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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A96634	The remaining medical works of that famous and renowned physician Dr. Thomas Willis ... Viz I. Of fermentation, II. Of feavours, III. Of urines, IV. Of the ascension of the bloud, V. Of musculary motion, VI. Of the anatomy of the brain, VII. Of the description and uses of the nerves, VIII. Of convulsive diseases : the first part, though last published, with large alphabetical tables for the whole, and an index ... : with eighteen copper plates / Englished by S.P. esq.	Willis, Thomas, 1621-1675.; Loggan, David, 1635-1700?	1681 (1681)	Wing W2855A; ESTC R42846	794,310	545

Because after the Summer solstice the North wind still blowing a cold season remained for a long while so that the Fruit and Corn this year was feared by the Husbandmen would scarce be throughly ripened but after this a little before the beginning of July a most fierce heat followed for several days and when the Dog days were begun the Air grew most cruelly hot that one could scarce indure the open Air. By reason of this heat and cold in excess the temperature of this year was very unequal wherefore there was a necessity for our Blood to be now fixed and as it were congealed now too much roasted and so perverted from its natural disposition to a scorched and melancholly temper also it came to pass that the Pores of the skin were much altered from their right constitution that by that means an insensible transpiration could not be performed after the wonted manner From the time that the former Feaver ceased almost to the end of the Dog days there was a state of health and free from all popular Diseases but then a few here and there among the Villages and in lesser places first fell sick but afterwards about the end of August a new Feaver suddenly arising began to spread through whole Regions every-where round about us also this as the other which spread the last Autumn raged chiefly in Country Houses and Villages but in the mean time few of the Inhabitants of the greater Towns and Cities fell sick At the same time in other Regions situate at a distance from us yea almost throughout England the Epidemical Feaver was said to rage and in some other places to be far more deadly than it was about our Country Perhaps the Idea of this Feaver now reigning had not the provision of its symptoms alike in all places or was noted wholly with the same appearances and accidents yet whatever it shewed in our parts as to its nature I shall briefly and succinctly add from our own proper observation or what I had learnt being communicated from others About the beginning of this Disease its figure was wandring and very uncertain because in some there was a continual fervor in others it was intermitting being renewed by set fits but at this time it hapned to very many as a pathognomic symptom that they were ill in their brain and nervous stock that presently from the very beginning of this Feaver almost all complained of their head being grievously distempered For a cruel headach infested some and hardness of hearing with a noise in the ears troubled others but to most was wont to happen either a stupidness and heavy sleepiness with a vertiginous Distemper or pertinacious wakings with a delirium and distractions of the animal spirits I have observed in some that on the first or second day of their sickness that little broad and red spots like to the measles have leisurely broke forth in the whole body which being shortly vanished the Feaver presently became stronger and especially the Distempers of the head far more grievous From thence a benumedness of the senses and a sleepiness fell upon some for many days that they lay a long while as if dying without speaking or knowledg of their friends I knew others to have fallen from hence into a Lethargy and others cast into an Apoplexie and some into a Phrensie and Delirium Of these the younger and strong men yet not without a long languishment and doubtful recovery most of them escaped in the mean time old men or other ways weak and sickly generally died Those who fell sick with the Feaver as it were continual with those notes of malignity were more rare and the distempered were only sporadically in some houses only But the sickness which most commonly spread about us fell upon most and tho it cruelly raged it seemed to imitate an intermitting Feaver to wit either a Tertian or a Quotidian for that the sick had fits either every day or which I more often observed every other day which infested them grievously and a long while with cold heat and sweat succeeding in order but these kind of fits as also the course of the whole Disease were wont to be noted with diversity according to the age and temper of the sick and with various concourse of symptoms and accidents Yet this was common to most of I had like to have said all the sick that together with the Feaver they were troubled with Cephalic Distempers When therefore any one was troubled with this Disease whether the sickness was excited from an evident cause or Contagion or without any manifest occasion its coming betrayed