which_o they_o say_v happen_v frequent_o in_o the_o great_a and_o sandy_a desert_n but_o these_o be_v very_o few_o and_o i_o suppose_v as_o easy_o blow_v asunder_o as_o bring_v together_o however_o these_o deserve_v here_o no_o particular_a consideration_n this_o rise_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o large_a continent_n be_v doubtless_o very_o great_a though_o none_o either_o have_v or_o will_v ever_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n and_o charge_n to_o measure_v it_o yet_o some_o estimation_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o length_n and_o swiftness_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sail_v against_o that_o stream_n who_o declivity_n be_v one_o pace_n in_o a_o hundred_o yet_o some_o declivity_n there_o must_v be_v and_o as_o they_o say_v seldom_o be_v it_o less_o than_o one_o in_o five_o hundred_o suppose_v then_o the_o nile_n which_o run_v in_o the_o great_a continent_n africa_n which_o we_o know_v in_o the_o world_n it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o 31_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v in_o 10_o deg_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 14_o of_o southerly_a latitude_n in_o all_o 41_o deg_fw-la which_o come_v to_o about_o 2460_o mile_n english_a if_o run_v straight_o but_o because_o of_o its_o bend_n it_o may_v be_v well_o estimate_v 3000_o mile_n which_o allow_v two_o foot_n to_o a_o mile_n come_v to_o six_o thousand_o foot_n if_o it_o move_v with_o as_o slow_a a_o motion_n as_o can_v be_v but_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o swift_a river_n the_o mud_n not_o settle_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v in_o it_o divers_a great_a cataract_n the_o lake_n of_o zaire_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n but_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n be_v more_o certain_o and_o easy_o know_v and_o divers_a of_o they_o have_v be_v measure_v as_o one_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n betwixt_o yorkshire_n and_o lancashire_n pendle-hill_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v be_v not_o find_v to_o exceed_v half_o a_o mile_n in_o perpendicular_a height_n olympus_n somewhat_o above_o a_o mile_n and_o some_o other_o as_o el_n pico_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o teneriffe_n yet_o high_o but_o the_o certainty_n we_o know_v not_o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v and_o calculate_v be_v thus_o which_o be_v much_o easy_a in_o such_o a_o mountain_n as_o teneriff_n or_o pendle-hill_n be_v one_o peak_v or_o top_n stand_v in_o a_o plain_a then_o in_o those_o juga_n or_o ledge_n of_o mountain_n which_o run_v through_o and_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o great_a continent_n of_o the_o world_n whereof_o the_o high_a may_v be_v still_o high_o than_o the_o other_o let_v b_o c_o d_o represent_v a_o mountain_n who_o height_n a_fw-fr c_o be_v thus_o find_v take_v two_o station_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o it_o the_o first_o at_o b_o not_o far_o from_o the_o foot_n the_o other_o at_o e_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o it_o from_o 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c_o a_fw-fr the_o height_n by_o the_o quadrat_fw-la divide_v 10000_o by_o the_o number_n of_o part_n cut_v at_o each_o station_n then_o say_v as_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o quotient_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o statition_n so_o be_v 100_o to_o the_o height_n this_o great_a globe_n be_v not_o only_o divide_v into_o land_n and_o water_n earth_n division_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o many_o other_o way_n in_o respect_n to_o they_o as_o some_o be_v continent_n which_o be_v great_a part_n of_o land_n without_o any_o sea_n island_n be_v small_a part_n encompass_v by_o water_n peninsula_n or_o chersonesus_n be_v a_o part_n of_o land_n which_o will_v be_v call_v a_o island_n be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o join_v it_o to_o the_o continent_n a_o mountain_n or_o rock_n jut_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v a_o promontory_n cape_n or_o headland_n again_o the_o ancient_n divide_v all_o they_o know_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o part_n europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n of_o each_o of_o these_o in_o their_o several_a place_n but_o another_o hemisphere_n have_v be_v late_o discover_v there_o be_v common_o add_v to_o these_o america_n as_o the_o four_o part_n other_o also_o name_v two_o more_o the_o land_n under_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o former_a division_n yet_o because_o we_o know_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v land_n or_o only_a sea_n as_o under_o the_o north_n pole_n seem_v to_o be_v it_o be_v not_o expedient_a to_o account_v they_o distinct_a part_n till_o better_v discover_v our_o mariner_n that_o go_v with_o design_n to_o pass_v under_o or_o near_o the_o north_n pole_n in_o their_o search_n of_o a_o passage_n to_o china_n and_o arrive_v as_o far_o as_o 82_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n find_v nothing_o but_o some_o few_o island_n the_o rest_n as_o they_o can_v see_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n nothing_o but_o ice_n some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o habitable_a world_n receive_v their_o division_n from_o the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n and_o i_o be_o indeed_o obtain_v africa_n but_o japhet_n dwell_v in_o the_o tent_n or_o habitation_n of_o shem_n though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n his_o posterity_n seem_v to_o have_v people_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n we_o despair_v of_o know_v they_o have_v be_v forget_v even_o in_o herodotus_n time_n there_o be_v no_o hope_n now_o of_o retrieve_v they_o see_v the_o discourse_n concern_v the_o map_n of_o europe_n last_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n beforementioned_a description_n the_o particular_a observation_n in_o the_o description_n be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o separate_n and_o distinguish_v country_n nation_n and_o government_n the_o knowledge_n and_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o useful_a design_n of_o this_o whole_a work_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n for_o it_o little_o conduce_v to_o know_v place_n unless_o we_o be_v also_o inform_v of_o what_o be_v contain_v what_o action_n perform_v and_o what_o concern_v ourselves_o may_v have_v in_o they_o in_o those_o therefore_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o name_n situation_n bound_n of_o each_o country_n as_o also_o what_o city_n havens_n town_n fort_n likewise_o what_o mountain_n valley_n cave_n fountain_n and_o other_o such_o remarkable_a and_o to_o we_o and_o our_o country_n unusual_a thing_n as_o nature_n itself_o have_v form_v to_o which_o shall_v be_v add_v the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o its_o production_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discover_v what_o in_o every_o place_n abound_v and_o what_o therein_o may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o country_n or_o what_o may_v probable_o be_v carry_v to_o they_o in_o order_n to_o trade_n in_o every_o nation_n also_o account_n shall_v be_v give_v of_o their_o original_a language_n manner_n religion_n employment_n etc._n etc._n that_o if_o any_o art_n or_o science_n useful_a to_o society_n be_v there_o eminent_a it_o may_v be_v transfer_v into_o our_o own_o country_n much_o more_o considerable_a be_v their_o government_n civil_a and_o military_a their_o magistrate_n law_n assembly_n court_n reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o such_o like_a neither_o must_v we_o omit_v the_o manner_n of_o educate_v their_o youth_n in_o art_n liberal_a and_o mechanic_n teach_v in_o their_o school_n university_n monastery_n shop_n also_o and_o the_o like_a their_o manner_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o poor_a of_o all_o sort_n either_o in_o hospital_n or_o workhouses_n last_o it_o will_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o history_n or_o action_n and_o success_n of_o each_o
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
gustavus_n x._o ann_n 1655_o and_o by_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n xi_o in_o 1663._o public_o ratify_v and_o subscribe_v to_o and_o ever_o since_o by_o he_o maintain_v so_o that_o lutheranism_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n be_v have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n be_v since_o the_o reformation_n very_o much_o impair_v gustavus_n i._n annex_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n 7500_o farm_n and_o ecclesiastical_a live_n yet_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o their_o minister_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o abate_v their_o archbishop_n always_o perform_v the_o religious_a solemnity_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n and_z with_o as_o many_o bishop_n as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v be_v admit_v privy-counsellor_n to_o his_o majesty_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n next_o 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of_o longitude_n and_o of_o latitude_n 58_o ten_o minute_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n the_o present_a seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n situate_v it_o be_v in_o a_o island_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n meller_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n especial_o that_o towards_o the_o sea_n with_o high_a rugged_a rock_n call_v scheren_n which_o hinder_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o city_n but_o very_o much_o secure_v the_o haven_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o of_o dangerous_a entrance_n though_o these_o rock_n be_v a_o defence_n to_o the_o town_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o they_o it_o be_v sometime_o set_v upon_o by_o a_o enemy_n unaware_o as_o it_o be_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1594._o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o king_n birgerus_n anno_fw-la 1261_o and_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n use_v in_o the_o build_n of_o it_o call_v stockholme_n stock_n signify_v wood_n and_o 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christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n there_o be_v in_o it_o eight_o church_n in_o all_o one_o of_o which_o be_v supply_v by_o a_o finlandish_a another_o by_o a_o german_a minister_n who_o constant_o preach_v in_o their_o own_o language_n in_o the_o citadel_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n handsome_o build_v some_o part_n eight_o or_o nine_o story_n high_a yet_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o security_n within_o it_o be_v a_o large_a and_o magnificent_a church_n build_v by_o king_n john_n erect_v upon_o marble_n pillar_n and_o roof_v with_o copper_n with_o a_o private_a chapel_n for_o the_o king_n very_o large_a also_o have_v forty_o window_n on_o each_o side_n where_o at_o the_o high_a altar_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o massy_a silver_n image_n of_o our_o saviour_n crucify_v in_o full_a proportion_n this_o city_n have_v be_v very_o often_o besiege_v ann_n 1434_o by_o the_o people_n of_o sweden_n who_o rebel_v upon_o account_n of_o foreign_a officer_n employ_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o 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promulgation_n of_o law_n etc._n etc._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v twelve_o senator_n or_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o city_n who_o have_v the_o office_n likewise_o for_o their_o life_n out_o of_o these_o four_z be_v elect_v to_o be_v assessor_n to_o the_o consul_n and_o in_o all_o case_n and_o difference_n arise_v to_o assist_v they_o in_o this_o city_n common_o reside_v a_o great_a number_n of_o foreigner_n german_n and_o finlander_n especial_o who_o as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o lutheran_n persuasion_n be_v allow_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n hereabout_o soil_n soil_n as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o sweden_n be_v general_o fruitful_a afford_v store_n of_o corn_n as_o wheat_n rye_n barley_n oat_n etc._n etc._n and_o pasturage_n and_o in_o some_o place_v no_o small_a quantity_n of_o wood._n in_o the_o
serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
new_a werck_n build_v for_o the_o convenient_a harbour_v of_o such_o merchantman_n as_o sail_v that_o way_n but_o the_o great_a royalty_n the_o citizen_n of_o hamburg_n can_v pretend_v to_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o city_n be_v from_o the_o custom-house_n at_o tollenspicker_n not_o far_o from_o winsen_n where_o all_o passenger_n pay_v a_o certain_a toll_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o carriage_n there_o be_v other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n that_o be_v equal_o subject_a to_o this_o city_n and_o lubeck_n and_o pay_v a_o acknowledgement_n to_o both_o corporation_n the_o money_n currant_n in_o hamburg_n money_n money_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o empire_n those_o especial_o of_o the_o emperor_n coin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n some_o small_a piece_n be_v coin_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o burgo-master_n and_o radtsherrn_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o trade_a nation_n in_o europe_n will_v pass_v here_o at_o a_o good_a value_n the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o bremen_n the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o weser_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o german_a or_o british_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o elb._n which_o large_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o cauci_n a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o probable_o the_o ancestor_n of_o those_o who_o to_o this_o day_n inherit_v this_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a lesser_a province_n division_n division_n among_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o verhden_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o next_o in_o order_n and_o greatness_n be_v the_o land_n of_o bremen_n strict_o so_o call_v contain_v a_o circle_n of_o some_o mile_n round_o that_o large_a and_o famous_a city_n the_o three_o considerable_a province_n be_v wursterland_n on_o the_o sea-coast_n from_o the_o weser_n down_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elb._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v reckon_v man_n of_o as_o good_a spirit_n and_o as_o brave_a soldier_n as_o any_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n whatever_o their_o frequent_a rebellion_n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n first_o inure_v they_o to_o war_n and_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o delight_v in_o follow_v the_o camp_n it_o be_v report_v of_o they_o that_o in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o obstinacy_n for_o which_o they_o be_v often_o severe_o lash_v by_o many_o of_o the_o archbishop_n they_o never_o build_v themselves_o any_o city_n or_o fort_n of_o defence_n but_o rely_v whole_o upon_o the_o strength_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o companion_n which_o they_o fancy_v a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o sturdy_a enemy_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o they_o have_v still_o this_o character_n give_v they_o that_o the_o wursterlander_n will_v fight_v and_o drink_v with_o the_o best_a man_n in_o dutchland_n after_o these_o come_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o hadelia_n or_o hadeliria_n das_fw-la landt_fw-ge hadelen_fw-mi a_o proud_a and_o ignorant_a people_n so_o strange_o enamour_a of_o gay-clothes_n that_o their_o neighbour_n allude_v to_o this_o piece_n of_o vanity_n say_v proverbial_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o peasant_n in_o hadeland_n some_o part_n of_o this_o province_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elb_n where_o stand_v the_o fort_n of_o ritzenbuttel_n and_o newwerck_a be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v former_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o hamburg_n another_o considerable_a portion_n of_o it_o in_o which_o be_v seat_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o atterndorff_n which_o command_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n be_v still_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n to_o which_o no_o place_n of_o any_o consequence_n in_o hadelland_n be_v subject_a except_o the_o village_n and_o castle_n of_o nyen-huss_a on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o host_n next_o after_o hadelland_n come_v kedingerland_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o stade_n and_o beyond_o that_o alt-land_n or_o old-land_n a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n of_o about_o fourteen_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n he_o that_o shall_v travel_v the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n soil_n soil_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o have_v a_o very_a mean_a opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o bremen_n meet_v with_o nothing_o but_o barren_a sand_n and_o heath_n a_o waist_n and_o uninhabited_a country_n and_o yet_o elsewhere_o there_o be_v not_o any_o country_n on_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n full_a of_o pleasant_a field_n and_o meadow_n fruitful_a orchard_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n or_o delight_n whence_o some_o witty_a geographer_n have_v please_v themselves_o in_o fancy_v the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n to_o be_v mighty_a like_o a_o spread_a cloak_n the_o two_o flappe_n of_o which_o contain_v the_o country_n along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o weser_n be_v line_v with_o velvet_n or_o plush_n but_o the_o middle_a part_n which_o reach_v from_o vehrden_n up_o as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o host_n be_v nothing_o but_o course_n canvas_n or_o buckram_n before_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o archbishop_n this_o tract_n of_o land_n go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o archbishopric_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n under_o who_o subjection_n it_o be_v be_v style_v archbishop_n of_o bremen_n of_o who_o with_o their_o three_o bishop_n the_o account_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o be_v in_o short_a as_o follows_z 1._o wilhad_n or_o as_o some_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n call_v he_o willibald_a a_o english_a priest_n be_v at_o the_o request_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a send_v over_o into_o germany_n by_o egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n about_o the_o year_n 788_o where_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o convert_v the_o infidel_n of_o that_o country_n to_o christianity_n and_o for_o his_o meritorious_a performance_n at_o last_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v several_a year_n in_o a_o vigilant_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 790_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o bremen_n where_o to_o this_o day_n they_o pretend_v to_o show_v his_o tomb._n 2._o willeric_n another_o english_a man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v succeed_v wilhad_n though_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a chronologer_n do_v not_o mention_v any_o such_o bishop_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a account_n we_o have_v of_o he_o be_v only_o that_o have_v for_o some_o unknown_a time_n some_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o say_v till_o the_o year_n 840_o enjoy_v this_o jurisdiction_n he_o leave_v his_o see_n to_o 3._o luderic_n a_o german_n the_o old_a saxon_a chronicle_n call_v he_o lenderic_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o for_o his_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o arrogance_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a charles_n the_o great_a be_v son_n who_o change_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n into_o a_o archbishopric_n by_o set_v up_o into_o this_o man_n place_n 4._o ansgar_o of_o who_o we_o have_v say_v something_o before_o the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o hamburg_n who_o be_v remove_v to_o bremen_n upon_o the_o sack_n of_o hamburg_n by_o the_o vandal_n in_o the_o year_n 850_o from_o which_o time_n till_o his_o death_n in_o the_o year_n 865_o he_o keep_v both_o the_o title_n the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n stout_o oppose_v this_o union_n allege_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o bremen_n have_v always_o be_v suffragans_fw-la to_o his_o see_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o encroachment_n upon_o his_o jurisdiction_n to_o convert_v that_o place_n into_o a_o archbishopric_n but_o the_o emperor_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o these_o murmur_n proceed_v to_o confirm_v this_o new_o confer_v dignity_n to_o ansgar_n and_o his_o successor_n order_v as_o by_o his_o diploma_n still_o extant_a do_v appear_v that_o within_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o hamburg_n shall_v be_v reckon_v all_o the_o bishop_n in_o denmark_n sweden_n norway_n groneland_n halsingland_n island_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o northern_a country_n 5._o rembert_n st._n ansgar_n scholar_n and_o adopt_a son_n be_v immediate_o upon_o his_o predecessor_n death_n advance_v to_o the_o archbishops_n seat_n which_o he_o keep_v tweny-three_a year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 888._o wilhad_fw-mi ansgar_o and_o this_o rembert_n be_v reckon_v the_o three_o great_a apostle_n of_o the_o saxon_n many_o of_o which_o nation_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o write_v their_o life_n but_o the_o story_n they_o
werdenhagen_n a_o author_n of_o good_a credit_n to_o who_o the_o world_n be_v indebt_v for_o the_o most_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o hans-town_n hitherto_o publish_v tell_v we_o this_o small_a city_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o bernau_n beerwald_n bernstein_n with_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la or_o der_fw-mi beer_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o pleasant_a plot_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n spree_n which_o prickheimer_n dresser_n willichius_n maginus_fw-la bertius_fw-la with_o some_o other_o note_v geographer_n have_v mistake_v for_o ptolomy_n svevus_n whereas_o that_o great_a man_n make_v his_o svevus_n to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o spree_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o havel_n at_o spandau_n with_o which_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o elb_n near_o werben_fw-ge which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v coln_n on_o the_o spree_n as_o it_o be_v name_v for_o distinction_n sake_n famous_a for_o the_o palace_n and_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o castle_n here_o be_v build_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n the_o second_o but_o much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n thing_n most_o worth_a the_o see_v here_o be_v the_o armoury_n chamber_n of_o rarity_n gallery_n in_o some_o of_o which_o among_o multitude_n of_o other_o rare_a picture_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o piece_n of_o the_o famous_a luke_n kranach_n work_n garden_n waterwork_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o the_o citizen_n of_o berlin_n and_o coln_n be_v strange_o alarm_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o apparition_n or_o spirit_n which_o many_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o to_o have_v hear_v it_o pronounce_v these_o word_n veni_fw-la judica_n vivos_fw-la &_o mortvos_fw-la now_o because_o the_o curious_a man_n about_o the_o court_n have_v observe_v the_o say_a year_n 1628._o mystical_o point_v at_o in_o the_o numeral_a letter_n of_o those_o word_n they_o present_o conclude_v that_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n be_v not_o far_o off_o iii_o francfurt_n francfurt_n francfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 146_o by_o sunno_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o pursue_v the_o vandal_n to_o this_o place_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o some_o say_v twenty-eight_a thousand_o of_o his_o countryman_n place_v here_o a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n call_v the_o town_n he_o have_v build_v for_o they_o trajectum_n francorum_n or_o francfurt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1253_o john_n i_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o his_o brother_n otho_n rebuilt_a the_o decay_a town_n and_o enlarge_v it_o above_o a_o three_o part_n in_o the_o year_n 1379_o marquis_n sigismond_n grant_v many_o and_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o society_n of_o the_o hans-town_n last_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n be_v found_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n i._n and_o his_o brother_n albert_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1506_o at_o which_o time_n the_o school_n here_o be_v stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n professor_n of_o best_a note_n in_o this_o university_n of_o late_a year_n and_o probable_o some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v still_o alive_a be_v raetius_n strickius_n becman_n and_o schultz_n who_o have_v please_v their_o countryman_n with_o the_o edition_n of_o some_o few_o disputation_n and_o small_a pamphlet_n of_o good_a credit_n the_o street_n be_v general_o large_a and_o well_o build_v the_o marketplace_n spacious_a and_o stately_a in_o which_o be_v yearly_o keep_v three_o great_a fair_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a carthusian_n monastery_n of_o which_o johannes_n ab_fw-la indagine_fw-la who_o as_o dresser_n report_v be_v author_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o treatise_n upon_o different_a subject_n be_v sometime_o prior._n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v some_o few_o more_o of_o less_o note_n as_o 1._o spandau_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o spree_n but_o mean_v and_o inconsiderable_a for_o its_o building_n 2._o oranienburg_n call_v former_o botzaw_v about_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o berlin_n a_o village_n and_o palace_n that_o afford_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o pleasure_n of_o any_o in_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o most_o delicate_a and_o pleasant_a park_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n bisental_a angermund_n liebenwald_n kremme_n nieustadt_n etc._n etc._n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o they_o prenslow_n a_o town_n well_o furnish_v with_o fish_n from_o the_o adjoin_a vcker_n see_v strasburg_n and_o templin_n be_v three_o well_o fortify_v town_n and_o the_o only_a three_o worth_n the_o mention_v in_o the_o vcker-marck_n iii_o newmarck_n newmarck_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n warta_n and_o pomeren_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o middle-marck_n by_o the_o other_o contain_v in_o circuit_n about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n it_o belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 290_o sell_v it_o to_o otho_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n sigismond_n pawn_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o redeem_v it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o sufficient_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o cornfield_n and_o pasture-ground_n more_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o the_o inhabitant_n plant_v vineyard_n which_o sometime_o though_o rare_o turn_v to_o good_a account_n in_o some_o place_n the_o boar_n find_v now_o and_o then_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o as_o mr._n cambden_n speak_v of_o the_o like_a treasure_n in_o cumberland_n gemmarii_fw-la minimus_fw-la ab_fw-la egenis_fw-la emunt_fw-la &_o maximo_fw-la revendunt_fw-la the_o only_a town_n in_o the_o new-marck_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n be_v custrin_n seat_v upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o this_o too_o custrin_n custrin_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a despicable_a village_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o beggarly_a fisherman_n until_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n return_v from_o his_o follow_v the_o war_n under_o charles_n v._o fortify_v the_o place_n with_o rampire_n and_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n about_o the_o year_n 1537._o but_o find_v that_o whatever_o security_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o from_o these_o fortress_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o bank_n as_o he_o have_v cast_v up_o be_v easy_o wash_v away_o with_o a_o flood_n he_o soon_o after_o wall_v it_o round_o with_o stone_n and_o it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o key_n of_o the_o new-marck_n the_o invincible_a king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v baffle_v at_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o design_a siege_n and_o withdraw_v his_o army_n which_o before_o that_o time_n know_v not_o how_o to_o leave_v a_o town_n unplunder_v so_o that_o this_o city_n may_v possible_o deserve_v that_o high_a character_n which_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n or_o his_o author_n have_v give_v of_o it_o in_o the_o three_o follow_a distich_n ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la adducat_fw-la thracia_n vires_fw-la germanis_fw-la certam_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la necem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la ducat_n terra_fw-la itala_n vires_fw-la teutonibus_fw-la magnum_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la malum_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la humana_fw-la poteris_fw-la delery_a arte_fw-la nec_fw-la vi_fw-la nec_fw-la vigili_fw-la fraud_n dolove_n capi_fw-la the_o burgher_n have_v general_o neat_a and_o well_o furnish_v house_n and_o the_o marketplace_n excel_v any_o in_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n sternberg_n be_v memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a territory_n adjoin_v and_o dam_n konigsberg_n morin_n banen_n soldin_n landsberg_n with_o some_o other_o may_v be_v reckon_v without_o any_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o among_o the_o village_n rather_o than_o city_n of_o the_o marquisate_n the_o place_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o crossen_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o silesia_n and_o lusatia_n shall_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o country_n to_o which_o they_o more_o immediate_o belong_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o historian_n to_o be_v a_o city_n of_o as_o great_a antiquity_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v of_o
in_o this_o church_n forty-nine_a altar_n whereof_o the_o high_a altar_n in_o the_o choir_n be_v of_o one_o piece_n of_o stone_n curious_o wrought_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n it_o be_v nine_o hamburg_n ell_n each_o of_o which_o make_v one_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n in_o length_n four_o in_o breadth_n and_o one_o in_o thickness_n and_o value_v at_o above_o two_o tun_n of_o gold_n magdeburg_n have_v once_o the_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o civil_a case_n as_o well_o as_o ecclesiastical_a over_o all_o the_o other_o city_n in_o saxony_n judicature_n judicature_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v like_o our_o bishop_n of_o durham_n a_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o determine_v all_o cause_n bring_v before_o he_o but_o that_o grand_a authority_n be_v lose_v by_o degree_n and_o now_o the_o citizen_n of_o magdeburg_n have_v no_o other_o court_n of_o judicature_n than_o such_o as_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o raedtsherrn_n of_o other_o city_n as_o well_o as_o this_o that_o part_n of_o this_o dukedom_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o elb_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n but_o want_v wood_n and_o other_o fuel_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n have_v plenty_n of_o wood_n but_o want_v corn._n there_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o whole_a circle_n twenty-eight_a town_n which_o ancient_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o their_o duke_n anhalt_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n lie_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o principality_n the_o whole_a be_v environ_v by_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeldt_n the_o upper_a saxony_n the_o bishopric_n of_o halle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n marchia_n nova_fw-la vulgo_fw-la new_a mark_n in_o march_n brandenburg_n principatus_fw-la anhaldinus_n et_fw-fr magdeburgensis_n archiepiscopatus_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a it_o will_v not_o in_o this_o place_n be_v amiss_o to_o inform_v the_o the_o reader_n that_o prince_n lewis_n beforemention_v to_o the_o great_a credit_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o frucht-barende_a geselschaft_n as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o or_o fructify_a society_n the_o story_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v this_o prince_n have_v travel_v over_o all_o europe_n and_o observe_v the_o great_a advantage_n which_o the_o nobility_n in_o france_n italy_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v in_o be_v furnish_v with_o store_n of_o excellent_a book_n in_o their_o own_o language_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v whether_o he_o can_v persuade_v any_o of_o his_o own_o countryman_n to_o set_v upon_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o best_a latin_n and_o greek_a author_n into_o a_o more_o easy_a and_o intelligible_a stile_n than_o be_v ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n he_o institute_v the_o society_n aforesaid_a whereof_o himself_o be_v the_o first_o precedent_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o herein_o that_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n after_o there_o be_v above_o twenty_o prince_n and_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o lord_n and_o nobleman_n who_o enter_v and_o enroll_v themselves_o in_o this_o college_n of_o wit_n and_o how_o much_o the_o german_a nation_n be_v behold_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o virtuoso_n there_o be_v no_o intelligent_a man_n but_o what_o be_v abundant_o sensible_a for_o beside_o the_o opportunity_n which_o every_o man_n have_v of_o read_v the_o writing_n of_o foreign_a author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n the_o german_n be_v able_a to_o spell_v their_o own_o tongue_n aright_o which_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o this_o society_n so_o few_o of_o they_o can_v do_v that_o duesius_n tell_v we_o one_o main_a design_n of_o his_o publish_v a_o german_a grammar_n be_v to_o teach_v the_o nobility_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o put_v their_o word_n into_o writing_n the_o most_o considerable_a town_n in_o this_o small_a principality_n be_v 1._o zerbst_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb._n dresserus_n fancy_v this_o a_o town_n of_o great_a antiquity_n zerbst_n zerbst_n and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o servetii_n or_o cervetii_n as_o he_o read_v it_o a_o old_a wendish_n people_n but_o werdenhagen_n a_o better_a antiquary_n reject_v this_o frivolous_a assertion_n and_o prove_v that_o zerbst_n in_o the_o wendish_n dialect_n signify_v a_o strong_a fort._n it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o sort_n of_o strong_a heady_a beer_n which_o the_o citizen_n brew_v in_o summer_n and_o send_v abroad_o into_o all_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o province_n 2._o bernburg_n bernburg_n bernburg_n another_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n separate_v from_o the_o palace_n by_o the_o river_n sala_n on_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1636_o this_o town_n be_v take_v by_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n force_n who_o put_v the_o whole_a garrison_n that_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n except_v only_o those_o few_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n court_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o plunder_v the_o city_n 3._o dessau_n a_o well_o fortify_v town_n on_o the_o elb_n dessau_n dessau_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a part_n of_o the_o country_n it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v as_o most_o of_o the_o german_a etymologist_n imagine_v by_o the_o jew_n who_o in_o their_o mongrel_n dutch-jewish_a dialect_n call_v a_o fat_a soil_n such_o as_o this_o town_n stand_v on_o desk_n the_o prince_n palace_n in_o dessau_n be_v first_o build_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o old_a inscription_n over_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n by_o albert_n and_o waldemar_n two_o brother_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 1341._o in_o one_o of_o the_o chapel_n of_o this_o town_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o tomb_n of_o jeckel_n rehebock_n who_o some_o german_a historian_n name_n meniken_n von_fw-mi belitz_n a_o old_a miller_n who_o have_v for_o some_o time_n attend_v waldemar_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o war_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o counterfeit_v his_o slay_a master_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n so_o cunning_o that_o a_o great_a many_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o very_a marquis_n and_o follow_v he_o with_o as_o great_a respect_n as_o they_o have_v do_v his_o master_n before_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1350._o 4._o aschersleben_n or_o ascania_n ascania_n ascania_n whence_o the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n get_v the_o name_n of_o principes_fw-la ascanii_fw-la it_o be_v a_o old_a town_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n seize_v on_o by_o canon_n of_o that_o church_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n otho_n widow_n in_o the_o year_n 1315._o since_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n have_v often_o complain_v of_o the_o injustice_n of_o this_o action_n and_o hope_v for_o a_o redress_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o that_o treaty_n grant_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v too_o potent_a a_o prince_n to_o be_v fright_v into_o a_o resignation_n of_o any_o of_o the_o dependence_n upon_o that_o diocese_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n strict_o so_o call_v comprehend_v only_o the_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o hannover_n or_o calenberg_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o blanckenburg_n and_o reinstein_n be_v indeed_o usual_o comprise_v under_o the_o same_o name_n because_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n and_o wolfenbuttel_n who_o be_v both_o entitle_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o well_o luneburg_n but_o be_v however_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a dominion_n and_o shall_v according_o be_v separately_z describe_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o hannever_n be_v exceed_v populous_a and_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n the_o wheat_n and_o rye_n in_o this_o country_n grow_v sometime_o to_o that_o prodigious_a height_n that_o their_o ordinary_a ear_n of_o corn_n be_v high_o than_o the_o tall_a man_n on_o horseback_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o expect_v to_o meet_v with_o such_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a cornfield_n as_o these_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o country_n a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o hercynean_a forest_n run_v through_o this_o land_n though_o that_o be_v now_o parcele_v out_o into_o small_a wood_n and_o park_n in_o these_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v beside_o the_o provision_n of_o timber_n and_o fuel_n great_a store_n of_o deer_n wild_a swine_n hare_n etc._n etc._n with_o fowl_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o to_o mention_v their_o rich_a mine_n of_o iron_n salt_n and_o coal-pit_n of_o which_o in_o
but_o the_o elector_n palace_n which_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o entertain_v a_o prince_n if_o it_o stand_v at_o dresden_n or_o any_o such_o pleasant_a part_n of_o misnia_n v._o merseburg_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o now_o usual_o assign_v as_o a_o portion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o elector_n young_a brother_n be_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n enjoy_v by_o duke_n christian_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o saxony_n some_o antiquary_n affirm_v that_o in_o this_o place_n stand_v former_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n have_v already_o have_v a_o account_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o mars_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o thence_o conclude_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o be_v marsburg_n or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o god_n mars_n the_o town_n at_o present_a consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o ruinous_a house_n among_o which_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o cathedral_n near_o this_o church_n they_o have_v a_o library_n wherein_o be_v a_o great_a company_n of_o venerable_a manuscript_n but_o very_o ill_o keep_v among_o which_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o book_n of_o sammuel_n and_o the_o king_n in_o latin_a write_v in_o a_o fair_a and_o ancient_a anglo-saxonic_a character_n torgau_n false_o place_v by_o mercator_n in_o the_o upper_a saxony_n ilenburg_n naumburg_n with_o some_o other_o be_v town_n of_o some_o note_n and_o traffic_v but_o not_o by_o much_o so_o considerable_a as_o those_o already_o describe_v lusatia_n superior_n auth._n bartholomeo_n sculteto_n gorlitio_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n munitum_fw-la oppidum_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la officina_fw-la ferri_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o lusatia_n lusatia_n or_o laussnitz_n as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o misnia_n and_o saxony_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a silesia_n not_o many_o year_n since_o this_o province_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o be_v usual_o describe_v as_o such_o by_o most_o geographer_n but_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o lusatian_o have_v join_v themselves_o in_o a_o open_a rebellion_n with_o other_o confederate_a traitor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o emperor_n issue_v out_o his_o commission_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n to_o quell_v these_o revolter_n and_o reduce_v they_o if_o possible_a to_o their_o ancient_a obedience_n this_o he_o do_v effectual_o and_o for_o his_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o proceed_v in_o these_o good_a service_n have_v the_o whole_a province_n pawn_v to_o he_o till_o further_a satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v at_o last_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o emperor_n settle_v this_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o elector_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o state_n except_v only_o some_o few_o place_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n this_o great_a marquisate_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a laussnitz_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v sometime_o by_o geographer_n name_v hexapolis_n because_o it_o have_v in_o it_o six_o city_n lobau_n budissin_n camentz_n gorlitz_n lauben_n and_o zittau_n all_o confederate_a in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n the_o city_n subject_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxovy_n be_v lubben_n on_o the_o spree_n guben_n lucken_n and_o calow_n the_o rest_n as_o cotbus_n peytze_n sommerfeld_n with_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n we_o can_v much_o commend_v this_o country_n for_o its_o fruitfulness_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a sandy_a and_o barren_a soil_n and_o the_o rest_n make_v up_o of_o fen_n and_o bog_n however_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o hard_a shift_n to_o grow_v so_o much_o corn_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o relief_n though_o they_o never_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o export_v any_o of_o it_o into_o foreign_a country_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wood._n venison_n nor_o fish_n nay_o they_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o these_o commodity_n as_o be_v sufficient_a have_v they_o the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_v with_o other_o nation_n to_o enrich_v the_o country_n and_o bring_v in_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o other_o place_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o spree_n and_o neiâ—â—e_n rivers_n rivers_n both_o of_o they_o exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o eelster_n too_o spring_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o be_v a_o rivulet_n of_o no_o consequence_n till_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n it_o appear_v inhabitant_n inhabitant_n from_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o abundance_n of_o wendish_n word_n with_o the_o high_a dutch_a speak_v in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o lusatia_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o slouâ—nian_a nation_n hence_o in_o the_o village_n and_o most_o barbarous_a place_n of_o the_o marquisate_n especial_o in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o unintelligible_a gibberish_n though_o the_o citizen_n every_o where_o speak_v good_a dutch._n some_o of_o these_o people_n geographer_n say_v have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o ilingi_n elysii_n or_o lygii_n other_o from_o the_o semnâ—nes_n a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o scrabi_fw-la and_o a_o four_o from_o the_o lusici_n or_o lutitii_n but_o from_o what_o nation_n or_o kindred_n the_o polander_n name_v this_o marquisate_n ditivonia_n as_o cromer_n newgebawer_n and_o other_o tell_v not_o yet_o learn_v the_o modern_a lusatian_o be_v think_v to_o be_v man_n of_o as_o apprehensive_a and_o quick_a natural_a part_n as_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o exceed_o addict_v to_o covetousness_n and_o penury_n their_o country_n breed_v neither_o horse_n nor_o horseman_n but_o if_o we_o believe_v joh._n boter_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o the_o military_a power_n of_o all_o the_o great_a prince_n and_o potentate_n of_o the_o world_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o raise_v twenty-thousand_a hardy_a foot_n soldier_n who_o will_v endure_v a_o shock_n better_o than_o twice_o that_o number_n of_o delicate_a and_o well-bred_a western_a warrior_n they_o be_v in_o all_o case_n civil_a and_o criminal_a strict_a observer_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n to_o the_o harsh_a tenure_n of_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o better_a obedience_n than_o ever_o they_o be_v know_v to_o do_v former_o to_o any_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o lusatia_n bautzen_n bautzen_n bautzen_n or_o budissina_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o river_n spree_n and_o first_o build_v by_o a_o bohemian_a duke_n of_o this_o name_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o in_o the_o year_n 1634_o this_o city_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v by_o the_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n force_n that_o the_o emperor_n soldier_n who_o keep_v the_o town_n be_v force_v to_o fire_v the_o suburb_n for_o fear_v of_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n this_o fire_n be_v unhappy_o drive_v over_o by_o a_o strong_a wind_n into_o the_o city_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n lay_v it_o in_o ash_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n have_v nothing_o stand_v but_o the_o wall_n and_o castle_n it_o be_v soon_o after_o surrender_v by_o the_o imperialist_n but_o not_o long_o after_o even_o the_o small_a remainder_n of_o this_o large_a town_n be_v demolish_v by_o some_o of_o the_o swedish_n general_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n but_o be_v still_o something_o inferior_a to_o ii_o gorlitz_n gorlitz_n gorlitz_n which_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n neisse_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1139._o other_o say_v it_o be_v found_v by_o duke_n sobieslaus_fw-la about_o the_o year_n 1131._o however_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o be_v burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o gorlitz_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o brandstat_fw-mi in_o the_o high_a dutch_a a_o name_n give_v it_o by_o most_o germane_a signify_v a_o burn_a city_n for_o gorlitz_n be_v a_o corruption_n of_o tzschorlitz_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n and_o that_o of_o ischorelik_a there_o be_v at_o present_a several_a neat_a church_n in_o the_o town_n
