at_o forty_o mile_n distance_n from_o hence_o wolga_n the_o 〈◊〉_d branch_n oâ—_n the_o wolga_n the_o river_n wolga_n cast_v out_o its_o second_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n call_v achtobenisna_n vtsga_n which_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o branch_n call_v achtobska_n which_o we_o mention_v before_o from_o this_o place_n down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n there_o grow_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o liquorice_n of_o a_o very_a large_a size_n liquorice_n liquorice_n its_o stalk_n be_v as_o thick_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm_n and_o sometime_o above_o four_o foot_n high_a the_o seed_n lie_v in_o cod_n upon_o the_o stalk_n yet_o be_v this_o inferior_a both_o in_o bigness_n and_o sweetness_n to_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o asia_n near_o the_o river_n of_o araxes_n twenty_o mile_n low_a be_v the_o city_n of_o szornogar_n seat_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o a_o high_a shoar_n near_o a_o vast_a plain_n without_o any_o tree_n or_o eminency_n its_o form_n be_v foursquare_a fortify_v with_o wooden_a tower_n and_o rampart_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n about_o 120_o mile_n hence_o be_v the_o mountainâ—_n oâ—_n polowon_a so_o call_v because_o half_a way_n betwixt_o zariza_n beforementioned_a and_o astrachan_n not_o many_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n volga_n three_o and_o four_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v buchwâ—stova_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o two_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o mile_n from_o thence_o the_o river_n wolga_n make_v a_o four_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o it_o call_v danitoska_n vtsga_n which_o do_v not_o mingle_v with_o any_o of_o the_o other_o three_o but_o disembogue_n by_o a_o particular_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n near_o 60_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n wolga_n the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n be_v the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v mituska_n which_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o main_a river_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o less_o branch_n the_o one_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o danilofska_n vtsga_n just_o now_o mention_v the_o other_o after_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o some_o mile_n fall_v again_o into_o the_o main_a river_n five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o busan_n volga_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n ten_o mile_n below_o which_o be_v the_o six_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n call_v baltzick_n as_o be_v three_o mile_n low_a the_o seven_o call_v knilusse_n which_o make_v the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n within_o which_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v seat_v and_o after_o have_v encompass_v this_o island_n it_o fall_v by_o several_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o utmost_a border_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n astrachan_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n in_o this_o place_n divide_v by_o the_o river_n volga_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n side_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n make_v there_o by_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o under_o the_o elevation_n of_o 26_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o now_o all_o inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n be_v tartar_n who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o live_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v 8000_o geometrical_a foot_n about_o but_o in_o the_o adjacent_a suburb_n which_o be_v fence_v in_o only_a with_o pallisadoe_n the_o fortification_n be_v all_o very_a high_a and_o of_o stone_n which_o at_o a_o distance_n make_v a_o very_a gallant_a appearance_n especial_o towards_o the_o riverside_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o turret_n and_o steeple_n of_o stone_n but_o the_o house_n within_o the_o city_n be_v all_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o low_a its_o inside_n do_v not_o appear_v answerable_a to_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o great_a artillery_n in_o this_o place_n of_o 500_o brass_n cannon_n and_o mortar_n proportionable_a the_o garrison_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n common_o amount_v to_o 5000_o man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o two_o weywode_n and_o other_o officer_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o two_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a commerce_n it_o be_v beside_o the_o muscovite_n frequent_v not_o only_o by_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n armenian_n and_o indian_n the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v a_o particular_a place_n assign_v they_o within_o the_o city_n it_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n in_o the_o year_n 1554._o by_o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n who_o have_v two_o year_n before_o conquer_v the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o those_o of_o nagaja_n then_o inhabit_v this_o city_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o it_o have_v secure_v his_o conquest_n over_o they_o by_o take_v their_o capital_a city_n he_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o the_o czar_n michael_n federovit_n add_v to_o it_o beside_o some_o new_a fortification_n that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v call_v strâ—litzagorod_n or_o the_o city_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v their_o quarter_n assign_v they_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v this_o kingdom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v beyond_o our_o purpose_n to_o give_v a_o short_a description_n both_o of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v past_o all_o question_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n 〈…〉_o the_o â—_z of_o 〈…〉_o which_o be_v by_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o scythian_n and_o sarmatian_n though_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tartar_n consist_v of_o several_a nation_n distinguish_v in_o their_o name_n language_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n those_o of_o nagaja_n with_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n before_o mention_v and_o some_o other_o betwixt_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v indian_n who_o have_v revolt_v from_o their_o 〈◊〉_d do_v about_o the_o year_n 1212._o settle_v themselves_o near_o the_o euxine_a sea_n upon_o the_o palus_n meotides_n the_o place_n of_o habitation_n of_o the_o ancient_n getae_n from_o whence_o they_o extend_v their_o conquest_n first_o to_o the_o river_n don_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o last_o to_o the_o wolga_n near_o which_o they_o inhabit_v to_o this_o day_n those_o of_o nagaja_n of_o who_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v at_o present_a be_v seat_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o wolga_n and_o jaika_n as_o far_o as_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v their_o principal_a city_n build_v as_o they_o say_v by_o a_o tartar_n king_n who_o name_n be_v astra-chan_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o astrachan_n before_o this_o country_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v inhabit_v altogether_o by_o tartar_n but_o now_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o permit_v to_o abide_v in_o the_o capital_a city_n or_o to_o build_v any_o new_a one_o nor_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n or_o village_n with_o wall_n they_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o hut_n make_v of_o bulrush_n or_o cane_n live_v their_o manner_n of_o live_v which_o be_v common_o round_a seldom_o exceed_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o english_a yard_n in_o compass_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o have_v hole_n most_o like_a our_o chicken-coops_a serve_v they_o instead_o of_o chimney_n nevertheless_o the_o least_o of_o these_o hut_n have_v a_o falcon_n or_o hawk_n the_o tartar_n be_v great_a master_n in_o this_o sport_n the_o muscovite_n call_v these_o nagajan_n tartar_n polutski_n or_o vagabond_n as_o have_v no_o fix_v habitation_n in_o the_o summer_n when_o they_o ramble_v up_o and_o down_o according_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o best_a conveniency_n for_o their_o cattle_n which_o beginning_n to_o fail_v in_o one_o place_n their_o hut_n be_v put_v into_o cart_n and_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o good_n upon_o camel_n horse_n or_o ox_n and_o so_o remove_v to_o another_o towards_o the_o winter_n they_o begin_v to_o reassemble_v and_o to_o live_v in_o several_a troop_n near_o astrachan_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o arm_n by_o the_o muscovite_n which_o however_o after_o the_o frosty_a season_n be_v past_a they_o be_v oblige_v to_o redeliver_v not_o be_v otherwise_o permit_v to_o have_v any_o arm_n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a they_o stand_v upon_o their_o mutual_a defence_n against_o the_o malmuck_n tartar_n and_o those_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi they_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o grand_a czar_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v he_o
juan_n â—elike_o or_o great_a john_n be_v build_v by_o czar_n john_n basiâ—vitz_n stand_v by_o itself_o cover_v with_o copper_n â—ilt_n its_o height_n be_v compute_v to_o be_v near_o the_o same_o â—ith_n that_o of_o st._n mark_n be_v in_o venice_n the_o second_o be_v â—nly_o remarkable_a for_o its_o great_a bell_n which_o be_v â—ot_n to_o be_v manage_v but_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o man_n 〈◊〉_d seldom_o make_v use_n of_o but_o on_o great_a festival_n and_o 〈◊〉_d honour_n the_o entrance_n or_o audience_n of_o a_o great_a ambassador_n there_o be_v also_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o â—e_a castle_n keep_v several_a of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n â—e_z exchequer_n and_o the_o grand_a magazine_n of_o proâ—â—sion_n and_o ammunition_n immediate_o without_o the_o â—ates_n of_o the_o castle_n wall_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a church_n on_o â—â—e_z south_n side_n call_v st._n trinity_n or_o jerusalem_n â—hich_v appear_v so_o extraordinary_a a_o piece_n of_o architecture_n to_o that_o great_a tyrant_n john_n basilovit_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v finish_v he_o cause_v the_o architect_n eye_n to_o be_v pull_v out_o to_o prevent_v his_o attempt_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o hereafter_o the_o castle_n be_v face_v by_o a_o very_a fair_a spacious_a place_n the_o chief_a market_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o place_n of_o resort_v not_o only_o for_o buyer_n but_o for_o person_n of_o all_o degree_n eveâ—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o very_a slave_n the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o sempstresses_n shop_n and_o 〈◊〉_d store_n of_o other_o women-trader_n who_o 〈…〉_o of_o sell_v ring_n set_v with_o ruby_n and_o 〈…〉_o endeavour_v to_z vend_fw-mi their_o hide_a 〈…〉_o but_o what_o be_v the_o most_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a be_v that_o each_o particular_a street_n lead_v to_o this_o marketplace_n have_v a_o certain_a trade_n allot_v by_o itself_o so_o that_o the_o merceâ—_n do_v not_o intermingle_v with_o the_o woollen-draper_n noâ—_n the_o linen-draper_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n furry_a tailor_n or_o shoemaker_n but_o every_o trade_n have_v its_o proper_a station_n the_o buyer_n may_v with_o the_o great_a conveniency_n in_o the_o world_n in_o a_o instant_n cast_v his_o eye_n upon_o such_o commodity_n as_o will_v serve_v his_o occasion_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v here_o that_o the_o painter_n have_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a station_n among_o the_o rest_n here_o for_o their_o employment_n be_v to_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n with_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n they_o deal_v with_o their_o chapman_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n or_o truck_v where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v their_o own_o market_n for_o a_o muscâ—vite_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o point_n of_o conscience_n to_o buy_v or_o bargain_n for_o a_o saint_n seldom_o refuseâ—_n the_o painter_n demand_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o inner_a circuit_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o house_n of_o the_o principal_a merchant_n beside_o thâ—se_a of_o some_o knez_n and_o muscovian_a lord_n the_o second_o quarter_n city_n czaargorod_n or_o the_o royal_a city_n which_o include_v the_o first_o iâ—_n a_o semicircle_n be_v call_v czaargorod_n or_o the_o city_n royal_a the_o little_a river_n neglina_n pass_v through_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o particular_a wall_n call_v biela_n stenna_n oâ—_n the_o white_a wall_n here_o be_v the_o arsenal_n and_o the_o place_n call_v poggana_n appoint_v for_o the_o cast_n of_o gunâ—_n and_o bell_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v not_o behind_n hand_n with_o any_o other_o european_a artificer_n in_o thâ—â—_n part_n also_o live_v a_o great_a many_o knez_n lord_n and_o gentleman_n beside_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o trader_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o rest_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o butcher_n baker_n drinking-house_n corn-chandlers_n meal-shop_n and_o the_o grand_a duke_n stable_n the_o three_o quarter_n which_o run_v from_o the_o east_n all_o along_o the_o north-side_n to_o the_o west_n skoradom_n the_o three_o quarter_n of_o musco_n call_v skoradom_n include_v the_o quarter_n of_o czaargorod_n be_v call_v skoradom_n the_o little_a river_n jagusa_n run_v through_o it_o and_o afterward_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n mosca_n in_o this_o quarter_n be_v the_o abovementioned_a place_n for_o sell_v and_o buy_v of_o house_n the_o four_o and_o last_o circuit_n be_v that_o call_v strelitza_n slavoda_n slavoda_fw-it the_o four_o quarter_n call_v â—trelitza_fw-it slavoda_fw-it or_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n guard_n who_o have_v this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n assign_v they_o for_o their_o place_n of_o abide_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n southly_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v cataygorod_n its_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n be_v all_o of_o wood_n be_v design_v against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n musco_n be_v inhabit_v not_o only_o by_o muscovite_n but_o also_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n persian_n and_o greek_n the_o latter_a be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n both_o in_o religion_n and_o manner_n be_v prefer_v by_o they_o before_o all_o other_o stranger_n they_o allow_v nevertheless_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o religious_a worship_n not_o only_o to_o the_o lutheran_n and_o other_o protestant_n but_o also_o to_o the_o turk_n persian_n and_o tartar_n except_o the_o jew_n and_o former_o the_o roman_a catholic_n there_o be_v a_o large_a slaboda_n or_o suburb_n without_o the_o city_n gate_n of_o prokoski_n slaboda_n the_o suburb_n call_v nova_n inasemska_n slaboda_n call_v nova_n inasemska_n slaboda_n where_o most_o of_o the_o foreign_a christian_n live_v together_o every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o own_o country_n fashion_n in_o which_o place_n the_o german_n english_a and_o dutch_a etc._n etc._n do_v most_o common_o reside_v beside_o the_o grand_a duke_n palace_n and_o the_o castle_n that_o which_o appear_v most_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o stranger_n be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o church_n and_o chapel_n in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n of_o musco_n of_o which_o their_o be_v two_o thousond_n in_o number_n every_o lord_n have_v his_o private_a chapel_n and_o each_o street_n one_o at_o least_o some_o two_o or_o three_o build_v of_o stone_n and_o of_o a_o circular_a figure_n who_o steeple_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o copper_n make_v a_o most_o glorious_a glitter_a show_n at_o a_o distance_n especial_o if_o you_o happen_v to_o approach_v the_o town_n in_o a_o bright_a sun-shiny_a day_n the_o next_o city_n of_o note_n in_o this_o province_n be_v call_v columna_fw-la columna_fw-la columna_fw-la situate_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n about_o 70_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n by_o land_n it_o be_v near_o sevenscore_n miles_n by_o water_n it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o environ_v with_o a_o very_a fair_a stone_n wall_n and_o tower_n a_o thing_n not_o very_o common_a in_o muscovy_n it_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o weywode_n or_o russian_a governor_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o province_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o all_o muscovy_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o be_v that_o about_o three_o mile_n above_o this_o place_n near_o the_o convent_n of_o kolutin_n serge_n monarstir_v found_v by_o one_o sergius_n a_o great_a saint_n among_o the_o muscovite_n occa._n the_o river_n occa._n the_o mosca_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o south_n be_v not_o only_o much_o largeâ—_n and_o broad_a than_o the_o former_a but_o have_v besides_o that_o on_o both_o side_n a_o noble_a country_n very_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a oak_n oâ—_n both_o shore_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o rarity_n 〈◊〉_d muscovy_n render_v it_o the_o most_o delightful_a in_o the_o world_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o columna_fw-la near_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o rhesan_n be_v the_o city_n of_o peresla_n or_o preski_n seat_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la at_o 42_o degree_n 42_o min._n elevation_n be_v govern_v by_o its_o particular_a weywode_n or_o governour_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o province_n some_o otherâ—_n less_o considerable_a which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n we_o must_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n the_o second_o province_n of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o province_n of_o werotin_n werotin_n werotin_n have_v borrow_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n beside_o which_o it_o have_v two_o city_n more_o the_o first_o call_v croom_n the_o latter_a arvel_n all_o three_o of_o they_o so_o inconsiderable_a as_o not_o to_o deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n here_o