it self by a pain in the head and often in the loyns with thirst want of appetite spontaneous weariness and heat tho not strong if it hapned in a young Body of a florid Blood and more hot temper the fits wanted the cold and shivering about its beginning but they were very troublesome and sharp with long heat The sick were often troubled with vomiting and their head aked cruelly for the most part sweat difficulty succeeded which being often partial and quickly broke off rarely cured the fit but when the sweat failed they grew hot again that scarce in 18 or 24 hours the fit was finished in some In the mean time from the Blood being very fervent the phantasie was disturbed that oftentimes a Delirium absurd or idle talking wakings and high inquietudes were stirred up during the fit but the same being finished in the time between still a troublesome thirst a slow heat languor of spirits and great debility of strength with an headach and a vertiginous Distemper for the most part molested them It was rarely found for any to find themselves indifferently well as in a common Tertian between the fits About the beginning of the Disease the feaverish fiercenesses were somewhat more mild which afterwards at every turn leisurely grew worse and then began with cold and shaking to which nevertheless after a long and very troublesome heat sweat very hardly succeeded in most so that the fit rarely ended in its due temper Within six or seven periods the strength of the sick was much cast down that being made languid and weak they had an hard task to struggle with the Disease because unless Nature were succoured by Art the Feaver still prevailed and rarely or never in a short time was it cured by a Crisis or leisurely remitted but it brought the sick into great streights by its long siege and still persisting till the Blood being by its frequent deflagration made very liveless and watery was unable to grow too hot in the Vessels of its own accord or to be inkindled more plentifully in the heart and then oftentimes became so dead and wanting of spirits that being insufficient for the continuing of the Vital Lamp it brought in Death But sometimes the mass of Blood being depraved and made poor by this Disease was able tho hardly to continue the half extinct Vital

AETATIS SVAE 45. D Loggan delin et sculp THE REMAINING MEDICAL WORKS OF THAT FAMOUS and RENOWNED PHYSICIAN Dr Thomas Willis OF Christ-Church in OXFORD and Sidley Professor of Natural Philosophy in that famous UNIVERSITY VIZ. I. Of Fermentation II. Of Feavours III. Of Urines IV. Of the Accension of the Bloud V. Of Musculary Motion VI. Of the Anatomy of the Brain VII Of the Description and uses of the Nerves VIII Of Convulsive Diseases The First Part though last Published With large Alphabetical Tables for the whole and an Index for the Explaining all the hard and unusual Words and terms of Art derived from the Latine Greek or other Languages for the benefit of the meer English Reader and meanest capacity With Eighteen Copper Plates Englished by S. P. Esq LONDON Printed for T. Dring C. Harper J. Leigh and S. Martyn and are to be sold at the Corner of Chancery-lane and the Flower-de-Luce over against St Dunstans Church in Fleet-street MDCLXXXI TO THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL Sr Theophilus Biddulph KNIGHT and BARONET Honoured Sir I Have presumed to Dedicate these my labours to you being the Translation of a most Worthy and Learned Author Dr. Tho. Willis his Works out of the Latine into our Mother Tongue for the benefit of my Country-men and knowing you have always been a general and generous Patriot a lover of your Country and of all manner of Industry and Ingenuity I question not but you will kindly receive this my Dedication though not for my sake yet for the many admirable things that may be found in the Book it self and for the good and benefit which this my laborious task may bring to the publick As I doubt not of your innate Goodness having already had some particular experience thereof so I shall no ways fear an unkind reception And although I launch not into the sea of your Praises as is the late custom of Dedicators to do I am perswaded that this my plain Epistle will be as kindly accepted for I know you to be so modest a Man as not to love to see all your good Actions Virtues and worth Rhetorically painted and laid open before your Eyes for as your Worth is too well known this way to receive any addition so the praise thereof being needless will rather cause you to blush than be any ways pleas'd But yet I cannot forbear to take notice to the World that your whole Life has been a true pattern of Loyalty and Religion which in these troublesome and distracted times may be worthily related and mentioned as a praise-worthy Example for others to imitate and follow and that you are both a true lover of the Church of England your King and Country which you have eminently shew'd in all your Actions and manifested to the World by your several publick Employs in the behalf of your Country and of the Renowned City of London of which you are a most worthy Member And no doubt but that it is for this your stedfastness