brunsberg_n which_o draw_v together_o some_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n oblige_v he_o soon_o after_o to_o wall_n the_o place_n round_o and_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o city_n 6._o ewanczitz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n iglaw_n and_o oslaw_n both_o which_o here_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v afterward_o call_v schwartza_n this_o city_n be_v once_o notorious_a for_o harbour_v more_o different_a sect_n in_o religion_n then_o almost_o any_o other_o town_n in_o europe_n the_o parish_n church_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o two_o prevail_a party_n of_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n both_o of_o which_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o inconsistent_a form_n of_o divine_a worship_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o of_o their_o street_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o jew_n who_o have_v erect_v in_o it_o a_o synagogue_n and_o school_n for_o themselves_o and_o child_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o calvinist_n have_v two_o church_n the_o one_o for_o the_o bohemian_o the_o other_o for_o the_o german_n and_o these_o share_v with_o the_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n in_o the_o magistracy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o city_n another_o part_n of_o the_o suburb_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o holy_a brethren_n of_o switzerland_n a_o pack_n of_o nominal_a christian_n who_o never_o be_v baptize_v think_v it_o a_o damnable_a sin_n to_o wear_v a_o sword_n and_o celebrate_v the_o lord_n supper_n only_o at_o whitsuntide_n the_o photinian_o atheist_n and_o quaker_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o creature_n i_o take_v the_o schwenckfelder_n to_o have_v be_v who_o deny_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a meet_v at_o their_o devotion_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o field_n at_o a_o small_a village_n name_v olekowitz_n about_o half_a a_o english_a mile_n out_o of_o the_o town_n dwell_v the_o anabaptist_n who_o be_v about_o four_o hundred_o in_o number_n but_o this_o ridiculous_a toleration_n and_o distraction_n in_o religion_n come_v to_o this_o issue_n at_o last_o that_o now_o all_o those_o various_a party_n of_o people_n who_o all_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v true_a protestant_n be_v cashier_v and_o none_o permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o jew_n and_o papist_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v a_o great_a many_o more_o city_n if_o what_o caspar_n laudisman_n in_o his_o direction_n for_o the_o speedy_a understanding_n of_o foreign_a language_n affirm_v it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n 100_o city_n 410_o town_n 500_o castle_n and_o 30360_o village_n which_o prodigious_a number_n of_o building_n will_v go_v near_o to_o cover_v almost_o all_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o this_o country_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o more_o than_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v they_o room_n for_o their_o name_n in_o the_o map_n bohemia_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la caritas_fw-la regius_fw-la libera_fw-la oppidum_n regis_fw-la bohemia_n oppida_fw-la â—â—â—inum_fw-la et_fw-la nobil_n …_o pagus_n arx_n castellum_n monasterium_fw-la oppidum_n cum_fw-la arce_n fodine_n auri_fw-la fodine_n argenti_fw-la fodine_n stanni_fw-la fodine_n ferri_fw-la therm_n officina_fw-la vitriaria_n nomina_fw-la quae_fw-la habent_fw-la tri_fw-la …_o in_o …_o nt_v bohemica_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o moravia_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o voitland_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n whence_o the_o learned_a godalstus_n in_o that_o excellent_a treatise_n of_o his_o entitle_v commentarii_n de_fw-fr bohemiae_n regni_fw-la incorporatarumque_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la juribus_fw-la ac_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n well_o argue_v that_o this_o kingdom_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o aught_o still_o to_o be_v so_o account_v since_o all_o the_o people_n that_o encompass_v it_o speak_v the_o high_a dutch_a language_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v encompass_v round_o with_o mountain_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n riphaei_n or_o hill_n of_o giant_n which_o part_n this_o land_n from_o silesia_n out_o of_o these_o spring_n the_o great_a river_n elb_n issue_v out_o of_o two_o of_o they_o famous_a heretofore_o for_o the_o enchantment_n and_o apparition_n of_o evil_a spirit_n that_o use_v to_o haunt_v they_o one_o of_o these_o two_o be_v now_o adays_o name_v by_o the_o silesian_n germane_a that_o live_v near_o it_o schneekippe_v from_o the_o continual_a snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o knieholtz_n from_o the_o short_a shrub_n or_o brush_n wood_n that_o grow_v there_o the_o other_o river_n of_o note_n be_v the_o eager_a muldau_n satzawa_n orliecze_n lusinitz_n gyzera_n and_o mouse_n all_o which_o spring_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v at_o last_o empty_v into_o the_o elb_n at_o dietzin_n most_o of_o these_o run_v in_o a_o clear_a channel_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o native_n find_v a_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n much_o like_o a_o horse-muscle_n with_o a_o pearl_n in_o it_o of_o good_a value_n such_o as_o those_o be_v which_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o lie_v gape_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n irt_v in_o cumberland_n in_o several_a part_n of_o bohemia_n especial_o at_o teplitz_n and_o wary_a both_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o hot_a bath_n there_o find_v spring_v mineral_n and_o medicinal_a water_n which_o exceed_o refresh_v the_o body_n and_o cure_v many_o distemper_n the_o acid_a water_n at_o oegran_n and_o comorzan_n be_v account_v mighty_a sovereign_n against_o many_o disease_n and_o there_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o fountain_n of_o as_o great_a credit_n at_o stechowicz_n near_o prague_n the_o like_a be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o benessow_n near_o caplicze_n which_o for_o the_o cure_v it_o have_v perform_v have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o dobra_n woda_n or_o good_a water_n there_o be_v no_o lake_n in_o the_o kingdom_n pond_n pond_n except_v only_o one_o or_o two_o near_o the_o town_n of_o mosta_n and_o tepla_fw-la of_o little_a or_o no_o moment_n but_o the_o fishpond_n in_o many_o place_n seem_v to_o equal_v the_o lake_n in_o foreign_a country_n witness_v those_o petty_a fresh_a water_n sea_n at_o pardubicz_n clumecz_n trzebon_n rozdialowicz_n and_o copydlan_n where_o the_o pond_n abound_v with_o perch_n jack_n carp_n and_o other_o fish_n bring_v their_o master_n in_o as_o large_a revenue_n as_o so_o many_o good_a lordship_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n be_v general_o fat_a and_o arable_a in_o few_o place_n barren_a or_o sandy_a commodity_n commodity_n you_o have_v here_o also_o fine_a wood_n and_o forest_n intermix_v but_o none_o so_o large_a as_o to_o render_v any_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n uninhabitable_a the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o fruit_n that_o yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n be_v hence_o export_v into_o misnia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v wine_n enough_o if_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o present_a age_n do_v not_o want_v great_a supply_n than_o nature_n in_o their_o own_o vineyard_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o better_a body_v liquor_n than_o moravian_n wine_n and_o equal_v the_o austrian_a in_o taste_n but_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v keep_v to_o so_o good_a a_o age_n the_o field_n and_o meadow_n be_v rich_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n especial_o horse_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a courage_n and_o bulk_n their_o hop-garden_n afford_v they_o a_o better_a and_o more_o plentiful_a crop_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o country_n for_o which_o reason_n their_o beer_n whereof_o they_o have_v two_o sort_n white_a and_o brown_a be_v high_o value_v and_o export_v into_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o germany_n there_o have_v be_v some_o salt-pit_n discover_v in_o bohemia_n but_o so_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o find_v the_o profit_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o cost_n of_o dig_v and_o therefore_o the_o bohemian_o have_v their_o salt_n out_o of_o misnia_n and_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n but_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o their_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n tin_n iron_n lead_v sulphur_n niter_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o by_o their_o glass_n and_o alum_n make_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v carbuncle_n ametheist_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n in_o their_o land_n which_o they_o say_v be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o among_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o hill_n country_n anselm_n boetius_fw-la boodt_n who_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v in_o the_o description_n of_o
of_o the_o equator_fw-la above_o the_o horizon_n be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n to_o 90_o degree_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o if_o therefore_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v at_o noon_n about_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o march_n or_o twelve_o of_o september_n and_o subduct_v from_o 90_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o latitude_n the_o same_o may_v be_v find_v at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n if_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n wherein_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v first_o know_v for_o this_o be_v add_v to_o or_o subtract_v from_o the_o meridional_a altitude_n according_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o day_n be_v below_o or_o above_o the_o equinoctial_a make_v the_o case_n all_o one_o with_o the_o former_a in_o the_o night_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n may_v easy_o be_v take_v by_o the_o polestar_n and_o this_o be_v always_o equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o 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that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v their_o clothes_n but_o wrought_v in_o their_o shirt_n the_o south_n part_n of_o hudsons_n bay_n he_o call_v mare_n novum_n that_o part_n towards_o groneland_n mare_fw-la christianum_fw-la he_o arrive_v in_o 63_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n where_o he_o winter_v and_o call_v it_o muncks_n winter-harbour_n and_o the_o country_n new_a denmark_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o diggs_n island_n in_o that_o long_a winter_n he_o there_o endure_v little_a of_o note_n happen_v but_o that_o in_o april_n it_o rain_v and_o then_o come_v thither_o vast_a quantity_n of_o fowl_n of_o divers_a sort_n to_o breed_v in_o those_o quiet_a undisturbed_a place_n of_o all_o his_o company_n which_o be_v forty-six_a in_o one_o ship_n and_o sixteen_o in_o the_o pinnace_n scarce_o so_o many_o be_v leave_v alive_a as_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v the_o pinnace_n through_o very_o horrid_a danger_n to_o their_o own_o country_n in_o 1636_o the_o gronelandish_a society_n at_o copenhagen_n 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quantity_n of_o sea-vnicorns_a who_o horn_n be_v so_o much_o esteem_v and_o keep_v as_o rarity_n in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o prince_n the_o native_n here_o be_v so_o well_o store_v with_o it_o that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a both_o for_o truck_v and_o their_o own_o use_n they_o make_v of_o they_o beside_o other_o utensil_n sword_n and_o head_n for_o their_o dart_n and_o arrow_n which_o they_o work_v and_o grind_v with_o stone_n till_o they_o make_v they_o as_o sharp-piercing_a as_o we_o this_o horn_n grow_v in_o the_o snout_n of_o the_o fish_n and_o be_v his_o weapon_n wherewith_o he_o fear_v not_o to_o fight_v the_o whale_n and_o to_o assault_v and_o sometime_o endanger_v a_o ship_n the_o fish_n itself_o be_v as_o large_a as_o a_o ox_n very_o strong_a swift_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v catch_v except_o leave_v on_o the_o shore_n by_o the_o tide_n or_o entangle_v
britannicum_fw-la or_o british_a sea_n mare_n germanicum_n or_o german_a sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o we_o as_o belong_v to_o those_o country_n whence_o they_o derive_v their_o name_n we_o defer_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o rives_n that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o country_n rivers_n rivers_n till_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o country_n the_o most_o note_v which_o run_v through_o divers_a country_n be_v these_o first_o the_o danubius_n or_o danow_n which_o arise_v in_o the_o alps_o run_v through_o germany_n hungary_n by_o transylvania_n and_o walachia_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n next_o the_o rhine_n which_o arise_v also_o in_o the_o alps_o not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o danow_n run_v along_o by_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n into_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o next_o be_v boristhenes_n or_o nieper_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n and_o run_v through_o litvania_n volinia_n etc._n etc._n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o last_o don_n or_o tanais_n arise_v likewise_o in_o muscovy_n and_o run_v through_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n fall_v into_o palus_n meotis_n we_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o volga_n till_o we_o come_v to_o asia_n to_o which_o it_o more_o proper_o belong_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n can_v be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o one_o general_a character_n disposition_n disposition_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o religion_n the_o government_n the_o customary_a employment_n and_o the_o divers_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n in_o which_o they_o live_v the_o art_n peculiar_a to_o arts._n arts._n and_o most_o practise_v in_o europe_n and_o there_o invent_v may_v be_v reckon_v print_v paint_v statuary_n divers_a particular_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o navigation_n and_o most_o especial_o in_o the_o learned_a and_o scholastic_a science_n in_o which_o the_o european_n have_v advance_v to_o a_o much_o great_a perfection_n than_o either_o the_o asiatic_o or_o the_o african_n novissima_fw-la russiae_n tabula_fw-la authore_fw-la isaaco_n massa._n doctrina_fw-la et_fw-la humanitate_fw-la praedito_fw-la d._n isaaco_n bernart_n rerum_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la moscoviam_fw-la maxim_n trahuntur_fw-la mercatorâ—…_n peritissimo_fw-la hanc_fw-la moscoviae_n tabula_fw-la dedicat_fw-la affinis_fw-la finis_fw-la hen._n honâ—ius_n wirst_n 〈…〉_o 〈◊〉_d germanica_n quorum_fw-la 〈…〉_o russiae_n vulgo_fw-la moscovia_n dictae_fw-la part_n septentrionalis_n et_fw-fr orientalis_n auctore_fw-la isaaco_n massa_n muscovy_n or_o russia_n mesech_n or_o mosoc_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n be_v general_o suppose_v to_o have_v people_v this_o country_n the_o chief_a reason_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o similitude_n of_o the_o name_n we_o find_v also_o in_o strabo_n frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o moschi_n though_o it_o be_v uncertain_a from_o he_o where_o their_o country_n be_v mela_n place_v they_o near_o the_o caspian_a sea_n pliny_n near_o iberia_n which_o be_v now_o call_v georgia_n lucan_n and_o since_o he_o sidonius_n near_o the_o sarmatae_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o name_n better_o know_v than_o russia_n so_o that_o the_o moschi_n seem_v to_o be_v some_o of_o those_o many_o nation_n at_o this_o time_n under_o and_o that_o towards_o the_o south_n of_o the_o muscovitish_a empire_n but_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o country_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o name_n they_o have_v ancient_o then_o russes_z though_o some_o modern_a latin-writer_n call_v they_o roxalano_n quasi_fw-la russo-alanos_a but_o more_o ruthenos_n and_o their_o nation_n rossia_fw-la which_o signify_v dispersion_n or_o scatter_n because_o they_o though_o very_o great_a and_o populous_a yet_o live_v disperse_v without_o certain_a government_n in_o continual_a quarrel_n and_o dissension_n one_o with_o another_o till_o genareta_n daniel_n or_o ivan_n his_o son_n surname_v caleta_n or_o scrip_n because_o he_o always_o carry_v such_o a_o one_o at_o his_o girdle_n with_o money_n to_o relieve_v such_o as_o be_v in_o necessity_n gather_v and_o bind_v they_o together_o in_o one_o government_n and_o body_n and_o for_o their_o better_a union_n build_v among_o and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o the_o city_n moscow_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o that_o name_n make_v it_o thenceforward_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n from_o whence_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v muscovite_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o have_v advance_v themselves_o into_o a_o very_a great_a and_o famous_a nation_n it_o be_v true_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o the_o name_n of_o russes_z was_z ancient_o further_a extend_v than_o now_o it_o ordinary_o be_v for_o the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v from_o the_o weasel_n to_o volga_n and_o from_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o northern_a ocean_n and_o even_o yet_o the_o polonian_n call_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n red_a russia_n part_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n belong_v to_o lithvania_n black_a russia_n and_o that_o under_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n white_a russia_n as_o they_o say_v because_o that_o people_n ordinary_o woar_v white_a garment_n but_o more_o universal_o white_a cap_n upon_o their_o head_n of_o these_o alone_a in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o treat_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n lie_v between_o 46_o and_o 66_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o astracan_a to_o fretum_n waygatz_n though_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n lie_v some_o more_o south_n and_o some_o more_o north_n which_o allow_v 60_o mile_n to_o a_o degree_n come_v to_o 1260_o english_a mile_n and_o in_o longitude_n from_o boristhenes_n about_o 55_o deg_fw-la to_o the_o volga_n 80_o deg_fw-la after_o the_o same_o rate_n about_o 1500_o of_o the_o same_o mile_n according_a to_o our_o best_a and_o new_a map_n the_o border_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o freeze_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lapland_n on_o the_o south_n be_v the_o crimand_n precop-tartar_n on_o the_o east_n we_o may_v account_v the_o volga_n and_o the_o ob_fw-la to_o be_v his_o border_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n sueden_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lapland_n though_o these_o be_v not_o exact_o set_v down_o yet_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o general_a direction_n more_o preciseness_n must_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a part_n but_o from_o this_o general_a notion_n every_o one_o perceive_v that_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n as_o between_o the_o length_n of_o day_n some_o be_v not_o sixteen_o hour_n other_o six_o month_n long_o so_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a betwixt_o the_o several_a part_n of_o this_o country_n and_o consequent_o as_o great_a variety_n of_o season_n soil_n fruit_n and_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n likewise_o also_o of_o habit_n custom_n diet_n and_o even_o of_o the_o very_a disposition_n and_o manner_n as_o well_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n upon_o which_o heat_n and_o cold_a have_v no_o small_a influence_n so_o that_o we_o shall_v omit_v these_o general_a description_n and_o reserve_v what_o we_o find_v concern_v the_o particular_n to_o their_o proper_a place_n and_o of_o the_o government_n and_o empire_n in_o general_n it_o will_v be_v best_a treat_v of_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o seat_n or_o metropolitical_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n mean_o while_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a province_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n begin_v at_o the_o north-east_n part_n but_o we_o must_v bespeak_v the_o reader_n first_o not_o to_o expect_v any_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o each_o province_n for_o beside_o that_o no_o author_n have_v so_o narrow_o look_v into_o those_o thing_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o emperor_n observe_v not_o always_o the_o same_o commission_n but_o enlarge_n or_o diminish_v his_o government_n as_o himself_o please_v but_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n neither_o have_v we_o a_o exact_a enumeration_n of_o the_o province_n some_o reckon_a more_o some_o few_o those_o who_o number_v they_o according_a to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n can_v find_v their_o count_n for_o those_o place_n mention_v in_o his_o title_n be_v some_o of_o they_o small_a place_n and_o inconsiderable_a some_o again_o contain_v more_o province_n than_o one_o and_o some_o such_o government_n as_o be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n under_o the_o grand_a tzaar_n but_o as_o they_o subdue_v any_o dominion_n they_o unite_v all_o the_o title_n to_o their_o former_a but_o of_o this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v follow_v the_o tract_n of_o ground_n proceed_v from_o north-east_n to_o north-west_n and_o make_v use_n of_o the_o best_a information_n we_o can_v find_v and_o before_o we_o enter_v upon_o russia_n we_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o certain_a people_n that_o take_v up_o a_o great_a share_n of_o these_o northern_a part_n not_o as_o inhabitant_n
of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v person_n send_v to_o instruct_v and_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o those_o excellent_a rule_n which_o themselves_o there_o see_v which_o thing_n be_v according_o grant_v and_o governor_n send_v and_o castle_n and_o town_n order_v to_o be_v build_v and_o the_o people_n to_o be_v instruct_v as_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o do_v moscoviae_n pars_fw-la australis_n isaaco_n massa_n the_o several_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o first_o province_n of_o russia_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v obdoria_n situate_v betwixt_o ob_fw-la and_o pechora_n or_o petzora_n rivers_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o large_a country_n but_o thin_o inhabit_v which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o map_n call_v samoiedia_n more_o frequent_o than_o obdoria_n as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o country_n of_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr concern_v the_o great_a river_n ob_fw-la or_o oby_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o certainty_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o of_o our_o merchant_n have_v be_v there_o a_o english_a factor_n before_o ann_n 1600_o employ_v one_o englishman_n with_o other_o his_o servant_n to_o discover_v the_o way_n unto_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o it_o by_o land_n but_o they_o be_v imprison_v by_o order_n of_o the_o russ-governor_n who_o seem_v unwilling_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v understand_v that_o profit_n but_o themselves_o some_o conceive_v that_o these_o people_n be_v mention_v in_o curtius_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n by_o the_o name_n of_o scythae_n abii_n from_o the_o river_n aby_n or_o oby_n but_o it_o be_v uncertain_a the_o river_n itself_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v from_o a_o lake_n call_v cataisko_n as_o if_o the_o catayan_o who_o most_o man_n conceive_v to_o be_v the_o chinese_n live_v upon_o or_o near_o it_o it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o it_o receive_v many_o great_a river_n whereof_o we_o know_v little_a beside_o the_o name_n that_o it_o be_v navigable_a two_o hundred_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o sea_n beyond_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n that_o the_o mouth_n be_v eighty_o verst_n or_o italian_a mile_n broad_a yet_o many_o shallows_o and_o flat_n in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n the_o samoieds_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o a_o english_a ship_n do_v many_o year_n ago_o arrive_v there_o but_o be_v there_o wrack_v the_o man_n be_v all_o kill_v by_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr betwixt_o oby_n and_o petzora_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o very_a large_a country_n like_o a_o promontory_n run_v very_o far_o into_o the_o north_n or_o freeze_a ocean_n in_o which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o province_n of_o obdora_n and_o condora_n how_o separate_v we_o know_v not_o nor_o any_o thing_n else_o of_o they_o more_o than_o that_o they_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o 1618._o and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n before_o ivan_n vasilowich_n from_o medemskoy_n zavorot_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pechora_n to_o ob_fw-la be_v sixteen_o day_n sail_v with_o a_o good_a wind_n six_o day_n to_o breit-vinnose_a in_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n leave_v the_o rock_n sacolia_fw-la lowdia_fw-la on_o the_o starboard-side_n waygat_n be_v at_o first_o mention_v by_o steph._n burrough_n but_o not_o know_v whether_o to_o be_v a_o distinct_a island_n or_o part_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o in_o some_o of_o our_o late_a map_n it_o be_v quite_o omit_v and_o instead_o of_o it_o be_v put_v fretum_n nassauvianum_n according_a to_o the_o fancy_n of_o our_o neighbour_n the_o inhabitant_n they_o say_v be_v samoieds_n very_o barbarous_a men-eater_n etc._n etc._n over_o against_o these_o strait_n a_o new_a map_n print_v at_o nurenburgh_n this_o year_n 1679_o in_o the_o continent_n where_o we_o conceive_v obdora_n and_o condora_n have_v place_v by_o what_o authority_n and_o whether_o with_o the_o good_a like_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n let_v they_o consider_v who_o be_v concern_v new_a walckeren_n new_a holland_n and_o new_a west-frieseland_a beside_o divers_a other_o name_n of_o the_o low_a country_n i_o suppose_v it_o proceed_v only_o from_o a_o itch_n they_o have_v of_o attribute_v all_o discovery_n to_o and_o give_v name_n by_o themselves_o the_o bay_n of_o petzora_n be_v call_v yongorsky-shar_a and_o there_o fall_v in_o divers_a great_a river_n as_o cara-reca_a or_o the_o black_a river_n moetnaia-reca_a the_o muddy_a river_n zolena-reca_a the_o green_a river_n betwixt_o it_o and_o ob._n petzora_n also_o be_v name_v both_o in_o the_o grand_a tzars_n title_n and_o by_o author_n also_o as_o a_o province_n petzora_n petzora_n which_o they_o say_v be_v bound_v by_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o great_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a or_o cingulum_n mundi_fw-la in_o 1611_o a_o ship_n be_v send_v to_o settle_v a_o factory_a at_o pechora_n they_o find_v the_o bar_n very_o shallow_a nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n water_n afterward_o they_o come_v into_o the_o suchoi-more_a or_o dry_a sea_n because_o of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o pechora_n flow_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o seventy-two_a mouth_n other_o say_v six_o only_a the_o channel_n that_o trend_v south-west_n be_v the_o deep_a and_o best_a the_o town_n be_v call_v pustozera_n because_o on_o a_o lake_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v osera_n and_o it_o lie_v in_o 68_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o town_n be_v three_o church_n and_o the_o people_n poor_a speak_v a_o language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o be_v christian_n ever_o since_o 1518_o they_o live_v chief_o upon_o the_o goose_n and_o other_o fowl_n which_o they_o catch_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n who_o feather_n they_o sell_v to_o merchant_n and_o the_o flesh_n they_o powder_n and_o dry_v for_o winter_n the_o river_n be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n especial_o salmon_n whereof_o in_o one_o year_n they_o take_v above_o fifteen_o thousand_o which_o they_o salt_n sell_v and_o convey_v to_o mezen_n by_o land_n they_o live_v common_o upon_o fresh_a fish_n boil_v and_o dry_v hither_o use_v to_o come_v every_o year_n two_o thousand_o samoieds_n with_o their_o commodity_n the_o pechora_n run_v through_o great_a permia_n and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o be_v five_o week_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n divers_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o it_o as_o shapkina_n nougorotka_n habeaga_n and_o ouse_n of_o which_o beside_o the_o name_n we_o know_v nothing_o east_n of_o the_o pechora_n lie_v the_o promontory_n of_o borandey_n scarce_o mention_v in_o any_o author_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v vetzora_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v original_o samoieds_n but_o somewhat_o civilise_v by_o the_o muscovite_n three_o day_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n lie_v upon_o the_o same_o river_n oustzilma_a a_o town_n of_o about_o threescore_o house_n in_o 66_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n where_o they_o have_v ry_z and_o barley_n grow_v very_o good_a and_o where_o be_v a_o very_a good_a trade_n for_o fur_n siberia_n call_v by_o the_o russes_z sibior_fw-la siberia_n siberia_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n though_o more_o south_n than_o obdoria_n and_o petzora_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o those_o high_a and_o terrible_a mountain_n call_v ziemni-poias_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a wind_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v and_o continual_a snow_n be_v very_o barren_a and_o hardly_o passable_a in_o many_o place_n here_o and_o there_o be_v tree_n some_o say_v cedar_n and_o about_o they_o the_o black_a sables_n and_o the_o best_a white_a falcon_n herberstein_n report_v that_o there_o be_v some_o person_n that_o after_o seventeen_o day_n travel_v to_o go_v over_o they_o return_v back_o as_o think_v they_o unpassable_a they_o be_v heretofore_o all_o samoieds_fw-fr and_o in_o bar._n herbersteins_n time_n have_v neither_o castle_n nor_o city_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n cama_fw-la out_o out_o of_o it_o arise_v the_o jayck_n a_o large_a river_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o plain_n of_o tartary_n enter_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o country_n be_v then_o also_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o almost_o desert_a till_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o muscovite_n together_o with_o the_o other_o samoieds_fw-fr the_o country_n be_v so_o call_v from_o sibier_n or_o sibior_fw-la the_o first_o build_v city_n among_o they_o though_o tobolsca_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n to_o which_o the_o teseek_n boughars_n and_o tartar_n bring_v very_o rich_a commodity_n from_o persia_n of_o all_o sort_n papinougorod_n also_o be_v a_o good_a trade_n town_n so_o call_v from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o papini_n among_o who_o it_o be_v build_v who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o samoieds_n and_o have_v a_o peculiar_a language_n but_o siberia_n be_v now_o for_o nothing_o more_o famous_a then_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n of_o banishment_n for_o such_o either_o offender_n as_o
suedes_o at_o the_o treaty_n 1616_o of_o stolbow_n the_o grand_a tzar_n quit_v the_o title_n of_o this_o country_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n vodska_n or_o votska_n thirty_o league_n north_n of_o novogorod_n vodska_n vodska_n upon_o its_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o ivanogorod_n surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o same_o treaty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o town_n jamagrod_v and_o augdow_n and_o the_o castle_n coporia_n noteburg_n and_o kexholm_n they_o say_v that_o all_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o this_o province_n turn_v white_a the_o inhabitant_n have_v a_o language_n proper_a to_o themselves_o woskopitin_n be_v by_o some_o author_n place_v between_o kexholm_n and_o noteburg_n woskopitin_n woskopitin_n a_o large_a and_o fruitful_a province_n both_o for_o corn_n and_o cattle_n but_o so_o pester_v with_o lake_n and_o marsh_n that_o it_o be_v very_o little_o frequent_v and_o the_o name_n scarce_o know_v bieleiezioro_n bieleiozioro_n bieleiozioro_n situate_v upon_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o signification_n i.e._n the_o white_a lake_n which_o lake_n be_v thirteen_o league_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o furnish_v only_o one_o river_n call_v sosna_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n in_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o castle_n both_o for_o natural_a and_o artisicial_a strength_n account_v impregnable_a whither_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n the_o prince_n have_v send_v their_o treasure_n and_o themselves_o also_o retire_v the_o whole_a province_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n that_o except_o when_o they_o be_v hard_o freeze_v it_o be_v not_o easy_o passable_a near_o this_o lake_n be_v another_o small_a lake_n that_o produce_v sulphur_n i_o rather_o suppose_v naphtha_n or_o petroleum_n swim_v like_o froth_n or_o oil_n upon_o the_o water_n this_o be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o possess_v by_o sinaus_n varegus_n who_o brother_n truvor_v settle_v in_o pskouvia_n and_o runiz_n in_o novogardia_n these_o three_o be_v by_o the_o russes_z look_v upon_o as_o the_o founder_n of_o their_o nation_n vologda_n be_v the_o only_a city_n in_o all_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n that_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o stone-wall_n vologda_fw-la vologda_fw-la and_o for_o its_o strength_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o secure_v here_o part_n of_o his_o treasure_n it_o be_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o westerly_a and_o northerly_a province_n much_o encumber_a with_o wood_n and_o marsh_n many_o of_o which_o be_v except_o in_o winter_n utter_o unpassable_a it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o river_n waga_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o dwina_n and_o it_o together_o with_o all_o the_o province_n mention_v since_o dwina_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogorod_n novogorod_n call_v weliki_n or_o the_o great_a novogorod_n novogorod_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o of_o that_o name_n the_o dutch_a call_v it_o nieugarten_n in_o 58_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n volgda_n not_o volga_n or_o volchou_n famous_a for_o its_o bremes_n a_o little_a below_o the_o lake_n ilmin_n whilst_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n it_o be_v in_o so_o great_a power_n fame_n and_o wealth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a commerce_n of_o several_a nation_n there_o establish_v that_o it_o be_v proverbial_o speak_v who_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o god_n and_o great_a novogorod_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o trade_n be_v the_o convenience_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v navigable_a from_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o the_o country_n abound_v in_o wheat_n flax_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n and_o leather_n which_o be_v better_o dress_v here_o than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n invite_v hither_o so_o many_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o northern_a country_n and_o those_o upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a city_n of_o all_o the_o north_n for_o trade_n and_o wealth_n the_o first_o diminution_n of_o it_o be_v from_o vitold_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n who_o 1427_o oblige_a the_o city_n to_o compound_v for_o their_o peace_n at_o a_o great_a rate_n but_o ivan_n vasili_n grotsdin_n 1477_o force_v they_o to_o receive_v a_o governor_n from_o he_o but_o that_o not_o satisfy_v of_o he_o he_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n pretend_v i_o know_v not_o what_o devotion_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n with_o his_o army_n he_o pillage_v it_o carrying_z away_o three_o hundred_o cart_n load_v with_o jewel_n gold_n and_o silver_n beside_o many_o more_o fill_v with_o rich_a stuff_n and_o sumptuous_a moveable_n all_o which_o he_o send_v to_o moscow_n and_o transport_v many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o other_o place_n and_o send_v muscovite_n to_o inhabit_v in_o their_o stead_n but_o their_o great_a calamity_n be_v from_o ivan_n vasilowich_n in_o 1569_o who_o upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o their_o endeavour_v to_o revolt_v come_v hither_o with_o his_o army_n slay_v drown_v and_o trample_v to_o death_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n present_o after_o this_o follow_v a_o great_a plague_n which_o bring_v so_o great_a a_o famine_n that_o they_o eat_v one_o another_o the_o tzar_n on_o this_o occasion_n pretend_v to_o punish_v their_o inhumanity_n cut_v to_o piece_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a inhabitant_n his_o barbarous_a cruelty_n here_o act_v be_v not_o sit_v to_o be_v repeat_v it_o be_v in_o 1611_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n by_o storm_n but_o at_o the_o great_a treaty_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o russia_n and_o sweden_n it_o be_v agree_v to_o be_v redeliver_v to_o the_o russes_z and_o in_o their_o hand_n it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o water_n be_v a_o strong_a castle_n build_v of_o stone_n join_v to_o the_o city_n by_o a_o large_a bridge_n wherein_o live_v the_o weywod_n or_o governor_n and_o the_o metropolitan_a by_o which_o two_o all_o the_o affair_n ecclesiastical_a civil_a and_o military_a in_o all_o that_o province_n be_v govern_v the_o town_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o rampart_n of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o midst_n reasonable_o well_o fortify_v there_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o monastery_n whereof_o that_o of_o st._n antony_n be_v the_o chief_a church_n and_o chapel_n which_o have_v their_o steeple_n and_o tower_n cover_v with_o copper_n gild_v the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n stara-russa_a brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a be_v brunitza_n sedrowa_n and_o stara-russa_a which_o the_o baron_n of_o herberstein_n call_v russ_n and_o say_v it_o give_v name_n to_o all_o the_o russes_z near_o that_o town_n be_v a_o salt_n river_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v form_v into_o a_o lake_n and_o with_o conduit_n draw_v the_o salt-water_n to_o their_o house_n where_o they_o boil_v the_o salt_n with_o which_o and_o other_o commodity_n they_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n into_o polotskow_n a_o province_n of_o poland_n the_o russes_z say_v that_o near_o to_o novogorod_n be_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o whip_n mention_v by_o justin_n l._n 2._o and_o many_o other_o author_n wherewith_o the_o master_n return_v victorious_a after_o some_o year_n war_n conquer_v their_o slave_n who_o in_o the_o long_a time_n of_o their_o absence_n have_v seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n and_o wife_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o novogorod-money_n have_v former_o on_o one_o side_n a_o horseman_n shake_v his_o whip_n bielski_n be_v a_o province_n between_o novogorod_n and_o smolensko_n bielski_n bielski_n have_v its_o principal_a city_n and_o castle_n call_v biela_n bielha_n or_o bielow_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n osca_n this_o have_v heretofore_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o subject_a to_o the_o descendants_n of_o jagellan_n duke_n of_o litvania_n till_o basilius_n prince_n of_o bielski_n fall_v off_o to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n and_o agree_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n it_o now_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o his_o title_n as_o do_v also_o that_o of_o rischow_n rischow_n rischow_n which_o have_v also_o a_o castle_n and_o city_n of_o that_o name_n it_o have_v also_o former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o but_o now_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o russ-empire_n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n and_o lake_n particular_o here_o be_v that_o great_a forest_n of_o wolchonisky_n wherein_o arise_v the_o volga_n the_o dnieper_n the_o dwina_n and_o the_o lowat_n all_o great_a river_n near_o to_o this_o be_v woloizk_a famous_a for_o its_o white_a hare_n and_o the_o prince_n frequent_a hunt_v there_o wyelikyeluki_n a_o large_a city_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o toropyecz_n a_o large_a town_n also_o and_o a_o castle_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o russia_n by_o surrender_n of_o their_o proper_a lord_n it_o be_v be_v near_a to_o the_o foresay_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o north-west_n from_o moskow_n the_o capital_a town_n
common_o retire_v thither_o to_o hunt_v in_o the_o town_n be_v reckon_v near_o thirty_o thousand_o inhabitant_n east_n of_o this_o be_v the_o city_n and_o principality_n of_o wolodomir_n wolodomir_n wolodomir_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o the_o russes_z till_o ivan_n or_o danislow_n build_v moskow_n and_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n thither_o more_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o soil_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o render_v frequent_o thirty_o for_o one_o the_o city_n be_v the_o second_o in_o the_o empire_n for_o greatness_n and_o be_v build_v by_o wolodomir_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a founder_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o 928._o some_o say_v that_o he_o marry_v helena_n the_o daughter_n of_o niceph._n phocas_n but_o the_o chronology_n will_v hardly_o permit_v it_o east_n of_o wolodomir_n be_v the_o city_n and_o province_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a in_o dutch_a nisen_n nieugarten_n or_o little_a novogrod_n nisi-novogrod_a nisi-novogrod_a some_o call_v it_o novogrod_v the_o low_a or_o in_o the_o low_a country_n a_o country_n very_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a this_o province_n also_o be_v the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o christianity_n for_o though_o the_o grand_a tzar_n have_v some_o dominion_n east_n of_o it_o even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n and_o castle_n sura_n yet_o be_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o czremiss_a and_o mordwitz_n tartar_n and_o follow_v mahomet_n the_o city_n be_v in_o 56_o deg_fw-la 28_o min._n it_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o volga_n which_o be_v join_v make_v a_o river_n of_o four_o hundred_o geometrical_a foot_n broad_a it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o russes_z and_o german_n who_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n there_o be_v also_o a_o famous_a church_n build_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n ago_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o constantinople_n all_o provision_n be_v exceed_o cheap_a here_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n with_o very_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n vasilie_o ivanowich_n near_o to_o this_o be_v vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n where_o the_o sura_n fall_v into_o the_o volga_n between_o novogrod_n and_o cazan_n bezvodna_n kadniza_n rubotka_n tzetschina_fw-la targinit_n jurkin_n masa_n kremonki_n parmino_n beside_o other_o be_v large_a village_n in_o this_o province_n spessabelka_fw-mi stoba_n welikopat_fw-la tsimonskoy_n and_o dioploy_v be_v considerable_a island_n in_o the_o river_n the_o principality_n of_o casinow_n be_v also_o near_o to_o this_o casinow_n casinow_n the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o tartar_n language_n all_o their_o woman_n go_v with_o their_o head_n uncover_v and_o die_v the_o nail_n of_o their_o finger_n black_a wiatka_n or_o viathka_n a_o province_n city_n wiatka_n wiatka_n and_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lie_v north_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a it_o be_v a_o barren_a marish_a country_n vasilie_o take_v it_o from_o the_o tartar_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n and_o title_n yet_o the_o tartar_n still_o lurk_v and_o steal_v what_o they_o can_v about_o and_o among_o the_o russes_z in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o town_n of_o chilinova_n orlo_n cotenicz_n and_o sloboda_n among_o those_o country_n live_v the_o czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n mordwa-tartar_n czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n their_o custom_n be_v not_o much_o different_a save_v that_o the_o mordwitz_n have_v some_o few_o more_o house_n those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o wolga_n they_o call_v nagorni_n mountainier_n those_o on_o the_o other_o lugowi_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o plain_a and_o grassy_a country_n there_o be_v among_o they_o some_o mahometans_n but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v heathen_a who_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v one_o eternal_a god_n and_o evil_a angel_n also_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pacify_v lest_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o harm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n not_o far_o from_o casan_n be_v a_o river_n call_v nemda_n to_o which_o they_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n where_o as_o also_o in_o a_o brook_n hard_o by_o the_o nemda_n call_v schokshem_n they_o think_v the_o devil_n dwell_v this_o brook_n have_v not_o above_o four_o foot_n water_n but_o never_o freeze_v whence_o they_o conceive_v such_o fancy_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o approach_v at_o too_o near_o a_o distance_n and_o then_o also_o with_o present_n lest_o the_o devil_n shall_v be_v angry_a with_o and_o kill_v they_o though_o they_o see_v the_o russes_z have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o any_o such_o danger_n when_o they_o sacrifice_v they_o kill_v a_o horse_n cow_n or_o sheep_n and_o hang_v the_o skin_n upon_o a_o pole_n between_o two_o tree_n they_o roast_v or_o boil_v the_o flesh_n part_n of_o which_o they_o take_v in_o one_o hand_n and_o mead_n or_o some_o other_o beverage_n in_o the_o other_o and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o fire_n before_o the_o skin_n pray_v the_o skin_n to_o take_v care_n of_o present_v their_o prayer_n and_o request_n to_o god_n which_o be_v only_o for_o conveniency_n of_o this_o life_n they_o worship_v also_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o what_o they_o dream_v of_o in_o the_o night_n but_o have_v neither_o temple_n priest_n nor_o service_n their_o language_n be_v peculiar_a to_o themselves_o though_o be_v under_o the_o grand_a tzar_n many_o of_o they_o now_o speak_v the_o russ_n if_o a_o rich_a man_n die_v they_o kill_v his_o best_a horse_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o the_o next_o world_n but_o his_o near_a friend_n eat_v he_o polygamy_n be_v frequent_a among_o they_o but_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v without_o child_n three_o year_n they_o dismiss_v she_o and_o take_v another_o and_o often_o the_o sister_n of_o a_o former_a wife_n their_o woman_n be_v wrap_v rather_o then_o habit_v in_o white_a cloth_n which_o leave_v nothing_o of_o they_o see_v but_o their_o face_n those_o who_o be_v betroth_v have_v on_o their_o head_n a_o coif_n with_o a_o point_n half_o a_o ell_n long_o whereat_o hang_v a_o bell_n the_o man_n shave_v their_o head_n all_o of_o they_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v very_o swift_a and_o excellent_a archer_n the_o mordwitz_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o governor_n or_o captain_n of_o their_o own_o but_o they_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o all_o his_o war_n but_o pay_v he_o no_o tribute_n except_o what_o present_v they_o voluntary_o send_v he_o resan_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o occa_fw-la and_o don_n resan_n resan_n or_o tanais_n which_o rise_v in_o this_o country_n near_o to_o it_o be_v the_o city_n of_o colunna_n columna_fw-la or_o colon_n but_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o resan_n be_v also_o call_v resan_n upon_o the_o occa_fw-la near_o the_o isle_n of_o strub_n which_o heretofore_o be_v a_o government_n of_o itself_o this_o province_n be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a in_o all_o russia_n if_o not_o in_o the_o world_n if_o they_o romance_n not_o too_o much_o who_o say_v that_o one_o grain_n produce_v many_o stalk_n each_o stalk_n many_o ear_n that_o it_o grow_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o a_o horse_n can_v very_o difficult_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o a_o quail_n fly_v out_o of_o it_o they_o till_o every_o year_n but_o never_o manure_v their_o land_n the_o fruit_n also_o here_o be_v very_o good_a the_o people_n also_o very_o courageous_a civil_a and_o liberal_a towards_o stranger_n the_o province_n be_v able_a to_o send_v fifteen_o thousand_o cavalier_n to_o the_o war_n and_o forty_o thousand_o foot_n in_o this_o province_n be_v great_a town_n corsira_n or_o cassier_n former_o head_n of_o a_o province_n of_o its_o own_o name_n tulla_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a desert_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a stone_n castle_n build_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n basilius_n who_o take_v it_o by_o force_n from_o the_o prince_n that_o have_v the_o right_a and_o dominion_n of_o it_o odoiow_n where_o tulla_n and_o vppa_n flow_v into_o the_o occa._n near_o to_o this_o be_v msczeneck_n a_o strong_a fort_n but_o now_o ruin_v thereabouts_o live_v a_o few_o poor_a people_n in_o their_o hut_n who_o refuge_n themselves_o in_o the_o great_a marsh_n which_o take_v up_o all_o that_o country_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n colluga_o famous_a for_o its_o wooden_a ware_n czirpac_n near_o to_o which_o be_v iron-mine_n the_o only_a sort_n of_o mine_n in_o all_o muscovy_n and_o worotin_n a_o small_a province_n all_o upon_o the_o occa_fw-la as_o also_o the_o town_n of_o cazigorod_n and_o murina_n this_o river_n breed_v the_o best_a fish_n and_o water_v the_o rich_a meadow_n in_o all_o russia_n we_o have_v not_o yet_o speak_v of_o leucomoria_n loppia_n and_o some_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o ob_fw-la and_o the_o north_n sea_n because_o part_v of_o
people_n be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o sled_n the_o cold_a also_o endure_v a_o long_a time_n the_o frost_n ordinary_o begin_v with_o november_n but_o break_v not_o up_o till_o april_n i.e._n till_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v some_o considerable_a time_n above_o their_o horizon_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o their_o plant_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v underground_o in_o winter_n be_v ready_a to_o thrust_v itself_o into_o the_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v liberty_n their_o rye_n for_o this_o reason_n they_o sow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v melt_v it_o may_v spring_v and_o have_v time_n to_o ripen_v but_o all_o their_o other_o corn_n which_o require_v not_o so_o much_o maturation_n they_o sow_v not_o till_o may._n and_o it_o be_v by_o stranger_n much_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o even_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n be_v go_v the_o field_n be_v all_o green_a and_o plant_n spring_n much_o fast_o than_o in_o another_o place_n where_o their_o natural_a force_n and_o vigour_n have_v not_o be_v so_o much_o restrain_v and_o keep_v back_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o snow_n so_o that_o what_o they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o june_n they_o reap_v in_o july_n and_o august_n and_o indeed_o the_o shortness_n of_o their_o summer_n allow_v they_o not_o much_o time_n for_o tillage_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o their_o rye_n be_v in_o its_o kind_n their_o best_a grain_n and_o for_o their_o fruit_n though_o they_o have_v of_o most_o sort_n as_o apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o good_a nor_o do_v not_o ripen_v so_o kind_o nor_o can_v be_v so_o long_o preserve_v as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o grow_v and_o ripen_v slow_a but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o hasty_a and_o speedy_a growth_n be_v very_o good_a as_o all_o sort_n of_o berry_n herb_n gourd_n and_o melon_n which_o be_v here_o both_o exceed_o great_a some_o weigh_a forty_o pound_n and_o very_o well_o taste_v but_o they_o breed_v they_o in_o hot_a bed_n as_o we_o do_v here_o and_o never_o remove_v they_o all_o author_n almost_o speak_v of_o a_o certain_a melon_n or_o gourd_n call_v boranetz_n or_o a_o lamb_n that_o grow_v upon_o a_o stalk_n and_o when_o it_o have_v eat_v all_o the_o grass_n within_o its_o reach_n it_o die_v it_o be_v possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o fruit_n which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o imagination_n may_v somewhat_o resemble_v a_o lamb_n and_o it_o may_v also_o be_v downy_a and_o woolly_a also_o it_o may_v be_v either_o of_o so_o hot_a a_o temper_n or_o so_o great_a a_o depredator_n of_o moisture_n that_o it_o may_v cause_v the_o neighbouring-plant_n to_o wither_v and_o die_v but_o that_o there_o be_v any_o animal_n grow_v upon_o a_o root_n and_o eat_v etc._n etc._n they_o that_o have_v see_v it_o must_v believe_v it_o but_o other_o person_n may_v have_v their_o liberty_n it_o be_v not_o long_o ago_o since_o they_o begin_v to_o cultivate_v garden-herb_n but_o they_o prosper_v very_o well_o as_o asparagus_n for_o the_o purpose_n grow_v as_o thick_a as_o a_o man_n thumb_n and_o edible_a root_n must_v needs_o become_v both_o large_a and_o pleasant_a from_o this_o multitude_n of_o melt_a snow_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o soft_a and_o mellow_a which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o inconvenience_n in_o their_o high_a way_n insomuch_o that_o even_o the_o street_n of_o moskow_n will_v be_v unpassable_a be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o pave_v they_o with_o round_a fir-tree_n lay_v close_o to_o one_o another_o yet_o in_o their_o till_v their_o ground_n it_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o manure_a even_o in_o the_o barren_a place_n nor_o be_v their_o ground_n difficult_a to_o belabour_v not_o small_a convenience_n to_o a_o lazy_a people_n that_o even_o stir_v it_o with_o a_o stick_n be_v in_o some_o place_n sufficient_a for_o their_o corn._n nor_o be_v their_o corn_n be_v so_o short_a a_o time_n betwixt_o the_o sow_a and_o harvest_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o accident_n drought_n rain_n blast_n etc._n etc._n as_o we_o be_v whence_o it_o be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v exceed_o rare_a to_o hear_v of_o a_o dearth_n in_o muscovy_n except_o by_o the_o wickedness_n of_o they_o that_o buy_v up_o the_o corn_n to_o sell_v it_o dear_a though_o they_o sow_v little_o more_o than_o for_o their_o own_o spend_v but_o sow_v for_o plenty_n they_o have_v much_o to_o spare_v as_o the_o dutch_a know_v very_o well_o who_o bring_v thence_o great_a quantity_n to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n it_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o their_o weather_n that_o the_o summer_n be_v violent_o hot_a both_o because_o their_o day_n be_v so_o long_o and_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n sandy_a which_o easy_o receive_v and_o retain_v strong_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o long_o upon_o it_o this_o heat_n come_v upon_o proportionable_a moisture_n produce_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o gnat_n and_o other_o infect_v which_o though_o not_o so_o dangerous_a as_o toad_n and_o viper_n yet_o be_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o a_o much_o great_a annoyance_n indeed_o a_o extraordinary_a heat_n be_v requisite_a to_o force_v up_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o material_n as_o must_v serve_v to_o make_v so_o much_o snow_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o ground_n some_o yard_n thick_a but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o believe_v what_o some_o author_n say_v that_o it_o sometime_o set_v on_o fire_n their_o cornfield_n and_o their_o wood_n but_o this_o heat_n be_v augment_v or_o conserve_v as_o be_v say_v before_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o in_o livonia_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o latitude_n yea_o divide_v only_o from_o russia_n by_o the_o river_n narva_n their_o corn_n seldom_o come_v to_o be_v so_o ripe_a and_o hard_a that_o they_o can_v thresh_v or_o grind_v it_o but_o they_o be_v force_v to_o help_v themselves_o with_o stove_n build_v in_o their_o barn_n for_o dry_v their_o corn_n which_o though_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o thresh_v yet_o it_o neither_o yield_v so_o much_o flower_n nor_o be_v so_o good_a to_o sow_v as_o that_o which_o ripen_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o it_o always_o do_v in_o muscovy_n the_o country_n be_v general_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n and_o their_o forest_n consist_v most_o of_o fir_n and_o birch_n which_o love_v a_o light_n sandy_a soil_n and_o lake_n both_o i_o believe_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n want_v of_o tillage_n for_o the_o native_n husband_v not_o much_o more_o than_o they_o be_v sure_o will_v serve_v themselves_o for_o shall_v they_o have_v great_a plenty_n they_o can_v not_o find_v market_n for_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o careful_a of_o increase_a their_o stock_n of_o man_n albertus_n campensis_n tell_v very_o great_a story_n who_o in_o some_o thing_n we_o have_v follow_v of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o people_n in_o russia_n possevine_v again_o as_o much_o disparage_v they_o but_o our_o own_o author_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o people_v as_o it_o may_v be_v partly_o because_o of_o their_o war_n which_o devour_v always_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v lazy_a and_o take_v more_o care_n themselves_o to_o live_v in_o ease_n and_o plenty_n then_o to_o multiply_v their_o nation_n or_o employ_v more_o hand_n then_o of_o needs_o they_o must_v these_o forest_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o beast_n and_o fowl_n their_o beast_n be_v elk_n which_o the_o german_n call_v elans_n and_o olan_n and_o the_o russes_z lozzi_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o the_o rain-deer_n wild_a bull_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o bisontes_n of_o the_o ancient_n boar_n bear_n of_o a_o prodigious_a magnitude_n strength_n and_o cruelty_n both_o white_a and_o black_a wolf_n also_o too_o many_o for_o in_o a_o hard_a winter_n both_o the_o bear_n who_o sleep_v not_o when_o hunger_n pinch_v they_o and_o wolf_n be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o their_o cattle_n and_o their_o person_n also_o when_o they_o meet_v they_o unarm_v there_o be_v also_o horse_n plenty_n small_a but_o strong_a courageous_a and_o very_o serviceable_a cow_n goat_n and_o sheep_n fallow_a deer_n also_o and_o roe-buck_n in_o great_a plenty_n beside_o these_o be_v many_o other_o who_o be_v hunt_v only_o for_o their_o fur_n as_o the_o wolverine_n or_o wood-dog_n beavor_n once_o lysern_n sable_n martron_n black_a dun_a red_a and_o white_a fox_n the_o gurnstal_n the_o laset_n or_o minever_n hare_n which_o in_o winter_n change_v their_o colour_n into_o white_a as_o the_o squirrel_n do_v into_o gray_a whereof_o come_v the_o fur_n they_o call_v calaber_n there_o be_v one_o sort_n of_o squirrel_n that_o have_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o its_o