the_o three_o province_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o rhesan_n betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o don_n and_o occa_fw-la lie_v southward_o from_o muscovy_n rhesan_n rhesan_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n aka_fw-mi be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a province_n of_o all_o muscovy_n abound_v in_o wheat_n honey_n fish_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o venison_n and_o fowl_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v call_v likewise_o rhesan_n former_o a_o very_a considerable_a place_n which_o have_v give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1568_o total_o destroy_v as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n by_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n all_o along_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la which_o from_o thence_o extend_v its_o self_n to_o that_o great_a trench_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fence_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n on_o that_o side_n and_o have_v get_v together_o the_o disperse_a inhabitant_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o material_n he_o order_v the_o build_n of_o a_o new_a city_n at_o forty_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o former_a which_o be_v call_v peresla_n resanski_n because_o a_o great_a many_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o peresla_n heretofore_o mention_v come_v hither_o to_o settle_v themselves_o notwithstanding_o which_o the_o old_a city_n of_o rhesan_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n beside_o which_o this_o province_n have_v also_o the_o city_n of_o domkagorod_n corsira_n and_o tulla_n the_o latter_a be_v situate_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o four_o be_v the_o province_n of_o wolodimer_n wolâ—dimer_n wolâ—dimer_n former_o the_o chief_a of_o whole_a muscovy_n the_o capital_a city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n prince_n wolodimer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 928_o and_o be_v from_o â—hence_o communicate_v to_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o â—e_v situate_v in_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n of_o all_o musâ—ovy_n above_o 150_o mile_n eastward_o from_o musco_n between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n this_o city_n which_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o river_n clesna_n be_v â—or_a a_o considerable_a time_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n till_o the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v transfer_v to_o musco_n by_o prince_n danilou_n michâ—elovits_n since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v much_o decay_v from_o its_o former_a splendour_n the_o ruin_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o house_n be_v undeniable_a demonstration_n of_o its_o former_a greatness_n unto_o this_o province_n be_v annex_v the_o two_o tartarian_a principality_n of_o cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n mordwa_n cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o first_o be_v cassinogord_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la as_o one_o come_v from_o musco_n surround_v with_o a_o great_a many_o goodly_a village_n and_o monastery_n most_o pleasant_o seat_v among_o the_o wood_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o second_o be_v moruma_n be_v inhabit_v partly_o by_o muscovite_n partly_o by_o tartar_n but_o altogether_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la the_o river_n clesna_n which_o come_v from_o wolodimer_n fall_v into_o it_o at_z about_z 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n distance_n the_o five_o province_n be_v nisenovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n have_v receive_v its_o name_n as_o most_o other_o in_o this_o country_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n call_v nisenovogorod_n thâ—â—_n city_n be_v build_v at_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o two_o greâ—_n rivers_n occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n at_o 56_o degree_n 28_o min._n neâ—â—_n 500_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n by_o land_n and_o above_o 700_o by_o water_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o novogorod_n the_o inhabitant_n 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v by_o order_n from_o the_o great_a duke_n basâ—â—â—_n translate_v to_o this_o place_n it_o be_v true_a it_o fall_v far_o shoâ—â—_n in_o bigness_n of_o what_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n be_v 〈◊〉_d former_a age_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v very_o strong_a tower_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n and_o the_o suburb_n exceed_v 〈◊〉_d bigness_n the_o city_n itself_o be_v near_o three_o miles_n 〈◊〉_d circumference_n and_o inhabit_v by_o tartar_n muscovite_n and_o some_o dutch_a the_o most_o of_o they_o merchant_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v here_o a_o protestant_a church_n whereas_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v up_o with_o military_a officer_n victualler_n sutler_n &_o â—â—_o be_v all_o under_o the_o government_n of_o a_o weywode_n thâ—_n next_o city_n in_o this_o province_n be_v basiligorod_n build_v like_o wise_a by_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n who_o give_v it_o 〈◊〉_d name_n and_o make_v it_o a_o frontierplace_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v ceremiss_n of_o whoâ—_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v immediate_o it_o 〈◊〉_d situate_v at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o volga_n to_o reckon_v from_o its_o source_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o other_o place_n mention_v in_o this_o treatise_n at_o the_o fall_n in_o of_o the_o small_a river_n sura_n heretofore_o the_o common_a boundary_a betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n since_o the_o muscovite_n have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n on_o that_o side_n even_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n this_o place_n have_v be_v neglect_v its_o wall_n be_v quite_o ruin_v and_o its_o edifice_n altogether_o of_o wood_n it_o resemble_v now_o more_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n ceremiss_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n who_o we_o mention_v just_a now_o have_v their_o habitation_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n betwixt_o this_o place_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v a_o nation_n barbarous_a treacherous_a and_o cruel_a live_v upon_o robbery_n and_o addict_v to_o sorcery_n their_o food_n be_v honey_n and_o wild_a fowl_n they_o take_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o milk_n which_o their_o pasture_n furnish_v they_o with_o they_o 〈◊〉_d not_o inhabit_v house_n but_o most_o wretched_a hut_n those_o that_o live_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n wolâ—a_n be_v call_v nagorni_n or_o mountaineer_n as_o those_o inhabit_v on_o the_o left_a side_n be_v call_v lugoivi_n from_o â—heir_a meadow_n which_o supply_v they_o on_o both_o â—ides_n of_o the_o river_n with_o hay_n they_o be_v general_o speak_v heathen_n use_v neither_o circumcision_n â—or_a baptism_n they_o give_v a_o child_n its_o name_n from_o â—he_n first_o person_n they_o meet_v that_o day_n when_o this_o â—eremony_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v six_o month_n â—fter_o its_o birth_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o immortal_a â—od_n the_o author_n of_o all_o good_a who_o ought_v to_o be_v adore_v but_o ridicule_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n â—ho_n '_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v a_o hell_n they_o dread_v the_o â—evil_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o their_o misfortune_n â—hom_n therefore_o they_o pretend_v to_o appease_v with_o saâ—ifices_n their_o chief_a devotion_n and_o pilgrimage_n â—hich_v they_o do_v to_o the_o devil_n be_v perform_v at_o a_o place_n â—â—lled_v nemda_n among_o the_o fen_n where_o every_o body_n 〈◊〉_d oblige_v to_o carry_v a_o present_a when_o they_o offer_v â—â—eir_n sacrifice_n to_o god_n they_o kill_v a_o hoâ—se_n a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n some_o of_o the_o flesh_n thereof_o be_v roast_v and_o put_v into_o a_o dish_n and_o hold_v in_o the_o other_o hand_n another_o vessel_n fill_v with_o hydromel_n or_o some_o other_o liquor_n both_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o fire_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n before_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o be_v sacrifice_v be_v extend_v upon_o a_o pole_n lay_v a_o crosâ—_n two_o tree_n this_o skin_n they_o adore_v in_o order_n to_o intercede_v for_o they_o with_o god_n unto_o who_o they_o also_o make_v sometime_o their_o address_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o their_o devotion_n tend_v to_o some_o conveniency_n 〈◊〉_d another_o of_o this_o life_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o their_o cattle_n they_o pay_v a_o great_a veneration_n even_o to_o adoration_n to_o the_o suâ—_n and_o moon_n who_o they_o believe_v the_o author_n of_o the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v use_v of_o no_o church_n priest_n or_o book_n their_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o religious_a exercise_n be_v perform_v near_o somâ—_n torrent_n or_o another_o polygamy_n be_v use_v amongâ—_n they_o even_o so_o as_o to_o marry_v two_o or_o
reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o lake_n it_o have_v beside_o this_o two_o city_n more_o call_v ostrow_n and_o opolsko_n the_o province_n of_o wologda_n wologda_fw-la wologda_fw-la which_o sometime_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o novogorod_n be_v since_o reunited_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n its_o capital_a city_n have_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o province_n both_o of_o they_o have_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n vologda_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n near_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n disembogue_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o wologda_n or_o vologda_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o those_o part_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o bigness_n and_o strength_n be_v surround_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n but_o also_o of_o its_o commerce_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o left_a shoar_n of_o the_o river_n sucagna_n raise_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o it_o which_o river_n run_v by_o tetma_n and_o vstiga_n run_v some_o mile_n below_o the_o latter_a into_o the_o abovementioned_a river_n dwina_n which_o render_v it_o very_o convenient_a for_o trading_n and_o consequent_o very_o populous_a there_o be_v two_o city_n more_o in_o this_o province_n call_v socsoa_n and_o stâ—litz_n the_o province_n of_o vstiugha_n ustiugha_n ustiugha_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o dwina_n and_o wologda_n be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o novogorod_n till_o like_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o those_o part_n it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n the_o capital_a city_n here_o be_v likewise_o call_v vstiugha_n from_o the_o word_n vst_o which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n ostium_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n and_o jugh_o it_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n jugh_o and_o sucagna_n build_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o latter_a which_o at_o some_o mile_n below_o this_o place_n exoâ—erates_v itself_o in_o the_o river_n dwina_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o it_o have_v its_o own_o weywode_n or_o governour_n this_o province_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o best_a black_a fox_n it_o afford_v above_o all_o other_o in_o muscovy_n it_o have_v two_o city_n more_o call_v kollas_n and_o dobriâ—a_n the_o next_o province_n both_o for_o rank_n and_o situation_n be_v novogorod_n veliki_n veliki_n noâ—ogorod_n veliki_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o its_o capital_a city_n likewise_o call_v novogorod_n veliki_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a spacious_a plain_n at_o 58_o degree_n 23_o min._n elevation_n upon_o the_o wologda_n or_o vologda_n a_o river_n different_a from_o the_o volga_n vologda_n the_o river_n vologda_n the_o river_n vologda_n have_v its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o lake_n of_o ilman_n about_o three_o mile_n above_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o cross_v the_o lake_n of_o ladoga_n it_o pass_v in_o its_o way_n through_o the_o river_n niova_n the_o boundary_a betwixt_o muscovy_n and_o sweden_n on_o that_o side_n near_o the_o city_n of_o noteburgh_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n it_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n this_o river_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o this_o city_n afford_v not_o only_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o most_o excellent_a fish_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n but_o also_o be_v navigable_a from_o its_o very_a source_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o very_o fruitful_a abound_v in_o wheat_n flax_n hemp_n wax_n and_o honey_n but_o especial_o in_o russia_n leather_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o here_o to_o be_v better_o dress_v than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n make_v this_o city_n to_o be_v repute_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n it_o be_v in_o former_a age_n govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n who_o have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o several_a of_o the_o adjacent_a province_n as_o have_v be_v mention_v before_o this_o city_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o most_o potent_a and_o celebrate_v of_o europe_n so_o that_o it_o be_v grow_v into_o a_o proverb_n in_o those_o part_n who_o can_v oppose_v god_n and_o the_o great_a city_n of_o novogorod_n the_o hanseatick_a town_n have_v in_o those_o day_n a_o office_n of_o address_n in_o this_o city_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o frequent_v by_o the_o livonian_o and_o muscovite_n but_o also_o by_o the_o dane_n german_n and_o swede_n it_o be_v surname_v veliki_n which_o signify_v great_a there_o have_v be_v some_o who_o have_v compare_v it_o for_o greatness_n with_o rome_n itself_o it_o be_v true_a they_o have_v in_o this_o much_o over-shot_a the_o mark_n nevertheless_o the_o great_a extent_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n and_o the_o number_n of_o its_o steeple_n yet_o remain_v be_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o its_o foâ—mer_a glory_n and_o that_o its_o present_a condition_n fall_v incomparable_o short_a of_o what_o it_o be_v before_o its_o destruction_n the_o city_n be_v now_o only_o surround_v with_o a_o wooden_a wall_n and_o the_o house_n build_v of_o the_o same_o material_n the_o first_o that_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o place_n be_v vithold_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o at_o that_o time_n general_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1427._o oblige_v it_o to_o pay_v a_o considerable_a tribute_n to_o that_o crown_n about_o fifty_o year_n after_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basili_n grotsdin_n famous_a for_o his_o tyranny_n after_o a_o war_n of_o seven_o year_n have_v defeat_v their_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 1477._o force_v they_o to_o do_v he_o â—omage_n and_o to_o receive_v a_o muscovian_a governor_n and_o soon_o after_o put_v a_o fatal_a period_n to_o this_o great_a and_o poâ—ent_a city_n for_o have_v consider_v with_o himself_o that_o its_o inhabitant_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o take_v hold_n of_o the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n go_v thither_o in_o person_n under_o pretence_n of_o establish_v the_o greek_a religion_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o the_o roman_a catholic_n be_v encourage_v in_o his_o design_n by_o theophilus_n the_o then_o archbishop_n of_o the_o city_n he_o have_v no_o soon_o enter_v the_o city_n but_o it_o be_v by_o his_o order_n pillage_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n transport_v from_o thence_o into_o other_o place_n of_o muscovy_n but_o especial_o to_o nisenovogorod_a which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o who_o stead_n he_o plant_v there_o a_o colony_n of_o muscovite_n the_o booty_n which_o he_o get_v there_o be_v incredible_a have_v beside_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a stuff_n and_o other_o sumptuous_a movable_n carry_v away_o three_o hundred_o wagon_n load_v with_o gold_n silver_n and_o jewel_n about_o fourscore_o year_n after_o viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1569._o the_o then_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basilowitz_n have_v conceive_v the_o same_o suspicion_n enter_v the_o city_n with_o a_o army_n and_o after_o he_o have_v cause_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n to_o be_v trample_v to_o death_n by_o the_o horse_n foot_n and_o some_o thousand_o kill_v by_o the_o sword_n such_o a_o multitude_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o river_n wolgda_n that_o its_o current_n be_v stop_v the_o neighbour_a field_n be_v overflow_v round_o about_o the_o town_n the_o stench_n of_o the_o dead_a carcase_n cause_v such_o a_o infection_n in_o the_o air_n that_o what_o have_v escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v destroy_v either_o by_o the_o plague_n or_o famine_n no_o body_n dare_v to_o venture_v to_o carry_v thither_o any_o provision_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o inhuman_a of_o all_o be_v that_o even_o the_o few_o remnant_n that_o have_v escape_v his_o former_a cruelty_n the_o plague_n and_o famine_n have_v feed_v upon_o dead_a carcase_n be_v at_o last_o all_o cut_n to_o piece_n by_o the_o tyrant_n soldier_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o calamity_n sustain_v its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o commerce_n have_v in_o process_n of_o time_n draw_v thither_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n by_o who_o industry_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o that_o state_n it_o appear_v now_o which_o though_o it_o must_v only_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o mere_a shadow_n of_o that_o great_a body_n it_o represent_v in_o former_a age_n nevertheless_o next_o to_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n it_o may_v pass_v for_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a trade_n town_n in_o those_o part_n for_o beside_o the_o wooden_a fortification_n we_o have_v mention_v before_o it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n opposite_a to_o the_o city_n and_o join_v to_o it_o by_o a_o bridge_n this_o castle_n be_v surround_v by_o a_o strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v
siberie_n or_o severia_n a_o province_n different_a from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siberia_n in_o tartary_n be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n severia_n severia_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n who_o be_v nevertheless_o tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o lithuania_n of_o which_o this_o dukedom_n have_v a_o dependence_n it_o be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o smolensko_n the_o precopian_a tartary_n podolia_n and_o lithuania_n south-west_n of_o smolensko_n the_o prince_n of_o siberie_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n under_o casimir_n son_n of_o jagellon_n their_o king_n put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n eject_v the_o duke_n of_o siberie_n and_o unite_v the_o province_n to_o his_o crown_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n be_v call_v novogorod_n sieberski_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o new_a city_n of_o siberia_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o two_o or_o three_o other_o call_v novogorod_n under_o the_o czar_n obedience_n the_o other_o city_n of_o note_n belong_v to_o this_o province_n be_v czerrigou_n bransko_n starodub_n and_o petivola_n but_o now_o we_o must_v turn_v our_o course_n more_o north-east_n wiatkaâ—_n wiatkaâ—_n where_o the_o province_n of_o wiatka_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n surname_v logovi_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v from_o the_o river_n wiatka_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n kama_n the_o next_o province_n border_v upon_o wiatka_n towards_o the_o siberian_a tartar_n be_v permia_n be_v count_v one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v call_v permia_n veliki_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n vishora_n which_o at_o about_o 60_o miles_n distance_n from_o this_o place_n kama_n the_o river_n kama_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n kama_n this_o river_n have_v its_o rise_n in_o this_o province_n and_o about_o 60_o mile_n beyond_o casan_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n volga_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o language_n and_o character_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o they_o eat_v no_o bread_n but_o feed_v upon_o herb_n they_o pay_v their_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n in_o horse_n and_o fur_n their_o next_o neighbour_n to_o the_o north-east_n be_v the_o tartar_n of_o tumen_n border_v upon_o siberia_n inhabit_v the_o province_n of_o candora_n candora_n candora_n its_o chief_a city_n be_v warchaturia_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n tura_fw-la beside_o which_o it_o have_v the_o city_n of_o tumen_n near_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o two_o river_n tumen_n and_o tura_fw-la further_o to_o the_o north_n be_v the_o province_n petzora_n petzora_n petzora_n which_o extend_v itself_o towards_o the_o north-east_n all_o along_o the_o freeze_a sea_n the_o river_n of_o petzora_n which_o have_v give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o province_n fall_v by_o six_o several_a channel_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o a_o little_a city_n call_v pustiziero_n on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o be_v the_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o riphean_a mountain_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v ripheans_n or_o hyberboreans_n and_o by_o the_o muscovite_n be_v call_v zimnopoja_v that_o be_v the_o girdle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o afford_v the_o best_a sable_n and_o hawk_n in_o all_o muscovy_n but_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a and_o durable_a in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o above_o nine_o month_n in_o the_o year_n the_o province_n of_o obdorie_n obdorie_n obdorie_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o have_v its_o source_n from_o the_o great_a lake_n cataisko_n and_o run_v from_o east_n to_o north_n oby_n the_o river_n oby_n fall_v into_o the_o freeze_a sea_n both_o these_o province_n border_n upon_o the_o samojede_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o among_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o russia_n juhora_fw-it juhora_fw-it be_v also_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o juhora_n famous_a for_o nothing_o but_o that_o the_o hungarian_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o offspring_n out_o of_o this_o country_n the_o province_n of_o wachines_n wachines_n wachines_n only_a note_v for_o its_o two_o fortress_n call_v cameni_n and_o pensolog_n the_o principality_n of_o bielski_n bielski_n bielski_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n biela_n the_o duchy_n of_o kraina_n have_v the_o two_o city_n kraina_n kraina_n jalatz_n and_o brasowa_n the_o province_n of_o pole_n pole_n pole_n the_o city_n of_o bretock_n and_o bogenaer_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiow_n kiow_n kiow_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o podolia_n and_o lithuania_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o it_o be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o great_a river_n volga_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o kingdom_n of_o caesar_n and_o astrachan_n with_o some_o other_o tartarian_a province_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n volga_n the_o river_n volga_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o famous_a river_n volga_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o join_v the_o description_n of_o