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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47947	Il cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa, or, The history of the cardinals of the Roman Church from the time of their first creation, to the election of the present Pope, Clement the Ninth, with a full account of his conclave, in three parts / written in Italian by the author of the Nipotismo di Roma ; and faithfully Englished by G.H.; Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa. English	Leti, Gregorio, 1630-1701.; G. H.	1670 (1670)	Wing L1330; ESTC R2263	502,829	344

honourably But all that money would be reserv'd either for the Chamber or for the Nephews or for the Pope because Princes receive not the Cap out of any regard to the profit of the Cardinalship but by their being Cardinals to adde profit to the Church On the other side the Court of Rome is so far Majestick and reckon'd among the principal of the World by how far the Cardinals do render it so for by how much the persons are considerable that carry the Purple by so much is the Court more splendid and magnificent because the Court is made magnificent by the Cardinals To this purpose I remember I was speaking one day with a Foreign Gentleman of the Grandeur of the Court of Rome and I having said that its greatest ornament and glory consisted in the persons of the Cardinals who resembling Kings the Court by consequence was adorn'd with as many Kings as Cardinals But he having been in Rome and holding particular intelligence had good information of the interests and policies of the Popes answered me thus Sir the habit makes not the Monk but the Monk the habit An ill man though he wears a Religious habit is but an ill man still but a good man in the worst habit shall be esteem'd good notwithstanding In like manner it is not the Purple that makes the Cardinal but the Cardinal the Purple so that the Cardinals would be Kings indeed if the Popes would choose them amongst the Princes and not amongst such as they too often do To speak the truth how can that Cardinal be an honour to the Court that cannot read how can he adde splendor to the Papacy that cannot write how can he give Majesty to an Imperial City that is but the off-spring of a Country Village how can he merit the Title of a King that never convers'd but with the vilest of the people Yet of such kind of stuff the Popes make their Cardinals too often and then how can that Court be thought great or serviceable to the Church if they that serve it are Kings indeed by name but Scoundrils in fact Let that Cap be bestow'd on those that know how to wear it let him be advanc'd to the Cardinalship that has deserv'd to be a King In short those Popes that desire to see the Church and the Court shining in Majesty and splendor let not them conferr that honour upon the quantity but the quality of the Persons Innocent the tenth began his promotions with the greatest glory in the World having open'd his Creation by giving his first Cap to the most Serene Prince Gio. Carlo di Medici Brother to the Great Duke of Tuscany and that on the 14th of November 1644. a person of that worth that for those twenty years he liv'd a Cardinal he may be said to have been the glory of the Colledge The next year continuing in that good humour he created Francisco Maria Farnese Brother to the Duke of Parma who joyning the Highness of his Birth to the Eminence of the Cardinalship added honour to the Order and had done it more had not the untimeliness of his death prevented it The third year he gave the Cap to Giovanni Casimiro the King of Polands Brother which he afterwards resign'd in the year 1648. being call'd back to receive that Crown in the room of his Brother that was lately dead by that means making it clear that the Purple can produce a Scepter if the Purple be taken from the Scepters And last of all in the last year but one of his Pontificate ambitious perhaps to immortalize his Name by admitting the most Eminent persons into the Colledge he created Prince Frederick Lantgrave of Hassia Cardinal of whom we have spoken already in his proper place Paul the fifth had a particular aim thorow the whole course of his Popedom to ennoble the Court to adde new Majesty to the Colledge and to select such persons as were proper by their own grandeur to defend the honour of the Church and accordingly in three promotions he advanc'd five Princes of very great quality to the Cardinalship viz. Mauritio Son to the Duke of Savoy who renounc'd it afterwards to marry one of the Neeces holding it less scandal to subject himself to a Lady than to be a slave to the Nipotisme of Vrban the eighth Ferdinando and Vicenzo Gonsaga both Sons to the Duke of Mantoa Carlo di Medici Son to the Duke of Tuscany and Ferdinando Infante di Spagna who as Histories report immortaliz'd the honour of the Cardinalship by fighting for the Faith of Christ Vrban the eighth that lived Pope so long although he created three Princes Cardinals viz. Nicolo Francisco Brother to the Duke of Lorain Gio. Alberto Brother to the King of Poland and Rinald d'Este Brother to the Duke of Modena yet for all that