in Religion your Loyalty to your Prince your Love to your Country and your uprightness in your Dealings that God hath showered on you all manner of external Blessings giving you a fair Estate through your own Industry Wisdom and Prudence a Virtuous Consort and a prosperous Issue the fair and flourishing Branches of your Ancient Stock and Family To all which outward felicities I shall pray That God may also indue your noble Soul with the Celestial and Eternal Blessings and treasures of the World to come and that you may be constantly happy both here and hereafter I remain Honoured Sir Your most humble and faithful Servant S. PORDAGE A Medical-Philosophical Discourse OF FERMENTATION OR Of the Intestine Motion of PARTICLES IN EVERY BODY BY Dr. THOMAS WILLIS of Christ-Church in Oxford and Sidley Professor of Natural Philosophy in that Famous University Translated into English by S. P. LONDON Printed for T. Dring C. Harper J. Leigh and S. Martin MDCLXXXI TO THE Most Reverend Father in Christ And the Right Honorable HIS GRACE GILBERT By Divine Providence Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Primate and Metropolitan of all England and one of His Majesties most Honorable Privy-Councellors Most Holy Prelate THE Eagle will not acknowledg his suspected Chicken by one only sign for it is not enough that it can look against the light unless it be able also to behold the Sun's Beams without winking and indeed altho this our hasty issue whether by the help of its own blindness or of that doubtful light in which it liv'd hath been able to come abroad yet it hath not sufficiently given marks of its true race until it might delight its Eye with your brightness as at the Sun's Beams These Meditations or Discourses tho several times published now therefore at length boast that they are able to shew themselves to the light first with your Sacred name in the front it is then but reason that the same Mecaenas who hath brought me forth into the open light from my own darkness and from the filthiness and soot in which I was involved being condemned among the metals should think not it any detraction to lend to my Works Ornament and Splendor as well as to the Author and Publisher It was by your means most Noble Prelate that I obtained the Votes in this Famous Vniversity for the place of Sidly Professor for how small soever my Merits might seem they were helped by the greatness and weight of your opinion I am exceeding conscious to my self how unfit being destitute of all help I came to that Province both for the Dignity of the Place of the Vniversity and of my Mecaenas yet I believe nothing is to be dispair'd of under so great Auspicies I would therefore if there be any thing at any time more happily thought of in the scrutiny of Nature and brought forth by me that it be not referred to my Ingenuity or which I might perhaps more truely deserve my Industry but to the Influences of my Patron For to him only he Dedicates and Consecrates himself and all his who is Your Graces most humble And for ever obliged Servant T. W. THE PREFACE THE same thing happens to me about to speak of Fermentation that once did to a Famous Historian when he wrote his Commentary of the Roman Empire to wit whilst he endeavoured to draw forth as it were in a little Table the affairs only of that Nation he was necessitated not only to recount the Actions of one people but of all man-kind in like manner whilst I did meditate on a few things only concerning the energy and the means of the working of Ferments I have brought into this Tract as it were swelled up with a certain Ferment the whole Provision and Dowry of all Nature Entring upon this Disquisition I thought I had been tyed only to the Bakers Oven and Brewers Furnace being condemned to the Mill not to have proceeded beyond their limits unless by chance or with leave but after that

of Feavers which spread on many at once and by reason of the Contagion deadliness and conspicuous notes of virulency deserve to be called Pestilent or Malignant there are some others epidemical or popular which almost every year either in the Spring or Autumn rage in some Countries of which the Inhabitants for the most part of them are wont to be sick and not few especially of the Elder to dye In which notwithstanding no signs of Pestilence or Malignity appear neither does the Disease seem to spread from one and so to another so much by Contagion as to lay hold on many by reason of a predisposition impressed almost on all But these kind of distempers depend chiefly upon the foregoing Constitution of the year for if the season going before was very intemperate by reason of excess of cold or heat of dryness or humidity and so had continued for a long time it changes our Blood very much from its due temperature whereby it is apt afterwards to conceive Feaverish effervescencies and from hence a Feaver now of this Type or Figure now of that is produced which presently becomes Epidemical because it draws its beginning from a common cause wherewith the bodies of all are in a manner affected But such Feavers forasmuch as they depend upon the Blood having gotten a disposition now sharp