those_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o say_a river_n there_o be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o roshovie_n of_o which_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o 2_o chapter_n ten_o mile_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o wolkowskiles_n a_o lake_n call_v vronow_v or_o fronowo_o out_o of_o which_o rise_v a_o river_n that_o ten_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n fall_v into_o another_o lake_n call_v volga_n which_o give_v it_o its_o name_n it_o be_v thence_o forward_o call_v volga_n or_o wolga_n it_o be_v doubtless_o the_o same_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v rha_n and_o the_o tartar_n edel_n the_o great_a river_n in_o europe_n be_v from_o its_o source_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n into_o which_o it_o exonerate_v itself_o above_o 2900_o mile_n long_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o river_n from_o its_o source_n to_o the_o city_n of_o nise_n novogorod_n run_v for_o above_o 400_o mile_n through_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n carry_v but_o a_o indifferent_a stream_n and_o touch_v upon_o few_o place_n of_o note_n till_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la near_o the_o abovementioned_a place_n it_o be_v four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o geometrical_a foot_n wide_a at_o the_o meeting_n of_o these_o two_o river_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n describe_v that_o city_n and_o basiligorod_n belong_v to_o the_o ceremiss_n both_o border_a upon_o that_o river_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o accoâ—â—â—_n in_o this_o chapter_n of_o the_o tartarian_a province_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o tract_n of_o this_o great_a river_n as_o far_o as_o â—o_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o begin_v with_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o basiligorod_n casan_n the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n be_v the_o city_n of_o kusmademianski_n situate_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o whole_a country_n thereabouts_o be_v like_o one_o continue_a forest_n of_o elm_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a compass_n forty_o mile_n further_o down_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o same_o shoar_n be_v the_o city_n of_o sabakzar_n the_o most_o pleasant_a for_o its_o situation_n in_o those_o part_n and_o 25_o mile_n low_a after_o you_o have_v pass_v two_o or_o three_o small_a island_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o volga_n a_o little_a city_n call_v kockshage_n on_o the_o same_o side_n some_o mile_n low_a be_v the_o city_n of_o suiatski_n build_v on_o the_o aâ—cent_a of_o a_o hill_n the_o castle_n and_o some_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n and_o fortification_n of_o wood._n it_o 〈◊〉_d 20_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n the_o shoar_n all_o along_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n be_v cover_v with_o chalky_a and_o sandy_a mountain_n the_o city_n of_o casan_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o fruitful_a plain_n casan_n the_o city_n of_o casan_n in_o 55_o degree_n 38_o min._n elev_n seven_o miles_n distant_a from_o the_o river_n wolga_n upon_o the_o river_n casanska_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o province_n it_o be_v a_o very_a large_a city_n but_o its_o house_n and_o fortification_n as_o most_o all_o other_o in_o those_o part_n of_o wood._n but_o the_o castle_n and_o its_o fortification_n which_o consist_v in_o four_o bastion_n and_o a_o good_a many_o tower_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o river_n serve_v for_o a_o ditch_n about_o it_o the_o garrison_n be_v compose_v of_o muscovite_n only_o
in_o his_o war_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o petty_a prince_n and_o judge_n of_o their_o own_o and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n by_o their_o own_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n to_o secure_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o always_o keep_v some_o of_o their_o prince_n or_o myrse_n as_o hostage_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o astrachan_n they_o be_v general_o mahometan_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o of_o the_o same_o sect_n with_o the_o turk_n except_o some_o few_o that_o have_v receive_v the_o muscovian_a religion_n they_o be_v use_v to_o â—ow_o some_o of_o their_o child_n like_o the_o nazarite_n to_o god_n or_o some_o saint_n or_o other_o these_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o by_o a_o ring_n which_o the_o girl_n wear_v in_o their_o nostril_n the_o boy_n in_o the_o right_a ear._n they_o live_v upon_o what_o their_o cattle_n their_o hunt_n and_o fish_v supply_v they_o withal_o they_o make_v use_v of_o fish_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n instead_o of_o bread_n though_o they_o make_v also_o cake_n of_o meal_n and_o rice_n among_o other_o thing_n they_o eat_v camel_n and_o horseflesh_n and_o mere_n be_v milk_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n with_o they_o their_o drink_n be_v general_o milk_n and_o water_n though_o beside_o wine_n hydromel_n and_o aquavitae_n there_o be_v indifferent_a good_a beer_n at_o astrachan_n their_o cattle_n be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a size_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o of_o poland_n their_o sheep_n have_v great_a fat_a tail_n weigh_v sometime_o thirty_o pound_n their_o ear_n hang_v down_o like_a to_o our_o dog_n in_o europe_n their_o horse_n be_v however_o but_o small_a and_o not_o well_o shape_v but_o very_o hardy_a and_o strong_a the_o tartar_n themselves_o be_v of_o a_o ill_a shape_n low_a and_o fat_a with_o large_a face_n and_o little_a eye_n of_o a_o olive_n colour_n full_a of_o wrinkle_n in_o their_o face_n they_o wear_v little_a beard_n and_o keep_v their_o head_n shave_v but_o the_o woman_n be_v much_o handsome_a their_o garment_n be_v a_o loose_a coat_n of_o some_o course_n cloth_n over_o which_o they_o wear_v a_o short_a sort_n of_o cloak_n of_o sheep's-skin_n the_o woolly_a side_n outward_o with_o a_o cap_n of_o the_o same_o upon_o their_o head_n which_o common_o be_v choose_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o woman_n be_v clad_v in_o white_a linen_n cloth_n with_o plait_a coif_n upon_o their_o head_n on_o both_o side_n of_o which_o as_o a_o ornament_n hang_v a_o great_a many_o muscovian_a penny-piece_n the_o climate_n in_o those_o part_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o heat_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o october_n much_o exceed_v our_o dog-day_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o winter_n which_o seldom_o exceed_v two_o month_n here_o be_v so_o cold_a that_o this_o large_a river_n be_v common_o freeze_v up_o and_o bear_v sledge_n the_o island_n of_o dolgoi_n upon_o which_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v build_v be_v all_o over_o sandy_n and_o barren_a and_o except_o it_o be_v some_o garden_n and_o ground_n cultivate_v with_o particular_a care_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o astrachan_n produce_v nothing_o fit_a for_o sustenance_n the_o continent_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n exceed_v if_o possible_a the_o isle_n in_o barrenness_n but_o on_o the_o leave_v there_o be_v some_o very_a good_a pasture_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o wolga_n westward_o astrachan_n desert_n near_o astrachan_n towards_o the_o euxine_a sea_n lie_v a_o vast_a desert_n above_o 350_o mile_n long_o and_o to_o the_o south_n another_o near_a 400_o mile_n long_o stretch_v all_o along_o the_o caspian_a sea_n in_o these_o desert_n be_v neither_o city_n nor_o village_n nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o tree_n or_o hill_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o one_o continue_v vast_a plain_n cover_v here_o and_o there_o with_o a_o little_a grass_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 300_o mile_n there_o be_v not_o any_o water_n to_o be_v meet_v withal_o but_o what_o the_o little_a river_n kisilar_n and_o some_o stand_a pool_n of_o salt_n water_n afford_v notwithstanding_o which_v these_o desert_n produce_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o salt_n for_o within_o ten_o fifteen_o and_o thirty_o mile_n of_o astrachan_n salt-pit_n salt-pit_n there_o be_v large_a salt-vein_n which_o be_v congeal_v by_o the_o sun_n swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o finger_n as_o fine_a and_o clear_a as_o rock_n crystal_n these_o salt-pit_n hereabout_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v mozakofski_n kainkowa_n and_o gwostofski_n and_o produce_v such_o abundance_n of_o salt_n that_o upon_o the_o spot_n one_o may_v have_v a_o hundred_o weight_n under_o two_o penny_n which_o be_v from_o thence_o carry_v to_o the_o wolga_n be_v transport_v into_o other_o part_n beside_o which_o the_o isle_n of_o dolgoi_n about_o astrachan_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o this_o province_n as_o also_o of_o circassia_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v chapter_n be_v store_v with_o excellent_a fruit_n not_o yield_v either_o in_o beauty_n or_o taste_n to_o any_o nagaja_n the_o fruit_n of_o nagaja_n even_o not_o to_o those_o of_o persia_n and_o the_o indies_n their_o apple_n quince_n nut_n peach_n and_o melon_n exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o goodness_n but_o especial_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o melon_n who_o rind_n be_v of_o a_o lively_a green_a colour_n the_o meat_n carnation_n and_o the_o seed_n black_a be_v the_o most_o please_a both_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o palate_n and_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n two_o or_o three_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v for_o a_o penny_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o year_n ago_o since_o any_o grape_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o persian_n have_v bring_v some_o set_v thither_o which_o be_v first_o plant_v by_o a_o monk_n a_o german_a by_o birth_n in_o the_o garden_n belong_v to_o his_o convent_n situate_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o astrachan_n this_o small_a stock_n have_v be_v since_o improve_v and_o increase_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o not_o only_o the_o walk_n and_o arbour_n of_o the_o garden_n but_o also_o about_o the_o house_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v plant_v with_o vine_n which_o grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n there_o afford_v not_o only_o great_a store_n of_o grape_n for_o their_o present_a use_n but_o also_o a_o superplus_n for_o most_o excellent_a wine_n beside_o which_o near_o astrachan_n and_o all_o along_o the_o wolga_n there_o grow_v abundance_n of_o simple_n and_o very_o large_a the_o herb_n esula_fw-la be_v hereabout_o as_o high_a as_o a_o man_n angelica_n esula_fw-la and_o angelica_n and_o the_o root_n of_o angelica_n as_o big_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm._n about_o 30_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fishing-place_n upon_o the_o river_n wolga_n which_o furnish_v that_o city_n with_o salmon_n sturgeon_n white_a fish_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o delicious_a fish_n and_o the_o small_a island_n hereabout_o 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as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o suchator_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n from_o the_o wolga_n 100_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n and_o 200_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o terki_n of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o first_o place_n near_o which_o there_o be_v a_o tolerable_a harbour_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o tzenzeni_n situate_v in_o 43_o degree_n 5_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v length_n be_v from_o north-east_n to_o southeast_n about_o 15_o mile_n here_o be_v the_o first_o harbour_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n from_o this_o island_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o continent_n towards_o the_o south-west_n high_a mountain_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o very_a cloud_n caucasus_n mount_v caucasus_n call_v
tzumtzume_v i_o declare_v myself_o for_o that_o religion_n but_o desire_v that_o i_o may_v die_v immediate_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v now_o without_o subject_n in_o a_o place_n where_o i_o be_v so_o powerful_a before_o essi_n have_v grant_v his_o request_n he_o die_v instant_o and_o his_o sepulchre_n remain_v here_o to_o be_v see_v to_o this_o day_n under_o a_o tree_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n next_o adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o scaffold_n erect_v of_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o sixteen_o square_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o thousand_o of_o tomb_n cover_v with_o stone_n half_a round_n cylinder-wise_a but_o exceed_v the_o ordinary_a stature_n of_o man_n have_v all_o of_o they_o arabic_a inscription_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o former_a age_n yet_o since_o the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a king_n in_o media_n name_v kassan_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n receive_v 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diameter_n have_v in_o the_o midst_n a_o round_a piece_n as_o big_a as_o a_o trencher_n which_o hang_v on_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n they_o wear_v in_o their_o hand_n a_o staff_n fork_a at_o the_o end_n when_o they_o go_v abroad_o which_o they_o call_v posock_n and_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o crosier_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n above_o 2000_o church_n and_o chapel_n the_o first_o of_o which_o have_v at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o and_o some_o more_o priests_z belonging_z to_o they_o it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o priest_n and_o ecclesiastic_n there_o must_v be_v in_o that_o city_n those_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o enter_v into_o holy_a order_n make_v their_o address_n either_o to_o the_o patriarch_n or_o any_o one_o of_o the_o metropolitan_o the_o first_o the_o best_a where_o have_v be_v examine_v concern_v their_o qualification_n which_o consist_v only_o in_o read_v and_o write_v and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n they_o be_v admit_v into_o order_n with_o a_o attestation_n of_o their_o be_v receive_v into_o priesthood_n at_o their_o consecration_n they_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o priestly_a habit_n as_o we_o have_v just_a now_o describe_v it_o they_o have_v also_o the_o hair_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o crown_n of_o their_o head_n on_o which_o be_v put_v a_o little_a cap_n or_o calotte_n which_o be_v the_o main_a character_n of_o their_o priesthood_n the_o which_o they_o never_o move_v or_o take_v off_o neither_o at_o church_n or_o any_o where_o else_o unless_o it_o be_v when_o they_o have_v their_o hair_n cut_v the_o chief_a respect_n the_o muscovite_n pay_v to_o the_o priest_n he_o be_v behold_v for_o to_o his_o calotte_n and_o good_a reason_n why_o for_o if_o upon_o any_o contest_v or_o quarrel_n this_o calotte_n shall_v be_v pull_v off_o his_o head_n upon_o the_o ground_n the_o adverse_a party_n will_v incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o mulct_n call_v bicestie_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o to_o prevent_v which_o the_o muscovite_n when_o they_o be_v go_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o priest_n first_o reverendly_a take_v off_o his_o calotte_n which_o after_o they_o have_v sound_o cudgel_v or_o beat_v he_o they_o put_v on_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o respect_n which_o do_v they_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o any_o far_a punishment_n than_o if_o they_o have_v kick_v or_o cuff_v a_o layman_n the_o protopopes_n and_o pope_n or_o temple-priest_n be_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o oblige_v to_o marry_v once_o but_o can_v the_o second_o or_o three_o time_n unless_o they_o quit_v their_o priesthood_n this_o point_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o priest_n be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a point_n wherein_o they_o differ_v as_o well_o from_o the_o greek_a church_n as_o the_o roman_a for_o which_o they_o allege_v the_o text_n of_o st._n paul_n 1_o tim._n 3._o that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o they_o allege_v the_o four_o cannon_n of_o the_o council_n which_o be_v hold_v at_o gangre_n in_o paphlagonia_n not_o long_o after_o that_o of_o nice_n where_o all_o those_o be_v anathematise_v who_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o communion_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o marry_a priest_n the_o muscovite_n be_v so_o strict_a in_o the_o observance_n of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o priest_n must_v be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o marriage_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o order_n which_o make_v those_o that_o intend_v to_o embrace_v that_o kind_n of_o life_n marry_v very_o young_a that_o they_o may_v the_o soon_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v a_o live_n they_o be_v beside_o this_o to_o marry_v a_o maid_n and_o no_o widow_n nor_o a_o woman_n the_o least_o blemish_a in_o her_o reputation_n and_o in_o this_o point_n they_o be_v to_o be_v so_o circumspect_a that_o if_o the_o priest_n the_o first_o night_n after_o marriage_n find_v that_o the_o lock_n have_v be_v open_v before_o by_o any_o other_o key_n than_o his_o own_o he_o must_v either_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o or_o lay_v down_o his_o calotte_n out_o of_o which_o two_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a he_o choose_v the_o first_o but_o if_o the_o parson_n wife_n stand_v her_o trial_n fair_o the_o first_o night_n she_o have_v however_o this_o comfort_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscovian_a woman_n that_o she_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v keep_v under_o so_o severe_a a_o house-discipline_n as_o the_o rest_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o muscovian_a priest_n hang_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o the_o apron-string_n they_o be_v after_o they_o once_o become_v widower_n not_o suffer_v to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n or_o to_o assist_v at_o noon-service_n when_o the_o communion_n be_v receive_v or_o to_o give_v their_o benediction_n to_o marriage_n but_o only_o at_o the_o morning_n and_o evening-service_n but_o to_o counterbalance_n this_o advantage_n the_o parson_n wife_n have_v before_o other_o the_o priest_n be_v under_o a_o most_o strict_a obligation_n that_o whenever_o he_o have_v give_v his_o wife_n due_a benevolence_n he_o must_v not_o approach_v the_o altar_n all_o the_o next_o day_n so_o that_o what_o with_o this_o and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o fast_n she_o be_v likely_a to_o live_v upon_o very_o slender_a diet_n unless_o the_o parson_n be_v so_o good-nature_n as_o sometime_o to_o prefer_v the_o duty_n to_o his_o wife_n before_o that_o in_o the_o church_n and_o substitute_n one_o to_o officiate_v in_o his_o room_n at_o the_o altar_n the_o priest_n however_o have_v this_o comfort_n leave_v they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o wife_n that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o a_o single_a life_n they_o be_v free_a to_o lay_v down_o their_o cassock_n and_o calotte_n and_o turn_v merchant_n tradesman_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o can_v and_o so_o marry_v again_o if_o they_o be_v too_o old_a to_o undergo_v the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o sacerdotal_a 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with_o a_o spoon_n in_o some_o of_o their_o quaâ—s_n or_o small_a hydromels_n but_o if_o they_o live_v in_o great_a austerity_n in_o their_o monastery_n whenever_o they_o go_v abroad_o which_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o do_v both_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v very_o forward_o in_o dispense_n with_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o statute_n for_o they_o seldom_o refuse_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o and_o will_v refresh_v themselves_o with_o strong_a liquor_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v unsafe_a for_o they_o to_o go_v home_o without_o good_a company_n here-tofore_a superstition_n have_v get_v so_o far_o the_o ascendant_n over_o the_o religious_a muscovite_n that_o here_o as_o well_o as_o in_o some_o other_o country_n of_o europe_n they_o use_v to_o make_v over_o all_o that_o they_o have_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o monastery_n so_o that_o if_o a_o stop_v have_v not_o be_v put_v to_o these_o extravagancy_n they_o will_v in_o time_n have_v get_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n but_o those_o that_o now_o embrace_v the_o monastic_a life_n be_v only_o allow_v to_o carry_v a_o certain_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n with_o they_o into_o the_o monastery_n be_v oblige_v 〈◊〉_d leave_v the_o rest_n to_o their_o heir_n they_o do_v not_o live_v so_o retire_v in_o they_o but_o that_o they_o appear_v in_o great_a number_n both_o in_o the_o city_n and_o all_o over_o the_o country_n where_o they_o frequent_o follow_v the_o same_o employment_n with_o the_o peasant_n some_o of_o they_o also_o trading_n in_o malt_n hops_n all_o sort_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n poverty_n old_a age_n infirmity_n and_o domestic_a contest_v be_v the_o chief_a inducement_n of_o those_o that_o embrace_v this_o life_n the_o few_o choose_v it_o out_o of_o a_o motive_n of_o devotion_n it_o
