporth_n i.e._n a_o port_n or_o harbour_n for_o ship_n and_o by_o the_o same_o word_n bologne_n in_o france_n in_o ptolemy_n gessoriacum_n navale_fw-mi be_v turn_v by_o the_o british_a glossary_n bolung_v long._n for_o several_a city_n have_v have_v their_o name_n from_o ship_v as_o naupactus_n naustathmos_n nauplia_n navalia_n augusti_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o which_o can_v lay_v better_o claim_v to_o the_o name_n of_o a_o harbour_n than_o our_o london_n for_o it_o be_v admirable_o accommodate_v with_o both_o element_n stand_v in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n abound_v with_o every_o thing_n seat_v upon_o a_o gentle_a ascent_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n thames_n which_o without_o trouble_n or_o difficulty_n bring_v it_o in_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o world_n for_o by_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o tide_n come_v in_o at_o set_a hour_n with_o the_o safety_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o river_n which_o bring_v up_o the_o large_a vessel_n it_o daily_a heap_n in_o so_o much_o wealth_n both_o from_o east_n and_o west_n that_o it_o may_v at_o this_o day_n dispute_v the_o pre-eminence_n with_o all_o the_o mart-town_n in_o christendom_n moreover_o it_o be_v such_o a_o sure_a and_o complete_a station_n for_o ship_n that_o one_o may_v term_v it_o a_o groved_a wood_n so_o shade_v be_v it_o with_o mast_n and_o sail_n h_o antiquity_n have_v tell_v we_o nothing_o of_o the_o first_o founder_n as_o indeed_o city_n grow_v up_o by_o little_a and_o little_a but_o seldom_o know_v their_o original_n notwithstanding_o this_o among_o other_o have_v fabulous_o derive_v itself_o from_o the_o trojan_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o brute_n abnepos_fw-la brute_n abnepos_fw-la second_o nephew_n to_o the_o famous_a aeneas_n be_v its_o founder_n but_o whoever_o build_v it_o the_o growth_n of_o it_o may_v convince_v it_o be_v begin_v with_o a_o genio_fw-la a_o vitali_fw-la genio_fw-la lucky_a omen_n continuance_n omen_n mark_v for_o life_n and_o long_a continuance_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n have_v teach_v we_o to_o pay_v it_o a_o veneration_n upon_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n when_o even_o in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o year_n ago_o he_o call_v it_o a_o ancient_a town_n and_o agreeable_o cornelius_z tacitus_n who_o flourish_v under_o nero_n since_o nero_n 1540_o year_n since_o have_v tell_v we_o that_o than_o it_o be_v a_o place_n exceed_o famous_a for_o the_o number_n of_o merchant_n and_o its_o trade_n even_o than_o nothing_o be_v want_v to_o complete_a its_o glory_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o either_o a_o municipium_fw-la a_o municipium_fw-la free-borough_n or_o a_o colony_n nor_o indeed_o will_v it_o have_v be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o a_o city_n of_o such_o vast_a trade_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o colony_n or_o free-borough_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o fancy_n they_o make_v it_o a_o praefecture_n praefecturae_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o town_n wherein_o there_o be_v nundinae_fw-la be_v nundinae_fw-la fair_n and_o court_n keep_v not_o that_o they_o have_v magistrate_n of_o their_o own_o but_o have_v praefect_n send_v they_o yearly_a to_o do_v justice_n who_o be_v to_o act_v in_o all_o public_a affair_n such_o as_o tax_n tribute_n impost_n militiae_fw-la impost_n militiae_fw-la the_o business_n of_o the_o army_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o london_n be_v only_o term_v opidum_fw-la a_o town_n by_o tacitus_n by_o the_o panegyrist_n and_o by_o marcellinus_n but_o although_o it_o have_v not_o a_o more_o honourable_a title_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v as_o powerful_a wealthy_a and_o prosperous_a as_o any_o and_o that_o almost_o without_o interruption_n under_o the_o roman_a saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n scarce_o ever_o fall_v under_o any_o great_a calamity_n i_o in_o nero_n reign_n when_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boadicia_n have_v unanimous_o resolve_v
ever_o bear_v when_o ever_o thy_o lofty_a tower_n thy_o stately_a wall_n and_o all_o thy_o glory_n my_o glad_a thought_n recall_v my_o ravish_a soul_n still_o swell_v with_o full_a delight_n and_o still_o my_o absent_a eye_n admire_v the_o grateful_a sight_n fame_n that_o be_v all_o tongue_n and_o will_v if_o silent_a die_v of_o thou_o her_o great_a theme_n nor_o dare_v nor_o need_v to_o lie_v and_o another_o in_o a_o poëtical_a vein_n pen_v this_o haec_fw-la urbs_fw-la illa_fw-la potens_fw-la cvi_fw-la tres_fw-la tria_fw-la dona_fw-la ministrant_fw-la bacchus_fw-la apollo_n ceres_n pocula_fw-la carmen_fw-la ador_n haec_fw-la urbs_fw-la illa_fw-la potens_fw-la quam_fw-la juno_n minerva_n diana_n mercibus_fw-la arce_fw-la feris_fw-la ditat_v adornat_fw-la alit_fw-la a_o place_n where_o ceres_n phoebus_n bacchus_n join_v their_o three_o great_a gift_n corn_n poetry_n and_o wine_n which_o pallas_n juno_n and_o chaste_a hunt_a maid_n with_o building_n good_n and_o beast_n adorn_v enrich_v and_o feed_v but_o my_o friend_n the_o famous_a john_n jonston_n of_o aberdeen_n professor_n of_o divinity_n in_o the_o royal_a university_n of_o st._n andrew_n have_v manage_v the_o subject_n more_o sober_o urbs_fw-la augusta_n cvi_fw-la coelúmque_fw-la solúmque_fw-la salúmque_fw-la cuique_fw-la favent_fw-la cunctis_fw-la cuncta_fw-la elementa_fw-la bonis_fw-la mitius_n haud_fw-la usquà m_fw-la coelum_fw-la est_fw-la uberrima_fw-la tellus_fw-la fundit_fw-la inexhausti_fw-la germina_fw-la laeta_fw-la soli_fw-la et_fw-la pater_fw-la oceanus_n tamisino_n gurgite_fw-la mistus_fw-la convehit_fw-la immensas_fw-la totius_fw-la orbis_fw-la opes_fw-la regali_fw-la cultu_fw-la sedes_fw-la clarissima_fw-la regum_fw-la gentis_fw-la praesidium_fw-la cor_fw-la anima_fw-la atque_fw-la oculus_fw-la gens_n antiqua_fw-la potens_fw-la virtute_fw-la &_o robore_fw-la belli_fw-la artium_fw-la &_o omnigenûm_fw-la nobilitata_fw-la opibus_fw-la singula_fw-la contemplare_fw-la animo_fw-la attentúsque_fw-la tuere_fw-la aut_fw-la orbem_fw-la aut_fw-la orbis_n dixeris_fw-la esse_fw-la caput_fw-la renown_a augusta_n that_o sea_n earth_n and_o sky_n and_o all_o the_o various_a element_n supply_v no_o peaceful_a climate_n breathe_v a_o soft_a air_n no_o fertile_a ground_n with_o happy_a plenty_n bear_v old_a ocean_n with_o great_a thames_n his_o elder_a son_n make_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o world_n she_o own_o the_o ever_o famous_a seat_n of_o britain_n prince_n the_o nation_n eye_n heart_n spirit_n and_o defence_n the_o man_n for_o ancient_a valour_n ever_o know_v nor_o art_n and_o riches_n gain_v they_o less_o renown_n in_o short_a when_o all_o her_o glory_n be_v survey_v it_o must_v with_o wonder_n still_o at_o last_o be_v say_v she_o make_v a_o world_n herself_o or_o be_v the_o world_n be_v great_a head_n but_o these_o matter_n with_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v handle_v more_o at_o large_a and_o with_o more_o accuracy_n by_o john_n stow_n a_o citizen_n of_o london_n and_o a_o famous_a chronicler_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o london_n but_o late_o publish_v and_o so_o i_o will_v take_v leave_n of_o my_o dear_a native_a place_n after_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o it_o be_v 51_o degree_n 34_o minute_n minute_n minute_n our_o modern_a mathematician_n will_v only_o allow_v it_o 32_o minute_n and_o the_o longitude_n 23_o degree_n and_o 25_o minute_n that_o â—arp_n that_o orpheus_n â—arp_n fidicula_fw-la of_o the_o nature_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v the_o topick_n star_n which_o glance_n upon_o the_o horizon_n but_o never_o set_v and_o that_o the_o dragon's-head_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o astrologer_n as_o the_o vertical_a radcliff_n radcliff_n the_o thames_n leave_v london_n water_n redcliff_n a_o neat_a little_a town_n inhabit_v by_o seaman_n and_o so_o call_v from_o the_o red_a cliff_n next_o after_o it_o have_v take_v a_o great_a wind_a it_o receive_v the_o river_n lea_n the_o eastern_a bind_v of_o this_o county_n marish-meadow_n county_n when_o it_o have_v collect_v his_o divide_a stream_n and_o cherish_v fruitful_a marish-meadow_n which_o yet_o have_v nothing_o situate_a upon_o it_o belong_v to_o this_o shire_n that_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n for_o aedelmton_n waltham-cross_n edmonton_n waltham-cross_n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o the_o name_n derive_v from_o nobility_n nor_o waltham_n but_o a_o cross_n build_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o for_o the_o funeral_n pomp_n of_o queen_n eleanor_n from_o which_o it_o have_v part_n of_o the_o name_n only_o there_o be_v enfield_n enfield-chase_n enfield-chase_n a_o royal_a seat_n build_v by_o thomas_n lovel_n knight_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o privy-councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o county_n seven_o and_o durance_n neighbour_n thereto_o a_o house_n of_o the_o wrath_n of_o ancient_a name_n in_o this_o county_n as_o one_o may_v infer_v from_o the_o arms._n near_o which_o be_v a_o place_n clothe_v with_o green_a tree_n and_o famous_a for_o deeâ—-hunting_a enfield-chace_n former_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o magnavil_n earl_n of_o essex_n then_o of_o the_o bohun_v their_o successor_n but_o now_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n ever_o since_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n marry_v a_o daughter_n and_o co-heir_n of_o the_o last_o humphrey_n bohun_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o chase_n there_o be_v still_o the_o ruin_n and_o rubbish_n of_o a_o ancient_a house_n which_o the_o common_a people_n from_o tradition_n affirm_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o magnavil_n earl_n of_o essex_n baron_n essex_n as_o for_o the_o the_o title_n of_o middlesex_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v vouchsafe_v it_o to_o none_o neither_o duke_n marquess_z earl_n or_o baron_n towards_o the_o north_n bound_n of_o middlesex_n a_o military_a way_n of_o the_o roman_n common_o call_v watling-streete_n enter_v this_o county_n come_v straight_o along_o from_o the_o old_a verulam_n through_o hamsted-heath_n from_o which_o one_o have_v a_o curious_a prospect_n of_o a_o most_o beautiful_a city_n and_o a_o most_o pleasant_a country_n then_o not_o where_o the_o road_n lie_v now_o through_o highgate_n for_o that_o as_o be_v before_o observe_v be_v open_v only_o obout_o 300_o year_n ago_o by_o permission_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n but_o that_o more_o ancient_a one_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o old_a charter_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n pass_v along_o near_o edgeworth_n edgeworth_n edgeworth_n a_o place_n of_o no_o great_a antiquity_n so_o on_o to_o hendon_n hendon_n hendon_n which_o archbishop_n dunstan_n a_o man_n bear_v for_o promote_a the_o interest_n of_o monkery_n purchase_v for_o a_o few_o bizantine_n piece_n of_o gold_n and_o give_v to_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n peter_n in_o westminster_n these_o bizantini_fw-la aurei_fw-la be_v imperial_a money_n coin_v at_o byzantium_n or_o constantinople_n by_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n but_o what_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v i_o know_v not_o there_o be_v also_o a_o sort_n of_o silver-money_n call_v simple_o bizantii_n and_o bizantini_fw-la coin_n bizantine_n coin_n which_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v here_o and_o there_o in_o ancient_a record_n be_v value_v at_o two_o shilling_n but_o leave_v those_o matter_n to_o the_o search_n of_o other_o i_o will_v go_v forward_o on_o the_o journey_n i_o have_v begin_v in_o this_o county_n without_o the_o city_n there_o be_v about_o 73_o parish_n within_o the_o city_n liberty_n and_o suburb_n 186._o suburb_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o mistake_n of_o the_o printer_n for_o 121._o as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o some_o other_o copy_n but_o neither_o will_v that_o account_n be_v true_a for_o exclude_v the_o seven_o parish_n in_o the_o city_n and_o liberty_n of_o westminster_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v throw_v into_o the_o county_n and_o the_o our_o parish_n of_o middlesex_n and_o surrey_n which_o can_v none_o of_o they_o reasonable_o be_v account_v in_o london_n there_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o city_n liberties_n and_o suburb_n but_o 113_o parish_n as_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o bill_n of_o mortality_n and_o in_o the_o whole_a county_n and_o city_n together_o but_o 186._o 221._o addition_n to_o middlesex_n the_o extent_n of_o this_o county_n be_v very_o small_a and_o our_o author_n a_o native_a of_o it_o have_v already_o be_v very_o nice_a and_o copious_a in_o its_o description_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o expect_v any_o great_a advance_v either_o in_o the_o correction_n or_o addition_n to_o it_o asleep_o the_o first_o place_n that_o admit_v of_o further_a remark_n be_v uxbridge_n uxbridge_n uxbridge_n make_v more_o famous_a since_o our_o author_n day_n by_o a_o treaty_n there_o hold_v jan._n 30._o 1644._o temp_n car._n 1._o between_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n then_o sit_v at_o westminster_n of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o full_a relation_n give_v we_o by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o view_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n print_v at_o oxon_n 1681._o 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〈◊〉_d â—he_n pinkâ—â—ys_v till_o such_o time_n as_o h._n de_fw-fr pinkney_n make_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o his_o heir_n who_o be_v a_o excellent_a prince_n many_o ill_a man_n make_v he_o their_o heir_n whereas_o according_a to_o tacitus_n a_o good_a father_n make_v no_o prince_n but_o a_o bad_a one_o his_o heir_n from_o hence_o i_o present_o come_v to_o tripontium_n tripontium_n tripontium_n which_o antonine_n take_v notice_n of_o but_o not_o in_o its_o right_a place_n for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n this_o be_v that_o very_a place_n we_o now_o call_v torcester_n nor_o be_v there_o good_a argument_n want_v to_o prove_v this_o if_o trimontium_n in_o thrace_n have_v that_o name_n of_o three_o hill_n triturrita_n in_o tuscany_n of_o three_o tower_n and_o tripoli_n of_o three_o city_n there_o be_v no_o room_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o this_o tripontium_n of_o we_o be_v so_o name_v of_o three_o bridge_n and_o here_o at_o this_o torcester_n the_o roman_a praetorian_n or_o military-way_n 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able_a to_o take_v it_o and_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a afterward_o encompass_v it_o with_o a_o stone-wall_n yet_o with_o all_o my_o search_n i_o can_v find_v no_o sign_n of_o any_o such_o wall_n only_o there_o be_v a_o mount_n still_o remain_v cast_v up_o in_o ancient_a time_n they_o call_v it_o berihill_n now_o take_v up_o in_o private_a garden_n and_o plant_v on_o every_o side_n with_o cherry_n tree_n and_o time_n itself_o have_v so_o ruin_v the_o town_n that_o it_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o situation_n the_o name_n and_o the_o ancient_a coin_n ever_o now_o and_o then_o find_v here_o for_o its_o reputation_n of_o antiquity_n for_o it_o have_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o one_o only_a church_n large_a and_o fair_a in_o which_o d._n sponte_fw-la former_o rector_n thereof_o by_o report_n a_o good_a benefactor_n both_o to_o church_n and_o town_n lie_v inter_v in_o a_o tomb_n of_o excellent_a workmanship_n but_o at_o elton_n hard_o by_o you_o have_v a_o prospect_n of_o a_o fine_a house_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o farmer_n knight_n the_o river_n that_o water_v torcester_n in_o its_o course_n from_o hence_o towards_o the_o ouse_n run_v by_o grafton_n grafton_n grafton_n now_o a_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n be_v but_o former_o a_o seat_n of_o the_o family_n of_o widdevil_n wodâ—il_n widdevil_n or_o wodâ—il_n out_o of_o which_o come_v richard_n a_o person_n much_o renown_v for_o his_o virtue_n and_o valour_n who_o be_v fine_v 1000_o l._n of_o our_o money_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o for_o marry_v jaquet_n dowager_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_o daughter_n of_o peter_n of_o luxenburgh_n earl_n of_o st._n paul_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o afterward_o he_o advance_v the_o same_o person_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o baron_n widdevil_n of_o rivers_n 6._o parl._n 27_o h._n 6._o with_o elizabeth_n this_o lord_n daughter_n king_n edward_n the_o four_o private_o
râ—â—land_n of_o this_o family_n john_n depart_v this_o life_n sept._n 29._o 1679._o and_o leave_v this_o title_n to_o his_o only_a son_n john_n the_o present_a earl_n of_o rutland_n lincolnshire_n this_o county_n of_o lincoln_n border_n upon_o rutland_n on_o the_o east_n call_v by_o the_o saxon_n lincollscyre_n by_o the_o norman_n upon_o their_o first_o entrance_n into_o this_o island_n by_o a_o transposal_n of_o letter_n nicolshire_n but_o common_o now_o lincolnshire_n it_o be_v a_o very_a large_a county_n be_v almost_o sixty_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o some_o place_n above_o thirty_o broad_a fit_v by_o the_o mildness_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o produce_v of_o corn_n and_o feed_n of_o cattle_n adorn_v with_o many_o town_n and_o water_a with_o many_o river_n on_o the_o east-side_n it_o shoot_v out_o a_o supercilium_fw-la a_o supercilium_fw-la foreland_n of_o great_a compass_n which_o bound_n upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o abus_n or_o humber_n a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o join_v to_o nottinghamshire_n and_o on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v part_v from_o northamptonshire_n by_o the_o river_n welland_n the_o whole_a county_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n holland_z kesteven_n and_o lindsey_n as_o we_o in_o our_o language_n call_v it_o asleep_o holland_n holland_n holland_n which_o ingulphus_n call_v hoiland_n be_v next_o the_o sea_n and_o like_o holland_n in_o germany_n be_v so_o very_o moist_a in_o many_o place_n that_o the_o print_n of_o one_o foot_n remain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o surface_n itself_o shake_v if_o stamp_v on_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v its_o name_n unless_o with_o ingulphus_n one_o will_v have_v hoiland_n to_o be_v the_o right_a name_n and_o that_o it_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o hay_n make_v here_o hoy._n here_o with_o our_o progenitor_n broad_o call_v hoy._n b_o all_o this_o part_n lie_v upon_o that_o estuary_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v metaris_n metaris_n metaris_n instead_o of_o maltraith_n at_o this_o day_n the_o washes_n wash_v the_o wash_v this_o estuary_n be_v very_o large_a and_o famous_a cover_v with_o water_n at_o every_o flow_a of_o the_o tide_n and_o passable_a again_o at_o every_o ebb_n though_o not_o without_o danger_n as_o king_n john_n to_o his_o own_o loss_n experience_v for_o whilst_o in_o the_o baron_n war_n he_o attempt_v to_o pass_v here_o he_o lose_v all_o his_o carriage_n and_o furniture_n near_o foss-dyke_n and_o welstream_n by_o a_o sudden_a inundation_n as_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n tell_v we_o this_o part_n of_o the_o county_n call_v silt_v which_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o sand_n believe_v to_o have_v be_v forsake_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o assault_v on_o one_o side_n with_o the_o ocean_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o a_o mighty_a flood_n of_o water_n which_o drain_v from_o the_o high_a country_n that_o all_o the_o winter_n they_o constant_o watch_v it_o and_o can_v hardly_o with_o their_o cast-up_a bank_n defend_v themselves_o against_o those_o dangerous_a enemy_n the_o ground_n produce_v very_o little_a corn_n but_o much_o grass_n and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o seafowl_n but_o the_o soil_n be_v so_o soft_a that_o they_o work_v their_o horse_n unshod_a and_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v so_o much_o as_o a_o little_a stone_n which_o have_v not_o be_v bring_v from_o some_o other_o place_n yet_o however_o the_o church_n here_o be_v beautiful_a and_o well_o build_v of_o square_a stone_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a from_o the_o bank_n cast_v up_o against_o the_o water_n now_o distant_a two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o from_o the_o hill_n near_o sutterton_n which_o they_o call_v salthill_n salt-hillâ—_a salt-hillâ—_a that_o the_o sea_n come_v further_o up_o here_o be_v great_a want_n of_o fresh_a water_n in_o all_o place_n have_v no_o other_o supply_n but_o the_o rain_n water_n in_o pit_n which_o if_o deep_a soon_o turn_v the_o water_n brackish_a if_o shallow_a grow_v present_o dry_a here_o be_v many_o quicksand_n quicksand_n quicksand_n and_o the_o shepherd_n and_o their_o flock_n be_v often_o with_o great_a danger_n make_v sensible_a that_o they_o have_v a_o wonderful_a force_n in_o suck_v in_o any_o thing_n that_o come_v upon_o they_o and_o retain_v it_o fast_o lincolnshire_n by_o roâ—â—_n mâ—rden_n â—â—wland_n â—â—l's_v of_o â—â—wland_n if_o out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n i_o shall_v describe_v the_o devil_n of_o crowland_n with_o their_o blubber_a lip_n fiery_a mouth_n scaly_a face_n beetle_n head_n sharp_a tooth_n long_a chin_n hoarse_a throat_n black_a skin_n hump_o shoulder_n big_a bell_n burn_a loin_n bandy_v leg_n tail_v buttock_n etc._n etc._n that_o former_o haunt_v these_o place_n and_o very_o much_o trouble_v guthlacus_n and_o the_o monk_n you_o will_v laugh_v perhaps_o at_o the_o story_n and_o much_o more_o at_o my_o madness_n in_o tell_v it_o since_o the_o situation_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n be_v strange_a and_o different_a from_o all_o other_o in_o england_n and_o the_o monastery_n particular_o famous_a in_o former_a time_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o description_n of_o it_o somewhat_o at_o large_a this_o crowland_n lie_v in_o the_o fen_n so_o enclose_v and_o encompass_v with_o deep_a bog_n and_o pool_n that_o there_o be_v no_o access_n to_o it_o but_o on_o the_o north_n and_o east-side_n and_o these_o by_o narrow_a causey_n this_o monastery_n and_o venice_n if_o we_o may_v compare_v thing_n of_o such_o different_a size_n and_o proportion_n have_v the_o same_o situation_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o street_n separate_v each_o from_o the_o other_o by_o watercourse_n plant_v with_o willow_n build_v on_o pile_n drive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pool_n have_v communication_n by_o a_o triangular_a bridge_n curious_o build_v under_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n say_v there_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a pit_n dig_v to_o receive_v the_o concourse_n of_o water_n there_o beyond_o the_o bridge_n where_o as_o one_o word_n it_o 〈◊〉_d it_o â—n_fw-la â—ilum_fw-la â—atur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d the_o bog_n be_v become_v firm_a ground_n stand_v former_o that_o famous_a monastery_n of_o very_o small_a compass_n about_o which_o unless_o on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o town_n stand_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o rot_a and_o boggy_a that_o a_o pole_n may_v be_v thrust_v down_o thirty_o foot_n deep_a there_o be_v nothing_o round_o about_o it_o but_o reed_n and_o next_o the_o church_n a_o grove_n of_o alder_n however_o the_o town_n be_v pretty_a well_o inhabit_v but_o the_o cattle_n be_v keep_v far_o from_o it_o so_o that_o when_o the_o owner_n milk_n they_o they_o go_v in_o boat_n that_o will_v carry_v but_o two_o call_v by_o they_o skerrys_n their_o great_a gain_n be_v from_o the_o fish_n and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o anatum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d wild_a duck_n that_o they_o catch_v which_o be_v so_o many_o that_o in_o august_n they_o can_v drive_v at_o once_o into_o a_o single_a net_n 3000_o duck_n they_o call_v these_o pool_n their_o corn_n field_n for_o there_o be_v no_o corn_n grow_v within_o five_o mile_n for_o this_o liberty_n of_o take_v of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n they_o former_o pay_v yearly_o to_o the_o abbot_n as_o they_o do_v now_o to_o the_o king_n three_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o write_v the_o private_a history_n of_o this_o monastery_n for_o it_o be_v extant_a in_o ingulphus_n now_o print_v yet_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o make_v a_o short_a report_n of_o that_o which_o peter_n blesensis_n â—â—â—e-â—anâ—â—ius_a blesensis_n â—â—â—e-â—anâ—â—ius_a vicechancellor_a to_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o among_o other_o thing_n relate_v concern_v the_o first_o building_n of_o this_o monastery_n in_o the_o year_n 1112._o to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o one_o single_a precedent_n we_o may_v learn_v by_o what_o mean_n and_o supply_v so_o many_o rich_a and_o stately_a religious-house_n be_v build_v in_o all_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n joffrid_n the_o abbot_n obtain_v of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o england_n a_o indulgence_n to_o every_o one_o that_o help_v forward_o so_o religious_a a_o work_n for_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o penance_n enjoin_v for_o the_o sin_n he_o have_v commit_v with_o this_o he_o send_v out_o monk_n every_o where_o to_o pick_v up_o money_n and_o have_v enough_o he_o appoint_v st._n perpetua_n and_o felicity_n day_n to_o be_v that_o in_o which_o he_o will_v lay_v the_o foundation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o work_n from_o some_o fortunate_a name_n may_v be_v auspicious_o begin_v at_o which_o time_n the_o noble_n and_o prelate_n with_o the_o common_a people_n meet_v in_o great_a number_n prayer_n be_v say_v and_o anthem_n sing_v the_o abbot_n himself_o lay_v the_o first_o corner_n stone_n on_o the_o east-side_n after_o he_o every_o noble_a man_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n lay_v his_o stone_n some_o lay_v money_n other_o write_n by_o
william_n de_fw-fr fortibus_fw-la earl_n of_o albemarle_n par._n mat._n par._n like_o a_o rebel_n fortify_v it_o and_o plunder_v the_o whole_a neighbourhood_n lay_v almost_o level_a with_o the_o ground_n afterward_o this_o become_v the_o seat_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o the_o colvill_n colvill_n colvill_n who_o live_v for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o very_o great_a honour_n but_o fail_v in_o ed._n 3.'s_n time_n so_o that_o the_o gernons_n and_o those_o basset_n of_o sapcot_n have_v this_o inheritance_n in_o right_a of_o their_o wife_n a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n witham_n stand_v paunton_n paunton_n paunton_n that_o boast_v very_o much_o of_o its_o antiquity_n chequer_a pavement_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v very_o often_o dig_v up_o in_o it_o and_o there_o be_v here_o former_o a_o bridge_n over_o the_o river_n for_o both_o the_o name_n paunton_n and_o its_o distance_n not_o only_o from_o margidunum_n but_o also_o from_o crococalana_a pontes_n pontes_n do_v evince_n that_o this_o be_v that_o ad_fw-la pontem_fw-la which_v antoninus_n place_n 7_o mile_n from_o margidunum_n for_o antoninus_n call_v that_o town_n crococalana_a which_o we_o name_v ancaster_n be_v at_o this_o time_n only_o one_o direct_a street_n along_o the_o military_a way_n one_o part_n of_o which_o not_o long_o since_o belong_v to_o the_o vescy_n the_o other_o to_o the_o cromwell_n in_o the_o entrance_n on_o the_o south_n i_o see_v a_o trench_n and_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a it_o be_v a_o castle_n former_o as_o also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v to_o be_v see_v certain_a summer_n camp_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v that_o british_a name_n from_o its_o situation_n for_o it_o lie_v under_o a_o hill_n and_o we_o read_v in_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la and_o in_o ninnius_n that_o among_o the_o britain_n cruc_a maur_n signify_v a_o great_a hill_n and_o cruc-occhidient_a a_o mount_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o leave_v other_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n colana_n the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n appear_v by_o roman_a coin_n by_o the_o vault_n that_o be_v often_o discover_v by_o its_o situation_n on_o the_o highway_n and_o by_o the_o fourteen_o mile_n distance_n between_o this_o and_o lincoln_n the_o road_n lie_v through_o a_o green_a plain_n call_v ancaster-heath_n for_o just_a so_o many_o antoninus_n make_v it_o to_o be_v between_o crococalana_a and_o lindum_n but_o let_v we_o follow_v the_o river_n p_o next_o to_o paunton_n q_o be_v to_o be_v see_v grantham_n grantham_n grantham_n a_o town_n of_o no_o small_a resort_n adorn_v with_o a_o school_n build_v by_o richard_n fox_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o with_o a_o fair_a church_n have_v a_o very_a high_a spire_n steeple_n remarkable_a for_o the_o many_o story_n that_o be_v tell_v of_o it_o beneath_o this_o town_n near_o the_o little_a village_n herlaxton_n in_o the_o last_o age_n be_v a_o brazen_a vessel_n plow_v up_o in_o which_o they_o find_v a_o old_a fashion_a gold_n helmet_n hâ—lmâ—t_n a_o golden_a hâ—lmâ—t_n stud_v with_o jewel_n which_o be_v present_v to_o katherine_n of_o spain_n queen_n dowager_z to_z henry_n the_o eight_o from_o hence_o witham_n after_o a_o long_a course_n northwards_o run_v near_o somerton-castle_n dunelmensis_n somâ—rton_n lib._n dunelmensis_n build_v by_o anthony_n bec_n bp._n of_o durham_n by_o who_o it_o be_v give_v to_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o a_o little_a after_o to_o william_n to_o sir_n william_n william_n de_fw-fr bellomont_n bâ—llomont_n lord_n of_o bâ—llomont_n who_o about_o that_o time_n come_v into_o england_n of_o he_o be_v descend_v the_o family_n of_o the_o viscount_n de_fw-fr bellomonte_n which_o in_o the_o last_o age_n be_v almost_o extinct_a the_o sister_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o last_o viscount_n be_v marry_v to_o john_n lord_n lovel_n de_fw-fr tichmersh_n but_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o this_o family_n in_o leicestershire_n from_o hence_o the_o river_n wind_n towards_o the_o south_n east_n through_o a_o fenny_a country_n and_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o german-sea_n a_o little_a below_o boston_n after_o it_o have_v bound_v kesteven_n on_o the_o north._n although_o this_o river_n fall_v from_o a_o steep_a descent_n and_o large_a channel_n into_o the_o sea_n yet_o by_o the_o great_a flood_n in_o the_o winter_n it_o overflow_v the_o fen_n on_o each_o side_n with_o no_o small_a loss_n to_o the_o country_n however_o these_o water_n be_v drain_v in_o the_o spring_n by_o the_o sluice_n call_v by_o they_o goat_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o witham_n lie_v the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o county_n call_v lindsey_n lindsey_n lindsey_n by_o bede_n lindissi_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o shire_n it_o be_v big_a than_o hoiland_n or_o kesleven_n jet_v out_o into_o the_o ocean_n with_o a_o large_a front_n which_o have_v the_o sea_n continual_o ply_v upon_o its_o east_n and_o north_n shore_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o river_n trent_n on_o the_o south_n it_o be_v part_v from_o kesteven_n by_o the_o witham_n and_o the_o foss-dike_a foss-dike_a foss-dike_a seven_a mile_n in_o length_n cut_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o between_o the_o witham_n and_o the_o trent_n hoveden_n hoveden_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o carriage_n from_o lincoln_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o dike_n into_o the_o trent_n stand_v torksey_n torkesey_n torkesey_n in_o saxon_a turcesig_n now_o a_o little_a mean_a town_n but_o heretofore_o very_o note_v for_o there_o be_v in_o it_o before_o the_o norman_a time_n as_o it_o be_v in_o domesday-book_n domesday-book_n domesday-book_n two_o hundred_o burgess_n who_o enjoy_v many_o privilege_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v the_o king_n ambassador_n as_o often_o as_o they_o come_v that_o way_n down_z the_o river_n trent_n in_o their_o own_o barge_n and_o conduct_v they_o as_o far_o as_o york_n r_o at_o the_o join_n of_o this_o dike_n to_o witham_n be_v stand_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o county_n call_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o antoninus_n lindum_n lindum_n lindum_n by_o the_o britain_n lindcoit_n from_o the_o wood_n instead_o whereof_o it_o be_v in_o some_o place_n false_o write_v luitcoit_n lincoln_n lincoln_n bede_n call_v it_o lindecollinum_fw-la and_o the_o city_n lindecollina_fw-la but_o whether_o it_o be_v from_o its_o situation_n on_o a_o hill_n or_o because_o it_o be_v former_o a_o colony_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v the_o saxon_n call_v it_o lindo-collyne_a lind-cyllanceast_a the_o norman_n nichol_n we_o lincoln_n the_o latin_n lincolnia_n from_o whence_o alexander_n necham_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr divina_fw-la sapientia_fw-la lindisiae_fw-la columen_fw-la lincolnia_n sive_fw-la columna_fw-la munifica_fw-la foelix_fw-la gente_fw-la repleta_fw-la bonis_fw-la her_o pillar_n thou_o great_a lincoln_n lindsey_n own_v fame_v for_o thy_o store_n of_o good_n and_o bounteous_a son_n other_o believe_v it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n witham_n which_o say_v they_o be_v former_o call_v lindis_n but_o they_o have_v no_o authority_n so_o this_o be_v a_o bare_a conjecture_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o they_o for_o necham_n himself_o who_o write_v four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o contradict_v they_o and_o call_v this_o river_n witham_n in_o these_o verse_n trenta_fw-la tibi_fw-la pisces_fw-la mittit_fw-la lincolnia_n sâ—d_fw-la te_fw-la nec_fw-la dedigneris_fw-la withama_n parvus_fw-la adit_fw-la trent_n lincoln_n send_v the_o fish_n that_o load_v thy_o hall_n and_o little_a witham_n creep_v along_o thy_o wall_n and_o wait_v on_o thou_o himself_o ah_o be_v not_o proud_a nor_o scorn_v the_o visit_n of_o the_o humble_a flood_n i_o shall_v rather_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o british_a word_n lhin_n which_o with_o they_o signify_v a_o lake_n for_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o the_o citizen_n that_o witham_n be_v wide_a former_o at_o swanpole_n below_o the_o city_n although_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n very_o broad_a i_o need_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o lindaw_n in_o germany_n stand_v by_o the_o lake_n acronius_n to_o confirm_v it_o nor_o of_o linternum_n in_o italy_n situate_v upon_o a_o lake_n since_o tall-hin_a glan-lhin_a linlithquo_n be_v town_n in_o our_o country_n of_o britain_n stand_v upon_o lake_n the_o city_n itself_o be_v very_o large_a and_o much_o resort_v to_o be_v build_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o note_a hill_n where_o the_o witham_n wind_v about_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o channel_n water_v the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o that_o the_o ancient_a lindum_n of_o the_o britain_n stand_v on_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o hill_n of_o a_o very_a difficult_a ascent_n and_o lie_v much_o far_o extend_v in_o length_n northward_o than_o the_o gate_n newport_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o plain_a sign_n of_o a_o rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n still_o visible_a vortimer_n that_o warlike_a britain_n who_o have_v very_o often_o rout_v