now austere or of some other kind by reason of the temper of the year for the most part are of the rank of intermitting Feavers yet by a proper provision of Symptoms they are wont to be noted according to the peculiar Constitution of every year These are not able to be comprehended under a certain common rule or formal reason which may quadrat to the nature of each of these because they vary every year according to their several accidents However we will give you the descriptions of these kind of Feavers spreading of late years in this Region had at that time for some specimen of the rest and add it for a conclusion at the end of this Tract There yet remains to be ascribed to the rank of malignant Feavers some other private Feavers and participating of no Contagion of which sort chiefly are those which are wont to happen to Child-bearing women by reason of difficult and hard labour or by reason of the stoppage of their Courses Indeed it sufficiently appears by common observation that these are very dangerous and often mortal for if by the parts of the Womb being hurt or by cold being admitted or perhaps by any other cause the Courses are stopped and the humour which ought to be thrust forth shall be confused with the mass of the Blood it most wickedly infects it as it were with a certain venomous mixture that by that means presently a Feaver is excited which with an evil provision of Symptoms is very much beset viz. with heat and cruel thirst Vomiting pain of the Heart and watchings and for the most part obtains either no Crisis or a very difficult one because unless the wonted way of the flux of the Courses may be at length restored it is wont after the heat of the Blood hath been continued for some days to Communicate the evil to the Brain and nervous stock from whence by and by a Delirium Phrensie Convulsions and other most wicked distempers are most often induced which do not seldom end in Death but these sort of Feavers deserve a peculiar consideration which we have more fully determined to shew hereafter in a particular discourse concerning this business in the mean time we will undertake to propose some instances or examples of the Feavers but now delivered viz. of the Pestilent and Malignant The pestilent Feaver of late years hath more rarely spread in these Regions than the Plague it self of the only one of this kind which fell under our observation I will give you a brief description In the year 1643 when in the coming on of the Spring the Earl of Essex besieged Reading being held for the King in both Armies there began a Disease to arise very Epidemical however they persisting in that work till the besieged were forced to a surrender this Disease grew so grievous that in a short time after either side left off and from that time for many months fought not with the Enemy but with the Disease as if there had not been leisure to turn aside to another kind of Death this deadly Disease increasing they being already overthrown by Fate and as it were falling down before this one Death Essexe's Camp moving to the Thames pitched in the places adjacent where he shortly lost a great part of his men But the King returned to Oxford where at first the Souldiers being disposed in the open Fields then afterwards among the Towns and Villages suffered not much less For his Foot which it chiefly invaded being pact together in close houses when they had filled all things with filthiness and unwholsom nastiness and stinking odors that the very Air seemed to be infected they fell sick by Troops and as it were by Squadrons At length the Feaver now more than a Camp Feaver invaded the unarmed and peaceable Troops to wit the entertainers of the Souldiers and generally all others yet at first the Disease being yet but lightly inflicted tho beset with an heavy and long languishment however many escaped About the Summer Solstice this Feaver began also to increase with worse provision of Symptoms and to lay hold on the Husbandmen and others inhabiting the Country Then afterwards spread through our City and all the Country round for at least Ten miles about In the mean time they who dwelt far from us in other Counties remained free from hurt being as it were without the sphere of the Contagion But here this Disease became so Epidemical that a great part of the people was killed by it and assoon as it had entred an house it run through the same that there was scarce one left well to administer to the sick strangers or such as were sent for to help the sick were presently taken with the Disease that at length for fear of the Contagion those who were sick of this Feaver were avoided by those who were well almost as much as if they had been sick of the Plague Nor indeed did there a less mortality or slaughter of men accompany this Disease because Cachectic and Pthisical old men or otherways unhealthful were killed by it also not a few of Children young men and those of a more mature and robust age I remember in some Villages that almost all the old men dyed this year that there were scarce any left who were able to defend the manners and priviledges of the Parish by the more anciently received Traditions When this Feaver first began it was somthing like the figure of a putrid Synochus but it was harder to be cured and when it seemed to be helped by a sweat or loosness presently it was wont to be renewed again