town_n that_o way_n but_o the_o besieger_n advance_v but_o slow_o in_o their_o work_n for_o want_n of_o foot_n for_o though_o the_o king_n have_v late_o receive_v a_o reinforcement_n of_o five_o thousand_o cosack_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n in_o his_o whole_a army_n which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o polander_n be_v chief_o compose_v of_o horse_n these_o bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o so_o numerous_a a_o garrison_n they_o be_v continual_o harrass_v by_o the_o frequent_a sally_n of_o the_o besiege_a who_o often_o drive_v they_o from_o their_o trench_n before_o they_o can_v be_v second_v by_o their_o horse_n their_o approach_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n a_o considerable_a time_n be_v spend_v before_o they_o can_v possess_v themselves_o of_o some_o advantageous_a post_n near_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o besieger_n to_o fetch_v in_o their_o supply_n of_o fresh_a 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the_o swedish_n troop_n send_v to_o their_o assistance_n begin_v to_o concert_v measure_n how_o to_o remove_v at_o a_o further_a distance_n the_o demetrian_a force_n that_o have_v lie_v so_o long_o at_o their_o door_n they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o the_o pole_n labour_v under_o in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n they_o have_v sufficient_a intelligence_n of_o their_o division_n and_o animosity_n in_o their_o council_n occasion_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o chief_a commander_n who_o be_v sway_v more_o by_o their_o particular_a interest_n and_o ambition_n than_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common_a cause_n lose_v many_o time_n a_o opportunity_n of_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n this_o instability_n in_o their_o council_n cause_v much_o carelessness_n in_o the_o whole_a conduct_n of_o their_o affair_n which_o frequent_o turn_v to_o their_o great_a disadvantage_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o may_n in_o the_o same_o year_n when_o a_o sharp_a engagement_n happen_v 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their_o regiment_n which_o be_v advance_v at_o some_o distance_n before_o the_o rest_n he_o cut_v they_o all_o to_o piece_n this_o so_o alarm_v the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v put_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o their_o safety_n in_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n that_o they_o march_v out_o with_o their_o whole_a strength_n and_o join_v they_o near_o the_o city_n of_o it_o be_v the_o pole_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o their_o march_n send_v also_o a_o considerable_a reinforcement_n to_o zlarowski_n who_o meet_v they_o some_o few_o mile_n beyond_o it_o be_v be_v engagement_n betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o muscovite_n near_o it_o be_v a_o fierce_a engagement_n ensue_v both_o party_n dispute_v the_o victory_n with_o great_a obstinacy_n the_o polish_v horse_n attack_v the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o a_o irresistible_a courage_n and_o the_o russian_n fight_v for_o the_o last_o stake_n behave_v themselves_o like_o man_n resolve_v either_o to_o overcome_v or_o die_v notwithstanding_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v ground_n both_o wing_n be_v after_o a_o bloody_a and_o obstinate_a fight_n rout_v by_o the_o pole_n who_o kill_v 8000_o among_o who_o be_v 1000_o german_a horse_n upon_o the_o spot_n but_o the_o foot_n stand_v all_o this_o while_n unmovable_a and_o have_v several_a time_n make_v zlarowski_n who_o command_v the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n give_v ground_n and_o though_o now_o leave_v by_o their_o horse_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o a_o advantageous_a post_n where_o they_o can_v not_o be_v attack_v without_o great_a disadvantage_n the_o polish_v horse_n be_v extreme_o tire_v by_o the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o that_o of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v not_o think_v advisable_v to_o pursue_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o the_o able_a and_o most_o experience_a officer_n be_v of_o opinion_n to_o rest_v content_v with_o what_o advantage_n they_o have_v get_v and_o to_o withdraw_v to_o some_o more_o advantageous_a post_n but_o zlarowski_n emulous_a of_o the_o honour_n the_o rest_n have_v goten_a will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o their_o advice_n and_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n whether_o he_o can_v in_o some_o measure_n recover_v the_o disgrace_n he_o have_v receive_v in_o that_o day_n action_n will_v not_o stir_v from_o his_o post_n though_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n so_o that_o the_o rest_n see_v he_o resolute_a and_o obstinate_a against_o their_o counsel_n they_o quarter_v themselves_o in_o some_o of_o the_o adjacent_a village_n the_o enemy_n have_v by_o some_o deserter_n get_v notice_n what_o effect_n their_o divide_a counsel_n have_v produce_v soon_o rally_v their_o horse_n and_o have_a rejoin_v their_o foot_n by_o break_n of_o day_n fall_v with_o such_o fury_n upon_o the_o pole_n that_o see_v themselves_o thus_o surprise_v and_o in_o no_o capacity_n to_o second_v one_o another_o they_o fight_v their_o way_n through_o the_o enemy_n the_o foot_n retire_v to_o it_o be_v the_o horse_n make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n to_o their_o camp_n near_o musco_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o their_o companion_n and_o all_o their_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n the_o muscovite_n flush_v with_o this_o happy_a success_n march_v direct_o to_o it_o be_v where_o they_o storm_v the_o castle_n at_o three_o several_a time_n with_o more_o courage_n than_o conduct_n for_o the_o polish_v foot_n which_o get_v before_o they_o within_o the_o place_n repulse_v they_o every_o time_n with_o great_a slaughter_n so_o that_o despair_v of_o carry_v the_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o numerous_a garrison_n they_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o direct_v their_o march_n towards_o the_o river_n wolga_n at_o some_o miles_n distance_n from_o kolasinum_n kolasinum_n aâ—â—ther_o engagement_n near_o kolasinum_n they_o be_v encounter_v by_o a_o great_a body_n of_o the_o demetrian_a horse_n who_o fall_v in_o their_o rear_n bring_v the_o whole_a arrier-guard_n in_o confusion_n till_o second_v by_o some_o fresh_a regiment_n they_o force_v the_o pole_n to_o retire_v beside_o this_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o their_o discipline_n in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n have_v occasion_v several_a sedition_n for_o want_n of_o pay_n so_o that_o demetrius_n to_o satisfy_v their_o demand_n be_v force_v to_o lay_v such_o heavy_a taxation_n upon_o the_o province_n which_o have_v submit_v to_o his_o obedience_n that_o at_o last_o become_v intolerable_a most_o of_o the_o great_a city_n revolt_v and_o the_o country_n refuse_v to_o pay_v any_o further_a contribution_n look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o fuel_n that_o nourish_v the_o flame_n which_o have_v almost_o consume_v they_o in_o some_o place_n they_o grow_v so_o outrageous_a as_o to_o seize_v imprison_v and_o kill_v the_o tax-gatherers_a demetrius_z therefore_o to_o maintain_v his_o authority_n and_o to_o protect_v his_o officer_n be_v oblige_v to_o send_v strong_a party_n into_o
toâ—e_v her_o hair_n and_o face_n and_o thus_o run_v into_o the_o street_n cry_v out_o like_o a_o distract_a creature_n either_o restore_v i_o my_o husband_n demetrius_n or_o else_o take_v pity_n of_o i_o and_o let_v the_o same_o sword_n that_o so_o barbarous_o murder_v he_o send_v i_o also_o to_o the_o grave_a after_o the_o first_o transport_v be_v a_o little_a over_o she_o run_v in_o great_a fury_n with_o a_o dagger_n in_o her_o hand_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o call_v to_o those_o she_o know_v by_o their_o name_n dear_a friend_n say_v she_o either_o revenge_n the_o murder_n of_o my_o dear_a lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v a_o act_n of_o charity_n towards_o i_o take_v here_o cry_v she_o this_o dagger_n and_o with_o it_o deliver_v i_o from_o that_o life_n which_o since_o the_o fatal_a end_n of_o my_o husband_n can_v but_o be_v loathsome_a and_o burdensome_a to_o i_o the_o cosack_n not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o tear_n and_o prayer_n of_o this_o charm_a lady_n fall_v with_o great_a fury_n upon_o the_o tartar_n who_o they_o massacre_v wherever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o street_n and_o very_o few_o will_v have_v escape_v their_o fury_n have_v they_o not_o at_o last_o be_v appease_v by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o leader_n zarucki_n after_o the_o cosack_n have_v sacrifice_v several_a hundred_o of_o the_o tartar_n to_o the_o mane_n of_o demetrius_n and_o the_o just_a resentment_n of_o marina_n demetrius_n a_o three_o demetrius_n those_o of_o caluga_n choose_v and_o proclaim_v the_o son_n of_o demetrius_n and_o marina_n emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o though_o it_o be_v most_o general_o believe_v that_o marina_n be_v barren_a and_o this_o pretend_a son_n a_o supposititious_a child_n yet_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v willing_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o imposture_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o polish_v interest_n address_v himself_o to_o the_o russian_n offer_v they_o his_o aid_n with_o all_o his_o force_n if_o they_o will_v engage_v to_o acknowledge_v after_o the_o example_n of_o caluga_n this_o son_n of_o demetrius_n great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n of_o russia_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v chase_v the_o roll_n out_o of_o muscovy_n zolkievitski_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n perceive_v himself_o slight_v by_o king_n sigismond_n who_o he_o find_v to_o have_v take_v quite_o contrary_a measure_n to_o what_o have_v be_v agree_v on_o betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o king_n order_n he_o leave_v the_o army_n under_o pretence_n of_o go_v to_o fetch_v prince_n vladislaus_n to_o musco_n and_o take_v his_o way_n by_o smolensko_n to_o show_v his_o discontent_n he_o only_o salute_v the_o king_n and_z without_o any_o further_a stay_n retire_v into_o poland_n the_o affair_n of_o russia_n have_v thus_o for_o a_o while_o hang_v in_o suspense_n whilst_o the_o people_n be_v keep_v under_o by_o the_o apprehension_n of_o a_o double_a danger_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o capital_a city_n and_o the_o demetrian_a force_n at_o caluga_n they_o begin_v now_o to_o change_v face_n and_o to_o appear_v with_o another_o countenance_n for_o the_o muscovite_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n find_v king_n sigismond_n resolute_a in_o not_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n into_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o captive_a zuski_n and_o their_o ambassador_n be_v send_v away_o prisoner_n into_o poland_n and_o that_o the_o king_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a administration_n of_o affair_n put_v such_o officer_n into_o all_o place_n of_o trust_n as_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a for_o his_o purpose_n they_o begin_v to_o conceive_v great_a jealousy_n and_o be_v now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o demetrius_n deliver_v from_o their_o fear_n on_o that_o side_n prepare_v for_o a_o open_a revolt_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v their_o empire_n from_o become_v a_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o king_n sigismond_n whilst_o he_o therefore_o waste_v himself_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n which_o he_o think_v ignominious_a to_o abandon_v before_o it_o be_v reduce_v and_o thereby_o let_v slip_v the_o most_o favourable_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n of_o establish_v his_o affair_n in_o that_o empire_n the_o muscovite_n have_v by_o his_o delay_n sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o reunite_v themselves_o and_o make_v provision_n for_o their_o future_a security_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v in_o arm_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o be_v one_o lepanovit_n a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o muscovy_n he_o have_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n have_v make_v secret_a levy_n and_o appear_v with_o a_o body_n near_o peresla_n invite_v and_o gain_v most_o of_o the_o boyar_n and_o nobility_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n into_o his_o party_n he_o also_o send_v his_o messenger_n into_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n to_o represent_v to_o his_o countryman_n the_o breach_n of_o faith_n of_o the_o pole_n how_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o capital_a city_n break_v the_o article_n agree_v on_o betwixt_o both_o nation_n by_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o not_o send_v their_o prince_n vladislaus_n into_o muscovy_n how_o that_o they_o not_o only_o keep_v the_o zuski_n but_o also_o their_o ambassador_n prisoner_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n treat_v they_o not_o like_o a_o free_a people_n but_o as_o slave_n depend_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o conqueror_n he_o exhort_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o this_o foreign_a yoke_n and_o by_o give_v timely_a assistance_n to_o secure_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n against_o the_o insolence_n of_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n the_o pole_n this_o have_v the_o desire_a effect_n for_o the_o country_n flock_v in_o from_o all_o part_n so_o that_o another_o great_a army_n be_v raise_v near_o nisi_fw-la novogorod_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prosowecki_n a_o lord_n of_o a_o very_a eminent_a rank_n in_o muscovy_n and_o zarucki_n join_v his_o force_n with_o they_o under_o condition_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v clear_v their_o country_n from_o the_o pole_n they_o shall_v proclaim_v the_o young_a demetrius_n their_o great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n which_o they_o be_v very_o free_a to_o promise_v though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o intention_n to_o perform_v it_o as_o zarucki_n find_v afterward_o to_o his_o cost_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o unadvertise_v of_o the_o design_n of_o the_o muscovite_n but_o the_o king_n force_n before_o smolensko_n be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n against_o a_o strong_a garrison_n he_o can_v not_o spare_v any_o to_o disperse_v these_o levy_n and_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o maintain_v their_o post_n and_o keep_v that_o vast_a multitude_n of_o people_n in_o subjection_n so_o that_o these_o levy_n from_o a_o small_a beginning_n be_v improve_v into_o a_o great_a bulk_n the_o polish_v force_n which_o be_v quarter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o country_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o obedience_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v able_a to_o attack_v they_o that_o they_o be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o keep_v on_o the_o defensive_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v now_o encourage_v by_o these_o muscovian_a lord_n appear_v in_o arm_n think_v it_o now_o time_n to_o throw_v off_o the_o mask_n and_o to_o give_v the_o pole_n very_o sensible_a proof_n of_o their_o aversion_n towards_o they_o a_o design_n therefore_o be_v lay_v among_o they_o upon_o a_o signal_n give_v to_o assemble_v and_o massacre_v all_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o city_n the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v at_o that_o time_n much_o big_a than_o it_o ever_o be_v before_o or_o since_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a confluence_n of_o stranger_n who_o during_o these_o intestine_a commotion_n be_v retire_v thither_o out_o of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n for_o sanctuary_n so_o that_o it_o be_v compute_v to_o comprehend_v in_o its_o circuit_n above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o house_n all_o this_o vast_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n be_v enrage_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n against_o the_o pole_n be_v ready_a to_o lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n of_o the_o conspirator_n they_o only_o want_v a_o head_n to_o lead_v they_o on_o to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n a_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o so_o private_o but_o that_o gaziowski_n who_o then_o command_v the_o pole_n in_o chief_a have_v timely_a notice_n of_o their_o project_v design_n but_o think_v it_o
chinese_n wall_n as_o the_o accession_n of_o these_o foreign_a nation_n have_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n so_o it_o have_v contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n in_o our_o age_n and_o frequent_a inroad_n make_v by_o the_o crim_n tartar_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o great_a many_o part_n in_o a_o manner_n desolate_a this_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o fertile_a plain_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n steca_n down_o to_o the_o wolga_n almost_o as_o far_o as_o cesau_n which_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n dispeople_v but_o now_o be_v stock_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o town_n and_o village_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n itself_o have_v in_o a_o few_o year_n so_o well_o recover_v its_o pass_a disaster_n that_o it_o be_v incomparable_a more_o beautiful_a than_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o and_o be_v reckon_v to_o contain_v at_o present_a no_o less_o than_o betwixt_o six_o and_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o inhabitant_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o the_o prodigious_a increase_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n must_v chief_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o great_a concoâ—â—â—â—_n of_o the_o various_a trade_n nation_n we_o have_v mentionen_fw-mi so_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_v the_o present_a czar_n father_n who_o find_v his_o territory_n exhaust_v of_o man_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o pole_n carry_v away_o a_o number_n of_o captive_n out_o of_o â—â—â—â—thuania_fw-mi and_o the_o other_o polish_v province_n border_v on_o muscovy_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o plant_v several_a colony_n all_o along_o the_o river_n gecca_n and_o wolga_n who_o have_v be_v encourage_v by_o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o have_v repeople_v that_o country_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o appear_v at_o present_a but_o neighbour_n strength_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o neighbour_n since_o we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v concern_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o increase_n 〈◊〉_d their_o wealth_n and_o trade_n we_o must_v also_o before_o 〈◊〉_d conclude_v say_v something_o of_o their_o present_a condition_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o neighbour_n the_o persian_n pole_n swede_n the_o crim_n tartar_n and_o turk_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o persian_n persian_n the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o great_a probability_n that_o these_o two_o neighbour_n shall_v have_v any_o occasion_n to_o try_v their_o mutual_a strength_n since_o they_o be_v so_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o dagesthan_n and_o carcassian_n tartar_n and_o the_o vast_a desert_n betwixt_o these_o and_o astrachan_n and_o that_o the_o common_a benefit_n they_o receive_v by_o their_o trade_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n engage_v they_o equal_o to_o keep_v a_o good_a understanding_n betwixt_o they_o especial_o since_o upon_o occasion_n they_o may_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o one_o another_o against_o the_o turk_n the_o tartar_n border_v the_o north_n east_n upon_o siberia_n tartar_n the_o tartar_n and_o some_o other_o province_n under_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n jurisdiction_n though_o they_o former_o especial_o the_o calmuc_a tartar_n use_v to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o some_o of_o the_o tartarian_a province_n depend_v upon_o the_o russian_a empire_n nevertheless_o since_o the_o muscovite_n have_v guard_v the_o frontier_n on_o that_o side_n with_o good_a fortification_n and_o garrison_n and_o have_v make_v these_o vagabond_n sensible_a of_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o fire_n arm_n they_o be_v not_o so_o forward_o in_o maâ—ing_v their_o eruption_n their_o only_a way_n they_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o now_o be_v to_o appear_v sometime_o in_o great_a number_n on_o the_o frontier_n and_o to_o send_v their_o deputy_n into_o muscovy_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o get_v considerable_a present_n from_o the_o czar_n who_o think_v it_o more_o prudence_n to_o purchase_v the_o friendship_n of_o a_o vagabond_n â—â—ople_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o loose_v than_o to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o expense_n of_o send_v a_o army_n against_o 〈…〉_o lieu_fw-fr of_o which_o they_o assist_v the_o czar_n in_o his_o war_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o further_a their_o passage_n and_o traffic_n into_o china_n but_o the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n tartar_n