ware_n and_o trade_n howbeit_o exceed_v much_o frequent_v for_o the_o corn-fair_a there_o hold_v this_o have_v for_o a_o near_a neighbour_n arrow_n according_a to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n who_o lord_n thomas_n burdet_n for_o his_o dependence_n upon_o george_n duke_n of_o clarence_n word_n unadvised_o utter_v and_o hardly_o construe_v through_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n lose_v his_o life_n but_o by_o his_o granddaughter_n marry_v to_o edward_n conway_n brother_n to_o sir_n hugh_n conway_n of_o wales_n a_o gracious_a favourite_n of_o k._n hen._n 7._o the_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o conways_n have_v ever_o since_o flourish_v and_o laudable_o follow_v the_o profession_n of_o arms._n but_o from_o a_o very_a great_a town_n it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o small_a market_n though_o very_o note_v for_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n o_fw-la high_a north-east_n where_o the_o country_n be_v not_o so_o thick_o clothe_v with_o wood_n stand_v wroxhall_n wroâ—hâ—ll_n wroâ—hâ—ll_n where_o hugo_n de_fw-fr hatton_n build_v a_o little_a monastery_n or_o priory_n and_o badesley_n baddesâ—ey_n baddesâ—ey_n former_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o clinton_n now_o of_o the_o ferrars_n and_o balshall_n baâ—shaâ—l_n baâ—shaâ—l_n heretofore_o a_o preceptory_a of_o the_o templar_n which_o roger_n the_o mowbray_n give_v they_o jâ—rusâ—â—em_n register_n of_o the_o templar_n and_o of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jâ—rusâ—â—em_n who_o munificence_n to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o knights-templar_n be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o by_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n they_o decree_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o pardon_v any_o brother_n who_o have_v transgress_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o order_n provide_v he_o come_v and_o acknowledge_v his_o crime_n before_o this_o their_o benefactor_n and_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n to_o who_o all_o the_o 2._o the_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o place_n the_o tenant_n can_v not_o marry_v their_o daughter_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o fraternity_n of_o templar_n or_o hospitaler_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o account_n take_v 31_o hen._n 2._o possession_n of_o the_o templar_n in_o england_n be_v assign_v for_o to_o give_v to_o profane_a use_n thing_n once_o consecrate_v to_o god_n our_o ancestor_n think_v a_o crime_n not_o to_o be_v atone_v for_o in_o testimony_n of_o their_o gratitude_n grant_v to_o john_n mowbray_n de_fw-fr axholm_n tempâ—ariâ—_n see_v the_o stat._n aâ—_n tempâ—ariâ—_n successor_n of_o the_o say_v roger_n that_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n at_o every_o of_o the_o assembly_n of_o their_o order_n shall_v be_v receive_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o sovereign_a prince_n more_o to_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o chase_n and_o park_n a_o confluence_n of_o little_a stream_n form_v a_o lake_n which_o be_v present_o confine_v within_o bank_n make_v a_o channel_n or_o kennel_n upon_o this_o stand_v kenelworth_n kilâ—ingworth_n kenelworth_n commâ—â—_n kilâ—ingworth_n heretofore_o vulgar_o call_v kenelworda_n and_o corrupt_o killingworth_n from_o this_o town_n a_o most_o noble_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a castle_n encompass_v with_o a_o chase_n and_o park_n take_v its_o name_n it_o be_v build_v neither_o by_o kenulphus_n nor_o kenelmus_fw-la nor_o kineglisus_n as_o some_o historian_n have_v dream_v but_o by_o geoffrey_n de_fw-fr clinton_n lord_n chamberlain_n to_o king_n henry_n 1._o and_o his_o son_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o authentic_a evidence_n after_o he_o have_v found_v there_o a_o monastery_n for_o canon_n regular_a but_o henry_n his_o prâ—nâ—â—_n his_o prâ—nâ—â—_n great_a grandchild_n want_v issue_n sell_v it_o to_o king_n hen._n 3._o who_o grant_v it_o to_o simon_n de_fw-fr montefort_n earl_n of_o leicester_n with_o eleanor_n his_o sister_n for_o her_o portion_n but_o present_o after_o this_o bond_n of_o amity_n and_o friendship_n be_v break_v and_o earl_n simon_n after_o dismal_a commotion_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o baron_n war_n sovereign_n war_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v upon_o fair_a pretext_n against_o his_o sovereign_n the_o castle_n endure_v a_o siege_n of_o six_o month_n and_o at_o last_o be_v surrender_v to_o king_n hen._n 3._o lancaster_n 3._o who_o annex_v this_o castle_n as_o a_o inheritance_n to_o edmund_n his_o son_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n who_o make_v it_o part_v of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lancastrian_n family_n at_o which_o time_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v the_o edict_n which_o our_o lawyer_n stile_n dictum_fw-la de_fw-fr kenelworth_n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n shall_v pay_v five_o year_n value_n of_o all_o their_o land_n etc._n etc._n a_o very_a wholesome_a piece_n of_o severity_n without_o effusion_n of_o blood_n to_o check_v those_o seditious_a spirit_n so_o pernicious_a to_o the_o government_n who_o only_a hope_n be_v place_v in_o the_o distraction_n of_o the_o state_n at_o that_o time_n but_o now_o of_o late_a by_o the_o royal_a munificence_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n it_o become_v the_o seat_n of_o robert_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leicester_n who_o in_o rebuilding_n and_o adorn_v it_o spare_v no_o cost_n so_o that_o if_o you_o regard_v the_o magnificence_n of_o building_n and_o nobleness_n of_o the_o chase_n and_o park_n lie_v round_o and_o belong_v to_o it_o it_o may_v claim_v a_o second_o place_n among_o the_o stately_a castle_n of_o england_n p_o from_o hence_o that_o i_o may_v pursue_v the_o same_o course_n i_o do_v in_o my_o journey_n i_o see_v solyhill_n in_o which_o be_v nothing_o worth_a see_v beside_o the_o church_n next_o bremicham_n bromicham_n bromicham_n swarm_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o echo_v with_o the_o noise_n of_o anvil_n for_o here_o be_v great_a number_n of_o smith_n the_o low_a part_n be_v very_o watery_a the_o upper_a rise_v with_o abundance_n of_o handsome_a building_n and_o it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o honour_n of_o the_o place_n that_o from_o hence_o the_o noble_a and_o warlike_a family_n of_o the_o bremicham_n etc._n bremicham_n earl_n of_o louth_n etc._n etc._n in_o ireland_n have_v both_o their_o original_n and_o name_n from_o thence_o in_o the_o extreme_a point_n of_o this_o county_n northward_o lie_v sutton_n colefield_n in_o a_o foresty_n unkind_a and_o barren_a soil_n boast_v of_o its_o native_a john_n voisy_a bishop_n of_o exeter_n who_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n 3._o raise_v up_o this_o little_a town_n then_o ruinous_a and_o decay_a and_o adorn_v it_o with_o fair_a building_n great_a privilege_n and_o a_o grammar-school_n q_o from_o hence_o go_v southward_a i_o come_v to_o colesâ—ud_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o clinton_n r_o and_o neighbour_n to_o this_o be_v maxtock-castle_n which_o in_o a_o continue_a succession_n have_v for_o its_o lord_n the_o lindsey_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o wolverly_n the_o odingsell_n have_v their_o original_n from_o flanders_n and_o the_o clinton_n who_o have_v be_v very_o eminent_a in_o this_o county_n low_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o woody_a country_n be_v seat_v coventry_n so_o call_v as_o i_o conjecture_v from_o a_o convent_n for_o such_o a_o convent_n in_o our_o tongue_n we_o call_v a_o covent_n or_o covenn_n and_o frequent_o in_o our_o history_n and_o in_o the_o pontifical_a decree_n this_o be_v call_v conventria_n as_o particular_o in_o that_o godwin_n that_o this_o must_v relate_v to_o alexander_n de_fw-fr savensby_n who_o be_v consecrate_v 1224._o and_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n honorius_n 3_o he_o be_v a_o very_a learned_a man_n but_o pretend_v to_o vision_n and_o apparition_n scarce_o credible_a say_v bishop_n godwin_n either_o the_o bishop_n of_o conventry_n be_v not_o in_o his_o right_a wit_n or_o he_o seem_v wilful_o to_o have_v quit_v common_a sense_n yet_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v have_v the_o name_n take_v from_o a_o rivulet_n run_v through_o it_o at_o this_o day_n call_v shirburn_n and_o in_o a_o old_a charter_n of_o the_o priory_n â—â—cret_a â—conâ—_n 3._o p._n 14._o â—â—cret_a cuentford_n whencesoever_o the_o name_n be_v take_v this_o city_n some_o age_n since_o be_v enrich_v with_o the_o manufacture_n decay_v manufacture_n now_o both_o these_o trade_n be_v much_o decay_v of_o clothing_n and_o cap_n be_v the_o only_a mart-town_n of_o this_o country_n and_o of_o great_a resort_n than_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o its_o midland_n situation_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v large_a and_o neat_a fortify_v with_o very_o strong_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o beautiful_a building_n among_o which_o two_o church_n of_o excellent_a architecture_n stand_v near_o together_o as_o it_o be_v rival_v each_o other_o the_o one_o dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a trinity_n the_o other_o to_o st._n michael_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o very_o great_a antiquity_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a monument_n be_v the_o religious-house_n or_o priory_n who_o ruin_n i_o see_v near_o these_o two_o church_n this_o king_n
baron_n to_o john_n beauchamp_n steward_n of_o the_o household_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o who_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n create_v he_o baron_n beauchamp_n of_o kidderminster_n kâ—dderâ—â—â—r_n baron_fw-fr beauchamp_n 〈◊〉_d kâ—dderâ—â—â—r_n soon_o after_o this_o he_o with_o many_o other_o eminent_a person_n in_o defiance_n of_o that_o king_n be_v condemn_v and_o behead_v by_o the_o baron_n who_o make_v a_o insurrection_n with_o the_o commons_o in_o contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n call_v all_o his_o prime_a favourite_n to_o account_v for_o maladministration_n hence_o severn_n take_v somewhat_o a_o oblique_a course_n salute_v hertlebury_n hertlebury_n hertlebury_n a_o castle_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n â—â—â—cts_n 〈◊〉_d in_o old_a â—â—glish_fw-fr â—â—â—ds_n or_o â—â—â—cts_n not_o far_o distant_a and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o holt_n which_o have_v that_o name_n from_o the_o thick_a wood_n a_o castle_n ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o abtot_n and_o since_o to_o the_o beauchamp_n who_o spring_v from_o william_n beauchamp_n surname_v the_o blind_a baron_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o very_a honourable_a family_n who_o estate_n after_o some_o time_n by_o heirs-female_a come_v to_o the_o guise_n and_o penistones_n e_fw-la in_o its_o passage_n downward_o severn_n feed_v such_o a_o number_n of_o river-lamprey_n lamprey_n lamprey_n that_o nature_n seem_v to_o have_v make_v a_o pond_n for_o they_o in_o this_o place_n such_o as_o the_o roman_n ancient_o invent_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o luxury_n lamprey_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a lampetra_n from_o lick_v the_o rock_n they_o be_v like_o eel_n slippery_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a colour_n only_o somewhat_o blueish_a on_o the_o belly_n on_o each_o side_n the_o throat_n they_o have_v seven_o hole_n at_o which_o they_o receive_v water_n have_v no_o gills_o at_o all_o they_o be_v best_a in_o season_n in_o the_o spring_n as_o be_v then_o of_o a_o most_o delicious_a taste_n whereas_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o string_n within_o they_o which_o do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o backbone_n grow_v hard_a the_o italian_n do_v much_o improve_v the_o delicacy_n of_o their_o taste_n by_o a_o particular_a way_n of_o dress_v they_o first_o they_o kill_v the_o fish_n in_o cretico_n in_o vino_fw-la cretico_n malvesey_n and_o stop_v the_o mouth_n with_o a_o nutmeg_n and_o reach_v hole_n with_o a_o clove_n then_o roll_v they_o up_o round_o they_o add_v the_o kernel_n of_o filbird_n stamp_v crumb_n of_o bread_n oil_n malvesey_n and_o spice_n stew_a they_o all_o together_o careful_o in_o a_o pan_n over_o a_o moderate_a fire_n for_o some_o little_a time_n but_o to_o instruct_v cook_n and_o epicure_n be_v no_o business_n of_o i_o below_o holt_n severn_n open_v its_o eastern_a bank_n to_o receive_v the_o river_n salwarp_n hol._n salwarp_n this_o have_v its_o first_o vein_n out_o of_o the_o lickey-hill_n most_o eminent_a in_o the_o north-part_n of_o this_o shire_n near_o unto_o which_o at_o frankley_n the_o family_n of_o the_o littleton_n be_v plant_v by_o †_o john_n littleton_n alias_o westcote_n the_o famous_a lawyer_n justice_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o to_o who_o treatise_n of_o tenor_n the_o student_n of_o our_o common_a law_n be_v no_o less_o beholden_a than_o the_o civilian_n to_o justinian_n institutes_n hol._n which_o rise_v in_o the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n run_v by_o brome's-grave_n bromesgrave_n bromesgrave_n a_o very_a considerable_a market-town_n not_o far_o from_o grafton_n grafton_n grafton_n a_o seat_n of_o the_o renown_a family_n of_o the_o talbot_n which_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o give_v to_o gilbert_n talbot_n a_o young_a son_n of_o john_n the_o second_o earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n who_o for_o his_o bravery_n in_o war_n and_o his_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n he_o also_o make_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o governor_n of_o calais_n in_o france_n f_o from_o brome's-grave_n salwarp_n proceed_v to_o droitwich_n 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de_fw-fr la_fw-fr which_o which_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr which_o bishop_n of_o chichester_n who_o be_v bear_v here_o do_v by_o his_o prayer_n obtain_v these_o salt-spring_n i_o be_o afraid_a some_o will_v censure_v i_o as_o very_o injurious_a to_o the_o divine_a providence_n and_o over-credulous_a of_o old_a wife_n fable_n nevertheless_o so_o great_a be_v the_o pious_a credulity_n of_o our_o ancestor_n that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o believe_v it_o firm_o themselves_o and_o transmit_v it_o in_o write_v to_o we_o but_o also_o upon_o that_o account_n pay_v he_o honour_n in_o a_o manner_n divine_a when_o for_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o canon-law_n and_o sanctity_n of_o life_n he_o be_v solemn_o canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n by_o urban_n the_o four_o yet_o before_o this_o richard_n be_v bear_v gervase_n of_o tilbury_n write_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o these_o spring_n though_o not_o exact_o true_a in_o the_o diocese_n of_o worcester_n there_o be_v a_o village_n not_o far_o from_o that_o city_n name_v which_o where_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n there_o run_v a_o stream_n of_o very_o sweet_a water_n on_o the_o bank_n hereof_o be_v certain_a pit_n few_o in_o number_n and_o of_o no_o great_a depth_n who_o water_n be_v extreme_o salt_n which_o boil_v in_o pan_n condense_v into_o very_o white_a salt_n all_o the_o country_n report_n that_o from_o christmas_n to_o midsummer_n there_o come_v up_o very_o strong_a brine_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n the_o water_n be_v somewhat_o fresh_a and_o unfit_a to_o make_v salt_n and_o which_o i_o think_v more_o wonderful_a when_o the_o water_n parum_fw-la water_n mr._n camden_n cite_v gervase_n of_o tilbury_n in_o the_o margin_n have_v locus_fw-la corruptus_fw-la and_o by_o a_o asterisk_n direct_v to_o these_o word_n oportuni_fw-la partem_fw-la which_o i_o guess_v shall_v be_v thus_o correct_v oportuna_fw-la parum_fw-la not_o strong_a enough_o for_o make_v salt_n rise_v it_o scarce_o ever_o run_v 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antoninus_n mention_n it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o branonium_n and_o ptolemy_n in_o who_o by_o the_o transcriber_n negligence_n it_o be_v misplace_v by_o the_o name_n of_o branogenium_n branogenium_n branogenium_n whence_o the_o britain_n or_o welsh_n call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n cair_a vrangon_n and_o in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o ninnius_n it_o be_v caer_fw-mi guorangon_n and_o caer_n guorcon_n afterward_o the_o saxon_n call_v it_o weogare-ceast_a wegeorna-ceast_a and_o wire-ceast_a perhaps_o from_o wire_n a_o woody_a forest_n adjoin_v in_o latin_a it_o be_v wigornia_n one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o mention_n it_o by_o that_o name_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v joseph_n of_o exeter_n the_o most_o elegant_a poet_n of_o that_o age_n who_o book_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o cornelius_n nepos_n in_o these_o verse_n to_o baldwin_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o numerum_fw-la jam_fw-la crescit_fw-la honour_n te_fw-la tertia_fw-la poscit_fw-la infula_fw-la jam_fw-la meminit_fw-la wigornia_n cantia_n discit_fw-la romanus_n meditatur_fw-la apex_n &_o
the_o people_n tacitus_n tacitus_n tacitus_n imagine_v they_o to_o have_v come_v first_o from_o iberia_n upon_o account_n of_o their_o vultus_fw-la their_o colorati_fw-la vultus_fw-la ruddy_a complexion_n their_o curl_a hair_n and_o their_o situation_n over_o against_o spain_n but_o florianus_n del_fw-it campo_n a_o spaniard_n be_v very_o positive_a in_o that_o matter_n and_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o find_v the_o silures_n in_o spain_n and_o to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o i_o know_v not_o what_o story_n about_o soloria_n and_o siloria_fw-la among_o the_o old_a astures_n however_o this_o country_n be_v very_o large_a for_o it_o seem_v probable_a from_o pliny_n and_o tacitus_n that_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o all_o south-wales_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v hardy_a stout_a warlike_a averse_a to_o servitude_n of_o great_a boldness_n and_o resolution_n term_v by_o the_o roman_n pervicacia_fw-la roman_n pervicacia_fw-la obstinacy_n and_o stubbornness_n not_o to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o either_o by_o threat_n or_o kindness_n and_o their_o posterity_n have_v not_o degenerate_v in_o any_o of_o these_o particular_n when_o the_o roman_n out_o of_o a_o itch_a desire_n of_o enlarge_a their_o empire_n make_v attempt_n upon_o they_o xlvii_o see_v pag._n xlvii_o they_o partly_o repose_v a_o confidence_n in_o the_o courage_n and_o conduct_n of_o king_n caratacus_n and_o partly_o incense_v by_o a_o say_n of_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v as_o entire_o rout_v as_o the_o sugambri_n have_v be_v engage_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o very_a troublesome_a and_o difficult_a war_n for_o have_v intercept_v the_o auxiliary_a troop_n cut_v off_o the_o legion_n under_o marius_n valens_n and_o waste_v the_o territory_n of_o their_o ally_n p._n ostorius_n propraetor_n in_o britain_n be_v quite_o wear_v out_o with_o all_o these_o cross_n and_o die_v of_o grief_n veranius_n too_o who_o govern_v britain_n under_o nero_n be_v baffle_v in_o this_o enterprise_n against_o they_o for_o where_o tacitus_n say_v fourteen_o tacit._n annal_n l._n fourteen_o illu_z modicis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la sylvas_fw-la populatum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o he_o destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o wood_n with_o slight_a excursion_n instead_o of_o sylvas_fw-la with_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n only_o read_v siluras_n and_o all_o be_v right_a nor_o can_v a_o end_n be_v make_v of_o this_o war_n before_o vespasian_n reign_n for_o then_o julius_n frontinus_n subdue_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o quiet_a by_o garrison_n of_o the_o legion_n a_o certain_a countryman_n of_o we_o have_v wrest_v that_o verse_n of_o juvenal_n upon_o crispinus_n to_o these_o silures_n magnâ_fw-la qui_fw-la voce_fw-la solebat_fw-la vendere_fw-la municipes_fw-la fractâ_fw-la de_fw-la merce_v siluros_fw-la who_o with_o hideous_a cry_n bawl_v out_o his_o break_a sturgeon_n in_o the_o street_n as_o if_o some_o of_o our_o silures_n have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o expose_v to_o sale_n at_o rome_n but_o take_v it_o upon_o my_o word_n he_o have_v mistake_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o poet._n for_o any_o one_o that_o read_v that_o passage_n with_o attention_n will_v quick_o perceive_v that_o by_o siluros_n he_o design_n to_o express_v a_o sort_n of_o fish_n and_o not_o a_o people_n herefordshire_n herefordshire_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n ereinuc_fw-la be_v in_o a_o manner_n of_o a_o circular_a form_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n and_o gloucester_n on_o the_o south_n with_o monmouth_n on_o the_o west_n with_o radnor_n and_o breknock_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o shropshire_n a_o country_n beside_o its_o pleasantness_n both_o for_o feed_v of_o cattle_n and_o produce_v of_o corn_n every_o where_n of_o a_o excellent_a soil_n and_o admirable_o well_o provide_v with_o all_o necessary_n for_o life_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v scorn_v to_o come_v behind_o any_o county_n in_o england_n for_o fruitfulness_n of_o soil_n england_n soil_n and_o therefore_o say_v that_o for_o three_o w._n w._n w._n wheat_n wool_n and_o water_n it_o yield_v to_o no_o shire_n of_o england_n to_o which_o excellency_n be_v to_o be_v add_v its_o fine_a river_n the_o wye_n the_o lugier_n and_o the_o munow_v which_o after_o they_o have_v water_v the_o verdant_a flowery_a meadow_n and_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a cornfield_n at_o last_o have_v their_o conflux_n and_o in_o one_o channel_n pass_v to_o the_o severn-sea_n asleep_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d river_n 〈◊〉_d the_o munow_n have_v its_o rise_n in_o hatterell-hill_n which_o shoot_v up_o aloft_o look_v as_o it_o be_v like_o a_o chair_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o wall_n to_o this_o shire_n on_o the_o south-west-side_n hence_o the_o river_n descend_v first_o struggle_v southward_o along_o the_o foot_n of_o these_o hill_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o blestium_fw-la a_o town_n so_o place_v by_o antoninus_n that_o both_o for_o situation_n and_o distance_n it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o stand_v upon_o this_o river_n town_n 〈◊〉_d town_n be_v by_o the_o britain_n call_v castle_n hean_n that_o be_v the_o old_a castle_n by_o we_o the_o old_a town_n a_o inconsiderable_a village_n but_o nevertheless_o this_o new_a name_n make_v much_o for_o its_o antiquity_n for_o in_o both_o tongue_n it_o sound_v a_o old_a castle_n or_o town_n next_o to_o this_o lie_v alterynnis_n surround_v with_o water_n cecil_n alterynnis_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o cecil_n as_o it_o be_v a_o island_n in_o a_o river_n the_o seat_n in_o former_a age_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o sitsilter_n or_o cecil_n whence_o my_o right_a honourable_a patron_n high_o accomplish_v with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o virtue_n wisdom_n and_o nobility_n sir_n william_n cecil_n baron_n of_o burghley_n and_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n be_v descend_v from_o hence_o the_o munow_v turn_v eastward_o for_o a_o good_a way_n part_v this_o province_n from_o monmouthshire_n and_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o river_n door_n at_o map-harald_n or_o harald_n ewias_n harald-ewias_a harald-ewias_a a_o castle_n this_o ewias-castle_n to_o give_v you_o the_o word_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o be_v book_n be_v repair_v by_o alured_n of_o marleberg_n ewias_n the_o family_n of_o ewias_n afterward_o it_o belong_v to_o one_o harald_n a_o nobleman_n who_o arms._n their_o arms._n in_o a_o shield_n argent_fw-fr bear_v a_o fess_n gules_a between_o three_o estoile_n sable_a from_o who_o it_o first_o take_v the_o name_n of_o harold_n ewias_n but_o sibyl_n his_o great-grand-daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n transfer_v it_o by_o marriage_n to_o the_o lord_n tregoz_n grandison_n tregoz_fw-mi and_o grandison_n from_o who_o it_o come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o grandison_n original_o of_o burgundy_n of_o who_o elsewhere_o now_o the_o door_n abovementioned_a fall_v down_o from_o the_o north_n by_o snotthill_n a_o castle_n vale._n gidden_n vale._n and_o sometime_o the_o barony_n of_o robert_n chandois_n where_o there_o be_v a_o quarry_n of_o excellent_a marble_n cut_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o valley_n which_o the_o britain_n from_o the_o river_n call_v diffrin_n door_n but_o the_o english_a that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o express_v the_o force_n of_o that_o word_n have_v term_v it_o the_o golden_a vale._n which_o name_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v to_o deserve_v for_o its_o golden_a rich_a and_o pleasant_a fertility_n for_o the_o hill_n that_o encompass_v it_o on_o both_o side_n be_v clothe_v with_o wood_n under_o the_o wood_n lie_v cornfield_n on_o each_o hand_n and_o under_o those_o field_n lovely_a and_o gallant_a meadow_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o glide_v a_o clear_a and_o crystal_n river_n on_o which_o robert_n earl_n of_o ewias_n erect_v a_o fine_a monastery_n wherein_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o these_o part_n be_v bury_v part_v of_o this_o county_n which_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n now_o call_v irchenfeld_n irchenfeld_n irchenfeld_n in_o domesday_n archenfeld_n be_v as_o historian_n write_v lay_v waste_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n by_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o year_n 715_o camalac_n a_o british_a bishop_n be_v then_o carry_v away_o captive_a herein_o once_o stand_v kilpec_n a_o note_a castle_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o kilpec_n kilpec_n kilpec_n who_o as_o some_o report_n be_v champion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o i_o be_o very_o willing_a to_o believe_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o robert_z wallerond_n live_v here_o who_o nepos_n who_o nepos_n nephew_n alane_n plugenet_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o a_o baron_n in_o this_o archenfeld_n likewise_o as_o we_o read_v in_o domesday-book_n certain_a revenue_n by_o a_o old_a custom_n be_v assign_v to_o one_o or_o two_o priest_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v go_v in_o embassy_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a book_n the_o man_n