but for the most part after the deflagration of the Blood continued for six or seven days this remitting and instead of a Crisis the adust matter being translated to the Brain the sick for a long time keeping their Beds with raging somtimes but more often with a stupefaction with great weakness and somtimes with Convulsive motions scarcely escaped at last About the middle of the Summer besides the Contagion and frequent burials this Disease betrayed its malignity and pestilential force in open signs viz. By the eruption of Whelks and Spots because about this time in many there appeared without any great burning of the Feaver an unequal weak and very much disordered pulse also without a manifest expense of Spirits their strength presently became languishing and very much dejected In others sick after the same manner appeared little Blisters or Measles now small and red now broad and livid in many Buboes as in the Plague about the glandulas of these some died silently and unforeseen without any great strugling of the Spirits or Feaverish burning excited in the Blood in the mean time others by and by becoming furibundous whilst they lived suffered most horrid distractions of the animal Spirits Those about to escape from this Disease without any laudible Crisis unless they were the sooner freed by a sweat provoked by Art the Brain and nervous stock becoming distempered at length with a benummedness of the senses tremblings vertigo debility of the members and Convulsive motions did not grow well but of a long time after During the Dog-days this Disease being still infestous began to be handled not as a Feaver but as a lesser Plague and to be overcome only by Poyson-resisting Remedies letting of Blood was believed to be fatal to this Vomits and Purges somtimes tho not often were made use of but the chiefest means of Cure were accounted to be procured by Alexiteriums and timely sweat For this end besides the prescripts of Physicians to be had at the Apothecaries some Emperical Remedies deserved no small praise then first of all the pouder of the Countess of Kent began to be of great esteem in this Country also of no less note was another pouder of the colour of Ashes which a certain Courtier staying by chance in this City gave to many with good success and to others approving of the use of it he sold it at a great price the sick were wont having taken half a dram of this in any Liquor to fall into a most plentiful sweat and so to be freed from the virulency of the Disease That Diaphoretick whose preparation I afterwards learnt from the Cousen German of the Author was only the pouder of Toads purged throughly with Salt and then washed in the best Wine and lightly calcined in an earthen Pot. The Autumn coming on this Disease by degrees remitted its wonted fierceness that fewer grew sick of it and of them many grew well till the approach of the Winter when this Feaver almost wholly vanished and health was rendred to this City and the Country round about fully and wholly Thus you have seen the beginning progress and end of this Feaver at first only a Camp Feaver but at length became Pestilential and Epidemical That at first the Disease began in the Souldiers Camp may seem to be imputed not only to their nastiness and stinking smells but in some sort to a common vice of the Air for as these Feavers come not every year their original may be ascribed partly to the peculiar Constitution of the year Because by that means a more light intemperance of the Air being contracted tho it did not affect the more healthful Inhabitants yet in the Army where evident causes viz. errors in the six non-naturals very much happen to the general procatartic cause there is a necessity for these kind of sicknesses easily to be excited For the constitution of this year was in the Spring very moist and slabbery almost with continual shours to which a more hot Summer succeeding and the infection of the Feaverish Contagion here first increasing still grew worse and disposed all Bodies the more for the receiving it wherefore that this Disease was almost proper to this Region and at this time Epidemical the seed of it ought to be ascribed to its first rising from the Army being quartered round about But forasmuch as it afterwards being made Pestilential and very Epidemical it infected most of the people living here and killed not a few the reason was the evil affection of the Air which because of the intemperance of the year being unwholsom besides by the continual breathing forth of stinking vapours from the Souldiers Camps and the quarters of the sick it became at last so vitious that the infection of the Feaver being dispersed in it was greatly exalted and arose almost to the virulency of the Plague Diemerbrochius relates from the like Camp Feaver arising in the Summer at Spires afterwards another Malignant and Pestilential and then the Plague it self to have accrewed Also it was a sign that this