shoulder_n a_o tuft_n of_o hair_n much_o like_a unto_o feather_n with_o a_o broad_a tail_n with_o which_o they_o aid_v themselves_o so_o much_o in_o their_o leap_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o fly_v the_o fur_n of_o these_o be_v the_o great_a riches_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n since_o they_o sell_v to_o stranger_n beside_o what_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n for_o tribute_n for_o a_o million_o of_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n the_o chief_a be_v black_a fox_n sable_n beavor_n white_a bear_n ermine_n or_o gurnstal_v and_o squirrel_n wolverin_n also_o and_o white_a fox_n be_v much_o esteem_v as_o also_o that_o of_o a_o water-rat_n which_o smell_v like_o musk._n there_o be_v so_o great_a abundance_n of_o fowl_n and_o bird_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o catch_v the_o small_a sort_n as_o thrush_n fieldfare_n and_o the_o like_a bird_n of_o prey_n here_o be_v very_o excellent_a of_o divers_a sort_n gerfalcon_n be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o white_a which_o be_v for_o their_o rarity_n of_o great_a price_n and_o present_v for_o prince_n of_o their_o fish_n we_o shall_v speak_v when_o come_v to_o their_o lake_n the_o other_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v mine_n and_o of_o these_o we_o have_v but_o a_o very_a slender_a account_n it_o be_v report_v that_o not_o long_o ago_o there_o have_v be_v discover_v near_o tula_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o tartary_n a_o silver_n i_o which_o be_v wrought_v by_o german_a workman_n send_v thither_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o this_o mine_n in_o a_o delightful_a valley_n between_o two_o high_a mountain_n be_v a_o ironwork_n upon_o a_o small_a but_o convenient_a river_n this_o be_v and_o i_o believe_v still_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o commissary_n from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o furnish_v into_o the_o grand_a duke_n arsenal_n yearly_a a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o bar_n of_o iron_n of_o canon_n and_o fifty_o thousand_o pood_n or_o twenty_o thousand_o quintal_n of_o ball_n by_o a_o contract_n make_v with_o the_o emperor_n peter_n marcelis_n the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o this_o work_n grow_v to_o be_v very_o considerable_a at_o the_o court_n and_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o trade_v alone_o in_o iron_n corn_n and_o fish-oyl_n as_o also_o to_o make_v gold_n and_o silver-wire_n which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a profit_n consider_v the_o great_a use_n of_o embroidery_n in_o muscovy_n there_o be_v in_o several_a other_o place_n especial_o towards_o the_o north-west_n part_n iron-mine_n also_o but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o this_o last_o mention_v however_o in_o all_o of_o they_o the_o iron_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v brittle_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o serviceable_a for_o many_o use_n to_o which_o they_o understand_v very_o well_o how_o to_o apply_v it_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n which_o draw_v merchant_n thither_o be_v 1._o their_o fur_n 2._o wax_v whereof_o they_o have_v ship_v in_o one_o year_n heretofore_o fifty_o thousand_o pood_n every_o pood_n be_v forty_o pound_n but_o now_o not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o pood_n 3._o honey_n whereof_o they_o spend_v great_a quantity_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o their_o drink_n yet_o be_v much_o also_o transport_v 4._o tallow_n heretofore_o much_o more_o now_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o pood_n yearly_o send_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o it_o be_v because_o the_o great_a man_n general_o burn_v wax-light_n the_o ordinary_a people_n sliver_v of_o fir_n or_o birch_n dip_v in_o fish-oyl_n 5._o hide_v of_o losh_n lozzi_n and_o buff_n of_o which_o be_v buy_v by_o foreign_a merchant_n about_o thirty_o thousand_o per_fw-la ann_n beside_o goat_n and_o other_o skin_n 6._o train-oyl_n of_o seal_n 7._o caviar_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v make_v at_o astracan_a of_o the_o roe_n of_o sturgeon_n and_o belluga_n this_o be_v a_o large_a fish_n twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n long_o without_o scale_n else_o not_o unlike_o a_o sturgeon_n of_o these_o fish_n they_o take_v great_a quantity_n for_o the_o roe_n which_o they_o salt_n and_o press_v and_o put_v up_o into_o cask_n that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o sturgeon_n be_v black_a small_a grain_v and_o waxy_n that_o of_o the_o belluga_n be_v darkish_a gray_a and_o the_o grain_n as_o large_a as_o a_o pepper-corn_n in_o one_o fish_n they_o find_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o weight_n of_o spawn_n this_o fish_n be_v say_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n and_o to_o swallow_v many_o large_a pebble_n of_o a_o incredible_a weight_n to_o ballast_n he_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o river_n increase_v by_o the_o melt_a snow_n and_o when_o the_o water_n be_v assuage_v he_o disgorge_v himself_o this_o spawn_n they_o cleanse_v from_o its_o string_n salt_n it_o drain_v away_o the_o oily_a part_n by_o lay_v it_o on_o 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be_v likewise_o hence_o transport_v they_o have_v also_o divers_a manufacture_n as_o utensil_n of_o wood_n clothes_n saddle_n and_o harness_n for_o horse_n arm_n and_o the_o like_a which_o they_o vend_fw-mi to_o several_a neighbour_a country_n which_o want_v such_o conveniency_n to_o which_o the_o ignorance_n and_o unskilfulfulness_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o lazy_a slothfulness_n of_o the_o gentlemanlike_a polander_n give_v they_o no_o small_a opportunity_n of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o russes_z thus_o much_o of_o the_o soil_n their_o forest_n and_o their_o commodity_n concern_v their_o lake_n we_o shall_v discourse_v when_o we_o come_v to_o their_o river_n it_o follow_v we_o shall_v next_o treat_v of_o their_o government_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n which_o depend_v upon_o it_o the_o chief_a axiom_n in_o their_o politic_n be_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o above_o all_o thing_n they_o shall_v agree_v one_o with_o another_o and_o join_v together_o against_o all_o the_o world_n for_o the_o empire_n be_v very_o large_a and_o expose_v on_o three_o side_n to_o very_o dangerous_a enemy_n tartar_n turk_n polonian_n and_o swede_n their_o country_n also_o not_o be_v well_o people_v the_o fortify_v place_n at_o great_a distance_n they_o have_v no_o security_n but_o a_o strict_a union_n among_o themselves_o which_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o concentre_v in_o absolute_a monarchy_n as_o the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o interest_n or_o rather_o but_o one_o interest_n in_o the_o whole_a the_o prince_n therefore_o for_o his_o part_n comply_v with_o they_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v marry_v rare_o with_o any_o stranger_n suffer_v not_o stranger_n to_o advance_v to_o any_o considerable_a honour_n fill_v all_o the_o place_n of_o trust_n profit_n and_o honour_n with_o his_o russes_z the_o great_a preferment_n a_o foreigner_n can_v expect_v be_v to_o be_v colonel_n of_o a_o regiment_n or_o to_o command_v a_o fort_n or_o army_n and_o this_o but_o seldom_o and_o for_o one_o expedition_n only_o he_o labour_v to_o breed_v in_o his_o people_n a_o admiration_n of_o themselves_o and_o that_o their_o own_o custom_n law_n and_o manner_n be_v better_a and_o more_o rational_a then_o in_o any_o other_o country_n whatsoever_o wherefore_o he_o hinder_v his_o people_n from_o travel_v abroad_o though_o for_o merchandise_n from_o converse_v with_o stranger_n even_a ambassador_n and_o from_o entertain_v any_o foreigner_n except_o for_o trade_n neither_o will_v he_o suffer_v they_o to_o build_v any_o large_a ship_n to_o transport_v merchandise_n in_o quantity_n to_o other_o country_n but_o they_o want_v not_o small_a vessel_n for_o fish_v or_o carry_v good_n from_o one_o of_o their_o own_o port_n to_o another_o nor_o be_v he_o willing_a that_o any_o foreigner_n who_o have_v live_v long_o in_o russia_n shall_v leave_v they_o and_o return_v to_o his_o own_o nation_n nor_o
they_o be_v simbeyska-gora_a arbuchim_n but_o of_o the_o great_a part_n the_o name_n be_v unknown_a the_o river_n adrobe_n enter_v volga_n in_o 53_o deg_fw-la 48_o min._n as_o do_v the_o river_n vssa_fw-mi not_o much_o low_a a_o little_a beyond_o in_o a_o great_a plain_n be_v a_o sandy_a hill_n call_v sariol-kurgan_a which_o they_o say_v be_v the_o burial_n of_o a_o tartar_n emperor_n and_o seven_o king_n there_o slay_v and_o make_v by_o the_o soldier_n carry_v sand_n and_o earth_n in_o their_o helmet_n three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n below_o casan_n be_v samara_n a_o large_a city_n upon_o a_o river_n so_o call_v three_o verst_n from_o the_o bank_n of_o volga_n though_o it_o do_v not_o whole_o join_v with_o the_o great_a stream_n till_o fifteen_o verst_n low_o and_o over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n fall_v in_o also_o the_o river_n ascula_fw-la and_o lisran_n below_o samara_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifteen_o league_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o donski_n cosack_v 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same_o reason_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n below_o saratof_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o volga_n be_v the_o river_n ruslana_n and_o over_o against_o that_o the_o mountain_n of_o vrakufs-karul_a where_o they_o say_v a_o tartarian_a prince_n call_v vrak_fw-mi be_v kill_v by_o the_o cosack_n near_o to_o which_o be_v the_o river_n and_o mountain_n call_v camaschinka_n near_o whereto_o stenko_n radzin_n be_v bear_v the_o river_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o torrent_n of_o iloba_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o don._n the_o cosack_v bring_v over_o land_n their_o boat_n upon_o four_o wheel_n thence_o into_o the_o volga_n where_o they_o exercise_v their_o piracy_n and_o plundering_n the_o river_n bolloclea_n be_v ninety_o verst_n below_o camuschinka_n and_o near_o that_o about_o 48_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n be_v the_o short_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o volga_n and_o don_n which_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n in_o 49_o deg_fw-la 42_o min._n be_v tzaritza_n three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o verst_n from_o soratof_n from_o thence_o to_o astracan_a be_v only_a heath_n and_o barren_a ground_n below_o lie_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinske_a over_o against_o which_o a_o little_a river_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n but_o so_o little_a that_o it_o will_v hardly_o bear_v a_o small_a boat_n massa_n in_o his_o map_n for_o in_o other_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v call_v it_o kamous_a fall_v into_o the_o volga_n near_o to_o this_o place_n also_o be_v begin_v a_o trench_n large_a enough_o to_o convey_v vessel_n from_o don_n to_o the_o volga_n and_o it_o be_v express_v in_o divers_a map_n but_o it_o be_v give_v over_o for_o the_o nagai_n and_o the_o other_o tartar_n fear_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o bring_v the_o turk_n upon_o they_o as_o the_o muscovite_n also_o do_v they_o join_v all_o together_o and_o not_o only_o disturb_v the_o work_n but_o also_o beat_v the_o army_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n consist_v of_o 80000_o together_o with_o 20000_o 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dolgoi_n it_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nagai-tartar_n and_o build_v by_o one_o of_o their_o king_n call_v astra-chan_a it_o lie_v in_o 46_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n and_o the_o needle_n vary_v westward_o 13_o deg_fw-la 40_o min._n other_o say_v that_o it_o lie_v in_o 47_o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n yet_o be_v the_o winter_n which_o last_v but_o two_o month_n so_o cold_a that_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v hard_o enough_o to_o bear_v sleds_o the_o island_n be_v sandy_a and_o barren_a except_o some_o garden_n cultivate_v by_o the_o rich_a citizen_n the_o country_n also_o thereabouts_o be_v marshy_a and_o desert_a yet_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o great_a profit_n by_o their_o salt_n which_o the_o sun_n bake_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n about_o a_o finger_n thick_a the_o inhabitant_n cast_v it_o up_o into_o great_a heap_n and_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o country_n the_o river_n also_o be_v mighty_o store_v with_o fish_n and_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o fowl_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o most_o excellent_a fruit_n and_o particular_o grape_n this_o city_n be_v ann_n 1554_o take_v from_o the_o tartar_n by_o ivan_n vasilowich_n who_o send_v his_o army_n in_o small_a party_n and_o several_a way_n arrive_v at_o the_o town_n before_o he_o be_v expect_v or_o the_o enemy_n provide_v to_o receive_v he_o present_o encourage_v his_o man_n by_o promise_v they_o the_o plunder_v of_o the_o town_n aug._n 1._o he_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n where_o he_o spare_v none_o that_o will_v not_o be_v baptize_v have_v repeopled_n it_o with_o muscovite_n he_o encompass_v it_o with_o a_o stone-wall_n and_o other_o fortification_n michael_n federowitz_n afterward_o add_v another_o part_n to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o at_o present_a be_v 8000_o geometrical_a foot_n defend_v by_o 500_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n nine_o regiment_n each_o contain_n 500_o musqueteer_n two_o weywod_n etc._n etc._n the_o situation_n of_o it_o invite_v merchant_n thither_o from_o all_o part_n even_o from_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o custom_n though_o very_o low_a amount_v to_o 25000_o crown_n per_fw-la ann_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n tartar_n of_o crim_n and_o nagaia_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o live_v in_o the_o city_n as_o neither_o to_o build_v city_n or_o fortify_v to_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o live_v in_o hut_v of_o reed_n or_o cane_n like_v to_o our_o hen-coops_a which_o in_o cold_a weather_n they_o cover_v with_o a_o course_n cloth_n the_o summer_n they_o spend_v in_o ramble_a up_o and_o down_o to_o find_v pasture_n for_o their_o cattle_n in_o winter_n time_n retire_v under_o astracan_a for_o their_o security_n against_o the_o calmuk_n and_o jaick_n tartar_n the_o grand_a tzar_n lend_v they_o arm_n which_o they_o restore_v at_o such_o a_o time_n they_o pay_v no_o tribute_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n which_o they_o do_v very_o willing_o in_o hope_n of_o prey_n they_o have_v their_o own_o prince_n commander_n and_o judge_n but_o some_o of_o their_o chief_a murza_n be_v always_o keep_v as_o hostage_n at_o moskow_n if_o any_o one_o desire_n to_o know_v what_o these_o cosack_v be_v cosack_n of_o the_o cosack_n that_o have_v cause_v all_o this_o noise_n and_o trouble_v in_o the_o world_n though_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o large_o of_o they_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o vkrain_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v here_o some_o general_a account_n of_o they_o author_n differ_v much_o concern_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o name_n some_o say_v that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v from_o cosa_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o goat_n but_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o circassian_n and_o other_o tartar_a language_n cosac_n signify_v a_o soldier_n perhaps_o as_o cimber_n in_o
the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n of_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o themselves_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o burgomaster_n choose_v yearly_a as_o a_o mayor_n in_o our_o city_n out_o of_o they_o who_o during_o his_o government_n have_v the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n you_o have_v gnesna_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a gnisen_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o poland_n gnesna_n gnesna_n build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v from_o the_o polish_v word_n gniasao_n which_o signify_v a_o nest_n because_o in_o this_o place_n lechus_n find_v a_o eagle_n nest_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n bear_v a_o spread_a eagle_n for_o their_o arms._n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o chief_a metropolitan_a archbishop_n in_o the_o whole_a 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two_o year_n bishop_n of_o this_o see_v beautify_v this_o city_n very_o much_o by_o build_v that_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o vladislaw_n instead_o of_o a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n and_o sound_v the_o church_n of_o st._n vital_a the_o martyr_n the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v bresty_n build_v of_o brick_n and_o wood_n interlayd_v the_o other_o town_n of_o note_n be_v nisaw_n a_o wall_a town_n rasienski_n guard_v with_o a_o fair_a castle_n radschow_n seat_v on_o the_o lake_n goplo_n and_o kowale_n upon_o the_o vistula_n cruswick_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n though_o situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o inouladislavia_n cruswick_n cruswick_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n stand_v a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n build_v of_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n in_o the_o adjoin_a island_n stand_v a_o brick_n castle_n build_v by_o popielus_n the_o elder_a who_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o live_v in_o rather_o than_o cracow_n or_o gnesna_n whither_o he_o have_v once_o remove_v his_o court_n as_o be_v of_o too_o timorous_a a_o nature_n to_o trust_v himself_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o russian_n or_o hungarian_n here_o as_o the_o polonian_a chronicle_n report_n papielus_n son_n of_o papielus_n the_o elder_a be_v devour_v by_o mouse_n heaven_n by_o this_o punishment_n revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n who_o his_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n have_v prompt_v he_o to_o poison_v at_o a_o banquet_n cromer_n advance_v the_o story_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n in_o his_o ordinary_a revel_n use_v to_o wish_v himself_o and_o his_o child_n this_o kind_n of_o death_n and_o that_o the_o mouse_n be_v miraculous_o generate_v out_o of_o the_o carcase_n of_o his_o poison_a kindred_n prussia_n accurate_a inscripta_fw-la a_o gasparo_n henneberg_n erlichensi_fw-la nobiliss_n o_o &_o tam_fw-la prosapia_fw-la
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n there_o be_v different_a conjecture_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n the_o most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o mieceslaus_n the_o second_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n not_o endure_v the_o impotent_a and_o effeminate_a government_n of_o his_o survive_a queen_n rixo_n lay_v hand_n upon_o what_o every_o man_n can_v catch_v among_o these_o masos_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o maslaus_n former_o cupbearer_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n sieze_v upon_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o he_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v masovia_n this_o masos_n be_v afterward_o overcome_v by_o casimir_n the_o first_o by_o who_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o masovia_n but_o stanislaus_n serictius_n reject_v in_o part_n this_o story_n derive_v more_o probable_o the_o massovii_n from_o the_o massagetes_n i_o know_v say_v he_o what_o our_o historian_n have_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o massovians_n but_o it_o seem_v incredible_a to_o i_o that_o so_o famous_a and_o courageous_a a_o people_n shall_v stoop_v to_o borrow_v their_o denomination_n from_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n in_o the_o year_n 1220_o lescus_n the_o white_a in_o the_o parliament_n of_o sandomir_n grant_v the_o dukedom_n of_o masovia_n cujavia_n and_o dobrinia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n from_o which_o time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o do_v homage_n however_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o the_o year_n 1495_o but_o then_o the_o race_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n begin_v to_o fail_v for_o that_o year_n john_n duke_n of_o masovia_n die_v a_o bachelor_n upon_o which_o john_n albert_n reunited_a plockzo_n to_o the_o crown_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o masovia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n which_o after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1503_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o child_n upon_o condition_n that_o for_o default_n of_o male_a issue_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v effect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o palatinate_n of_o podlachia_n former_o belong_v to_o masovia_n and_o join_v by_o casimir_n jagellon_n to_o lithuania_n return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a bishop_n in_o masovia_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n plockzo_n and_o luceoria_n the_o metropolis_n of_o masovia_n be_v warsaw_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v warfrawa_n seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n upon_o the_o vistula_n encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n distant_a 40_o german_n or_o 160_o english_a mile_n from_o posen_n and_o cracow_n here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o large_a four_o square_a palace_n build_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o but_o much_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n over_o against_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v passable_a by_o a_o stately_a wooden_a bridge_n sit_v the_o great_a parliament_n of_o poland_n in_o another_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n call_v viasdow_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o and_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n be_v public_a building_n of_o good_a note_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n church_n where_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v by_o secular_a canon_n not_o far_o from_o viasdow_n in_o the_o suburb_n call_v cracow_n stand_v as_o a_o trophy_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o pole_n over_o the_o moscovite_n a_o small_a chapel_n build_v by_o the_o king_n command_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o demetrius_n suiscius_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n who_o die_v a_o captive_a in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostenin_n the_o nobility_n of_o masovia_n which_o be_v more_o numerous_a then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o poland_n be_v reckon_v to_o amount_v to_o near_o forty_o thousand_o whereof_o fifteen_o thousand_o appear_v in_o a_o body_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o be_v all_o roman-catholic_n never_o suffer_v any_o of_o other_o religion_n or_o opinion_n to_o reside_v among_o they_o out_o of_o these_o be_v send_v yearly_a to_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n one_o palatine_n and_o six_o castellanes_n the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n lie_v eastward_o from_o masovia_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n plockzo_n plockzo_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o plockzo_n zavera_n mlava_n and_o srensco_n and_o send_v out_o to_o the_o great_a parliament_n four_z senators_z that_o be_v the_o bishop_n the_o palatine_a and_o castellanes_n of_o plockzo_n radzyagas_n and_o sieprez_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o plockzo_n its_o chief_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n 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martyrdom_n in_o the_o year_n 995._o but_o this_o conjecture_n be_v vain_a and_o precarious_a for_o where_o any_o city_n of_o this_o name_n former_o stand_v or_o its_o ruin_n can_v at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v only_o he_o himself_o can_v tell_v we_o johannes_n annius_n viterbiensis_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pruti_fw-la and_o that_o from_o one_o prutus_n a_o scythian_a king_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v indeed_o allowable_a but_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n we_o can_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o nimble_a this_o author_n and_o his_o feign_a berosus_n be_v at_o counterfeit_v of_o name_n in_o the_o etymology_n of_o country_n other_o of_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o viterbiensis_n bring_v the_o prussian_n out_o of_o asia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prussia_n a_o king_n of_o bythinia_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n prussi_fw-fr or_o prutheni_fw-la corrupt_v
at_o for_o the_o barbarous_a commonalty_n can_v not_o but_o by_o degree_n be_v wean_v from_o their_o ancient_a folly_n beside_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n mind_v the_o enlargement_n of_o their_o own_o power_n and_o dominion_n more_o than_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n of_o insolence_n that_o they_o despise_v the_o canon_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o slight_v the_o pope_n threat_n and_o excommunication_n this_o neglect_n give_v way_n to_o many_o schism_n and_o division_n in_o the_o prussian_a church_n insomuch_o that_o the_o waldenses_n wiclesians_n and_o hussites_n have_v almost_o overrun_v the_o land_n however_o the_o teutonic_n order_n still_o profess_v the_o roman-catholic_a religion_n till_o the_o day_n of_o alhert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n last_o master_n of_o that_o order_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o prussia_n who_o have_v not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bloodshed_n reject_v the_o polish_v 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of_o ducal_z prussia_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o three_o island_n call_v common_o by_o the_o high_a dutch_a die_n werder_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o regal_a prussia_n lie_v in_o the_o three_o island_n between_o elbing_n and_o dantzick_n which_o the_o german_n call_v die_v werder_n which_o signify_v proper_o so_o many_o solid_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o fen_n and_o bog_n the_o first_o and_o least_o of_o these_o dantzick_n dantzick_n be_v der_fw-mi dantzicher_n werder_n or_o island_n of_o dantzick_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n end_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o vistula_n when_o and_o by_o who_o this_o city_n be_v build_v at_o first_o be_v not_o certain_o know_v becanus_n think_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o from_o they_o call_v danswick_n i._n e._n the_o city_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n have_v too_o much_o dutch_a in_o it_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o to_o the_o word_n dan_n codan_n cdan_n or_o gdan_n be_v add_v only_o the_o slavonian_a termination_n scke_o which_o make_v danscke_a or_o gdanscke_n change_v afterward_o into_o dantzig_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o city_n die_v rechte_v stadt_n be_v build_v by_o conrade_n wallenrodt_n master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n about_o the_o year_n 1390._o st._n mary_n church_n in_o dantzick_n be_v the_o stately_a fabric_n in_o prussia_n have_v in_o it_o forty_o eight_o altar_n and_o 3722_o window_n the_o font_n in_o it_o be_v make_v at_o antwerp_n and_o cost_v 24000_o rixdollar_n or_o 5400_o pound_n sterling_n the_o city_n be_v exceed_o populous_a and_o a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o these_o part_n the_o next_o island_n be_v der_fw-mi marienbursche_n werder_n marienburg_n marienburg_n the_o great_a of_o the_o three_o which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o marienburg_n a_o pleasant_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o negate_fw-la the_o castle_n of_o marienburg_n be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1281._o it_o be_v reckon_v the_o strong_a hold_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v and_o by_o the_o preusner_n set_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a fort_n in_o christendom_n according_a to_o their_o hobbel_a verse_n margenburg_n ex_fw-la luto_fw-la offen_n ex_fw-la saxo_n ex_fw-la marmore_fw-la meiland_n and_o faelix_fw-la pidelarus_n have_v give_v this_o bold_a character_n of_o it_o fundamenta_fw-la latent_fw-la domibus_fw-la camerata_fw-la profundis_fw-la firmior_fw-la arctoo_fw-la nulla_fw-la sub_fw-la axe_n iaceo_fw-la magni_fw-la ducatus_n lithvaniae_n caetâ—…rarumque_fw-la regionum_fw-la illi_fw-la adiacentium_fw-la exacta_fw-la descripâ—â—_n 〈…〉_o the_o three_o island_n be_v der_fw-mi elbingscher_fw-fr werder_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o call_v from_o the_o city_n of_o elbing_n seat_v in_o it_o ptolomey_n seem_v to_o place_v his_o aelveones_n and_o tacitus_n his_o helvecones_fw-la near_o this_o place_n whence_o fridericus_n zamelius_n take_v the_o liberty_n to_o call_v this_o city_n augusta_n aelvaeonum_n and_o aelveopolis_n not_o doubt_v but_o it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o these_o ancient_a people_n hennebergerus_n more_o probable_o bring_v the_o name_n from_o oehlsing_n oelfang_n or_o eelfang_n that_o be_v a_o place_n where_o eel_n be_v catch_v but_o conringius_n a_o very_a learned_a professor_n of_o physic_n in_o the_o university_n of_o helmstad_n with_o most_o judgement_n bring_v the_o word_n from_o elff_n which_o be_v a_o common_a name_n give_v by_o the_o goth_n almost_o to_o all_o river_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o goth_n live_v here_o for_o some_o considerable_a while_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a guess_n to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o ptolomey_n aelveones_n or_o tacitus_n helvecones_fw-la elbing_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v build_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n by_o the_o burgher_n of_o lubeck_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n to_o suffer_v it_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o second_o have_v grant_v to_o lubeck_n the_o master_n give_v they_o also_o for_o their_o arm_n which_o the_o city_n still_o bear_v two_o cross_n and_o a_o net_n out_o of_o the_o arm_n of_o lubeck_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o they_o deliver_v their_o law_n libertye_n city_n and_o themselves_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v and_o very_o clean_o there_o be_v in_o it_o great_a store_n of_o english_a who_o trade_n here_o in_o cloth_n though_o their_o number_n have_v of_o late_o be_v something_o abate_v by_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n to_o dantzig_n the_o country_n rustic_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o elbing_n have_v as_o well_o build_v house_n and_o as_o rich_a clothes_n as_o most_o nobleman_n in_o pomeren_n and_o you_o can_v scarce_o here_o discern_v a_o boar_n from_o a_o burger_n by_o his_o habit_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v a_o level_n champagn_a country_n like_o holland_n and_o as_o fruitful_a too_o and_o well_o people_v as_o any_o part_n of_o that_o province_n amsterdam_n except_v prussia_n regius_fw-la the_o other_o part_n of_o prussia_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o follow_a city_n all_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n 1._o dersavia_n or_o dirschau_n call_v former_o zuder-sau_a because_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a river_n of_o that_o name_n which_o run_v into_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1209_o burn_v 1433_o and_o utter_o destroy_v 1577._o so_o that_o now_o there_o be_v little_a of_o it_o to_o be_v find_v but_o ruin_n 2._o marienwerder_n or_o the_o city_n of_o st._n mary_n in_o the_o island_n be_v build_v by_o burehard_n burgrave_n of_o magdeburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1233_o who_o fence_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n this_o city_n have_v be_v often_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n whence_o command_v all_o the_o ship_n that_o come_v up_o and_o down_o the_o vistula_n they_o can_v easy_o spoil_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o poland_n 3._o culm_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a city_n give_v name_n to_o that_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o from_o it_o be_v call_v culmigeria_n or_o the_o land_n of_o culm_n most_o of_o the_o prussian_a writer_n will_v have_v culmigeria_n to_o fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o hulmigeri_fw-la ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o it_o be_v as_o probable_a the_o hulmigeri_fw-la may_v have_v their_o name_n frâ—â—_n holm_n easy_o turn_v according_a to_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o northern_a language_n into_o culm_n which_o signify_v a_o piece_n of_o firm_a ground_n among_o bog_n such_o as_o culm_n be_v at_o this_o day_n seat_v upon_o the_o city_n be_v build_v or_o rebuilt_a rather_o by_o herman_n de_fw-fr balk_v first_o provincial_a of_o prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1232._o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v
shall_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o interrex_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o every_o such_o election_n the_o lithuanian_a and_o polish_v nobility_n shall_v have_v equal_a power_n in_o give_v of_o voice_n that_o whoever_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n of_o both_o nation_n shall_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v pronounce_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v always_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o turn_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o moscovite_n make_v many_o and_o terrible_a incursion_n into_o lithuania_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o success_n that_o a._n d._n 1655_o he_o take_v vilna_n this_o hold_v he_o keep_v till_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o oppress_v he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n drive_v he_o out_o and_o make_v he_o retreat_n as_o far_o as_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n however_o the_o war_n cease_v not_o till_o in_o january_n 1667_o a_o truce_n for_o thirteen_o year_n be_v agree_v on_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o polockz_n vitepski_n duneburg_n and_o the_o hither_o liefland_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o polander_n provide_v that_o nevel_n vieliss_n and_o sebisch_n be_v except_v from_o the_o palatinate_v of_o polockz_n and_o vitepski_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v retain_v smolensko_n sevir_n and_o all_o the_o vkrain_n beyond_o boristhenes_n that_o kiow_n after_o two_o year_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n soil_n soil_n which_o yield_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n and_o fish_n the_o forest_n also_o afford_v they_o great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o pitch_n the_o land_n be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a but_o the_o extreme_a cold_a too_o often_o spoil_v their_o 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of_o such_o inequality_n of_o temper_n proceed_v from_o the_o unreasonable_a slavery_n that_o landlord_n force_v their_o tenant_n to_o undergo_v if_o you_o have_v but_o a_o good_a train_n of_o attendance_n you_o may_v uncontrolable_o plunder_v any_o peasant_n house_n in_o the_o land_n and_o if_o you_o please_v give_v he_o a_o kick_n into_o the_o bargain_n he_o dare_v not_o open_a his_o mouth_n except_o to_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o give_v over_o when_o you_o be_v weary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o if_o he_o spare_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o monday_n they_o must_v work_v on_o sunday_n for_o themselves_o if_o any_o ask_v they_o a_o reason_n why_o they_o labour_v that_o day_n they_o will_v ready_o reply_v ought_v we_o not_o to_o eat_v on_o sunday_n as_o well_o as_o other_o day_n in_o their_o war_n with_o poland_n they_o give_v a_o sad_a testimony_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o usual_a attendant_n of_o a_o low_a spirit_n by_o deny_v quarter_n to_o all_o captive_n rip_v up_o woman_n with_o child_n murder_v of_o infant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o regardless_o of_o oath_n and_o promise_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n the_o rustic_n eat_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o ear_n of_o wheat_n not_o winnow_v nor_o thresh_v this_o they_o call_v duonos_n a_o gift_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v bread_n bozydar_n and_o the_o german_n gottes-gab_a the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o not_o proverb_n be_v more_o ordinary_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lithvanians_n then_o dieva_n dave_v dantes_fw-la dosi_fw-la duonos_fw-la i_o e._n god_n that_o give_v tooth_n will_v give_v bread_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o diet_n be_v flesh_n herb_n and_o root_n of_o which_o they_o have_v plenty_n the_o most_o general_a drink_n of_o the_o 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they_o have_v many_o polish_v word_n though_o these_o two_o language_n be_v not_o original_o the_o same_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v as_o common_a here_o as_o in_o poland_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o meet_v a_o lithvanian_a from_o a_o duke_n to_o a_o ploughman_n that_o can_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n in_o that_o language_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o greek_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o write_v for_o they_o call_v letter_n goomata_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unless_o perhaps_o they_o have_v they_o more_o immediate_o from_o the_o russian_n who_o use_v the_o same_o word_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v more_o besot_v with_o idolatry_n than_o lithvania_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o false_a god_n they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n greek_n roman_n and_o indian_n be_v great_a worshipper_n of_o serpent_n and_o many_o of_o they_o continue_v so_o till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n of_o which_o signismund_n baron_n of_o herberstein_n in_o comment_n rer_n muscovit_fw-la p._n 84_o tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n return_v say_v he_o late_o from_o masovia_n at_o troki_n a_o small_a town_n about_o eight_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n my_o host_n acquaint_v i_o that_o that_o year_n he_o have_v chance_v to_o buy_v a_o hive_n of_o bee_n of_o one_o of_o these_o serpent-worshipper_n who_o he_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v persuade_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o to_o kill_v his_o adder_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v that_o way_n he_o find_v the_o poor_a fellow_n miserable_o torture_v and_o deform_v his_o face_n wrinkle_v his_o mouth_n awry_o etc._n etc._n demand_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o misery_n he_o receive_v this_o answer_n from_o he_o that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o he_o for_o kill_v his_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o suffer_v heavy_a torment_n if_o he_o do_v not_o return_v to_o his_o former_a worship_n nay_o to_o this_o day_n here_o be_v too_o great_a footstep_n of_o this_o idolatry_n for_o in_o many_o village_n both_o in_o lithvania_n and_o prussia_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o poor_a boar_n that_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o though_o profess_a christian_n pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a superstitious_a respect_n and_o fancy_v some_o great_a misfortune_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o laria_n take_v any_o harm_n beside_o the_o ancient_a lithvanians_n have_v a_o idol_n call_v by_o they_o percune_n to_o who_o they_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n burn_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n and_o diligence_n as_o ever_o the_o vestal_a fire_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n for_o if_o the_o waidelot_n or_o priest_n that_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o altar_n shall_v happen_v to_o let_v the_o fire_n out_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v for_o it_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o remembrance_n of_o kiern_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n near_o dziewaltow_n these_o
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o other_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o round_o the_o wall_n in_o a_o confuse_a and_o disorderly_a manner_n every_o man_n place_v his_o house_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wooden_a booth_n where_o he_o please_v the_o citizen_n be_v exceed_o poor_a and_o idle_a slave_n to_o their_o noble_n and_o their_o belly_n they_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o great_a lover_n of_o onion_n and_o garlic_n which_o kind_n of_o diet_n help_v by_o their_o smoky_a house_n blind_v half_o of_o they_o before_o they_o arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a age_n their_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v breed_v continual_a quarrel_n among_o they_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v kill_v in_o any_o such_o broil_n the_o murderer_n pay_v only_o sixteen_o dollar_n as_o a_o mulct_n if_o a_o lithvanian_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a corpse_n embalm_v till_o they_o can_v apprehend_v the_o fugitive_n who_o they_o can_v condemn_v without_o show_v he_o the_o carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o some_o part_n of_o prussia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v continual_o overflow_v with_o river_n and_o lake_n unpassable_a but_o in_o a_o frost_n the_o rest_n of_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o honey_n pure_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o lithvania_n or_o liefland_n the_o inhabitant_n differ_v little_a from_o the_o lithvanians_n either_o in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n they_o be_v sottish_o ignorant_a gross_o superstitious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o use_v no_o plough_n in_o till_v their_o ground_n but_o dig_v it_o up_o with_o spade_n or_o stick_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n when_o one_o of_o their_o governor_n have_v observe_v how_o far_o his_o countryman_n be_v outdo_v in_o their_o husbandry_n by_o other_o nation_n endeavour_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o art_n of_o plough_v it_o chance_v that_o for_o two_o year_n after_o their_o crop_n be_v not_o so_o rich_a as_o former_o it_o have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
and_o charles_n ix_o who_o the_o swede_n have_v set_v up_o king_n in_o his_o place_n these_o gustavus_n adolphus_n continue_v and_o in_o they_o overrun_v almost_o all_o liefland_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1629_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o six_o year_n upon_o these_o term_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o he_o have_v win_v this_o truce_n be_v again_o renew_v for_o 26_o year_n more_o a.d._n 1635._o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o whilst_o a_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n be_v lay_v waist_n by_o the_o moscovite_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n before_o the_o 26_o year_n be_v expire_v proclaim_a war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n allege_v among_o other_o thing_n as_o a_o reason_n for_o his_o proceed_n that_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n at_o stockholm_n have_v protest_v against_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n at_o the_o beginning_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n go_v much_o on_o his_o side_n but_o within_o a_o short_a while_o the_o dane_n make_v incursion_n into_o sweden_n force_v he_o to_o quit_v poland_n and_o be_v more_o concern_v to_o defend_v what_o he_o have_v at_o home_n then_o to_o seek_v for_o new_a conquest_n abroad_o however_o the_o war_n still_o continue_v till_o a.d._n 1660._o when_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n peace_n be_v establish_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n at_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n of_o which_o these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o article_n that_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o principality_n of_o finland_n that_o he_o shall_v only_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o his_o life_n but_o not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o swedish_n king_n that_o he_o shall_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_v that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n duna_n and_o disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o esten_n and_o oesel_n and_o whatever_o on_o this_o side_n the_o duna_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n during_o the_o truce_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v still_o keep_v the_o southern_a liefland_n in_o which_o be_v reckon_v duneburg_n rositen_n luzen_n marienhusen_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v long_o subject_a to_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n until_o about_o the_o year_n 1158_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o lubeck_n who_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o build_v a_o small_a chapel_n in_o a_o island_n upon_o the_o duna_n thence_o call_v kircholm_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a worship_n afterward_o menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o liefland_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o send_v over_o by_o the_o merchant_n to_o propagate_v christianity_n in_o these_o part_n his_o seat_n be_v at_o vxkel_n a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o duna_n not_o far_o from_o riga_n bertholdus_n a_o monk_n of_o bremen_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n paul_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o bishopric_n he_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o riga_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o see_n but_o live_v not_o long_o to_o enjoy_v it_o there_o for_o endeavour_v to_o promote_v christianity_n more_o by_o the_o sword_n than_o spirit_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o pagan_n albertus_n bertholdus_n immediate_a successor_n fortify_v riga_n and_o make_v it_o a_o city_n that_o do_v he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1204_o hope_v thereby_o to_o be_v better_a able_a than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v to_o oppose_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o heathen_a not_o long_o after_o when_o this_o order_n be_v change_v into_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o society_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o prussia_n the_o master_n of_o which_o have_v power_n give_v he_o to_o appoint_v a_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o prussian_a bishop_n of_o culm_n pomesen_n and_o sambland_n do_v though_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o riga_n make_v he_o a_o archbishop_n and_o themselves_o his_o suffragans_fw-la only_o the_o bishop_n of_o warm_a as_o have_v never_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n will_v not_o yield_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o member_n of_o the_o province_n of_o riga_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o liefland_n continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1513_o william_n plettenberg_n the_o xli_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n buy_v off_o all_o homage_n to_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n and_o be_v himself_o make_v absolute_a prince_n of_o liefland_n his_o successor_n live_v and_o enjoy_v their_o dominion_n in_o peace_n till_o the_o day_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n but_o afterward_o what_o with_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a war_n and_o the_o continual_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n polander_n swede_n and_o dane_n the_o country_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a medley_n of_o man_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n those_o part_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n do_v general_o profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n most_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n adhere_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o some_o be_v lutheran_n in_o some_o part_n of_o esten_n the_o poor_a ignorant_a rustic_n be_v half_a pagan_n liefland_n be_v former_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n only_o let_v and_o esten_n to_o which_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sword_n bearer_n add_v curland_n some_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o six_o part_n curland_n semigal_n esten_n let_v harland_n and_o virland_n but_o semigal_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o harland_n and_o virland_n part_n of_o esten_n of_o these_o curland_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o nevertheless_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o part_n also_o of_o let_v which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o south_n liefland_n be_v since_o the_o treaty_n at_o oliva_n in_o that_o king_n possession_n the_o curoni_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o curland_n and_o semigal_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o caryones_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o windaw_n a_o small_a village_n which_o still_o bear_v their_o memory_n in_o its_o name_n be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o this_o day_n call_v curon_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o it_o be_v 1._o mitaw_fw-mi the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mauss_n take_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o but_o restore_v a.d._n 1629._o the_o town_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a but_o the_o castle_n magnificent_o rebuilt_a by_o some_o of_o the_o late_a duke_n 2._o windaw_n or_o winden_n as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o though_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o kies_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n windaw_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n here_o former_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o provincial_n of_o liefland_n afterward_o the_o general_a parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o curland_n have_v their_o session_n in_o this_o city_n which_o make_v it_o exceed_o populous_a at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v little_a appearance_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n nor_o be_v it_o frequent_v by_o any_o but_o a_o few_o dutch_a merchant_n who_o be_v here_o lade_v with_o tar_n pitch_n and_o wax_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n very_o ordinary_a among_o the_o historian_n that_o write_v of_o this_o country_n to_o confound_v this_o city_n with_o wenden_n in_o let_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o too_o be_v call_v by_o the_o polander_v kies_n and_o the_o old_a dutch_a sea-cart_n mention_v a_o kind_n of_o castle_n with_o three_o tower_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o windaw_n but_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o of_o any_o sea-port-town_n in_o this_o place_n 3._o pilten_a or_o piltyn_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o curland_n build_v by_o waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n a.d._n 1219._o the_o southern_a or_o polish_v liefland_n contain_v only_o a_o few_o small_a town_n or_o village_n among_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o but_o duneburg_n a_o castle_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n volhinia_n podolia_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o polish_v dominion_n reach_v former_o a_o considerable_a