land_n beyond_o this_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o north_n call_v by_o the_o native_n melienydh_n â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi from_o the_o yellowish_a mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o barren_a and_o hungry_a soil_n which_o notwithstanding_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a castle_n â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—n_fw-la y_fw-mi â—â—s_o â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n but_o especial_o of_o keun_n lhys_n and_o tinbod_v stand_v ‖_o on_o the_o summit_n of_o a_o cope_v hill_n and_o be_v destroy_v by_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o country_n of_o melienydh_n reach_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n b_o which_o cross_v the_o western_a angle_n of_o the_o county_n and_o have_v it_o be_v rapid_a course_n somewhat_o abate_v by_o the_o rock_n it_o meet_v with_o and_o its_o channel_n discontinue_v it_o sudden_o fall_v headlong_o over_o a_o steep_a precipice_n whence_o the_o place_n be_v call_v rhà iadr_n gŵy_o gwy_n rhaiadr_n gwy_n which_o imply_v as_o much_o as_o the_o cataract_n or_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n wye_n c_o and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o english_a may_v not_o from_o that_o word_n rhà iadr_n impose_v the_o name_n of_o radnor_n first_o on_o the_o county_n and_o afterward_o on_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o by_o this_o cataract_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n which_o as_o we_o find_v it_o record_v be_v repair_v by_o rhÅ·s_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o near_o this_o place_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a wilderness_n dismal_a to_o behold_v by_o reason_n of_o many_o crooked_a way_n and_o high_a mountain_n into_o which_o as_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o refuge_n that_o bane_n of_o his_o native_a country_n king_n vortigern_n vortigern_n vortigern_n who_o very_a memory_n the_o britain_n curse_n withdraw_v himself_o when_o he_o have_v at_o last_o serious_o repent_v of_o his_o abominable_a wickedness_n in_o call_v in_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o incestuous_o marry_v his_o own_o daughter_n but_o god_n vengeance_n pursue_v he_o he_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n together_o with_o his_o city_n kaer-gwortigern_a which_o he_o have_v build_v for_o his_o refuge_n nor_o be_v it_o far_o from_o hence_o as_o if_o the_o place_n be_v fatal_a that_o not_o only_o this_o vortigern_n the_o last_o british_a monarch_n of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o british_a line_n be_v betray_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1282._o end_v his_o life_n from_o this_o vortigern_n ninnius_n call_v that_o small_a region_n gwortiger_n mawr_n nor_o be_v the_o name_n yet_o lose_v but_o of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v not_o any_o memorial_n but_o what_o we_o have_v from_o author_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o castle_n of_o gwthrènion_n gwerthrynion_n gwerthrynion_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o which_o the_o welshman_n for_o their_o hatred_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n lay_v even_o with_o the_o ground_n an._n 1201._o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v be_v also_o call_v gwarth_a ennion_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o ninnius_n who_o write_v that_o the_o forementioned_a vortigern_n when_o he_o be_v public_o and_o sharp_o reprove_v by_o st._n german_n do_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o his_o obstinacy_n and_o wicked_a practice_n but_o also_o cast_v false_a and_o malicious_a reproach_n on_o that_o godly_a saint_n wherefore_o say_v ninnius_n vortimer_n the_o son_n of_o vortigern_n ordain_v that_o the_o land_n where_o the_o bishop_n have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o indignity_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o for_o ever_o just_o guarth_n in_o british_a calumny_n and_o eniaw_v just_o upon_o which_o and_o in_o memory_n of_o st._n german_n it_o have_v be_v call_v gwarth_a enian_a which_o in_o english_a signify_v a_o slander_n just_o requite_v the_o mortimer_n descend_v from_o the_o niece_n of_o gonora_n wife_n of_o rich._n 1._o duke_n of_o normandy_n 10._o earl_n of_o march_n g._n gemet_n l._n ult_n c._n 10._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v overcome_v edric_n wild._n edric_n weald_n or_o wild._n sylvaticus_fw-la a_o saxon_a gain_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o this_o small_a territory_n and_o have_v continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o leading-man_n of_o the_o county_n at_o length_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o wigmore_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o march_n by_o edw._n 3._o about_o 1328._o who_o soon_o after_o be_v sentence_v to_o death_n have_v be_v accuse_v of_o insolence_n to_o the_o state_n of_o favour_v the_o scot_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o england_n of_o converse_v over-familiar_o with_o the_o king_n mother_n and_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 2._o he_o have_v by_o his_o wife_n jane_n jenevil_n 3._o lâ—b_n monast_n lanthony_n 29_o ed._n 3._o who_o bring_v he_o large_a revenue_n as_o well_o in_o ireland_n as_o england_n a_o son_n call_v edmund_n who_o suffer_v for_o his_o father_n crime_n and_o be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o inheritance_n and_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n but_o his_o son_n roger_n be_v receive_v into_o favour_n and_o have_v not_o only_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n restore_v but_o be_v also_o create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o that_o noble_a order_n this_o roger_n marry_v philippe_n montague_n by_o who_o he_o have_v edmund_n earl_n of_o march_n who_o marry_v philippe_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o leonel_n duke_n of_o clarence_n the_o three_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n 3._o whereby_o he_o obtain_v the_o earldom_n of_o ulster_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o clare_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o ireland_n where_o he_o have_v govern_v with_o general_a applause_n his_o son_n roger_n succeed_v be_v both_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o ulster_n who_o king_n richard_n design_v his_o successor_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n the_o next_o heir_n but_o he_o die_v before_o king_n richard_n left_a issue_n edmund_n and_o anne_n king_n henry_n 4._o who_o have_v usurp_v the_o government_n suspect_v edmund_n interest_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n expose_v he_o to_o many_o hazard_n insomuch_o that_o be_v take_v by_o the_o rebel_n owen_n glyndwr_a he_o die_v of_o grief_n and_o discontent_n leave_v his_o sister_n anne_n to_o inherit_v she_o be_v marry_v to_o richard_n plantagenet_n earl_n of_o cambridge_n who_o posterity_n in_o her_o right_n become_v afterward_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n county_z see_v in_o yâ—â—â—shire_n towards_o â—â—e_z end_n of_o â—â—e_z county_z which_o in_o the_o end_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v elsewhere_o they_o obtain_v and_o edward_n the_o four_o elder_a son_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n etc._n etc._n have_v also_o confer_v on_o he_o as_o a_o additional_a honour_n the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n as_o for_o the_o title_n of_o radnor_n 1679._o radnor_n it_o be_v confer_v upon_o john_n roberts_n lord_n roberts_n of_o truro_n 23_o jul._n 1679._o no_o man_n ever_o boâ—e_n it_o separately_z that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o this_o county_n be_v 52_o parish_n addition_n to_o radnorshire_n asleep_o the_o first_o place_n of_o considerable_a antiquity_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o country_n be_v clawdh_n offa_n offa._n extent_n of_o clawdh_n offa._n the_o trace_v whereof_o give_v we_o the_o exact_a bound_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n it_o may_v be_v see_v on_o brachy-hill_n and_o near_o rÅ·hd_v be_v helig_n and_o lanterden_n in_o herefordshire_n and_o be_v continue_v northwards_o from_o knighton_n over_o a_o part_n of_o shropshire_n into_o mongomeryshire_n and_o may_v be_v trace_v over_o the_o long_a mountain_n call_v in_o welsh_a keun_n digolh_n to_o harden_n castle_n across_o the_o severn_n and_o lhan_n drinio-common_a from_o whence_o it_o pass_v the_o vyrnwy_n again_o into_o shropshire_n not_o far_o from_o oswaldstry_n where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o small_a village_n call_v trevyrclawdh_n in_o denbighshire_n it_o be_v visible_a along_o the_o road_n between_o rhywabon_n and_o wrexham_n fâ—om_o whence_o be_v continue_v through_o flintshire_n it_o end_v a_o little_a below_o holywell_n where_o that_o water_n fall_v into_o dee_n at_o a_o place_n former_o the_o site_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o basingwerk_n this_o limit_n seem_v not_o afterward_o well_o maintain_v by_o the_o english_a for_o although_o we_o find_v that_o the_o british_a tongue_n decrease_v daily_o on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n yet_o not_o only_o that_o language_n but_o also_o the_o ancient_a british_a custom_n and_o name_n of_o man_n and_o place_n remain_v still_o for_o some_o space_n on_o the_o english_a side_n almost_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o b_o the_o word_n gwy_n or_o why_o signify_v gwy_a or_o why_o what_o it_o signify_v though_o it_o be_v here_o the_o name_n of_o a_o river_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o appellative_a word_n either_o for_o
illustration_n of_o roman_a author_n as_o well_o as_o their_o coin_n statue_n altar_n etc._n etc._n that_o whereof_o i_o have_v give_v a_o figure_n represent_v to_o we_o first_o as_o a_o emblem_n of_o piety_n the_o celebrate_a history_n of_o the_o woman_n at_o rome_n who_o be_v deny_v the_o liberty_n of_o relieve_v her_o father_n in_o prison_n with_o any_o food_n yet_o obtain_v free_a access_n to_o he_o feed_v he_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o she_o own_o breast_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o in_o pliny_n 36._o pliny_n hist_o nat._n l._n 7._o c._n 36._o and_o most_o print_a copy_n of_o such_o author_n as_o mention_v this_o history_n we_o be_v inform_v she_o exercise_v this_o piety_n to_o her_o mother_n but_o this_o figure_n though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o obscure_a seem_v to_o represent_v a_o beard_a man_n however_o whether_o i_o mistake_v the_o figure_n or_o whether_o we_o may_v read_v with_o festus_n patre_fw-la not_o master_n carcere_fw-la incluso_fw-la or_o rather_o suppose_v the_o tradition_n erroneous_a in_o some_o province_n at_o least_o among_o the_o vulgar_a roman_n that_o the_o same_o history_n be_v hereby_o intend_v be_v sufficient_o evident_a in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o find_v a_o auspex_fw-la or_o soothsayer_n look_v upward_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o bird_n or_o rather_o perhaps_o a_o cupid_n according_a to_o the_o potter_n fancy_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o soothsayer_n and_o in_o the_o three_o a_o woman_n sacrifice_v with_o vervain_n and_o frankincense_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o the_o plant_n on_o the_o altar_n be_v no_o other_o than_o vervein_n and_o that_o the_o woman_n reach_v her_o hand_n towards_o the_o altar_n be_v cast_v frankincense_n on_o the_o vervein_n seem_v very_o probable_a for_o we_o find_v that_o woman_n a_o little_a before_o their_o time_n of_o lie_v in_o sacrifice_v to_o lucina_n with_o vervein_n and_o frankincense_n thus_o the_o harlot_n phronesium_n in_o plautus_n trucul_fw-la act_n 2._o scen._n 5._o pretend_v she_o be_v to_o lie_v in_o bidâ—_n her_o maid_n provide_v her_o sweetmeat_n oil_n of_o cinnamon_n myrrh_n and_o vervein_n date_fw-la mihi_fw-la huc_fw-la stactam_fw-la atque_fw-la ignem_fw-la in_o aram_fw-la ut_fw-la venerem_fw-la lucinam_fw-la meam_fw-la hic_fw-la apponite_fw-la atque_fw-la abite_fw-la ab_fw-la oculis_fw-la ubi_fw-la es_fw-la astaphium_n fer_fw-fr huc_fw-la verbenam_fw-la mihi_fw-la thus_o &_o bellaria_fw-la we_o may_v also_o collect_v out_o of_o virgil_n 6._o virgil_n eâ—â—â—_n l._n ver_fw-la 6._o that_o woman_n sacrifice_v with_o vervein_n and_o frankincense_n upon_o other_o occasion_n effer_fw-la aquam_fw-la &_o molli_fw-la cinge_fw-la haec_fw-la altaria_fw-la vitta_fw-la verbenasque_fw-la adole_fw-la pingues_fw-la &_o mascula_fw-la thura_fw-la conjugis_fw-la ut_fw-la magicis_fw-la sanos_fw-la avertere_fw-la sacris_fw-la experiar_fw-la sensus_fw-la as_o for_o the_o naked_a person_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o altar_n i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v her_o husband_n or_o who_o else_o be_v intend_v thereby_o in_o regard_n we_o find_v the_o other_o figure_v repeat_v alternate_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o other_o delineation_n on_o the_o whole_a vessel_n than_o what_o this_o piece_n include_v within_o the_o crack_n which_o be_v all_o i_o have_v of_o it_o represent_v by_o the_o figure_n on_o this_o vessel_n we_o may_v conjecture_v it_o be_v a_o bowl_n use_v in_o those_o feast_n they_o call_v matronalia_fw-la observe_v on_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n when_o the_o marry_a woman_n sacrifice_v to_o juno_n for_o their_o happy_a delivery_n in_o childbirth_n the_o preservation_n of_o their_o husband_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o mutual_a affection_n and_o from_o its_o form_n i_o shall_v guess_v it_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o vessel_n they_o call_v phiala_n because_o in_o welsh_a the_o only_a name_n we_o have_v for_o such_o vessel_n be_v phîol_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o the_o same_o origin_n with_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a phiala_n and_o be_v very_o probable_o one_o of_o those_o many_o word_n leave_v among_o we_o by_o the_o roman_n which_o we_o may_v presume_v to_o be_v still_o preserve_v in_o the_o sense_n they_o use_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v two_o other_o curiosity_n find_v here_o and_o detain_v the_o reader_n no_o long_o in_o this_o county_n the_o first_o be_v a_o ram_n horn_n of_o brass_n much_o of_o the_o bigness_n and_o form_n of_o a_o lesser_a ram_n horn_n break_v off_o at_o the_o root_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v former_o unite_v to_o a_o brass_n head_n one_o of_o these_o head_n and_o horn_n though_o somewhat_o different_a from_o we_o may_v be_v see_v in_o lodovico_n moscardo_n musaeum_fw-la pag._n 83._o who_o suppose_v such_o head_n of_o ram_n and_o ox_n to_o have_v serve_v at_o once_o both_o as_o ornament_n in_o their_o temple_n and_o also_o religious_a type_n of_o sacrifice_n the_o other_o be_v a_o very_a elegant_a and_o a_o entire_a fibula_fw-la vestiaria_fw-la whereof_o because_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o give_v a_o intelligible_a description_n of_o it_o waâ—â—â—_n it_o see_v at_o tâ—_n end_v of_o waâ—â—â—_n i_o have_v give_v 2_o figure_n one_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o express_v it_o it_o be_v of_o brass_n and_o be_v curious_o chequer_a on_o the_o back_n part_n with_o enamel_n of_o red_a and_o blue_a it_o shall_v seem_v that_o when_o they_o use_v it_o the_o ring_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v draw_v down_o over_o the_o acus_fw-la or_o pin_n and_o that_o a_o thread_n or_o small_a string_n tie_v through_o the_o ring_n and_o about_o the_o notch_n at_o bottom_n secure_v the_o acus_fw-la in_o its_o proper_a place_n such_o a_o fibula_fw-la in_o all_o respect_n but_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o be_v find_v a_o 1691._o near_o king_n cotte_n in_o glocestershire_n where_o they_o also_o frequent_o meet_v with_o roman_a brass_n coin_v which_o they_o call_v chesle-money_n a_o name_n probable_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o castle_n or_o chester-money_n they_o that_o will_v be_v far_o satisfy_v of_o the_o various_a form_n and_o matter_n of_o these_o roman_a fibulae_fw-la and_o the_o several_a use_n they_o be_v apply_v to_o may_v consult_v among_o other_o author_n the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a joannes_n rhodius_n de_fw-fr acia_fw-la and_o smetius_n antiquitates_fw-la neomagenses_n in_o the_o first_o of_o charles_n 1_o robert_n lord_n carey_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o monmouth_n monmouth_n earl_n and_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o henry_n of_o the_o same_o name_n an._n 15_o car._n 2._o james_n fitz-roy_a among_o other_o honour_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o monmouth_n and_o at_o present_a the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n mordant_n take_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n from_o this_o place_n glamorganshire_n the_o far_a county_n of_o the_o silures_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o we_o call_v glamorganshire_n 〈…〉_o gâ—â—â—â—â—gan_n 〈…〉_o the_o britain_n morgà nwg_n gwlâd_n morgan_n and_o gwlâd_v vorgà nwg_n which_o signify_v the_o county_n of_o morganwg_n and_o be_v so_o call_v as_o most_o imagine_v from_o morgan_n a_o prince_n or_o as_o other_o suppose_v from_o a_o abbey_n of_o that_o name_n but_o if_o i_o shall_v deduce_v it_o from_o the_o british_a môr_n which_o signify_v the_o sea_n i_o know_v not_o for_o certain_a whether_o i_o shall_v deviate_v from_o the_o truth_n however_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o maritime_a town_n of_o armorica_n we_o call_v now_o morlais_n to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o anciant_fw-la gaul_n vorganium_n or_o morganium_fw-la for_o the_o letter_n m_n and_o five_o be_v often_o counterchange_v in_o this_o language_n and_o whence_o shall_v we_o suppose_v it_o thus_o denominate_v but_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o our_o morgà nwg_n be_v also_o altogether_o maritime_a be_v a_o long_a narrow_a country_n whole_o wash_v on_o the_o southside_n by_o the_o severn_n sea_n as_o for_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v border_v on_o the_o east_n with_o monmouthshire_n on_o the_o north_n with_o brecknock_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o kaermardhinshire_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v very_o rugged_a with_o mountain_n which_o incline_v towards_o the_o south_n become_v by_o degree_n more_o tillable_n at_o the_o root_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o spacious_a vale_fw-la or_o plain_a open_a to_o the_o south-sun_n a_o situation_n which_o cato_n prefer_v to_o all_o other_o and_o for_o which_o pliny_n do_v so_o much_o commend_v italy_n for_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v exceed_o pleasant_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o number_n of_o town_n and_o village_n â—â—â—â—â—te_n â—â—â—â—â—nâ—â—ct_a tâ—_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—â—â—te_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n jestin_n ap_fw-mi gwrgant_n lord_n of_o this_o country_n have_v revolt_v from_o his_o natural_a prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi tewdwr_n and_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o maintain_v his_o rebellion_n very_o unadvised_o which_o he_o too_o late_o repent_v call_v to_o his_o assistance_n
the_o confine_n of_o the_o parish_n of_o kelhan_n and_o lhan_n y_fw-fr krŵys_n and_o be_v at_o present_a whatever_o it_o be_v put_v up_o for_o the_o mere-stone_n or_o boundary_a betwixt_o this_o county_n and_o caermardhinshire_n not_o far_o from_o it_o be_v maen_n y_o prenvol_n which_o i_o have_v not_o see_v but_o suppose_v from_o the_o name_n to_o be_v a_o monument_n of_o that_o kind_n we_o call_v kistvaen_n for_o prenvol_n in_o this_o country_n in_o north-wales_n prennol_n signify_v a_o small_a coffer_n or_o chest_n gwe_o taliesin_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan-vihangel_a geneu'r_o glyn_n by_o its_o name_n and_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o neighbour_n concern_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o grave_n of_o the_o celebrate_a poet_n taliesin_n ben_fw-mi beirdh_fw-mi protovate_v beirdh_fw-mi id_fw-la est_fw-la taliesinus_n protovate_v who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n 540._o this_o grave_n or_o bed_n for_o that_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n gwely_n seem_v also_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o kist-vaen_a 4_o foot_n long_o and_z 3_o in_o breadth_n compose_v of_o 4_o stone_n 1_o at_o each_o end_n and_o 2_o side-stone_n whereof_o the_o high_a be_v about_o a_o foot_n above_o ground_n i_o take_v this_o and_o all_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n for_o old_a heathen_a monument_n and_o be_o far_o from_o believe_v that_o ever_o taliesin_n be_v inter_v here_o but_o to_o proceed_v from_o these_o barbarous_a monument_n which_o yet_o i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o more_o rude_a than_o those_o of_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n before_o they_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o something_o late_a and_o more_o civilise_a i_o shall_v here_o add_v a_o inscription_n i_o late_o copy_v from_o a_o large_a rude_a stone_n in_o penbryn_n parish_n not_o far_o from_o the_o church_n it_o stand_v not_o long_o since_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v in_o a_o small_a heap_n of_o stone_n close_o by_o the_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v now_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o stone_n be_v as_o hard_a as_o marble_n and_o the_o letter_n large_a and_o very_o fair_a and_o deep_o inscribe_v than_o ordinary_a but_o what_o they_o signify_v i_o fear_v must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v conjecture_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o at_o first_o view_n i_o think_v i_o may_v venture_v to_o read_v it_o cor_n balencii_n jacit_fw-la ordous_a and_o to_o interpret_v it_o the_o heart_n of_o valentius_n of_o north-wales_n lie_v here_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o person_n may_v have_v be_v slay_v there_o in_o battle_n in_o old_a inscription_n we_o often_o find_v the_o letter_n b._n use_v for_o v._o as_o balerius_n for_o valerius_n bixsit_v for_o vixsit_v militabit_fw-la for_o militavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o word_n ordous_a i_o think_v not_o very_o remote_a from_o ordovices_n but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o notion_n of_o it_o myself_o much_o less_o do_v i_o expect_v that_o other_o shall_v acquiesce_v therein_o in_o this_o same_o parish_n of_o penbryn_n be_v find_v some_o year_n since_o a_o british_a gold_n coin_n weigh_v i_o suppose_v above_o a_o guinea_n which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o worshipful_a john_n william_n esquire_n of_o aber_n nant_n bychan_n who_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o insert_v now_o among_o some_o other_o antiquity_n at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o county_n of_o wales_n from_o this_o and_o many_o other_o find_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v manifest_a the_o britain_n have_v gold_n and_o silver_n coin_v of_o their_o own_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n unless_o such_o as_o contend_v for_o the_o contrary_a can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o these_o coin_v be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o phoenician_n or_o some_o other_o trade_v nation_n which_o i_o think_v no_o man_n have_v yet_o attempt_v for_o see_v such_o of_o these_o coin_v as_o want_v inscription_n be_v always_o a_o little_a hollow_a on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o have_v also_o impression_n or_o character_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o different_a from_o those_o of_o roman_a and_o all_o other_o coin_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a the_o art_n of_o coin_v they_o be_v never_o learn_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o if_o so_o we_o have_v never_o meet_v with_o these_o unintelligible_a character_n on_o they_o but_o roman_a letter_n such_o as_o by_o some_o coin_v of_o veâ—â—_n of_o bâ—â—_n waâ—â—_n aâ—a_fw-it 〈◊〉_d veâ—â—_n cassivelaunus_n and_o cunobelin_n we_o find_v they_o make_v use_v of_o after_o their_o conquest_n since_o mr._n camden_n time_n thomas_n brudenel_n baron_n brudenel_n of_o stoughton_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o cardigan_n carâ—â—â—â—â—_n earâ—â—_n carâ—â—â—â—â—_n by_o k._n charles_n 2._o apr._n 20._o 1661._o upon_o who_o death_n robert_n his_o son_n succeed_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n north_n wales_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n ordevice_n those_o country_n of_o the_o silures_n and_o dimetae_n we_o have_v last_o survey_v be_v in_o aftertime_n when_o wales_n become_v divide_v into_o three_o principality_n call_v by_o the_o native_n deheubarth_n or_o the_o right-hand_a part_n and_o in_o english_a as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v south-wales_n the_o other_o two_o principality_n which_o they_o call_v gwynedh_n and_o powy_n we_o north-wales_n and_o powisland_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o ordovices_n call_v also_o ordevice_n and_o ordovicae_n and_o in_o some_o author_n though_o corrupt_o ordolucae_fw-la a_o courageous_a and_o puissant_a nation_n these_o be_v as_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o a_o mountainous_a country_n and_o receive_v vigour_n from_o their_o native_a soil_n and_o who_o continue_v the_o long_a of_o any_o unconquered_a by_o either_o roman_n or_o english_a for_o they_o be_v not_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n when_o julius_n agricola_n reduce_v almost_o the_o whole_a nation_n nor_o be_v they_o subject_v by_o the_o english_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o a_o long_a time_n they_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n confide_v as_o well_o in_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o courage_n as_o the_o roughness_n and_o difficult_a situation_n of_o their_o country_n which_o may_v seem_v in_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v design_v it_o for_o ambuscadoe_n and_o prolong_v of_o war_n to_o determine_v the_o limit_n of_o these_o ordevice_n be_v no_o hard_a task_n but_o to_o render_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o name_n seem_v very_o difficult_a however_o i_o have_v entertain_v a_o conjecture_n that_o see_v they_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o two_o river_n of_o devi_n which_o spring_v not_o far_o asunder_o take_v their_o course_n different_a way_n and_o that_o ar-dhyvi_a that_o read_v ar-dhyvi_a oar-devi_a in_o the_o british_a language_n signify_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o devi_n they_o have_v be_v thence_o call_v ordevice_n so_o the_o arverni_n receive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o situation_n on_o the_o river_n garumna_n the_o armorici_n from_o inhabit_v a_o maritime_a country_n and_o the_o horesci_n from_o their_o border_n on_o the_o river_n esk._n nor_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o ordevice_n so_o entire_o extinct_a in_o this_o country_n but_o that_o there_o remain_v some_o footstep_n of_o it_o for_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v on_o the_o sea_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n ardudwy_n out_o of_o which_o the_o roman_n by_o a_o soft_a pronunciation_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v coin_v their_o ordovices_n and_o ordevice_n but_o now_o this_o whole_a tract_n one_o small_a county_n except_v be_v call_v in_o latin_a gwynedhia_n and_o venedotia_n and_o in_o british_a gwynedh_n from_o the_o veneti_n in_o armorica_n as_o some_o suspect_n who_o as_o caesar_n write_v be_v use_v often_o to_o sail_v into_o britain_n and_o if_o it_o be_v allowable_a to_o change_v but_o one_o letter_n i_o may_v suppose_v this_o name_n also_o not_o unknown_a to_o the_o greek_n and_o to_o pausanias_n who_o in_o his_o arcadia_n inform_v we_o that_o antoninus_n pius_n have_v sufficient_o chastise_v our_o brigantes_n for_o make_v inroad_n into_o genounia_n a_o roman_a province_n in_o britain_n now_o if_o we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o read_v genouthia_n genounia_fw-la genounia_fw-la for_o genounia_n that_o word_n come_v so_o near_a guinethia_n and_o this_o guinethia_n or_o gwynedh_n border_n so_o much_o on_o the_o country_n of_o the_o brigantes_n that_o unless_o pausanias_n understand_v this_o region_n let_v sibylla_n herself_o discover_v what_o country_n he_o mean_v to_o the_o ordovices_n belong_v those_o country_n which_o be_v now_o call_v in_o english_a by_o new_a name_n montgomeryshire_n meirionydhshire_n caernarvonshire_n denbighshire_n and_o flintshire_n montgomeryshire_n montgomeryshire_n in_o british_a sîr_fw-fr dre_fw-fr '_o valdwyn_n from_o its_o chief_a town_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o cardigan_n and_o radnor_n shire_n on_o the_o east_n with_o shropshire_n on_o the_o north_n with_o denbigh_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o
cover_v the_o pass_n of_o river_n or_o frith_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la frith_n taâ—â—_n anâ—_n 〈◊〉_d xâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d magâ—â—ne_a prakâ—â—teâ—_n etc._n etc._n agit_fw-fr pâ—â—amneâ—_n eupâ—â—tem_v pâ—â—_n catâ—n_n &_o iâ—_n prâ—â—â—_n bartâ—â—_n in_o quâ—â—â—_n xa_fw-la etc._n etc._n long_o 〈◊〉_d meaâ—â—â—_n quaâ—s_v contâ—â—â—_n sagitâ—â—â—_n jacta_fw-la aâ—_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la as_o that_o into_o anglesey_n out_o of_o this_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v not_o use_v here_o on_o that_o occasion_n for_o if_o so_o the_o british_a army_n have_v not_o be_v post_v on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n to_o receive_v the_o roman_n as_o tacitus_n annal._n 14._o express_o tell_v we_o they_o be_v but_o have_v be_v compel_v to_o a_o far_a distance_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o brass_n axe_n find_v at_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n be_v of_o this_o kind_n because_o there_o be_v find_v with_o they_o certain_a arm_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n like_o short_a sword_n or_o dagger_n such_o as_o we_o find_v also_o in_o these_o part_n and_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o county_n of_o those_o mr._n camden_n opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v british_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o if_o the_o brass_n arm_n he_o mention_n be_v real_o sword_n as_o he_o suppose_v for_o no_o man_n will_v imagine_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v sword_n of_o that_o metal_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v it_o will_v be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o axe_n and_o spear-head_n he_o mention_n to_o be_v lodge_v with_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o nation_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n i_o suspect_v these_o instrument_n roman_a suppose_v they_o too_o artificial_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o britain_n before_o the_o roman_n civilise_v they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sword_n etc._n etc._n but_o intend_v for_o some_o other_o use_n but_o see_v they_o have_v gold_n and_o silver_n coin_v before_o that_o time_n as_o all_o antiquary_n allow_v and_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o golden_a torquis_fw-la describe_v in_o the_o last_o county_n be_v they_o and_o also_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o the_o druid_n cut_v down_o their_o misseltoe_n with_o golden_a sickle_n i_o know_v not_o but_o they_o may_v have_v more_o art_n than_o we_o common_o allow_v they_o and_o therefore_o must_v suspend_v my_o judgement_n ¶_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n as_o also_o in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o north-wales_n several_a remarkable_a old_a fort_n and_o such_o stone-monument_n as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o county_n of_o caermardhin_a penbroke_a and_o cardigan_n whereof_o because_o i_o have_v take_v no_o description_n myself_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a some_o short_a note_n on_o this_o subject_n out_o of_o a_o ms._n write_v by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n 1._o and_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n griffith_n jones_n schoolmaster_n of_o lhan_n rŵst_n on_o the_o top_n of_o pènmaen_n stand_v a_o lofty_a and_o impregnable_a hill_n call_v d_o braich_fw-mi y_fw-mi dhinas_n where_o we_o find_v the_o ruinous_a wall_n of_o a_o exceed_a strong_a fortification_n encompass_v with_o a_o treble_a wall_n and_o within_o each_o wall_n the_o foundation_n of_o at_o least_o a_o hundred_o tower_n all_o round_a and_o of_o equal_a bigness_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n diameter_n within_o the_o wall_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o dinas_n be_v in_o most_o place_n two_o yard_n thick_a and_o in_o some_o about_o three_o this_o castle_n seem_v when_o it_o stand_v impregnable_a there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o offer_v any_o assault_n to_o it_o the_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o high_a steep_a and_o rocky_a and_o the_o wall_n of_o such_o strength_n the_o way_n or_o entrance_n into_o it_o ascend_v with_o many_o turn_n so_o that_o a_o hundred_o man_n may_v defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o whole_a legion_n and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v lodging_n within_o these_o wall_n for_o 20000_o man_n at_o the_o summit_n of_o this_o rock_n within_o the_o innermost_a wall_n there_o be_v a_o well_o which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o water_n even_o in_o the_o dry_v summer_n by_o the_o tradition_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o ancestor_n this_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o safe_a refuge_n or_o place_n of_o defence_n the_o ancient_a britain_n have_v in_o all_o snowdon_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n moreover_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n show_v it_o be_v a_o princely_a fortification_n strengthen_v by_o nature_n and_o workmanship_n seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountaiâ—â—f_n that_o part_n of_o snowdon_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o sea_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o this_o fortification_n stand_v the_o most_o remarkable_a monument_n in_o all_o snowdon_n call_v d_o y_fw-fr meineu_fw-fr hirion_n upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n within_o the_o parish_n of_o dwy_n gyvylcheu_o above_o gŵdhw_o glâ_v it_o be_v a_o circular_a entrenchment_n about_o 26_o yard_n diameter_n on_o the_o outside_n whereof_o there_o be_v certain_a rude_a stone-pillar_n pitch_v on_o end_n of_o which_o about_o 12_o be_v now_o stand_v some_o 2_o yard_n other_o 5_o foot_n high_a and_o these_o be_v again_o encompass_v with_o a_o stone_n wall_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o come_v to_o the_o height_n have_v much_o even_a ground_n about_o it_o and_o not_o far_o from_o it_o there_o be_v three_o other_o large_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n about_o three_o furlong_n from_o this_o monument_n there_o be_v several_a such_o vast_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n as_o we_o call_v karnedheu_o concern_v which_o the_o tradition_n be_v that_o a_o memorable_a battle_n be_v fight_v near_o this_o place_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n wherein_o after_o much_o slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n the_o latter_a remain_a conqueror_n bury_v their_o dead_a in_o heap_n cast_v these_o stone_n on_o they_o partly_o to_o prevent_v the_o wild_a boar_n which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v common_a in_o these_o part_n from_o dig_v up_o their_o body_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o memorial_n to_o posterity_n that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n lay_v there_o inter_v there_o be_v also_o about_o these_o heap_n or_o karnedheu_o several_a grave_n which_o have_v stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o they_o and_o be_v cover_v with_o one_o or_o two_o large_a one_o these_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o commander_n or_o great_a person_n then_o flain_v in_o battle_n but_o have_v nothing_o to_o inform_v we_o herein_o we_o must_v rely_v on_o tradition_n and_o conjecture_n etc._n etc._n at_o present_v this_o county_n give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n earl_n earl_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n dormer_n anglesey_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o county_n of_o caernarvon_n we_o last_o survey_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o and_o that_o the_o town_n borrow_a that_o name_n also_o from_o the_o island_n mona_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o it_o remain_v now_o whereas_o we_o former_o not_o so_o proper_o place_v it_o among_o the_o island_n that_o we_o restore_v that_o tract_n to_o its_o right_a place_n and_o describe_v it_o in_o order_n see_v it_o enjoy_v also_o and_o not_o undeserved_o the_o title_n of_o a_o county_n this_o island_n be_v call_v by_o the_o roman_n mona_n in_o british_a môn_n and_o tir_v môn_o i.e._n the_o land_n of_o mon_n and_o ynys_n dowylh_v or_o the_o shady_a island_n by_o the_o old_a saxon_n moneg_v and_o in_o latter_a time_n when_o reduce_v by_o the_o english_a engles_n ea_fw-la and_o anglesey_n i.e._n the_o english_a island_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o narrow_a frith_n of_o meneu_fw-fr â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n david_n â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n wash_v by_o that_o rage_a irish_a sea_n it_o be_v of_o a_o irregular_a form_n and_o extend_v in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n 20_o mile_n â—1_n 〈…〉_o be_v 〈…〉_o â—1_n and_o where_o broad_a about_o 17._o this_o land_n say_v giraldus_n although_o as_o to_o outward_a appearance_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o dry_a rocky_a and_o unpleasant_a country_n not_o unlike_a that_o of_o pebidiog_n near_o st._n david_n be_v yet_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n much_o otherwise_o for_o it_o be_v incomparable_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n for_o wheat_n in_o all_o wales_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o welsh_a language_n it_o be_v proverbial_o say_v of_o it_o môn_a mam_n gymry_n i.e._n môn_n the_o nursery_n of_o wales_n because_o when_o other_o country_n fail_v this_o alone_a by_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o plentiful_a harvest_n it_o produce_v be_v wont_a