the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n use_v to_o be_v the_o most_o mischievous_a neighbour_n to_o muscovy_n it_o be_v true_a the_o turk_n do_v not_o immediate_o border_v upon_o muscovy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n inhabit_a by_o the_o budziack_n and_o 〈◊〉_d tartar_n who_o though_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n to_o the_o south_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n as_o they_o be_v the_o grand_a signor_n vassal_n so_o he_o make_v use_v of_o they_o like_o his_o hunt_a dog_n to_o overcome_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n to_o the_o very_a gate_n of_o its_o capital_a city_n czar_n michael_n frederovit_n endeavour_v to_o prevent_v their_o incursion_n by_o cause_v the_o wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o in_o some_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o line_n strengthen_v with_o a_o moat_n of_o about_o five_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o they_o do_v not_o rest_n till_o they_o have_v pull_v down_o the_o first_o and_o fill_v up_o the_o last_o and_o by_o their_o frequent_a incursion_n have_v almost_o render_v that_o part_n of_o muscovy_n quite_o desolate_a for_o which_o reason_n the_o muscovite_n be_v always_o oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o frontier_n and_o sometime_o to_o give_v they_o a_o diversion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o donepsian_a cosack_n and_o the_o nogajan_n tartar_n but_o the_o case_n be_v much_o alter_v as_o to_o this_o particular_a of_o late_a year_n for_o since_o the_o muscovite_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o pole_n at_o oliva_n be_v become_v master_n of_o kiovia_n this_o serve_v they_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n at_o once_o to_o bridle_n the_o insolency_n of_o these_o robber_n and_o for_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o turk_n especial_o if_o they_o prevent_v the_o last_o from_o get_v first_o footing_n in_o vkraina_n but_o the_o take_n of_o asoph_n 〈◊〉_d the_o further_a progress_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n 〈◊〉_d the_o crim_n tartar_n give_v a_o fair_a prospect_n to_o the_o muscovite_n not_o only_o of_o secure_v themselves_o for_o the_o â—â—ture_n against_o their_o attempt_n but_o also_o of_o reducâ—â—â—_n they_o under_o their_o obedience_n and_o by_o take_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o precop_n to_o enter_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o empire_n 〈◊〉_d the_o border_n of_o the_o black_a sea_n the_o pole_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o redoubtable_a â—_z the_o muscovite_n have_v pole_n the_o pole_n their_o situation_n 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o to_o encourage_v they_o to_o act_n against_o the_o muscovite_n when_o ever_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a opportunity_n of_o which_o they_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n during_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n 〈…〉_o when_o they_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o have_v make_v it_o a_o province_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 〈◊〉_d if_o by_o their_o own_o division_n they_o have_v not_o give_v 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n leisure_n to_o recover_v themselves_o but_o 〈◊〉_d they_o seem_v to_o have_v sufficient_o secure_v their_o â—â—â—â—tiers_n against_o the_o insult_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o than_o 〈◊〉_d master_n of_o surleasko_n severia_n and_o kiâ—â—iâ—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o pole_n be_v reckon_v much_o the_o better_a soldâ—â—â—â—_n the_o field_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o 〈◊〉_d yet_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o zaparogian_n cosack_v 〈◊〉_d a_o little_a strengthen_v the_o muscovian_a force_n and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o some_o measure_n be_v look_v as_o a_o sufficient_a balance_n to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o polish_v horse_n 〈◊〉_d since_o the_o muscovite_n now_o be_v capable_a to_o outâ—â—_n the_o pole_n if_o not_o in_o goodness_n at_o least_o in_o the_o number_n oâ—_n their_o horse_n the_o muscovite_n have_v former_o great_a contest_v 〈◊〉_d the_o swede_n swede_n the_o swede_n about_o livonia_n which_o occasion_v several_a bloody_a war_n but_o since_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v remove_v by_o the_o peace_n of_o oliva_n when_o the_o first_o resign_v all_o their_o pretension_n to_o this_o country_n the_o muscovite_n need_v not_o fear_v any_o thing_n from_o that_o side_n where_o it_o border_v on_o sweden_n since_o more_o conquest_n in_o far_o distant_a country_n will_v prove_v more_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a to_o sweden_n and_o the_o muscovite_n have_v not_o great_a encouragement_n to_o atâ—â—ck_v the_o swede_n on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o have_v for_o 〈◊〉_d most_o part_n succeed_v so_o ill_o in_o their_o attempt_n â—â—sides_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o if_o the_o pole_n â—â—ho's_n interest_n it_o be_v not_o to_o let_v livonia_n fall_v into_o â—â—eirs_n hand_n shall_v join_v with_o the_o swede_n against_o 〈◊〉_d they_o will_v put_v they_o very_o hard_o to_o it_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o muscovite_n army_n appear_v now_o very_o numerous_a in_o the_o field_n yet_o will_v they_o scarce_o be_v able_a â—â—â—graple_v with_o two_o such_o potent_a enemy_n who_o be_v 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o conjunction_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d horse_n with_o the_o well_o dissipline_v infantry_n of_o 〈◊〉_d swede_n will_v perhaps_o prove_v invincible_a to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d but_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n whether_o we_o conâ—â—der_v the_o vast_a extent_n fertility_n and_o variety_n of_o proâ—â—cts_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n whether_o its_o strength_n 〈◊〉_d regard_n of_o its_o vast_a revenue_n its_o advantageous_a aestuation_n in_o respect_n of_o of_o its_o neighbour_n be_v â—â—â—ounded_v on_o the_o north_n and_o east_n with_o a_o vast_a sea_n 〈◊〉_d a_o great_a wilderness_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o great_a â—â—mber_n of_o force_n it_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v or_o 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o the_o vast_a increase_n of_o its_o traffic_n 〈◊〉_d persian_a indian_a chinese_n trade_n especial_o if_o approve_v by_o the_o advantage_n his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n have_v have_v over_o the_o crim_n tartar_n it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d that_o as_o the_o present_a flourish_a condition_n 〈◊〉_d the_o russian_a empire_n render_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o europe_n so_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o government_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a check_n to_o their_o grow_a greatness_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o traffic_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a 〈◊〉_d under_o the_o auspicious_a reign_n of_o so_o hopeful_a a_o 〈◊〉_d as_o now_o sway_n be_v the_o sceptre_n it_o may_v conâ—â—â—_n for_o the_o superiority_n with_o the_o great_a and_o powerful_a kingdom_n of_o the_o universe_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o abel_n roper_n at_o the_o black_a boy_n in_o fleetstreet_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n historical_a geographical_a physical_a political_n and_o ecclesiastical_a viz._n it_o be_v origine_fw-la and_o extent_n with_o a_o description_n of_o its_o town_n and_o province_n the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o all_o its_o king_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o election_n power_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n or_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o diet_n and_o form_n of_o government_n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o gentry_n their_o religion_n learning_n language_n custom_n habit_n manner_n riches_n trade_n and_o military_a affair_n together_o with_o the_o state_n of_o physic_n and_o natural_a knowledge_n as_o also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o courland_n etc._n etc._n by_o b._n connor_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n publish_a by_o the_o care_n and_o assistance_n of_o mr._n savage_n the_o second_o edition_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o remark_n on_o marriage_n by_o mr._n brown_n of_o the_o marriage-ceremony_n or_o the_o ceremony_n use_v in_o marriage_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o signior_n gaya_n translate_v from_o the_o italian_a print_a for_o a._n roper_n and_o a._n boswel_o the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o natural_a religion_n discover_v in_o the_o principal_a branch_n of_o it_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o prevail_a notion_n of_o the_o modern_a sceptic_n and_o latitudinarian_o with_o a_o introduction_n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o reveal_v religion_n by_o tho._n becconsal_n b._n d._n of_o brasenose_n college_n in_o oxford_n
many_o obstacle_n to_o be_v surmount_v in_o a_o undertake_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o i_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o want_n of_o learning_n and_o the_o natural_a propensity_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o general_a to_o jealousy_n and_o secrecy_n will_v render_v it_o at_o least_o very_o difficult_a if_o not_o quite_o impractieable_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o empire_n compose_v out_o of_o several_a nation_n distinguish_v in_o their_o language_n religion_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v these_o consideration_n be_v so_o prevail_v with_o i_o as_o to_o check_v my_o first_o inclination_n in_o hope_n that_o some_o body_n or_o another_o will_v lay_v hold_n on_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n of_o give_v a_o true_a description_n of_o a_o country_n which_o have_v be_v but_o superficial_o know_v hitherto_o in_o england_n but_o perceive_v that_o no_o body_n will_v venture_v to_o engage_v himself_o in_o the_o design_n i_o take_v a_o resolution_n to_o undertake_v the_o task_n though_o never_o so_o difficult_a rather_o than_o to_o let_v slip_v so_o seasonable_a a_o opportunity_n as_o offer_v itself_o by_o the_o arrival_n of_o his_o present_a czarrish_a majesty_n in_o england_n of_o give_v the_o public_a the_o best_a account_n i_o can_v of_o the_o russian_a empire_n the_o vastness_n of_o its_o territory_n a_o great_a many_o whereof_o be_v quite_o unfrequented_a by_o stranger_n do_v put_v i_o under_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o of_o several_a nation_n in_o europe_n that_o have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o travel_v in_o muscovy_n for_o as_o i_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o insert_v nothing_o in_o this_o treatise_n but_o what_o i_o have_v receive_v upon_o the_o credlt_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n of_o their_o own_o relation_n so_o i_o be_v oblige_v to_o consult_v the_o travel_n and_o most_o especial_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o english_a german_n french_a dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n into_o those_o part_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o one_o foreigner_n do_v visit_v one_o half_a of_o this_o spacious_a empire_n i_o be_v put_v under_o a_o indispensable_a necessity_n of_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o one_o with_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o who_o have_v according_a to_o their_o several_a occasion_n take_v different_a road_n in_o their_o travel_n through_o muscovy_n but_o here_o it_o be_v i_o find_v myself_o engage_v in_o â—hese_n difficulty_n which_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v surmount_v for_o in_o compare_v the_o several_a relation_n of_o different_a person_n and_o nation_n 〈◊〉_d find_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o reconcile_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o various_a description_n of_o place_n especial_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o their_o situation_n and_o distance_n occasion_v doubtless_o by_o the_o most_o stupid_a ignorance_n and_o jealousy_n of_o those_o muscovite_n from_o who_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o intelligence_n the_o history_n of_o muscovy_n itself_o even_o that_o of_o the_o last_o age_n be_v entangle_v in_o such_o perplexity_n in_o point_n of_o chronology_n that_o some_o of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o our_o age_n who_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o name_n have_v be_v surprise_v into_o some_o mistake_v of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n as_o well_o as_o their_o religion_n and_o policy_n be_v very_o different_a from_o most_o other_o nation_n in_o europe_n and_o either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o but_o superficial_o know_v in_o these_o part_n so_o the_o ensue_a relation_n may_v in_o all_o probability_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o instruct_v but_o also_o to_o divert_v the_o curious_a reader_n i_o must_v confess_v the_o present_a muscovian_a empire_n may_v well_o have_v deserve_v a_o treatise_n suitable_a in_o bulk_n to_o its_o vast_a extent_n but_o the_o eagerness_n which_o most_o of_o my_o friend_n show_v in_o the_o publish_v of_o it_o at_o this_o season_n oblige_v i_o tâ—_n contract_v it_o into_o as_o narrow_a a_o compass_n as_o the_o matter_n will_v allow_v of_o which_o as_o it_o haâ—_n be_v do_v with_o all_o the_o brevity_n imaginable_a so_o i_o have_v be_v very_o careful_a in_o not_o pass_v bâ—_n any_o thing_n of_o moment_n which_o i_o believe_v may_v be_v material_a and_o tend_v to_o the_o satisfaction_n oâ—_n the_o reader_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n also_o 〈◊〉_d think_v it_o most_o expedient_a to_o divide_v the_o whole_a into_o two_o distinct_a volume_n the_o first_o of_o which_o contain_v a_o description_n of_o those_o several_a nation_n and_o vast_a territory_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o present_a grand_fw-fr czar_n of_o muscovy_n together_o with_o their_o law_n custom_n manner_n of_o live_v religion_n and_o policy_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o its_o increase_n till_o the_o death_n of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n john_n basilovit_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o last_o age._n but_o the_o various_a and_o most_o surprise_v revolution_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o grand_a tyrant_n happen_v in_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n either_o in_o consideration_n of_o their_o various_a vicissitude_n or_o the_o strangeness_n of_o their_o event_n surpass_v not_o only_a what_o former_a age_n have_v deliver_v of_o this_o kind_n but_o hardly_o to_o be_v parallel_v by_o posterity_n i_o reserve_v the_o full_a and_o exact_a relation_n of_o they_o to_o the_o second_o volume_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o muscovite_n history_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o affair_n from_o the_o year_n 1613_o when_o the_o family_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n first_o ascend_v the_o throne_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o his_o czarrish_a majesty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n errata_fw-la page_n 7._o line_n 24._o for_o 50000._o read_v 60000._o p._n 29._o l._n 6._o f._n great_a r._n some_o p._n 45._o l._n 20._o f._n be_v r._n be_v p._n 49._o l._n 2._o f._n two_o r._n no._n p._n 55._o l._n 15._o f._n pice_n r._n piece_n p._n 61._o l._n 13._o f._n find_v r._n force_v p._n 6â—_n l._n 14._o f._n have_v r._n be_v p._n 65._o l._n 13._o f._n imposter_n r._n imposture_n l._n 23._o f._n impostor_n r._n imposture_n p._n 81._o l._n 19_o f._n often_o r._n use_v of_o 〈◊〉_d p._n 83._o l._n ult_n f._n as_o r._n which_o p._n 92._o l._n 2._o f._n before_o r._n but._n p._n 100_o l._n 34._o f._n some_o other_o of_o their_o custom_n r._n some_o of_o their_o other_o custom_n p._n 101._o l._n 28._o f._n nest_n r._n sty_n p._n 108._o l._n ult_n f._n what_o r._n which_o p._n 110._o l._n 31._o f._n ox_n r._n or_o p._n 329._o l._n 36._o f._n again_o r._n against_o moscovy_n or_o russia_n etc._n etc._n a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o muscovy_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n mvscovy_n be_v former_o the_o name_n proper_o belong_v to_o one_o province_n only_o of_o the_o russian_a empire_n of_o which_o musco_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n but_o as_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o france_n that_o the_o province_n of_o that_o name_n have_v communicate_v its_o name_n and_o include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o 〈◊〉_d french_a king_n dominion_n so_o muscovy_n compreâ—â—â—ds_v now_o adays_o all_o those_o vast_a province_n under_o the_o grand_a czar_n obedience_n this_o vast_a country_n a_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_n sarmatia_n europaa_n be_v heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o roxolania_n russia_n or_o white_a russia_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o russian_n give_v to_o the_o muscovite_n have_v its_o derivation_n it_o be_v without_o question_n the_o great_a empire_n of_o all_o europe_n its_o length_n be_v near_o six_o hundred_o and_o its_o breadth_n above_o three_o hundred_o league_n empire_n the_o extent_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n northward_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o freeze_a sea_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n on_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o river_n oby_n on_o the_o south_n the_o crim_n and_o precopian_a tartar_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n it_o border_n upon_o poland_n livonia_n and_o sweden_n its_o whole_a extent_n be_v from_o the_o 46_o to_o 66_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o the_o 55_o to_o the_o 80th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n consider_v the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o several_a province_n which_o compose_v this_o great_a empire_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o of_o necessity_n there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o the_o length_n of_o day_n heat_v and_o cold_a and_o no_o small_a variety_n of_o season_n soil_v and_o fruit_n according_a to_o their_o several_a climate_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o hereafter_o when_o each_o of_o they_o will_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o particular_a nevertheless_o it_o be_v