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
norwegian_a and_o muscovitic_a lap_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n and_o extract_v be_v say_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o race_n of_o the_o finlander_n and_o samoieds_n original_a the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o original_a as_o may_v probable_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o likeness_n of_o their_o custom_n language_n and_o manner_n of_o worship_n and_o also_o from_o the_o very_a name_n of_o laplander_n i_o e._n banish_a man_n or_o runnagado_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o finland_n once_o by_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o extend_v their_o dominion_n as_o far_o as_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o swede_n and_o because_o such_o desert_v of_o their_o country_n be_v think_v a_o disgrace_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n none_o of_o the_o laplander_n of_o any_o quality_n to_o this_o day_n will_v endure_v to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n but_o give_v themselves_o some_o other_o compellation_n as_o sabmienladti_n sameednan_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o opinion_n that_o they_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o finlander_n or_o rather_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o those_o description_n ancient_a geographer_n give_v of_o finland_n and_o the_o finlandish_a people_n agree_v exact_o to_o the_o modern_a lapland_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n saxo_n say_v that_o the_o finlander_n be_v the_o far_a people_n towards_o the_o north_n live_v in_o a_o clime_n almost_o unhabitable_a good_a archer_n and_o hunter_n night-wanderer_n and_o of_o a_o uncertain_a habitation_n wheresoever_o they_o kill_v a_o beast_n make_v that_o their_o mansion_n and_o they_o slide_v upon_o the_o snow_n in_o broad_a wooden_a shoe_n all_o which_o hold_v true_a of_o the_o laplander_n as_o also_o do_v those_o description_n of_o finland_n set_v down_o by_o tacitus_n and_o jo._n magnus_n beside_o all_o this_o the_o norwegian_n and_o dane_n call_v the_o laplander_n finni_n or_o finlander_n in_o general_a and_o divide_v the_o whole_a nation_n into_o sioefinnar_n i._n e._n maritime_a finlanders_n and_o lappesinnar_n the_o same_o with_o the_o laplander_n the_o russes_z also_o call_v they_o kajienski_n as_o come_v from_o cajania_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n and_o as_o we_o may_v hence_o probable_o conclude_v the_o laplander_n at_o first_o to_o have_v come_v out_o of_o finland_n so_o we_o may_v believe_v that_o the_o finlander_n more_o than_o once_o march_v out_o into_o lapland_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o several_a name_n of_o their_o leader_n who_o some_o call_v thinns-rogre_a other_o mieschogiesche_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a transmigration_n be_v that_o of_o the_o biarmi_n who_o some_o miscall_v seridfinni_n so_o call_v from_o their_o go_v to_o dwell_v upon_o the_o mountain_n varama_n signify_v in_o their_o language_n a_o hilly_a country_n which_o people_n be_v by_o harald_n harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n almost_o all_o destroy_v in_o battle_n and_o the_o nation_n so_o scatter_v that_o for_o ever_o after_o both_o the_o name_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o biarmi_n be_v quite_o abolish_v and_o forget_v the_o second_o time_n of_o their_o desert_v their_o country_n be_v when_o the_o russian_n enlarge_v their_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n which_o be_v about_o the_o six_o age_n after_o christ_n for_o fear_v the_o cruelty_n of_o these_o people_n they_o retire_v into_o lapland_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o russian_n kajienski_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a to_o confirm_v what_o have_v be_v say_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o insert_v here_o a_o testimony_n great_a than_o all_o exception_n that_o be_v of_o the_o worthy_a of_o all_o prince_n aelfr_v the_o great_a who_o have_v himself_o represent_v orosius_n or_o a_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o historian_n in_o his_o own_o saxon_a language_n so_o as_o to_o add_v supply_n where_o he_o be_v defective_a give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o northern_a shore_n out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o norwegian_a nobleman_n employ_v by_o himself_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o country_n the_o testimony_n be_v more_o authentic_a than_o any_o one_o that_o have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_n so_o long_o ago_o we_o shall_v here_o set_v it_o down_o almost_o verbatim_o otherus_n say_v to_o his_o lord_n aelfred_n that_o himself_o live_v in_o the_o very_o northerly_a part_n of_o norway_n in_o the_o country_n call_v halgoland_n that_o northwards_o of_o this_o country_n be_v desert_n except_o some_o few_o place_n wherein_o a_o few_o finns_n live_v in_o winter_n upon_o hunt_v and_o in_o summer_n upon_o fish_v that_o have_v sail_v northward_o and_o easterly_a with_o a_o good_a gale_n for_o seven_o day_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o great_a river_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n whereof_o be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o ferfinni_n which_o be_v thin_o inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o fowler_n fisher_n and_o hunter_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v the_o biarmi_n a_o populous_a nation_n so_o that_o he_o dare_v not_o land_n among_o they_o that_o they_o discourse_v with_o he_o many_o thing_n concern_v their_o country_n whether_o true_a or_o false_a he_o know_v not_o but_o suppose_v that_o they_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o finni_n that_o near_o this_o country_n be_v the_o great_a fish_n for_o whale_n and_o sea-horse_n which_o we_o call_v morse_n who_o tooth_n be_v then_o account_v of_o great_a value_n but_o there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v another_o more_o general_a migration_n of_o these_o finns_n into_o lapland_n about_o the_o year_n 1150_o and_o till_o this_o time_n we_o never_o find_v they_o call_v lappi_n or_o loppi_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v about_o that_o time_n ericus_n sanctus_n king_n of_o sweden_n subdue_v the_o finlander_n and_o bring_v they_o under_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o also_o plant_v among_o they_o the_o christian_a religion_n whereupon_o they_o be_v subject_v to_o stranger_n and_o force_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o ancestor_n many_o of_o they_o retire_v from_o their_o own_o country_n and_o seek_v out_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v live_v more_o free_a and_o according_a to_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o those_o that_o stay_v and_o submit_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n look_v upon_o the_o departer_n as_o deserter_n of_o their_o country_n who_o fear_n of_o a_o good_a government_n and_o better_a religion_n have_v make_v exile_n especial_o when_o the_o king_n have_v put_v forth_o a_o edict_n that_o all_o shall_v be_v account_v banish_v that_o will_v not_o renounce_v pagan_a superstition_n be_v thus_o force_v out_o of_o their_o native_a country_n firâ—_n their_o 〈◊〉_d mannâ—â—_n of_o liviâ—â—_n at_o firâ—_n they_o live_v for_o a_o age_n or_o more_o upon_o the_o bothnic_a coast_n and_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o tavastia_n as_o a_o straggle_a and_o miserable_a people_n neither_o have_v law_n nor_o governor_n till_o the_o year_n 1272_o at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v make_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n under_o magn._n ladulaos_n than_o king_n who_o to_o bring_v they_o under_o his_o subjection_n promise_v any_o one_o that_o can_v effect_v it_o the_o government_n of_o they_o which_o the_o birkarli_n i._n e._n those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o allotment_n or_o division_n of_o birkala_n undertake_v and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a while_n cunning_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o their_o conversation_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n at_o last_o set_v upon_o they_o unaware_o and_o quite_o subdue_v they_o and_o for_o their_o pain_n according_a to_o ladulaos_n promise_n they_o alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o traffic_v with_o they_o and_o receive_v tribute_n from_o they_o which_o they_o constant_o do_v till_o about_o ann._n 1554_o when_o they_o be_v entire_o unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o in_o 1600_o better_a discover_v and_o more_o certain_o know_v to_o the_o swede_n then_o former_o they_o have_v be_v and_o this_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o care_n of_o charles_n the_o nine_o then_o king_n who_o send_v two_o famous_a mathematician_n m._n aron_n forsius_n a_o swedish_n professor_n and_o hieron_n birckholten_a a_o german_n with_o instrument_n and_o all_o necessary_n to_o make_v what_o discovery_n they_o can_v of_o this_o lapland_n this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—emâ—â—_n the_o 〈…〉_o the_o 〈◊〉_d lie_v under_o divers_a clime_n have_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o likewise_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n very_o different_a in_o those_o part_n that_o be_v most_o northerly_a and_o within_o the_o artickcircle_n the_o air_n be_v extreme_a cold_a and_o the_o ground_n barren_a but_o without_o the_o circle_n the_o heaven_n be_v somewhat_o more_o mild_a and_o benign_a and_o the_o earth_n more_o liberal_a in_o her_o production_n afford_v in_o those_o place_n near_o bothnia_n some_o few_o sort_n of_o potherb_n as_o colewort_n raperoot_n parsnip_n etc._n
appeal_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n who_o may_v pardon_v the_o crime_n or_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n as_o he_o please_v under_o this_o for_o dispatch_v of_o business_n be_v two_o other_o court_n one_o for_o civil_a and_o one_o for_o criminal_a matter_n of_o inferior_a concernment_n 2._o the_o court_n marshal_n in_o which_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o war_n be_v decide_v the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o army_n be_v always_o precedent_n have_v two_o assessor_n senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o public_a officer_n all_o man_n of_o the_o sword_n with_o the_o master_n of_o the_o camp_n master_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o captain_n general_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n 3._o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o case_n civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o here_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n preside_v with_o four_o senator_n assessor_n and_o the_o two_o secretary_n of_o state_n here_o all_o mandate_n edict_n commission_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v in_o the_o king_n name_n all_o decree_n of_o senate_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n register_v and_o in_o a_o word_n cognizance_n take_v of_o all_o complaint_n and_o case_n betwixt_o one_o subject_a and_o another_o whether_o relate_v to_o the_o church_n or_o state_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o by_o appeal_n from_o some_o inferior_a court_n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o inspection_n and_o determine_v all_o business_n relate_v to_o the_o navy_n or_o sea_n affair_n here_o the_o high_a admiral_n preside_v four_o senator_n four_o vice_n admiral_n and_o several_a captain_n assessor_n 5._o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n in_o which_o all_o business_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n revenue_n or_o wherein_o the_o crown_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v here_o the_o grand_a treasurer_n be_v judge_n who_o have_v four_o assessor_n two_o senator_n and_o two_o nobleman_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o inferior_a tribunal_n tribunal_n inferior_a tribunal_n institute_v at_o first_o by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o and_o 1615_o in_o some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1._o at_o stockholme_n where_o the_o drotset_a preside_v with_o sixteen_o assessor_n four_o senator_n six_o knight_n and_o six_o lawyer_n 2._o at_o junecopia_n in_o gothland_n where_o the_o precedent_n be_v a_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n six_o noble_n and_o as_o many_o lawyer_n assessor_n 3._o at_o aboa_n in_o finland_n where_o a_o senator_n be_v precedent_n six_o noble_n and_o six_o lawyer_n assessor_n 4._o at_o dorpat_o in_o livonia_n a_o senator_n precedent_n and_o twelve_o assessor_n two_o other_o also_o be_v by_o he_o appoint_v one_o at_o wismar_n in_o pomeren_n and_o another_o at_o rugen_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o breme_n but_o all_o proceed_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o this_o crown_n and_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v quite_o stop_v and_o the_o four_o former_a at_o present_a only_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o city_n of_o lesser_a note_n justice_n be_v execute_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o first_o hear_n be_v before_o a_o inferior_a magistrate_n call_v cammene_n rat_n the_o second_o before_o the_o consul_n and_o senate_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v always_o four_o in_o number_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a charge_n the_o three_o if_o the_o case_n be_v of_o importance_n before_o one_o of_o the_o supreme_a tribunal_n where_o upon_o the_o first_o hear_n the_o judge_n or_o precedent_n of_o the_o court_n be_v bind_v to_o determine_v the_o case_n or_o else_o to_o give_v under_o his_o hand_n that_o it_o be_v very_o intricate_a and_o require_v long_a time_n or_o a_o high_a court_n for_o its_o determination_n or_o else_o he_o with_o the_o twelve_o assessor_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v each_o three_o mark_n apiece_o over_o and_o above_o all_o these_o court_n kingdom_n the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o compound_v of_o they_o all_o be_v the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n hold_v ancient_o only_a for_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n but_o at_o present_a make_v up_o of_o more_o member_n and_o summon_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o parliament_n in_o england_n in_o it_o there_o be_v two_o person_n elect_v out_o of_o every_o consistory_n and_o one_o rector_n of_o a_o country_n parish_n out_o of_o every_o district_n one_o colonel_n with_o other_o lieutenant_n and_o major_n out_o of_o every_o city_n one_o consul_n one_o senator_n or_o some_o other_o principal_a citizen_n and_o out_o of_o every_o territory_n one_o inhabitant_n every_o different_a order_n of_o these_o have_v a_o distinct_a house_n to_o sit_v in_o and_o for_o every_o house_n a_o chairman_n or_o speaker_n for_o the_o nobility_n the_o grand_a marshal_n for_o the_o clergy_n the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o burgess_n of_o city_n one_o of_o the_o consul_n of_o stockholme_n or_o the_o master_n of_o the_o artillery_n and_o for_o those_o of_o the_o country_n some_o one_o elect_a out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n when_o they_o have_v finish_v their_o deliberation_n several_o they_o confer_v all_o the_o house_n together_o and_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o form_n present_v their_o resolve_n to_o the_o king_n if_o he_o be_v please_v with_o they_o and_o think_v fit_a to_o pass_v they_o into_o act_n he_o with_o the_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v they_o the_o record_n of_o which_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o state_n a_o officer_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n put_v into_o the_o chancery_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v and_o then_o quit_v his_o charge_n and_o his_o staff_n the_o mark_n of_o his_o dignity_n the_o law_n use_v in_o sweden_n law_n the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-gothia_a be_v very_o ancient_a every_o province_n have_v former_o have_v say_v loccenius_n particular_a constitution_n by_o which_o it_o be_v govern_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n use_v to_o plead_v their_o own_o cause_n or_o to_o give_v the_o management_n of_o they_o to_o some_o of_o their_o kindred_n never_o take_v the_o assistance_n of_o any_o advocate_n or_o proctor_n contrary_a to_o their_o present_a practice_n in_o case_n dubious_a it_o be_v in_o use_n here_o as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n to_o refer_v the_o determination_n of_o they_o to_o the_o trial_n either_o of_o fire_n ordeal_o sufficient_o know_v to_o most_o man_n use_v at_o first_o in_o this_o country_n by_o olaus_n scotkonung_n about_o the_o year_n 986_o and_o quite_o abrogate_a by_o bergerus_n jerl_v about_o 300_o year_n ago_o or_o of_o scald_a water_n or_o of_o bring_v the_o suspect_a person_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n to_o the_o dead_a body_n which_o if_o upon_o his_o approach_n begin_v to_o bleed_v they_o judge_v he_o to_o be_v the_o murderer_n or_o of_o duel_n call_v wehide_n i._n e._n consecration_n this_o manner_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o allow_v say_v some_o by_o frotho_n king_n of_o denmarck_n whence_o be_v bring_v into_o sweden_n and_o for_o sometime_o prevail_v it_o be_v first_o of_o all_o by_o gustavus_n the_o great_a under_o great_a penalty_n forbid_v but_o not_o absolute_o extirpate_v till_o the_o time_n of_o this_o present_a king_n a._n 1662._o when_o its_o punishment_n be_v make_v arbitrary_a at_o present_v if_o a_o legifer_fw-la be_v to_o be_v elect_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o bishop_n who_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o the_o court_n eight_o week_n before_o the_o electionday_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o territory_n who_o return_n three_o sufficient_a person_n to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o choose_v one_o of_o they_o if_o a_o precedent_n the_o legifer_fw-la and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o district_n choose_v he_o who_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o administer_v justice_n impartial_o among_o they_o and_o can_v be_v judge_n in_o one_o only_a district_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o a_o plaintiff_n commence_v a_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n he_o with_o two_o able_a housekeeper_n go_v to_o his_o house_n and_o summons_n he_o to_o the_o court_n if_o he_o appear_v the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o court_n day_n it_o be_v well_o if_o not_o he_o lose_v the_o action_n and_o distress_n be_v make_v upon_o his_o good_n in_o case_n of_o murder_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n punishable_a by_o death_n if_o the_o guilty_a person_n fly_v bud_n kaffla_fw-mi or_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v send_v out_o after_o they_o which_o be_v to_o go_v through_o the_o whole_a precinct_n and_o to_o be_v continue_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o staff_n the_o sign_n of_o authority_n a_o woman_n convict_v of_o adultery_n by_o six_o witness_n lose_v her_o dowry_n her_o estate_n and_o if_o her_o husband_n please_v her_o life_n too_o
government_n friderick_n the_o second_o order_v one_o superintendent_n to_o preside_v here_o and_o subject_v all_o the_o church_n and_o parish_n about_o a_o hundred_o in_o all_o to_o his_o jurisdiction_n which_o authority_n be_v short_o after_o lose_v and_o by_o christian_a the_o four_o again_o restore_v upon_o the_o decay_a of_o wineta_n and_o julinum_n mart-town_n in_o pomerania_n this_o city_n become_v famous_a for_o trade_n and_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o whole_a north._n in_o this_o city_n hydrographical_a table_n and_o seaman_n card_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v first_o print_v and_o perfect_v and_o rule_v for_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n for_o the_o whole_a ocean_n as_o far_o as_o the_o scythian_a sea_n and_o hercules_n his_o pillar_n here_o prescribe_v and_o by_o seaman_n observe_v in_o it_o be_v ancient_o ten_o church_n and_o four_o monastery_n at_o present_a only_o seven_o church_n in_o all_o near_o this_o place_n be_v several_a large_a rock_n with_o gothic_a epitaph_n and_o inscription_n of_o which_o see_v pontanus_n this_o city_n be_v former_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v besiege_v by_o ericus_n king_n of_o swedland_n denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o after_o much_o loss_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n on_o both_o side_n the_o difference_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o order_v that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n their_o title_n both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o the_o island_n and_o he_o in_o consideration_n of_o it_o to_o pay_v they_o in_o hand_n a_o 1000_o english_a noble_n after_o king_n ericus_n death_n it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n sometime_o of_o the_o dane_n see_v more_o among_o the_o swedish_n island_n that_o this_o country_n be_v first_o of_o all_o inhabit_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o from_o they_o receive_v its_o name_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o most_o author_n but_o whence_o they_o come_v hither_o under_o who_o conduct_n or_o in_o what_o age_n of_o the_o world_n be_v very_o much_o controvert_v that_o they_o come_v out_o of_o scythia_n europa_n over_o the_o venedic_n bay_n under_o magog_n and_o from_o he_o be_v call_v magogae_fw-la gothi_n or_o getae_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o jo._n magnus_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n his_o brother_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o vpsal_n though_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v no_o motive_n for_o it_o other_o than_o the_o affinity_n of_o name_n not_o be_v able_a at_o such_o great_a distance_n of_o time_n to_o have_v any_o certain_a authority_n of_o historian_n other_o author_n and_o those_o of_o very_a good_a account_n affirm_v the_o goth_n or_o getes_n at_o first_o to_o have_v be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o messagetae_n who_o inhabit_v scythia_n europaea_n in_o those_o part_n near_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n or_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o thence_o to_o have_v come_v into_o scandia_n there_o to_o have_v settle_v and_o send_v 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become_v to_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a empire_n more_o know_v and_o more_o considerable_a than_o any_o other_o enemy_n with_o which_o they_o have_v to_o deal_v at_o what_o time_n their_o first_o emigration_n out_o of_o gothia_n be_v gothia_n their_o emigration_n out_o of_o gothia_n crantius_n and_o jornandes_n be_v very_o positive_a it_o be_v say_v they_o a._n m._n 3790_o the_o whole_a colony_n be_v embark_v in_o three_o vessel_n too_o small_a a_o number_n to_o contain_v the_o seed_n of_o so_o potent_a a_o nation_n have_v not_o several_a other_o people_n as_o the_o vandali_n suevi_n heruli_n etc._n etc._n join_v with_o they_o and_o make_v they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n very_o potent_a the_o first_o place_n they_o touch_v at_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o gothland_n not_o improbable_o so_o call_v from_o they_o thence_o they_o come_v to_o rugen_n and_o so_o on_o to_o pomeren_n where_o two_o of_o their_o ship_n arrive_v before_o their_o fellow_n those_o that_o come_v first_o to_o harbour_v call_v the_o other_o when_o they_o come_v up_o to_o they_o by_o way_n of_o reproach_n gepantae_n or_o gepidae_n i.e._n slow_a or_o slothful_a who_o as_o not_o fit_a for_o their_o company_n and_o design_n they_o leave_v in_o those_o part_n and_o join_v themselves_o with_o other_o nation_n advance_v on_o by_o land_n as_o far_o as_o poland_n and_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n where_o they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o company_n 1._o those_o that_o go_v towards_o the_o east_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o oriental_a 2._o those_o that_o march_v into_o transilvania_n and_o place_n near_o germany_n spain_n etc._n etc._n call_v the_o occidental_a goth_n which_o branch_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 450_o possess_v almost_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n this_o division_n to_o be_v make_v first_o of_o all_o after_o their_o emigration_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n loccenius_n with_o some_o other_o swedish_n writer_n can_v allow_v but_o say_v that_o their_o country_n be_v 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for_o seventy_o year_n by_o they_o maintain_v they_o be_v quite_o overcome_v and_o utter_o expel_v that_o country_n by_o narses_n of_o which_o see_v the_o catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n they_o that_o travel_v as_o far_o as_o thracia_n and_o maesia_n and_o the_o part_n of_o macedonia_n be_v by_o claudius_n the_o roman_a general_n almost_o all_o overcome_v in_o battle_n he_o at_o one_o time_n kill_v 320000_o of_o they_o as_o he_o himself_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o senate_n declare_v for_o which_o signal_n victory_n a_o golden_a statue_n be_v erect_v for_o he_o in_o the_o capitol_n at_o several_a other_o time_n and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n they_o make_v head_n against_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n and_o theodosius_n who_o overcome_v 20000_o of_o they_o which_o to_o mention_v in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o so_o pertinent_a as_o in_o that_o where_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n be_v wherefore_o at_o present_a we_o shall_v relate_v no_o more_o of_o those_o famous_a exploit_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o goth_n after_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o scandia_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o other_o more_o convenient_a place_n beside_o this_o emigration_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o berico_n or_o berig_n author_n make_v mention_n of_o another_o egression_n of_o the_o gothish_n or_o getish_a people_n as_o shall_v seem_v much_o ancient_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o ericus_n one_o of_o their_o first_o king_n about_o the_o time_n of_o sarug_n or_o saruch_n great_a grandfather_n to_o abraham_n when_o as_o be_v say_v be_v people_v denmark_n jutland_n fionia_n and_o the_o neighbour_a island_n then_o call_v wetalaheedha_n i.e._n marshy_a and_o waterish_a place_n this_o opinion_n though_o as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transmigration_n it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o improbable_a the_o earth_n than_o not_o be_v
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
rather_o imprison_v themselves_o in_o the_o capitol_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n have_v at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o stoop_v to_o the_o danish_a arms._n for_o if_o we_o consult_v the_o best_a of_o their_o historian_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o ireland_n be_v eight_o several_a time_n conquer_v by_o the_o dane_n the_o english_a be_v ten_o time_n beat_v by_o they_o and_o for_o many_o year_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n scotland_n be_v for_o awhile_o tributary_n to_o this_o crown_n whence_o some_o fancy_n it_o have_v its_o name_n scotland_n in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o country_n that_o pay_v tribute_n to_o a_o foreign_a potentate_n hence_o we_o still_o retain_v the_o word_n scotfree_a i._n e._n one_o exempt_v from_o all_o payment_n due_n and_o duty_n saxony_n pay_v homage_n to_o frotho_n siward_n and_o other_o danish_a king_n and_o the_o swede_n often_o than_o once_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o dane_n but_o revolt_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v themselves_o able_a to_o rebel_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n in_o a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o the_o danish_a valour_n nay_o saxon_a grammaticus_n give_v we_o many_o instance_n of_o the_o courage_n and_o conduct_n of_o several_a danish_a viragines_n who_o exploit_n if_o he_o say_v true_a may_v be_v set_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o brave_a performance_n of_o the_o hector_n of_o other_o nation_n tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n say_v they_o be_v a_o little_a too_o much_o addict_v to_o gluttony_n and_o drunkenness_n but_o withal_o so_o oblige_v to_o stranger_n that_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o height_n of_o barbarism_n and_o rudeness_n to_o turn_v any_o such_o out_o of_o door_n or_o deny_v they_o lodging_n both_o these_o character_n may_v still_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o since_o they_o grow_v so_o modish_a as_o to_o drink_v wine_n they_o have_v exceed_o apee_v their_o neighbour_n the_o german_n in_o large_a draught_n and_o long_a meal_n again_o they_o be_v wonderful_o complaisant_a to_o all_o foreigner_n which_o perhaps_o may_v in_o some_o part_n be_v attribute_v to_o their_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o other_o country_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o civil_a entertainment_n usual_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o behoove_v every_o stranger_n to_o carry_v himself_o so_o circumspect_o that_o he_o seem_v neither_o by_o his_o word_n nor_o action_n to_o sleight_n any_o thing_n he_o meet_v with_o for_o the_o dane_n be_v natural_o proud_a and_o self-conceited_a and_o quarrelsome_a upon_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o a_o affront_n the_o old_a roman_n common_o too_o peremptory_a in_o their_o censure_n look_v upon_o the_o cimbrian_o as_o a_o dull_a phlegmatic_a people_n and_o we_o know_v the_o general_a vogue_n still_o give_v the_o italian_n french_a and_o spaniard_n a_o large_a share_n of_o brain_n than_o they_o allow_v to_o any_o of_o the_o norther_o nation_n however_o this_o kingdom_n have_v never_o want_v man_n remarkable_a for_o their_o wit_n and_o learning_n who_o as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o a_o cold_a country_n give_v evident_a proof_n that_o man_n do_v not_o like_o water_n take_v a_o tincture_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o soil_n out_o of_o which_o they_o spring_v it_o be_v julius_n caesar_n observation_n of_o the_o gaul_n 〈◊〉_d staâ—â—â—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o look_v down_o with_o a_o scornful_a eye_n upon_o the_o low_a stature_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o ancient_o the_o northern_a people_n except_o only_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o iseland_n and_o groneland_n if_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n who_o excessive_a cold_n have_v pinch_v into_o as_o small_a dimension_n as_o the_o spaniard_n and_o other_o southern_a nation_n be_v heat_v into_o be_v general_o a_o sort_n of_o giant_n the_o dane_n in_o a_o more_o peculiar_a manner_n from_o their_o large_a size_n say_v some_o have_v the_o name_n of_o geat_n corrupt_v afterward_o into_o getae_n jutae_n etc._n etc._n at_o this_o day_n the_o a-la-mode_o luxury_n of_o the_o time_n have_v so_o prevail_v in_o denmark_n as_o to_o contract_v the_o pristine_a bulk_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n who_o nevertheless_o seem_v still_o to_o be_v more_o vigorous_a and_o long-lived_a then_o most_o of_o their_o neighbour_n aristotle_n long_o since_o can_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o northern_a people_n be_v most_o common_o yellow-haired_a and_o lucan_n speak_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n say_v fundit_fw-la ab_fw-la extremo_fw-la flavos_fw-la aquilone_n suevos_fw-la albis_n indeed_o most_o of_o the_o dane_n those_o especial_o that_o live_v beyond_o the_o baltic_a be_v to_o this_o day_n either_o white_a or_o red_a haired_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o england_n we_o usual_o say_v of_o a_o red_a haired_a man_n he_o be_v a_o dane_n and_o from_o the_o old_a grudge_n between_o this_o nation_n and_o denmark_n i_o fancy_n arise_v that_o ill_a conceit_n that_o most_o english_a have_v of_o red_a haired_a people_n what_o the_o ordinary_a food_n be_v may_v be_v easy_o know_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o corn_n fish_n dieâ—â—_n dieâ—â—_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n fit_a for_o food_n wherewith_o as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o this_o kingdom_n be_v stock_v among_o the_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o fowl_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v so_o many_o woodcock_n call_v by_o martial_a perdices_n rusticas_fw-la by_o pliny_n rusticulas_fw-la and_o account_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n a_o great_a rarity_n as_o denmark_n it_o be_v long_o before_o vine_n spread_v themselves_o so_o far_o northward_o as_o to_o reach_v beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o julius_n caesar_n day_n the_o belgic_a nervii_n know_v no_o such_o drink_n as_o wine_n or_o at_o least_o as_o he_o say_v will_v not_o suffer_v any_o such_o lewd_a liquor_n to_o come_v among_o they_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o german_n taste_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n they_o quick_o commend_v the_o glass_n to_o their_o neighbour_n the_o dane_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v as_o intemperate_a as_o their_o teacher_n the_o ancient_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v oel_n ale_n or_o beer_n make_v of_o malt_n and_o water_n which_o be_v still_o in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o though_o in_o england_n we_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o ale_n and_o beer_n yet_o the_o dane_n know_v no_o such_o difference_n what_o the_o german_n call_v bier_n be_v oel_n in_o denmark_n this_o be_v that_o famous_a drink_n which_o animate_v the_o western_a nation_n against_o the_o roman_n which_o tacitus_n call_v humorem_fw-la ex_fw-la hordeo_fw-la aut_fw-la frumento_fw-la in_o quandam_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la vini_fw-la corruptum_fw-la i._n e._n a_o liquor_n make_v of_o corn_n which_o rival_n wine_n it_o be_v undoubte_o true_a what_o rodericus_fw-la toletanus_n many_o year_n ago_o observe_v that_o the_o high_a dutch_a danish_a swedish_n norwegian_n flandrian_a and_o english_a language_n be_v only_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialect_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o mother-tongue_n which_o may_v soon_o be_v discern_v by_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v the_o lord_n prayer_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o scripture_n in_o all_o these_o tongue_n the_o gibb'rish_n indeed_o speak_v in_o lapland_n finland_n and_o some_o other_o country_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n and_o as_o unintelligible_a to_o the_o civilise_a danes_n and_o swede_n as_o hebrew_n or_o arabic_a but_o the_o ordinary_a danish_a whatever_o some_o of_o their_o own_o writer_n say_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v no_o more_o than_o corrupt_v dutch._n i_o know_v pontanus_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o word_n out_o of_o the_o danish_a tongue_n which_o he_o call_v vocabula_fw-la danis_n propria_fw-la though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o so_o that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v perhaps_o in_o any_o german_a dictionary_n what_o then_o no_o man_n shall_v with_o this_o argument_n persuade_v i_o that_o the_o dutch_a and_o danish_a tongue_n be_v fundamental_o distinct_a and_o not_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o stock_n for_o you_o shall_v find_v thousand_o of_o word_n in_o willeramus_fw-la otfrid_n and_o other_o ancient_a german_a writer_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n whole_o out_o of_o use_n and_o scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v some_o peculiar_a word_n not_o understand_v in_o the_o rest_n which_o nevertheless_o speak_v perfect_a english_a neither_o will_v it_o avail_v any_o thing_n to_o say_v the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n be_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o asia_n and_o call_v former_o asamal_n i._n e._n the_o language_n of_o the_o asian_o for_o the_o edda_n islandorum_n which_o probable_o be_v the_o old_a piece_n which_o mention_n the_o
divide_v former_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o gun_n and_o other_o terrible_a engine_n of_o war_n now_o use_v by_o all_o the_o european_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n the_o only_a fortification_n and_o rampart_n be_v strong_a wall_n and_o ditch_n which_o the_o ancient_n fancy_v as_o indeed_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o arrow_n and_o battleax_n the_o only_a weapon_n then_o in_o use_n of_o their_o barbarous_a neighbour_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o chinois_n think_v their_o empire_n secure_v from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o bloody_a neighbour_n the_o tartar_n when_o their_o famous_a king_n tzinzow_n have_v hedge_v they_o in_o with_o a_o wall_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o mile_n in_o length_n thus_o the_o best_a expedient_a the_o roman_n can_v find_v of_o put_v the_o border_n of_o their_o british_a dominion_n in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n against_o the_o daily_a revolt_n of_o the_o native_n who_o they_o have_v drive_v into_o scotland_n be_v the_o build_n of_o pict_n wall_n and_o severus_n rampire_n which_o reach_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v their_o territory_n continual_o infest_a by_o the_o daily_a inroad_n of_o the_o german_n think_v it_o high_o requisite_a to_o block_n up_o their_o passage_n by_o wall_v up_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o lie_v between_o hollingsted_a and_o gottorp_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v from_o the_o account_n give_v by_o historian_n when_o this_o work_n be_v first_o begin_v paulus_n aemilius_n a_o curious_a french_a historian_n say_v gothofr_v king_n of_o denmark_n who_o the_o danish_a writer_n call_v gothric_a be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v use_v of_o this_o stratagem_n to_o exclude_v the_o army_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 808._o the_o same_o story_n be_v tell_v we_o by_o aimoinus_n and_o christianus_n cilicius_fw-la but_o saxon_a grammaticus_n crantzius_n and_o the_o whole_a class_n of_o the_o northern_a historian_n tell_v we_o unanimous_o that_o queen_n thyra_n daughter_n of_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n and_o wife_n to_o gormo_n gamle_n king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o authoress_n of_o this_o fortification_n and_o that_o thence_o she_o have_v the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v i.e._n the_o mistress_n builder_n of_o the_o danish_a nation_n bestow_v on_o she_o i_o can_v scarce_o allow_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o story_n to_o to_o be_v truth_n since_o we_o find_v that_o this_o surname_n be_v give_v she_o long_o before_o she_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n either_o towards_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o the_o danewirk_n as_o they_o call_v this_o fort._n for_o upon_o a_o monument_n erect_v by_o king_n gormo_n gamle_n in_o honour_n of_o his_o queen_n thyra_n we_o find_v the_o follow_a inscription_n gurmr_n kunugr_n gerdi_fw-la kubl_n dusi_fw-la eft_o turui_fw-la kunu_n sina_fw-la tanmarkur-bat_n i.e._n gormo_n the_o king_n erect_v this_o tomb_n for_o thyra_n his_o queen_n danebode_v or_o repairer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n this_o inscription_n can_v be_v a_o epitaph_n write_v after_o queen_n thyra_n death_n see_v all_o the_o danish_a writer_n assert_v positive_o that_o she_o outlive_v her_o husband_n gormo_n many_o year_n and_o after_o his_o death_n take_v the_o danewirk_n in_o hand_n so_o that_o its_o more_o than_o probable_a the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v be_v give_v she_o for_o the_o many_o good_a office_n she_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n in_o repair_v several_a old_a decay_a castle_n and_o fort_n and_o build_v a_o great_a many_o new_a one_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o in_o his_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v thyra_n build_v the_o fort_n of_o wood_n which_o witfield_n understand_v of_o the_o fence_a the_o rampire_n with_o stake_n as_o bulwark_n be_v guard_v in_o our_o modern_a fortification_n other_o make_v harald_n blaatand_v queen_n thyra_n son_n the_o first_o author_n of_o this_o work_n after_o he_o have_v drive_v the_o emperor_n otho_n out_o of_o jutland_n which_o erasmus_n laetus_n the_o danish_a virgil_n allude_v to_o when_o speak_v of_o this_o king_n harald_n he_o say_v hic_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la solido_fw-la primn_v qui_fw-la cimbrica_n vallo_fw-la munijt_fw-la arva_fw-la solique_fw-la ingens_fw-la e_fw-la corpore_fw-la dorsum_fw-la eruit_fw-la immani_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la curvamine_fw-la longos_fw-la incitat_fw-la in_o tractus_fw-la mediumque_fw-la perambulat_fw-la isthmum_fw-la et_fw-la maris_fw-la eoi_fw-fr ripas_fw-la cum_fw-la littore_fw-la jungit_fw-la hesperio_fw-la ac_fw-la tenuem_fw-la sleswici_fw-la respicit_fw-la urbem_fw-la king_n eric_n decide_v this_o controversy_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o thyra_n build_v a_o wooden_a fortification_n and_o afterward_o advise_v her_o son_n to_o strengthen_v the_o work_n by_o trench_n and_o rampire_n of_o earth_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n both_o pontanus_n and_o wormius_n agree_v that_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a the_o rude_a draught_n of_o this_o fort_n be_v first_o draw_v by_o king_n gothric_n and_o only_o repair_v and_o improve_v by_o queen_n thyra_n king_n harald_n and_o other_o succeed_a prince_n waldemar_n the_o first_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n seven_o foot_n broad_a and_o eighteen_o high_a to_o strengthen_v it_o after_o so_o many_o improvement_n the_o fort_n be_v reckon_v impregnable_a for_o soon_o after_o king_n waldemar_n reparation_n when_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v the_o lion_n intend_v to_o have_v endeavour_v a_o breach_n through_o this_o fort_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n by_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n bernhard_n razburg_n who_o represent_v the_o undertake_n as_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v assure_v he_o danewirkae_n custodium_fw-la danorum_fw-la sexaginta_fw-la millibus_fw-la mandatum_fw-la esse_fw-la i.e._n that_o danewirk_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o sixty_o thousand_o dane_n hence_o king_n sueno_n find_v himself_o unable_a to_o force_v his_o way_n through_o so_o strong_a and_o so_o well_o mane_v a_o rampire_n endeavour_v to_o work_v his_o passage_n by_o corrupt_v the_o keeper_n of_o wiglesdor_n the_o only_a gate_n lead_v through_o this_o wall_n into_o jutland_n at_o this_o day_n there_o remain_v but_o slight_a mark_n of_o so_o great_a a_o work_n at_o schubuge_a and_o hesbuge_a two_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o inhabitant_n find_v relic_n of_o old_a furnace_n and_o brick-kiln_n whence_o the_o danish_a antiquary_n conclude_v that_o king_n waldemar_n have_v his_o brick_n burn_v here_o though_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fetch_v mortar_n as_o far_o as_o gothland_n joh._n cypraeus_n tell_v we_o at_o dennenwirch_n a_o inconsiderable_a village_n in_o these_o part_n may_v still_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n where_o queen_n thyra_n lodge_v the_o same_o author_n say_v wiglesdor_n be_v ancient_o call_v kaelgate_n because_o place_v in_o a_o open_a and_o plain_a part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o enemy_n can_v have_v no_o shelter_n nor_o be_v in_o any_o probability_n of_o suprize_v the_o defendant_n holstein_n ancient_o the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n contain_v at_o present_a in_o the_o province_n of_o holstein_n proper_o so_o call_v ditmarss_n wagerland_n and_o stormar_n go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o nortablingia_n or_o the_o country_n beyond_o the_o elb_n northwards_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o mention_n holsatia_n which_o the_o former_a derive_v from_o holts-geseten_a i.e._n seat_v in_o a_o wood_n or_o forest_n ducatus_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssâ—â—io-waesbergii_a et_fw-la moses_n pitt_n the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n convenience_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o baltic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n render_v holstein_n the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n and_o make_v the_o income_n of_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n exceed_v the_o treasure_n of_o many_o prince_n in_o germany_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o holstein_n be_v 1._o kyel_n chilonium_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o land_n shut_v in_o betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o river_n whence_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n kiel_n which_o signify_v a_o wedge_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o large_a and_o commodious_a haven_n which_o be_v continual_o throng_v with_o merchant-ship_n from_o germany_n liefland_n sweden_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n there_o be_v yearly_a in_o this_o town_n a_o meeting_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holstein_n who_o come_v hither_o to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o dukedom_n especial_o the_o concern_v of_o the_o mint_n and_o value_n of_o money_n the_o castle_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o treatye_n of_o roschild_n copenhagen_n and_o westphalia_n which_o by_o this_o treaty_n be_v confirm_v the_o duke_n expect_v beside_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o country_n some_o recompense_n for_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v during_o the_o war_n and_o at_o least_o to_o have_v have_v back_o the_o canon_n be_v a_o hundred_o excellent_a brass_n piece_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o tunningen_n when_o it_o be_v seize_v and_o dismantle_v by_o denmark_n but_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o answer_v one_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o same_o treaty_n be_v that_o the_o country_n of_o rixingen_n belong_v to_o count_n alefelt_n chancellor_n of_o denmark_n make_v governor_n of_o holstein_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o christian_a earl_n of_o rantzaw_n chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n frideric_n iii_o confiscate_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o ditmars_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o retain_v much_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o heroic_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v deutsch_n or_o teutschmarsh_n i._n e._n the_o german_a or_o dutch_a marsh_n because_o the_o people_n be_v relic_n of_o the_o german-saxons_a and_o the_o country_n plain_a and_o fenny_a the_o ditmarssians_n be_v never_o like_o the_o wagrians_n and_o stormarians_n bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n till_o that_o whole_a earldom_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o though_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o to_o christian_a earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n the_o first_o danish_n king_n of_o that_o house_n yet_o soon_o after_o they_o throw_v off_o this_o yoke_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o subject_a to_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n till_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n of_o king_n frideric_n ii_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o submit_v in_o the_o year_n 1559._o in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v assist_v by_o john_n and_o adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n his_o cousin-german_n whereupon_o they_o share_v the_o conquest_n with_o he_o ditmars_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o southern_a fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o only_a place_n of_o note_n in_o ditmars_n be_v 1._o meldorp_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o province_n seat_v on_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o place_n of_o good_a trade_n 2._o heyde_n which_o be_v a_o large_a but_o poor_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o great_a barren_a sand_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o overspread_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o lunden_n opposite_a to_o tonningen_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eyder_n stormar_n stormar_n stormar_n or_o stormarsh_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o marshy_a ground_n lie_v along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n stoer_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o holstein_n be_v distinguish_v by_o name_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o inhabit_v and_o the_o ancient_a marsi_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o people_n that_o live_v in_o these_o bog_n and_o fen_n and_o thence_o take_v their_o name_n hamburgh_n of_o which_o city_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o large_a description_n elsewhere_o stand_v in_o stormar_n hamburgh_n hamburgh_n and_o upon_o that_o score_n the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o this_o city_n and_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o citizen_n these_o pretension_n be_v judge_v legal_a and_o the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n ratify_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1374._o whereupon_o the_o hamburgher_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o christian_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n acknowledge_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n their_o lawful_a lord_n but_o not_o long_o after_o they_o endeavour_v to_o throw_v off_o that_o yoke_n presume_v much_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o the_o assistance_n they_o promise_v themselves_o upon_o all_o occasion_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans_n to_n this_o last_o year_n 1679_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n renew_v his_o claim_n and_o come_v before_o this_o city_n with_o a_o army_n of_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o thousand_o man_n to_o demand_v homage_n enter_v the_o elb_n with_o fourteen_o man_n of_o war_n and_o seize_v several_a merchant-ship_n english_a and_o other_o at_o gluckstadt_n on_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n a_o agreement_n be_v sign_v between_o the_o king_n and_o this_o city_n the_o article_n of_o which_o be_v i._o that_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a in_o their_o several_a right_n and_o pretension_n and_o that_o the_o point_n of_o homage_n shall_v be_v amicable_o determine_v by_o treaty_n or_o by_o a_o ordinary_a process_n before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o city_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o neutrality_n and_o free_a commerce_n as_o former_o ii_o that_o this_o city_n with_o a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o a_o humble_a devotion_n towards_o he_o and_o shall_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n further_o his_o good_a and_o prevent_v any_o evil_n they_o know_v likely_a to_o happen_v to_o he_o iii_o that_o for_o the_o great_a manifestation_n of_o this_o their_o devotion_n this_o city_n shall_v send_v a_o formal_a deputation_n to_o his_o majesty_n iv_o that_o this_o city_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v to_o receive_v they_o again_o into_o his_o favour_n shall_v pay_v he_o 220000_o crown_n at_o four_o term_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o be_v make_v immediate_o after_o the_o ratify_v the_o recess_n the_o second_o within_o six_o month_n after_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o other_o six_o month_n v._o that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v quit_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o any_o land_n which_o this_o city_n at_o present_a hold_n either_o in_o particular_a or_o in_o common_a with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n shall_v release_v the_o ship_n stop_v dithmarsia_n rendesburgum_n kiel_n et_fw-fr bordesholm_n in_o occidentali_fw-la pâ—rte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la geographica_n novissima_fw-la ducatus_fw-la stormariae_fw-la in_o meriodionali_fw-la parte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n wagria_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la orientalid_n holsatiae_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n at_o gluckstadt_n and_o shall_v ratify_v this_o recess_n within_o eight_o day_n five_o day_n after_o the_o sign_v of_o this_o interim_n recess_n so_o call_v because_o it_o leave_v both_o party_n in_o the_o same_o right_n they_o have_v before_o the_o deputy_n of_o hamburgh_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o three_o article_n wait_v on_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o his_o quarter_n at_o pinneberg_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n most_o gracious_a lord_n whereas_o your_o royal_a majesty_n be_v by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n happy_o arrive_v in_o this_o your_o dukedom_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o have_v cause_v proposal_n consist_v in_o three_o point_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o have_v desire_v their_o resolution_n thereupon_o and_o whereas_o the_o first_o point_n through_o the_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v at_o present_a and_o that_o your_o