to_o the_o west_n lancashire_n westmoreland_n and_o cumberland_n all_o which_o county_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o deiri_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v these_o country_n in_o general_n the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n deira_n call_v in_o that_o age_n their_fw-mi land_n which_o be_v near_o namely_o on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n tine_n and_o bernicia_n the_o far_a reach_v from_o the_o tine_n scoticum_n tine_n frotum_fw-la scoticum_n to_o the_o frith_n of_o edenburrow_n which_o part_n though_o for_o some_o time_n they_o have_v their_o different_a king_n yet_o at_o last_o they_o come_v all_o under_o one_o kingdom_n and_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o this_o by_o the_o way_n where_o we_o read_v in_o the_o octavo_fw-la the_o pag._n 272._o annal._n franc._n octavo_fw-la life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a eardulphus_n rex_fw-la nordanhumbrorum_n i.e._n de_fw-fr irland_n patria_fw-la pulsus_fw-la ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la magnum_fw-la venit_fw-la for_o de_fw-fr irland_n we_o be_v to_o read_v deirland_n and_o so_o to_o understand_v it_o that_o he_o go_v over_o to_o charles_n the_o greâ—t_n out_o of_o this_o country_n and_o not_o from_o ireland_n yorkshire_n the_o county_n of_o york_n in_o name_n in_o eâ—forwiâ—scire_fw-la i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a saxon_a name_n saxon_a euerÆ¿icscyre_n effrocscyre_n and_o ebora-scyre_a common_o yorkshire_n by_o far_o the_o large_a county_n in_o england_n be_v repute_v to_o be_v pretty_a fruitful_a if_o in_o one_o place_n the_o soil_n be_v of_o a_o stony_a sandy_a barren_a nature_n yet_o in_o another_o it_o be_v pregnant_a and_o fruitful_a and_o so_o if_o it_o be_v naked_a and_o expose_v in_o one_o part_n we_o find_v it_o clothe_v and_o shelter_v with_o great_a store_n of_o wood_n in_o another_o nature_n use_v a_o allay_n and_o mixture_n that_o the_o entire_a county_n by_o this_o variety_n of_o part_n may_v seem_v more_o please_a and_o beautiful_a towards_o the_o west_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o those_o hill_n already_o mention_v by_o lancashire_n and_o by_o westmoreland_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o border_n upon_o the_o county_n of_o durham_n which_o be_v entire_o separate_v from_o it_o by_o the_o river_n tees_n on_o the_o east_n it_o bound_n upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n the_o southside_n be_v enclose_v first_o with_o cheshire_n and_o derbyshire_n then_o with_o nottinghamshire_n and_o last_o with_o lincolnshire_n â—â—â—er_n â—â—â—er_n where_o that_o noble_a aestuary_n the_o humber_n break_v in_o which_o be_v a_o common_a rendezvouz_n for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o river_n hereabout_o the_o whole_a county_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n denominate_v from_o three_o several_a quarter_n of_o the_o world_n west-riding_a east-riding_a and_o north-riding_a west-riding_a or_o the_o west-part_n be_v for_o some_o time_n bound_v by_o the_o river_n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_o â—nd_v 〈◊〉_d ouse_n lancashire_n and_o the_o southern_a limit_n of_o the_o county_n and_o lie_v out_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o west_n east-riding_a or_o the_o east-part_n of_o this_o county_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o towards_o the_o ocean_n which_o together_o with_o the_o river_n derwent_n enclose_v it_o north-riding_a or_o the_o north-part_n front_v the_o north_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n include_v by_o the_o river_n tee_n and_o derwent_n and_o a_o long_a course_n of_o the_o river_n ouse_n from_o the_o western_a mountain_n or_o those_o border_n in_o the_o west-part_n of_o the_o county_n many_o river_n gush_v forth_o which_o be_v every_o one_o at_o last_o receive_v by_o the_o ouse_n and_o so_o in_o one_o channel_n flow_v into_o the_o humber_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v any_o better_a method_n in_o describe_v this_o part_n thâ—n_o to_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o calder_n be_v wherfe_n nid_n and_o ouse_n which_o issue_n out_o of_o these_o mountain_n and_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a not_o only_o as_o be_v the_o best_a river_n but_o as_o flow_v by_o the_o most_o considerable_a place_n danus_n common_o don_n and_o dune_n river_n don_n river_n be_v as_o it_o seem_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o low_a deep_a channel_n for_o that_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o british_a word_n dan._n after_o it_o have_v salute_v wortley_n which_o have_v give_v name_n to_o that_o excellent_a family_n of_o the_o wortley_n asleep_o and_o also_o a_o place_n near_o it_o call_v wentworth_n wentworth_n wentworth_n from_o which_o many_o gentry_n both_o in_o this_o county_n and_o elsewhere_o as_o also_o the_o baron_n of_o wentworth_n have_v derive_v their_o name_n and_o original_n b_o it_o arrive_v at_o sheafield_n sheafield_n sheafield_n remarkable_a among_o many_o other_o place_n hereabout_o for_o blacksmith_n there_o be_v much_o iron_n dig_v up_o in_o these_o part_n and_o for_o a_o strong_a old_a castle_n which_o be_v descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o lovetofts_n the_o lord_n furnival_n furnival_n furnival_n and_o thomas_n lord_n nevil_n of_o furnival_n and_o nevil_n lord_n furnival_n furnival_n furnival_n to_o the_o most_o honourable_a the_o talbot_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n c_o from_o hence_o the_o dane_n under_o the_o shade_n of_o olde_n yew-tree_n and_o other_o flow_v to_o rotheram_n rotheram_n rotheram_n which_o glory_v in_o have_v have_v a_o archbishop_n of_o york_n of_o it_o be_v own_o name_n viz._n thomas_n rotheram_n a_o wise_a man_n who_o be_v bear_v here_o and_o prove_v a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o this_o place_n have_v upon_o a_o laudable_a design_n found_v a_o college_n here_o with_o three_o school_n for_o instruct_v boy_n in_o write_v grammar_n and_o music_n which_o be_v now_o suppress_v by_o the_o wicked_a avarice_n of_o this_o age_n do_v then_o it_o run_v within_o view_n of_o connisborow_n connisborow_n connisborow_n e_fw-la a_o old_a castle_n call_v in_o british_a caer_fw-mi conan_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n whither_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o maisbelly_n when_o aurelius_n ambrose_n rout_v the_o saxon_n and_o put_v they_o to_o a_o disorderly_a flight_n hengist_n their_o general_n retire_v to_o secure_v himself_o 487._o florilegus_n 487._o and_o a_o few_o day_n after_o take_v the_o field_n again_o against_o the_o britain_n who_o pursue_v he_o with_o who_o he_o engage_v a_o second_o time_n which_o prove_v fatal_a both_o to_o himself_o and_o his_o army_n for_o the_o britain_n cut_n off_o many_o of_o they_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n behead_v he_o if_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o british_a history_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o this_o matter_n before_o that_o of_o the_o dâ—stinabatur_fw-la the_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o saxon_a annal_n say_v so_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o historian_n who_o seem_v best_a acquaint_v with_o such_o ancient_a record_n assert_v plain_o that_o he_o be_v slay_v or_o else_o as_o matth._n of_o westminster_n express_v it_o captus_fw-la amputato_fw-la câ—pite_fw-la ad_fw-la tarcara_n dâ—stinabatur_fw-la saxon_a annal_n which_o report_v he_o to_o have_v die_v a_o natural_a death_n be_v wear_v out_o and_o spend_v with_o fatiegue_n and_o business_n f_o warren_n f_o but_o this_o coningsborough_n in_o lat_a age_n be_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warren_n after_o this_o it_o wash_v sprotburg_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o a_o ancient_a family_n the_o fitz-williams_n knight_n relate_v to_o the_o best_a family_n of_o england_n and_o the_o ancestor_n of_o william_n of_o sir_n william_n william_n fitz-williams_n fitz-williams_n fitz-williams_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o last_o age_n earl_n of_o southampton_n and_o also_o of_o william_n fitz-williams_n late_a lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n but_o this_o seat_n be_v now_o descend_v to_o the_o copley_n as_o elmsley_n and_o many_o other_o estate_n of_o they_o in_o these_o part_n to_o the_o savill_v from_o hence_o the_o dan_n sever_v into_o two_o course_n and_o run_v to_o a_o old_a town_n to_o which_o it_o leave_v its_o name_n common_o call_v at_o this_o day_n doncaster_n doncaster_n doncaster_n g_o but_o by_o the_o scots_a doncastle_n and_o the_o saxon_n dona_fw-la cester_n by_o ninius_n caer-daun_n by_o antoninus_n danum_n and_o so_o likewise_o by_o the_o notitia_fw-la which_o relate_v that_o the_o praefect_n of_o the_o crispinian_n horse_n under_o the_o dux_n britanniae_fw-la garrison_v theâ—e_n about_o the_o year_n 759._o it_o be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n by_o lightning_n and_o so_o bury_v in_o its_o own_o rubbish_n that_o it_o have_v hardly_o yet_o recover_v itself_o the_o plat_n of_o a_o large_a tower_n be_v still_o visible_a which_o they_o imagine_v be_v destroy_v in_o that_o fire_n where_o now_o stand_v a_o neat_a church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n george_n the_o only_a church_n in_o this_o town_n h_o scarce_o five_o mile_n distant_a to_o the_o southward_a stand_v a_o place_n which_o i_o must_v not_o pass_v by_o call_v tickhill_n tickhill_n tickhill_n be_v a_o ancient_a town_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o old_a castle_n
former_o a_o little_a monastery_n z_o and_o to_o bethmesley_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o famous_a family_n of_o claphams_n of_o which_o be_v j._n clapham_n a_o famous_a soldier_n in_o the_o war_n between_o york_n and_o lancaster_n hence_o it_o pass_v by_o ilekely_a â—â—â—y_v â—â—a_fw-la â—â—â—y_v which_o i_o imagine_v to_o be_v the_o olicana_n in_o ptolemy_n both_o from_o its_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o york_n and_o the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o two_o name_n it_o be_v without_o question_n a_o ancient_a town_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o engrave_v roman_a pillar_n lie_v now_o in_o the_o churchyard_n and_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o severus_n time_n by_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—â—oned_a â—â—â—an_n 〈◊〉_d ceâ—â—â—_n &_o â—â—ar_n 〈◊〉_d virius_n lupus_n legate_n and_o propraetor_n of_o britain_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o inscription_n late_o dig_v up_o near_o the_o church_n in_o severus_n aug._n et_fw-la antoninus_fw-la caes._n destinatus_n restitverunt_fw-la cv_o rante_n virio_n lupo_n prâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—gato_fw-la 〈◊〉_d prâ—â—â—â—_n leg_n eorum_n ‖_o pr._n pr._n that_o the_o second_o cohort_n of_o the_o lingones_n quarter_v here_o be_v likewise_o show_v we_o by_o a_o old_a altar_n i_o have_v see_v there_o now_o put_v under_o a_o pair_n of_o stair_n and_o inscribe_v by_o the_o â—â—â—â—ct_n â—â—â—â—ct_n captain_n of_o the_o second_o cohort_n of_o the_o lingones_n to_o verbeia_n perhaps_o the_o nymph_n or_o goddess_n of_o the_o wherf_n the_o river_n call_v verbeia_n i_o suppose_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o two_o word_n verbeiae_n sacrum_fw-la nympha_fw-la verbeia_n fl_fw-mi vel_fw-la nympha_fw-la clodius_n fronto_n praef_n coh_n two_o lingon_n for_o river_n say_v gildas_n in_o that_o age_n have_v divine_a honour_n pay_v they_o by_o the_o ignorant_a britain_n 41._o epist_n 41._o and_o seneca_n tell_v we_o of_o altar_n dedicate_v to_o they_o we_o worship_v the_o head_n of_o great_a river_n and_o we_o raise_v altar_n to_o their_o first_o spring_n and_o servius_n say_v that_o every_o river_n be_v preside_v by_o some_o nymph_n or_o other_o in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o church_n there_o be_v this_o other_o imperfect_a inscription_n rum_fw-la caes._n aug._n antonini_n et_fw-la very_fw-la jovi_fw-la dilecti_fw-la caecilius_n praef_n coh_n aa_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o my_o search_n up_o and_o down_o the_o church_n for_o piece_n of_o roman_a antiquity_n but_o the_o portraiture_n of_o sir_n adam_n middleton_n arm_v and_o cut_v out_o in_o stone_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v live_v in_o edward_n the_o 1.'s_n reign_n his_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n at_o a_o place_n call_v stubham_n bb_n somewhat_o low_a stand_v oteley_n oteley_n oteley_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o situation_n under_o a_o huge_a craggy_a cliff_n call_v chevin_n chevin_n chevin_n for_o the_o ridge_n of_o a_o mountain_n be_v in_o british_a chevin_n signify_v chevin_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o so_o that_o long_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o france_n which_o former_o use_v the_o same_o language_n with_o our_o britain_n be_v call_v gevenna_n gevenna_n gevenna_n and_o gebenna_n from_o hence_o the_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n bank_v on_o both_o side_n with_o limestone_n by_o harewood_n harewood_n harewood_n where_o stand_v a_o neat_a and_o strong_a castle_n which_o have_v always_o change_v its_o master_n as_o the_o time_n turn_v it_o be_v former_o the_o curcy_n but_o go_v from_o they_o with_o alice_z the_o heiress_n of_o that_o family_n to_o warren_n fitzgerold_a who_o marry_v she_o 1._o placit_fw-la 1._o joan._n rot._n 10._o in_o d._n monstr_n le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr 35_o ed._n 1._o and_o have_v issue_n margery_n who_o be_v one_o of_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o great_a fortune_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o baldwin_n de_fw-fr ripariis_fw-la son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n who_o die_v before_o his_o father_n and_o then_o by_o king_n john_n mean_n to_o falcatius_n de_fw-fr brent_n a_o favourite_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o great_a service_n in_o pillage_n afterward_o isabel_n de_fw-fr ripariis_fw-la countess_n of_o devonshire_n die_v without_o issue_n this_o castle_n fall_v to_o robert_n de_fw-fr lisle_n the_o son_n of_o warren_n as_o a_o relation_n lisle_n lord_n de_fw-fr insula_n or_o lisle_n and_o one_o of_o her_o heir_n at_o last_o by_o those_o of_o aldborough_n it_o come_v to_o the_o rither_v as_o i_o learn_v from_o fr._n thinn_n who_o with_o great_a judgement_n and_o diligence_n have_v long_o study_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n cc_o nor_o must_v i_o forget_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o place_n just_a by_o call_v gawthorp_n remarkable_a for_o that_o ancient_a and_o virtuous_a family_n the_o gascoign_n gascoign_n gascoign_n descend_v very_o probable_o from_o gascoigne_n in_o france_n hence_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n wherf_n be_v by_o wetherby_n wetherby_n wetherby_n a_o notable_a trade_n town_n which_o 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tell_v we_o far_o that_o k_n heina_n the_o first_o woman_n of_o this_o country_n that_o turn_v nun_n come_v to_o this_o city_n and_o live_v in_o it_o again_o here_o be_v by_o the_o town_n a_o hill_n call_v kelcbar_n which_o still_o retain_v something_o of_o the_o old_a name_n for_o other_o proof_n of_o antiquity_n not_o to_o mention_v its_o situation_n near_o a_o roman_a consular_a way_n there_o be_v many_o coin_n of_o roman_a emperor_n dig_v up_o in_o it_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o trench_n quite_o round_o the_o town_n and_o the_o platform_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n still_o remain_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o a_o bridge_n be_v make_v over_o the_o wherf_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o not_o far_o from_o this_o bridge_n the_o wherf_n glide_v gentle_o into_o the_o ouse_n and_o real_o consider_v the_o many_o current_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o this_o so_o shallow_a and_o easy_a stream_n from_o the_o bridge_n be_v very_o strange_a and_o may_v well_o give_v occasion_n to_o what_o a_o 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habet_fw-la immensum_fw-la fluvium_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la pulvere_fw-la lutum_fw-la ee_fw-mi river_n nid_v
duty_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o a_o colony_n shall_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o municipium_fw-la but_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o nicety_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o those_o two_o word_n be_v not_o always_o precise_o observe_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o caesar_n but_o sometime_o both_o colonia_n and_o municipium_fw-la promiscuous_o apply_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o from_o the_o coin_n beforementioned_a i_o dare_v hardly_o affirm_v this_o colony_n to_o have_v be_v plant_v here_o by_o severus_n see_v ptolemy_n himself_o ptolemy_n and_o antonine_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o antonine_n this_o be_v the_o station_n of_o the_o six_o legion_n however_o we_o read_v that_o severus_n severus_n severus_n have_v his_o palace_n here_o and_o that_o he_o die_v in_o this_o city_n with_o these_o word_n in_o his_o mouth_n the_o commonwealth_n be_v disorder_v in_o all_o part_n when_o i_o receive_v it_o yet_o i_o 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what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v from_o all_o this_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v what_o figure_n eboracum_n then_o make_v in_o the_o world_n see_v it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n our_o own_o historian_n tell_v we_o 305._o we_o this_o account_n be_v not_o too_o well_o ground_v see_v fuller_n church_n hist_o a._n d._n 305._o that_o it_o be_v make_v a_o episcopal_n see_v by_o constantius_n but_o that_o taurinus_n the_o martyr_n bishop_n of_o the_o eburovices_n or_o eureux_fw-fr preside_v here_o i_o be_o not_o incline_v with_o other_o historiale_n vincentii_fw-la speculum_fw-la historiale_n to_o believe_v for_o vincentius_n by_o who_o they_o be_v taint_v with_o this_o error_n will_v confute_v i_o with_o his_o own_o word_n when_o the_o roman_n withdraw_v themselves_o and_o leave_v britain_n a_o prey_n to_o barbarous_a nation_n such_o a_o weighty_a share_n of_o misery_n fall_v to_o this_o city_n that_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o scotch_a and_o saxon_a war_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mere_a fame_n and_o echo_n of_o what_o it_o have_v be_v for_o when_o paulinus_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o saxon_n of_o this_o province_n it_o be_v reduce_v so_o low_a that_o the_o whole_a city_n can_v not_o afford_v so_o much_o as_o a_o small_a church_n wherein_o to_o baptize_v king_n edwin_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 627._o raise_v a_o fabric_n of_o wood_n for_o divine_a service_n and_o after_o that_o intend_v to_o build_v another_o of_o stone_n he_o have_v hardly_o lay_v the_o foundation_n but_o he_o die_v leave_v the_o work_n to_o be_v finish_v by_o his_o successor_n king_n oswald_n from_o this_o time_n the_o city_n begin_v to_o be_v great_a in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n pope_n honorius_n send_v it_o a_o pall_n scotland_n scotland_n former_o subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n see_v in_o scotland_n and_o it_o be_v make_v a_o metropolitan_a city_n endow_v with_o sovereignty_n not_o only_o over_o twelve_o see_v here_o in_o england_n but_o over_o all_o the_o bishopric_n of_o scotland_n but_o scotland_n have_v disow_v her_o prerogative_n many_o year_n since_o and_o she_o herself_o have_v swallow_v up_o several_a small_a inconsiderable_a bishopric_n hereabout_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v now_o reduce_v to_o the_o four_o see_v of_o durham_n chester_n carlisle_n and_o man_n or_o sodor_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o man._n egbert_n a_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 740._o found_v a_o noble_a library_n library_n the_o library_n here_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o malmsbury_n a_o treasury_n and_o cabinet_n if_o i_o may_v so_o express_v myself_o enrich_v with_o all_o art_n and_o science_n of_o which_o also_o alcuinus_fw-la of_o york_n who_o be_v tutor_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o first_o author_n of_o a_o academy_n at_o paris_n as_o also_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o this_o city_n make_v mention_n of_o it_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o say_v charles_n the_o great_a 780._o flâ—ccus_fw-la alcuinus_fw-la or_o albinus_n flourish_v about_o 780._o give_v i_o such_o excellent_a and_o learned_a book_n for_o scholastic_a divinity_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o my_o own_o country_n collect_v by_o the_o useful_a and_o pious_a industry_n of_o egbert_n archbishop_n and_o if_o it_o seem_v proper_a to_o your_o wisdom_n i_o will_v send_v some_o of_o your_o own_o servant_n who_o may_v copy_v out_o of_o they_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a and_o so_o transport_v the_o flower_n of_o britain_n into_o france_n that_o this_o garden_n may_v no_o long_o be_v confine_v to_o york_n but_o somethirg_n of_o that_o paradise_n may_v be_v transplant_v to_o learning_n to_o here_o alcuinus_fw-la die_v a._n d._n 780._o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o be_v all_o convent_n appendant_a to_o his_o monastery_n of_o st._n martin_n where_o he_o be_v abbot_n fuller_n worth_n p._n 227._o from_o bale_n who_o rank_n he_o the_o three_o english_a man_n for_o learning_n tours_n
the_o church_n of_o york_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o time_n endow_v with_o many_o large_a possession_n especial_o by_o ulphus_n the_o son_n â—f_n toraldus_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o note_v from_o a_o old_a bâ—ok_n that_o a_o strange_a way_n of_o endow_v heretofore_o may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o ulphus_n govern_v in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o deira_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o difference_n like_a to_o happen_v between_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o his_o young_a about_o the_o lordship_n after_o his_o death_n he_o present_o take_v this_o course_n to_o make_v they_o equal_a without_o delay_n he_o go_v to_o york_n and_o take_v the_o horn_n wherein_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o drink_v with_o he_o he_o fill_v it_o with_o wine_n and_o kneel_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o altar_n bestow_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o bless_a s._n peter_n prince_n of_o the_o apostle_n all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n this_o horn_n be_v keep_v there_o to_o the_o last_o age_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v it_o will_v seem_v to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o clergy_n if_o i_o shall_v relate_v the_o emulation_n and_o scuffle_n which_o ambition_n have_v raise_v between_o the_o two_o see_v of_o york_n and_o canterbury_n whilst_o with_o great_a expense_n of_o money_n but_o more_o of_o reputation_n they_o warm_o contend_v for_o pre-eminence_n 〈◊〉_d t._n 〈◊〉_d 74._o 〈◊〉_d this_o controversy_n be_v determine_v in_o archbishop_n thoresby_n time_n a._n d._n 1353._o at_o the_o special_a solicitation_n of_o king_n edward_n â—_o qui_fw-la corpoâ—um_fw-la &_o animarum_fw-la pericula_fw-la considerans_fw-la ac_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o quietem_fw-la populi_fw-la svi_fw-la affectans_fw-la dictos_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la ad_fw-la pacis_fw-la concordiam_fw-la invitavit_fw-la yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n may_v legal_o write_v themselves_o primate_n of_o england_n anglia_fw-it sacra_fw-la par_fw-fr 1._o p._n 74._o for_o as_o one_o relate_v it_o the_o see_v of_o york_n be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n though_o it_o be_v the_o young_a and_o the_o poor_a sister_n and_o this_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o same_o power_n that_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v and_o endow_v with_o the_o same_o apostolical_a privilege_n take_v it_o very_o heinous_o to_o be_v make_v subject_n by_o the_o decree_n of_o p._n alexander_n declare_v that_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o york_n ought_v to_o yield_v to_o that_o of_o canterbury_n and_o pay_v a_o obedience_n to_o she_o as_o primate_n of_o all_o britain_n in_o all_o her_o constitution_n relate_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n it_o fall_v not_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o design_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v many_o of_o who_o have_v be_v man_n of_o great_a virtue_n and_o holiness_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o observe_v that_o from_o the_o year_n 625._o when_v paulinus_n the_o first_o archbishop_n be_v consecrate_v there_o have_v succeed_v in_o it_o threescore_o and_o five_o archbishop_n aâ—â—bishâ—p_n the_o 〈◊〉_d six_o aâ—â—bishâ—p_n to_o the_o year_n 1606._o in_o which_o d._n tobias_n matthews_n venerable_n for_o his_o virtue_n and_o piety_n for_o his_o learned_a eloquence_n and_o for_o his_o indefatigable_a industry_n in_o teach_v be_v translate_v hither_o from_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n mm_o this_o city_n very_o much_o flourish_v for_o some_o time_n under_o the_o saxon_a government_n till_o the_o danish_a storm_n from_o the_o north_n begin_v to_o rush_v on_o and_o spoil_v its_o beauty_n again_o by_o great_a ruin_n and_o dismal_a slaughter_n which_o alcuin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o egelred_n king_n of_o the_o northumbrian_n seem_v to_o have_v foretell_v for_o he_o say_v what_o can_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o shower_n of_o blood_n which_o in_o lent_n we_o see_v at_o york_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n near_o st._n peter_n church_n descend_v with_o great_a horror_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o house_n in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v not_o one_o imagine_v that_o this_o forebode_n destruction_n and_o blood_n among_o we_o from_o that_o quarter_n for_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n when_o the_o dane_n lay_v every_o thing_n they_o come_v at_o waste_n and_o desolate_a this_o city_n be_v destroy_v with_o continual_a suffering_n in_o the_o year_n 867._o the_o wall_n of_o it_o be_v so_o shake_v by_o the_o many_o assault_n make_v upon_o they_o that_o osbright_n and_o ella_n king_n of_o northumberland_n as_o they_o pursue_v the_o dane_n in_o these_o part_n easy_o break_v into_o the_o city_n and_o after_o a_o bloody_a conflict_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v both_o slay_v leave_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o dane_n who_o have_v retire_v hither_o hence_o that_o of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n york_n ever_o most_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n have_v sustain_v the_o barbarous_a assault_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o groan_v under_o the_o misery_n it_o have_v suffer_v but_o as_o the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o king_n athelstan_n take_v it_o from_o the_o dane_n and_o demolish_v that_o castle_n wherewith_o they_o have_v fortify_v it_o nor_o in_o after-age_n be_v it_o quite_o rid_v of_o those_o war_n in_o that_o especial_o which_o be_v so_o fatal_a for_o the_o subversion_n of_o city_n but_o the_o norman_n as_o they_o put_v a_o end_n to_o these_o misery_n so_o they_o almost_o bring_v destruction_n to_o york_n for_o when_o the_o son_n of_o sueno_n the_o dane_n arrive_v here_o with_o a_o fleet_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o sail_n eâ—gâ—_n aâ—fâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d burleâ—â—_n treason_n of_o eâ—gâ—_n and_o land_v hard_o by_o the_o norman_n who_o keep_v garrison_n in_o two_o castle_n in_o the_o city_n fear_v lest_o the_o house_n in_o the_o suburb_n may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o enemy_n in_o fill_v up_o the_o trench_n set_v they_o on_o fire_n which_o be_v so_o increase_v and_o disperse_v by_o the_o wind_n that_o it_o present_o spread_v about_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o set_v it_o all_o on_o fire_n in_o this_o disorder_n and_o hurry_v the_o dane_n take_v the_o town_n put_v the_o townsman_n and_o the_o norman_n to_o the_o sword_n with_o great_a slaughter_n yet_o spare_v william_n mallet_n and_o gilbert_n gant_n the_o principal_a man_n among_o they_o for_o a_o decimation_n decimation_n decimation_n among_o the_o soldier_n afterward_o for_o every_o ten_o prisoner_n of_o the_o norman_n on_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v be_v execute_v which_o so_o exasperate_v william_n the_o conqueror_n that_o as_o if_o the_o citizens_n have_v side_v with_o the_o dane_n he_o cut_v they_o all_o off_o and_o set_v the_o city_n again_o on_o fire_n and_o as_o malmesbury_n say_v so_o spoil_v all_o the_o adjacent_a territory_n that_o a_o fruitful_a province_n be_v quite_o disable_v and_o useless_a that_o the_o country_n for_o sixty_o mile_n together_o lay_v so_o much_o neglect_v that_o a_o stranger_n will_v have_v lament_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o consider_v that_o former_o here_o have_v be_v fine_a city_n high_a tower_n and_o rich_a pasture_n and_o that_o no_o former_a inhabitant_n will_v so_o much_o as_o know_v it_o the_o ancient_a greatness_n of_o the_o place_n may_v appear_v from_o domesday_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o city_n of_o york_n contain_v six_o shire_n or_o division_n beside_o the_o shire_n of_o the_o archbishop_n one_o be_v waste_v for_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o five_o remain_a shire_n there_o be_v 1428_o house_n inhabit_v and_o in_o the_o shire_n of_o the_o archbishop_n two_o hundred_o house_n inhabit_v after_o all_o these_o overthrow_n necham_n sing_v thus_o of_o it_o visito_fw-la quam_fw-la foelix_fw-la ebraucus_n condidit_fw-la urbem_fw-la petro_n se_fw-la debet_fw-la pontificalis_fw-la apex_n civibus_fw-la haec_fw-la toties_fw-la viduata_fw-la novisque_fw-la repleta_fw-la diruta_fw-la prospexit_fw-la moenia_fw-la saepe_fw-la sva_fw-la quid_fw-la manus_fw-la hostilis_fw-la queat_fw-la est_fw-la experta_fw-la frequenter_a sed_fw-la quid_fw-la nunc_fw-la pacis_fw-la otia_fw-la long_fw-mi fovent_fw-la there_o happy_a ebrauk_n lofty_a tower_n appear_v which_o owe_v their_o mitre_n to_o st._n peter_n care_n how_o oft_o in_o dust_n the_o hapless_a town_n have_v lie_v how_o oft_o its_o wall_n have_v change_v how_o oft_o its_o man_n how_o oft_o the_o rage_n of_o sword_n and_o flame_n have_v mourn_v but_o now_o long_a peace_n and_o last_a joy_n be_v return_v for_o in_o his_o day_n these_o troublesome_a time_n be_v follow_v with_o a_o long_a and_o happy_a peace_n this_o city_n begin_v to_o revive_v and_o continue_v flourish_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v often_o mark_v out_o for_o destruction_n by_o our_o own_o rebel_n and_o the_o scotch_a yet_o in_o king_n stephen_n time_n it_o be_v most_o sad_o ruin_v again_o by_o a_o casual_a fire_n which_o burn_v down_o the_o cathedral_n st._n mary_n monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n and_o also_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o