Feaver of ours became at last equal to the Plague it self besides the great force of the Contagion and the frequency of Burials most wicked distempers of the Blood and nervous Liquor being brought presently upon all by it because strength being suddenly overthrown the weak intermitting pulse the creeping forth of measly Blisters the eruption of Buboes argued the Coagulation and corruptive disposition of the Blood besides the Delirium Madness Phrensie Stupefaction Sleepiness Vertigo Tremblings Convulsive motions and divers other distempers of the Head shewed the great hurt of the Brain and nervous stock That the figure or Idea of this malignant Feaver may be painted to the life very many observations or histories of sick people are easily to be had of the many examples of this Disease I shall only mention a few which hapned some years since in the house of a venerable man and as with a mournful slaughter so not without some admiration About the Winter Solstice in the year 1653. a youth of about Seven years old without any manifest cause found himself ill being troubled with a pain of his Head Sleepiness and mighty Stupefaction with it he had a Feaver tho not strong with an ordinary burning which grew more grievous only by wandring fits somtimes once somtimes twice in Twenty four hours space presently from the beginning he slept almost continually also he was wont in his sleep to cry out to talk idly and to leap often out of his Bed being awakned and somtimes of his own accord awaking he presently came to himself and constantly called for drink his Urine was red and full of Contents his pulse equal and strong enough in his wrists appeared light contractures of the tendons and in his neck and other parts of his Body some red spots like Flea-bites At the first was ordered a light Purgation and a frequent taking down of the Belly by the use of Clysters he daily

formal reason of these kind of distempers may somewhat appear Since therefore of late years within a short tract of time three popular Diseases have spread in these Countrys I will add as a Crown to this work the several Descriptions of them made at those times when these Feavers raged A Description of an Epidemical Feaver spreading about Autumn in the Year 1657. taken in the middle of September WHilst we meditate the Description of a Feaver at this time cruelly raging it is fit that following the example of Hippocrates we first consider the foregoing constitution of the Year its intemperance and excess of qualities For Epidemical Diseases and commonly excited among the people are from a common cause such as the habit of the Year and by that means contracted a disposition of the Blood by which many are alike affected But that we may draw the matter from the beginning the last Spring and the time succeeding it even to the end of the Summer was all that half years space extremely dry and hot but especially after the Summer solstice the heats were so intense for many weeks following that day and night there was none that did not complain of the heat of the Air and were almost in a continual sweat and were not able to breath freely About the Calends of July this Feaver at first sporadical or particular began to break forth in some places that perhaps one or two were taken in the same City or Village In many it imitated the likeness of an intermitting Tertian viz. the Fits returned every other day which yet infested the sick with a most intense heat without any cold or shivering going before Vomiting and Choleric Stools plentifully hapned to most sweat succeeding but difficultly and often interrupted whereby the feaverish fit rarely ended in a remission but that all the time between the sick continued languishing and weak with thirst and restlessness in some when the business began to grow better after three or four fits cold and shivering began the fits and the Feaver became an exact intermitting Tertian But in most the Feaver still grew worse and presently became of an evil nature and difficult Cure with a depraved provision of symptoms for when the sick were highly heated in their fits and hardly sweated they were wont to commit errors which daily increased the strength of the Disease because by reason of the inpatience of the sick and the unskilfulness of Servants the sweat being interrupted which should have ended the fit of the Feaver after one fit was scarce finished another presently succeeded and so the Disease was wont to have wandring and uncertain periods without any intermission betweene and afterwards to pass into a kind of continual Feaver The condition of which sometimes being very dangerous with an evil affection of the Brain and nervous stock so that oftentimes a Lethargy or Delirium or not seldom cramps and Convulsive motions were excited About the month of August this Feaver began to spread far and near among the people that in every Region and Village many were sick of it but it was much more frequent in the Country and smaller Villages than in Cities or Towns It was still like an intermitting Feaver unless that it seemed more infestous than that is wont and with more cruel fits and shorter intermissions