majesty_n have_v therefore_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o a_o amicable_a agreement_n or_o to_o a_o legal_a determination_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remove_v the_o displeasure_n you_o have_v take_v against_o the_o say_a city_n and_o by_o a_o interim_n recess_n gracious_o to_o agree_v that_o as_o well_o the_o right_n and_o pretension_n of_o your_o majesty_n as_o of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a the_o burgermaster_n and_o raedt_n deputy_n do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o all_o the_o burgher_n appear_v before_o your_o majesty_n and_o do_v promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o say_v interim_n recess_n in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o clause_n and_o particular_o to_o bear_v your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o become_a devotion_n that_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n they_o will_v further_o your_o majesty_n good_a and_o hinder_v all_o ill_a and_o detriment_n from_o happen_v to_o your_o majesty_n provide_v this_o city_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o westro-goth_n the_o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffenger_n with_o the_o province_n of_o aggerhuse_v anslo_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n opslo_n and_o by_o some_o latin_a writer_n asloa_n be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harold_n cotemporary_a with_o sueno_n esthritius_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o frequent_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n here_o be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o all_o norway_n wherein_o all_o cause_n and_o suit_n at_o law_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o governor_n who_o act_v as_o viceroy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o cathedral_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n alward_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o norwegian_a heathen_n in_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v show_v the_o sword_n of_o haquin_n one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n a_o signal_n testimony_n if_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v of_o it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o admirable_a art_n of_o some_o norwegian_n of_o 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constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o 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for_o promotion_n which_o say_v wimpheling_n be_v a_o say_n that_o become_v so_o great_a a_o emperor_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n 875._o charles_n the_o bald_a a_o base_a mean-spirited_n man_n ludowic_n the_o first_o be_v son_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n pope_n john_n ix_o persuade_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o money_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n for_o his_o coronation_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o his_o hand_n he_o reign_v only_o two_o year_n be_v poison_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o one_o sedechias_n a_o jewish_a physician_n 878._o ludowic_n surname_v balbus_n succeed_v his_o father_n charles_n but_o never_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n if_o it_o be_v which_o many_o question_n ever_o set_v upon_o his_o head_n when_o he_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a he_o die_v leave_v his_o throne_n to_o 879._o charles_n iii_o surname_v the_o gross_a from_o his_o bulk_n and_o fatness_n he_o may_v have_v be_v style_v a_o second_o 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and_o rule_v the_o empire_n with_o a_o strong_a arm_n for_o twelve_o year_n he_o quell_v the_o rebel_n in_o moravia_n and_o normandy_n and_o defeat_v guido_n and_o berengarius_fw-la who_o have_v make_v head_n against_o he_o in_o italy_n he_o storm_v rome_n and_o take_v it_o but_o soon_o after_o be_v poison_v there_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o guido_n wife_n and_o die_v in_o great_a misery_n be_v eat_v up_o of_o louse_n which_o the_o poison_n breed_v in_o his_o body_n 900._o ludowic_n iu._n arnolph_n son_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o noble_n into_o his_o father_n stead_n the_o hungarian_n be_v continual_o at_o war_n with_o this_o emperor_n who_o have_v seldom_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n in_o these_o skirmish_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n be_v cut_v off_o which_o shorten_v his_o life_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n before_o he_o have_v get_v a_o son_n to_o inherit_v his_o throne_n he_o die_v a_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v whole_o extinct_a during_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v another_o ludowic_n set_v up_o for_o emperor_n by_o the_o pope_n in_o italy_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o by_o berengarius_fw-la king_n of_o lombardy_n 912._o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o prince_n of_o germany_n proffer_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o best_a soldier_n of_o his_o time_n but_o old_a age_n have_v render_v he_o at_o least_o in_o his_o own_o conceit_n unfit_a for_o government_n whereupon_o he_o make_v over_o the_o proffer_a empire_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n who_o upon_o otto_n recommendation_n be_v immediate_o declare_v emperor_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o step_v into_o the_o throne_n but_o his_o carriage_n disoblige_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o put_v he_o hard_o to_o it_o to_o keep_v the_o reins_o in_o his_o hand_n henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n duke_n otto_n son_n engage_v he_o the_o oft_a and_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o success_n however_o conrade_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o that_o duke_n bequeath_v his_o empire_n to_o henry_n who_o he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n that_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o conduct_n deserve_v a_o empire_n 919._o henry_n surname_v auceps_fw-la from_o the_o great_a delight_n he_o take_v in_o hawk_v be_v by_o the_o german_a prince_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrad_n will_n proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o fritzlar_n soon_o after_o the_o pope_n fent_fw-la to_o proffer_v his_o service_n in_o consecrate_v and_o anoint_v he_o emperor_n but_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v for_o henry_n return_v his_o holiness_n this_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o that_o god_n providence_n and_o the_o voice_n of_o his_o nobility_n have_v make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o that_o fancy_v this_o title_n too_o mean_a may_v in_o god_n name_n go_v to_o rome_n for_o consecration_n and_o unction_n but_o for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o honour_n already_o confer_v on_o he_o he_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a prince_n one_o that_o compose_v most_o of_o the_o animosity_n and_o quarrel_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o brave_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o sport_n of_o tilt_n and_o tournament_n and_o fortify_v the_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n order_v that_o every_o nine_o boar_n shall_v remove_v his_o family_n into_o a_o city_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o a_o contribution_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n round_o about_o the_o country_n have_v overthrow_v the_o hungarian_n at_o a_o memorable_a battle_n near_o mersburg_n he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o imperator_fw-la confer_v upon_o he_o afterward_o go_v into_o italy_n he_o be_v take_v with_o a_o apoplexy_n of_o which_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o the_o whole_a german_a nation_n he_o die_v after_o he_o have_v reign_v seven_o year_n and_o six_o month_n 936._o otto_n the_o emperor_n henry_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o equal_v he_o in_o all_o his_o act_n of_o piety_n wisdom_n and_o prowess_n whence_o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a he_o compel_v harald_n king_n of_o denmark_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n supremacy_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n subdue_v the_o bohemian_o and_o force_v their_o prince_n boleslaus_n to_o turn_v christian_a depose_v pope_n john_n xii_o and_o put_v leo_n viii_o in_o his_o place_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o power_n of_o choose_v pope_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o emperor_n alone_o the_o fashion_n of_o christen_n of_o bell_n be_v first_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o reign_n 973._o otho_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n otho_n the_o great_a he_o find_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o except_v some_o small_a skirmish_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o some_o malcontent_a bishop_n have_v proclaim_v emperor_n never_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n he_o overthrow_v the_o turk_n in_o apulia_n and_o be_v thence_o style_v pallida_fw-la saracenorum_n mors_fw-la he_o reign_v eleven_o year_n and_o at_o his_o death_n leave_v the_o empire_n as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o perfect_a peace_n 984._o otho_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o child_n be_v advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n but_o quick_o grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n some_o say_v he_o be_v the_o 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or_o since_o their_o time_n the_o first_o occasion_n i_o suppose_v of_o the_o general_a mistake_n come_v from_o the_o saxon_a army_n bearing_n a_o young_a black_a horse_n which_o be_v afterward_o upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o witikind_a to_o the_o christian_a faith_n change_v into_o a_o white_a one_o the_o crest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n arm_n to_o this_o day_n in_o their_o flag_n now_o hengist_n or_o hengst_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a dialect_n signify_v a_o stallion_n and_o that_o horsa_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n i_o need_v not_o tell_v the_o english_a reader_n so_o that_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a troop_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n give_v they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o some_o writer_n have_v enigmatical_o call_v the_o emperor_n the_o eagle_n the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o lily_n etc._n etc._n i.e._n from_o the_o arm_n they_o bear_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n observe_v in_o saxony_n law_n law_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n appear_v from_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v confirm_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o he_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o government_n of_o most_o other_o province_n in_o germany_n his_o example_n have_v be_v follow_v by_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n down_n to_o our_o day_n insomuch_o that_o the_o saxon_n be_v still_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o their_o ancestor_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n be_v comprehend_v in_o those_o two_o famous_a digest_v of_o their_o law_n entitle_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n and_o das_n sachsische_n weichbild_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o ordeal_o their_o famous_a way_n of_o determine_v controversy_n soon_o after_o their_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o denmark_n though_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o this_o piece_n of_o judicature_n be_v never_o practise_v by_o any_o other_o saxon_n then_o the_o english_a and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o it_o till_o some_o time_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o island_n saxonia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a a_o description_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a province_n in_o the_o low_a saxony_n the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n by_o some_o late_a geographer_n have_v be_v make_v to_o comprehend_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n hildesheim_n lubeck_n swerin_n and_o ratzeburg_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n holstein_n mecklenburg_n and_o saxon-lawenburg_a among_o these_o a_o account_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n have_v be_v already_o give_v in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n and_o nothing_o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o his_o dominion_n except_v hamburg_n in_o stormaria_n and_o lubeck_n in_o wagerland_n be_v at_o present_a reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n of_o the_o commodity_n present_a state_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o rest_n we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n in_o the_o follow_a sheet_n begin_v with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o hamburg_n and_o the_o country_n adjacent_a whence_o this_o great_a city_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n name_n name_n be_v not_o easy_o agree_v on_o by_o the_o german_a historian_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o ham_n of_o bacon_n bring_v hither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o here_o sell_v to_o foreign_a mariner_n other_o again_o fetch_v it_o from_o jupiter_n ammon_n who_o image_n they_o tell_v we_o be_v worship_v in_o these_o part_n until_o charles_n the_o great_a have_v extirpated_a idolatry_n and_o plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n crantzius_n say_v it_o be_v first_o call_v hamburg_n from_o one_o hama_fw-la a_o stout_a saxon_a champion_n who_o be_v here_o slay_v by_o starcater_v a_o danish_a giant_n dresserus_n bring_v it_o from_o hain_n which_o signify_v a_o pleasant_a grove_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o this_o city_n first_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o forest_n hamme_n which_o former_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n bille_n and_o alster_n and_o give_v the_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a lord_n of_o ham_n who_o about_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v lead_n his_o army_n into_o these_o part_n build_v themselves_o here_o a_o castle_n which_o from_o their_o own_o name_n they_o call_v hamburg_n this_o conjecture_n be_v embrace_v by_o silvius_n hamburgensis_n andreas_n angelus_n p._n bertius_fw-la isac_n pontanus_n and_o most_o other_o author_n of_o repute_n who_o have_v give_v we_o any_o historical_a account_n of_o this_o city_n pontanus_n tell_v we_o that_o ham_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a dialect_n signify_v a_o forest_n or_o chase_n and_o prove_v it_o from_o suderham_n and_o norderham_n two_o large_a forest_n in_o dithmar_n but_o author_n be_v as_o hardly_o reconcile_v about_o the_o situation_n as_o name_v of_o the_o place_n situation_n situation_n the_o great_a part_n of_o writer_n tell_v we_o the_o city_n stand_v in_o stormaria_n a_o province_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n dominion_n but_o some_o german_a historian_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v a_o true_a saxon_a city_n and_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o saxony_n and_o stormaria_n add_v further_o that_o to_o a_o diligent_a observer_n it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o town_n even_o at_o this_o day_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o stormaria_n by_o some_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o river_n elb._n some_o antiquary_n have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v antiquity_n antiquity_n that_o this_o noble_a hans-town_n be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o albion_n the_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o albingi_n who_o be_v afterward_o christen_v at_o minden_n with_o witekind_n a_o considerable_a village_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o albion_n about_o the_o year_n 785_o charles_n the_o great_a give_v this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o vtho_n one_o of_o his_o nobleman_n and_o attendant_n who_o to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o other_o his_o heathenish_a neighbour_n begin_v first_o to_o fortify_v the_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 787_o or_o as_o some_o say_v 789_o but_o these_o first_o foundation_n be_v quick_o shake_v and_o vtho_n rude_a draught_n of_o a_o strong_a city_n be_v utter_o deface_v for_o the_o vandal_n pour_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o his_o small_a retinue_n sack_v the_o town_n and_o lay_v it_o waste_v in_o the_o year_n 810._o this_o say_v conringius_n be_v that_o which_o the_o author_n of_o a_o ancient_a chronicle_n mean_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o anno_fw-la 810_o castellum_n nomine_fw-la hochbuci_fw-la albi_fw-la flumini_fw-la contiguum_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la odo_n legatus_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la &_o orientalium_fw-la saxonum_n erat_fw-la praesidium_n a_o wilsis_n capio_fw-la from_o hence_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v no_o place_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n before_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v time_n and_o that_o hamburg_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o though_o in_o great_a danger_n of_o perish_v in_o its_o infancy_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o emperor_n regain_v this_o country_n from_o the_o insult_a and_o barbarous_a vandal_n and_o rebuilt_a the_o town_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o his_o son_n ludovicus_n pius_n advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a city_n the_o same_o emperor_n make_v it_o a_o archbishops_n see_v about_o the_o year_n 833_o archbishopric_n a_o archbishopric_n bestow_v it_o upon_o ansgar_n the_o great_a saint_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n call_v by_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n anscharius_fw-la by_o other_o ansagrius_n or_o ansearius_n who_o first_o convert_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o christianity_n within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o whole_a province_n round_o about_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o several_a evangelical_n preacher_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n afterward_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v translate_v from_o this_o city_n to_o bremen_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o and_o for_o several_a age_n last_o pass_v there_o have_v be_v neither_o archbishop_n nor_o bishop_n of_o hamburg_n after_o the_o hamburger_n be_v establish_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n subject_n to_o who_o subject_n and_o begin_v to_o trade_n they_o have_v daily_o large_a and_o ample_a privilege_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o most_o succeed_a emperor_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v homage_n but_o we_o must_v needs_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v sometime_o oblige_v to_o change_v their_o master_n according_a as_o contrary_a interest_n of_o their_o
tell_v we_o of_o they_o contain_v as_o many_o incredible_a thing_n as_o the_o most_o romantic_a popish_a legend_n however_o the_o saxon_a commonalty_n have_v still_o their_o memory_n and_o name_n in_o great_a veneration_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o part_v with_o christmas-day_n as_o st._n ansgar_n which_o be_v the_o eight_o of_o february_n out_o of_o their_o almanac_n st._n wilhad_n day_n be_v keep_v on_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n and_o st._n rembert_n on_o the_o four_o of_o february_n 6._o rembert_n be_v succeed_v by_o one_o adelgar_a a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n of_o who_o nothing_o be_v record_v worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o 7._o hoyer_n who_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o archbishops_n see_v in_o the_o year_n 909_o and_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o bremen_n chronicle_n report_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n his_o grave_n be_v open_v where_o nothing_o be_v find_v but_o a_o pillow_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v under_o his_o head_n and_o a_o cross_n both_o fresh_a and_o uncorrupted_a whereupon_o the_o monk_n of_o bremen_n conclude_v that_o his_o body_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o death_n snatch_v up_o into_o heaven_n 8._o reginward_a 9_o vnni_n who_o go_v to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n in_o sweden_n die_v at_o birca_n in_o gothland_n 10._o adaldag_n 11._o libentius_fw-la a_o italian_a 12._o vnwan_n call_v by_o some_o wimar_n 13._o libentius_fw-la ii_o 14._o hermannus_n 15._o bezeline_n 16._o albert_n son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n 17._o liemar_n or_o leimar_n a_o bavarian_a nobleman_n the_o fourteen_o and_o last_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n for_o when_o at_o the_o request_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o pope_n have_v erect_v a_o archbishop_n see_v at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi the_o bishop_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n be_v subject_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o only_o lubec_n schwerin_n lebus_n and_o ratzenburg_n remain_v suffragans_fw-la to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o thereupon_o for_o ever_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n 18._o humbert_n the_o first_o that_o ever_o style_v himself_o bare_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 19_o frideric_n 20._o adalbar_fw-la 21._o hartwic_n 22._o baldwin_n who_o successor_n some_o have_v make_v one_o barthold_n but_o without_o any_o good_a authority_n 23._o sifrid_n son_n to_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 24._o hartwic_n ii_o 25._o woldemar_n duke_n and_o bishop_n of_o sleswic_n 26._o gerhard_n former_o bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n 27._o gerhard_n ii_o earl_n of_o lip_n 28._o hildebold_n or_o hildebrand_n earl_n of_o broch-hausen_a 29._o giselbert_n 30._o henry_n i._n 31._o florentius_n de_fw-mi brunchor_v against_o who_o appear_v bernherd_v earl_n of_o wolpe_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v archbishop_n instead_o of_o florentius_n â—at_a lose_v the_o day_n 32._o john_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o provost_n of_o roschild_n in_o denmark_n 33._o burchard_n 34._o otto_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n 35._o gotfrid_n earl_n of_o arnsberg_n he_o have_v great_a quarrel_n with_o maurice_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n for_o the_o see_v which_o when_o he_o can_v not_o peaceable_o enjoy_v he_o resign_v to_o 36._o albrecht_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n choose_v archbishop_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1359._o 37._o otto_n ii_o 38._o john_n ii_o 39_o nicolas_n earl_n of_o delmenhorst_n 40._o baldwin_n 41._o gerhard_n iii_o earl_n of_o hoga_n 42._o henry_n iii_o earl_n of_o schwartzburg_n 43._o john_n iii_o 44._o christopher_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n 45._o henry_n iu._n duke_n of_o saxony_n engeren_n westphalia_n etc._n etc._n 46._o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n etc._n etc._n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n be_v regent_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o thereupon_o quit_v the_o see_v of_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1596_o leave_v the_o place_n to_o his_o brother_n 47._o john_n frideric_n who_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n bishop_n of_o lubec_n and_o have_v enjoy_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty-eight_a year_n die_v in_o the_o monastery_n near_o buxtehude_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o sleswic_n 48._o the_o last_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n be_v frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n son_n to_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o father_n to_o the_o present_a danish_a king_n christian_n v._n but_o before_o this_o frideric_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o a_o archbishop_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1644_o the_o prevail_a force_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n overrun_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n as_o they_o have_v before_o many_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afterward_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o ut_fw-la satis_fw-la fieret_fw-la serenissimae_fw-la reginae_fw-la sueciae_fw-la pro_fw-la locorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la bello_fw-la captorum_fw-la restitutione_n pacique_fw-la publicae_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la restanrandae_fw-la condignè_fw-la prospiceretur_fw-la as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n among_o other_o place_n there_o mention_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n shall_v be_v for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o annex_v to_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o dominion_n sub_fw-la solitis_fw-la quidem_fw-la insigniis_fw-la sed_fw-la titulo_fw-la ducatus_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n which_o title_n it_o still_o retain_v whence_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v so_o call_v bremen_n city_n of_o bremen_n there_o be_v several_a different_a opinion_n among_o the_o german_n writer_n some_o of_o which_o for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n i_o shall_v hear_v repeat_v leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o embrace_v any_o one_o or_o reject_v all_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n one_o tell_v we_o there_o be_v former_o a_o ferry_n across_o the_o weser_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bremen_n now_o stand_v and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o city_n so_o call_v from_o the_o flat_a bottom_v boat_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o neder-saxons_a name_v praman_n wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o ferry_v over_o passenger_n another_o fancy_v bremen_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o broom_n in_o their_o tongue_n brame_n which_o grow_v in_o this_o country_n m._n martinius_n a_o man_n of_o no_o contemptible_a part_n and_o learning_n guess_v that_o because_o the_o land_n of_o bremen_n be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n towards_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o city_n be_v call_v ein_fw-ge brame_n which_o word_n signify_v proper_o the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n of_o a_o garment_n to_o omit_v the_o impertinence_n of_o other_o etymologist_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o ever_o that_o word_n have_v its_o original_n be_v the_o same_o with_o bremen_n cluverius_n allow_v of_o this_o opinion_n add_v further_a nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la omnino_fw-la abhorret_fw-la nam_fw-la dempta_fw-la priore_fw-la syllaba_fw-la reliquum_fw-la biranum_fw-la satis_fw-la aperta_fw-la vestigia_fw-la gerit_fw-la vocabuli_fw-la bremen_n et_fw-la quid_fw-la scio_fw-la anon_o apud_fw-la ptolomaeum_n m_n corruptum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o n_n integrumque_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fabiramum_fw-la among_o the_o old_a rubbish_n of_o ancient_a german_a writer_n antiquity_n antiquity_n and_o the_o small_a fragment_n of_o antiquity_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o country_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o find_v out_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a one_o great_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s._n stephani_n statt_n be_v of_o a_o late_a foundation_n than_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o grand_a accession_n call_v die_v new_a statt_fw-mi or_o the_o new_a city_n have_v be_v add_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n what_o time_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v we_o have_v no_o other_o account_n then_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o city_n of_o saxony_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n bremen_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v first_o wall_v round_o by_o the_o order_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v auceps_fw-la or_o the_o fowler_n about_o the_o year_n 1000_o for_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o his_o naked_a town_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n and_o outrage_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o in_o those_o day_n miserable_o infest_a the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o the_o modern_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n nicolas_n which_o at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o
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a_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n in_o season_n and_o within_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o town_n many_o thousand_o of_o salmon_n and_o lamprey_n be_v catch_v yearly_o and_o after_o they_o be_v pickle_v up_o or_o dry_v in_o the_o smoke_n ship_v off_o soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n which_o be_v first_o begin_v at_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1522_o gymnasium_n gymnasium_n the_o burgher_n build_v a_o free-school_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o fair_a revenue_n this_o be_v afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o schola_fw-la illustris_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o or_o a_o college_n wherein_o be_v profess_v and_o teach_v the_o four_o superior_a faculty_n of_o divinity_n law_n physic_n and_o philosophy_n at_o last_o it_o become_v a_o gymnasium_n or_o little_a university_n and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o most_o note_v one_o in_o germany_n famous_a for_o the_o education_n of_o nat._n chytraeus_n chr._n pezelius_n vrban_n pierius_n mathias_n martinius_n joh._n lampadius_n lud._n crocius_n joh._n combachius_n joh._n coccejus_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n consist_v of_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o four_o and_o twenty_o raths-herrn_a magistrate_n magistrate_n or_o common-council-man_n who_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o class_n so_o that_o one_o burgomaster_n and_o six_o rahtsherrn_n may_v be_v allot_v for_o each_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n if_o any_o of_o the_o burgomaster_n or_o rahtsherrn_a die_n or_o be_v bring_v so_o low_a in_o the_o world_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v his_o office_n any_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o choose_v another_o into_o his_o place_n within_o four_o and_o twenty-hour_n after_o his_o burial_n or_o resignation_n the_o election_n be_v carry_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n out_o of_o each_o class_n one_o elector_n be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o lot_n and_o the_o four_o that_o be_v at_o last_o set_v out_o for_o that_o office_n take_v a_o oath_n to_o choose_v a_o person_n out_o of_o the_o most_o 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valiant_a performance_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o bremen_n in_o the_o holy_a war._n for_o thus_o the_o word_n of_o their_o charter_n run_v ob_fw-la obsequiorum_fw-la promptitudinem_fw-la multasque_fw-la deificas_fw-la virtutes_fw-la viriles_fw-la actus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la modicos_fw-la labores_fw-la &_o expensas_fw-la quos_fw-la &_o quas_fw-la bremenses_n per_fw-la mare_fw-la suis_fw-la navibus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la terram_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la in_fw-la passagio_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la sanctam_fw-la quando_fw-la civitas_n hierosolymitana_n capta_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o before_o this_o emperor_n time_n it_o be_v certain_o a_o free_a city_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o statue_n rolandina_n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o marketplace_n bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o empire_n a_o spread-eagle_n with_o this_o inscription_n in_o the_o old_a neder-saxon_a language_n vryheitt_n do_v ick_fw-mi ju_fw-mi openbahr_fw-ge de_fw-fr carll_n und_fw-ge manig_v force_v vorwahr_fw-ge deeser_n stadtt_n ghegheven_a hat_n dess_n dancket_v good_a iss_v min_fw-mi rath_n i.e._n i_o be_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o liberty_n which_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o many_o other_o emperor_n have_v grant_v to_o this_o city_n for_o which_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o return_n god_n thanks_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o move_v the_o ancient_a german_n especial_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n to_o erect_v these_o kind_n of_o monstrous_a statue_n in_o their_o city_n and_o great_a to_n the_o tradition_n usual_o receive_v among_o the_o saxon_n be_v that_o charles_n the_o great_a overran_a their_o country_n by_o the_o help_n of_o one_o roland_n a_o gigantic_a general_n in_o his_o army_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o emperor_n order_v his_o image_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o note_n which_o he_o conquer_v with_o 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year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a nor_o
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law-case_n so_o that_o by_o ruland_n or_o rugeland_n nothing_o else_o as_o he_o think_v can_v be_v mean_v then_o ein_fw-mi mahlstadt_n da_fw-mi man_n frey_n kayserlich_n gericht_v helt_v i._n e._n a_o city_n or_o great_a town_n on_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o the_o emperor_n have_v be_v please_v to_o appoint_v a_o session_n of_o judge_n and_o advocate_n to_o try_v and_o determine_v in_o his_o name_n all_o law-suit_n and_o controversy_n and_o this_o power_n and_o authority_n commit_v to_o the_o burgher_n of_o such_o certain_a city_n be_v represent_v as_o it_o be_v still_o at_o bremen_n magdeburg_n and_o many_o other_o great_a town_n in_o saxony_n by_o the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o great_a giant_n mistake_v for_o one_o roland_n who_o they_o make_v sister_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a represent_v the_o emperor_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o they_o be_v ancient_o so_o superstitious_a in_o erect_v or_o pull_v down_o these_o statue_n 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vehrden_n vehrden_n vehrden_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n but_o may_v now_o reasonable_o enough_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n as_o have_v be_v give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n together_o with_o the_o archbishopric_n under_o the_o name_n of_o one_o entire_a dukedom_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n bruschius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o german_a bishop_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a found_v this_o bishopric_n at_o konende_n upon_o the_o weser_n other_o say_v bardewic_n about_o the_o year_n 776_o whence_o not_o long_o after_o it_o be_v remove_v to_o vehrden_n which_o even_o in_o those_o day_n be_v if_o the_o saxon_n have_v any_o such_o a_o strong_a and_o populous_a city_n crantzius_n report_v that_o the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v one_o suibert_n a_o english_a man_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 708_o near_o seventy_o year_n before_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o bishopric_n according_a to_o bruschius_n calculation_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o one_o patto_n a_o scot._n but_o emmius_n in_o his_o accurate_a frisian_a history_n show_v that_o this_o historian_n mistake_v suidbert_n the_o frislander_n who_o be_v indeed_o the_o first_o bishop_n of_o vehrden_n for_o one_o of_o the_o same_o name_n who_o come_v over_o into_o germany_n with_o wilhad_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o yet_o this_o correction_n of_o crantzius_n relation_n be_v not_o to_o be_v approve_v unless_o we_o read_v 788_o or_o 798_o instead_o of_o 708_o since_o as_o we_o have_v before_o inform_v the_o reader_n one_o of_o our_o english_a archbishop_n first_o furnish_v bremen_n with_o a_o bishop_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 788._o we_o may_v from_o these_o contradiction_n easy_o gather_v what_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o account_n which_o german_a writer_n be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o this_o city_n and_o the_o present_a be_v not_o worthy_a of_o a_o large_a description_n have_v nothing_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a or_o remarkable_a the_o river_n aller_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v bring_v in_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o town_n since_o up_o the_o weser_n into_o which_o river_n the_o aller_n emty_v itself_o not_o far_o from_o vehrden_n be_v bring_v flat_o bottom_v barge_n of_o a_o considerable_a bulk_n lade_v with_o all_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a commodity_n which_o the_o market_n of_o bremen_n will_v afford_v count_n tilly_n take_v this_o town_n at_o the_o first_o assault_n in_o the_o year_n 1626._o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1631_o the_o imperial_a army_n give_v it_o a_o second_o blow_n which_o it_o have_v feel_v ever_o since_o ii_o ottersberg_n ottersberg_n ottersberg_n a_o small_a fortify_v town_n not_o far_o from_o bremen_n beautify_v and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n the_o ancient_a residence_n of_o some_o of_o their_o archbishop_n chytraeus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o ottenberg_n bear_v a_o part_n for_o many_o year_n with_o the_o citizen_n of_o bremen_n in_o a_o rebellion_n against_o their_o archbishop_n to_o who_o they_o be_v at_o last_o upon_o some_o condition_n agree_v to_o by_o both_o party_n force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1547._o in_o the_o last_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n this_o castle_n be_v twice_o take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o imperialist_n and_o once_o by_o count_n coningsmark_n the_o swedish_n general_n iii_o rotterberg_n rotterberg_n rotterberg_n a_o small_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n wein_n at_o about_o four_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o ottersberg_n in_o the_o place_n where_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v nicolas_n the_o thirty-seventh_a bishop_n of_o vehrden_n build_v a_o palace_n for_o himself_o and_o successor_n which_o be_v afterward_o fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o deep_a ditch_n about_o the_o year_n 1500_o by_o barthold_n the_o forty-ninth_a bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o adjoin_a village_n or_o suburb_n be_v wall_v in_o and_o make_v a_o small_a city_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v a_o place_n of_o some_o trade_n and_o be_v considerable_o populous_a iv_o buxtehude_n buxtehude_n buxtehude_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n essa_n not_o far_o from_o the_o elb_n in_o as_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a a_o country_n as_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a empire_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o granary_n of_o hamburg_n and_o furnish_v that_o great_a city_n with_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o their_o provision_n both_o for_o man_n and_o horse_n v._o stade_n stade_n stade_n the_o second_o city_n of_o note_n next_o after_o bremen_n in_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n zwinga_fw-mi and_o bank_n of_o the_o elb._n bertius_fw-la and_o other_o writer_n skilled_a in_o the_o ancient_a geography_n of_o these_o part_n will_v
have_v this_o city_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o in_o saxony_n esteem_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o i_o think_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o ptolemy_n assign_v to_o that_o old_a town_n be_v 29_o deg_fw-la of_o long._n and_o 51_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o lat._n will_v scarce_o come_v near_o this_o city_n this_o large_a and_o ancient_a city_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o earl_n and_o marquis_n of_o its_o own_o and_o thence_o we_o find_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n name_v by_o the_o latin_a historian_n stadenses_n stadingi_n or_o stedingii_n as_o a_o people_n distinct_a of_o themselves_o and_o independent_a upon_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o these_o earl_n and_o marc-grave_n the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o catalogue_n in_o crantzius_n or_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o the_o stadenses_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a war_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n have_v like_a to_o have_v stifle_v religion_n in_o its_o cradle_n this_o bloodshed_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o revolt_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n from_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o bremen_n whereupon_o the_o clergy_n of_o that_o city_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n what_o their_o enemy_n have_v endeavour_v to_o wrest_v from_o they_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o engage_v several_a of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o the_o broil_n but_o this_o expedient_a do_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o expect_a success_n have_v after_o a_o long_a quarrel_n only_o weaken_a both_o party_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a vindicate_v the_o archbishops_n title_n at_o last_o a_o volley_n of_o curse_n and_o excommunication_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n fright_v the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n into_o submission_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o former_o to_o the_o archbishops_n of_o bremen_n hereupon_o philip_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o earl_n of_o stade_n annex_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o the_o archbishopric_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o city_n with_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v confirm_v to_o that_o crown_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n and_o possible_o we_o may_v have_v some_o reason_n to_o call_v this_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o duke_n of_o bremen_n since_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n itself_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o homage_n payable_a to_o that_o monarch_n from_o the_o archbishopric_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o treaty_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o free_a imperial_a city_n immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o he_o only_o notwithstanding_o the_o vast_a rampire_n and_o bulwark_n wherewith_o this_o city_n be_v fortify_v and_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v in_o one_o day_n april_v 13_o 1645_o by_o the_o swedish_n general_n count_n coningsmark_n who_o have_v at_o the_o first_o assault_v take_v the_o fortress_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi betwixt_o the_o city_n and_o the_o elb_n press_v forward_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o stade_n and_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n whereupon_o the_o burgher_n be_v glad_a to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a fort_n upon_o any_o condition_n the_o conqueror_n be_v please_v to_o propose_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o wholesome_a air_n and_o a_o pleasant_a rich_a country_n the_o burgher_n who_o have_v the_o character_n of_o the_o most_o civil_a and_o courteous_a people_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v common_o orchard_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n their_o haven_n be_v large_a and_o commodious_a and_o ship_n of_o large_a carriage_n and_o burden_n come_v up_o to_o stade_n then_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v hamburg_n the_o marketplace_n rahthauss_n or_o town-hall_n exchange_v and_o several_a of_o their_o church_n be_v building_n worthy_a a_o traveller_n sight_n many_o and_o great_a have_v be_v the_o privilege_n by_o several_a emperor_n grant_v to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v always_o reckon_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o fugitive_n insomuch_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o malefactor_n whether_o germane_a or_o foreigner_n that_o can_v reach_v stade_n before_o vengeance_n overtake_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o find_v shelter_n here_o and_o be_v secure_a from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n beside_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n authority_n to_o hunt_v in_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n challenge_v by_o all_o imperial_a city_n they_o have_v power_n to_o demand_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o custom_n of_o every_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v up_o the_o elb_n to_o hamburg_n every_o such_o vessel_n be_v oblige_v to_o strike_v anchor_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi and_o there_o to_o tarry_v till_o dismiss_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o customhouse_n these_o pretension_n occasion_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n and_o the_o hamburger_n the_o late_a pretend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o infringement_n of_o their_o prerogative_n who_o be_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o elb_n below_o their_o own_o city_n for_o stade_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o any_o such_o privilege_n but_o the_o controversy_n soon_o after_o be_v amicable_o compose_v and_o each_o city_n have_v since_o peaceable_o enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a regality_n this_o ancient_a hans-town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o be_v enroll_v into_o that_o noble_a society_n be_v once_o reduce_v to_o a_o mean_a and_o beggarly_a condition_n by_o the_o overgrow_a trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o hamburger_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v force_v to_o sell_v almost_o for_o bread_n the_o public_a stock_n not_o amount_v to_o ninety_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n to_o these_o upstart_a thrive_a merchant_n its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n but_o in_o this_o low_a condition_n it_o do_v not_o long_o continue_v before_o the_o english_a merchant_n upon_o some_o affront_n the_o hamburger_n have_v offer_v they_o remove_v their_o commerce_n to_o stade_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o city_n in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v its_o former_a grandeur_n and_o grow_v on_o a_o sudden_a rich_a and_o populous_a vi_o bremer-verden_a a_o wall_a town_n bremer-verden_n bremer-verden_n on_o the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n distant_a from_o the_o late_a about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n and_o from_o the_o former_a near_o twenty-eight_a it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o luder_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o afterward_o make_v a_o palace_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o have_v here_o their_o usual_a residence_n in_o the_o castle_n which_o command_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a plain_n the_o swede_n have_v common_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o town_n will_v otherwise_o be_v of_o little_a note_n not_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o any_o trade_n except_o what_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o resort_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o way_n to_o bremen_n or_o stade_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n bound_n bound_n or_o lunenburg_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o east_n with_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o lauwenburg_n and_o holstein_n on_o the_o north-west_n with_o bremen_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o westphalia_n the_o metropolis_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o moon_n lunus_n or_o luna_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a idolatrous_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n elmena_n or_o ilmenow_n on_o which_o the_o city_n of_o luneburg_n be_v seat_v which_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v former_o call_v luno_n from_o isis_n the_o egyptian_a goddess_n who_o come_v into_o germany_n to_o visit_v her_o kinsman_n gambrivius_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o hamburg_n now_o stand_v be_v here_o deify_v and_o worship_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o half-moon_n several_a of_o the_o saxon_a chronologer_n report_n that_o this_o idol_n be_v first_o bring_v hither_o by_o
but_o his_o large_a dukedom_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o reader_n before_o and_o himself_o reduce_v from_o a_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n to_o a_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n hitherto_o we_o have_v find_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n unite_v and_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n lunenburg_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o this_o henry_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1195_o they_o be_v divide_v for_o henry_n the_o lion_n have_v three_o son_n viz._n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n otho_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o duke_n william_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o luneburg_n but_o only_o style_v himself_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr luneburg_n and_o indeed_o he_o have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o any_o great_a title_n since_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n for_o otho_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o brunswic_n and_o duke_n henry_n seize_v upon_o zell_n bremen_n and_o stade_n about_o the_o year_n 1213_o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o only_a son_n otho_n who_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1235_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_v diploma_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v duke_n william_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1252_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n albert_n keep_v all_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n since_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v always_o reckon_v two_o distinct_a principality_n and_o usual_o subject_a to_o two_o different_a prince_n after_o this_o division_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n duke_n john_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n about_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1276_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n otho_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o notorious_a parachronism_n in_o dr._n heylin_n cosmography_n wherein_o reckon_v only_o the_o eight_o year_n government_n of_o duke_n john_n without_o mention_v any_o power_n enjoy_v by_o his_o brother_n albert_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n he_o bring_v otho_n ii_o to_o the_o dukedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1261_o which_o be_v fifteen_o year_n exact_o the_o time_n that_o duke_n albert_n keep_v possession_n of_o both_o his_o father_n dukedom_n before_o his_o father_n death_n otho_n have_v reign_v 53_o year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1330_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n otho_n and_o william_n who_o be_v joint-governor_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n otho_n without_o any_o heir_n male_a william_n be_v the_o sole_a governor_n for_o some_o small_a term_n of_o year_n but_o consider_v that_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o issue_n from_o himself_o and_o his_o brother_n the_o line_n of_o luneburg_n be_v like_a to_o be_v extinct_a he_o resolve_v during_o his_o life-time_n to_o choose_v himself_o a_o successor_n whereupon_o at_o first_o he_o pitch_v upon_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n his_o brother_n daughter_n son_n but_o afterward_o change_v his_o resolution_n he_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n to_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n mechtild_v duke_n ludowic_n have_v govern_v three_o year_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1358_o be_v succeed_v by_o magnus_n surname_v mit_fw-ge der_fw-ge ketten_v or_o torquatus_n to_o who_o the_o luneburger_n submit_v themselves_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v protect_v they_o against_o all_o injury_n offer_v they_o either_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n or_o any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n soon_o after_o torquatus_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o brunswic_n and_o so_o both_o dukedom_n be_v once_o more_o unite_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o repose_v in_o their_o new_a prince_n and_o the_o vast_a pormise_n he_o make_v they_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n assist_v by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o right_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a brother_n daughter_n by_o force_n recover_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1372_o and_o enjoy_v it_o fourteen_o year_n after_o his_o death_n there_o be_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n and_o saxony_n each_o of_o they_o lay_v claim_n to_o and_o contend_v for_o this_o dukedom_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1388_o bernhard_n duke_n magnus_n son_n obtain_v the_o government_n but_o soon_o after_o frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v slay_v in_o his_o return_n from_o francfurt_n where_o he_o be_v new_o choose_v emperor_n bernhard_n be_v remove_v to_o brunswic_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n give_v to_o his_o nephew_n henry_n who_o before_o have_v some_o share_n with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n henry_n have_v be_v sole_a duke_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixteen_o year_n dye_v a._n d._n 1416._o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n william_n who_o within_o a_o while_n after_o fall_v out_o with_o his_o cousin_n otho_n duke_n bernhard_n son_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n many_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a city_n whereof_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v some_o while_n after_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n be_v compose_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v change_v dukedom_n which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1428_o and_o so_o otho_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o william_n remove_v to_o brunswic_n otho_n brother_n duke_n frideric_n succeed_v he_o though_o dr._n heylin_n make_v he_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o have_v govern_v about_o fourteen_o year_n quit_v the_o dukedom_n and_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o zell_n in_o the_o year_n 1459._o hereupon_o the_o government_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o two_o son_n bernhard_n and_o otho_n the_o former_a of_o which_o die_v within_o five_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a surve_v about_o seven_o year_n leave_v behind_o he_o only_o one_o young_a son_n about_o three_o year_n old_a this_o force_v the_o old_a duke_n frideric_n in_o his_o extreme_a dotage_n to_o reassume_v the_o government_n till_o his_o grandchild_n shall_v come_v to_o maturity_n he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o dukedom_n for_o seven_o year_n long_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1478._o the_o young_a duke_n henry_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n at_o his_o grandfather_n death_n be_v assist_v in_o the_o government_n by_o his_o mother_n for_o some_o year_n ten_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1532_o he_o settle_v the_o dukedom_n upon_o his_o three_o son_n otho_n ernest_n and_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o these_o prefer_v a_o retire_a life_n to_o the_o state_n and_o grandeur_n of_o a_o dukedom_n resign_v his_o right_n to_o his_o brother_n ernestus_n during_o his_o father_n life_n demand_v only_o a_o certain_a annual_a stipend_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o himself_o and_o a_o small_a family_n this_o ernest_n together_o with_o his_o brother_n francis_n who_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n till_o the_o year_n 1539_o but_o be_v afterward_o put_v off_o with_o the_o lordship_n of_o giffhorn_n and_o monastery_n of_o isenhagen_n bring_v in_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1546_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n francis_n otho_n who_o have_v govern_v about_o thirteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n male_a and_o leave_v the_o dukedom_n to_o his_o two_o brother_n henry_n and_o william_n these_o two_o rule_v peaceable_o together_o for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n but_o afterward_o they_o separate_v themselves_o and_o agree_v that_o william_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o duke_n henry_n be_v content_a with_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o dannenberg_n and_o monastery_n of_o scharnebeck_n to_o which_o be_v afterward_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o hitzaker_n luchau_n and_o warbke_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n ernest_n who_o keep_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n till_o the_o year_n 1611._o in_o which_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o