of_o chester_n but_o king_n stephen_n to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o the_o scot_n restore_v it_o to_o they_o to_o hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o england_n but_o his_o immediate_a successor_n henry_n the_o second_o consider_v what_o a_o prejudice_n this_o profuse_a liberality_n of_o stephen_n be_v both_o to_o he_o and_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n demand_v back_o from_o the_o scots_a northumberland_n cumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n for_o the_o scotch_a king_n as_o neubrigensis_n have_v it_o wise_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v both_o a_o better_a title_n and_o be_v much_o strong_a in_o those_o part_n though_o he_o can_v have_v allege_v the_o oath_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o grandfather_n david_n when_o he_o be_v knight_v by_o he_o very_o fair_o and_o honest_o restore_v the_o foresay_a bound_n at_o the_o king_n demand_n and_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o have_v huntingdonshire_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o by_o ancient_a right_n cumberland_n have_v no_o earl_n before_o henry_n the_o eighth_n time_n who_o create_v henry_n clifford_n descend_v from_o the_o lord_n de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la ponte_fw-la or_o vipont_n first_o earl_n of_o cumberland_n cumberland_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n he_o by_o margaret_n daughter_n of_o henry_n percy_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n have_v henry_n the_o second_o earl_n who_o by_o his_o first_o wife_n daughter_n of_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n had_z margaret_z countess_z of_o derby_z and_o by_o his_o second_o daughter_n of_o baron_n dacre_n of_o gillesland_n two_o son_n george_n and_o francis_n george_n the_o three_o earl_n famous_a for_o his_o great_a exploit_n at_o sea_n undaunted_a and_o indefatigable_a die_v in_o the_o year_n 1505_o leave_v a_o only_a daughter_n anne_n etc._n anne_n now_o countess_n of_o dorset_n but_o his_o brother_n sir_n francis_n etc._n etc._n francis_n his_o brother_n the_o four_o earl_n succeed_v he_o in_o who_o appear_v a_o strong_a inclination_n to_o virtue_n worthy_a the_o greatness_n of_o such_o honourable_a ancestor_n determine_v ancestor_n as_o for_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o west-marche_n against_o scotland_n in_o this_o county_n which_o be_v nobleman_n of_o especial_a trust_n i_o need_v to_o say_v nothing_o when_o as_o by_o the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n under_o one_o head_n that_o office_n be_v now_o determine_v this_o county_n have_v 58._o parish-church_n beside_o chapel_n vallum_n or_o the_o pict_n wall_n that_o famous_a wall_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o roman_a province_n call_v by_o ancient_a latin_a writer_n vallum_n barbaricum_fw-la praetentura_fw-la and_o clusura_n i.e._n the_o barbarous_a wall_n the_o breast-work_n the_o fence_n or_o hedge_n cross_v the_o low-land_n the_o the_o latin_n usual_o call_v the_o more_o northern_a tract_n of_o a_o country_n pars_fw-la superior_n otherwise_o that_o through_o which_o the_o picts-wall_n here_o pass_v be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o county_n more_o just_o call_v the_o low-land_n upper_a part_n of_o cumberland_n and_o be_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n to_o be_v pass_v over_o in_o silence_n it_o be_v by_o dio_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o thorough-wall_n by_o herodian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—mpire_n 〈◊〉_d fence_n the_o â—ronâ—_n of_o the_o â—â—inces_n â—_o call_v â—â—â—rae_fw-la ab_fw-la â—â—iendo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d shuting_z out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o â—â—â—nturaeâ—emâ—_n â—emâ—_z from_o 〈◊〉_d â—â—cht_v out_o â—â—st_n the_o â—â—â—y_v â—â—ithaeâ—â—â—dâ—â—â—_n c._n 14_o 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d of_o â—mpire_n or_o a_o vast_a ditch_n by_o antoninus_n cassiodorus_n and_o other_o vallum_n by_o bede_n murus_n by_o the_o britain_n gual-seve_a gal-seve_a and_o mur-seve_a by_o the_o scot_n scottis-waith_a by_o the_o english_a and_o those_o that_o live_v about_o it_o the_o picts-wall_n or_o the_o pehits-wall_n also_o the_o keepe-wall_n and_o by_o way_n of_o eminence_n the_o wall_n when_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n and_o the_o assistance_n of_o courage_n the_o roman_a affair_n have_v succeed_v beyond_o expectation_n and_o the_o ambitious_a bravery_n of_o that_o people_n have_v so_o enlarge_v their_o conquest_n on_o all_o side_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v jealous_a of_o their_o own_o greatness_n the_o emperor_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o set_v some_o bound_n to_o their_o dominion_n for_o like_o prudent_a politician_n they_o observe_v that_o greatness_n ought_v to_o have_v its_o bound_n just_a as_o the_o heaven_n keep_v their_o exact_a compass_n and_o the_o sea_n toss_v about_o within_o their_o own_o limit_n now_o these_o bound_n be_v either_o natural_a as_o the_o sea_n the_o large_a river_n mountain_n desert_n or_o artificial_a viz._n fence_n contrive_v such_o be_v ditch_n castle_n tower_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d barricado_n of_o tree_n wall_n of_o earth_n or_o stone_n with_o garrison_n plant_v along_o they_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o barbarian_n whereupon_o theodosius_n novel_n 3_o 〈◊〉_d 3_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o our_o ancestor_n whatever_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v defend_v against_o the_o incursion_n of_o barbarian_n by_o a_o boundary-wall_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o frontier-garison_n lay_v along_o the_o line_n in_o castle_n and_o city_n but_o when_o they_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o neighbour_n part_n of_o they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o pitch_v their_o tent_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n vegetius_n hence_o we_o meet_v with_o stationes_n agrariae_n in_o vegetius_n and_o part_v make_v excursion_n into_o the_o enemy_n quarter_n to_o observe_v their_o motion_n and_o to_o engage_v if_o they_o can_v upon_o a_o advantage_n in_o this_o island_n particular_o when_o they_o find_v that_o those_o more_o remote_a part_n of_o britain_n have_v nothing_o agreeable_a either_o in_o the_o air_n or_o soil_n that_o they_o be_v inhabit_v by_o that_o barbarous_a crew_n of_o caledonian_n and_o that_o the_o advantage_n by_o subdue_a they_o can_v never_o answer_v the_o trouble_n they_o do_v at_o several_a time_n contrive_v several_a fence_n to_o bind_v and_o secure_v the_o province_n praetentura_n the_o first_o praetentura_n the_o first_o of_o that_o kind_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o julius_n agricola_n when_o he_o set_v garrison_n along_o that_o narrow_a slip_n of_o ground_n between_o glotta_n between_o bodotria_n &_o glotta_n edenborrow-frith_n and_o dunbritten-frith_n aa_n which_o be_v afterward_o fortify_v as_o occasion_v require_v hadrian_n for_o who_o the_o god_n terminus_n retreat_v bb_v praetentura_n the_o second_o praetentura_n make_v the_o second_o after_o he_o have_v retire_v about_o 80_o mile_n either_o out_o of_o envy_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o trajan_n under_o who_o the_o empire_n be_v at_o its_o utmost_a extent_n or_o out_o of_o fear_n he_o say_v spartian_a draw_v a_o wall_n of_o eighty_o mile_n in_o length_n to_o divide_v the_o barbarian_n from_o the_o roman_n which_o one_o may_v gather_v from_o what_o follow_v in_o spartian_a to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o fashion_n of_o a_o militaris_fw-la a_o muralis_fw-la sepis_fw-la some_o read_v militaris_fw-la mural_a hedge_n of_o large_a stake_n fix_v deep_a in_o the_o ground_n and_o fasten_v together_o with_o wattle_n and_o this_o be_v it_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o for_o it_o run_v along_o for_o 80_o mile_n together_o and_o upon_o it_o be_v the_o northumberland_n the_o by_o the_o sound_a one_o shall_v guess_v this_o to_o be_v pont_n eland_n in_o northumberland_n pons_n aelia_n classis_fw-la aelia_n cohors_fw-la aelia_n ala_n sabiniana_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o aelius_n hadrianus_n and_o sabina_n his_o wife_n and_o the_o scotch_a historian_n who_o write_v the_o rota_n temporum_fw-la temporum_fw-la rota_n temporum_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o hadrian_n do_v first_o of_o all_o draw_v a_o wall_n of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n make_v of_o turf_n of_o that_o height_n that_o it_o look_v like_o a_o mountain_n and_o with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n before_o it_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tine_n to_o the_o river_n eske_n i.e._n from_o the_o german_a to_o the_o irish_a ocean_n which_o hector_n boëtius_n deliver_v in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n lollius_n urbicus_n lieutenant_n of_o britain_n under_o antoninus_n pius_fw-la by_o his_o great_a success_n remove_v back_o the_o bound_n to_o where_o julius_n agricola_n have_v first_o set_v they_o and_o raise_v a_o wall_n there_o which_o be_v the_o three_o fence_n or_o praetentura_n praetentura_n the_o three_o praetentura_n he_o say_v capitolinus_n conquer_v the_o britain_n and_o drive_v back_o the_o barbarian_n make_v another_o wall_n of_o turf_n i.e._n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o hadrian_n the_o honour_n of_o lollius_n success_n in_o britain_n be_v by_o fronto_n as_o the_o panegyrist_n have_v it_o give_v entire_o to_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n affirm_v that_o though_o he_o live_v quiet_o in_o his_o palace_n at_o rome_n and_o have_v only_o give_v out_o a_o commission_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n yet_o he_o have_v merit_v all_o the_o glory_n as_o a_o pilot_n
of_o scotland_n be_v contain_v in_o less_o bound_n be_v divide_v from_o england_n by_o the_o water_n of_o tweed_n to_o carhoom_n then_o by_o keddon-burn_a haddon-rigg_a black-down-hill_n morsla-hill_n battinbuss-hill_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o river_n keal_n and_o ted_n after_o by_o kersop-burn_a liderwater_n esk_n to_o the_o tod-holls_a the_o marchdike_n to_o white-sack_n and_o solloway-frith_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o irish-sea_n on_o the_o north_n the_o deucaledonian_n and_o on_o the_o east_n the_o german_a ocean_n on_o all_o which_o side_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v several_a isle_n belong_v to_o it_o from_o the_o mule_n of_o galloway_n in_o the_o south_n to_o dungsbay-head_n in_o the_o east-point_n of_o cathness_n in_o the_o north_n it_o be_v about_o 250_o mile_n long_o and_o betwixt_o buchan-ness_a on_o the_o east_n sea_n and_o ardnamurchan-point_n on_o the_o west_n 150_o mile_n broad_a the_o most_o southerly_a part_n of_o it_o about_o whitern_n be_v 54_o degree_n 54_o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o in_o longitude_n 15_o degree_n 40_o min._n the_o northermost_a part_n the_o abovementioned_a dungsbay-head_n be_v 58_o degree_n 32_o some_o say_v 30._o min._n in_o latitude_n and_o 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o longitude_n the_o long_a day_n be_v about_o 18_o hour_n and_o two_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n temperate_a the_o air_n temperate_a it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o caesar_n say_v of_o britain_n coelum_fw-la gallico_n temperatius_fw-la for_o even_o in_o scotland_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a and_o temperate_a than_o in_o the_o continent_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o warm-vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o all_o side_n and_o the_o continual_a breeze_n of_o the_o wind_n from_o thence_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n be_v no_o way_n scorch_v the_o constant_a wind_n purify_v the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o always_o in_o motion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v seldom_o any_o epidemic_a disease_n rage_v here_o scotland_n hill_n in_o scotland_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n be_v hilly_a and_o mountainous_a there_o be_v but_o few_o plain_n and_o they_o of_o no_o great_a extent_n those_o they_o have_v be_v general_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o from_o thence_o the_o ground_n begin_v to_o rise_v sensible_o the_o far_a in_o the_o country_n the_o high_a so_o that_o the_o great_a hill_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o hill_n especial_o upon_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n breed_v abundance_n of_o cow_n which_o not_o only_o afford_v store_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o likewise_o considerable_a profit_n by_o the_o vent_n of_o their_o hide_n and_o tallow_n and_o the_o great_a number_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n when_o there_o be_v no_o prohibition_n their_o size_n as_o also_o that_o of_o their_o sheep_n be_v but_o small_a but_o the_o meat_n of_o both_o of_o a_o exceed_o fine_a taste_n and_o very_o nourish_v the_o highland_n afford_v great_a flock_n of_o goat_n with_o store_n of_o deer_n and_o be_v clear_v from_o wolf_n the_o whole_a country_n have_v good_a store_n and_o variety_n of_o fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n 〈◊〉_d quaity_n 〈◊〉_d the_o 〈◊〉_d compare_v in_o general_a with_o that_o of_o england_n be_v not_o near_o so_o good_a it_o be_v common_o more_o fit_a for_o pasture_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v very_o well_o water_v where_o the_o surface_n be_v lean_a there_o be_v find_v metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o considerable_a quanties_n of_o lead_n be_v export_v yearly_o there_o be_v also_o good_a copper_n but_o they_o will_v not_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o work_v it_o but_o in_o much_o of_o the_o inland_n country_n especial_o where_o it_o lie_v upon_o some_o of_o the_o frith_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o good_a and_o there_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n grow_v that_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n the_o wheat_n be_v frequent_o export_v by_o merchant_n to_o spain_n holland_n and_o norwey_n barley_n grow_v plentiful_o and_o their_o oat_n be_v extreme_a good_a afford_v bread_n of_o a_o clean_a and_o wholesome_a nourishment_n in_o the_o low-ground_n they_o have_v store_n of_o pease_n and_o bean_n which_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o feed_n be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o labour_a people_n in_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v not_o so_o fit_a for_o grain_n these_o grow_v great_a wood_n of_o timber_n to_o a_o vast_a bigness_n especial_o firr-tree_n which_o be_v find_v to_o thrive_v best_a in_o stony_a ground_n spring_n of_o mineral-water_n which_o the_o people_n find_v useful_a in_o several_a disease_n be_v common_a enough_o no_o country_n be_v better_a provide_v with_o fish_n beside_o flock_n of_o small_a whale_n the_o porpess_n and_o the_o meerswine_n frequent_o cast_v in_o great_a whale_n of_o the_o baleen_n or_o whale-bone_n kind_a and_o of_o the_o sperma_fw-la ceti_fw-la kind_n be_v cast_v now_o and_o then_o upon_o several_a part_n of_o the_o shore_n beside_o the_o grain_n and_o other_o commodity_n already_o name_v the_o merchant_n export_n alabaster_n linen_n and_o woollen_a cloth_n freeze_v plaid_n play_v stuff_n stocking_n malt_n and_o meal_n skin_n of_o rabbit_n hare_n etc._n etc._n fish_n egg_n ochre_n marble_n coal_n and_o salt_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v very_o early_o plant_v here_o scoâ—land_n chrisâ—nity_n 〈◊〉_d in_o scoâ—land_n for_o tertullian_n word_n britannorum_fw-la inaccessa_fw-la romanis_n loca_fw-la christo_fw-la verò_fw-la subdita_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o separate_v by_o a_o wall_n from_o that_o part_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n the_o religion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n establish_v by_o law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o confession_n of_o faith_n authorise_a in_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o and_o define_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o say_a confession_n to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n for_o the_o promotion_n of_o learning_n they_o have_v four_o university_n st._n andrews_n glasgow_n aberdeen_n scoâ—land_n learnâ—â—â—_n in_o scoâ—land_n and_o edinburgh_n wherein_o be_v professor_n of_o most_o of_o the_o liberal_a art_n endow_v with_o competent_a salary_n the_o division_n of_o scotland_n all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o pict_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o nation_n the_o dicalidonii_n and_o vecturiones_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o out_o of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o when_o the_o scot_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o this_o tract_n it_o be_v share_v into_o seven_o part_n among_o seven_o prince_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o a_o little_a ancient_a book_n of_o the_o division_n of_o scotland_n in_o these_o word_n the_o first_o part_n contain_v enegus_fw-la and_o maern_n the_o second_o atheodl_n and_o goverin_n the_o three_o stradeern_a with_o meneted_a the_o four_o be_v forthever_o the_o five_o mar_n with_o buchen_n the_o six_o muref_n and_o ross_n the_o seven_o cathness_n which_o mound_n a_o mountain_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n run_v along_o from_o the_o western_a to_o the_o eastern_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o same_o author_n report_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o cathness_n that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v divide_v likewise_o into_o seven_o territory_n the_o first_o from_o fryth_n so_o term_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o roman_n worid_n now_o scottwade_v to_o the_o river_n tae_n the_o second_o from_o hilef_n as_o the_o sea_n surround_v it_o to_o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o sterling_n name_v athran_n the_o three_o from_o hilef_n to_o dee_fw-mi the_o four_o from_o dee_n to_o the_o river_n spe._n the_o five_o from_o spe_fw-mi to_o the_o mountain_n brunalban_n the_o six_o mure_n and_o ross_z the_o seven_o the_o kingdom_n of_o argathel_n as_o it_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o be_v so_o call_v from_o gathelgas_n their_o captain_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o andâ—â—_n 〈…〉_o and._n 〈…〉_o andâ—â—_n manner_n and_o way_n of_o live_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o high-land-man_n and_o low-land-man_n these_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o use_v the_o language_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o english_a the_o other_o more_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a and_o use_v that_o of_o the_o irish_a as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v and_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o out_o of_o this_o division_n i_o exclude_v the_o borderer_n â—â—â—derers_n â—â—â—derers_n because_o they_o by_o the_o bless_a and_o happy_a union_n enjoy_v the_o sunshine_n of_o peace_n on_o every_o side_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o live_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n and_o begin_v be_v sufficient_o tire_v with_o war_n to_o grow_v
high-street_n to_o serve_v the_o town_n with_o water_n there_o be_v here_o also_o a_o college_n of_o justice_n which_o have_v its_o dean_n of_o faculty_n they_o try_v their_o intrants_n or_o candidate_n and_o have_v a_o bibliotheque_fw-fr well_n furnish_v with_o book_n of_o law_n and_o history_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o do_v likewise_o erect_v at_o edinburg_n a_o college_n of_o physician_n give_v they_o by_o a_o patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n a_o ample_a jurisdiction_n within_o this_o city_n and_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o appoint_v the_o judicature_n to_o concur_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o decreet_n by_o a_o latter_a grant_v they_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o profess_v physic_n they_o have_v their_o conference_n once_o a_o month_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o medicine_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o erect_v a_o library_n near_o to_o this_o city_n be_v leith_n a_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n as_o this_o country_n have_v at_o present_a several_a considerable_a house_n whereof_o hawthornden_n be_v famous_a for_o its_o cave_n hew_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n and_o roslin_n for_o the_o scotiae_fw-la the_o vide_fw-la theatrâ—â—_n scotiae_fw-la stately_a chapel_n so_o can_v it_o produce_v some_o remains_o of_o antiquity_n for_o near_o the_o town_n of_o cramond_n at_o which_o salmon_n and_o several_a other_o fish_n be_v take_v many_o stone_n have_v be_v dug_n up_o with_o roman_a inscription_n also_o in_o the_o ground_n of_o inglistown_n belong_v to_o hugh_n wallace_n be_v find_v not_o long_o ago_o two_o stone_n part_n of_o a_o pillar_n upon_o one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o lawrel-crown_n upon_o the_o other_o the_o long_a of_o the_o two_o there_o be_v on_o each_o side_n the_o roman_a securis_fw-la the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v break_v off_o but_o by_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o roman_a arm_n describe_v by_o tacitus_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n agricola_n government_n and_o since_o only_o the_o emperor_n name_n be_v strike_v off_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o statue_n and_o inscription_n of_o domitian_n be_v deface_v one_o may_v probable_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v erect_v in_o honour_n of_o that_o emperor_n what_o remain_v of_o it_o be_v this_o aug._n cos._n iu._n germanicus_n pontifex_fw-la max._n these_o stone_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o garden_n at_o edinburgh_n belong_v to_o sir_n robert_n sibbalds_n doctor_n of_o physic_n next_o the_o antiquity_n 24._o antiquity_n scotia_n ilustrat_n cap._n 10._o p_o 24._o that_o note_a spring_n two_o mile_n south_n of_o edinburgh_n deserve_v our_o notice_n the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v st._n catharine's-well_a though_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o oily_a well_o because_o it_o send_v up_o along_o with_o the_o water_n a_o oil_n or_o balsam_n which_o swim_v upon_o it_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v exceed_o good_a not_o only_o for_o the_o cure_n of_o scab_n but_o likewise_o of_o any_o pain_n proceed_v from_o cold_a as_o also_o for_o strengthen_v and_o put_v life_n into_o any_o decay_a part_n it_o have_v two_o presbytery_n edinburg_n and_o dalkeith_n f_o the_o shire_n of_o linlithgow_n call_v west-lothian_n west-lotâ—ian_a west-lotâ—ian_a take_v its_o name_n from_o linlithgow_n the_o head_n burgh_n and_o have_v on_o the_o north_n the_o forth_o be_v divide_v from_o mid-lothian_n toawrds_fw-mi the_o south_n and_o east_n by_o the_o water_n of_o almond_n and_o breichwater_n to_o the_o northwest_n it_o meet_v with_o part_n of_o stirlingshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o clidisdale_n it_o be_v in_o length_n 14_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n about_o nine_o it_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o coal_n limestone_n and_o of_o white_a salt_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o a_o silver_n i_o be_v find_v in_o it_o out_o of_o which_o they_o get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o silver_n the_o town_n of_o linlithgow_n linlithgow_n linlithgow_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n â—â—â—â—ae_fw-la author_n â—heatr_n â—â—â—â—ae_fw-la be_v a_o royal-burgh_n well_o build_v and_o be_v accommodate_v with_o fountain_n that_o furnish_v water_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o a_o stately_a townhouse_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n and_o with_o a_o harbour_n at_o blackness_n but_o it_o be_v great_a ornament_n be_v the_o king_n house_n which_o stand_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n that_o run_v almost_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o loch_n and_o look_n like_o a_o amphitheatre_n have_v terras-walks_a as_o it_o be_v and_o a_o descent_n from_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o top_n where_o the_o castle_n stand_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a the_o court_n have_v apartment_n like_o tower_n upon_o the_o four_o corner_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o stately_a fountain_n adorn_v with_o several_a curious_a statue_n the_o water_n whereof_o rise_v to_o a_o good_a height_n the_o levingston_n earl_n of_o this_o place_n be_v hereditary_a keeper_n of_o it_o as_o they_o be_v also_o hereditary_a bailiff_n of_o the_o king_n bailifry_n and_o hereditary_a constable_n of_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o blackness_n near_o the_o palace_n upon_o a_o level_n with_o it_o stand_v the_o church_n a_o curious_a work_n of_o fine_a stone_n nor_o ought_v we_o to_o omit_v borrostoness_n â—â—â—â—â—stoâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—â—â—â—stoâ—â—â—â—_n north_n from_o hence_o upon_o the_o sea-coast_n erect_v into_o a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n by_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o hamilton_n who_o have_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n his_o castle_n of_o kineil_n of_o late_o adorn_v with_o large_a park_n and_o stately_a avenue_n torphichen_n â—â—â—phiâ—â—â—n_n â—â—â—phiâ—â—â—n_n to_o the_o south_n of_o linlithgow_n deserve_v also_o our_o notice_n as_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o once_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o now_o give_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n to_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o name_n of_o sandiland_n and_o bathgate_n bathgate_n bathgate_n the_o parish_n whereof_o be_v erect_v into_o a_o sherifdom_n by_o itself_o and_o as_o the_o town_n so_o also_o some_o house_n of_o note_n require_v our_o mention_n nidry-castle_n nidry_n nidry_n south-west_n from_o linlithgow_n upon_o a_o river_n the_o manor_n of_o sir_n charles_n hope_v who_o by_o these_o land_n be_v hereditary_a bailif_n of_o the_o regality_n of_o kirkliston_n and_o by_o the_o barony_n of_o abercorn_n be_v hereditary_a sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o north_n from_o thence_o dundass_n dundass_n dundass_n former_o a_o fortification_n now_o adorn_v with_o park_n and_o fine_a garden_n wherein_o be_v many_o curious_a plant_n by_o the_o care_n of_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n mr._n patrick_n murray_n the_o owner_n thereof_o who_o whilst_o he_o live_v be_v the_o ornament_n of_o his_o country_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o west_n between_o this_o and_o linlithgow_n be_v the_o bin_n bin_n bin_n the_o residence_n of_o general_n dolzâ—ll_o adorn_v by_o his_o excellence_n with_o avenue_n large_a park_n and_o fine_a garden_n after_o he_o have_v procure_v himself_o a_o last_a name_n in_o the_o war_n here_o it_o be_v that_o he_o fix_v his_o old_a age_n and_o please_v himself_o with_o the_o culture_n of_o curious_a flower_n and_o plant_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o coast_n medop_n medop_n medop_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o linlithgow_n famous_a likewise_o for_o its_o fine_a garden_n which_o the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a earl_n enclose_v with_o high_a wall_n furnish_v with_o orange-tree_n and_o such_o like_a curious_a exotick_n but_o from_o the_o present_a place_n to_o descend_v to_o those_o of_o antiquity_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o kipps_n kipps_n kipps_n south_n from_o linlithgow_n there_o be_v a_o ancient_a altar_n of_o great_a stone_n unpolished_a so_o place_v as_o each_o of_o they_o do_v support_v another_o and_o no_o one_o can_v stand_v without_o lean_v upon_o another_o hard_o by_o it_o there_o be_v several_a great_a stone_n set_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o two_o adjacent_a hill_n the_o remain_v of_o old_a camp_n with_o great_a heap_n of_o stone_n and_o ancient_a grave_n some_o mile_n also_o to_o the_o west_n of_o queens-ferry_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n be_v abercorn-castle_n castle_n abercorn_n castle_n near_o which_o place_n bede_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_a wall_n begin_v one_o may_v trace_v it_o along_o towards_o cariddin_n where_o a_o figure_a stone_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o a_o gold_n medal_n be_v find_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n about_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o this_o there_o be_v a_o village_n which_o still_o keep_v the_o remain_v of_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v call_v walltoun_n from_o the_o name_n and_o the_o artificial_a mount_n cast_v up_o there_o one_o will_v believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o bede_n call_v penvalltoun_n the_o tract_n of_o the_o wall_n appear_v in_o several_a place_n between_o this_o and_o kinweill_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o