he was either diverted by his Kindred afterwards or else his own inclinations were not fix'd upon such Noble objects and he endeavour'd to keep at a distance from the Colledge such persons as deserv'd the Cap not only for the glory of their Birth but for the many services they had perform'd for the Church In this manner Vrban kept several Princes as far from the Cardinalship as was possible and amongst the rest Francisco Maria Farnese Brother to the Duke of Parma who as many wayes deserv'd it as any one But the Pope postponing the publick interest of the Church to the fancy and Capriccio of his Kindred depriv'd the Colledge of so Honourable a Member the Church of so considerable a Protector his own Family of so potent a support and his own person of the acquisition of a Fame more immortal than that of his being Pope For when the Popes do give occasion and matter to have it immortaliz'd they immortalize their own Names themselves nor can they find any more honourable way than by filling the Cardinalitial Colledge with persons of Honour But that which is most considerable is he not only disoblig'd the Cardinal Princes that were created by Paulus but those few also that he created himself being forc'd thereto for certain pittifull and poor-spirited reasons in so much that they were leaving of the Court and retiring out of Rome rather than to see the Prerogative of their Births prostituted to a few persons that had not wit nor education enough to use them civilly especially such as had deserv'd their promotion by their other virtues And it is most certain I beg the pardon of their relations that are living because I write only the common opinion and what is declar'd in several Histories the Church would have been in great perplexity to see it self out of all hopes of being serv'd by Princes if another Vrban had succeeded the former and not an Innocent But that God that governs all things above the comprehension of man put clear other thoughts into the heart of Innocent who by his Divine providence was call'd to the Papacy than what were in Vrban for as

Subsistence after his Conversion The honest Italian answer'd him boldly That his intention was to live like an honest man The Protestant smil'd as well understanding his meaning nevertheless he made as if he understood him not as indeed he did not in that manner wherein he explain'd himself to him afterwards and therefore he intreated him to declare himself more openly and in plain words what he meant by living like an honest man The other with a face more impudent than before thinking to acquit himself well and to oblige not only the Protestant with whom he talk'd but the whole City and perhaps too hoping to receive some present before-hand answer'd him in the following words Sir I resided eighteen years at Venice in which City I liv'd alwayes like an honest man My peculiar and most frequent imployment was to serve my friends by killing sometimes one at the request of another and sometimes cudgelling such or such a man at the instance of this or the other My pay was not great for commonly I took but ten Crowns for killing a man and five for giving one the Bastinado But this practice of mine being by my envious Enemies signifi'd to the Councel of Ten order was issu'd forth for my Imprisonment Whereupon I found great difficulty to escape the hands of the Officers who together with several of my ill-willers search'd for me in all the places where I us'd to practice But to secure my person from a Persecution so dangerous to my life I determin'd to leave not only Venice and Italy but likewise the Catholick Religion and to embrace Heresie it being to me a thing indifferent to live a Catholick or Heretick Now therefore if you will do me the honour to receive me into this City I promise to keep my self alwayes in the estate of a gallant man with the same employment and I shall say further and engage my word for it that I will practise here at far cheaper rates for whereas at Venice I us'd to kill a man for ten Crowns I will kill a man in this City for five and give the Bastinado to any Body for a single Crown And thus having an imployment of my own it will be no hard matter for me to maintain my self and live like an honest man The Protestant amaz'd hereat remain'd a while in a manner out of himself and took himself to be rather in a dream than awake till after some space for recollection he fell to consider the Orator with a more heedfull eye and observing that his whole outside gave confirmation that he was really such a Varlet as his discourse had pourtray'd him he gently took up the fold of his Coat and smelling to it between jest and indignation he said to him my good friend you smell strong of the Gallows and I shall tell you further that if the Senate receive any intimation of your quality they will soon create you a Knight of the Hempen Cord and not fail to give you a passport to the Gallows whether such gallant fellows are wont to be sent by the Justice of this place At the hearing of these words of the Protestant the blood became frozen in the veins of the Florentine who lik'd not such Honours for the Commonwealth of Geneva