and therefore was called the new Disease besides it underwent the note of a certain malignity and gave knowledg of its Contagion and Deadliness insomuch that it crept from house to house infected with the same evil most of the same Family and especially those familiarly conversing with the sick yea old Men and Men of ripe Age it ordinarily took away If you respect the nature and essence of the Disease this Feaver properly should be referred to the rank of intermitting Feavers for the fits returned at set times also for the most part they began with cold and shivering and oftenest with vomiting and by and by a most intense heat proceeding they were finished at last with a sweat The Urine in most appeared of a flame colour thin in the fits with some hypostasis without it more thick and with a redish sediment altho with a most copious sweat and often iterated the Disease was not cured which might be expected in a continual Feaver yea the distemper continued exceeding long for many days sometimes months tho much evacuation almost daily hapned by vomit and sweat which we observe frequently in an intermitting Feaver rarely to happen in a continual out of the fit at any time of the Disease a purge was profitably instituted which in a Synochus before the sign of concoction were a wicked thing to attempt besides that this Feaver was of the intermitting kind it seems to appear from hence because very many recovered of it that scarce one of a thousand died which I scarce ever knew in an Epidemical Synochus About the first beginnings of this Disease it appeared very like to an intermitting Tertian altho afterwards in some by reason of the vitious provision of their body and errors committed in Dyet and sweating it seemed to change into a continual for in whom the fits were not rightly concluded nor ended in a remission by reason of the morbific matter not being throughly dispersed their Blood was continually hot from whence it came to pass that the fits sooner returned and continued longer till at length by reason of the plenty of matter and the languishment of Nature the Blood being made weaker endeavoured no longer to swell up and to separate the feaverish matter at set hours but to subdue it by little and little with a continual effervency We are to inquire concerning the causes of this Disease what may be the leading evident and conjunct cause viz. by the means of which it spread so generally and became Epidemical through all England by what means and for what occasion it was wont to be excited in all men and lastly what kind of alteration of the Blood and humors being induced brought forth this kind of Feaver with such a provision of symptoms and conserved it in the Act. I know it is easie to place wholly the cause of this so popular Disease in the malignant constitution of the Air to wit that the Particles of the Air in which we breath were infected by a certain extraneous Infection and not agreeable to our Nature the little bodies of which Infections being admitted within did ferment with the Blood and humors and so in most brought in this Feaver almost with the same appearance of symptoms For who dares deduce the original of a Disease so generally raging from a less public fountain or refer to any other place the received causes of Diseases than to that nest of Vital Air on which every one seeds But whilst I more attentively consider the thing it seems to me that its stem and as it were its first beginnings are to be sought a little deeper To wit that this Feaver is

same disease did fall upon our Countrey men here and there also at other times for that of late in this City all the younger people of a certain family were sick of it yea I remember that some time past very many laboured with such a feavour Out of the many histories and examples of sick people which it rendred when it was epidemical I will here propose one or two A strong and lively young man about the beginning of the spring 1661 falling Observation 1 sick without any evident cause without any great heat or thirst he became suddenly weak and as if enervated with a dejected appetite and languor of spirits Cathartick Remedies Antipyretics or allaying of heat digestives and also antiscorbuticks and others of various kindes administred by the prescriptions of the most famous Physitians availed nothing But notwithstanding the sick man hitherto languishing with a slow and wandring feavour with a quick and feeble pulse a deep-colour'd urine had kept his bed a fortnight besides being reduced to the greatest leanness he complained of a giddiness and as it were the fluctuation of a sound in his head and a tingling noyse in his ears Altho he was troubled with a great stupor yet his sleeps were mightily troubled and broken with delirious fables After four days when the feavour was not yet declined it was thought good to take away four or five ounces of blood by Leeches from the sedal veins from hence the feavour began to be much exasperated for a great intense heat with thirst watchings and almost continual tossing of the body also the tongue dry and scurfy appeared then quickly a troublesome cough with abundance of discoloured