the_o absolute_a power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n life_n and_o fortune_n they_o may_v be_v parallel_v at_o least_o if_o not_o prefer_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n in_o particular_a with_o a_o description_n of_o its_o chief_a city_n mvscovy_n as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n in_o the_o two_o northern_a part_n border_v on_o sweden_n and_o tartary_n the_o southern_a muscovy_n and_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n we_o will_v in_o this_o chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n in_o particular_a reserve_v its_o more_o northern_a province_n to_o the_o follow_v and_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o astrachan_n casan_n siberia_n and_o other_o tartarian_a country_n call_v muscovy_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n the_o southern_a muscovy_n comprehend_v ten_o province_n the_o first_o be_v the_o province_n of_o muscovy_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o have_v communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a empire_n it_o be_v a_o flat_a country_n beautify_v with_o great_a store_n of_o forest_n most_o of_o they_o of_o sir_n and_o beech-tree_n lakes_n and_o river_n abound_v in_o every_o thing_n requisite_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o human_a life_n the_o forest_n abound_v with_o honey_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n as_o the_o plain_n do_v with_o grass_n and_o corn_n and_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n furnish_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n except_o carp_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v here_o or_o if_o they_o be_v in_o some_o place_n they_o eat_v harsh_a and_o be_v quite_o neglect_v in_o a_o country_n where_o they_o have_v such_o store_n of_o the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v musco_n musco_n a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o it_o have_v give_v its_o name_n as_o it_o have_v derive_v its_o own_o from_o the_o river_n moska_n which_o pass_v through_o and_o divide_v that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v strelitza_n slaâ—oda_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o after_o have_v receive_v the_o two_o small_a river_n of_o neglina_n and_o yagusa_n and_o join_v its_o current_n with_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la fall_v afterward_o into_o the_o great_a river_n wolga_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a plain_n betwixt_o the_o three_o abovementioned_a river_n its_o figure_n be_v almost_o circular_a contain_v in_o its_o circumference_n fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o mile_n at_o least_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o conflagration_n which_o frequent_o happen_v in_o this_o city_n both_o its_o form_n and_o extent_n do_v not_o continue_v many_o year_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n it_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o frontier_n which_o on_o either_o side_n be_v above_o 600_o mile_n it_o be_v elevation_n be_v 55_o degree_n and_o 36_o min._n latitude_n its_o longitude_n 66_o degree_n before_o the_o crim_n tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o destroy_v it_o and_o the_o pole_n burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n all_o but_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o year_n 1611._o it_o be_v doubtless_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v by_o computation_n number_v near_o â—0000_n house_n â—0000_n â—0000_n this_o with_o the_o largeness_n of_o its_o street_n and_o the_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o house_n make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a though_o not_o the_o most_o populous_a city_n of_o europe_n the_o city_n of_o musco_n like_o most_o of_o all_o the_o other_o town_n in_o muscovy_n be_v build_v all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o palace_n of_o person_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n some_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o the_o house_n of_o some_o very_a rich_a merchant_n which_o be_v of_o brick_n or_o stone_n it_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n throughout_o all_o muscovy_n to_o build_v their_o â—ouses_n of_o wood_n make_v up_o of_o beam_n and_o cross-piece_n of_o fir_n lay_v and_o join_v one_o upon_o another_o the_o vacuity_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o moss_n they_o be_v cover_v with_o bark_n of_o tree_n upon_o which_o they_o sometime_o lie_v another_o cover_n of_o turff_n the_o better_a to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o winter-season_n the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o handsome_a enough_o in_o dry_a wether_n but_o after_o the_o least_o rain_n very_o dirty_a and_o will_v for_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v render_v quite_o unpassable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fir_n post_n which_o be_v lay_v across_o the_o street_n like_o a_o bridge_n serve_v instead_o of_o a_o pavement_n the_o combustible_a matter_n of_o which_o their_o house_n be_v compose_v together_o with_o the_o carelessness_n and_o disorderly_a housekeep_n of_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n make_v their_o house_n very_a subject_n to_o the_o mischance_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n there_o be_v certain_a interval_n leave_v from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o the_o soon_o to_o quench_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o guard_n and_o watch_n in_o the_o nighttime_n carry_v pole-ax_n wherewith_o they_o instant_o break_v down_o the_o next_o adjoin_v house_n to_o those_o that_o be_v on_o fire_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o precaution_n there_o be_v seldom_o a_o week_n without_o some_o damage_n do_v by_o fire_n which_o however_o the_o muscovite_n be_v the_o less_o disturb_v at_o by_o how_o much_o more_o common_a it_o be_v and_o may_v be_v repair_v without_o any_o considerable_a loss_n to_o the_o owner_n their_o furniture_n consist_v common_o of_o a_o few_o bench_n only_a which_o also_o serve_v instead_o of_o bed_n and_o some_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o as_o for_o their_o house_n they_o be_v almost_o as_o soon_o repair_v as_o lose_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a market_n without_o the_o white_a wall_n of_o this_o city_n where_o at_o a_o very_a easy_a rate_n wood_n be_v so_o over-plenty_n in_o this_o country_n they_o buy_v a_o house_n of_o what_o bigness_n they_o please_v ready_o build_v which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v take_v down_o and_o transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o other_o house_n stand_v before_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o great_a city_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o distinct_a quarter_n or_o circuit_n quarter_n musco_n divide_v into_o four_o quarter_n the_o first_o which_o the_o muscovite_n call_v cataygorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n mid-city_n cataygorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o other_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o brick_n wall_n call_v cresne_n stenna_n or_o red_a stone_n and_o surround_v almost_o by_o the_o two_o river_n of_o mosca_n and_o neglina_n the_o first_o pass_v by_o it_o on_o the_o south_n and_o join_v with_o the_o latter_a on_o the_o north-side_n behind_o the_o castle_n musco_n the_o castle_n of_o musco_n the_o castle_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n call_v cremelena_n by_o the_o russian_n take_v up_o near_o one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v at_o least_o two_o mile_n in_o circumference_n and_o very_o well_o fortify_v with_o a_o triple_a strong_a wall_n very_o well_o mount_v with_o cannon_n and_o strengthen_v by_o a_o very_a good_a ditch_n the_o palace_n itself_o stand_v at_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o castle_n next_o adjoin_v to_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n be_v build_v of_o stone_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o notwithstanding_o which_o the_o czar_n use_v during_o the_o winter-season_n to_o eat_v and_o to_o sleep_v in_o some_o apartment_n make_v of_o wood_n as_o be_v less_o moist_a than_o the_o other_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v several_a boyar_n who_o have_v great_a place_n at_o court_n and_o live_v within_o the_o castle_n in_o very_o fair_a house_n of_o stone_n there_o be_v several_a convent_v of_o monk_n and_o nun_n and_o near_o fifty_o church_n and_o chapel_n of_o stone_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v those_o of_o st._n mary_n st._n nicholas_n and_o that_o of_o st._n michael_n famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o russia_n among_o a_o great_a many_o other_o steeple_n which_o adorn_v these_o church_n and_o be_v all_o cover_v with_o copper_n â—nd_v large_a cross_n gild_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o which_o â—eing_v burnish_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d resemblance_n of_o gold_n at_o a_o distance_n two_o be_v most_o particular_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o be_v both_o in_o â—he_n centre_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o first_o call_v
three_o sister_n at_o 〈◊〉_d time_n their_o woman_n and_o maid_n be_v all_o wrap_v up_o iâ—_n a_o piece_n of_o coarse_a white_a cloth_n scarce_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o their_o face_n the_o man_n wear_v a_o lonâ—_n coat_n make_v of_o linen_n cloth_n under_o which_o thâ—â—_n wear_v breeches_n they_o all_o shave_v their_o head_n thâ—_n young_a man_n who_o be_v unmarried_a leave_v however_o for_o distinction_n sake_n a_o long_a tress_n of_o hair_n hang_v upon_o their_o back_n their_o language_n be_v peculiar_a 〈◊〉_d themselves_o have_v no_o relation_n with_o that_o of_o the_o â—ther_o neighbour_a tartar_n or_o with_o the_o turkish_a 〈◊〉_d muscovian_a language_n though_o some_o of_o they_o that_o aâ—â—_n conversant_a with_o the_o muscovite_n have_v attain_v soâ—â—_n knowledge_n of_o their_o tongue_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o five_o remain_a province_n of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n which_o be_v muâ—â—_n less_o considerable_a than_o those_o we_o have_v describe_v bâ—fore_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o with_o all_o the_o brevity_n imaginable_a scarce_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o name_n of_o their_o 〈◊〉_d place_n be_v to_o be_v know_v by_o foreigner_n the_o six_o therefore_o be_v the_o province_n of_o jarostve_n 〈◊〉_d jarostaf_n jarostaf_n jarostaf_n have_v beside_o its_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o samâ—_n name_n two_o city_n call_v riâ—iena_n and_o nova_fw-la româ—_n the_o seven_o be_v susdal_n susdal_n susdal_n have_v also_o borrow_v its_o name_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o name_n which_o 〈◊〉_d also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n beside_o which_o 〈◊〉_d contain_v the_o town_n of_o jorgowitz_n and_o castroâ—mow_n the_o eight_o be_v call_v rosthou_fw-mi roâ—thou_fw-mi roâ—thou_fw-mi its_o capital_a city_n be_v vglitz_n these_o three_o dukedom_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n of_o and_o enjoy_v by_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o muscovy_n till_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o john_n basilovitz_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1565._o they_o be_v reunite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n north-east_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v the_o nine_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n be_v it_o be_v calâ—ed_v it_o be_v it_o have_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n it_o be_v as_o the_o latter_a be_v indebt_v for_o its_o name_n to_o the_o river_n it_o be_v which_o together_o with_o â—he_n river_n of_o volga_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o city_n be_v siâ—uated_v at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n about_o forty_o mile_n from_o hence_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v another_o town_n â—alled_v torsock_n build_v likewise_o on_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o â—ill_n not_o altogether_o so_o big_a as_o it_o be_v but_o surround_v â—ith_n rampart_n and_o bastion_n of_o wood._n both_o of_o â—â—em_n have_v their_o particular_a weywode_n oâ—_n governor_n the_o ten_o and_o last_o of_o these_o province_n be_v roshovie_n roshovie_n roshovie_n â—aving_a not_o any_o thing_n remarkable_a but_o its_o capital_a city_n â—f_n that_o name_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o three_o famous_a â—ivers_n of_o volga_n the_o dwina_n and_o the_o boristhenes_n â—hich_v have_v their_o rise_n in_o this_o province_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o which_o border_n upon_o sweden_n and_o those_o border_n upon_o tartary_n lapland_n muscoviâ—â—_n lapland_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o where_o the_o muscovian_a lapland_n offer_v itself_o to_o our_o consideration_n it_o be_v subdivide_v into_o three_o lesser_a province_n the_o first_o call_v mouremankois_n have_v the_o city_n of_o kola_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n and_o swanchet_n the_o second_o call_v terskoi_n where_o be_v the_o city_n of_o jokena_n and_o polin-osâ—ro_a the_o three_o call_v bellamoresko_n contain_v the_o city_n of_o kondulatz_n omay_n and_o komi_n the_o second_o in_o order_n of_o the_o great_a northern_a province_n belong_v to_o muscovy_n be_v the_o province_n of_o dwina_n dwina_n dwina_n have_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n duina_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n at_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n of_o jagel_n and_o sachona_n fall_v into_o the_o white_a sea_n near_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n this_o province_n be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o northern_a on_o the_o swediâ—â—_n side_n of_o muscovy_n be_v in_o former_a age_n subject_a to_o thâ—_n duke_n of_o novogorod_n and_o have_v but_o one_o city_n calleâ—_n duina_n in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o it_o but_o since_o thâ—_n english_a dutch_a and_o hanseatick_a town_n remove_v theâ—_n traffic_n from_o the_o city_n of_o narva_n to_o archangel_n thâ—_n province_n be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerabâ—â—_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n as_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n be_v now_o the_o staple_n of_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o mâ—â—scovy_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o safe_a and_o commodious_a hâ—â—bour_n the_o city_n of_o archangel_n or_o st._n michael_n archangel_n a_o archbishops_n seat_n archangel_n archangel_n and_o now_o the_o capital_a of_o 〈◊〉_d province_n be_v situate_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o riâ—â—â—_n duina_n on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o you_o enter_v it_o from_o the_o wâ—â—â—_n sea_n where_o it_o make_v the_o island_n of_o podesemski_n 〈◊〉_d none_o of_o the_o large_a but_o withal_o so_o populous_a that_o no_o other_o place_n in_o whole_a muscovy_n be_v comparable_a to_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n which_o flock_v thither_o from_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n to_o truck_v their_o commodity_n which_o consist_v in_o corn_n caviarr_n fur_n hemp_n russia_n leather_n and_o wax_n against_o cloth_n velvet_n damask_n spice_n tin_n lead_v wine_n and_o strong-water_n import_v by_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o hamburgher_n so_o that_o sometime_o 300_o or_o 400_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o several_a nation_n in_o the_o port_n of_o archangel_n the_o custom_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o amount_v yearly_o to_o near_o 200000_o l._n sterling_n it_o be_v above_o sevenscore_n year_n ago_o since_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o remove_v their_o trade_n from_o narva_n to_o this_o place_n for_o king_n edward_n vi._n have_v set_v out_o a_o fleet_n for_o the_o establish_n a_o trade_n in_o some_o unknown_a country_n they_o have_v follow_v the_o northern_a passage_n be_v at_o last_o bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o archangel_n john_n basilovitz_n the_o then_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o draw_v the_o english_a traffic_n thither_o â—o_o encourage_v their_o undertake_n grant_v they_o a_o privilege_n of_o commerce_n without_o any_o custom_n or_o impost_n so_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1555._o the_o english_a settle_v a_o company_n there_o under_o the_o direction_n of_o one_o mr._n killingworth_n and_o the_o muscovy_n trade_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o continue_v from_o that_o place_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o since_o the_o year_n 1591._o when_v the_o town_n become_v a_o mart_n the_o dutch_a and_o hamburgher_n have_v interfere_v with_o the_o english_a in_o their_o commerce_n it_o have_v a_o considerable_a castle_n which_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1506._o and_o the_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n reduce_v to_o ash_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o be_v since_o that_o time_n restore_v to_o a_o more_o flourish_a condition_n than_o before_o in_o the_o gulf_n which_o the_o sea_n make_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n dwina_n there_o be_v three_o small_a island_n call_v soloska_n anger_n and_o colova_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v heretofore_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o a_o muscovian_a saint_n who_o body_n be_v about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o translate_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n beside_o this_o and_o the_o beforementioned_a city_n of_o dwina_n st._n nicholas_n lapas_n and_o korela_n be_v the_o most_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o country_n the_o next_o considerable_a in_o rank_n though_o not_o in_o order_n pleskou_fw-fr pleskou_fw-fr of_o these_o northern_a province_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o pleskou_n have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n call_v pleskou_n the_o muscovite_n call_v it_o pskou_n from_o a_o lake_n about_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n distant_a from_o it_o from_z whence_o arise_v a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o run_v by_o the_o city_n and_o have_v communicate_v its_o name_n not_o only_o to_o this_o city_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n both_o the_o city_n and_o duchy_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1509._o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n reunited_a both_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n the_o town_n be_v not_o extraordinary_a large_a but_o very_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a by_o
under_o their_o own_o weywode_n but_o the_o city_n be_v inhabit_v both_o by_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n who_o have_v their_o own_o governor_n the_o province_n of_o casan_n lie_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n border_v to_o the_o east_n upon_o astrachan_n to_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o siberian_a tartar_n it_o be_v heretofore_o subject_a to_o the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n till_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovit_n father_n to_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n ivan_n basilovit_n after_o a_o signal_n victory_n obtain_v over_o these_o tartar_n casan_n the_o conquest_n of_o casan_n have_v constitute_v one_o sheale_n their_o governor_n against_o who_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n they_o make_v a_o insurrection_n and_o force_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n flush_v with_o this_o success_n they_o march_v into_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brother_n mendligeri_fw-la and_o sapgeri_fw-la who_o force_v the_o muscovite_n that_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la to_o retreat_n under_o noviogorod_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o their_o way_n to_o stop_v their_o march_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o same_o be_v besiege_v take_v and_o plunder_v and_o the_o castle_n also_o force_v to_o capitulate_v be_v first_o reduce_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n viz._n that_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v tributary_n to_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o this_o their_o subjection_n the_o great_a duke_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o smite_v his_o head_n before_o the_o statue_n of_o mendligeri_fw-la erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o market_n place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o often_o as_o the_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v be_v force_v by_o a_o unavoidable_a necessity_n to_o confirm_v these_o article_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n the_o two_o brother_n part_v sapgeri_n choose_v casan_n for_o the_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n mendligeri_fw-la be_v the_o elder_a the_o city_n of_o crim._n but_o the_o latter_a have_v in_o view_n no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a muscovy_n march_v soon_o after_o against_o the_o city_n of_o rhesan_n and_o have_v summon_v john_n kowar_n the_o weywode_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o surrender_v unto_o who_o he_o represent_v how_o the_o great_a duke_n his_o master_n be_v become_v his_o subject_n the_o governor_n pretend_v to_o be_v quite_o ignorant_a of_o the_o matter_n desire_v that_o some_o more_o satisfactory_a proof_n may_v be_v give_v he_o before_o he_o can_v resolve_v upon_o a_o capitulation_n mendligeri_fw-la imagine_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o convince_a than_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v own_o letter_n patent_n send_v they_o to_o the_o governor_n who_o extreme_o glad_a of_o have_v get_v so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v by_o this_o stratagem_n the_o great_a duke_n original_a letter_n send_v word_n to_o the_o besieger_n that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v both_o the_o letter_n and_o castle_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o blood_n neither_o be_v he_o behind_o hand_n in_o his_o promise_n but_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o certain_a italian_a connoneer_n he_o so_o galled_a the_o tartar_n that_o have_v force_v they_o to_o retreat_n from_o before_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o send_v the_o letter_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n the_o people_n be_v overjoy_v at_o so_o lucky_a and_o unexpected_a a_o accident_n break_v down_o the_o statue_n and_o the_o czar_n take_v courage_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o subject_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o casan_n but_o after_o much_o blood_n shed_v on_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovitz_n his_o son_n john_n basilovitz_n be_v desirous_a to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n his_o father_n have_v receive_v before_o casan_n begin_v his_o reign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o city_n the_o place_n be_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n batter_v furious_o when_o he_o offer_v they_o very_o advantageous_a condition_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n not_o to_o loose_v time_n order_v his_o mine_n to_o be_v spring_v which_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n during_o this_o consternation_n the_o general_n assault_v be_v give_v and_o the_o place_v carry_v by_o storm_n the_o 9th_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1552._o not_o without_o a_o great_a slaughter_n the_o tartar_n defend_v themselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a bravery_n in_o two_o several_a retrenchment_n within_o the_o city_n after_o the_o enemy_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o breach_n and_o at_o last_o see_v all_o past_a recovery_n they_o force_v their_o way_n out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n through_o the_o muscovian_a camp_n and_o get_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n casanska_n the_o czar_n know_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o make_v he_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n order_v immediate_o the_o breach_n to_o be_v repair_v and_o some_o considerable_a addition_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o castle_n ever_o since_o which_o it_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o tartar_n who_o be_v allow_v to_o live_v in_o the_o city_n not_o dare_v under_o severe_a punishment_n to_o set_v a_o foot_n between_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v extreme_o fertile_a