dunrobin_n castle_n a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o these_o part_n addition_n part_n see_v the_o addition_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a earl_n of_o sutherland_n sutherland_n earl_n of_o sutherland_n of_o the_o family_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o of_o murray_n of_o who_o william_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n brus_n be_v most_o famous_a who_o marry_v k._n david_n own_o sister_n and_o have_v by_o she_o a_o son_n who_o k._n david_n declare_v his_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o noble_n swear_v allegiance_n but_o he_o die_v a_o little_a after_o without_o issue_n and_o the_o earldom_n in_o the_o end_n come_v hereditary_o by_o a_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o a._n gordon_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o huntley_n o_fw-la cathnes_n somewhat_o high_a lie_v cathnes_n butt_v upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o many_o wind_n and_o break_n of_o the_o shore_n here_o in_o ptolemie_n time_n dwell_v the_o catini_n false_o write_v in_o some_o copy_n carini_n carini_n the_o carini_n among_o who_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n place_n the_o river_n ila_n ila_n the_o river_n ila_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o now_o wifle_n graze_v and_o fish_v be_v the_o chief_a income_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n the_o chief_a castle_n therein_o be_v call_v girnego_n the_o general_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n the_o episcopal_a see_v be_v at_o dornok_n a_o village_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o obscure_a where_o likewise_o k._n james_n the_o four_o appoint_v the_o sheriff_n of_o cathnes_n to_o reside_v or_o else_o at_o wik_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v justice_n require_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n cathâ—â—â—_n earl_n 〈◊〉_d cathâ—â—â—_n be_v ancient_o the_o same_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o orcades_n but_o afterward_o become_v distinct_a and_o by_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o one_o malise_n give_v in_o marriage_n to_o william_n sincler_n the_o king_n pantler_n his_o posterity_n come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v earl_n of_o cathnes_n which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v p_o strathnavern_a the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o shore_n look_v full_a against_o the_o north-pole_n and_o have_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o tail_n of_o ursa_n major_n which_o as_o cardan_n be_v of_o opinion_n cause_n translation_n of_o empire_n just_a over_o its_o head_n be_v inhabit_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o ptolemy_n by_o the_o cornabii_n cornabii_n cornabii_n among_o they_o he_o place_v the_o river_n nabeus_n riveâ—_n nabeus_n a_o riveâ—_n which_o name_n be_v so_o near_o relate_v in_o sound_n that_o the_o people_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n they_o dwell_v upon_o neither_o be_v the_o modern_a name_n strathnavern_a that_o be_v the_o valley_n by_o the_o navern_n altogether_o unlike_o they_o in_o sound_n this_o country_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v of_o its_o fertility_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v very_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o thereupon_o extreme_o infest_a with_o the_o fierce_a of_o wolf_n wolf_n wolf_n which_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o country_n not_o only_o furious_o set_v upon_o whole_a drove_n of_o cattle_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o to_o their_o manifest_a danger_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o many_o other_o part_n of_o scotland_n the_o sheriff_n and_o respective_a inhabitant_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o their_o several_a sheriffdom_n to_o go_v a_o hunt_n thrice_o every_o year_n to_o destroy_v the_o wolf_n and_o their_o whelp_n but_o if_o in_o this_o northern_a country_n that_o may_v be_v any_o comfort_n to_o they_o it_o certain_o of_o all_o britain_n have_v the_o short_a night_n and_o long_a day_n for_o by_o its_o be_v distance_v 59_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o long_a day_n day_n the_o longeâ—â—_n day_n be_v 18_o hour_n and_o 25_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a panegyrist_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o set_v at_o all_o here_o but_o slip_v aside_o and_o glance_v upon_o the_o horizon_n rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o tacitus_n that_o the_o extreme_a point_n and_o plain_a level_v of_o the_o earth_n have_v low_a shade_n raise_v up_o no_o darkness_n at_o all_o but_o pliny_n speak_v more_o truth_n and_o reason_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o long_a day_n according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o solar_n circle_n to_o the_o horizon_n the_o long_a day_n say_v he_o in_o italy_n be_v fifteen_o hour_n in_o britain_n seventeen_o where_o the_o light_a night_n in_o summer_n prove_v that_o by_o experience_n which_o reason_n will_v oblige_v one_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o solstice_n when_o the_o sun_n approach_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v day_n six_o month_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—â—sto_fw-it 〈…〉_o through_o the_o light_n be_v have_v but_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o night_n for_o so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v far_o remote_a in_o winter_n in_o this_o utmost_a tract_n by_o ptolemy_n carry_v far_o eastward_o whereas_o indeed_o it_o bear_v full_a north_n for_o which_o roger_n bacon_n in_o his_o geography_n tax_v he_o long_o ago_o tacitus_n say_v that_o a_o prodigious_a vast_a space_n of_o land_n run_v out_o in_o length_n and_o grow_v narrow_a like_o a_o wedge_n here_o three_o promontory_n shoot_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n berubium_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—iâ—um_fw-la 〈…〉_o now_o urdehead_n near_o the_o village_n bernswale_n virvedrum_n now_o dunsby_n alias_o duncansbay_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o remote_a promontory_n of_o britain_n orcas_n now_o howburn_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o the_o orcades_n as_o the_o utmost_a of_o they_o all_o this_o be_v likewise_o call_v by_o ptolemy_n tarvedrum_n and_o tarvisium_n martiano_n tarvisium_n tarvodanum_n martiano_n so_o name_v if_o i_o guess_v aright_o because_o it_o determine_v britain_n for_o tarvus_n signify_v what_o tarvus_n signify_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o end_n with_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o book_n i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o orcade_n ebudes_n and_o shetland_n shetland_n shetland_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n thus_o have_v i_o run_v over_o scotland_n more_o brief_o than_o the_o dignity_n of_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n deserve_v nor_o do_v i_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o that_o some_o one_o hereafter_o may_v give_v a_o large_a draught_n of_o it_o with_o a_o more_o exquisite_a pen_n with_o more_o certainty_n and_o better_a information_n since_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o great_a of_o prince_n have_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o we_o these_o remote_a country_n hitherto_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o vigilant_a as_o i_o ought_v the_o most_o watchful_a may_v sometime_o take_v a_o nod_n or_o if_o any_o mistake_n in_o this_o unknown_a tract_n have_v lead_v i_o from_o the_o truth_n as_o nothing_o be_v so_o common_a as_o error_n i_o hope_v the_o courteous_a reader_n upon_o my_o own_n it_o will_v grant_v i_o a_o pardon_n and_o kind_o direct_v i_o into_o the_o right_a way_n addition_n to_o caledonia_n in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o part_n of_o scotland_n before_o we_o come_v to_o fife_n which_o our_o author_n first_o touch_v upon_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o two_o little_a shire_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n clackmanan_n shire_n and_o kinross-shire_n re_fw-mi â—â—imaâ—â—_n re_fw-mi asleep_o clackmanan-shire_n so_o call_v from_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o it_o clackmanan_n be_v bound_v to_o the_o north_n by_o the_o ochill_n hill_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o firth_n of_o forth_n to_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o perthshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o sterlingshire_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o where_o broad_a but_o five_o towards_o the_o firth_n it_o be_v a_o plain_a country_n and_o a_o fertile_a soil_n the_o rest_n be_v fit_a for_o pasture_n but_o that_o below_o the_o ochill-hill_n abound_v both_o with_o grain_n and_o pasture_n about_o alloa_n and_o clackmanan_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o coal-pit_n the_o coal_n whereof_o together_o with_o their_o salt_n furnish_v a_o foreign_a trade_n it_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n devan_n which_o run_v six_o mile_n through_o the_o shire_n â—â—â—maâ—_n â—â—â—maâ—_n clackmanan_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v a_o stately_a dwell_n with_o fine_a garden_n and_o good_a enclosure_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alloa_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n with_o a_o small_a haven_n for_o ship_n
the_o british_a bishop_n seem_v no_o less_o to_o have_v despise_v riches_n for_o they_o have_v no_o subsistence_n of_o their_o own_o thus_o as_o we_o find_v in_o sulpitius_n severus_n bishop_n the_o british_a bishop_n the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o council_n hold_v at_o rhimini_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o public_a have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o the_o saxon_n in_o that_o age_n flock_v hither_o as_o to_o the_o great_a mart_n for_o learning_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o find_v this_o so_o often_o in_o our_o writer_n such_o a_o one_o be_v send_v over_o into_o ireland_n to_o be_v educate_v 27._o educate_v vide_fw-la bed_n lib._n 3._o c._n 7_o &_o 27._o and_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o life_n of_o sulgenus_n who_o flourish_v 600_o year_n ago_o exemplo_fw-la patrum_fw-la commotus_fw-la amore_fw-la legendi_fw-la jvit_fw-la ad_fw-la hibernos_fw-la sophia_n mirabile_fw-la claros_fw-la with_o love_n of_o learning_n and_o example_n fire_v to_o ireland_n fame_v for_o wisdom_n he_o repair_v iâ—â—sh_n the_o satin_n â—â—em_v to_o the_o borrow_a â—â—eir_n letâ—â—â—s_v from_o 〈◊〉_d iâ—â—sh_n and_o perhaps_o our_o forefather_n the_o saxon_n take_v the_o draught_n and_o form_n of_o their_o letter_n from_o they_o their_o character_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o at_o this_o day_n use_v in_o ireland_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n to_o admire_v that_o ireland_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v now_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a and_o without_o the_o glory_n of_o polite_a literature_n another_o religion_n and_o learning_n flourish_v sometime_o in_o one_o country_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o be_v so_o full_a of_o pious_a and_o great_a wit_n in_o that_o age_n wherein_o learning_n be_v little_o heed_v throughout_o christendom_n when_o the_o wisdom_n of_o providence_n have_v so_o order_v it_o that_o religion_n and_o learning_n shall_v grow_v and_o flourish_v sometime_o in_o one_o nation_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o every_o transplantation_n a_o new_a growth_n may_v shoot_v up_o and_o flourish_v to_o his_o glory_n and_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n however_o the_o outrage_n of_o war_n by_o little_a and_o little_a soon_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o pursuit_n and_o study_n of_o religion_n and_o learning_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 644_o egfrÃd_a king_n of_o northumberland_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n spoil_v ireland_n which_o be_v then_o a_o very_a kind_a ally_n to_o england_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o be_v most_o sad_o complain_v of_o by_o bede_n after_o the_o norwegian_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o turgesius_n norwegi_n ireland_n waist_n d_o by_o the_o norwegi_n waste_v this_o country_n in_o a_o most_o dismal_a manner_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 30_o year_n together_o but_o he_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o a_o ambush_n lay_v for_o he_o the_o inhabitant_n fall_v upon_o the_o norwegian_n and_o make_v such_o a_o entire_a defeat_n of_o they_o that_o hardly_o so_o much_o as_o one_o escape_v now_o these_o norwegian_n be_v without_o doubt_n those_o norman_n who_o as_o rheginus_n tell_v we_o in_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v time_n invade_v ireland_n a_o island_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o they_o afterward_o aitisti_fw-la oustmanni_n those_o perhaps_o who_o tac._n call_v aestiâ—n_n s_o eginâ—rdâ—s_n aitisti_fw-la the_o oustmanni_n i.e._n the_o east-man_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o germany_n into_o ireland_n where_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n be_v admit_v into_o some_o city_n in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o begin_v a_o very_a dangerous_a war_n much_o about_o this_o time_n edgar_n the_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o english_a conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n for_o thus_o we_o find_v it_o in_o a_o certain_a charter_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o god_n have_v gracious_o grant_v together_o with_o the_o empire_n of_o england_n the_o dominion_n over_o all_o the_o 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fort_n by_o our_o provident_a forefather_n to_o preserve_v the_o country_n against_o inroad_n then_o it_o fall_v from_o a_o huge_a mouth_n into_o the_o brâ—danicum_n the_o call_v by_o otherâ—_n marc_n brâ—danicum_n western_a ocean_n beyond_o knoc-patrick_n i.e._n patrick_n hill_n for_o so_o necham_n call_v it_o in_o these_o verse_n of_o his_o upon_o the_o shanon_n fluminibus_fw-la magnis_fw-la laetatur_fw-la hibernia_n sineus_n inter_fw-la connatiam_fw-la momoniamque_fw-la fluit_fw-la transit_fw-la per_fw-la muros_fw-la limerici_fw-la knoc_z patric_n illum_fw-la oceani_fw-la clausum_fw-la sub_fw-la ditione_n videt_fw-la great_a stream_n do_v ireland_n happy_a tract_n adorn_v shanon_n between_o conaught_n and_o munster_n bear_v by_o limerick_n wall_n he_o cut_v his_o boundless_a way_n and_o at_o knoc-patrick_n shore_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o sea_n conaght_n the_o four_o part_n of_o ireland_n which_o look_v westward_o enclose_v with_o the_o river_n shanon_n the_o outlet_a of_o lough_n 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messagetem_fw-la monstrans_fw-la feritate_fw-la parentem_fw-la cornipedis_fw-la susa_fw-la satiaris_fw-la concane_n vena_fw-la concans_n that_o prove_v themselves_o of_o scythian_a strain_n and_o horse_n blood_n drink_v from_o the_o reek_a vein_n and_o horace_n also_o et_fw-la laetum_fw-la equino_fw-la sanguine_fw-la concanum_fw-la and_o concans_n warm_a with_o horse_n blood_n unless_o perhaps_o conaughty_n this_o irish_a name_n can_v be_v think_v compound_v of_o concani_n and_o nagnatae_n the_o country_n as_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a so_o in_o other_o that_o be_v wet_a and_o marshy_a call_v bogh_n from_o their_o softness_n which_o be_v common_a also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n it_o be_v dangerous_a but_o produce_v good_a grass_n and_o very_o much_o wood_n the_o sea-coast_n have_v so_o many_o bay_n and_o navigable_a river_n in_o it_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o invite_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o navigation_n however_o these_o advantage_n have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o this_o people_n so_o charm_v with_o sloth_n and_o idleness_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o live_v by_o beg_v than_o supply_v their_o own_o want_n by_o their_o own_o labour_n at_o present_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o county_n twomond_n or_o clare_n gallway_n maio_n slego_n letrim_n and_o roscoman_n the_o concani_n above_o mention_v people_v the_o south_n part_n of_o conaght_n where_o now_o lie_v the_o county_n of_o twomond_n or_o clare_n gallway_n the_o territory_n of_o clan-richard_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o atterith_n twomond_n or_o the_o county_n of_o clare_n twomon_n or_o twomond_n by_o giraldus_n thuetmonia_n by_o the_o irish_a towown_n i.e._n the_o north-mounster_n shoot_v out_o with_o a_o very_a great_a promontory_n which_o taper_n by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o lie_v beyond_o the_o shanon_n yet_o it_o be_v day_n be_v it_o have_v be_v since_o make_v part_n of_o munster_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o earl_n 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much_o conduce_v to_o the_o wealth_n of_o it_o not_o far_o from_o the_o shanon_n stand_v county_n stand_v bunratty_a and_o clare_n be_v at_o this_o day_n very_o sorry_a village_n ennis_n be_v the_o shire-town_n and_o by_o much_o the_o best_a in_o the_o county_n bunraty_a bunraty_n bunraty_n for_o which_o robert_n which_o sir_n robert_n robert_n muscegros_n obtain_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o market_n and_o fair_a from_o king_n henry_n 3._o and_o after_o he_o have_v also_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o castle_n he_o give_v it_o to_o king_n edward_n who_o give_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a county_n to_o richard_n clare_n already_o mention_v seven_o mile_n from_o hence_o stand_v clare_n clare_n clare_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o this_o county_n upon_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o shanon_n full_a of_o island_n and_o these_o be_v the_o 2_o only_a market-town_n in_o this_o shire_n many_o of_o those_o english_a who_o be_v former_o transplant_v hither_o be_v either_o root_v out_o degenerarunt_fw-la out_o 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and_o have_v a_o son_n donogh_n the_o four_o earl_n who_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o loyalty_n to_o his_o king_n and_o country_n the_o county_n of_o gallway_n the_o county_n of_o gallway_n on_o the_o south_n border_n upon_o clare_n on_o the_o west_n upon_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o county_n of_o meth_n and_o on_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o river_n shanon_n the_o soil_n very_o well_o requite_v the_o pain_n both_o of_o the_o husbandman_n and_o the_o shepherd_n the_o westside_n be_v much_o chop_v and_o dint_v with_o many_o little_a aestuary_n border_v all_o along_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o green_a island_n and_o rugged_a rock_n among_o they_o be_v the_o four_o island_n call_v arran_n â—ron_n 〈◊〉_d of_o â—ron_n which_o make_v a_o barony_n fabulous_o talk_v of_o as_o if_o they_o be_v the_o island_n of_o the_o live_a be_v the_o inhabitant_n exempt_v from_o the_o common_a fate_n of_o mortal_n next_o inis-ceath_a former_o famous_a for_o a_o 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if_o these_o vice_n have_v not_o continue_v among_o they_o even_o till_o our_o time_n the_o right_a of_o succession_n have_v be_v more_o certain_a and_o neither_o the_o gentry_n nor_o commonalty_n so_o much_o stain_v with_o the_o blood_n and_o murder_n of_o their_o own_o relation_n about_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n nor_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o infamous_a among_o foreign_a nation_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o this_o fall_v not_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o design_n this_o archiepiscopal_a dignity_n have_v not_o be_v long_o institute_v till_o it_o be_v again_o confirm_v by_o vivian_n the_o pope_n legate_n so_o that_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o prefer_v the_o see_v of_o armagh_n and_o make_v it_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o canterbury_n plead_v that_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o upper_a seat_n in_o all_o general_n council_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o empty_a for_o armagh_n be_v the_o young_a sister_n by_o many_o age_n and_o beside_o precedence_n in_o general_a council_n be_v never_o give_v according_a to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o see_v 14._o lib._n 1._o of_o â—oly_a ceremony_n sâ—â—t_fw-la 14._o but_o all_o prelate_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o take_v place_n among_o their_o fellow_n according_a to_o their_o ordination_n or_o promotion_n during_o vivian's_n abode_n in_o ireland_n armagh_n be_v reduce_v and_o subject_v to_o the_o english_a by_o curcy_n by_o sir_n john_n curcy_n john_n de_fw-fr curcy_n who_o do_v little_o hurt_v to_o the_o country_n but_o be_v very_o favourable_a to_o the_o religious_a there_o and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v repair_v the_o church_n which_o since_o our_o time_n be_v burn_v together_o with_o the_o whole_a city_n by_o john_n o-neal_n so_o that_o nothing_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n but_o some_o few_o wattle_a cottage_n and_o the_o ruinous_a wall_n of_o the_o monastery_n priory_n and_o archbishops_n palace_n among_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o see_v the_o most_o eminent_a be_v s._n malachy_n the_o first_o that_o restrain_v clerk_n from_o marry_v in_o ireland_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o piety_n in_o that_o age_n and_o who_o be_v no_o more_o taint_v with_o the_o barbarity_n of_o the_o country_n than_o sea-fish_n with_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n as_o s._n bernard_n who_o write_v his_o life_n at_o large_a have_v tell_v we_o then_o richard_n fitz-raulf_a common_o call_v armachanus_fw-la who_o write_v very_o sharp_o against_o the_o friar_n mendicant_n about_o the_o year_n 1355_o abhor_v that_o voluntary_a way_n of_o beggary_n in_o a_o christian_n near_a armagh_n upon_o a_o hill_n be_v still_o visible_a the_o remain_v of_o a_o old_a castle_n call_v owen-maugh_a which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o habitation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o ulster_n more_o to_o the_o east_n lie_v blackwater_n in_o irish_a more_n i.e._n great_a which_o be_v the_o boundary_a between_o this_o county_n and_o tir_n oenone_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n in_o and_o about_o this_o county_n all_o the_o power_n and_o interest_n be_v in_o the_o mac_n genises_n o-hanlons_a o-hagans_n and_o many_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o o-neals_a who_o have_v distinguish_v themselves_o by_o several_a surname_n the_o county_n of_o down._n next_o on_o the_o east_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o down_o very_o large_a and_o fruitful_a reach_v as_o far_o as_o as_o the_o irish_a sea_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o lough_n eaugh_n or_o as_o it_o be_v call_v by_o a_o late_a name_n logh-sidney_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o river_n newry_n upon_o this_o river_n at_o its_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o county_n a_o town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v build_v and_o fortify_v since_o our_o memory_n by_o nicholas_n by_o sir_n nicholas_n nicholas_n bagnal_n martial_n of_o ireland_n who_o by_o his_o excellent_a conduct_n do_v many_o memorable_a exploit_n here_o and_z and_o very_o much_o improve_v the_o county_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v the_o river_n ban_n the_o less_o so_o call_v from_o the_o solitary_a mountain_n of_o mourn_v from_o whence_o it_o rise_v and_o run_v through_o the_o territory_n of_o evaugh_v of_o it_o be_v call_v evaugh_v eaugh_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o mac_n gynnis_n gynger_n â—ac_fw-la gynger_n who_o have_v former_o a_o sharp_a contest_v with_o the_o o_o neal_n that_o tyrannize_v in_o ulster_n etc._n ulster_n whether_o they_o be_v vassal_n to_o o-neal_n and_o whither_o etc._n etc._n whether_o they_o shall_v find_v o_o neal_n soldier_n provision_n etc._n etc._n which_o kind_n of_o service_n they_o call_v bonoghty_a it_o have_v also_o a_o episcopal_a see_v at_o dramore_n above_o which_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o lough-neagth_a the_o lough-neagth_a lough_n eaugh_n lie_v the_o territory_n of_o killulto_fw-la of_o killulto_fw-la kilwlto_n and_o kilwarny_n much_o encumber_v with_o wood_n and_o bog_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o inner_a part_n upon_o the_o coast_n the_o sea_n insinuate_v itself_o with_o so_o many_o chap_n and_o creek_n and_o the_o lough_n spread_v itself_o so_o very_o much_o near_o dyffrin_n a_o woody_a vale_n heretofore_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o mandevil_n and_o since_o of_o the_o whites_n that_o it_o make_v two_o chersonese_n lecal_v lecal_n lecal_n on_o the_o south_n and_o ardes_fw-la on_o the_o aquiâ—â—â—e_n aquiâ—â—â—e_n north_n lecal_n be_v a_o rich_a soil_n the_o remote_a part_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o east_n the_o utmost_a promontory_n in_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o the_o mariner_n s._n john_n foreland_n â—â—nium_fw-la the_o proâ—â—â—ory_n â—â—nium_fw-la but_o by_o ptolemy_n isanium_fw-la which_o perhaps_o come_v from_o isa_n a_o british_a word_n signify_v low_a in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o it_o stand_v dunum_n â—â—â—um_fw-la â—â—â—um_fw-la a_o flourish_a town_n take_v notice_n of_o by_o that_o name_n in_o ptolemy_n but_o not_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v now_o call_v down_o â—â—â—n_n â—â—â—n_n be_v very_o ancient_a a_o bishop_n see_v and_o remarkable_a for_o the_o tomb_n of_o patrick_n â—â—â—â—chre_z patricksâ—â—â—â—chre_n â—â—â—â—chre_z brigid_n and_o columba_n who_o have_v this_o rhyme_a distich_n write_v upon_o they_o he_o tres_fw-fr in_o duno_n tumulo_fw-la tumulantur_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la brigida_n patricius_n atque_fw-la columba_n pius_fw-la one_o tomb_n three_o saint_n contain_v one_o vault_n below_o do_v brigid_n patrick_n and_o columba_n show_v this_o monument_n of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v demolish_v by_o leonard_n grace_n lord_n deputy_n in_o henry_n the_o eighth_n time_n for_o certain_a upon_o his_o be_v accuse_v of_o maladministration_n and_o find_v guilty_a the_o profanation_n of_o s._n patrick_n church_n be_v among_o other_o thing_n object_v against_o he_o the_o religious_a have_v contend_v as_o much_o about_o the_o burial-place_n of_o this_o s._n patrick_n as_o ever_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n do_v about_o the_o native_a country_n of_o homer_n those_o of_o down_o will_v have_v it_o among_o they_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o verse_n aforesaid_a those_o of_o armagh_n fix_v it_o among_o they_o from_o that_o passage_n but_o now_o cite_v from_o s._n bernard_n the_o monk_n of_o glastenbury_n in_o england_n have_v challenge_v it_o and_o offer_v the_o record_n and_o monument_n of_o their_o abbey_n to_o clear_v and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n and_o last_o the_o scot_n some_o of_o they_o affirm_v he_o not_o only_o to_o be_v bear_v near_o glascow_n among_o they_o but_o bury_v there_o too_o kirk-patrick_n too_o at_o kirk-patrick_n in_o this_o down_o john_n curcy_n a_o warlike_a englishman_n and_o far_o more_o devout_a than_o general_o soldier_n be_v first_o settle_v the_o benedictine_n monk_n after_o he_o have_v reduce_v these_o part_n and_o translate_v the_o monastery_n of_o carick_n which_o mac_n eulef_n king_n of_o ulster_n have_v build_v in_o erinaich_n near_o s._n finin_n mac-nell's_a fountain_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o ynis-curcy_a so_o call_v from_o he_o and_o by_o he_o well_o endow_v with_o land_n and_o tenement_n before_o that_o monastiry_n endowment_n of_o monastiry_n the_o monk_n of_o ireland_n like_o those_o ancient_o in_o egypt_n who_o order_n the_o pious_a congellus_n that_o be_v as_o they_o interpret_v it_o a_o fair_a pledge_n bring_v into_o ireland_n be_v whole_o devote_v to_o prayer_n and_o so_o industrious_a as_o not_o only_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o want_n but_o those_o of_o other_o by_o the_o labour_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n but_o this_o like_o all_o humane_a institution_n be_v but_o short_a live_v their_o manner_n corrupt_v and_o riches_n by_o little_a stifle_v that_o piety_n which_o first_o give_v they_o be_v in_o the_o world_n robert_n monachorum_fw-la roberd_n de_fw-fr mons_fw-la de_fw-fr immutatione_n ordinis_fw-la monachorum_fw-la abbot_n of_o molism_n in_o burgundy_n take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o recover_v this_o ancient_a discipline_n persuade_v his_o disciple_n to_o live_v by_o
prefix_v to_o their_o name_n be_v not_o ashamed_a of_o these_o appellation_n it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o foreboding_a a_o speedy_a death_n to_o the_o parent_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancestor_n to_o give_v his_o or_o their_o name_n to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o they_o decline_v it_o as_o unlawful_a yet_o when_o the_o father_n die_v the_o son_n assume_v his_o name_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v lose_v or_o forget_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o ancestor_n have_v be_v famous_a for_o their_o achievement_n the_o like_a bravery_n be_v expect_v from_o he_o and_o the_o rather_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o poet_n who_o keep_v the_o registâ—â—_n of_o their_o action_n which_o they_o magnify_v with_o great_a â—â—â—â—tion_n and_o liberty_n and_o grow_v very_o rich_a by_o the_o reâ—â—â—â—_n as_o they_o have_v for_o this_o service_n for_o bride_n and_o woâ—â—â—_n great_a with_o child_n think_v it_o scandalous_a if_o they_o be_v not_o bountiful_a in_o present_v their_o best_a clothes_n to_o a_o pâ—rson_n so_o instrumental_a in_o their_o glory_n woman_n within_o six_o day_n after_o their_o delivery_n return_v to_o their_o husband_n bed_n and_o put_v out_o their_o child_n to_o nurse_n great_a application_n be_v make_v from_o far_o and_o near_o to_o be_v nurse_n to_o the_o child_n of_o these_o grandee_n who_o be_v more_o tender_a and_o affectionate_a to_o these_o foster-children_n than_o to_o their_o own_o and_o notwithstanding_o a_o very_a ill_a temper_n of_o body_n in_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o bad_a air_n a_o moist_a soil_n and_o diet_n and_o licentiousness_n for_o want_v of_o law_n nay_o and_o notwithstanding_o they_o think_v it_o a_o disgrace_n to_o suckle_v child_n yet_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o nurse_v these_o man_n and_o wife_n abstain_v from_o each_o other_o and_o in_o case_n they_o do_v otherwise_o they_o find_v another_o nurse_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n the_o nurse_n here_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o maidservant_n they_o think_v it_o worth_a whore_v at_o any_o time_n to_o have_v the_o suckling_n of_o a_o infant_n if_o the_o infant_n be_v sick_a they_o besprinkle_v it_o with_o the_o stale_a urine_n they_o can_v get_v and_o for_o a_o preservative_n against_o all_o misfortune_n they_o hang_v not_o only_o the_o begin_n of_o st._n john_n gospel_n about_o the_o child_n neck_n but_o also_o a_o crooked_a horse-nail_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o wolf_n skin_n for_o this_o very_a purpose_n also_o both_o the_o nurse_n and_o their_o suckling_n wear_v always_o a_o girdle_n of_o woman_n hair_n about_o they_o it_o be_v moreover_o observe_v that_o they_o present_v their_o lover_n with_o bracelet_n wrought_v of_o such_o hair_n whether_o or_o not_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o girdle_n of_o venus_n call_v cestos_fw-la i_o can_v tell_v the_o foster-fathers_n take_v much_o more_o pain_n spend_v much_o more_o money_n and_o show_v more_o affection_n and_o kindness_n to_o these_o child_n than_o to_o their_o own_o they_o claim_v not_o by_o a_o natural_a right_n but_o extort_v clothes_n money_n etc._n etc._n to_o carry_v on_o their_o study_n buy_v they_o arm_n and_o gratify_v their_o lust_n by_o force_n and_o robbery_n all_o that_o have_v suck_v the_o same_o breast_n be_v very_o kind_a and_o love_a and_o confide_v more_o in_o each_o other_o than_o if_o they_o be_v natural_a brother_n so_o that_o they_o have_v even_o a_o aversion_n to_o their_o own_o brother_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o these_o if_o their_o parent_n reprehend_v they_o they_o fly_v to_o their_o foster-fathers_n for_o protection_n by_o who_o they_o be_v often_o excite_v to_o a_o open_a war_n and_o defiance_n against_o they_o so_o that_o be_v second_v and_o bring_v up_o after_o this_o manner_n they_o grow_v the_o vile_a profligate_n in_o nature_n and_o not_o only_o the_o son_n but_o the_o daughter_n be_v spoil_v too_o for_o their_o nurse_n bring_v they_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n if_o one_o of_o these_o foster-children_n happen_v to_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v incredible_a how_o soon_o the_o nurse_n hear_v it_o though_o they_o live_v at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o with_o what_o concern_v they_o attend_v the_o child_n day_n and_o night_n upon_o this_o occasion_n nay_o the_o corruption_n and_o debauchery_n of_o ireland_n be_v it_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o this_o method_n of_o nurse_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o country_n be_v more_o hot_a and_o moist_a than_o any_o other_o by_o reason_n the_o flesh_n of_o the_o native_n be_v particular_o soft_a proceed_v very_o likely_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o their_o frequent_a use_n of_o artificial_a bathe_n this_o softness_n of_o their_o muscle_n make_v they_o also_o extraordinary_a nimble_a and_o pliant_a in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o body_n the_o people_n be_v strange_o give_v to_o idleness_n think_v it_o the_o great_a wealth_n to_o want_v business_n and_o the_o great_a happiness_n to_o have_v liberty_n they_o love_v music_n mighty_o and_o of_o all_o instrument_n be_v particular_o take_v with_o the_o harp_n which_o be_v string_v up_o with_o brass_n wire_n and_o beat_v with_o crooked_a uâ—guiâ—â—â—_n uâ—guiâ—â—â—_n nail_n be_v very_o melodious_a those_o that_o be_v religious_a mortify_v themselves_o with_o wonderful_a austerity_n by_o watch_v pray_v and_o fast_v so_o that_o the_o story_n we_o find_v of_o their_o monk_n heretofore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o incredible_a the_o very_a woman_n and_o maiden_n fast_o every_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n all_o the_o year_n round_o and_o some_o also_o upon_o st._n catherine_n day_n and_o never_o fail_v upon_o a_o christmas_n day_n though_o never_o so_o sick_a to_o the_o end_n some_o say_v that_o the_o virgin_n may_v get_v good_a husband_n and_o that_o the_o wife_n may_v become_v happy_a in_o a_o marry_a state_n either_o by_o the_o death_n or_o desertion_n of_o their_o husband_n or_o else_o by_o their_o reformation_n and_o amendmenc_n but_o such_o among_o they_o as_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o a_o vicious_a course_n be_v the_o vile_a creature_n in_o the_o world_n with_o the_o bark_n of_o alder_n they_o die_v their_o clothes_n black_a in_o die_v yellow_a they_o make_v use_v of_o elder_a berry_n with_o the_o bough_n bark_n and_o leaf_n of_o poplar-tree_n bruise_v and_o stamp_a they_o die_v their_o shirt_n of_o a_o saffron_a colour_n which_o be_v now_o much_o out_o of_o use_n mix_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o wild_a arbuttree_n with_o salt_n and_o saffron_n in_o die_v their_o way_n be_v not_o to_o boil_v the_o thing_n long_o but_o to_o let_v it_o soak_v for_o some_o day_n together_o in_o cold_a urine_n that_o the_o yellow_a may_v be_v deep_a and_o more_o durable_a robbery_n here_o be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o scandalous_a but_o be_v commit_v with_o great_a barbarity_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n when_o they_o be_v upon_o such_o a_o design_n they_o pray_v to_o god_n to_o offer_v they_o good_a booty_n and_o look_v upon_o a_o prize_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o god_n bounty_n to_o they_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o neither_o violence_n robbery_n nor_o murder_n be_v a_o sin_n if_o it_o be_v they_o say_v god_n will_v not_o tempt_v they_o with_o a_o opportunity_n nay_o they_o hold_v it_o will_v be_v a_o sin_n not_o to_o lay_v hold_n of_o it_o one_o shall_v hear_v the_o very_a rogue_n and_o cutthroat_n say_v the_o lord_n be_v merciful_a and_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o price_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n to_o be_v lose_v in_o i_o moreover_o they_o say_v they_o do_v but_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o their_o forefather_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o only_a method_n of_o livelihood_n they_o have_v leave_v they_o that_o it_o will_v sully_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o family_n to_o work_v for_o their_o maintenance_n and_o give_v over_o their_o desperate_a course_n when_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o road_n for_o rob_v or_o any_o other_o design_n they_o take_v particular_a notice_n who_o they_o first_o meet_v in_o a_o morning_n that_o they_o may_v avoid_v or_o meet_v he_o again_o as_o their_o luck_n answer_v that_o day_n they_o reckon_v it_o baseness_n and_o want_v of_o courage_n to_o be_v in_o bed_n in_o a_o stormy_a night_n and_o not_o on_o foot_n upon_o some_o long_a journey_n and_o run_v the_o risk_a of_o some_o danger_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o good_a prize_n of_o late_o they_o spare_v neither_o church_n nor_o temple_n but_o rob_v they_o burn_v they_o and_o murder_v such_o as_o have_v hide_v themselves_o there_o the_o vileness_n of_o the_o life_n of_o their_o priest_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o degeneracy_n who_o have_v convert_v the_o temple_n into_o house_n wherein_o they_o keep_v their_o whore_n who_o follow_v they_o wheresoever_o they_o go_v and_o in_o case_n they_o find_v