that_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n be_v send_v from_o hence_o and_o they_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o good_a success_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o our_o island_n some_o of_o they_o return_v hang_v up_o a_o gild_a ship_n of_o tin_n in_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o before_o the_o fire_n above_o mention_v iv_o zell_n zell_n zell_n this_o city_n famous_a for_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n on_o a_o sandy_a level_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o small_a river_n the_o aller_n and_o fuhse_n about_o ten_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n six_o from_o brunswic_n ten_o from_o bremen_n and_o thirteen_o from_o hamburg_n the_o word_n zell_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a kellar_n or_o our_o english_a word_n cellar_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n the_o town_n shall_v have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o i_o can_v determine_v in_o a_o old_a parchment_n deed_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1236_o which_o to_o this_o day_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v whereby_o sigefride_n count_n of_o osterburg_n make_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n to_o otho_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n we_o read_v ministeriale_n suos_fw-la tselle_fw-fr usque_fw-la breman_n and_o another_o indenture_n make_v between_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n son_n date_v a._n d._n 1203_o and_o still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n mention_n this_o town_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a name_n high_a than_o these_o time_n its_o antiquity_n can_v be_v trace_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o city_n wall_a town_n or_o only_o a_o bare_a castle_n we_o know_v not_o the_o duke_n palace_n as_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o building_n mote_v round_o and_o beautify_v with_o a_o great_a many_o pleasant_a garden_n orchard_n grotto_n etc._n etc._n be_v first_o build_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n and_o ann_n bear_v countess_n of_o nassaw_n his_o mother_n in_o the_o year_n 1485._o in_o this_o palace_n be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n v._o walstrode_n walstrode_n walstrode_n or_o walo's-cross_n at_o first_o only_o a_o monastery_n build_v by_o one_o walo_n a_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 986_o but_o afterward_o advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a town_n walo_n statue_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n with_o this_o inscription_n on_o its_o pedestal_n illustris_fw-la princeps_fw-la walo_fw-la de_fw-fr anholt_n come_v in_o aschania_n &c_n &c_n dominus_fw-la in_o berneborch_n est_fw-la fundator_fw-la huius_fw-la monasterii_fw-la it_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a valley_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o mountain_n and_o wood_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n consist_v in_o honey_n wax_n wool_n and_o beer_n harborch_n winsen_n gifhorn_n notable_a for_o a_o strong_a palace_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o like_a value_n be_v only_o just_a considerable_a enough_o to_o merit_v a_o distinct_a character_n in_o the_o map_n from_o poor_a village_n but_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o so_o remarkable_a as_o to_o deserve_v a_o a_o particular_a description_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v scarce_o any_o where_o so_o rich_a as_o that_o they_o need_v to_o wall_n in_o their_o town_n or_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o enemy_n the_o most_o notable_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o diepholt_n hoye_n and_o schawenburg_n subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v describe_v in_o the_o next_o volume_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o the_o little_a province_n which_o be_v usual_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o westphalia_n meklenburg_n ducatus_n auctore_fw-la joanne_n laurenbergio_n sumptiê°_n janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephan_n swart_a the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n although_o at_o this_o day_n geographer_n can_v hardly_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o place_n as_o mecklenburg_n from_o whence_o this_o dukedom_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n yet_o the_o german_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o small_a village_n not_o far_o from_o wismar_n which_o still_o bear_v that_o name_n be_v ancient_o a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o some_o of_o their_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o show_v we_o be_v rudera_fw-la near_o this_o place_n for_o some_o mile_n in_o compass_n j._n peter_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o village_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a city_n which_o say_v he_o be_v build_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o anthyrius_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o the_o heruli_n or_o mecklenburger_n but_o we_o know_v what_o kind_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v to_o such_o romantic_a chronologer_n as_o this_o who_o impertinent_o pretend_v to_o trace_v the_o annal_n of_o his_o country_n through_o those_o dark_a day_n of_o ignorance_n wherein_o he_o must_v necessary_o lose_v himself_o and_o truth_n cluverius_n and_o bertius_n be_v exceed_o displease_v with_o that_o universal_a humour_n of_o latin_a who_o mention_v this_o country_n of_o render_v mecklenburg_n by_o megalopolis_n or_o megapolis_n and_o the_o mecklenburger_n by_o megapolitani_n such_o etymologist_n as_o these_o say_v cluver_n be_v but_o novice_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n for_o the_o word_n mecklenburg_n be_v not_o as_o they_o imagine_v derive_v from_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n micle_n or_o mickel_n ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o ancient_a english-saxon_a monument_n and_o still_o use_v in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n but_o from_o the_o dutch_a verb_n mecklen_n whence_o meckler_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a german_n that_o inhabit_v the_o seacoast_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o proxineta_n pararius_n a_o broker_n so_o that_o mecklenburg_n have_v not_o its_o name_n as_o megalopolis_n in_o arcadia_n from_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o extent_n although_o lindebergius_n report_v it_o to_o have_v be_v above_o eight_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty_o in_o circumference_n but_o from_o the_o great_a resort_n of_o merchant_n to_o this_o place_n for_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o these_o part_n and_o the_o seat_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v of_o bilunaus_n misilaus_n mistevus_n pribislaus_n and_o several_a other_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o all_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o probable_o be_v not_o very_o numerous_a that_o trade_v in_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n keep_v their_o factor_n and_o broker_n at_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n and_o swerin_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n and_o saxon-lauwenburg_a and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o country_n have_v more_o in_o it_o of_o profit_n then_o pleasure_n commodity_n commodity_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o corn_n and_o fruit_n especial_o apple_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fowl_n and_o fish_n but_o situate_v in_o a_o air_n very_o unwholesome_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o intolerable_o sharp_a and_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n beside_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n everywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o this_o dukedom_n their_o lake_n many_o of_o which_o be_v very_o large_a afford_v they_o good_a store_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n insomuch_o that_o at_o the_o marriage-feast_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a with_o helen_n daughter_n to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n be_v serve_v up_o to_o the_o table_n five_o thousand_o bream_n all_o of_o which_o be_v fresh_a and_o new_o take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n near_o swerin_n some_o romantic_a genealogist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o the_o line_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n from_o some_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v general_n government_n government_n the_o first_o original_n of_o which_o fancy_n spring_v from_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n bear_v a_o horse_n head_n which_o these_o herald_n be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o head_n of_o bucephalus_n in_o their_o eschutceon_n and_o indeed_o the_o generality_n of_o german_a antiquary_n fetth_v their_o pedigree_n from_o anthyrius_n the_o forementioned_a founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o mecklenburg_n who_o they_o unanimous_o report_v to_o have_v live_v in_o the_o day_n of_o
the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v fetch_v by_o some_o from_o one_o luba_n a_o famous_a fisherman_n that_o heretofore_o pitch_v his_o tent_n upon_o the_o seashore_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o afterward_o the_o great_a city_n of_o lubec_n be_v build_v but_o this_o fiction_n be_v of_o the_o same_o stamp_n with_o the_o frivolous_a etymology_n with_o which_o some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v furnish_v we_o of_o britain_n from_o brutus_n and_o london_n from_o king_n lud._n other_o tell_v we_o that_o lubec_n in_o the_o old_a wendish_n tongue_n signify_v a_o crown_n and_o therefore_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o this_o town_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o preeminence_n which_o immediate_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o may_v just_o challenge_v among_o the_o other_o city_n of_o germany_n whence_o lindebergius_n allude_v to_o this_o etymology_n conclude_v his_o elogium_fw-la in_o the_o praise_n of_o lubec_n with_o this_o distich_n et_fw-la decus_fw-la europae_n &_o lumen_fw-la sit_fw-la totius_fw-la ansae_fw-la et_fw-la sit_fw-la vandalici_n pulchra_fw-la corona_n soli_fw-la but_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v what_o we_o have_v before_o mention_v that_o the_o name_n be_v true_o high-dutch_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o lobeck_a or_o ein_fw-mi eck_fw-mi des_fw-fr lobe_n a_o corner_n of_o land_n for_o upon_o such_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v situate_a commendable_a for_o something_o or_o other_o in_o it_o extraordinary_a and_o notable_a the_o polish_v historian_n particular_o j._n ludowic_n decius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o this_o great_a city_n owe_v its_o birth_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o germany_n build_v a_o fort_n and_o in_o some_o short_a time_n after_o a_o wall_a town_n in_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n upon_o which_o lubec_n stand_v but_o the_o german_n as_o vigorous_o oppose_v this_o assertion_n affirm_v that_o godschalck_n a_o certain_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o town_n a._n d._n 1040_o which_o small_a beginning_n be_v enlarge_v into_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n by_o crito_n a_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1104_o or_o as_o other_o 1087._o but_o however_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v never_o a_o city_n nor_o have_v any_o charter_n confirm_v to_o it_o before_o it_o have_v be_v once_o utter_o ruin_v and_o lay_v desolate_a by_o ratzo_n prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o and_o rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n a._n d._n 1140_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v any_o part_n of_o his_o territory_n against_o the_o victorious_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o bavaria_n henry_n ii_o surname_v the_o lion_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o lubec_n among_o the_o other_o conquer_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n afterward_o when_o success_n and_o pride_n have_v swell_v henry_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o make_v he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o to_o side_n with_o the_o pope_n in_o a_o quarrel_n against_o he_o he_o be_v by_o the_o say_a emperor_n public_o proscribe_v and_o devour_v by_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n every_o one_o lay_v hold_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o lie_v next_o he_o in_o this_o confusion_n lubec_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o but_o after_o his_o death_n restore_v to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n henry_n afterward_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o waldemar_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o brother_n to_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o citizen_n find_v themselves_o too_o severe_o treat_v by_o their_o danish_a lord_n put_v their_o city_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o who_o grant_v they_o several_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n which_o they_o have_v enjoy_v under_o their_o first_o master_n since_o that_o time_n lubec_n have_v continue_v a_o imperial_a city_n be_v always_o reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n which_o since_o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_v bishop_n of_o that_o see_v in_o the_o year_n 1596_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o that_o house_n be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o at_o oldenburg_n in_o wagerland_n and_o afterward_o remove_v hither_o with_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o by_o henry_n the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o there_o be_v not_o any_o city_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o at_o this_o day_n excel_v or_o perhaps_o can_v equalise_v lubec_n either_o in_o beauty_n or_o uniformity_n of_o its_o building_n or_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o garden_n and_o grove_n the_o street_n be_v general_o strait_a and_o even_o the_o house_n be_v all_o build_v with_o brick_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n in_o the_o year_n 1238_o a_o great_a fire_n hap'n_v in_o the_o city_n burn_v down_o many_o of_o their_o street_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o house_n make_v of_o timber_n and_o cover_v with_o thatch_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o city_n make_v a_o order_n that_o thenceforward_o no_o such_o house_n shall_v be_v build_v within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o public_a conduit_n they_o have_v water_n convey_v by_o pipe_n into_o every_o citizen_n private_a house_n according_a to_o which_o pattern_n the_o conduit_n in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n be_v first_o contrive_v the_o street_n be_v in_o several_a place_n grace_v with_o row_n of_o linden_n tree_n plant_v on_o each_o side_n the_o church_n about_o twenty_o in_o number_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o high_a steeple_n or_o spire_n especial_o the_o cathedral_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o as_o curious_a architecture_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n the_o river_n trave_n on_o which_o lubec_n be_v seat_v about_o eight_o or_o ten_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v large_a and_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v the_o large_a vessel_n that_o sail_v upon_o the_o baltic_a so_o that_o daily_a merchantman_n of_o the_o great_a bulk_n as_o well_o as_o flat_o bottom_v barge_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o with_o its_o neighbour_n hamburg_n be_v think_v to_o maintain_v near_o six_o hundred_o vessel_n in_o continual_a traffic_n the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o burgo-master_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o either_o doctor_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o some_o of_o the_o grave_n and_o experience_a nobility_n of_o the_o city_n the_o common_a council_n be_v make_v up_o of_o half_a lawyer_n and_o noble_n and_o the_o other_o half_a merchant_n their_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o handicraftsman_n two_o brother_n nor_o father_n and_o son_n to_o be_v of_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o city_n suppose_v that_o illiterate_a mechanic_n can_v hardly_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o state-affair_n as_o will_v render_v they_o fit_v for_o government_n and_o that_o near_a relation_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o side_n with_o one_o another_o and_o not_o act_v with_o such_o unbiased_a judgement_n as_o other_o that_o be_v nothing_o akin_a ii_o wismar_n wismar_n wismar_n seat_v in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o lubec_n and_o rostoc_n at_o a_o equal_a distance_n namely_o seven_o german_a or_o one_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o both_o those_o city_n cromer_z and_o vapovius_fw-la zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o country_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o one_o wissimir_n its_o founder_n who_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v a_o polish_v prince_n descend_v from_o their_o great_a duke_n lechus_n the_o ground_n of_o their_o story_n they_o borrow_v from_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o report_n that_o wissimirus_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n march_v with_o a_o good_a army_n into_o denmark_n and_o there_o slay_v siward_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o at_o his_o return_n build_v wismar_n now_o these_o man_n imagine_v that_o princeps_fw-la vandalicus_n and_o vendicus_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n conclude_v present_o that_o this_o wissimir_n must_v certain_o have_v be_v a_o pole_n and_o then_o the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v do_v he_o be_v to_o bring_v he_o from_o the_o loin_n of_o lechus_n whereas_o grant_v the_o main_a part_n of_o crantzius_n story_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v undoubted_o false_a that_o wismar_n be_v indeed_o build_v by_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o
d._n 1066_o be_v martyr_v by_o the_o wendish_n apostate_n in_o these_o part_n after_o his_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a death_n for_o his_o murderer_n be_v report_v to_o have_v cut_v of_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o miserable_a condition_n to_o have_v leave_v he_o alive_a for_o some_o day_n the_o seat_n be_v vacant_a for_o 83_o or_o 84_o year_n until_o eberhard_n be_v send_v hither_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o man_n successor_n bruno_n berno_n or_o benno_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o swerin_n when_o henry_n the_o lion_n by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o have_v build_v a_o new_a cathedral_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o considerable_a revenue_n some_o of_o the_o mecklenburgish_a historian_n report_v that_o much_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o new_a cathedral_n the_o say_a duke_n henry_n cause_v the_o infidel_n mecklenburger_n to_o be_v drive_v by_o thousand_o into_o the_o swerin-sea_n at_o a_o place_n not_o far_o from_o fichel_n which_o from_o so_o remarkable_a a_o passage_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o die_n dope_n or_o the_o font_n where_o they_o be_v all_o baptize_v by_o bishop_n benno_n from_o this_o benno_n there_o continue_v a_o uninterrupted_a succession_n of_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n who_o nevertheless_o keep_v their_o usual_a residence_n at_o butzow_n a_o fort_n and_o considerable_a town_n not_o far_o from_o gustrow_n until_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o bishopric_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o temporal_a principality_n and_o give_v up_o to_o adolph_n frideric_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o city_n be_v keep_v the_o residence_n of_o christian-lewis_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n swerin_n who_o be_v bear_v the_o first_o of_o december_n 1623._o and_o by_o be_v educate_v in_o france_n and_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o romanist_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o he_o still_o profess_v he_o marry_v at_o first_o his_o cousin_n german_n christina-margaret_n daughter_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o widow_n of_o francis_n albert_n duke_n of_o saxen-lawenburg_a but_o have_v upon_o some_o discontent_n get_v himself_o divorce_v from_o she_o he_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v in_o france_n a._n d._n 1653_o to_o elizabeth_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n widow_n of_o gaspard_n de_fw-fr coligny_n duke_n of_o chastillon_n and_o sister_n to_o francis-henry_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n piney_n v._o gustrow_n a_o well_o fortify_v town_n gustrow_n gustrow_n about_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n but_o remarkable_a for_o little_a or_o nothing_o save_o the_o residence_n of_o gustave-adolph_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-gustrow_a only_a son_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o eleonor-mary_n princess_n of_o anhalt_n he_o be_v bear_v the_o six_o and_o twenty_o of_o february_n a._n d._n 1633_o and_o breed_v up_o a_o lutheran_n of_o which_o persuasion_n he_o still_o continue_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o as_o great_a learning_n as_o gallantry_n and_o equal_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o religion_n in_o the_o school_n and_o field_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o we_o fetch_v the_o word_n pomeren_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o high-dutch_a or_o slavonian_a language_n since_o pomeer_n in_o the_o former_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o pomercze_v in_o the_o latter_a i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_a upon_o the_o seashore_n such_o as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v know_v to_o be_v that_o the_o slavonian_a tongue_n be_v once_o common_o speak_v in_o this_o country_n appear_v from_o the_o termination_n of_o several_a name_n of_o great_a town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n as_o bugslaw_n wratislaw_n witslaw_n etc._n etc._n and_o historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v many_o year_n subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o first_o annex_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n the_o whole_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v ancient_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o pomeren_n or_o pomerland_n be_v of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o present_a dukedom_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v in_o eastward_o all_o casubia_n and_o pomerellia_n but_o afterward_o this_o vast_a country_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o back-pomerland_n for_o by_o this_o name_n it_o be_v ancient_o distinguish_v from_o the_o present_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v call_v fore-pomerland_n be_v give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v towards_o the_o south_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o first_o in_o the_o vcker_n marck_n not_o only_o prentzlow_v angermund_n aderberg_n schweet_a and_o vierraden_n but_o also_o stargard_n and_o friedland_n be_v both_o subject_n to_o that_o duke_n until_o the_o whole_a vcker-marck_n be_v give_v to_o john_n i_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o barminus_n i_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o a_o portion_n with_o his_o daughter_n and_o though_o prentzlow_v with_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n be_v afterward_o wrest_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o long_o keep_v their_o hold_n but_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v back_o their_o conquest_n the_o mecklenburger_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o friedland_n and_o have_v once_o take_v possession_n can_v never_o be_v beat_v out_o again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o other_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o new-marck_n be_v under_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n dominion_n as_o part_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o stetin_n westward_o pomeren_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o warna_n and_o rostock_n be_v almost_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n last_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n reach_v much_o far_o northwards_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o by_o degree_n swallow_v up_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o dominion_n the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v anon_o be_v think_v to_o be_v scarce_o half_a so_o large_a as_o it_o be_v former_o and_o some_o whole_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a be_v at_o this_o day_n cover_v with_o the_o wave_n which_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v as_o habitable_a country_n so_o that_o pomeren_n though_o at_o this_o day_n only_o a_o small_a dukedom_n nay_o indeed_o no_o more_o than_o a_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n yet_o may_v ancient_o have_v pass_v for_o a_o kingdom_n and_o its_o duke_n have_v vied_z territory_n with_o most_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o europe_n at_o present_v the_o country_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v a_o long_a and_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n division_n division_n extend_v itself_o from_o east_n to_o west_n along_o the_o baltic_a shore_n which_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n and_o wolgast_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o cosslin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o old_a stetin_n stargard_n stolpe_n greiffenberg_n treptow_n upon_o the_o rega_n rugenwald_n pyritz_n schlawe_n golnow_v gartz_n wollin_n camin_n belgarten_n new_a stetin_n sam_n zanew_v and_o pohlitz_n together_o with_o the_o fort_n of_o sazigk_n zachan_n jacobshagen_a fridrichwald_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o be_v fomer_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o lavenburg_n and_o butou_n both_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o last_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o wolgast_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n gripswald_n anklam_n demin_n pasewalk_n greiffenhagen_n wolgast_n barth_n trubsees_n grimmon_n damgarten_n vckermund_n loytz_n gutzkow_n franckenburg_n richtenberg_n lassen_n and_o new_a warp_n with_o the_o fort_n of_o weissen_n klempenau_n lindenberg_n and_o torgelou_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o province_n be_v usual_o comprise_v the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n vsedom_n and_o some_o other_o upon_o these_o coast_n there_o be_v every_o where_o almost_o large_a and_o navigable_a river_n in_o pomeren_n lake_n river_n and_o lake_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o the_o fruit_n and_o good_a thing_n of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o also_o have_v a_o great_a convenience_n of_o fortify_v their_o city_n and_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o as_o these_o be_v 1._o the_o rekenitz_n which_o separate_v this_o country_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n make_v a_o kind_n
of_o ocean_n near_o damgarten_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a at_o dars_n 2._o the_o bar_n which_o spring_v near_o stralsund_v spread_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o bardt_n a_o city_n borrow_v its_o name_n from_o this_o river_n and_o soon_o after_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o baltic_a 3._o the_o famous_a other_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v pass_v gartz_n and_o grieffenhagen_n and_o be_v come_v into_o pomeren_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n or_o arm_n embrace_v therein_o many_o large_a and_o fair_a meadow_n whereof_o some_o be_v above_o two_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v by_o stetin_n it_o dilate_v itself_o first_o into_o the_o dammish_a sea_n or_o lake_n then_o into_o the_o damantzke_n and_o pfaffenwasser_n as_o the_o native_n call_v it_o and_o at_o last_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o zegenorth_n and_o schwantevitz_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a freshwater_n ocean_n know_v to_o the_o neighbourhood_n by_o the_o name_n of_o das_n gross_a frische_n haff_n extend_v itself_o above_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o as_o many_o in_o length_n this_o huge_a lake_n afterward_o disembogue_n itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o three_o current_n which_o make_v as_o many_o safe_a harbour_n the_o divenow_n swine_n and_o penemunde_n for_o ship_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n to_o stetin_n betwixt_o the_o peene_n and_o swine_n lie_v the_o island_n of_o vsedom_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n of_o wollin_n lie_v enclose_v by_o the_o swine_n and_o divenow_n beside_o these_o and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o other_o river_n which_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n this_o dukedom_n afford_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o stand_a lake_n as_o at_o new_a stetin_n lukow_n sukow_n verschem_n dersenten_n penckun_n with_o many_o other_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o reader_n will_v easy_o conclude_v fish_n fish_n that_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n a_o country_n as_o rich_a in_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o any_o principality_n of_o a_o equal_a extent_n in_o europe_n but_o yet_o the_o strange_a story_n which_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n relate_v of_o the_o extravagant_a plenty_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v a_o little_a stagger_v his_o faith_n they_o tell_v we_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o year_n above_o five_o thousand_o rixdollar_n which_o allow_v four_a shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n english_a for_o each_o rixdollar_n will_v i_o be_o afraid_a amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o the_o whole_a yearly_a revenue_n which_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v out_o of_o pomeren_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n treasury_n out_o of_o a_o six_o penny_n custom_n demand_v upon_o all_o fish_n catch_v in_o the_o great_a haff_n below_o stetin_n and_o a_o three_o penny_n one_o upon_o those_o take_v in_o the_o lake_n at_o lassan_n they_o add_v that_o although_o yearly_o 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the_o country_n be_v in_o most_o place_n exceed_v sandy_a and_o barren_a soil_n nature_n of_o the_o soil_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o the_o little_a crop_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v sow_o in_o the_o field_n near_o dam_n golnow_v vckermund_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n be_v sudden_o overwhelm_v and_o stifle_v by_o huge_a drift_n of_o sand_n from_o the_o shore_n howbeit_o you_o may_v here_o and_o there_o meet_v with_o a_o fruitful_a field_n especial_o near_o the_o city_n pyritz_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o rich_a valley_n which_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n so_o plentiful_o that_o seldom_o any_o corn_n be_v bring_v into_o pomeren_n out_o of_o foreign_a nation_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a great_a quantity_n in_o some_o fruitful_a year_n be_v export_v thence_o they_o have_v very_o few_o mountain_n of_o any_o considerable_a height_n but_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n as_o deer_n wild_a boar_n hare_n fox_n wolf_n wild_a horse_n bull_n and_o bevers_n beside_o the_o lake_n and_o forest_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n and_o land-fowl_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o they_o pretend_v to_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o twentytwo_a different_a kind_n of_o wild_a duck_n beside_o the_o conveniency_n and_o pleasure_n already_o mention_v commodity_n commodity_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v provide_v for_o almost_o with_o all_o other_o necessary_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o own_o territory_n that_o nature_n require_v and_o the_o ship_n of_o stetin_n stralsund_n and_o other_o town_n of_o trade_n bring_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o foreign_a nation_n to_o satisfy_v the_o demand_n of_o luxury_n no_o province_n in_o germany_n afford_v great_a quanties_n nor_o more_o different_a sort_n of_o fruit_n than_o pomeren_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n do_v not_o at_o all_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o plant_n of_o vineyard_n beer_n beer_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v their_o wine_n will_v prove_v but_o very_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a such_o as_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n afford_v of_o which_o hereafter_o however_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o supply_v by_o those_o vast_a number_n of_o merchant-ship_n which_o come_v hither_o lade_v with_o the_o wine_n of_o other_o country_n beside_o shall_v the_o inhabitant_n which_o can_v now_o hardly_o be_v hope_v for_o grow_v so_o temperate_a as_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o import_v the_o luxurious_a liquor_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o drink_v of_o their_o own_o land_n they_o will_v quick_o experience_n as_o many_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o beer_n in_o pomeren_n such_o be_v the_o bitter_a beer_n of_o stetin_n the_o mum_o of_o gripswald_n the_o buckhenger_n as_o they_o term_v it_o we_o may_v english_a it_o knock-down_a of_o wollin_n with_o many_o other_o which_o be_v by_o the_o mariner_n transport_v into_o other_o nation_n and_o therefore_o look_v upon_o as_o questionless_a they_o be_v preferable_a to_o most_o wine_n they_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o metal_n in_o any_o of_o their_o mountain_n mineral_n mineral_n except_o only_o some_o few_o mine_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n in_o some_o place_n the_o sea_n cast_v up_o amber_n but_o not_o in_o such_o quantity_n as_o in_o prussia_n so_o that_o here_o any_o man_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o pick_v up_o and_o sell_v as_o much_o amber_n as_o he_o can_v find_v which_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n in_o preussen_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v nova_fw-la illustrissimi_fw-la ducatus_n pomeraniae_fw-la tabula_fw-la antea_fw-la à _fw-la viro_fw-la cl._n d._n d._n eilhardo_n lubino_n edita_fw-la nunc_fw-la iterum_fw-la correcta_fw-la per_fw-la frid._n palbitzke_n pomer_n l._n l._n studiosum_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a bugislaus_n junior_a fourteen_o pomeraniae_fw-la dux_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbes_fw-la urbes_fw-la cum_fw-la arcibus_fw-la ducalibus_fw-la pagiâ—_n though_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n the_o rugii_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reudigni_n longididuni_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v for_o many_o century_n govern_v by_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a as_o to_o any_o satisfactory_a register_n of_o their_o name_n and_o action_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o pomeren_n who_o we_o meet_v with_o upon_o good_a record_n be_v barnimus_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a and_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o gryphones_n often_o mention_v in_o their_o annal_n and_o so_o call_v probable_o from_o the_o gryphin_n their_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v govern_v in_o the_o year_n 933._o his_o grandson_n suantiberus_n divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n bugislaus_fw-la and_o
the_o great_a trade_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n in_o salt_n copper_n kettles_n pot_n wire_n etc._n etc._n considerable_o enrich_v and_o augment_v though_o the_o imperial_a city_n goslar_n be_v whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o can_v proper_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n subject_a to_o those_o prince_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v situate_a in_o this_o country_n and_o whole_o environ_v with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n goose_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v here_o the_o emperor_n build_v himself_o a_o palace_n in_o which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v his_o usual_a residence_n this_o palace_n say_v the_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v proper_o name_v goslar_n which_o name_n afterward_o communicate_v to_o the_o town_n build_v round_o about_o it_o for_o the_o termination_n lar_n laer_fw-mi lager_n signify_v no_o more_o say_v they_o than_o a_o dwell_a house_n and_o consequent_o goslar_n must_v denote_v such_o a_o single_a apartment_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n goose_n the_o citizen_n of_o goslar_n enjoy_v as_o many_o and_o large_a privilege_n almost_o as_o any_o other_o immediate_a subject_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o imperial_a writ_n and_o letter_n direct_v to_o they_o they_o be_v style_v nobile_fw-la membrum_fw-la imperii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v exempt_a from_o pay_v toll_n in_o any_o market_n in_o the_o empire_n except_o three_o all_o the_o house_n in_o this_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glitter_a kind_n of_o slat_n which_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n but_o enough_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o traveller_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o miner_n and_o the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v in_o dig_v cleanse_v temper_v and_o vend_v all_o manner_n of_o metal_n except_o gold_n and_o a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o choice_a mineral_n of_o the_o country_n such_o as_o vitriol_n brimtone_n quicksilver_n copperas_n etc._n etc._n episcopatus_n hildesiensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la authore_fw-la joanne_n gigante_n d._n med._n et_fw-fr math._n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanun_n swart_a avita_n fide_fw-la the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n whence_o the_o city_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o bishopric_n come_v to_o be_v so_o call_v be_v not_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o by_o their_o own_o etymologist_n some_o of_o they_o read_v the_o word_n bildesheim_n and_o fetch_v its_o original_n from_o the_o virgin_n mary_n picture_n in_o their_o language_n belde_n with_o some_o other_o relic_n which_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a at_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o diocese_n have_v hang_v upon_o a_o tree_n near_o this_o place_n and_o return_v can_v not_o pull_v they_o off_o again_o other_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v hildeschnee_n i.e._n the_o lord_n snow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o great_a snow_n which_o fall_v the_o night_n that_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n lodge_v in_o this_o place_n cover_v all_o the_o earth_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o a_o foot_n deep_a except_v only_o the_o place_n where_o the_o cathedral_n now_o stand_v which_o remain_v dry_a and_o untouched_a but_o these_o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o scrap_n of_o old_a legend_n and_o the_o ridiculous_a and_o idle_a fancy_n of_o illiterate_a monk_n it_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a what_o some_o historian_n of_o note_n have_v record_v that_o the_o say_a emperor_n name_v this_o city_n after_o his_o mother_n hildegard_n for_o hilda_n or_o hille_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o hildegard_n as_o well_o as_o saunder_n of_o alexander_n fritze_n of_o frideric_n metta_n of_o mechtildis_n ilse_n of_o elizabeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o instead_o of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n the_o rustic_n say_v hillsem_n when_o gunther_n a_o poor_a priest_n of_o eltze_n be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 822_o this_o diocese_n be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a extent_n but_o in_o after_o age_n the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n schladen_n poppenburg_n peine_fw-fr woldenberg_n hundsrucken_v and_o lewenstein_n be_v annex_v to_o it_o the_o last_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o the_o whole_a bishopric_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o although_o the_o citixen_n at_o present_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o their_o church_n pay_v homage_n to_o maximilian-henry_n government_n government_n elector_n of_o collen_n as_o their_o bishop_n yet_o the_o last_o duke_n of_o hannover_n quarter_v his_o great_a army_n during_o the_o late_a broil_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o diocese_n without_o the_o leave_n and_o doubtless_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o present_a duke_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o whole_a diocese_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v occasion_n nor_o needs_o he_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o such_o a_o pretence_n in_o so_o do_v we_o know_v into_o what_o strait_n eric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n bring_v john_n iv_o and_o forty-sixth_a bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1523_o when_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o bare_a city_n of_o hildesheim_n with_o the_o three_o inconsiderable_a fort_n of_o peyne_n steurwald_n and_o marienborg_n and_o that_o for_o several_a year_n after_o these_o territory_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v subject_a to_o duke_n eric_n successor_n so_o that_o all_o that_o hinder_v the_o potent_a duke_n ernestus_n from_o re-enter_v upon_o these_o rich_a possession_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v either_o his_o exemplary_a fidelity_n in_o a_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1653_o wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o this_o diocese_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o collen_n as_o administrator_n of_o hildesheim_n or_o else_o we_o must_v ascribe_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o delay_n to_o his_o generous_a temper_n in_o scorn_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o present_a calamitous_a estate_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n the_o town_n of_o hildesheim_n though_o usual_o divide_v into_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n look_v all_o of_o it_o very_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a hildesheim_n hildesheim_n but_o otherwise_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o be_v great_a or_o splendid_a in_o the_o cathedral_n may_v be_v see_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o large_a account_n the_o great_a corn-trade_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o raise_v the_o burgher_n of_o hildesheim_n to_o that_o pitch_n as_o to_o obtain_v so_o honourable_a a_o place_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o hans-town_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o traffic_n which_o still_o maintain_v their_o grandeur_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o burgher_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o indeed_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v lutheran_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v upon_o a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o citizen_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1552_o whereupon_o the_o former_a call_v in_o john_n bugenhagen_n ant._n corvin_n and_o henry_n winkel_n three_o lutheran_n preacher_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n draw_v after_o they_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o town_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n abovementioned_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v not_o be_v open_o teach_v or_o profess_v in_o this_o bishopric_n beyond_o such_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n but_o that_o article_n be_v repeal_v and_o make_v invalid_a by_o a_o clause_n in_o the_o general_a treaty_n of_o westphalia_n 648._o the_o best_a catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o can_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o the_o many_o different_a some_o imperfect_a and_o most_o false_a account_v give_v of_o they_o by_o the_o german_a historian_n be_v as_o follow_v elshop_n elshop_n 1._o gunther_n founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n cecil_n church_n he_o die_v a._n d._n 835._o 2._o frembert_n who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o month_n after_o his_o instalment_n 3_o ebc_n a_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v suspend_v from_o the_o