especial_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n melon_n grow_v there_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a taste_n come_v in_o bigness_n near_o to_o our_o pompion_n but_o not_o very_o populous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o cosack_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n volga_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nise_n novogorod_n to_o casan_n be_v east_n and_o south_n eastward_o but_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n and_o so_o further_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n its_o current_n run_v from_o north_n to_o south_n about_o 60_o mile_n below_o casan_n the_o river_n kama_n come_v north-east_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o permia_n kama_n the_o river_n kama_n fall_v on_o the_o left_a side_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o about_o 30_o mile_n low_a the_o river_n zerdick_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n kama_n fall_v also_o into_o the_o same_o river_n at_o about_o 30_o miles_n distance_n from_o hence_o be_v situate_a on_o a_o little_a ascent_n the_o city_n of_o tetus_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o shoar_n resemble_v by_o its_o disorderly_a building_n rather_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n twenty_o five_o mile_n low_a not_o many_o mile_n from_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n be_v the_o river_n vtka_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n of_o bulgar_a bulgar_a the_o province_n of_o bulgar_a the_o capital_a of_o a_o tartarian_a province_n to_o which_o it_o have_v give_v its_o name_n some_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o island_n call_v staritzza_n be_v above_o 15_o mile_n long_o and_o not_o far_o below_o this_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n among_o the_o tartar_n call_v vrenoskora_n it_o be_v a_o place_n very_o delightful_a for_o its_o situation_n and_o famous_a to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o bury_v of_o one_o of_o their_o saint_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o devotion_n a_o good_a many_o mile_n lower_v at_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o two_o other_o great_a city_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o very_o pleasant_o seat_v near_o the_o river_n side_n the_o first_o be_v call_v simberska_n gora_n the_o second_o arbeuchim_n from_o a_o adjacent_a mountain_n that_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v both_o destroy_v by_o tamerlan_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o 53_o deg_fw-la elâ—v_n the_o river_n wolga_n be_v hereabout_o as_o most_o all_o along_o from_o its_o very_a source_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n full_a of_o sand-bank_n and_o small_a island_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o on_o both_o shore_n render_v its_o passage_n very_o difficult_a and_o sometime_o unpassable_a for_o vessel_n of_o great_a burden_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n when_o by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v and_o the_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o be_v thaw_v the_o water_n of_o 〈◊〉_d river_n swell_v up_o to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n so_o 〈◊〉_d often_o they_o afford_v a_o
passage_n to_o the_o boat_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d island_n the_o river_n volga_n contain_v a_o prodigious_a store_n of_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n a_o very_a good_a commodity_n in_o musâ—ovy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o fast-day_n which_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n catch_v with_o a_o cord_n but_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n the_o tartar_n fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a cord_n a_o pretty_a big_a stone_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n several_a great_a piece_n of_o wood_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o other_o end_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n all_o along_o this_o great_a cord_n many_o little_n once_o be_v fasten_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o each_o of_o these_o have_v at_o the_o end_n a_o goodâ—ook_n bait_v with_o a_o certain_a fish_n which_o they_o know_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v greedy_a of_o by_o which_o invention_n they_o catch_v often_o fish_n of_o ten_o twelve_o and_o more_o foot_n long_o the_o muscovite_n take_v also_o a_o cord_n with_o a_o â—ook_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o this_o cord_n be_v tyâ—d_v about_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o well_o plain_v board_n tin_a over_o its_o â—igness_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v drag_v behind_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n resemble_v the_o scale_n of_o fish_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o draw_v up_o fish_n of_o a_o very_a great_a seize_v to_o the_o bait_n and_o into_o the_o snare_n among_o other_o fish_n wherewith_o this_o river_n abound_v the_o sturgeon_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a who_o egg_n afford_v that_o ragout_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v cavayar_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o muscovite_n 〈◊〉_d the_o egg_n be_v put_v into_o a_o paste_n be_v prepare_v 10_o or_o 12_o day_n with_o salt_n this_o commodity_n afford_v a_o considerable_a trade_n to_o muscovy_n be_v export_v from_o thence_o to_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a of_o this_o kind_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o czar_n keep_v this_o trade_n to_o himself_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o abovementioned_a ruin_v place_n the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n be_v very_o mountainous_a yet_o not_o â—o_o but_o that_o the_o valley_n afford_v very_o pleasant_a pasture_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v a_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v prepare_v in_o certain_a hut_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v send_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o river_n to_o mâ—sâ—o_v almost_o opposite_a to_o this_o be_v another_o mountain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o river_n vssa_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o fine_a meadow_n border_v upon_o the_o shoar_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o thence_o be_v very_o thick_a wood_n a_o place_n of_o retreat_n for_o the_o cosack_n which_o make_v it_o very_o dangerous_a for_o traveler_n below_o this_o lie_v the_o mountain_n diwiagora_n or_o maids-mountain_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a steepy_a '_o hill_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o bear_v pine-tree_n in_o so_o regular_a a_o order_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v plant_v there_o on_o purpose_n make_v it_o appear_v very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o rises_z another_z which_o reach_v near_o 40_o mile_n along_o the_o river_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o valley_n thâ—_n cyâ—â—â—_n valley_n be_v the_o valley_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v store_v with_o appletree_n afford_v very_o good_a cider_n be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jabla-new-quas_a which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o drink_v of_o apple_n some_o of_o these_o mountain_n reach_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o country_n other_o border_v only_o upon_o the_o riverside_n at_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o samara_n belong_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a tartarian_a province_n of_o bulgar_a and_o above_o 300_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n it_o be_v form_n be_v square_a its_o building_n all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v three_o in_o number_n the_o river_n of_o samar_n from_o whence_o it_o derive_v its_o name_n fall_v about_o three_o mile_n below_o into_o the_o volga_n about_o 100_o mile_n from_o hence_o be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v all_o bare_a without_o any_o wood_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o retreat_v place_n to_o the_o cosack_n live_v upon_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o have_v from_o thence_o get_v its_o denomination_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o city_n of_o saratof_n above_o 200_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o be_v abundance_n of_o small_a island_n in_o this_o river_n so_o that_o at_o certain_a season_n it_o have_v be_v fordable_a and_o consequent_o very_o incommodious_a for_o ship_n of_o burden_n who_o at_o such_o place_n be_v oblige_v to_o unload_v part_n of_o their_o cargo_n in_o small_a boat_n which_o they_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o city_n of_o saratof_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a plain_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o riverside_n upon_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o as_o a_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v kalmuches_n kalâ—uches_n tartar_n kalâ—uches_n inhabit_v a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o extend_v towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n betwixt_o this_o river_n and_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi about_o three_o hundred_o mile_n low_a 50_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n the_o city_n of_o zariza_n tanais_n the_o river_n tanais_n the_o river_n don_n the_o tanais_n of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n advance_v within_o a_o day_n journey_n near_o the_o river_n volga_n as_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o say_a city_n behind_o a_o certain_a island_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinsko_n there_o fall_v a_o little_a river_n call_v kamous_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n don_n into_o the_o river_n volga_n but_o it_o be_v very_o shallow_a afford_v scarce_o passage_n for_o small_a boat_n notwithstanding_o which_o there_o be_v some_o who_o affirm_v that_o it_o may_v be_v render_v more_o navigable_a and_o consequent_o a_o communication_n be_v establish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o considerable_a river_n near_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o abovementioned_a place_n wolga_n the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n near_o achtobska_n vtska_n the_o river_n volga_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o take_v its_o course_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o country_n carry_v its_o stream_n for_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o afterward_o reassume_v its_o former_a course_n returns_z to_o the_o southeast_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o hence_o at_o 5_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o riverside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o great_a city_n former_o call_v zaaresgorod_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 〈◊〉_d royal_a build_v as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o tamerlain_n its_o palace_n and_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n which_o have_v furnish_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n for_o these_o many_o year_n with_o material_n for_o their_o wall_n church_n and_o monastery_n a_o few_o mile_n from_o this_o place_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o zariza_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n 49_o degree_n and_o 42_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o several_a bastion_n and_o tower_n but_o all_o of_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n and_o cossack_n and_o inhabit_v only_o by_o soldier_n who_o also_o serve_v for_o a_o convoy_n to_o the_o vessel_n pass_v this_o way_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n all_o about_o here_o and_o even_o as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n itself_o the_o country_n except_o the_o beforementioned_a island_n of_o zerpinsko_n which_o be_v twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o furnish_v the_o cattle_n belong_v to_o the_o garrison_n with_o grass_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o barren_a that_o it_o afford_v no_o manner_n of_o corn_n which_o defect_n however_o be_v easy_o supply_v by_o help_n of_o the_o river_n the_o fertile_a ground_n about_o casan_n furnish_v these_o part_n and_o even_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n with_o wheat_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n about_o sixscore_o mile_n below_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n the_o river_n wesowi_n near_o a_o small_a island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o do_v the_o river_n wolodinerski_n vtsga_n 30_o mile_n low_o
fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o day_n but_o before_o we_o part_v with_o our_o travel_a merchant_n i_o can_v forbear_v to_o mention_v here_o a_o certain_a way_n they_o use_v in_o those_o part_n of_o ease_v these_o reen_o or_o sled-stag_n in_o their_o travel_n it_o be_v the_o more_o surprise_v the_o less_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v practise_v among_o the_o europaean_n though_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v some_o year_n since_o see_v something_o not_o unlike_a to_o it_o in_o holland_n viz._n a_o certain_a machine_n drive_v forward_o by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n upon_o a_o level_n this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n favour_n they_o put_v up_o in_o their_o sled_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v drive_v along_o sometime_o over_o the_o land_n cover_v with_o snow_n sometime_o over_o the_o river_n freeze_v with_o ice_n the_o dog_n and_o deer_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o a_o country_n all_o level_n china_n why_o the_o muscovite_n travel_v by_o land_n into_o china_n such_o as_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n as_o the_o oar_n in_o a_o vessel_n when_o becalm_v or_o labour_v against_o the_o wind._n it_o will_v perhaps_o seem_v strange_a to_o those_o who_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o these_o north-eastern_a part_n that_o whereas_o these_o travel_a merchant_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o those_o great_a number_n of_o river_n which_o be_v betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n they_o shall_v choose_v the_o way_n by_o land_n as_o be_v both_o more_o chargeable_a and_o troublesome_a but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o grand_fw-fr tartary_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n be_v not_o so_o desert_n as_o have_v be_v imagine_v there_o be_v insurmountable_a obstacle_n in_o these_o river_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v even_o the_o best_a seaman_n in_o the_o world_n much_o more_o the_o russian_n who_o be_v hitherto_o not_o the_o most_o expert_a in_o sea-affair_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o river_n who_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v in_o europe_n the_o most_o considerable_a both_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o course_n be_v the_o river_n oby_n genessay_n or_o jenessay_n lena_n and_o yamour_n the_o two_o first_o have_v this_o inconveniency_n that_o where_o they_o disembogue_v into_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o year_n long_o so_o choke_v up_o with_o whole_a mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o dangerous_a beside_o which_o the_o latter_a of_o the_o two_o be_v towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o so_o full_a of_o cataract_n or_o water-falls_a at_o some_o league_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o occasion_v by_o the_o rock_n who_o top_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o most_o delicious_a flower_n by_o their_o odoriferous_a scent_n perfume_v the_o circumjacent_a air_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pass_v without_o unlade_v the_o vessel_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o great_a charge_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n lena_n lie_v more_o easterly_a be_v not_o so_o much_o pester_v with_o ice_n as_o the_o former_a and_o its_o course_n much_o more_o easy_a yet_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n which_o lie_v very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o very_o dangerous_a if_o not_o quite_o unpassable_a to_o ship_n of_o never_o so_o little_a burden_n except_o it_o be_v to_o very_o small_a fisher-boat_n it_o be_v true_a the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a for_o traffic_n its_o course_n be_v uniform_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o sea-bull-rush_n which_o at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n grow_v like_o a_o forest_n of_o that_o thickness_n that_o a_o man_n can_v hardly_o grasp_v one_o of_o they_o with_o both_o his_o arm_n whereby_o all_o passage_n for_o ship_n to_o go_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v quite_o obstruct_a all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o obstacle_n consider_v who_o can_v blame_v the_o muscovite_n if_o they_o prefer_v the_o most_o commodious_a and_o short_a way_n before_o the_o danger_n of_o these_o river_n which_o however_o be_v not_o useless_a but_o rather_o very_o commodious_a to_o they_o in_o their_o land-travel_n from_o siberia_n across_o the_o tartarian_a province_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o china_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o travel_v with_o more_o ease_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v freeze_v and_o be_v more_o navigable_a towards_o their_o source_n than_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o their_o course_n during_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o chinese_n arisen_a about_o the_o building_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o albazin_n by_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr these_o merchant_n use_v to_o go_v by_o water_n upon_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o szelinga_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n which_o bear_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o last_o of_o these_o river_n be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o travel_a mercant_n from_o this_o city_n they_o travel_v by_o land_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o mongul_n to_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o chan_n of_o becroesain_n one_o of_o their_o principal_a chans_n where_o also_o reside_v the_o coutusta-lama_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o tartarian_a high_a priest_n here_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o present_n they_o obtain_v guide_n and_o carriage_n with_o a_o good_a convoy_n who_o conduct_n they_o to_o the_o frontier_n if_o china_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o samoyede_n groenland_n livonia_n and_o courland_n the_o samoyede_n or_o samogede_n inhabit_v that_o tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v north-east_n of_o siberia_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n extend_v to_o the_o straight_a of_o weigat_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n their_o habitation_n be_v under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n itself_o this_o country_n be_v first_o discover_v to_o the_o muscovite_n by_o a_o russian_a merchant_n who_o name_n be_v oneke_n who_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n trade_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o rich_a fur_n and_o gather_v great_a wealth_n at_o last_o make_v a_o discovery_n of_o it_o to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v send_v thither_o a_o splendid_a embassy_n they_o soon_o persuade_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o czarish_n majesty_n pay_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o sable_a skin_n for_o their_o yearly_a tribute_n they_o be_v former_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o those_o the_o ancient_n call_v shytes_n or_o sarmates_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o word_n samoyede_v be_v a_o muscovian_a word_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o self-eater_n compose_v out_o of_o sam_n which_o signify_v once_o self_n and_o geda_n to_o eat_v because_o they_o use_v to_o eat_v the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n mix_v with_o their_o venison_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o this_o country_n abound_v and_o always_o be_v and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n their_o ordinary_a food_n some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o abii_n of_o which_o curtius_n speak_v that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v obii_fw-la from_o the_o river_n oby_n though_o they_o have_v no_o city_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o live_v a_o vagabond-life_n like_o most_o of_o the_o tartar_n but_o have_v their_o settle_a habitation_n which_o be_v certain_a cabans_n or_o hut_n some_o foot_n deep_a under_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n build_v vault-wise_a a_o top_n have_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o a_o hole_n underneath_o which_o be_v the_o fire-place_n round_o about_o which_o they_o lie_v during_o the_o winter_n it_o serve_v both_o for_o a_o chimney_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o door_n through_o which_o they_o let_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o other_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o snow_n which_o fall_v here_o often_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a during_o this_o season_n which_o last_v six_o month_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o continual_a darkness_n their_o correspondence_n be_v maintain_v betwixt_o they_o by_o the_o trench_n or_o walk_n under_o ground_n from_o one_o hut_n to_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o visit_v one_o another_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o melancholy_a light_n of_o lamp_n feed_v with_o oil_n draw_v of_o a_o certain_a fish_n of_o which_o as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o make_v provision_n in_o the_o summer_n which_o season_n begin_v here_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o septentrional_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o rejoice_v