famous_a in_o the_o last_o age_n for_o the_o death_n of_o justinian_n a_o holy_a man_n who_o in_o that_o fruitful_a age_n of_o saint_n retire_v hither_o out_o of_o bretagne_n in_o france_n and_o devote_a himself_o whole_o to_o god_n in_o a_o hermit_n course_n of_o life_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v by_o a_o servant_n and_o canonize_v for_o a_o martyr_n in_o the_o history_n of_o his_o life_n this_o island_n be_v often_o call_v insula_n lemenia_n which_o word_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o limen_n as_o the_o britain_n call_v it_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o absurdity_n who_o will_v have_v the_o island_n next_o above_o it_o to_o be_v ptolemy_n limnos_n call_v at_o present_a by_o the_o welsh_a enh_o and_o by_o the_o english_a berdsey_n berdsey_n berdsey_n that_o be_v a_o island_n of_o bird_n one_o will_v think_v from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n that_o this_o be_v that_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v edri_n edri_n edri_n and_o pliny_n andros_n or_o adros_n as_o some_o copy_n have_v it_o for_o ader_n among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o bird_n and_o so_o the_o english_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n have_v afterward_o call_v it_o berdsey_n the_o name_n enh_o be_v more_o modern_a derive_v from_o a_o certain_a religious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o hermit_n here_o for_o this_o very_a isle_n which_o on_o the_o east_n shoot_v out_o in_o a_o high_a promontory_n but_o on_o the_o west_n be_v champaign_n and_o fertile_a have_v be_v former_o inhabit_v by_o so_o many_o saint_n that_o without_o reckon_n dubritius_fw-la and_o merlin_n the_o calidonian_a no_o few_o than_o 20000_o faint_n be_v say_v by_o ancient_a history_n to_o lie_v bury_v here_o next_o to_o this_o be_v mona_n mona_n mona_n or_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n anglesey_n anglesey_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n mon_n tir-mon_a and_o inis_fw-la dowyli_n that_o be_v the_o dark_a island_n and_o by_o the_o saxon_n monege_v whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v near_a anglesey_n lie_v these_o three_o 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convenience_n of_o such_o as_o come_v in_o pilgrimage_n hither_o i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o lambey_n lambey_n lambey_n a_o small_a island_n over-against_o this_o upon_o the_o irish_a shore_n though_o alum_n have_v be_v seek_v for_o in_o it_o at_o great_a charge_n by_o the_o metal-man_n man._n the_o isle_n of_o man._n more_o northward_o lie_v the_o mona_n which_o caesar_n mention_n situate_v as_o he_o say_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o britain_n and_o ireland_n menavia_n mona_n or_o menavia_n ptolemy_n call_v it_o monoeda_n or_o moneitha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o conjecture_v the_o more_o remote_a mona_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o mona_n or_o anglesey_n pliny_n term_v it_o monabia_n orosius_n menavia_n guotodin_n lib._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o a_o certain_a copy_n of_o ninniuâ—_n it_o be_v call_v manau_n guotodin_n and_o bede_n menavia_n secunda_fw-la in_o who_o mona_n or_o anglesey_n be_v call_v menavia_n prio_fw-la and_o both_o british_a island_n yet_o i_o must_v note_v that_o this_o be_v false_o read_v mevania_n in_o these_o writer_n ninius_n who_o go_v also_o by_o the_o name_n of_o gildas_n call_v it_o eubonia_fw-la and_o manaw_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o menaw_n the_o inhabitant_n maning_n and_o the_o english_a the_o isle_n of_o man_n lie_v stretch_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n and_o britain_n say_v giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la which_o raise_v no_o small_a stir_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o decide_v to_o which_o of_o the_o territory_n it_o most_o proper_o belong_v at_o last_o this_o difference_n be_v thus_o adjust_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o venomous_a worm_n will_v live_v here_o that_o be_v bring_v over_o for_o experiment's_n sake_n it_o be_v general_o think_v to_o belong_v to_o britain_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v very_a like_o the_o irish_a both_o in_o their_o speech_n and_o manner_n and_o not_o without_o something_o of_o the_o norwegian_n in_o they_o it_o lie_v out_o from_o north_n to_o south_n for_o about_o thirty_o italian_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o the_o wide_a part_n of_o it_o be_v hardly_o above_o fifteen_o mile_n broad_a nor_o above_o eight_o in_o the_o narrow_a in_o bede_n time_n it_o contain_v three_o hundred_o family_n and_o mona_n nine_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o but_o at_o present_v it_o can_v reckon_v 17_o parish_n church_n here_o flax_n and_o hemp_n grow_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o here_o be_v good_a pasture_n and_o cornfield_n which_o produce_v barley_n and_o wheat_n but_o especial_o oat_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o people_n general_o feed_v upon_o oat-bread_n here_o be_v likewise_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o many_o flock_n of_o sheep_n but_o both_o the_o sheep_n and_o cattle_n be_v like_o those_o in_o their_o neighbour_n country_n ireland_n much_o less_o than_o in_o england_n and_o not_o so_o well_o head_v the_o want_n of_o wood_n for_o fuel_n here_o be_v supply_v by_o a_o bituminous_a kind_n of_o turf_n in_o dig_v for_o which_o they_o often_o light_a upon_o tree_n lie_v bury_v underground_o towards_o the_o middle_a this_o isle_n be_v mountainous_a the_o high_a hill_n be_v sceafell_n from_o which_o they_o can_v see_v scotland_n england_n and_o ireland_n in_o a_o clear_a day_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v russin_n situate_v towards_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o island_n which_o from_o a_o castle_n and_o garrison_n in_o it_o be_v common_o call_v castle-town_n where_o within_o a_o little_a isle_n pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o erect_v a_o episcopal_n see_v sodorensis_n episcopus_fw-la sodorensis_n the_o bishop_n whereof_o name_v sodorensis_n from_o the_o island_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v former_o jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o hebrides_n but_o it_o be_v now_o limit_v to_o this_o island_n and_o his_o metropolitan_a be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n this_o bishop_n have_v neither_o seat_n nor_o vote_n among_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n the_o most_o populous_a town_n be_v douglas_n douglas_n douglas_n for_o it_o have_v the_o best_a harbour_n and_o the_o most_o easy_a entrance_n and_o be_v frequent_v by_o the_o french_a and_o other_o foreigner_n who_o come_v hither_o with_o their_o bay-salt_n and_o buy_v up_o leather_n course_n wool_n and_o salt_n beef_n to_o export_v with_o they_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o island_n stand_v bala_n curi_n where_o the_o bishop_n general_o reside_v and_o the_o pile_n a_o fort_n erect_v in_o a_o small_a island_n defend_v by_o a_o pretty_a good_a garrison_n before_o the_o south_n point_n there_o lie_v a_o little_a island_n which_o they_o call_v the_o calf_n of_o man_n where_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o those_o seafowl_n term_v puffin_n and_o of_o those_o duck_n and_o drake_n say_v to_o breed_v in_o rot_a wood_n which_o the_o english_a call_v bernacle_n bernacle_n bernacle_n the_o scots_a clake_n and_o soland_n goose_n what_o remain_v of_o the_o account_n of_o this_o island_n be_v here_o add_v out_o of_o a_o letter_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n meryk_n bishop_n thereof_o this_o island_n not_o only_o supply_v its_o own_o want_n with_o its_o own_o cattle_n fish_n and_o corn_n but_o export_v great_a quantity_n into_o foreign_a country_n every_o year_n yet_o this_o plenty_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pain_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o native_n than_o to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n however_o the_o happiness_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v owe_v to_o nothing_o more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n who_o at_o his_o own_o proper_a charge_n have_v defend_v it_o with_o a_o body_n of_o regular_a and_o stand_a troop_n against_o its_o neighbour_a enemy_n and_o lay_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o revenue_n upon_o it_o all_o cause_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n without_o
by_o the_o pict_n they_o be_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o pyramid_n with_o a_o wind_a pair_n of_o stair_n within_o to_o the_o top_n under_o they_o they_o have_v cell_n all_o vaâ—â—â—ed_v over_o and_o from_o the_o top_n of_o they_o they_o make_v a_o sign_n by_o fire_n when_o there_o be_v any_o imminent_a danger_n the_o ground_n be_v clean_a and_o the_o soil_n natural_o incline_v to_o a_o sandy_a clay_n the_o product_n of_o the_o collary_n be_v main_o fish_n 〈…〉_o feather_n beef_n tallow_n hide_v stâ—ff_n stocking_n with_o wollen-glove_n and_o garter_n there_o have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o time_n in_o brassâ—y-found_a fifteen_o hundred_o sail_n of_o hollander_n after_o farâ—_n a_o island_n lie_v in_o the_o and_o way_n between_o orknay_n and_o shetland_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v be_v call_v main-land_n as_o be_v the_o big_a â—0_n 〈◊〉_d in_o length_n and_o where_o â—roadest_a 1â—_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n be_v part_n of_o the_o stewarâ—â—_n of_o orkney_n and_o govern_v either_o by_o the_o stewart_n or_o his_o deputy_n they_o have_v one_o presbytery_n which_o meet_v at_o scalloway_n and_o though_o the_o north-pole_n be_v not_o so_o elevate_v that_o it_o have_v day_n continual_o for_o six_o month_n together_o as_o pithaeas_n of_o marseils_n have_v false_o say_v of_o thule_n for_o which_o strabo_n reprehend_v he_o for_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v affirm_v of_o iseland_n itself_o where_o cold_a and_o winter_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n fix_v and_o permanent_a yet_o that_o schetland_n be_v the_o same_o with_o thule_n we_o be_v induce_v to_o believe_v first_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o in_o ptolemy_n for_o our_o thule_n be_v define_v in_o the_o 63_o degree_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a by_o ptolemy_n hethâ—â—nd_n sheâ—land_n call_v by_o some_o hethâ—â—nd_n and_o so_o be_v schetland_n again_o it_o lie_v between_o scotland_n and_o norway_n where_o saxo_n grammaticus_n place_n thule_n and_o as_o solinus_n describe_v thule_n this_o be_v but_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o the_o point_n of_o cathness_n tacitus_n say_v also_o that_o the_o roman_n espy_v it_o afar_o off_o in_o their_o voyage_n round_a britain_n as_o they_o sail_v by_o the_o orcades_n last_o it_o face_n the_o shore_n of_o bergae_n in_o norway_n and_o so_o lie_v thule_n according_a to_o pomponius_n mela_n in_o which_o author_n the_o text_n be_v corrupt_o belgarum_fw-la littori_fw-la instead_o of_o bergarum_fw-la littori_fw-la for_o bergae_n a_o city_n in_o norway_n lie_v over_o against_o shetland_n and_o pliny_n make_v bergos_n to_o be_v in_o this_o tract_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o bergae_n as_o nerigon_n in_o pliny_n by_o which_o no_o one_o will_v deny_v but_o he_o mean_v norway_n this_o may_v suffice_v for_o thule_n which_o be_v hide_v to_o we_o as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o ancient_n by_o snow_n and_o winter_n as_o a_o certain_a author_n express_v it_o neither_o be_v any_o of_o they_o able_a to_o tell_v which_o of_o the_o northern_a isle_n they_o mean_v when_o they_o talk_v of_o thule_n as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o day_n in_o that_o unknown_a island_n festus_n avienus_n when_o he_o treat_v of_o britain_n give_v these_o verse_n out_o of_o dionysius_n longa_n dehinc_fw-la celeri_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la rate_n marmora_fw-la currat_fw-la inveniet_fw-la vasto_fw-la surgentem_fw-la gurgite_fw-la thulen_n hic_fw-la cum_fw-la plaustra_fw-la poli_fw-fr tangit_fw-la phoebeius_n ignis_fw-la nocte_fw-la sub_fw-la inlustri_fw-la rota_fw-la solis_fw-la fomite_fw-la flagrat_fw-la continuo_fw-la clarumque_fw-la diem_fw-la next_o aemula_fw-la ducit_fw-la hence_o urge_v your_o course_n along_o the_o watery_a road_n you_o will_v come_v where_o thule_n swell_v above_o the_o flood_n here_o sol_n bright_a wheel_n when_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n they_o cut_v their_o way_n still_o sparkle_v as_o they_o roll_n not_o here_o vain_a man_n expect_v the_o light_n be_v return_n but_o every_o night_n be_v a_o rival_n of_o the_o morn_n pomponius_n mela_n have_v likewise_o make_v the_o same_o remark_n over_o against_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o belgae_n lie_v thule_n a_o island_n much_o celebrate_v both_o by_o the_o greek_a poet_n and_o by_o we_o by_o reason_n the_o day_n be_v very_o long_o there_o and_o the_o night_n very_o short_a though_o in_o winter_n the_o night_n be_v dark_a as_o in_o other_o place_n yet_o they_o be_v light_n in_o summer_n for_o though_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o see_v for_o that_o time_n yet_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o horizon_n that_o his_o light_n be_v clear_o visible_a during_o the_o solstice_n there_o be_v no_o night_n at_o all_o for_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o high_o his_o light_n be_v not_o only_o visible_a but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o body_n the_o sea_n above_o these_o island_n be_v term_v slow_a freeze_a and_o icy_a croniuâ—_n the_o by_o sea_n or_o croniuâ—_n and_o be_v think_v rough_a and_o unnavigable_a by_o reason_n of_o great_a flake_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v also_o call_v cronium_n from_o saturn_n for_o the_o ancient_n have_v a_o story_n as_o plutarch_n write_v that_o saturn_n be_v keep_v sleep_v in_o a_o deep_a cave_n of_o pumicestone_n in_o some_o british_a island_n hereabout_o prisoner_n saturn_n a_o prisoner_n that_o jupiter_n have_v throw_v he_o into_o a_o deep_a sleep_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o fetter_n and_o send_v ambrosia_n by_o the_o bird_n which_o be_v so_o fragrant_a that_o all_o the_o place_n be_v perfume_v with_o it_o that_o many_o spirit_n be_v post_v here_o to_o attend_v he_o by_o who_o he_o be_v serve_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o honour_n this_o fable_n if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v point_v at_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n over_o which_o saturn_n preside_v that_o lie_v in_o these_o island_n and_o be_v useless_a for_o want_v of_o wood_n to_o supply_v fornace_n the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n by_o sir_n robert_n sibbald_n there_o be_v no_o place_n often_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n than_o thule_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v much_o controvert_v what_o place_n it_o be_v some_o have_v attempt_v the_o discovery_n of_o it_o but_o have_v go_v wide_a of_o the_o mark_n the_o ancient_n leave_v concern_v it_o yet_o they_o seem_v all_o to_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v some_o place_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o very_o many_o make_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o since_o conradus_n celtes_n say_v it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o orkney_n isle_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v to_o the_o description_n of_o orkney_n this_o essay_n concern_v it_o some_o derive_v the_o name_n thule_n from_o the_o arabic_a word_n tule_z which_o signify_v far_o off_o and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o allusion_n to_o this_o the_o poet_n usual_o call_v it_o ultima_fw-la thule_n but_o i_o rather_o prefer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n give_v by_o the_o learned_a bochartus_n who_o make_v the_o same_o to_o be_v phaenician_n and_o affirm_v that_o it_o signify_v darkness_n in_o that_o language_n chanan_n lib._n 1._o chap._n 40._o thule_n proprie_fw-la syris_n umbrae_n sunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la translata_fw-la significatione_n thule_n protenebris_fw-la passim_fw-la sumitur_fw-la itaque_fw-la gezirat_fw-la thule_n erat_fw-la insula_fw-la tenebrarum_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la ac_fw-la tenebrecosa_fw-la quod_fw-la nomen_fw-la insulae_fw-la ad_fw-la extremum_fw-la septentrionem_fw-la sitae_fw-la quam_fw-la congruat_fw-la nemo_fw-la non_fw-la videt_fw-la hence_o tibullus_n panegyric_n ad_fw-la messalam_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v this_o illic_fw-la &_o densa_fw-la tellus_fw-la absconditur_fw-la umbrâ_fw-la 25._o odâ—ss_n 1._o v._n 25._o and_o these_o place_n of_o hom._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la caliginem_fw-la and_o lib._n 3._o v._n 1190._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d neque_fw-la enim_fw-la scimus_fw-la ubi_fw-la sit_fw-la caligo_n be_v by_o strabo_n interpret_v nescimus_fw-la ubi_fw-la sit_fw-la septentrio_fw-la we_o know_v not_o where_o the_o north_n be_v lib._n 1._o p._n 34._o and_o lib._n 10._o p._n 454._o and_o 455._o and_o consonant_n to_o this_o statius_n lib._n 3._o ad_fw-la claudiam_fw-la vxorem_fw-la well_fw-mi super_fw-la hesperiae_fw-la vada_fw-la caligantia_fw-la thules_fw-la and_o lib._n 4._o ad_fw-la marcellum_fw-la aut_fw-la nigrae_fw-la littora_fw-la thules_n and_o indeed_o this_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n carry_v more_o reason_n than_o any_o other_o they_o give_v it_o and_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o ancient_n agree_v in_o place_v their_o thule_n towards_o the_o north_n we_o shall_v see_v next_o what_o northern_a country_n they_o pitch_v on_o for_o it_o the_o ancient_n seem_v most_o to_o agree_v that_o thule_n be_v one_o of_o these_o isle_n that_o be_v call_v british_n strabo_n one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o the_o best_a of_o geographer_n extant_a say_v pythaeas_n massiliensis_n circa_fw-la thulen_n britannicarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la septent_fw-la rionalissimam_fw-la ultimam_fw-la ait_fw-la esse_fw-la yet_o he_o himself_o
be_v deficient_a in_o that_o he_o have_v not_o set_v down_o the_o general_a name_n the_o people_n design_v themselves_o by_o which_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v albanich_n and_o peaght_n that_o be_v albanenses_n and_o picti_n these_o two_o name_n prove_v they_o to_o be_v the_o ancient_a and_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n who_o caesar_n design_n in_o these_o word_n interior_n pars_fw-la ab_fw-la iis_fw-la incolitur_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la natos_fw-la in_o insula_fw-la dicunt_fw-la which_o galgacus_n own_v here_o speak_v to_o his_o army_n he_o call_v they_o nobilissimi_fw-la totius_fw-la britanniae_fw-la eoque_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la penetralibus_fw-la siti_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n albanich_n and_o peaght_n be_v give_v in_o the_o scotia_n antiqua_fw-la it_o be_v enough_o here_o to_o remember_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o humber_n be_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o the_o learnede_a of_o the_o british_a 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distant_a from_o these_o camp_n the_o inscription_n we_o have_v give_v the_o figure_n of_o be_v take_v up_o out_o of_o the_o praetorium_n of_o the_o praetentura_n below_o which_o be_v cave_n out_o of_o which_o some_o piece_n of_o a_o shield_n be_v take_v up_o and_o several_a medal_n have_v be_v find_v thereabouts_o i_o see_v a_o medal_n of_o silver_n of_o antoninus_n pius_n find_v there_o the_o people_n that_o live_v thereabouts_o report_n that_o a_o large_a roman_a medal_n of_o gold_n be_v find_v there_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n one_o have_v be_v find_v near_o the_o water_n of_o earn_v among_o which_o i_o have_v see_v some_o of_o domitian_n some_o of_o trajan_n and_o some_o of_o marcus_n aurelius_n the_o philosopher_n beside_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o man_n for_o who_o this_o sepulchral_v inscription_n be_v make_v be_v cohortis_fw-la primae_fw-la hispanorum_fw-la if_o you_o will_v look_v to_o the_o notitia_fw-la imperii_fw-la romani_fw-la you_o will_v find_v 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john_n lord_n balliol_n of_o gallweya_n obtain_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n and_o do_v homage_n to_o our_o lord_n edward_n king_n of_o england_n at_o newcastle_n upon_o tine_n on_o s._n stephen_n day_n florentius_n earl_n of_o holland_n robert_n brus_n earl_n of_o carrick_n john_n hastings_n john_n come_v patrick_n de_fw-fr dunbar_n john_n vescie_a nicholas_n soul_n and_o william_n roos_n who_o be_v then_o at_o difference_n in_o the_o say_a kingdom_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o king_n edward_n item_n a_o fifteen_o of_o all_o the_o good_n of_o layman_n in_o ireland_n be_v grant_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o be_v collect_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n michael_n item_n sir_n peter_n genevile_n knight_n die_v this_o year_n item_n rice_n ap_fw-mi meredyke_n be_v bring_v to_o york_n and_o there_o drag_v at_o the_o horse_n tail_n etc._n etc._n mccxciii_o a_o general_a and_o open_a war_n be_v this_o 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rich_a man_n die_v this_o year_n this_o continuation_n follow_v be_v take_v from_o a_o manuscript_n chronicle_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o henry_n marleburgh_n mccclxxii_o sir_n robert_n ashton_n be_v make_v chief_a justice_n come_v into_o ireland_n mccclxxiii_o a_o great_a war_n between_o the_o english_a of_o meth_n and_o oferoll_a with_o much_o slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n item_n john_n lord_n husse_n baron_n of_o galtrim_n john_n fitz_n richard_n sheriff_n of_o meth_n and_o william_n dalton_n be_v in_o may_n kill_v by_o the_o irish_a in_o kynaleagh_n mccclxxv_o die_v thomas_n archbishop_n of_o dublin_n the_o same_o year_n robert_n of_o wickford_n be_v consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v mccclxxxi_o edmund_n mortimer_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o ireland_n earl_n of_o march_n and_o ulster_n die_v at_o cork_n mccclxxxiii_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n in_o ireland_n mccclxxxv_o dublin_n bridge_n fall_v down_o mcccxc_o died_n robert_n wikford_n archbishop_n of_o dublin_n robeâ—t_n 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comyn_n be_v unfortunate_o cut_v off_o on_o the_o ascension_n day_n by_o the_o tothil_n on_o s._n margaret_n day_n this_o year_n roger_n earl_n of_o march_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n be_v slay_v with_o many_o other_o by_o o_o bryn_n and_o other_o irish_a of_o leinster_n at_o kenlys_n in_o that_o province_n roger_n grey_n be_v appoint_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o office_n of_o chief_a justice_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n mark_n pope_n and_o confessor_n the_o noble_a duke_n of_o sutherey_n come_v into_o ireland_n be_v make_v the_o king_n deputy_n lieutenant_n thereof_o accompany_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o dublin_n thomas_n crawley_n mcccxcix_o in_o the_o 23d_o year_n of_o king_n richard_n be_v sunday_n the_o very_a morrow_n after_o s._n petronil_n or_o pernil_n the_o virgin_n be_v day_n king_n richard_n arrive_v at_o waterford_n with_o 200_o sail_n at_o ford_n in_o kenlys_n within_o kildare_n on_o the_o 6_o day_n of_o this_o week_n two_o hundred_o of_o the_o irish_a be_v 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may_n leave_v sir_n william_n stanley_n to_o supply_v his_o office_n on_o bartholomew-eve_n this_o year_n stephen_n scrope_n come_v into_o ireland_n as_o deputy_n to_o the_o lord_n thomas_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n the_o same_o year_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n brice_n bishop_n and_o confessor_n thomas_n lord_n lancaster_n the_o king_n son_n be_v viceroy_n of_o ireland_n arrive_v at_o dublin_n mccccii_n the_o church_n of_o the_o friar_n predicant_o at_o dublin_n be_v consecrate_v on_o the_o 5_o of_o july_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o city_n the_o same_o day_n 493_o irish_a be_v slay_v by_o john_n drake_n mayor_n of_o dublin_n assist_v with_o the_o citizen_n and_o the_o country_n people_n near_o bree_n where_o they_o gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o september_n this_o year_n a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v at_o dublin_n sir_n bartholomew_n verdon_n james_n white_a stephen_n gernon_n and_o their_o accomplice_n kill_v john_n dowdal_a sheriff_n of_o lovith_n in_o urgal_o during_o this_o session_n mcccciii_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n iv_o sir_n walter_n beterley_n a_o valiant_a knight_n than_o steward_n there_o with_o thirty_o more_o be_v kill_v in_o may._n about_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n martin_n this_o year_n the_o king_n son_n thomas_n go_v over_o into_o enlgand_n leave_v stephen_n scroop_n to_o officiate_v as_o his_o deputy_n who_o return_v also_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o lent_n into_o england_n after_o which_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n choose_v the_o earl_n of_o ormond_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o ireland_n mcccciv_n in_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n die_v john_n cowlton_n archbishop_n of_o armagh_n on_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o nicholas_n fleming_n the_o same_o year_n on_o s._n vitali_n day_n a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v at_o dublin_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o ormond_n at_o that_o time_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o statute_n of_o 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great_a hurt_n among_o the_o welsh_a in_o this_o expedition_n they_o carry_v the_o shrine_n of_o s._n cubie_n to_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n in_o dublin_n item_n this_o year_n on_o the_o vigil_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n die_v james_n botiller_n earl_n of_o ormond_n at_o baligauran_n during_o his_o office_n he_o be_v much_o lament_v and_o succeed_v by_o gerald_n earl_n of_o kildare_n mccccvi_fw-la in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o dublinian_o on_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o country_n people_n overcome_v the_o irish_a and_o kill_v some_o of_o they_o they_o take_v three_o ensign_n and_o carry_v off_o several_a of_o their_o head_n to_o dublin_n the_o same_o year_n the_o prior_n of_o conal_a in_o a_o battle_n with_o 200_o well-armed_a irish_a on_o the_o plain_a of_o kildare_n vanquish_v they_o by_o his_o great_a valour_n kill_v some_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n the_o prior_n and_o his_o party_n 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ransom_n
imp._n m_o aurelio_n antonino_n auc_n sever_n lucii_n filio_fw-la lec._n jiv_n vg_n p_o sic_fw-la together_o with_o these_o two_o fragment_n centurio_n centurio_n out_o centurio_n this_o be_v late_o in_o the_o school-wall_n at_o kaêr_n lheion_n but_o be_v now_o raze_v out_o †_o 7._o veciliana_n 977._o veciliana_n this_o be_v in_o the_o garden-wall_n at_o moin_n court_n but_o the_o first_o line_n viii_o and_o this_o character_n 7._o be_v not_o visible_a see_v rein_n syntag._n inscr_n pag._n 977._o viii_o 7._o valeria_n maxsimi_fw-la f_o here_o also_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o 200_o philosopher_n who_o be_v skilled_a in_o astronomy_n and_o other_o science_n observe_v accurate_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o alexander_n elsebiensis_n a_o very_a scarce_a author_n out_o of_o who_o much_o have_v be_v transcribe_v for_o my_o use_n by_o the_o learned_a thomas_n james_n james_n tho._n james_n of_o oxford_n who_o may_v deserve_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o one_o that_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o book_n and_o learning_n and_o be_v at_o present_a god_n prosper_v his_o endeavour_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o promote_a the_o public_a good_a busy_o employ_v in_o search_v the_o library_n of_o england_n on_o a_o design_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n 2._o when_o giraldus_n write_v this_o city_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o considerable_a strength_n for_o we_o find_v that_o yrwith_o of_o kaer_n lheion_n a_o courageous_a britain_n defend_v it_o a_o long_a time_n against_o the_o english_a force_n till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n he_o be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o but_o now_o a_o fair_a instance_n that_o city_n as_o well_o as_o man_n have_v their_o vicissitude_n and_o fortune_n that_o be_v become_v a_o inconsiderable_a small_a town_n which_o once_o be_v of_o so_o great_a extent_n on_o each_o side_n the_o river_n that_o they_o affirm_v st._n gilian_n the_o house_n of_o the_o honourable_a sir_n william_n herbert_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o wit_n and_o judgement_n than_o noble_a extraction_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o that_o place_n the_o church_n of_o julius_n the_o martyr_n be_v say_v to_o have_v stand_v which_o be_v now_o about_o a_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o ruin_n also_o of_o this_o city_n newport_n newport_n newport_n have_v its_o beginning_n seated_z a_o little_a low_o at_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n usk._n by_o giraldus_n it_o be_v call_v novus_n burgus_n it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o late_a foundation_n and_o of_o considerable_a note_n for_o a_o castle_n and_o a_o convenient_a harbour_n where_o there_o be_v former_o some_o military-way_n mention_v by_o necham_n in_o these_o verse_n intrat_fw-la &_o auget_fw-la aquas_fw-la sabrini_fw-la fluminis_fw-la osca_n praeceps_fw-la testis_fw-la erit_fw-la julia_n strata_fw-la mihi_fw-la increase_v with_o usk_n do_v severn_n rise_v as_o julia_n strata_n testify_v that_o this_o julia_n strata_n be_v a_o way_n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v and_o if_o we_o may_v be_v free_a to_o conjecture_v it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a to_o suppose_v it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o julius_n frontinus_n who_o conquer_v the_o silures_n not_o far_o from_o this_o newburgh_n say_v giraldus_n there_o glide_v a_o small_a stream_n call_v nant_n pènkarn_v passable_a but_o at_o some_o certain_a ford_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o depth_n of_o its_o water_n as_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o deepness_n of_o the_o mud_n it_o have_v former_o a_o ford_n call_v rhÅ·d_v penkarn_v now_o of_o a_o long_a time_n discontinue_v henry_n 2._o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o chance_n pass_v this_o ford_n the_o welsh_a who_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o old_a prophecy_n be_v present_o discourage_v because_o their_o oracle_n merlinus_fw-la sylvester_n have_v foretell_v that_o whenever_o a_o strong_a prince_n with_o a_o freckle_a face_n such_o as_o king_n henry_n be_v shall_v pass_v that_o ford_n the_o british_a force_n shall_v be_v vanquish_v during_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n this_o county_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o mountain-welsh_a call_v by_o they_o dun-settan_a set_v dun_n set_v who_o be_v yet_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n at_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o lord_n marcher_n grievous_o plague_v and_o annoy_v they_o especial_o the_o abovementioned_a hamelin_n balun_n hugh_n lacie_n walter_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n etc._n clare_n mile_n of_o gloucester_n robert_n chandos_n pain_n fitz-john_n richard_n fitz-punt_n and_o etc._n etc._n and_o brien_n of_o wallingford_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v all_o they_o can_v acquire_v in_o these_o part_n some_o of_o they_o reduce_v by_o degree_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o county_n which_o they_o call_v over-went_a and_o other_o the_o low_a land_n call_v netherwent_a parish_n in_o this_o county_n 127._o addition_n to_o monmouthshire_n asleep_o mynydh_n kader_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v the_o name_n of_o many_o mountain_n in_o wales_n thus_o denominate_v as_o kader_n arthur_n kader_n verwin_n kader_n idris_n kader_n dhinmael_n kader_n your_o ychen_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o learned_a dr._n davies_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v so_o call_v not_o from_o their_o resemblance_n to_o a_o kà dair_n or_o chair_n but_o because_o they_o have_v be_v either_o fortify_v place_n or_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o natural_o impregnable_a by_o such_o as_o first_o impose_v those_o name_n on_o they_o for_o the_o british_a kader_n as_o well_o as_o the_o irish_a word_n kathair_n signify_v ancient_o a_o fort_n or_o bulwark_n whence_o probable_o the_o modern_a word_n kaer_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n may_v be_v corrupt_v b_o lhan_n lhan_n lhan_n proper_o signify_v a_o yard_n or_o some_o small_a enclosure_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o compound_a word_n for_o we_o find_v a_o vineyard_n call_v gwinlhan_a a_o orchard_n per-lhan_a a_o hay-yard_n yd-lhan_a a_o churchyard_n korph-lhan_a a_o sheep-fold_n kor-lhan_a etc._n etc._n however_o as_o giraldus_n observe_v it_o denote_v separately_z a_o church_n or_o chapel_n and_o be_v of_o common_a use_n in_o that_o sense_n throughout_o all_o wales_n probable_o because_o such_o yard_n or_o enclosure_n may_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n or_o upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n when_o church_n be_v scarce_o c_o that_o this_o jeffrey_n of_o monmouth_n as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o monkish_a time_n abound_v with_o fable_n be_v not_o deny_v by_o such_o as_o contend_v for_o some_o authority_n to_o that_o history_n but_o that_o those_o fable_n be_v of_o his_o own_o invention_n seem_v too_o severe_a a_o censure_n of_o our_o author_n and_o scarce_o a_o just_a accusation_n since_o we_o find_v most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o in_o that_o british_a history_n he_o translate_v whereof_o a_o ancient_a copy_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o library_n of_o jesus-college_n at_o oxford_n which_o conclude_v to_o this_o effect_n walter_n archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n compose_v this_o book_n in_o latin_a out_o of_o british_a record_n which_o he_o afterward_o thus_o render_v into_o modern_a british_a we_o find_v also_o many_o of_o the_o same_o fable_n in_o ninnius_n who_o write_v his_o eulogium_fw-la britanniae_fw-la about_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o this_o galfridus_n arturius_n compose_v the_o british_a history_n as_o to_o the_o regard_n due_a to_o that_o history_n in_o general_n the_o judicious_a reader_n may_v consult_v dr._n powel_n epistle_n de_n britannica_fw-la historia_fw-la rectè_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la and_o dr._n davies_n preface_n to_o his_o british_a lexicon_n and_o balance_v they_o with_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o whole_o reject_v they_o near_a monmouth_n stand_v a_o noble_a house_n build_v by_o his_o grace_n henry_n duke_n of_o beaufort_n call_v troy_n the_o residence_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n charles_n marquis_n of_o worcester_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n settle_v upon_o he_o with_o other_o large_a possession_n in_o this_o county_n by_o the_o duke_n his_o father_n e_fw-la the_o english_a name_n of_o wentset_a etc._n wentseâ—_n etc._n etc._n and_o wents_a land_n have_v their_o origin_n from_o the_o british_a word_n ggo_v whereby_o almost_o all_o this_o country_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n be_v call_v till_o wales_n be_v divide_v into_o county_n but_o it_o seem_v questionable_a whether_o that_o name_n ggo_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o city_n venta_n or_o whether_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o call_v this_o city_n venta_n silurum_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o iceni_n and_o that_o other_o of_o the_o belgae_n