archbishopric_n of_o rheims_n fie_v to_o ansgar_a archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n by_o who_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n he_o govern_v the_o church_n twelve_o year_n 4._o alfred_n founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o asvelde_n and_o seligensted_n he_o be_v bishop_n eighteen_o year_n 5._o marquard_n slay_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n a._n d._n 880._o who_o in_o his_o day_n overrun_v saxony_n westphalia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o 6._o wigbert_n a_o better_a physician_n than_o divine_a who_o leave_v no_o monument_n behind_o he_o but_o a_o small_a book_n of_o medicinal_a receipt_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 884._o 7._o walbert_n of_o who_o little_o more_o be_v record_v then_o that_o he_o be_v bishop_n and_o die_v a._n d._n 903._o 8._o sehard_n who_o be_v two_o and_o twenty_o year_n bishop_n 9_o deuthard_n he_o give_v the_o communion-table_n of_o gold_n still_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 936._o 10._o ochwin_n abbot_n of_o perge_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v present_v to_o this_o church_n as_o a_o holy_a relic_n the_o body_n of_o epiphanius_n he_o govern_v 28_o year_n 11._o osdach_n 12._o gerhard_n who_o annex_v the_o two_o village_n of_o algermissen_n and_o silbrechthusen_v to_o the_o diocese_n 13._o bernhard_n count_n of_o sommerschenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n michael_n monastery_n 14._o gothard_n founder_n of_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n and_o monastery_n 15._o dithmar_n 16._o aziline_n or_o anselm_n 17._o heziline_n who_o some_o historian_n call_v echilo_n other_o hezel_n or_o wezel_n 18._o vdo_fw-la 19_o bruning_n 20._o berthold_n 21._o bernhard_n count_n of_o rotenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n gotthard_n monastery_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o predecessor_n of_o that_o name_n he_o annex_v the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n to_o this_o bishopric_n 22._o bruno_n 23._o herman_n 24._o adelgad_a 25._o berno_n 26._o conrade_n i._n 27._o heribert_n 28._o sigefride_n 29._o conrade_n ii_o founder_n of_o six_o monastery_n and_o nunnery_n whereof_o three_o be_v build_v in_o hildesheim_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o franckberg_n near_o goslar_n wulfinghausen_n and_o wintzhausen_n 30._o henry_n 31._o john_n who_o annex_v to_o his_o bishopric_n the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o peine_fw-fr 32._o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lune_fw-fr burg_v who_o throw_v the_o count_n of_o woldenberg_n out_o or_o their_o estate_n annex_v they_o to_o his_o own_o diocese_n 33._o sigefride_n count_n of_o quernford_n founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gruncw_n and_o a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o sarstede_n and_o levenburg_n 34._o henry_n duke_n of_o waldenberge_n who_o enlarge_v the_o diocese_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o county_n of_o damsel_n 35._o otto_n ii_o by_o who_o be_v add_v bockelem_n latter_a barenberg_n and_o the_o county_n of_o pfaffenburg_n now_o poppenburg_n to_o the_o bishopric_n 36._o henry_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o give_v to_o the_o diocese_n the_o county_n of_o schladen_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o widenlage_n and_o woldenstein_n 37._o john_n schadeband_n 38._o gerhard_n baron_n of_o berge_n near_o minden_n of_o who_o buntingus_n report_v that_o he_o cover_v the_o tower_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o hildesheim_n with_o beat_a gold_n instead_o of_o lead_n 39_o john_n the_o three_o earl_n of_o hoya_n 40._o magnus_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a who_o give_v the_o town_n of_o grune_n and_o hamelen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o homburg_n 41._o bernhard_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n 42._o ernest_n count_n of_o schavenburg_n 43._o henning_n 44._o barthold_n 45._o eric_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a 46._o john_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n eric_n this_o bishop_n lose_v more_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n then_o all_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bestow_v on_o the_o bishopric_n 47._o balthasar_z merklin_n a_o doctor_n of_o law_n and_o deputy-chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._n 48._o otto_n iii_o count_n of_o schowenburg_n 49._o valentine_n von_fw-mi thereleben_n a_o doctor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n who_o sue_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o emperor_n court_n and_o recover_v back_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o lose_a bishopric_n 50._o frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n 51._o burchard_n some_o say_v nicolas_n von_n oberg_n 52._o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n 53._o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n archbishop_n and_o elector_n of_o collen_n 54._o maximilian-henry_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o collen_n and_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n bear_v duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o other_o town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n be_v 1._o peina_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o river_n fuse_n about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o brunswic_n the_o town_n itself_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a but_o the_o castle_n mention_v by_o latin_a author_n under_o the_o name_n of_o castrum_n poynum_n and_o represent_v as_o the_o chief_a bulwark_n of_o this_o bishopric_n be_v mount_v on_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o peina_n be_v fight_v a_o famous_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n 1553_o betwixt_o maurice_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v conqueror_n and_o the_o former_a slay_v 2._o marienborg_n a_o fort_n not_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o hildesheim_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o innerste_fw-mi it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o bishop_n henry_n iii_o when_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n by_o the_o too_o powerful_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n 3._o poppenburg_n 4._o dassel_n 5._o bokenem_fw-la 6._o woldenburg_n with_o some_o other_o all_o of_o they_o chief_a town_n in_o so_o many_o county_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o of_o little_a other_o consequence_n episcopatus_n halberstadensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nova_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la jâ—â—â—sonis-waesbergione_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n 〈◊〉_d stephan_n swart_a the_o principality_n of_o halberstad_n irenicus_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o city_n of_o halberstad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o principapality_n be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mention_v by_o ptolemy_n this_o conjecture_n though_o never_o confirm_v by_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o reason_n be_v embrace_v by_o appian_n a_o author_n not_o much_o give_v to_o mistake_n but_o whence_o it_o get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o bertius_fw-la a_o learned_a geographer_n but_o one_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a rely_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o bruschius_n and_o schopper_n derive_v the_o word_n from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n elb_n and_o ora_n neither_o of_o which_o come_v near_o this_o city_n dresser_n read_v the_o word_n albertistatt_fw-mi and_o werdenhagen_n with_o the_o most_o probability_n on_o his_o side_n guess_v from_o the_o imperfect_a foundation_n of_o as_o much_o build_n as_o be_v now_o stand_v still_o to_o be_v see_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v never_o finish_v that_o its_o name_n be_v right_o at_o first_o give_v it_o halbe-statt_a or_o half_o a_o city_n this_o principality_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour-province_n and_o excel_v the_o most_o of_o they_o for_o pleasant_a forest_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n the_o large_a park_n in_o it_o be_v the_o hackel_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n and_z giving_z name_n to_o the_o ancient_a barony_n of_o hackelborn_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n on_o the_o north-west_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fenny_a bog_n and_o marsh_n for_o some_o mile_n over_o which_o they_o have_v dam_n throw_v up_o and_o upon_o they_o highway_n lead_v to_o helmstadt_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n halberstadt_n which_o be_v only_o turn_v into_o a_o principality_n by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o salingstatt_n call_v afterward_o ostrowick_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o but_o soon_o after_o with_o permission_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v remove_v to_o this_o place_n by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n who_o be_v succeed_v in_o his_o diocese_n by_o the_o follow_a prelate_n 2._o dietgrine_n 3._o haymo_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 827_o leave_v behind_o he_o large_a commentary_n on_o the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n some_o whereof_z be_v still_o extant_a 4._o hildegrine_n the_o second_o 5._o evelp_v 6._o sigismond_n monk_n of_o hirsaug_n 7._o bernhard_n burggrave_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o hadmersheim_n 8._o hildeward_n count_n of_o warlow_n 9_o arnold_n 10._o brantho_n 11._o burcard_n count_n of_o woburg_n bernard_n bucho_n 13._o dietmar_n 14._o harrand_v who_o some_o author_n call_v stephen_n 15._o reinhard_n who_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o welpho_n and_o rout_v his_o
you_o may_v meet_v large_a vineyard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o grape_n out_o of_o which_o be_v press_v a_o much_o more_o palatable_a sort_n of_o wine_n then_o can_v be_v have_v in_o any_o part_n of_o saxony_n or_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n among_o the_o many_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o herb_n wherewith_o the_o field_n and_o forest_n as_o well_o as_o garden_n of_o thuringen_n abound_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n be_v wild_a saffron_n and_o woad_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o dyer_n in_o their_o best_a blew_n and_o sky-colour_n and_o with_o which_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o cesar_n inform_v we_o be_v use_v to_o paint_v themselves_o near_a sangerhausen_n and_o salfeld_n have_v sometime_o be_v dug_n up_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o silver_n over_o and_o at_o franckenhausen_n saltzungen_n and_o sultza_n they_o have_v still_o rich_a salt-pit_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n werra_n vnstrut_v hiera_n ilm_n leina_fw-la schwertze_n wipper_n helbe_n rahna_n helme_n lossa_n and_o giessel_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a great_a lake_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o their_o mountain_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o weissensee_n and_o schwansee_n the_o boar_n of_o thuringen_n be_v a_o rough_a and_o unhew'n_a sort_n of_o people_n downright_a clown_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n and_o so_o far_o stranger_n to_o courtship_n and_o breed_n that_o they_o be_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v acquaint_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o humanity_n they_o hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o order_n among_o they_o and_o be_v possible_o the_o only_a german_n that_o be_v uncivil_a to_o traveller_n the_o thuringer_n upon_o their_o first_o appearance_n in_o these_o part_n government_n government_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o continue_v in_o this_o estate_n till_o their_o whole_a land_n be_v overrun_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o franc_n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n king_n pepin_n who_o first_o root_v out_o paganism_n and_o plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o govern_v it_o by_o several_a deputy_n and_o lieutenant_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thuringen_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o county_n and_o barony_n or_o lordship_n such_o be_v the_o county_n of_o schwartzburg_n kirchberg_n kefernburg_n schoneberg_n gleichen_n sangerhausen_n etc._n etc._n the_o lordship_n of_o franckenstein_n saltza_n heldrungen_n dreffert_n apolda_n vargila_n etc._n etc._n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n ludowic_n count_n of_o schoneberg_n get_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o thuringen_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o his_o grandchild_n prevail_v with_o lotharius_n ii_o to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o count_n into_o landtgrave_n in_o this_o line_n the_o honour_n continue_v till_o the_o death_n of_o herman_n landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o hessen_n in_o the_o year_n 1226._o whereupon_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n get_v possession_n of_o hessen_n and_o thuringen_n fall_v to_o henry_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n erfurt_n the_o metropolis_n of_o thuringen_n erfurt_n erfurt_n and_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o germany_n be_v think_v by_o bertius_fw-la and_o other_o learned_a geographer_n to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o erfa_n a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n near_o thirty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o have_v be_v jerafurt_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ferry_n over_o the_o river_n jera_fw-fr on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v three_o barony_n and_o seventy-two_a fair_a village_n subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o erfurt_n so_o that_o the_o country_n rustic_n have_v some_o reason_n for_o that_o proverbial_a say_n in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o erfurt_n be_v not_o a_o city_n but_o a_o country_n when_o this_o great_a city_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a as_o coln_n and_o as_o beautiful_a be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o ancient_a city_n for_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o epistle_n write_v by_o that_o prelate_n to_o pope_n zachary_n wherein_o we_o meet_v with_o these_o word_n unam_fw-la esse_fw-la sedem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la in_o castello_n quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la wurtzburg_n &_o alteram_fw-la in_o oppido_fw-la quod_fw-la nominatur_fw-la buriburg_n perhaps_o nuriburg_n tertiam_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la qui_fw-la dicitur_fw-la erphesfurt_n qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la paganorum_fw-la the_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abundant_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a wine_n vast_a multitude_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v maintain_v by_o gather_v and_o dress_v the_o herb_n woad_n before_o mention_v which_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o most_o field_n near_o erfurt_n this_o and_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o town_n corn_n wine_n etc._n etc._n be_v carry_v off_o at_o two_o great_a fair_n in_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v hold_v the_o week_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n and_o the_o other_o at_o martinmass_n weimar_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n weimar_n weimar_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o erfurt_n and_o jena_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o call_v weinmarckt_v from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n sell_v daily_o at_o this_o town_n it_o be_v questionless_a a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n since_o as_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o thuringen_n witness_n the_o emperor_n otho_n ii_o hold_v a_o general_a diet_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 975._o the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o landgrave_n palace_n a_o regular_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o building_n the_o city_n of_o jena_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n jena_n jena_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o univesity_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v just_o be_v reckon_v the_o three_o in_o thuringen_n some_o german_a etymologist_n will_v have_v this_o town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o grape_n or_o vineyard_n about_o it_o they_o tell_v we_o jain_n signify_v wine_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o too_o it_o be_v probable_a say_v they_o that_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n but_o this_o conjecture_n have_v as_o little_a of_o probability_n in_o it_o as_o that_o fancy_n of_o some_o other_o who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a god_n janus_n since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o grow_v any_o vine_n near_o this_o place_n foam_n century_n ago_o or_o that_o ever_o the_o jew_n be_v master_n of_o it_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a a_o well_o compact_a piece_n and_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o turret_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o john_n frideric_n elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o procure_v for_o it_o many_o brave_a and_o large_a privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o but_o this_o good_a prince_n never_o live_v to_o finish_v the_o work_n he_o have_v begin_v but_o upon_o his_o deathbed_n commit_v that_o charge_n to_o his_o son_n who_o get_v the_o forementioned_a privilege_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v never_o want_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o eminent_a professor_n and_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o faculty_n in_o this_o university_n among_o who_o the_o great_a j._n lipsius_n be_v one_o a_o man_n sufficient_a of_o himself_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o of_o his_o learned_a colleague_n to_o eternize_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v here_o a_o library_n give_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o daily_o augment_v but_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n gotha_n the_o five_o great_a town_n in_o thuringen_n gotha_n gotha_n seat_v on_o the_o leina_fw-la be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o old_a gothic_a troop_n on_o their_o march_n through_o this_o country_n towards_o italy_n and_o by_o they_o to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o gotha_n give_v it_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v only_o a_o mean_a village_n such_o as_o may_v just_o serve_v for_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a
of_o residence_n of_o the_o count_n regent_n be_v eisleben_n which_o have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o eysenach_n eissfeld_n eysenberg_n and_o other_o neighbour_a town_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron-ore_n which_o the_o native_n call_v eysen_v find_v in_o these_o part_n and_o not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a goddess_n isis_n who_o as_o some_o legendary_a historian_n tell_v we_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n osiris_n be_v in_o a_o melancholy_a humour_n wander_v into_o this_o country_n and_o give_v she_o own_o name_n to_o several_a of_o the_o town_n in_o which_o she_o sojourn_v the_o most_o notable_a thing_n which_o the_o german_a historian_n have_v record_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o their_o megalander_n martin_n luther_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1483_o and_o here_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o year_n 1564._o over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o citizen_n take_v care_n to_o set_v up_o his_o picture_n in_o 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be_v usual_a with_o every_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n to_o make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o such_o different_a sense_n be_v that_o word_n use_v by_o they_o that_o we_o shall_v scarce_o meet_v with_o two_o of_o they_o that_o mean_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o saxony_n now_o the_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o uncertain_a bound_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o the_o division_n of_o their_o land_n into_o so_o many_o petty_a tribe_n and_o province_n who_o be_v all_o ambitious_a of_o appropriate_v the_o name_n of_o saxon_n to_o themselves_o albinus_n say_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o saxony_n be_v on_o the_o east_n the_o elb_n on_o the_o west_n the_o embs_n on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o north_n denmark_n but_o ptolomey_n confine_v that_o nation_n within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n henry_n the_o lion_n territory_n reach_v from_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o rhine_n and_o from_o the_o baltic_a down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n this_o whole_a tract_n be_v more_o immediate_o divide_v into_o the_o low_a and_o upper_a saxony_n of_o the_o former_a whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o late_a be_v sometime_o comprehend_v beside_o the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n or_o chur-sachsen_a as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n voitlandia_n thuringen_n the_o whole_a hercynian_a forest_n the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n with_o some_o more_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o in_o this_o place_n we_o only_o understand_v the_o upper_a saxony_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o that_o small_a province_n which_o give_v the_o elector_n the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o saxony_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a lusatia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n and_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n this_o small_a province_n come_v to_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o saxony_n upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n be_v grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o oblige_v the_o emperor_n to_o depose_v he_o and_o to_o divide_v his_o territory_n among_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n many_o of_o who_o by_o their_o good_a service_n have_v deserve_v large_a recompense_n at_o his_o hand_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v the_o only_a dominion_n continue_v to_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o depose_a prince_n the_o low_a part_n of_o westphalia_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o coln_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o above_o the_o weser_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o paderbourn_n and_o a_o three_o be_v give_v to_o herman_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v make_v master_n of_o another_o portion_n of_o this_o large_a dukedom_n and_o several_a of_o the_o hans-town_n be_v make_v imperial_a and_o subject_v to_o a_o government_n of_o their_o own_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n who_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n have_v create_v duke_n elector_n in_o the_o room_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n but_o the_o territory_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n and_o some_o of_o that_o too_o as_o the_o city_n of_o wittenberg_n be_v before_o assign_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o however_o it_o be_v order_v that_o these_o narrow_a dominion_n shall_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ober-sax_n or_o the_o upper_a saxony_n give_v they_o and_o that_o wittenberg_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o be_v the_o electoral_a city_n the_o county_n be_v tolerable_o well_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n soil_n soil_n but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n misnia_n and_o thuringen_n though_o the_o hill_n here_o afford_v some_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o metal_n yet_o the_o country_n will_v scarce_o yield_v so_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v still_o strict_a observer_n of_o the_o ancient_a municipal_a law_n of_o their_o heathen_a ancestor_n law_n law_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a as_o so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n that_o he_o see_v no_o necessity_n of_o abrogate_a these_o upon_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o gospel_n precept_n the_o choice_a of_o these_o old_a statute_n be_v collect_v into_o two_o body_n or_o digest_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n or_o speculum_fw-la saxonicum_fw-la the_o other_o which_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o former_a das_fw-la sachsische_n weichbild_n the_o sachsen-spiegel_n be_v at_o first_o like_o justinian_n institutes_n collect_v by_o a_o german_a nobleman_n eke_o von_fw-mi repkau_n out_o of_o a_o great_a many_o old_a record_n and_o law_n publish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o book_n whereof_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 71_o article_n the_o second_o of_o 72_o and_o the_o three_o of_o 91._o this_o with_o a_o glossary_a annex_v explain_v all_o the_o difficult_a and_o antiquate_a law-term_n in_o it_o be_v first_o publish_v by_o one_o burchard_n lord_n of_o mangelfeld_n but_o a_o more_o accurate_a edition_n be_v afterward_o set_v out_o in_o print_n by_o c._n zobelius_n at_o leipsick_a in_o the_o year_n 1569._o das_fw-ge weichbild_n or_o wickbild_n signify_v proper_o
the_o city_n image_n or_o statute_n and_o how_o applicable_a this_o name_n be_v to_o a_o draught_n or_o model_n of_o state-government_n such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_n there_o be_v several_a edition_n of_o this_o code_n which_o contain_v only_o 137_o choice_a article_n out_o of_o the_o sachsen-spiegel_n with_o some_o notable_a observation_n thereupon_o wittenberg_n wittenberg_n wittenberg_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v once_o a_o electoral_a city_n and_o be_v still_o reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n some_o etymologist_n fetch_v its_o name_n from_o king_n wittekind_n who_o they_o make_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n other_o will_v have_v it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o white_a rock_n such_o as_o may_v be_v ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o vicenage_n and_o upon_o which_o they_o imagine_v the_o town_n to_o be_v build_v and_o from_o this_o late_a conceit_n the_o student_n in_o this_o city_n usual_o 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probable_o confirm_v his_o adversary_n but_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o confute_v he_o the_o town_n be_v only_o one_o long_a street_n and_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o it_o observable_a so_o that_o the_o account_n which_o one_o give_v waggish_o of_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v pertient_fw-fr enough_o viz._n leucorin_n intranti_fw-la tibi_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la obvia_fw-la quaeris_fw-la sus_n miles_n meretrix_n aut_fw-la studiosus_fw-la erit_fw-la halle_n though_o a_o dependent_a on_o the_o archbishopric_n or_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n halle_n halle_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o place_n as_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o be_v comprise_v at_o first_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n it_o be_v think_v to_o borrow_v its_o name_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d salt_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt-pit_n in_o this_o place_n but_o this_o be_v only_a goropius_n becanus_n fancy_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o press_v it_o too_o hard_a upon_o the_o reader_n these_o pit_n be_v first_o discover_v by_o the_o hermunduri_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o suevian_a nation_n some_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o by_o they_o value_v at_o as_o high_a a_o rate_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v so_o many_o mine_n of_o gold_n of_o what_o value_n they_o be_v now_o a_o day_n may_v easy_o be_v compute_v from_o the_o weekly_a toll_n pay_v out_o of_o they_o to_o the_o administrator_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o ordinary_o amount_v to_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o crown_n the_o town_n be_v neat_o build_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o pleasant_a hill_n cover_v with_o vine_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o gentile_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o by_o some_o fancy_v to_o be_v great_a master_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n then_o the_o citizen_n of_o leipsick_a this_o city_n be_v usual_o call_v holla_n saxonum_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o schwaben_n brabant_n etc._n etc._n and_o not_o as_o bertius_n and_o mercator_n will_v have_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n for_o though_o as_o albinus_n right_o observe_v the_o ancient_a geographer_n have_v be_v accustom_a to_o reckon_v she_o among_o the_o city_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n yet_o her_o situation_n together_o with_o the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o her_o inhabitant_n declare_v she_o rather_o misnian_a or_o high_a saxon._n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v quedlinburg_n quedlinburg_n quedlinburg_n a_o small_a city_n betwixt_o halberstad_n and_o ermesleben_n for_o although_o this_o town_n be_v indeed_o situate_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n yet_o of_o late_a year_n the_o german_a geographer_n have_v be_v please_v to_o reckon_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o upper_a as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n it_o be_v former_o guard_v by_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n which_o be_v now_o demolish_a from_o this_o castle_n the_o town_n get_v the_o name_n of_o quedlinburg_n which_o be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o same_o importance_n as_o scarborough_n in_o english_a for_o quaddelen_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v mark_n or_o scar_n get_v by_o blow_n or_o slash_n on_o the_o face_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o lutheran_n nunnery_n the_o abbess_n whereof_o who_o be_v always_o either_o a_o princess_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o saxony_n or_o a_o countess_n at_o least_o be_v lady_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o the_o territory_n thereto_o belong_v it_o be_v once_o a_o hans-town_n but_o upon_o a_o rebellion_n of_o the_o citizen_n against_o their_o abbess_n in_o the_o year_n 1475_o that_o privilege_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o city_n enslave_v rather_o then_o subject_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n for_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o dresden_n in_o misnia_n where_o their_o usual_a residence_n be_v now_o keep_v marchionatus_fw-la misniae_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la voitlandia_n authore_fw-la olao_n joannis_n gotho_n s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la geographo_n excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiâ—â—_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a to_o james_n fraser_n esqr_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n meisen_n or_o misnia_n which_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n formerly_z a_o bishop_n see_v and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o country_n but_o now_o dwindle_v into_o a_o town_n of_o little_a note_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o lusatia_n or_o laussnitz_n on_o the_o south_n with_o bohemia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o upper_a saxony_n the_o whole_a marquisate_n which_o be_v a_o vast_o large_a country_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n 1._o misnia_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o osterland_n contain_v dresden_n konigstein_n pirna_n the_o old_a fort_n of_o sonnenstein_n etc._n etc._n 2._o der_fw-mi ertzgebergische_n creyss_n a_o mountainous_a country_n wherein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o mine-town_n of_o friberg_n alteberg_n on_o the_o moglitz_n augustus-burg_a annenberg_n marienberg_n with_o some_o other_o 3._o the_o circle_n of_o leipsick_a which_o beside_o the_o depenance_n on_o that_o rich_a city_n comprise_v the_o county_n of_o rochlitz_n waldheim_n and_o geringswald_n with_o some_o other_o place_n of_o note_n 4._o voitlandia_n which_o be_v former_o reckon_v a_o distinct_a principality_n of_o itself_o but_o be_v now_o account_v by_o all_o a_o part_n of_o misnia_n beside_o these_o province_n there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n three_o bishopric_n 1._o meisen_n 2._o naumburg_n 3._o mersburg_n to_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a land_n and_o territory_n annex_v some_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n whereof_o be_v dispose_v of_o towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o canon_n in_o every_o cathedral_n but_o the_o great_a share_n be_v employ_v in_o raise_v portion_n and_o estate_n for_o the_o elector_n young_a child_n the_o plain_n of_o misnia_n be_v wonderful_o fruitful_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o the_o hill_n as_o well_o store_v with_o the_o rich_a metal_n in_o some_o place_n especial_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n near_o dresden_n and_o meisen_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o large_a vineyard_n but_o their_o wine_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a at_o libenau_n possern_n teuditz_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mersburg_n there_o have_v be_v former_o salt-pit_n but_o these_o be_v so_o infinite_o outdo_v by_o those_o at_o halle_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o salter_n
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
of_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n a_o apt_a name_n for_o a_o city_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o further_a boundary_a and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n it_o be_v a_o comely_a old_a city_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o in_o a_o good_a air_n the_o duke_n palace_n town-hall_n and_o some_o citizen_n house_n be_v build_v with_o a_o neat_a and_o well_o polish_a stone_n the_o neighbour_a hill_n be_v cover_v with_o apple_n pear_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fruit._n some_o wine_n they_o have_v grow_v but_o exact_o such_o trash_n as_o altmarck_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n dominion_n be_v wont_a to_o produce_v ii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n this_o city_n be_v usual_o know_v by_o name_n of_o great_a glogau_n city_n city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n cureus_n fancy_n it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o ptolomy_n lugidunum_n which_o as_o he_o probable_o enough_o conjecture_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lugii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v present_a name_n be_v of_o wendish_n extraction_n and_o signify_v proper_o a_o thorn-bush_n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n among_o thicket_n or_o in_o a_o copse_n glogaw_n be_v make_v a_o true_a city_n by_o conrade_n duke_n of_o the_o place_n about_o the_o year_n 1260_o at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n and_o cathedral_n the_o only_a strength_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o town_n be_v build_v and_o the_o city_n stock_v with_o german_n who_o establish_v here_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o palsy_n be_v a_o epidemical_a disease_n in_o this_o town_n which_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o extraordinary_a intemperance_n of_o the_o burgher_n in_o drink_v a_o sort_n of_o bitter_a and_o muddy_a but_o withal_o wonderful_a strong_a and_o heady_a beer_n they_o be_v also_o common_o torment_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o gravel_n in_o the_o kidney_n a_o distemper_n partly_o ascribe_v by_o their_o physician_n to_o the_o same_o cause_n with_o the_o former_a and_o partly_o to_o their_o feed_n chief_o on_o pork_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o dukedom_n belong_v the_o petty_a town_n of_o guhrau_n dukedom_n dukedom_n sprottau_n grunberg_n schwibussen_n beuthen_n pulkwitz_n koben_n newstatt_n warienberg_n and_o primnikaw_n the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n have_v this_o peculiar_a anti-salic_a law_n among_o they_o that_o upon_o failure_n of_o issue_n male_a a_o daughter_n inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o her_o father_n before_o any_o of_o the_o near_a of_o his_o male_a relation_n iii_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n sagan_n once_o one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o populous_a city_n city_n and_o still_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o silesia_n it_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n several_a time_n take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o retake_v by_o the_o imperialist_n there_o be_v now_o little_a remarkable_a to_o be_v see_v upon_o that_o large_a spot_n of_o ground_n whereon_o this_o city_n be_v place_v except_o only_o the_o castle_n st._n mary_n church_n and_o two_o monastery_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o venerable_a for_o age_n then_o commendable_a for_o any_o thing_n of_o rarity_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o dukedom_n call_v by_o the_o polish_v writer_n ducatus_fw-la zeganensis_fw-la be_v of_o no_o large_a extent_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o lusatia_n and_o the_o barony_n of_o sora_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o rhe_n marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o great_a glogaw_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o crossen_n it_o be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o glogaw_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v subject_v to_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o at_o once_o whence_o we_o read_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n there_o be_v some_o large_a and_o rich_a cornfield_n in_o this_o province_n which_o be_v well_o water_v with_o the_o river_n bober_n queiss_n tschirn_n and_o neisse_n pribus_fw-la naumburg_n and_o freywald_n three_o small_a city_n be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o sagan_n iv_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o wolaw_n notwithstanding_o that_o wolaw_n be_v ancient_o account_v a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n duâ—â—_n duâ—â—_n and_o have_v always_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n yet_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o silesia_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o multiply_v their_o title_n or_o for_o what_o other_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v have_v of_o late_a year_n make_v it_o a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o and_o because_o thus_o separate_v from_o lignitz_n it_o be_v still_o too_o large_a to_o be_v guide_v and_o govern_v by_o one_o man_n be_v near_o as_o big_a as_o either_o of_o our_o english_a county_n of_o huntingdon_n or_o rutland_n they_o have_v subdivide_v it_o into_o six_o large_a circle_n or_o hundred_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o they_o viz._n wolau_n hernstadt_n winze_v ruten_n raude_n and_o steinaw_n none_o of_o which_o be_v worth_a the_o describe_v to_o these_o they_o add_v two_o more_o enclosure_n no_o big_a than_o one_o of_o our_o small_a parish_n in_o england_n whereof_o the_o one_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o koben_n and_o the_o other_o breubawischer_n haul_v both_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v in_o the_o map_n and_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o take_v a_o estimate_n of_o their_o true_a bulk_n and_o value_n wolau_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o country_n make_v a_o shift_n to_o give_v title_n to_o a_o duke_n city_n city_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o market-town_n in_o england_n but_o will_v never_o merit_v as_o here_o it_o do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n it_o be_v every_o way_n mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o building_n in_o it_o be_v contemptible_a and_o the_o citizen_n for_o so_o they_o will_v needs_o style_v themselves_o hardly_o able_a to_o provide_v bread_n for_o their_o family_n out_o of_o the_o little_a or_o no_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n the_o neighbour_a lake_n der_fw-mi gross_a teich_n furnish_v they_o indeed_o with_o fish_n enough_o for_o the_o support_n both_o of_o themselves_o and_o their_o child_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o i_o think_v have_v any_o possibility_n of_o subsist_v and_o yet_o this_o mean_a place_n be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o german_a civil_a war_n nay_o the_o swedish_n lieutenant_n gortzke_n think_v it_o no_o small_a piece_n of_o honour_n that_o he_o brave_o maintain_v himself_o and_o a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n for_o some_o month_n when_o god_n know_v no_o commander_n of_o note_n will_v so_o far_o undervalue_v himself_o as_o to_o attack_v it_o ducatus_n silesiae_fw-la glogani_n vera_fw-la delineatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templis_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la sede_n nobile_fw-la pagus_n arx._n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colles_n fedina_n et_fw-fr officina_fw-la ferri_n lacus_n sive_fw-la stâ—â—â—um_fw-la paludes_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la wolanus_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx_n molindinum_n vinetum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la bona_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la ducatus_fw-la breslanus_n sive_fw-la wratislaviensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waâ—sbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephaâ—â—â—_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n molendinum_fw-la arx._n w_n â—â—yal_a devoir_n to_o the_o …_o be_v honourable_a sr_n george_n cartwright_n bar._n vice_n câ—â—â—berline_n of_o the_o king_n househould_v 〈◊〉_d map_n be_v humble_o â—â—â—dicated_v breslaw_n totius_fw-la silesiae_fw-la metropolis_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la ligniciensis_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiana_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs._n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n arx._n molendinum_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la dimicatum_fw-la fürstliche_n stadt_n lignitz_n schloss_n closter_n zu_fw-ge vaser_n lieben_fw-mi frawen_v s._n johan_n s._n peter_n und_fw-ge paul_n v._o the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o oelse_n oelsse_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o low_a silesia_n about_o sixteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o breslaw_n first_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o a_o poor_a village_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 936._o the_o country_n round_o this_o town_n be_v pleasant_a enough_o and_o the_o air_n wholesome_a the_o gate_n wall_n turret_n and_o other_o fortification_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_a and_o noble_a before_o the_o late_a war_n but_o the_o swedish_n general_n wittenberg_n troop_n demolish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
heathen_a slavonian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o their_o first_o come_v into_o this_o country_n bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a many_o idol_n god_n who_o they_o worship_v as_o the_o only_a protector_n and_o saviour_n of_o their_o nation_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o they_o call_v pron_z or_o peron_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o jupiter_n intonans_fw-la this_o be_v their_o god_n of_o god_n divum_fw-la pater_fw-la atque_fw-la hominum_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o worship_v with_o the_o same_o reverence_n as_o thor_n among_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n but_o this_o god_n be_v at_o last_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n or_o other_o throw_v out_o of_o favour_n and_o the_o honour_n confer_v on_o swanto-wit_n a_o idol_n who_o temple_n stand_v at_o julinum_n or_o wollin_n in_o pomeren_n in_o those_o day_n the_o large_a city_n in_o europe_n some_o small_a remembrance_n of_o this_o god_n they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o friend_n shake_v hand_n to_o use_v this_o mutual_a compellation_n witeg_n witeg_n or_o witam_n te_fw-la in_o which_o they_o still_o seem_v to_o own_o the_o idol_n wit_n for_o their_o god_n christianity_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v profess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n about_o the_o year_n 894_o in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v duke_n borsivogius_n be_v baptize_v by_o methodius_n the_o saint_n of_o bohemia_n this_o methodius_n be_v a_o prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o clergy_n of_o bohemia_n do_v not_o for_o some_o age_n acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n supremacy_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o upon_o this_o occasion_n a_o young_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n travel_v into_o england_n and_o visit_v our_o university_n have_v here_o at_o oxford_n the_o opportunity_n of_o transcribe_v several_a tract_n write_v by_o our_o british_a author_n among_o other_o thing_n he_o chance_v to_o light_v upon_o some_o of_o john_n wicliff_n work_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o carry_v home_o with_o he_o and_o show_v to_o jahn_n huss_n and_o jerome_n of_o prague_n upon_o the_o read_n of_o these_o book_n those_o two_o great_a man_n begin_v immediate_o to_o reform_v error_n in_o the_o church_n which_o good_a work_n they_o prosecute_v with_o great_a vigour_n and_o zeal_n till_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o there_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o protestation_n of_o the_o popish_a prelate_n then_o assemble_v condemn_v for_o heretic_n and_o burn_v in_o the_o year_n 1415._o but_o so_o firm_o be_v their_o doctrine_n root_v in_o most_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o hearer_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o this_o expedient_a to_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o reformation_n which_o soon_o after_o be_v more_o firm_o establish_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o luther_n melancthon_n calvin_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v well_o if_o after_o the_o foppery_n of_o rome_n be_v thus_o abolish_v the_o bohemian_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n grant_v they_o by_o their_o king_n but_o grow_v infolent_a as_o their_o number_n increase_v they_o begin_v first_o to_o mutiny_v against_o the_o emperor_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n mathias_n fall_v into_o a_o open_a rebellion_n this_o prove_v at_o last_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n which_o be_v now_o nowhere_o profess_v but_o in_o some_o by-corner_n and_o hole_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o unprosperous_a a_o thing_n be_v rebellion_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o religion_n the_o bohemian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o the_o russian_a polonian_a croatian_a and_o wendish_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o ancient_a slavonian_a a_o tongue_n so_o copious_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o old_a lawgiver_n of_o this_o country_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o their_o municipal_a law_n be_v zealous_a in_o command_v the_o true_a and_o primitive_a pronunciation_n and_o orthography_n of_o it_o to_o be_v keep_v up_o but_o this_o unhappiness_n attend_v the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o wellwisher_n to_o their_o country_n that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o any_o letter_n but_o the_o ruthenian_a character_n a_o alphabet_n exceed_o imperfect_a and_o whole_o unfit_a for_o the_o polish_n of_o a_o language_n afterward_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n begin_v to_o maintain_v a_o correspondence_n with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o germany_n the_o roman_a letter_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o tongue_n be_v refine_v with_o better_a success_n however_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o be_v as_o negligent_a in_o this_o particular_a as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v careful_a nay_o most_o man_n of_o fashion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o scandalous_a to_o speak_v their_o own_o mother-tongue_n in_o its_o purity_n and_o therefore_o talk_v ordinary_o either_o the_o german_a language_n entire_a or_o else_o the_o bohemian_a mix_v and_o mangle_v with_o a_o great_a many_o outlandish_a word_n and_o bombast_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n prague_n be_v the_o merropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n prague_n prague_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n on_o the_o great_a river_n moldau_n what_o name_v it_o have_v before_o the_o bohemian_o come_v into_o this_o country_n be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v out_o of_o any_o of_o their_o record_n but_o they_o it_o seem_v call_v it_o boioheim_n or_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o bohemian_a prince_n it_o be_v modern_a name_n be_v give_v it_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o slavonian_n with_o zechus_n boregius_n give_v this_o blind_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o this_o name_n some_o of_o the_o slavonian_n come_v to_o this_o town_n and_o find_v they_o busy_a in_o building_n inquire_v of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n who_o as_o it_o chance_v be_v 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part_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v still_o stand_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n round_o this_o palace_n the_o cement_n whereof_o be_v so_o good_a that_o hardly_o any_o engine_n can_v be_v invent_v which_o will_v pull_v they_o down_o the_o jesuit_n of_o late_a year_n have_v build_v here_o a_o new_a college_n for_o themselves_o which_o go_v beyond_o the_o other_o they_o have_v before_o in_o the_o old_a town_n 3._o the_o little_a town_n or_o kleine_n seiten_fw-ge as_o they_o sometime_o call_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o muldau_n over_o which_o you_o pass_v by_o a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n of_o sixteen_o arch_n in_o this_o place_n stand_v winceslaus_n palace_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n when_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n keep_v his_o court._n some_o have_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o as_o good_a high_a dutch_a be_v speak_v in_o this_o palace_n and_o by_o the_o 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himself_o and_o his_o queen_n our_o king_n charles_n the_o martyr_n sister_n force_v to_o fly_v into_o silesia_n prague_n be_v force_v to_o resign_v itself_o up_o immediate_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o soon_o after_o root_v out_o all_o maintainer_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n some_o historian_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o of_o the_o gospel_n appoint_v to_o be_v read_v on_o the_o day_n whereon_o be_v fight_v this_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o twenty-third_a sunday_n after_o trinity_n a._n d._n 1620_o this_o text_n render_v to_o cesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n be_v a_o part_n which_o be_v as_o observable_a as_o the_o church_n of_o england_n appoint_v the_o 27_o chapter_n of_o matthew_n to_o be_v read_v the_o second_o lesson_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n whereon_o our_o late_a king_n suffer_v martyrdom_n ii_o egra_n egraâ—_n egraâ—_n a_o great_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n be_v call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o chebbe_n but_o by_o the_o german_n that_o inhabit_v it_o egra_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v make_v a_o imperial_a city_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1179_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o burgher_n to_o that_o emperor_n in_o oppose_a henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v wall_v with_o a_o double_a sometime_o with_o a_o triple_a wall_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o almost_o impregnable_a castle_n the_o marketplace_n be_v surround_v with_o very_o fair_a building_n and_o some_o of_o their_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n bertius_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la speak_v of_o strange_a cure_n perform_v by_o the_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n the_o well_o they_o mention_v be_v not_o in_o the_o suburb_n but_o about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n its_o water_n be_v something_o salt_n and_o brinish_a but_o very_o cool_a and_o clear_a they_o be_v say_v to_o cure_v all_o infirmity_n in_o the_o eye_n ear_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o many_o other_o cure_n be_v wrought_v by_o their_o purge_n and_o cleanse_v the_o body_n jac._n theodorus_n tabernaemontanus_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o some_o strange_a feat_n wrought_v by_o they_o in_o his_o book_n entitle_v wasser-schatz_a print_v at_o frantfurt_n a._n d._n 1584._o and_o paul_n macasius_n publish_v a_o whole_a treatise_n about_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o these_o egrish_a water_n in_o the_o year_n 1616._o some_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o old_a name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v sourstad_v from_o these_o bitter_a water_n but_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o great_a faithfulness_n in_o the_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n since_o the_o city_n with_o all_o its_o record_n perish_v in_o the_o flame_n a._n d._n 1270._o other_o city_n of_o note_n be_v 1._o budweiss_n a_o fair_a and_o large_a town_n not_o far_o from_o the_o border_n of_o austria_n 2._o kuttenberg_n a_o mine-town_n on_o the_o elb._n elnbogen_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o misnia_n call_v usual_o the_o bohemian_a key_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n 4._o thabor_n in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o prague_n and_o budweiss_n whence_o the_o picart_n get_v the_o name_n of_o thaborite_n leimiritz_n aug_v bern_n bruck_n gretz_n maut_n hoff_n jaromir_n pilsen_n etc._n etc._n be_v no_o better_o then_o ordinary_a market-town_n franconiae_fw-la nova_fw-la descriptio_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la jansonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a reverendissim_fw-la o_o &_o illustrission_n principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la dnon_fw-la francisco_n episcopo_fw-la bambergensi_fw-la &_o wirceburgensi_fw-la francia_fw-la orientalis_n duci_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la clementissimo_fw-la humillime_v offer_v nicolaus_n rittershusius_n u._n i._o d._n the_o great_a circle_n of_o franconia_n 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themselves_o upon_o the_o seashore_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o danubius_n these_o sicambri_n for_o so_o they_o be_v then_o call_v be_v beat_v from_o their_o hold_n by_o the_o goth_n be_v force_v to_o seek_v out_o new_a habitation_n and_o at_o last_o about_o 430_o year_n before_o christ_n fix_v themselves_o under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n marcomir_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n in_o westphalia_n friesland_n and_o gelderland_n all_o which_o country_n be_v afterward_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o sicambria_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o name_v themselves_o franci_n after_o the_o name_n of_o their_o great_a commander_n francus_n who_o lead_v they_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o subdue_v for_o they_o the_o great_a part_n of_o gallia_n which_o they_o name_v franckric_a the_o german_n call_v it_o still_o franckreich_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n other_o say_v that_o the_o frank_n be_v not_o one_o particular_a people_n but_o that_o the_o vbii_n mattiaci_n juhones_n sicambri_n tencteri_n vsipetes_n marsi_n marsaci_n tubantes_n bructeri_n chamavi_n angrivarii_n dulgibini_n chassuarii_n ansibarii_n frisii_n chanci_n cherusci_n gambrivii_n and_o some_o other_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n unite_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n by_o a_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n have_v thus_o link_v themselves_o together_o they_o take_v as_o the_o almain_n have_v do_v before_o they_o one_o common_a name_n call_v themselves_o francken_a which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v as_o freyen_v in_o the_o modern_a high_a dutch_a a_o free_a people_n as_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a law-book_n francisia_n for_o freedom_n franciscare_n to_o set_v at_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n be_v a_o word_n still_o common_o use_v for_o liberty_n about_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o year_n after_o christ_n there_o be_v great_a contest_v between_o the_o thuringian_o and_o schwabe_n