and if at first he thought to make his fortune by discovering his Profession he now fell down trembling at the feet of the Protestant praying him with tears not to discover him and telling him that he was resolv'd to depart the Town whereupon the Protestant yielding to his request he made such hast out of Geneva that he went not back to the Inn to fetch his Portmantle which 't is likely the Host keeps to this day though I believe but little worth Another not unlike Example I will likewise set down with brevity because more fresh than the other It came into the head of a certain Neapolitan to change his Religion although he had never liv'd in Italy with the appearance of any at all To which purpose he went to Geneva where at his arrival inquiring for somebody that understood Italian well his Host conducted him to the same Protestant mention'd in the above-mentioned Story of the Florentine After some common Ceremonies the Protestant ask'd him concerning his quality and what cause had brought him thither To the first question the Neapolitan answer'd that he was the Son of the Duke della Noce and indeed his hands look'd as if they had been employ'd in pilling Wallnuts And to the second he answer'd that he had left Italy out of an humour having a fancy to try his fortune in another Climate and to live in a travelling way without being oblig'd to go to Mass and in brief he declar'd that he had good inspirations to become a Heretick and was firmly resolv'd upon it and therefore desir'd counsell and assistance in the matter Whilst these two persons were talking together the Bell chim'd to Church whereupon the Protestant took leave in order to go to the Sermon at which the Neapolitan amaz'd said to him to the Sermon Why do they believe a God in this City The Genevese laugh'd at the ignorance of the man or rather the impiety of the Beast and reply'd Did you leave your Country Sir to go and live in some place where God is not acknowledg'd If so for my part I advise you to recommend your self to the Devil for there is no other place but Hell wherein there is not a God and some Religion profess'd But in earnest I shall give you the counsel of a Friend which is to lose no time but get out of the Town as soon as possibly you can Otherwise you will be made to understand at the Gallows what punishment they deserve who speak in the manner as you do The poor Neapolitan terrifi'd at this language was not slow to take his leave but presently ran away on foot lest it might be too much loss of precious time to fetch his horse so great was his fear of being discover'd and brought under a tryal of dangerous questions From hence one may easily gather what reason there is to deplore the calamitous state of both Religions or rather the wretchedness of both sorts of Professors who live without knowing the true obligations and duties of Christian Life 'T is true the Examples of this nature are more numerous in the Catholick Church in regard of the greater multitude of Protestant Fugitives And I know a certain Protestant who keeps above half a dozen Letters of a certain Missionary Father which contain the agreement made between them the sum which the Missionary offer'd and that which the Protestant demanded to leave his own Religion and embrace the Roman Church This indeed is the practice of certain ignorant Missionaries who buy Missions of some Servant of the Cardinal who is Head of the Congregation de Propaganda fide and think by shewing a long list of Hereticks converted by their means to obtain of the

in other things apprehending some violence fortify'd himself in his Palace and was besieg'd there the space of five or six months But being weary of being close so long he embarqu'd in the Rhone upon certain Gallies which he had caus'd to be put in order for such an enterprize whilst he was besieg'd in his Palace and in them he escap'd into Catalonia which was his own Country Some there are who will have it that these Princes undertook to discourse in this manner to Benedict at the great instance and importunity of the French Cardinals who hated the said Benedict because he was a Catalonian and not a Frenchman besides which there were other reasons that render'd him odious and particularly whilst they were treating after the death of Clement the Anti-pope to choose a Cardinal of France they could not agree among themselves so that to remedy that they thought good to choose a third person which was Benedict as soon as he was created Anti-pope to shew his zeal for the good of the Church he began to make Laws for the reformation of abuses and many times he admonish'd the Cardinals to live with more Sanctity and abstain from Simony otherwise he would have them punish'd severely In short he was outwardly as meek as a Lamb but inwardly as rapacious as a Woolf The Cardinals therefore not being able to endure his humour they unanimously sollicited these Princes to put a remedy to the business and prevail that Benedict should be depos'd and another more worthy be elected Pope in his place The Italian Cardinals and the Cardinals of other Nations which were present in Rome after the death of Innocent having