spittle followed to him were administred almond and barly-drinks with temperate bechicks or things to stop coughing boyled in them water of milk distill'd with snails and pectoral herbs the shelly-powders prepared nitre and often Cordial opiats which notwithstanding scarce giving any help the sick man still became more weak when in this manner being sick above two months space the feavourish distemperature and cough also dayly growing worse he seemed near death at length a voluntary sweating arising so that every night or every other night he sweat abundantly and from thence finding himself better using then the aforesaid Remedies he grew well within six weeks Till I had seen many sick people after the same manner I suspected this disease to be alltogether an hectick feavour with a consumptive disposition of the Lungs but when I saw many others at that time fall sick ordinarily after the like manner I easily instituted the Aetiologie or national account of this feavour such as I have already described to wit that the blood because of the intemperature of the year and perhaps from errors in dyet The reason of it had contracted a vitious procatarxis or remote cause Then it growing feavourishly hot and presently carrying its impurities to the brain and so depraving the juice watering it and the nervous stock induced the vertiginous distempers with a stupor a languishing of spirits and an atrophy of the whole body but so long as the blood did transfer its recrements from its own bosom into the brain and nervous appendix the feavourish heat continued more gentle and milde But afterwards when the tending downwards of the morbific matter by the opening of the hemorhoid veins was drawn away from the brain the same being first retained within the bloody mass increased the feavour then being poured on the Lungs excited the cruel cough with plentifull spittle but forasmuch as the flesh of the Lungs remained free from putrefaction as soon as the serous water was sent away by a more plentifull sweating the sick man became free both from the feavour and phthisis or Consumption that seemed so deplorable Observation 2 In the mean time whilst he lay sick I visited another about 12. years of age after the like manner affected But this when I was fir●t sent for having been sick above a month was reduced to the leanness of a Skelliton besides he was troubled with a vertigo with a noise in his ears and deafness and also with a violent cough with yellow and as it were consumptive spittle his pulse was quick and feeble his urine red and thick his appetite much dejected his spirits so languid and his strength so cast down that he could not keep out of his bed I gave this youth to drink often in a day water distill'd from milk with snails and temperate herbs besides I ordered him an open decoction such as is in use for the Rickets to be daily taken instead of his ordinary drink by the help of which Remedies he was restored to his health in a months space At this time I was sent for to many other people of every age and sex distemper'd by the same disease now clearly Epidemical for it running thorow whole families not only in this City and the neighbouring parts but in the Countries at a great distance as I heard from Physitians dwelling in other places increased very much Those for the most part labouring with this feavour so be they were otherwise whole grew well by the fit use and order of medicine and dyet but it hapned very often but ill to those who were indued with a weakly constitution of brain and nervous stock or broken with age but not seldom the case of the sick became dangerous because the Physitians were not wont to be sent for presently after the beginning of the disease yea scarcely before it had more deeply spread abroad its roots and the opportunity of healing was past Observation 3 For that reason this feavour became very deadly in the family of a certain Noble man among his children originally obnoxious to Cephalic distempers About the vernal Aequinox a Boy of about eleven years of Age began to be sick At first without any vehement heat or thirst a dejection of appetite and want of strength came upon him Besides an almost continual giddiness did trouble him with a frequent danger of fainting that he often thought he was just dying By the advice of a certain woman attending him they dayly gave him Clisters then when from the foulness of the mouth and Tongue manifest signes of a Feavour appeared this Emperick on the fifth day gave him a vomit of the Infusion of Crocus metallorum and on the seaventh day a Cordial powder being administred she incited the sick youth covered with blankets to sweat his skin hardly began to be moist but presently he began to talk idly complained that his Cap was fallen into the water by and by becoming speechless within four hours whilst I was sent for he expir'd before I came Observation 4 A little while after the same disease fell upon his yonger Sister whose sickness however because it was accompanied with a frequent and humid Cough was thought at first to be only a taking of Cold but within a few days this Cough became plainly Convulsive so that