from_o the_o more_o ancient_a british_a name_n of_o part_n of_o their_o country_n have_v the_o country_n be_v denominate_v since_o the_o roman_a conquest_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n it_o have_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v gwlâd_o gaer-lheion_a than_o gwlâd_v gwent_n but_o of_o this_o enough_o if_o not_o too_o much_o f_o in_o the_o year_n 1654._o some_o workman_n discover_v at_o st._n julian_n near_o kaer-lheion_a a_o roman_a altar_n the_o inscription_n whereof_o be_v soon_o after_o copy_v by_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a john_n aubrey_n esq_n a_o true_a lover_n and_o promoter_n of_o real_a knowledge_n and_o a_o person_n of_o equal_a industry_n and_o curiosity_n the_o altar_n he_o say_v be_v of_o freestone_n four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n the_o inscription_n he_o be_v please_v to_o communicace_n out_o of_o his_o excellent_a collection_n of_o british_a monument_n to_o be_v publish_v on_o this_o occasion_n joviom_a dolichvi_n 〈◊〉_d aemilianus_n calpurnius_n rufilianus_n 〈◊〉_d augustorum_n monitv_n it_o seem_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n of_o the_o curious_a upon_o what_o occasion_n jupiter_n be_v here_o style_v dolichenus_n for_o that_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o word_n dolichv_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o probable_a that_o this_o altar_n be_v erect_v to_o implore_v his_o tuition_n of_o some_o iron_n mine_n either_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n or_o some_o other_o place_n of_o this_o country_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o take_v from_o this_o inscription_n in_o reinesius_n xu._n â—â—n_fw-la sâ—nâ—â—â—_n lâ—â—_n m_o â—_o xu._n jovi_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la dolycheno_fw-la ubi_fw-la ferrum_fw-la nascitur_fw-la c_o sempronius_n rectus_n cent_n frumentarius_n d.d._n for_o unlesâ—_n câ—aius_n sempronius_n who_o dedicate_v this_o altar_n jovi_fw-la dolicheno_fw-la make_v his_o request_n to_o jupiter_n that_o he_o will_v either_o direct_v they_o to_o find_v out_o iron_n mine_n or_o be_v propitious_a to_o some_o they_o have_v already_o discover_v i_o can_v conjecture_v why_o he_o shall_v add_v the_o word_n ubi_fw-la ferrum_fw-la nascitur_fw-la which_o be_v not_o only_o superfluous_a buâ—_n absurd_a if_o they_o imply_v no_o more_o than_o bare_o that_o iron-ore_a be_v find_v at_o doliche_n a_o town_n of_o macedonia_n whence_o jupiter_n be_v call_v dolichenus_n augustorum_n monitu_fw-la be_v a_o phrase_n we_o find_v parallel_v instance_n of_o in_o reinesius_n p._n 42._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o exit_fw-la monitu_fw-la dei_fw-la imperio_fw-la deorum_fw-la dearúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la jussu_fw-la numinis_fw-la quicquid_fw-la facerent_fw-la facere_fw-la videri_fw-la volebant_fw-la pagani_n at_o tre-dynoq-church_n tredonok_fw-mi inscription_n at_o tredonok_fw-mi about_o three_o mile_n distant_a from_o kaer-leion_a be_v preserve_v this_o fair_a and_o entire_a monument_n of_o a_o roman_a soldier_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n the_o stone_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o blue_a slate_n the_o four_o oblique_a line_n be_v so_o many_o grooves_n or_o canaliculi_n and_o the_o small_a square_n without_o the_o line_n be_v hole_n bore_v through_o the_o stone_n whereby_o it_o be_v fasten_v with_o iron_n pin_n to_o the_o ground-wall_n of_o the_o church_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o discover_v by_o the_o sexton_n about_o twenty_o year_n since_o at_o the_o dig_v of_o a_o grave_a consider_v that_o this_o be_v the_o monument_n of_o a_o heathen_a and_o must_v be_v about_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n stand_v it_o seem_v strange_a it_o shall_v be_v reposit_v in_o this_o place_n and_o thus_o fasten_v to_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o church_n unless_o we_o suppose_v it_o lay_v there_o by_o some_o pious_a christian_a in_o â—fter_a age_n or_o rather_o that_o the_o church_n be_v build_v on_o some_o old_a roman_a burial-place_n but_o however_o that_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v there_o find_v be_v most_o certain_a and_o testify_v by_o a_o worthy_a gentleman_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n yet_o live_v who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o discovery_n of_o it_o and_o take_v care_n to_o preserve_v it_o dm_o jul_n julianus_n mil_n leg_n two_o aug_n stipes_n xviii_o annor_fw-la xl_o hic_fw-la situs_n est_fw-la curâ—agente_n amanda_n coniuge_n at_o kaer_n leion_n they_o frequent_o dig_v up_o roman_a brick_n with_o this_o inscription_n leg_n ii_o aug._n the_o letter_n on_o these_o brick_n be_v not_o inscribe_v as_o on_o stone_n but_o stamp_v with_o some_o instrument_n there_o be_v a_o square_a cavity_n or_o impression_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o brick_n at_o the_o bottom_n whereof_o the_o letter_n be_v raise_v and_o not_o ensculpt_v one_o of_o these_o brick_n may_v be_v see_v together_o with_o mr._n camden_n inscription_n in_o the_o garden-wall_n at_o moinscourt_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a thomas_n lyster_n esq_n and_o some_o other_o at_o kaer_n leion_n in_o the_o year_n 1692._o a_o chequer_a pavement_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o honour_a henry_n tomkins_n of_o kaer_n leion_n esq_n the_o present_a high_a sheriff_n of_o this_o county_n it_o be_v find_v by_o workman_n a_o plow_a in_o a_o field_n close_o adjoin_v to_o his_o house_n and_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o these_o ancient_a pavement_n be_v not_o bury_v so_o deep_a in_o this_o county_n as_o that_o in_o the_o churchyard_n at_o woodchester_n in_o glocestershire_n for_o whereas_o that_o lie_n at_o about_o 3_o foot_n depth_n this_o at_o kaer_n leion_n as_o also_o some_o other_o former_o discover_v lay_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o ploughshare_n and_o that_o abovemention_v at_o kaer-went_a not_o much_o low_a mr._n tomkins_n have_v take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o preserve_v what_o the_o servant_n have_v not_o spoil_v of_o this_o valuable_a antiquity_n by_o remove_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o floor_n in_o the_o same_o order_n it_o be_v find_v into_o his_o garden_n and_o be_v please_v to_o communicate_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o be_v wales_n be_v see_v at_o the_o end_n of_o wales_n publish_v upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o diameter_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 14_o foot_n all_o the_o arch_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o border_n they_o touch_v be_v compose_v of_o white_a red_z and_o blue_a stone_n vary_a alternate_o the_o bill_n eye_n and_o foot_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v red_a and_o they_o have_v also_o a_o red_a ring_n about_o the_o neck_n and_o in_o their_o wing_n one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o long_a feather_n red_a and_o another_o blue_a the_o inside_n of_o the_o cup_n be_v also_o red_a and_o elsewhere_o whatever_o we_o have_v not_o except_v of_o this_o whole_a area_n be_v variegated_a of_o umber_n or_o dark_a colour_a stone_n and_o white_a about_o forty_o year_n since_o some_o labourer_n dig_v in_o a_o quarry_n betwixt_o kaer_n leion_n bridge_n and_o christchurch_n near_o a_o place_n call_v porth_n sini_fw-la krân_fw-la discover_v a_o large_a coffin_n of_o freestone_n which_o be_v open_v they_o find_v therein_o a_o leaden_a sheet_n wrap_v about_o a_o iron_n frame_n curious_o wrought_v and_o in_o that_o frame_n a_o skeleton_n near_o the_o coffin_n they_o find_v also_o a_o gild_a alabaster_n statue_n of_o a_o person_n in_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n hold_v in_o the_o right-hand_a a_o short_a sword_n and_o in_o the_o leave_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n in_o the_o right_a scale_n appear_v a_o young_a maiden_n head_n and_o breast_n and_o in_o the_o leave_v which_o be_v outweighed_a by_o the_o former_a a_o globe_n this_o account_n of_o the_o coffin_n and_o statue_n i_o receive_v from_o the_o worshipful_a captain_n mathias_n bird_n who_o see_v both_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o far_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a be_v please_v late_o to_o present_v the_o statue_n to_o the_o ashmolean_a repository_n at_o oxford_n the_o foot_n and_o right-arm_n have_v be_v break_v some_o year_n since_o as_o also_o the_o scale_n but_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n it_o be_v tolerable_o well_o preserve_v and_o some_o of_o the_o gild_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o interstice_n of_o the_o armour_n we_o have_v give_v a_o figure_n of_o it_o among_o some_o other_o curiosity_n relate_v to_o antiquity_n at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o county_n of_o wales_n but_o must_v leave_v the_o explication_n to_o some_o more_o experience_a and_o judicious_a antiquary_n for_o though_o at_o first_o view_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n astraea_n yet_o i_o can_v satisfy_v myself_o as_o to_o the_o device_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o woman_n in_o the_o scale_n and_o be_o unwilling_a to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o too_o many_o conjecture_n among_o other_o roman_a antiquity_n frequent_o dig_v up_o here_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o some_o curious_a earthen_a vessel_n whereof_o some_o be_v plain_a and_o the_o same_o with_o those_o red_a patellae_fw-la or_o earthen_a plate_n often_o discover_v in_o several_a part_n of_o england_n but_o other_o adorn_v with_o elegant_a figure_n which_o be_v they_o preserve_v may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o
monument_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o wales_n some_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o other_o county_n in_o anglesey_n where_o there_o be_v many_o of_o they_o as_o also_o in_o some_o other_o place_n they_o be_v call_v kromlecheu_a a_o name_n derive_v from_o krwm_n which_o signify_v crooked_a or_o incline_v and_o lhech_v a_o flat_a stone_n but_o of_o the_o name_n more_o hereafter_o it_o be_v general_o suppose_v they_o be_v place_n of_o burial_n but_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o learn_v that_o ever_o any_o bone_n or_o urn_n be_v find_v by_o dig_v under_o any_o of_o they_o edward_z somerset_z lord_z herbert_z of_o chepstow_n ragland_n and_o gower_n obtain_v of_o k._n charles_n 1._o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o glamorgan_n glamogan_n earl_n of_o glamogan_n his_o father_n the_o lord_n marquis_n of_o worcester_n be_v then_o alive_a the_o succession_n of_o which_o family_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o worcestershire_n dimetae_n of_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o region_n which_o be_v extend_v westward_o and_o call_v by_o the_o english_a west-wales_n west-wales_n west-wales_n comprehend_v caermardhinshire_n pembrokeshire_n and_o cardiganshire_n be_v think_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o silures_n but_o ptolemy_n to_o who_o britain_n be_v better_o know_v place_v another_o nation_n here_o who_o he_o call_v dimetae_n and_o demetae_n moreover_o both_o gildas_n and_o ninnius_n use_v the_o word_n demetia_n to_o signify_v this_o country_n whence_o the_o britain_n call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n dyve_v change_v the_o m_n into_o five_o according_a to_o the_o propriety_n of_o that_o language_n if_o it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v a_o strain_a piece_n of_o curiosity_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o derive_v this_o appellation_n of_o the_o demetae_n from_o the_o word_n deheu-meath_a which_o signify_v the_o southern_a plain_n as_o all_o this_o south-wales_n have_v be_v call_v deheubarth_a i.e._n the_o southern_a part._n and_o i_o find_v that_o elsewhere_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o champain_n country_n in_o britain_n be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n themselves_o meatae_n nor_o do_v the_o situation_n of_o this_o country_n contradict_v that_o signification_n for_o when_o you_o take_v a_o prospect_n of_o it_o the_o hill_n decline_v gentle_o and_o it_o dilate_v itself_o gradual_o to_o a_o plain_n they_o plain_n see_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o retain_v such_o name_n of_o the_o place_n they_o conquer_v as_o the_o ancient_a native_n make_v use_v of_o add_v only_o a_o latin_a termination_n it_o may_v seem_v more_o probable_a that_o dimetia_n be_v mâ—de_v out_o of_o the_o british_a name_n dyve_v than_o the_o contrary_n but_o whatever_o the_o original_a name_n of_o this_o county_n may_v be_v i_o can_v subscribe_v to_o our_o author_n conjecture_n of_o the_o etymon_n of_o it_o for_o we_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o the_o british_a language_n either_o in_o manuscript_n or_o common_a use_n as_o meath_z for_o a_o plain_a champain_n country_n though_o indeed_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o word_n they_o that_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o those_o county_n will_v scarce_o allow_v it_o applicable_a to_o they_o caermardhinshire_n the_o county_n of_o kaer-vyrdhin_a call_v by_o the_o english_a caermardhinshire_n be_v a_o country_n sufficient_o supply_v with_o corn_n very_o well_o stock_v with_o cattle_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n afford_v plenty_n of_o coal_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o glamorgan_n and_o brecknock_n shire_n on_o the_o west_n with_o pembroke_n on_o the_o north_n divide_v from_o cardiganshire_n by_o the_o river_n teivi_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o main_a ocean_n which_o encroach_v on_o the_o land_n here_o with_o such_o a_o vast_a bay_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o this_o country_n may_v seem_v out_o of_o fear_n to_o have_v withdraw_v itself_o in_o this_o bay_n kydweli_n first_o offer_v itself_o the_o territory_n whereof_o be_v possess_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o son_n of_o keianus_n a_o scot_n until_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o kynèdhav_n a_o british_a prince_n but_o now_o it_o be_v esteem_v part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o lancaster_n by_o the_o heir_n of_o maurice_n of_o london_n or_o de_fw-fr londres_n who_o remove_v from_o glamorganshire_n after_o a_o tedious_a war_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o and_o fortify_v old_a kydweli_n with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n now_o decay_v with_o age_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n of_o gwen-draeth_a vechan_n build_v new_a kydweli_n invite_v thither_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o haven_n which_o yet_o at_o present_a be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n be_v choke_v with_o shelf_n conâ—â—_n â—â—hâ—an_n â—â—an_z of_o â—y_a conâ—â—_n when_o maurice_n of_o london_n invade_v these_o territory_n gwenlhîan_v the_o wife_n of_o prince_n gryffydh_n a_o woman_n of_o invincible_a courage_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v her_o husband_n decline_a state_n enter_v the_o field_n with_o display_v banner_n and_o encounter_v he_o but_o the_o success_n not_o be_v answerable_a to_o her_o courage_n she_o with_o her_o son_n morgan_n and_z divers_z other_z noblemen_z as_o giraldus_n inform_v we_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n â—â—eli_a 〈◊〉_d of_o â—or_a and_o â—â—eli_a by_o hawis_n the_o daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o london_n of_o sir_n thomas_n of_o london_n thomas_n de_fw-fr londres_n this_o fair_a inheritance_n with_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o ogmor_n and_o kydweli_n descend_v to_o patrick_n chaworth_n and_o by_o a_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n patrick_n to_o henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o heir_n of_o maurice_n de_fw-fr londres_n as_o we_o read_v in_o a_o old_a inquisition_n be_v oblige_v by_o this_o tenure_n in_o case_n the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n shall_v lead_v a_o army_n into_o these_o part_n of_o kydweli_n to_o conduct_v the_o say_a army_n with_o their_o banner_n and_o all_o their_o force_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n of_o neath_n to_o lochor_n â—â—s_o â—â—iver_v 〈◊〉_d or_o â—â—s_o a_o little_a below_o kydweli_n the_o river_n towy_a which_o ptolemy_n call_v tobius_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o ocean_n have_v pass_v the_o length_n of_o this_o county_n from_o north_n to_o south_n first_o by_o lhan_n ym_fw-fr dhyuri_n so_o call_v as_o be_v suppose_v from_o the_o confluence_n of_o river_n which_o out_o of_o malice_n to_o the_o english_a be_v long_o since_o demolish_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi rhÅ·s_n â—â—r_fw-fr â—â—r_fw-fr afterward_o by_o dinevor-castle_n the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n whilst_o they_o flourish_v situate_v aloft_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o at_o last_o by_o caermardhin_a which_o the_o britain_n themselves_o call_v kaer-vyrdhin_a ptolemy_n maridunum_n maridunum_n maridunum_n and_o antoninus_n muridunum_n who_o continue_v not_o his_o journey_n any_o far_a than_o this_o place_n caermardhin_a caermardhin_a and_o be_v here_o by_o negligence_n of_o the_o copyist_n ill_o handle_v for_o they_o have_v careless_o confound_v two_o journey_n the_o one_o from_o galena_n to_o isca_n the_o other_o from_o maridunum_n to_o viroconovium_n this_o be_v the_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o county_n pleasant_o seat_v for_o meadow_n and_o wood_n and_o a_o place_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n fortify_v neat_o say_v giraldus_n with_o brick-wall_n partly_o yet_o stand_v on_o the_o noble_a river_n of_o towy_a navigable_a with_o ship_n of_o small_a burden_n though_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v now_o almost_o stop_v with_o a_o bed_n of_o sand._n here_o our_o merlin_n emris_n merlin_n or_o myrdhin_a emris_n the_o british_a tages_n be_v bear_v for_o as_o tages_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o genius_n and_o to_o have_v teach_v the_o tuscan_n soothsaying_a so_o our_o merlin_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n devise_v prophecy_n or_o rather_o mere_a fantastical_a dream_n for_o our_o britain_n insomuch_o that_o in_o this_o island_n he_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o eminent_a prophet_n among_o the_o ignorant_a common_a people_n asleep_o soon_o after_o the_o norman_n enter_v wales_n this_o town_n fall_v into_o their_o possession_n but_o by_o who_o mean_n i_o know_v not_o and_o a_o long_a time_n it_o encounter_v many_o difficulty_n have_v be_v often_o besiege_v and_o twice_o burn_v first_o by_o gryffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhÅ·s_fw-mi and_o afterward_o by_o rhÅ·_n the_o say_v gryffydh_n brother_n at_o which_o time_n henry_n turbervil_n a_o englishman_n relieve_v the_o castle_n and_o cut_v down_o the_o bridge_n but_o the_o wall_n and_o castle_n be_v afterward_o repair_v by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n it_o be_v free_v from_o these_o misery_n so_o that_o be_v thus_o secure_v it_o bear_v the_o tempest_n of_o war_n much_o easy_a afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n settle_v here_o their_o chancery_n and_o exchequer_n for_o south-wales_n opposite_a to_o this_o city_n
towards_o the_o east_n lie_v cantreubychan_n cantreu-bychan_a cantreu-bychan_a which_o signify_v the_o lesser_a hundred_o for_o the_o britain_n call_n such_o a_o portion_n of_o a_o country_n as_o contain_v 100_o village_n kantrev_n where_o may_v be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o kastelh_n karreg_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o steep_a and_o on_o all_o side_n inaccessible_a rock_n and_o several_a vast_a cavern_n cavern_n cavern_n b_o now_o all_o cover_v with_o green_a turf_n where_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v unfit_a for_o arm_n be_v think_v to_o have_v secure_v themselves_o a_o notable_a fountain_n also_o which_o as_o giraldus_n write_v ebb_a and_o flow_v twice_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n imitate_v the_o sea-tide_n on_o the_o north_n be_v extend_v cantrev_n mawr_z or_o the_o great_a hundred_o a_o safe_a retire_a place_n heretofore_o for_o the_o britain_n as_o be_v very_o woody_a and_o rocky_a and_o full_a of_o uncouth_a way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_a of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o south_n the_o castle_n of_o talcharn_n talcharn_n talcharn_n and_o lhan_n stephan_n stephan_n lhan_n stephan_n stand_v on_o the_o sea-rock_n and_o be_v ample_a testimony_n of_o warlike_a prowess_n as_o well_o in_o the_o english_a as_o britain_n below_o talcharn_n the_o river_n tâv_n river_n brit._n tâv_n taff_n be_v discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o river_n be_v famous_a heretofore_o tie_v gwyn_n be_v dav_n which_o signify_v the_o white_a house_n on_o the_o river_n taff_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v build_v of_o white_a hasel-rod_n for_o a_o summer-house_n here_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 914._o howel_n good_a howel_n surname_v dha_n that_o be_v good_a surname_v the_o good_a prince_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n there_o be_v beside_o layman_n 140_o ecclesiastic_n abrogate_a the_o law_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o give_v new_a law_n to_o his_o people_n as_o the_o preface_n before_o those_o law_n testify_v d_o in_o which_o place_n a_o small_a monastery_n be_v build_v afterward_o call_v witland-abbey_n abbey_n witland_n abbey_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v kilmaen_n lhwyd_n where_o some_o countryman_n late_o discover_v a_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o roman_a coin_n coin_n roman_n coin_n of_o embase_v silver_n from_o the_o time_n of_o commodus_n who_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n that_o embase_v silver_n to_o the_o five_o tribuneship_n of_o gordian_a the_o three_o which_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 243._o among_o these_o be_v helvius_n pertinax_n marcus_n opellius_n antoninus_n diadumenianus_n julius_n verus_n maximus_n the_o son_n of_o maximinus_n caelius_n balbinus_n clodius_n pupienus_n aquilia_n severa_n the_o wife_n of_o elagabalus_n and_o sall._n barbia_n orbiana_n which_o as_o be_v very_o rare_a be_v coin_n of_o considerable_a value_n among_o antiquary_n e_fw-la it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o give_v some_o account_n of_o newcastle_n new-â—â—â—â—â—e_a new-â—â—â—â—â—e_a a_o small_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n teivi_n which_o divide_v this_o county_n from_o cardiganshire_n for_o so_o they_o now_o call_v it_o because_o it_o be_v repair_v by_o thomas_n by_o sir_n rhise_n ap_fw-mi thomas_n rhÅ·_n ap_fw-mi thomas_n a_o stout_a warrior_n who_o assist_v hen._n 7._o in_o gain_v his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v by_o he_o deserve_o create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v call_v emâ—â—_n call_v vâ—â—â—_n emâ—â—_n elmlin_n which_o name_n if_o the_o english_a give_v it_o from_o elm-tree_n their_o conjecture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v who_o be_v of_o opinion_n it_o be_v the_o loventium_fw-la â—â—_o loâ—en_v â—â—_o of_o the_o dimetae_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n for_o a_o elm_n be_v call_v in_o british_a lhwyven_v f_o see_v we_o find_v it_o not_o record_v which_o of_o the_o norman_n first_o extort_a this_o country_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n order_n require_v that_o we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o description_n of_o pembrokeshire_n this_o county_n have_v 87_o parish_n addition_n to_o caermardhinshire_n asleep_o merlin_n or_o merdhin_a emry_n for_o so_o our_o writer_n call_v he_o flourish_v an._n 480._o the_o first_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o mention_n he_o be_v etc._n be_v eulogium_fw-la brit._n c._n 42._o etc._n etc._n ninnius_n who_o suppose_v he_o be_v call_v embrey_n gleutic_a he_o say_v nothing_o of_o his_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n tell_v we_o express_o his_o mother_n be_v afraid_a of_o own_v the_o father_n lest_o she_o shall_v be_v sentence_v to_o die_v for_o it_o but_o that_o the_o boy_n confess_v to_o king_n vortigern_n that_o his_o father_n be_v by_o nation_n a_o roman_a the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o that_o king_n vortigern_n messenger_n find_v he_o ad_fw-la campum_fw-la electi_fw-la in_o region_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la glevise_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o this_o town_n or_o county_n or_o in_o some_o other_o place_n seem_v very_o questionable_a no_o place_n that_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o be_v know_v by_o such_o name_n at_o present_a all_o the_o monkish_a writer_n that_o mention_v he_o make_v he_o either_o a_o prophet_n or_o magician_n but_o h._n lhwyd_n 65._o lhwyd_n com._n brit._n descript_n p._n 65._o a_o judicious_a author_n and_o very_o conversant_a in_o british_a antiquity_n inform_v we_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a learning_n and_o prudence_n for_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o and_o that_o for_o some_o skill_n in_o the_o mathematics_n many_o fable_n be_v invent_v of_o he_o by_o the_o vulgar_a which_o be_v afterward_o put_v in_o writing_n be_v hand_v down_o to_o posterity_n b_o these_o cavern_n take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o author_n be_v suppose_v by_o some_o inquisitive_a person_n who_o have_v often_o view_v they_o to_o have_v be_v coppermine_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o indeed_o see_v it_o be_v evident_a from_o some_o antiquity_n find_v there_o that_o kaer-gai_a in_o meirionydhshire_n be_v a_o roman_a town_n or_o fort_n and_o that_o the_o place_n where_o these_o cave_n be_v be_v also_o call_v kaio_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o infer_v from_o the_o name_n that_o this_o place_n must_v have_v be_v likewise_o well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o i_o may_v note_v this_o by_o the_o way_n i_o suspect_v most_o name_n of_o place_n in_o wales_n that_o end_n in_o ay_o or_o o._n such_o as_o bodvari_a keun_a korwyni_n kaer-gai_a lhannio_n keidio_n and_o kaio_n to_o be_v roman_a name_n such_o termination_n be_v not_o so_o agreeable_a with_o the_o idiotism_n of_o the_o british_a but_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n we_o need_v not_o whole_o rely_v upon_o conjecture_n for_o i_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o mr._n erasmus_n saunders_n a._n b._n of_o jesus_n college_n oxon._n these_o follow_a inscription_n which_o he_o copy_v from_o two_o stone_n at_o a_o place_n call_v pant_v y_o pòlion_n in_o this_o parish_n the_o first_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v roman_a lie_v flat_a on_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v place_v across_o a_o gutter_n but_o the_o other_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o late_a date_n be_v pitch_v on_o end_n and_o be_v about_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n the_o inscription_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v read_v downward_o c_o i_o can_v conjecture_v what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n tâv_n but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o observation_n that_o the_o most_o note_a river_n in_o south-wales_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v thence_o denominate_v for_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o river_n of_o that_o name_n the_o first_o syllable_n also_o in_o tawy_n towy_a teivi_n and_o dyvi_n seem_v to_o i_o but_o so_o many_o various_a pronunciation_n of_o it_o and_o for_o the_o latter_a syllable_n i_o have_v *_o elsewhere_o offer_v my_o conjecture_n 〈◊〉_d r._n 〈◊〉_d anâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o only_o denote_v a_o river_n or_o perhaps_o water_n nor_o will_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o absurd_a if_o any_o shall_v derive_v the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n from_o the_o same_o original_n for_o since_o we_o find_v it_o pretty_a evident_a that_o the_o roman_n change_v dyve_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o country_n into_o dimetia_n and_o kynedhav_n a_o man_n name_n into_o †_o cunotamus_n pâ—â—â—â—â—shire_n 〈◊〉_d use_v â—â—â—â—â—n_v pâ—â—â—â—â—shire_n and_o also_o that_o in_o many_o word_n where_o the_o latin_n use_v a_o m._n the_o britain_n have_v a_o v._o as_o firmus_n firv_n terminus_n tervin_n amnis_fw-la avon_n lima_n lhîv_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v not_o unlikely_a consider_v we_o find_v the_o word_n tâv_n usual_a in_o the_o name_n of_o our_o river_n that_o the_o britain_n might_n call_v that_o river_n tâv_n tà uwy_o or_o tà uwys_n before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n which_o they_o afterward_o call_v tamesis_n do_v a_o ancient_a ms._n copy_n