observ'd the great negligence the three last Popes had used and how little care they took to prevent the ruine which so long a Schism carry'd with it besides other evils they saw daily springing in Christendom Being enter'd into the Conclave in a place near Saint Peters they swore all of them solemnly upon the Holy Evangelists which their Dean held in his hand that they would every one of them renounce the Papacy if they were chosen so that the French or Catalonian Anti-pope renounc'd his Anti-papacy first The cause of this resolution was to satisfie the French who having introduc'd the custome of creating of Popes according to their own mode it seem'd impossible to turn them out of that way with reputation unless the Italians resolv'd to do the same and the rather because Benedict declar'd it would be in vain to think of a remedy for the scandal of the Church without a renunciation of both the Popes whereas if they renounc'd another would be chosen out of the whole Colledge of Cardinals that would be true and undoubted Pope whom the Princes and the people would make no difficulty to obey In the year 1406. Angelo Corraro a Venetian was created in Rome he was Cardinal of Saint Mark and took upon him the name of Gregory the 12th before he came out of the Conclave they made him promise in writing under the hand of the Notary to observe what he had promis'd and subscrib'd with his own hand and at last gave him an Oath but the place where these two Popes were to meet as we shall see by and by being in dispute and they not like to come to an agreement both Gregory and Benedict alleadging a thousand difficulties the French Cardinals resolv'd to abandon Benedict and the Italians Gregory and to declare them breakers of their Faith The Cardinals of Avignon and of Rome both being come to this resolution they met at Pisa and by common consent depriv'd Gregory and Benedict too all the rest of the Nations concurring with them but Catalonia and the hither part of Spain a strange thing the Spaniards who have been the greatest Schismaticks in the World are at present the zealousest Catholicks in the Universe The King of Scots and the Comte d'Armignac were favourers of Benedict But in despight of their contradictions the Cardinals resolv'd by common consent to create a Pope who in such calamitous times should govern the Church of Christ with Holiness and Piety and accordingly they elected Pietro Filardo a Minor Fryer and Archbishop of Milan who took upon him the name of Alexander the 5th a name suitable with his actions he being the most generous person that perhaps ever was amongst the Princes for which reason it was pleasantly said by himself that he was a rich Bishop a poor Cardinal and a beggerly Pope Gregory understanding the news of Alexanders creation and the sentence of the Cardinals against him and Benedict fled towards Romagna urging and insisting where-ever he came upon a General Council he stay'd at Rimini for some time where he was magnificently entertain'd by Carlo Malatesta Benedict after he had held a Council in the City of Perpignan by the intervention of his own friends he retir'd again for his greater security into his Castle of Paniscola where he had been a long time before But though these two Anti-popes had been depriv'd by the Council of Pisa nevertheless they desisted not from their Ecclesiastical and Papal functions creating of Cardinals and particularly Gregory created Gabriel Condolmero Cardinal who was afterwards Eugenius the 4th as we shall shew in its proper place He liv'd not above eight months Pope after his death the Cardinals assembled at Bologna where Alexander dyed and created Baltasar Cossa a Neopolitan Pope who would be call'd John the 22. This Election according to the opinion of several Writers was violent and forc'd because the said Baltasar being Legate not only of the Town but the Province of Bologna he had a certain number of Souldiers under his command which as soon as Alexander was dead he began to double and augment from whence it was collected that not being able to obtain it any other way he did it in order to his Election to the Papacy Be it as it will he was created Pope a Dignity he alwayes aspir'd to and that so ardently that having studied the Law for some time in his youth at Bologna and having commenc'd Doctor he departed for Rome on the way he met with a Friend of his who ask'd him whither he was going he answer'd him immediately I am going Brother to acquire the Papacy Being come to Rome he was made secret Chamberlain to Boniface the 9th and a while after created Cardinal of Saint Eustachius he was sent Legate to Bologna which City and the Country belonging to it he reduc'd in a short time to the obedience of the Church and a great part of Romagna therewith banishing and driving away some malefactors and executing others For the space of nine years he gain'd great honour and authority in Toland and a vast quantity of wealth After Alexander was dead he brib'd the Cardinals with his money especially those poor ones which Gregory created by which means he arriv'd at his so much desir'd Papacy Christendom being weary to see so many Schisms