which_o the_o former_a thought_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o by_o call_v in_o the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n to_o their_o assistance_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o plant_v a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o enemy_n these_o proposal_n clodomir_v than_o king_n of_o france_n ready_o assent_v to_o and_o immediate_o dispatch_v his_o brother_n genebald_a with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o their_o promise_a dominion_n according_o genebald_a and_o his_o man_n fix_v themselves_o in_o maingow_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o territory_n round_a wartsburg_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o that_o country_n which_o from_o they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o franconia_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o land_n be_v the_o main_a and_o the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n whereof_o the_o former_a spring_n out_o of_o two_o fountain_n among_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o border_n of_o bohemia_n and_o pass_v by_o bamberg_n hassfurt_n schweinfurt_n kitzingen_n wurtzburg_n wertheim_n and_o francfurt_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o rhine_n at_o mentz_n the_o german_a geographer_n give_v this_o account_n of_o these_o river_n maenus_fw-la pater_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la rubrum_fw-la &_o album_fw-la maenum_fw-la generate_fw-la &_o maritus_fw-la salae_n baec_fw-la autem_fw-la vxor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la maeni_fw-la &_o mater_fw-la quoniam_fw-la octo_fw-la liberos_fw-la habet_fw-la fluvios_fw-la minores_fw-la this_o country_n be_v encompass_v with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n soil_n soil_n but_o have_v not_o in_o it_o any_o hill_n of_o extraordinary_a height_n there_o be_v in_o it_o several_a forest_n and_o park_n well_o stock_v with_o deer_n wild_a boar_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o game_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n especial_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a and_o tauber_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v as_o delicate_a and_o rich_a a_o wine_n as_o the_o best_a vineyard_n upon_o the_o rhine_n the_o field_n about_o bamberg_n be_v wonderful_o fruitful_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n beside_o their_o great_a plenty_n of_o grape_n apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n licorise_n grow_v so_o plentiful_o hereabout_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o carry_v off_o the_o field_n in_o waggon-loads_a the_o bamberger_n have_v also_o great_a store_n of_o saffron_n and_o melon_n and_o hardly_o want_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v pleasant_a or_o necessary_a the_o circle_n of_o franconia_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a principality_n division_n division_n whereof_o four_o be_v subject_n to_o spiritual_a and_o two_o to_o temporal_a prince_n the_o four_o spiritual_a prince_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o bamberg_n wurtzburg_n and_o eeichstad_v and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o first_o of_o these_o have_v the_o preeminence_n and_o challenge_v a_o kind_n of_o archiepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o rest_n the_o bishop_n of_o wurtzburg_n be_v a_o more_o potent_a prince_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n though_o inferior_a in_o place_n to_o bamberg_n the_o bishop_n of_o eichstad_n have_v no_o large_a dominion_n in_o franconia_n the_o most_o of_o his_o territory_n lie_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o bavaria_n and_o schwaben_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n have_v now_o little_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n to_o a_o few_o bailiwick_n which_o seldom_o or_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o he_o for_o their_o governor_n the_o two_o temporal_a prince_n be_v the_o burggrave_v of_o noremberg_n who_o be_v two_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o more_o petty_a county_n and_o lordship_n subject_a to_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o hennenberg_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o weimar_n and_o several_a other_o places_z swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n the_o old_a francick_a dialect_n language_n language_n or_o lingua_n theotisca_n be_v the_o true_a mother_n of_o the_o modern_a high_a dutch_a the_o word_n theotisca_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o corruption_n of_o die_n hogh_o deutsch_n in_o opposition_n to_o die_n nieder_fw-ge deutsch_n speak_v in_o westphalia_n and_o the_o low_a saxony_n m._n goldastus_n have_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v several_a fragment_n of_o record_n diplomata_fw-la etc._n etc._n write_v many_o age_n ago_o in_o this_o tongue_n and_o martin_n opitz_n the_o virgil_n of_o germany_n as_o he_o be_v usual_o style_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o anno_fw-la archbishop_n of_o coln_n in_o the_o same_o dialect_n a._n d._n 1639._o otfrid_n historia_fw-la evangelica_n write_v in_o old_a francic_n near_o 900_o year_n ago_o be_v publish_v at_o basil_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o and_o willeramus_fw-la the_o abbot_n of_o mersburg_n paraphrase_n upon_o the_o canticle_n at_o leyden_n a._n d._n 1598._o upon_o which_o the_o learned_a fr._n junius_n f._n f._n publish_v his_o incomparable_a note_n at_o amsterdam_n 1655._o since_o which_o time_n mr._n lambecius_n the_o emperor_n library-keeper_n at_o vienna_n have_v make_v public_a several_a scrap_n in_o his_o curious_a history_n of_o some_o rarity_n in_o the_o imperial_a library_n and_o mr._n junius_n before_o mention_v have_v late_o bequeath_v a_o noble_a collection_n of_o the_o like_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n to_o our_o public_a library_n at_o oxford_n among_o which_o the_o choice_a be_v tatian_n harmonia_n evangelica_n illustrate_v with_o mr._n junius_n note_n and_o design_v for_o the_o press_n wurtzburg_n call_v by_o bede_n wirceburg_n wurtzburg_n wurtzburg_n by_o sigebert_n wirtiburgum_n and_o wirtziburgum_n by_o trithemius_n paepolis_n and_o marcopolis_n but_o by_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a latin_a historian_n and_o geographer_n herbipolis_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o franconia_n and_o have_v its_o name_n as_o most_o imagine_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o herb_n wurtzen_n grow_v in_o this_o place_n conradus_n celtes_n the_o first_o poet_n laureate_a in_o germany_n call_v this_o city_n erebipolis_n which_o word_n some_o derive_v from_o a_o certain_a pagan_a god_n name_v erebus_n never_o hear_v of_o by_o any_o francic_a antiquary_n i_o rather_o think_v that_o poet_n work_n corrupt_v and_o erebipolis_n careless_o write_v for_o herbipolis_n i_o can_v but_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o champerius_n mistake_n who_o though_o a_o learned_a man_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr mirabilibus_fw-la mundi_fw-la that_o there_o be_v two_o bishopric_n in_o germany_n subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n to_o wit_n wirceburgensis_n and_o herbipogenensis_n which_o be_v something_o akin_a to_o the_o blunder_n of_o a_o late_a geographer_n who_o make_v two_o distinct_a city_n of_o strasburg_n and_o argentina_n it_o be_v by_o some_o fancy_v that_o the_o palace_n at_o wurtzburg_n be_v build_v long_o before_o the_o city_n because_o in_o the_o life_n of_o st_n burchard_n the_o palace_n be_v call_v old_a wurtzburg_n and_o the_o town_n new_a wurtzburg_n andrew_n goldmayer_n a_o whimsical_a astrologer_n in_o this_o town_n have_v give_v we_o this_o punctual_a account_n of_o its_o age_n wurtzburg_n say_v he_o be_v build_v a._n m._n 3782_o three_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o two_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n in_o the_o twenty-sixth_a year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n francus_n on_o the_o twentyseventh_a of_o february_n about_o thirty-three_a minute_n past_o eleven_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n but_o man_n less_o skilled_a in_o calculation_n though_o of_o better_a understanding_n than_o this_o gentleman_n say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o genebald_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 236._o bede_n call_v it_o pagus_n but_o by_o that_o word_n questionless_a intend_v to_o render_v the_o german_a word_n gow_n which_o signify_v a_o province_n or_o county_n as_o well_o as_o a_o village_n the_o bishop_n have_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o whole_a town_n in_o temporal_n as_o well_o as_o spiritual_n and_o sit_v at_o his_o pleasure_n judge_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a when_o he_o appear_v in_o public_a there_o be_v a_o sword_n carry_v before_o he_o with_o this_o inscription_n herbipolis_n sola_fw-la judicat_fw-la ense_n &_o stola_fw-la and_o when_o he_o say_v mass_n there_o lie_v before_o he_o on_o the_o altar_n a_o draw_a sword_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o to_o he_o belong_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a principality_n of_o franconia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n palace_n a_o stately_a structure_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n beyond_o the_o river_n the_o hospital_n and_o great_a college_n in_o the_o gymnasium_n both_o of_o which_o be_v mighty_a regular_a and_o uniform_a building_n and_o equal_a most_o of_o our_o new_a build_v college_n in_o oxford_n bamberg_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o name_v babenberg_n bâ—â—_n bâ—â—_n from_o baba_n the_o emperor_n
return_v promoter_n of_o puritanism_n and_o rebellious_a principle_n they_o arrive_v at_o francfurt_n in_o june_n a._n d._n 1554_o where_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o john_n glauberge_n a_o alderman_n of_o the_o city_n they_o be_v permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o a_o church_n former_o assign_v to_o the_o french_a protestant_n their_o chief_a ringleader_n be_v whittingham_n williams_n goodman_n wood_n and_o sutton_n who_o before_o they_o begin_v to_o instruct_v their_o flock_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o reform_v the_o liturgy_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o surplice_n and_o litany_n be_v cashier_v as_o rag_n of_o the_o whore_n of_o babylon_n and_o the_o responsal_n lay_v aside_o as_o formal_a piece_n of_o cant_v which_o disturb_v the_o due_a course_n of_o divine_a worship_n in_o short_a the_o whole_a liturgy_n except_o the_o lesson_n and_o psalm_n be_v reject_v as_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o rome_n and_o antichrist_n instead_o of_o the_o magnificat_fw-la nunc_fw-la dimittis_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o sing_v so_o many_o stanza_n of_o sternhold_n rithm_n after_o sermon_n they_o have_v a_o prayer_n for_o all_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n more_o particular_o for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n mean_v their_o own_o tribe_n in_o imitation_n of_o our_o prayer_n for_o the_o church_n militant_a and_o then_o conclude_v with_o the_o peace_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o noise_n of_o this_o upstart_n church_n wherewith_o dr._n scory_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n now_o superintendent_n at_o embden_n grindal_n sandys_n and_o haddon_n at_o strasburg_n and_o horn_n chamber_n and_o parkhurst_n at_o zurick_n have_v refuse_v to_o have_v communion_n draw_v knox_n the_o scotch_a incendiary_n from_o geneva_n in_o hope_n of_o make_v a_o better_a market_n here_o then_o he_o can_v do_v in_o switzerland_n here_o he_o arrive_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n and_o immediate_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o superintendency_n of_o the_o church_n whittingham_n and_o the_o other_o divine_n submit_v themselves_o to_o his_o apostleship_n and_o government_n this_o be_v high_o resent_v by_o the_o divine_n of_o strasburg_n and_o zurick_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o knox_n principle_n and_o know_v of_o what_o dangerous_a consequence_n the_o promotion_n of_o such_o a_o hotspur_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v whereupon_o gryndal_n and_o chamber_n be_v send_v to_o francfurt_n to_o endeavour_v a_o composure_n of_o difference_n and_o a_o reunion_n of_o all_o the_o english_a protestant_n but_o their_o endeavour_n prove_v successless_a and_o vain_a though_o they_o propose_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o english_a liturgy_n be_v retain_v there_o may_v be_v by_o a_o general_a consent_n a_o omission_n of_o some_o ceremony_n and_o office_n in_o it_o allow_v of_o for_o knox_n and_o whittingham_n be_v as_o zealous_o bend_v against_o the_o substance_n as_o circumstantial_o of_o the_o book_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o confusion_n dr._n cox_n dean_n of_o westminster_n and_o a_o principal_a composer_n of_o the_o liturgy_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o sixth_n day_n come_v to_o francfurt_n attend_v with_o a_o great_a many_o more_o english_a exile_n upon_o his_o first_o arrival_n he_o cause_v one_o of_o his_o company_n to_o read_v the_o litany_n in_o the_o pulpit_n and_o not_o long_o after_o get_v knox_n expel_v the_o town_n for_o publish_v some_o treasonable_a expression_n against_o the_o emperor_n have_v thus_o worsted_n his_o adversary_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o follow_v the_o blow_n which_o he_o do_v so_o effectual_o as_o to_o procure_v a_o order_n from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o city_n require_v all_o the_o english_a protestant_n to_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o discipline_n of_o their_o church_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o book_n of_o common_a prayer_n but_o cox_n though_o at_o present_a master_n of_o the_o field_n be_v not_o able_a to_o appease_v the_o dissatisfied_a brethren_n who_o follow_v knox_n to_o geneva_n and_o there_o set_v up_o the_o profession_n of_o their_o former_a schismatical_a tenant_n in_o short_a these_o scandalous_a rupture_n first_o begin_v at_o francfurt_n and_o afterward_o carry_v on_o at_o geneva_n occasion_v the_o irrecoverable_a discredit_n of_o our_o church_n beyond_o sea_n and_o be_v the_o first_o seed_n of_o those_o lamentable_a animosity_n which_o to_o this_o day_n threaten_v our_o destruction_n the_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n which_o be_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hanaw_n territory_n territory_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o landgraviate_v of_o darmstat_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o mentz_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o county_n of_o wetteraw_n the_o soil_n be_v general_o cover_v with_o wood_n or_o vineyard_n and_o there_o be_v little_a of_o arable_a or_o pasture_n ground_n in_o it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v a_o laborious_a sort_n of_o people_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n apply_v themselves_o chief_o to_o the_o plant_n of_o vineyard_n and_o make_v wine_n the_o poor_a people_n sell_v off_o their_o wine_n and_o drink_v water_n have_v seldom_o the_o happiness_n to_o taste_v a_o draught_n of_o beer_n it_o be_v indeed_o ancient_o a_o proverb_n in_o germany_n sachs_n bayr_n schwab_n und_fw-ge frank_n die_v lieben_fw-mi all_o den_fw-mi tranck_n i._n e._n the_o saxon_n bavarian_o swabe_n and_o franc_n be_v all_o incline_v to_o excessive_a drink_n but_o now_o adays_o that_o piece_n of_o debauchery_n be_v lay_v aside_o in_o franconia_n and_o you_o shall_v seldomer_n meet_v with_o a_o drunkard_n here_o then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o ancient_a franc_n be_v man_n exceed_o plain_a and_o careless_a in_o their_o habit_n whence_o the_o german_n to_o this_o day_n say_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v plain_a and_o ordinary_a it_o be_v gut_n alt_z franckisch_n but_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o modern_a francfurter_n be_v rather_o foppish_a then_o slovenly_a in_o their_o apparel_n in_o this_o they_o be_v still_o imitator_n of_o their_o ancestor_n that_o they_o be_v a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a people_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o keep_v up_o that_o honour_n and_o repute_v which_o their_o ancestor_n have_v get_v in_o foreign_a nation_n the_o asian_o call_v all_o the_o european_n franc_n and_o the_o mahometan_n give_v the_o western_a christian_n the_o same_o name_n the_o abyssine_n in_o africa_n as_o vagetius_n witness_v call_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n alfrangue_n and_o the_o country_n they_o inhabit_v i.e._n europe_n and_o some_o part_n of_o asia_n francia_n the_o principality_n of_o henneberg_n henneberg_n be_v former_o no_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a county_n the_o earl_n whereof_o be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o in_o a_o public_a convention_n or_o diet_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1310._o the_o first_o of_o these_o prince_n be_v berthold_n surname_v the_o wise_a who_o be_v succeed_v by_o henry_n this_o prince_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o frideric_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n bestow_v on_o she_o for_o a_o dowry_n the_o county_n of_o coburg_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o this_o line_n be_v george_n ernest_n after_o who_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1583_o the_o county_n of_o coburg_n with_o the_o whole_a principality_n of_o henneberg_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n it_o be_v a_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a country_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o forest_n and_o mountain_n of_o thuringen_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o bamberg_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o diocese_n of_o wurtzburg_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o territory_n annex_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o fulda_n the_o castle_n or_o palace_n of_o henneberg_n whence_o the_o principality_n have_v its_o name_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n meiningen_n but_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o remarkable_a schleusingen_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n schleuss_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v be_v account_v the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o county_n though_o perhaps_o not_o in_o the_o principality_n of_o henneberg_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o gymnasium_n build_v here_o by_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o henneberg_n george_n ernest_n a._n d._n 1577._o it_o be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o prince_n of_o this_o country_n many_o of_o who_o monument_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o great_a church_n beside_o this_o the_o town_n of_o romhilt_n meinungen_n and_o koningshoven_n challenge_v the_o name_n of_o city_n but_o very_o ill_o deserve_v that_o character_n we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o description_n of_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o 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state_n nor_o any_o thing_n true_o great_a in_o the_o city_n 3._o speyer_n speyer_n speyer_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n with_o worm_n it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o nemetum_n civitas_n or_o noviomagum_n mention_v by_o julius_n cesar_n although_o freherus_n prove_v that_o the_o whole_a country_n near_o this_o place_n be_v ancient_o conclude_v under_o that_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n which_o owe_v its_o security_n more_o to_o the_o number_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n then_o the_o strength_n of_o any_o fortification_n near_o it_o for_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n demolish_v its_o bulwark_n and_o rampire_n be_v unwilling_a to_o spare_v so_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o army_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o garrison_n it_o and_o make_v it_o good_a against_o any_o future_a assault_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o citizen_n of_o worm_n and_o spire_n though_o lutheran_n swear_v fealty_n to_o their_o bishop_n who_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n many_o stately_a house_n and_o fair_a church_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o cathedral_n beautify_v with_o four_o tower_n but_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o imperial_a chamber_n which_o be_v first_o place_v at_o worm_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o not_o long_o after_o fix_v at_o speyer_n from_o whence_o it_o can_v be_v remove_v but_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o fill_v the_o city_n with_o a_o constant_a concourse_n of_o people_n from_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n who_o repair_n hither_o for_o the_o final_a determination_n of_o such_o lawsuit_n as_o they_o fancy_n have_v not_o be_v well_o decide_v by_o inferior_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o their_o own_o country_n for_o hither_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o any_o prince_n court_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o elector_n themselves_o may_v in_o some_o trial_n at_o law_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v before_o this_o court_n 4._o zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v call_v by_o the_o french_a deux-ponts_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o bridge_n over_o two_o river_n at_o the_o confluence_n whereof_o it_o be_v seat_v this_o city_n be_v signal_n for_o little_a more_o than_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a principality_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n which_o be_v enjoy_v by_o a_o young_a house_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o be_v common_o style_v principes_fw-la bipontini_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la gemini_fw-la pontis_fw-la these_o poor_a prince_n have_v pay_v dear_a for_o some_o of_o the_o french_a king_n be_v late_a victory_n especial_o his_o triumph_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1677_o wherein_o their_o chief_a city_n zweybrucken_v be_v almost_o quite_o demolish_v so_o near_o be_v it_o to_o a_o utter_a overthrow_n that_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v see_v then_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o city_n 5._o philipsburg_n vdenheim_n or_o philipsburg_n udenheim_n a_o town_n subject_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o saltza_n and_o on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n it_o be_v ancient_o a_o village_n but_o be_v wall_v round_o by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o spire_n who_o first_o make_v it_o a_o city_n and_o procure_v for_o it_o severallarge_v privilege_n it_o be_v convenient_o seat_v for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n well_o fortify_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n a_o little_a before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n these_o new_a fortification_n begin_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n give_v ground_n to_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n to_o suspect_v that_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a design_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o this_o prelate_n whereupon_o frederic_n v._o the_o then_o elector_n palatine_n and_o prince_n in_o chief_a of_o vdenheim_n require_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o finish_v what_o he_o have_v begin_v which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v the_o emperor_n placaet_n for_o what_o he_o do_v upon_o this_o contempt_n the_o elector_n beat_v it_o down_o by_o force_n for_o this_o affront_n to_o the_o emperor_n authority_n the_o elector_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v cite_v to_o appear_v before_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o speyer_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o imaginable_a severity_n this_o hard_a usage_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a motive_n which_o induce_v the_o unfortunate_a elector_n to_o accept_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n and_o consequent_o a_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n in_o which_o unhappy_a juncture_n marquis_n spinola_n the_o spanish_a general_n think_v this_o town_n so_o capable_a of_o be_v improve_v into_o a_o strong_a hold_n that_o he_o repair_v the_o demolish_a fortification_n and_o have_v make_v the_o place_n almost_o impregnable_a give_v it_o the_o new_a name_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n this_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o imperialist_n in_o exchange_n for_o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o late_a bloody_a war_n cause_v this_o inscription_n to_o be_v write_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n at_o philipsburg_n tuendis_fw-la rheni_n finibus_fw-la ludovicus_n fourteen_o francorum_n &_o navarrae_n rex_fw-la christianissimus_a confecto_fw-la in_o utraque_fw-la germania_n bello_fw-la restaurata_fw-la ubique_fw-la pace_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la suae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la assertaeque_fw-la libertatis_fw-la germaniae_fw-la monumentum_n firmari_fw-la isthoc_fw-la agere_fw-la muroque_fw-la regiis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la extructo_fw-la fecit_fw-la anno_fw-la m._n dc_o lxvi_o perfecit_fw-la in_o terrorem_fw-la hostium_fw-la foederatorum_fw-la praesidium_n liliorum_fw-la subsidium_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n propugnaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n in_o ferius_fw-la situ_fw-la non_fw-la robore_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la claudit_fw-la nemo_fw-la aperit_fw-la idem_fw-la aperit_fw-la &_o nemo_fw-la claudit_fw-la but_o when_o afterward_o in_o the_o succeed_a war_n it_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o emperor_n raze_v out_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o cause_v this_o follow_v one_o to_o be_v write_v in_o its_o stead_n leopoldus_n imperator_fw-la caesar_n pius_n faelix_fw-la augustus_n victor_n &_o triumphator_n suscepto_fw-la juvandis_fw-la sociis_fw-la tuendis_fw-la civibus_fw-la arcendis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la necessario_fw-la bello_fw-la restaurandae_fw-la ubique_fw-la paci_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la vindicatae_fw-la ab_fw-la injectis_fw-la gallicae_n servitutis_fw-la compedibus_fw-la libertatis_fw-la publicae_fw-la futurum_fw-la ad_fw-la posteros_fw-la monumentum_fw-la expugnavit_fw-la germaniaeque_fw-la postliminio_fw-la restituit_fw-la anno_fw-la christianae_n salutis_fw-la mdclxxvi_o terrori_fw-la hostium_fw-la tutelae_fw-la civium_fw-la germaniae_fw-la praesidio_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n receptaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n auspicato_fw-la plura_fw-la pari_fw-la successu_fw-la recuperandi_fw-la augurio_fw-la gallis_fw-la clausit_fw-la germanis_fw-la reclusit_fw-la quod_fw-la gallus_n claudit_fw-la germanus_n aperit_fw-la there_o be_v some_o more_o well_o fortify_v town_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n such_o as_o manheim_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o neccar_n coube_v franckenthal_n keysers-lautern_a simmeren_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o of_o so_o good_a note_n as_o those_o already_o describe_v helvetii_n alsatia_n pal._n rheni_n arch_n mogun_n arch._n trevir_n arch._n colon._n clivia_n geldria_n vltrajectum_n hollandia_n apud_fw-la jâ—â—ssoâ—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a rhenus_n fluviorum_fw-la europae_n celeberrimus_fw-la cum_fw-la mosa_n mosella_n et_fw-la reliquis_fw-la in_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la exonerantibus_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la apâ—â—_n jâ—â—ssâ—â—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a palatinatus_n ad_fw-la rhenum_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a not._n explicatio_fw-la civitates_fw-la munite_fw-la urbes_fw-la vici_fw-la pagi_n arces_fw-la coenobia_n fortalitia_fw-la vera_fw-la totius_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la badensis_fw-la et_fw-la hochbergensis_n ceterorumque_fw-la ducatum_fw-la landgravionatuum_fw-la et_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ad_fw-la princeps_fw-la huius_fw-la nominis_fw-la spectantium_fw-la geometr_v astro_fw-la calcu_fw-la delineatio_fw-la heic_fw-la domus_fw-la aeneae_n cunctis_fw-la dominabitur_fw-la oris_fw-la et_fw-la gnati_fw-la gnatorum_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la nascentur_fw-la ab_fw-la illis_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a explicatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n notabilis_fw-la pagus_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagê°_n not_o cum_fw-la arce_n arx_n et_fw-fr pagus_n monast_n cum_fw-la pago_n balneum_fw-la acidus_n fons_fw-la fodinae_fw-la aerarum_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n baden_n lie_v along_o
a_o imperial_a city_n at_o the_o jesuit_n college_n be_v to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o war_n with_o france_n a_o large_a old_a roman_a aries_n or_o battering-ram_n a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n of_o great_a value_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o i_o know_v not_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v moltzheim_n have_v on_o the_o brusch_n seltz_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o place_n of_o no_o great_a note_n before_o they_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o french_a army_n and_o of_o much_o less_o since_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n the_o city_n of_o brisach_n call_v by_o antonine_n in_o his_o itenerary_n mons_fw-la brisiacus_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o brisgow_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o which_o province_n we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o latin_a historian_n by_o the_o name_n of_o brisigavi_n or_o brisigavii_n b._n rhenanus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o brisach_n stand_v former_o on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n because_o on_o that_o side_n the_o old_a roman_n use_v to_o build_v their_o fort_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v still_o a_o great_a hollow_a valley_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o ancient_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n but_o cluverius_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o prove_v that_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n who_o all_o allow_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o brisach_n build_v castle_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n the_o town_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a hill_n excellent_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n but_o they_o have_v only_o one_o deep_a well_o which_o supply_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o water_n the_o river_n be_v at_o some_o distance_n and_o the_o passage_n troublesome_a in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n this_o town_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-weimar_n who_o force_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n and_o gallantry_n resist_v by_o the_o imperialist_n for_o four_o month_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o besiege_a be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n as_o to_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o soldier_n after_o they_o have_v be_v some_o day_n bury_v and_o to_o eat_v their_o flesh_n in_o this_o siege_n 80000_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o about_o 1100000_o rixdollar_n spend_v in_o ammunition_n on_o both_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a._n d._n 1638_o the_o french_a under_o who_o banner_n the_o forementioned_a duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o bear_v arm_n have_v remain_v master_n of_o this_o city_n wherein_o their_o present_a victorious_a king_n have_v of_o late_o repair_v its_o fortification_n keep_v a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chamber_n at_o spire_n which_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n levy_n contribution_n give_v he_o right_o to_o all_o neighbour_a village_n as_o dependency_n on_o some_o great_a town_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimiguen_n etc._n etc._n 2._o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n be_v at_o first_o a_o village_n build_v by_o a_o company_n of_o miner_n who_o wrought_v at_o the_o silver_n and_o copper_n mine_n about_o a_o german_a mile_n from_o brisach_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v so_o rich_a as_o to_o purchase_v the_o estate_n and_o title_n of_o nobleman_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o village_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o large_a city_n which_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o send_v into_o the_o field_n three_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o city_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a._n d._n 1386_o and_o be_v by_o the_o present_a emperor_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o french_a together_o with_o its_o village_n of_o lehn_n mezhausen_n and_o kirchzart_n in_o exchange_n for_o philipsburg_n there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n fourteen_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o university_n found_v by_o albert_n archduke_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1450._o the_o citizen_n be_v excellent_a artist_n at_o polish_n all_o manner_n of_o precious_a stone_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v find_v in_o lorraine_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n 3._o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o imperial_a city_n colmar_n be_v now_o seat_v stand_v the_o ancient_a argentuaria_n which_o be_v conquer_v by_o gratian_n the_o emperor_n a._n d._n 378_o and_o afterward_o destroy_v by_o the_o gothic_a general_n attila_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o old_a town_n colmar_n or_o cole-market_n be_v first_o build_v a_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a country_n and_o former_o so_o populous_a that_o in_o the_o great_a church_n at_o a_o easter-time_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v near_o four_o thousand_o communicant_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n wherein_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o by_o they_o resign_v to_o the_o french_a and_o the_o late_a engagement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n army_n have_v make_v it_o as_o desolate_a of_o inhabitant_n as_o house_n vtriusque_fw-la alsatiae_fw-la superioris_fw-la ac_fw-la inferioris_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a lantgraff_n in_o obern_n elssas_n lantgraff_n in_o vnderen_n elssa_n alsatia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n alsatia_n superior_n cum_fw-la suntgoia_n et_fw-fr brisgoia_n terrirotium_fw-la argentoratense_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr ptephanum_n swart_a mulnhausen_n by_o most_o late_a geographer_n place_v in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n be_v one_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n of_o switzerland_n keysersberg_n and_o turcheim_n be_v imperial_a city_n but_o of_o no_o great_a note_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n argentina_n be_v a_o name_n of_o a_o monkish_a invention_n instead_o of_o argentoratum_n as_o well_o as_o moguntia_n for_o moguntiacum_n to_o omit_v other_o frivolous_a conjecture_n about_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n argentoratum_n and_o strasburg_n we_o shall_v satisfy_v ourselves_o with_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n who_o think_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n to_o have_v be_v argen_n straaten_v or_o bad-street_n which_o may_v easy_o by_o add_v a_o latin_a termination_n be_v turn_v into_o argentratum_n or_o argentoratum_n and_o afterward_o by_o omit_v the_o two_o first_o syllable_n and_o annex_v burg_n to_o denote_v some_o new_a build_v fort_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n turn_v to_o straetburg_n or_o straesburg_n this_o city_n though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o strong_a fortification_n be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o best_a trade_v town_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n be_v general_o courteous_a and_o rich_a most_o of_o their_o merchant_n and_o magistrate_n have_v house_n fit_a to_o entertain_v so_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o cathedral_n be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n describe_v at_o large_a by_o os_fw-la schadaeus_n in_o a_o particular_a tract_n upon_o this_o subject_n by_o he_o publish_v at_o strasburg_n a._n d._n 1617._o the_o tower_n of_o this_o church_n be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n nay_o possible_o in_o europe_n or_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v reckon_v it_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spire_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o 574_o other_o 575_o geometrical_a foot_n but_o schadaeus_n who_o seem_v most_o accurate_a in_o his_o computation_n say_v it_o be_v 489_o foot_n and_o 8_o inch_n yet_o much_o more_o famous_a be_v this_o cathedral_n for_o the_o great_a clock_n in_o it_o which_o by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o ingenious_a virtuoso_n have_v be_v mention_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o art_n mechanical_a it_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o year_n 1574_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n by_o one_o habrecht_n a_o famous_a artificer_n of_o who_o work_n they_o have_v many_o more_o piece_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n this_o workman_n have_v his_o instruction_n from_o d._n wolckenstein_n and_o conr._n dasypodius_n two_o learned_a mathematician_n the_o latter_a whereof_o have_v publish_v a_o tract_n about_o this_o clock_n the_o first_o thing_n present_v to_o your_o view_n be_v a_o celestial_a globe_n with_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n fix_a star_n etc._n etc._n behind_o which_o there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a almanac_n wherein_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v point_v at_o by_o a_o statue_n stand_v by_o the_o hour_n be_v crow_v by_o a_o gild_a cock_n and_o afterward_o strike_v on_o a_o bell_n by_o a_o angel_n not_o far_o from_o which_o stand_v another_o angel_n with_o a_o hourglass_n in_o its_o hand_n which_o it_o turn_v round_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clock_n have_v do_v strike_v the_o first_o
very_a church_n now_o almost_o nine_o hundred_o year_n old_a wherein_o his_o first_o sermon_n be_v deliver_v but_o the_o great_a ornament_n of_o this_o town_n be_v the_o academia_n julia_n or_o university_n found_v by_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o among_o other_o grand_a privilege_n grant_v to_o this_o university_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o it_o be_v order_v that_o its_o rector_n shall_v for_o ever_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o count_n palatine_n whereupon_o henry_n julius_n duke_n julius_n elder_a son_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o his_o father_n make_v the_o first_o rector_n and_o before_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n found_v the_o fair_a college_n which_o be_v still_o call_v juleum_fw-la novum_fw-la these_o two_o duke_n procure_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o professor_n and_o student_n in_o this_o university_n a_o considerable_a library_n of_o book_n which_o since_o have_v be_v well_o augment_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o wolfenbuttel_n among_o some_o hundred_o of_o hebrew_n greek_a latin_a and_o dutch_a manuscript_n of_o little_a value_n they_o have_v two_o old_a volume_n contain_v the_o pentateuch_n in_o hebrew_a write_v on_o vellum_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o legible_a character_n for_o these_o two_o book_n they_o tell_v we_o several_a jewish_a rabbi_n who_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o ordinary_a skill_n in_o discern_v the_o true_a antiquity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o monument_n in_o their_o own_o language_n have_v offer_v some_o hundred_o of_o rixdollar_n after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n frideric_n vlric_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o ancient_a house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n divide_v the_o rectory_n of_o this_o university_n among_o they_o agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o duke_n regent_n shall_v in_o his_o course_n supply_v that_o office_n for_o one_o year_n and_o no_o more_o and_o in_o state_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v there_o be_v not_o any_o university_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o have_v breed_v up_o more_o eminent_a and_o learned_a man_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o century_n than_o helmstadt_n witness_v joh._n caselius_n jac._n horstius_n val._n forsterius_n reinerus_n reineccius_n hen._n meibomius_n joh._n stukius_n jac._n lampadius_n conr._n hornejus_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o late_a year_n the_o ingenious_a calixti_fw-la and_o incomparable_a conringius_n iv_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hannover_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o calenberg_n whence_o the_o duke_n palace_n be_v remove_v hither_o by_o george_n duke_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a frideric_n vlric_n the_o town_n be_v ancient_o call_v lawenroda_n from_o the_o neighbour_a castle_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o count_n of_o that_o name_n about_o henry_n the_o lion_n time_n it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o hanover_n from_o a_o ferry_n at_o this_o place_n over_o the_o river_n leina_fw-la as_o some_o imagine_v han_n over_o in_o the_o old_a dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o the_o more_o modern_a high-dutch_a haben_fw-ge uber_fw-la i.e._n to_o have_v or_o carry_v over_o there_o be_v yearly_o keep_v in_o this_o town_n four_o fair_n during_o which_o there_o be_v always_o a_o vast_a concourse_n of_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o german_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o contribute_v exceed_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o citizen_n but_o however_o a_o more_o considerable_a share_n of_o their_o wealth_n arise_v from_o their_o breuhane_n a_o sweet_a and_o muddy_a sort_n of_o beer_n which_o be_v hence_o export_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n v._o hamelen_n hamelen_n hamelen_n a_o ancient_a city_n on_o the_o outmost_a confine_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n hamel_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o weser_n this_o place_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o key_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n and_o be_v therefore_o better_o fortify_v and_o garrison_v then_o almost_o any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunsic_n dominion_n the_o record_n of_o this_o city_n relate_v a_o notable_a accident_n which_o happen_v among_o the_o burgher_n on_o the_o 26_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1284._o the_o story_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o citizen_n be_v strange_o infest_a with_o rat_n and_o have_v try_v all_o imaginable_a expedient_n but_o in_o vain_a to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o troublesome_a guest_n at_o last_o meet_v with_o a_o stranger_n who_o undertake_v for_o a_o certain_a reward_n to_o do_v the_o feat_n the_o burgher_n agree_v to_o his_o proposal_n and_o the_o strange_a gentleman_n immediate_o with_o his_o tabret_n and_o pipe_n draw_v after_o he_o all_o the_o rat_n in_o the_o town_n like_o so_o many_o maurice-dancer_n to_o the_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v they_o return_v for_o his_o reward_n it_o be_v deny_v he_o as_o be_v judge_v to_o great_a a_o recompense_n for_o so_o small_a a_o performance_n however_o less_o he_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o take_v but_o leave_v the_o town_n in_o a_o rage_n threaten_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v according_o about_o a_o year_n after_o he_o come_v again_o and_o play_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tune_n but_o with_o another_o train_n after_o he_o for_o now_o he_o go_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o child_n who_o follow_v he_o in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a cave_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n call_v by_o the_o burgher_n koppel-berg_a and_o be_v never_o after_o hear_v of_o in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n the_o citizen_n be_v wont_v for_o many_o year_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a deed_n and_o other_o record_n in_o that_o city_n to_o date_n all_o their_o indenture_n and_o contract_n such_o a_o year_n von_fw-mi unser_fw-mi kind_a aussgang_v i.e._n since_o the_o departure_n of_o our_o child_n the_o street_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v bungloese_n strass_n or_o tabret-street_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n near_o the_o cave_n mouth_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v a_o mounment_n of_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n post_fw-la duo_fw-la cc_o mille_fw-la post_fw-la octoginta_fw-la quaterque_fw-la annus_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la ille_fw-la quo_fw-la languet_fw-la annus_fw-la uterque_fw-la orbantur_fw-la pueros_fw-la centum_fw-la etque_fw-la triginta_fw-la johannis_n et_fw-la pauli_n caros_fw-la hamelenses_n non_fw-la sine_fw-la damnis_fw-la fatur_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la eos_fw-la vivos_fw-la calvaria_fw-la sorpsit_fw-la christ_n tuere_fw-la reos_fw-la ne_fw-la tam_fw-la mala_fw-la res_fw-la quibus_fw-la obsit_fw-la which_o sorry_a piece_n of_o dogg'rel_n be_v there_o translate_v into_o two_o distich_n in_o the_o nether_a saxon_a dialect_n much_o of_o the_o same_o strain_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n grubenhagen_n name_n name_n in_o the_o dutch_a language_n signify_v proper_o a_o grove_n or_o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o grube_n though_o afterward_o that_o word_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o castle_n build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o say_a family_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a principality_n thus_o the_o hague_n in_o holland_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a s'gravenhaghe_n which_o be_v ordinary_o render_v in_o latin_a by_o haga_n comitis_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n where_o it_o seem_v the_o earl_n of_o that_o province_n be_v ancient_o use_v to_o hunt_v and_o indeed_o this_o whole_a principality_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o large_a forest_n wood._n hercynian_n wood._n most_o of_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hartz_n or_o sylva_n hercynia_n mention_v by_o roman_a writer_n julius_n cesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n say_v that_o this_o wood_n be_v at_o least_o nine_o day_n journey_n in_o breadth_n and_o of_o a_o unaccountable_a length_n several_a man_n he_o tell_v we_o have_v travel_v forty_o day_n together_o straight_o forward_a in_o it_o but_o that_o no_o man_n dare_v ever_o yet_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v see_v both_o end_n of_o it_o the_o german_a word_n hartz_n out_o of_o which_o without_o all_o question_n the_o latin_n form_v their_o hercynia_n signify_v proper_o rosin_n or_o pitch_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o the_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n the_o only_a timber_n wherewith_o this_o forest_n abound_v since_o the_o empire_n begin_v to_o be_v cultivate_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n understand_v the_o advantage_n of_o unite_n themselves_o into_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o hercynian_a wood_n have_v in_o many_o place_n be_v convert_v into_o great_a town_n and_o large_a cornfield_n but_o yet_o pass_v over_o these_o it_o be_v still_o easy_a to_o tract_n it_o
quite_o cross_a the_o country_n in_o this_o principality_n be_v most_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n mine_n mine_n copper_n lead_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v at_o rammelsberg_n wildeman_n and_o zellerfeld_n rammelsberg_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n goslar_n on_o one_o side_n shade_v with_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n but_o on_o the_o other_o cover_v with_o nothing_o but_o moss_n the_o german_a historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o mine_n on_o this_o mounttain_n be_v first_o discover_v in_o the_o year_n 972_o by_o a_o hunter_n who_o have_v tie_v his_o horse_n to_o a_o bush_n and_o go_v some_o distance_n from_o he_o at_o his_o return_n find_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o ore_n beat_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n with_o his_o horse_n hoof_n this_o hunter_n they_o say_v be_v surname_v ram_n and_o thence_o the_o mountain_n get_v the_o name_n of_o rammelsberg_n upon_o the_o bruit_n of_o this_o discovery_n the_o emperor_n otho_n i._n immediate_o procure_v a_o company_n of_o frank_n that_o well_o understand_v the_o art_n of_o melt_v and_o refine_n all_o sort_n of_o mineral_n and_o send_v they_o hither_o to_o teach_v the_o saxon_n their_o mystery_n to_o which_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v utter_a stranger_n from_o these_o frank_n the_o town_n of_o frankenburg_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o rammelsberg_n have_v its_o name_n not_o long_o after_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o mountain_n have_v be_v thus_o discover_v the_o miner_n be_v grow_v so_o numerous_a that_o this_o one_o place_n can_v neither_o find_v work_n nor_o food_n enough_o for_o such_o vast_a multitude_n as_o daily_o resort_v thither_o whereupon_o they_o begin_v to_o seek_v for_o new_a treasure_n in_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n and_o meet_v with_o so_o good_a success_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1045_o as_o albinus_n testify_v another_o great_a vein_n of_o ore_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o place_n where_o wild-man_n now_o stand_v and_o a_o three_o at_o zellerfeld_n in_o the_o year_n 1070._o this_o last_o town_n be_v now_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o mine-city_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brunswic_n here_o the_o chief_a overseer_n of_o the_o mine_n keep_v his_o court_n every_o saturday_n and_o order_n every_o workman_n his_o pay_n for_o the_o week_n past_a the_o chief_a metal_n which_o be_v find_v in_o these_o mine_n be_v silver_n lethargy_n lead_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o two_o sort_n of_o copper_n one_o whereof_o be_v melt_v out_o of_o the_o ore_n like_o other_o metal_n the_o other_o be_v make_v by_o the_o vitriol_n water_n upon_o great_a plate_n of_o iron_n which_o they_o steep_a in_o trough_n make_v for_o this_o purpose_n beside_o these_o metal_n they_o find_v a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o mineral_n which_o abundant_o recompense_v the_o workman_n labour_n though_o not_o sufficient_a to_o atone_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v too_o often_o take_v away_o by_o their_o nauseous_a and_o deadly_a smell_n the_o rich_a of_o these_o be_v 1._o grey_a vitriol_n 2._o atramentstein_n or_o ink-stone_n a_o mineral_n of_o many_o various_a colour_n out_o of_o these_o two_o bray_v and_o boil_v together_o be_v make_v the_o ordinary_a green_a vitriol_n 3._o gedien_fw-mi vitriol_n which_o grow_v like_o icicle_n out_o of_o the_o rock_n and_o may_v be_v use_v without_o any_o further_o cleanse_v or_o purify_n 4._o blue_n vitriol_n common_o make_v out_o of_o the_o copper_n ore_n 5._o white_a vitriol_n make_v of_o lead_n ore_n 6._o misy_n a_o mineral_n much_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o nature_n with_o the_o ordinary_a yellow_a brimstone_n 7._o brimstone_n make_v out_o of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o ore_n find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n out_o of_o which_o drop_v the_o store_n sulphuris_fw-la which_o usual_o coagulate_a like_o icesicles_n the_o several_a way_n of_o discover_v of_o mine_n order_v of_o mineral_n ore_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o here_o as_o at_o friberg_n and_o other_o mine-town_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n so_o that_o for_o a_o account_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a rarity_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o misnia_n the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n be_v eimbeck_n or_o einbeck_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o say_v letzner_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o confluence_n of_o a_o great_a many_o small_a rivulet_n in_o this_o place_n into_o one_o common_a stream_n for_o beck_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o northern_a english_a signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a word_n bache_n a_o rivulet_n or_o small_a torrent_n the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v former_o in_o breuhane_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o export_v into_o many_o of_o the_o neighbour_a part_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o citizen_n have_v addict_v themselves_o exceed_o to_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n and_o enrich_v the_o city_n mighty_o with_o their_o comtrade_n which_o will_v doubtless_o be_v daily_o advance_v if_o they_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n to_o take_v off_o their_o vast_a stock_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n clausthal_n altenau_n andreasberg_n osterrode_v and_o the_o other_o great_a town_n of_o this_o principality_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n breed_v in_o cave_n and_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o trouble_v themselves_o with_o the_o erect_n of_o fair_a structure_n above_o ground_n the_o county_n of_o blanckenburg_n and_o reinstein_n this_o county_n as_o appear_v from_o many_o ancient_a charter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o instrument_n sign_v by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n be_v former_o call_v hartingow_n or_o hartgow_n which_o name_n the_o dutch_a writer_n explain_v by_o das_z gow_z a_o hartz_n and_o we_o may_v english_a it_o the_o hercynian_a 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