have_v which_o they_o prefer_v before_o our_o sugar_n spice_n or_o vinegar_n which_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o refuse_v as_o they_o also_o show_v more_o satisfaction_n in_o their_o ordinary_a food_n of_o seadog_n calf_n reen_n fox_n house-dog_n and_o fish_n but_o especial_o stockfish_n than_o in_o any_o of_o our_o dish_n the_o swart_a colour_n of_o these_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n in_o the_o world_n may_v very_o well_o furnish_v we_o with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o digression_n here_o in_o contradiction_n of_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o pliny_n to_o wit_n 78._o lib._n 2._o c._n 78._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n burn_v the_o skin_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cold_a whiten_n it_n if_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v not_o at_o present_a beyond_o our_o scope_n wherefore_o we_o will_v pursue_v the_o tract_n of_o our_o history_n and_o give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o livonia_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n livonia_n livonia_n border_n on_o the_o east_n upon_o muscovy_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o sweden_n and_o finland_n by_o a_o gulf_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n call_v by_o the_o latin_n sinus_n livonicus_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o south_n samogitia_n lithuania_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n be_v near_o 600_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o 200_o broad_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o province_n to_o wit_n into_o esthonie_n lettie_n and_o courland_n the_o first_o of_o these_o province_n be_v subdivide_v into_o five_o circuit_n call_v hanie_n wirland_n allentaken_v jerwe_v and_o wieck_n its_o metropolis_n be_v revel_v as_o riga_n of_o the_o province_n of_o lettie_n and_o goldingen_n be_v the_o capital_a of_o courland_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n revel_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n at_o 50_o degr_n 25_o min._n latitude_n and_o 48_o degr_n 30_o min._n longitude_n it_o have_v for_o its_o founder_n waldemar_n or_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o but_o king_n wolmar_n iii_o sell_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1347._o with_o some_o other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n to_o goswin_n d'_fw-fr eck_n the_o then_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n of_o knight_n the_o muscovite_n have_v for_o above_o these_o hundred_o year_n pass_v be_v very_o ambitious_a to_o unite_v not_o only_o this_o city_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a livonia_n with_o the_o russian_a empire_n which_o have_v occasion_v several_a war_n not_o only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n but_o also_o with_o the_o swede_n after_o this_o city_n have_v put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o this_o city_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o two_o memorable_a sieges_n it_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o muscovite_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1577._o both_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v with_o great_a loss_n the_o city_n be_v fortify_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a way_n but_o its_o chief_a strength_n lie_v in_o its_o castle_n which_o be_v most_o advantageous_o situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n steepy_a on_o all_o side_n render_v it_o almost_o unaccessible_a except_o towards_o the_o city_n where_o it_o be_v defend_v by_o very_o good_a work_n it_o have_v a_o most_o excellent_a haven_n fit_v rather_o by_o nature_n than_o art_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o trade_n especial_o with_o muscovy_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a league_n and_o have_v for_o some_o year_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n the_o direction_n of_o the_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a town_n in_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n it_o be_v very_o flourish_v in_o its_o commerce_n from_o the_o year_n 1477._o till_o the_o year_n 1550._o when_v have_v break_v with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n the_o muscovite_n soon_o after_o take_v the_o city_n of_o narva_n and_o establish_v there_o the_o trade_n they_o have_v before_o in_o this_o city_n notwithstanding_o which_o it_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o privilege_n of_o be_v a_o mart_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o they_o by_o several_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1595._o at_o teusma_n in_o the_o year_n 1607._o at_o wibourg_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o at_o stolvova_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n their_o wing_n have_v be_v clip_v of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o former_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n and_o be_v since_o look_v upon_o as_o dangerous_a to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o sovereign_n the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v here_o like_v in_o most_o other_o commonwealth_n that_o profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n administer_v by_o a_o consistory_n and_o a_o superintendent_n and_o their_o civil_a constitution_n come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o democratical_a state_n the_o magistrate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o transact_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a profession_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n not_o without_o summon_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n within_o half_a a_o league_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o seaside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o stately_a monastery_n about_o 200_o year_n ago_o dedicate_v to_o st._n bridget_n by_o a_o very_a wealthy_a merchant_n of_o this_o city_n the_o only_a thing_n remarkable_a here_o be_v a_o book_n compose_v of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o monastery_n intimate_v that_o the_o religious_a man_n and_o woman_n for_o it_o consist_v of_o both_o of_o this_o monastery_n have_v be_v so_o ingenious_a even_o in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o have_v find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o one_o another_o by_o certain_a sign_n without_o the_o help_n of_o word_n the_o next_o city_n of_o note_n in_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n narva_n narva_n be_v narva_n situate_v in_o the_o circuit_n of_o allentaken_v at_o 60_o degree_n elevation_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n narva_n or_o nerva_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o lake_n pripis_fw-la fall_v with_o a_o very_a swift_a current_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n about_o ten_o mile_n below_o this_o city_n near_o three_o mile_n above_o it_o there_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a cataract_n or_o water-fall_a which_o oblige_v the_o ship_n that_o come_v down_o the_o river_n from_o plescou_n and_o other_o place_n to_o narva_n to_o unlade_v their_o merchandize_n near_o that_o place_n this_o town_n which_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o exceed_v strong_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o adjacent_a castle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v build_v as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n by_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1558._o besiege_v and_o take_v by_o john_n basilovit_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n but_o recover_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pontus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_n the_o swedish_n general_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n it_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o have_v for_o many_o year_n pass_v enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n and_o be_v in_o the_o last_o age_n a_o place_n of_o very_o good_a traffic_n till_o the_o muscovian_a trade_n be_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a transfer_v to_o archangel_n and_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n destroy_v its_o commerce_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a in_o oliver_n cromwel_n time_n the_o commerce_n to_o archangel_n be_v interrupt_v there_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o prospect_n of_o revive_v the_o trade_n into_o muscovy_n abundance_n of_o ship_n make_v use_n of_o this_o harbour_n for_o that_o purpose_n at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o haven_n be_v repair_v and_o several_a new_a addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o town_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o stranger_n it_o have_v two_o castle_n belong_v to_o it_o one_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n in_o a_o peninsula_n make_v by_o the_o river_n nerva_n it_o be_v call_v ivanovogorod_n and_o be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o a_o rock_n so_o inaccessible_a that_o it_o be_v judge_v impregnable_a and_o be_v not_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o when_v gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o at_o the_o
be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o muscovite_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o the_o swede_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o but_o be_v however_o three_o year_n after_o recover_v by_o the_o pole_n by_o stratagem_n and_o ten_o year_n after_o that_o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o till_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o latter_a the_o swede_n retake_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n 1617._o and_o have_v keep_v it_o ever_o since_o by_o the_o ensue_a treatise_n betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n the_o three_o province_n of_o livonia_n courland_n courland_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o courland_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n dune_n this_o province_n be_v miserable_o ruin_v during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n pole_n and_o swede_n and_o when_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n with_o all_o that_o be_v remain_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n make_v courland_n a_o dukedom_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o goddard_n kettler_n of_o nesselroth_n last_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o livonia_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o fief_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o william_n the_o young_a son_n of_o this_o goddard_n who_o enjoy_v the_o dukedom_n after_o his_o elder_a brother_n frederick_n die_v without_o issue_n be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o by_o sigismond_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o exile_n till_o the_o year_n 1619._o when_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o several_a foreign_a prince_n he_o be_v re-establish_v in_o his_o dukedom_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v goldingen_n but_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v at_o mittaw_n mittaw_n mittaw_n situate_v in_o that_o part_n of_o courland_n which_o be_v call_v semgalle_n above_o thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n of_o riga_n during_o the_o first_o war_n betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swode_n the_o latter_a take_v the_o city_n of_o mittaw_n which_o they_o fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o possession_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n then_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o courland_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o gulf_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n couri-chaf_a or_o lake_n of_o courland_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n memel_fw-la memel_fw-la call_v memel_fw-la by_o the_o german_n and_o cleupeda_n by_o the_o courlander_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o river_n tange_fw-la which_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o fall_v into_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v castle_n be_v extreme_o pleasant_o situate_v and_o well_o fortify_v and_o its_o harbour_n very_o commodious_a it_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1250_o and_o belong_v to_o the_o friar_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1328_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o prussia_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o this_o city_n and_o that_o duchy_n be_v absolute_o surrender_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o remain_v ever_o since_o in_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o the_o country_n of_o livonia_n itself_o be_v not_o know_v in_o these_o part_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1158._o when_v a_o certain_a ship_n of_o bremen_n be_v force_v by_o a_o tempest_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n the_o merchant_n of_o that_o city_n begin_v to_o establish_v a_o commerce_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o this_o country_n its_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v all_o pagan_n before_o that_o time_n of_o who_o superstition_n and_o sacrifice_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v anon_o the_o first_o that_o preach_v the_o gospel_n among_o they_o be_v menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1170._o make_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o livonia_n by_o alexander_n iii_o pope_n of_o rome_n his_o successor_n bertold_v a_o monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o white_a friar_n not_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v for_o employ_v the_o sword_n in_o convert_v these_o idolatrous_a people_n who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n kill_v he_o with_o above_o 10000_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o christian_a interest_n be_v in_o the_o utmost_a danger_n of_o have_v be_v quite_o lose_v in_o that_o country_n have_v not_o the_o prudence_n of_o albert_n a_o canon_n of_o bremen_n and_o successor_n to_o bertold_v in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o livonia_n in_o part_n restore_v what_o the_o former_a have_v lose_v for_o he_o knight_n livonian_a knight_n the_o better_a to_o establish_v the_o christian_a interest_n in_o these_o part_n by_o the_o authority_n receive_v from_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n or_o friar_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n so_o call_v because_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o white_a cloak_n a_o red_a short_a sword_n with_o a_o star_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o they_o have_v change_v since_o into_o two_o short_a sword_n salter-wise_a they_o be_v oblige_v almost_o to_o the_o same_o rule_n with_o the_o knights-templar_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o barbarian_n and_o to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o that_o they_o gain_v from_o their_o enemy_n but_o in_o regard_n this_o new_a religious_a order_n at_o first_o be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o subsist_v upon_o its_o own_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o order_n of_o st._n mary_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 1238._o in_o the_o person_n of_o herman_n balek_n grand_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n have_v a_o dependence_n from_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o that_o order_n till_o be_v hardly_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n first_o claim_v the_o title_n over_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o they_o become_v entire_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n who_o have_v in_o part_n free_v himself_o of_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n be_v receive_v among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o convenient_a situation_n have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n look_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o wishful_a eye_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o enter_v it_o with_o a_o very_a powerful_a army_n but_o be_v vanquish_v in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n fight_v betwixt_o they_o and_o walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n where_o 40000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o livonian_o for_o fifty_o year_n this_o be_v expire_v the_o grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basilovit_n be_v flush_v with_o his_o late_a conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v then_o betwixt_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n enter_v livonia_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n and_o have_v ruin_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o derpt_a or_o torpat_v and_o wirland_n retreat_v into_o muscovy_n this_o have_v put_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n they_o be_v for_o seek_v aid_n in_o all_o part_n and_o have_v make_v their_o first_o application_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o with_o little_a success_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n which_o be_v the_o most_o expose_v of_o all_o offer_v to_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v be_v refuse_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o likewise_o refuse_v they_o the_o desire_a succour_n of_o man_n and_o money_n unless_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n in_o which_o case_n he_o will_v maintain_v they_o in_o their_o privilege_n the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a nobility_n separate_v from_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1560._o in_o the_o mean_a while_n
the_o archbishop_z of_o riga_n and_o the_o coadjutor_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n have_v make_v a_o league_n defensive_a with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n unto_o who_o they_o have_v promise_v 300000_o l._n sterling_n towards_o the_o defray_a the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n and_o for_o his_o security_n have_v engage_v several_a bailywick_n but_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o extreme_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o how_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n and_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n or_o esthland_n have_v be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n refuse_v to_o execute_v the_o treaty_n unless_o they_o will_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n and_o submit_v themselves_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o sweden_n be_v therefore_o reduce_v to_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o choose_v the_o least_o evil_a the_o archbishop_n and_o master_n of_o the_o order_n be_v force_v to_o surrender_v all_o the_o act_n and_o charter_n they_o have_v obtain_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n who_o in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n name_n receive_v also_o from_o they_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n give_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n with_o the_o country_n of_o gourland_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o courland_n in_o the_o year_n 1562._o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n get_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a livonia_n except_o that_o part_n of_o esthonie_n which_o have_v surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n who_o by_o degree_n get_v all_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v entire_o resign_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n be_v very_o fertile_a but_o especial_o in_o wheat_n abound_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n fowl_n and_o venison_n a_o ox_n be_v common_o to_o be_v buy_v here_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o hog_n for_o a_o crown_n and_o a_o good_a hare_n for_o a_o groat_n but_o have_v within_o these_o two_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v so_o oppress_v with_o famine_n that_o a_o great_a many_o thousand_o of_o the_o peasant_n have_v die_v for_o hunger_n its_o inhabitant_n must_v be_v consider_v under_o different_a qualification_n livonia_n inhabitant_n of_o livonia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o german_n and_o their_o posterity_n out_o of_o which_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v compose_v the_o second_o be_v the_o peasant_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o live_v in_o the_o champain_n country_n of_o lettie_n and_o esthonie_n have_v nothing_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o but_o be_v absolute_a slave_n either_o to_o the_o nobility_n or_o chief_a citizen_n they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o german_n vnteutsche_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o germane_a perhaps_o because_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o language_n of_o the_o german_n they_o be_v the_o great_a slave_n in_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v allege_v against_o they_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o such_o a_o severe_a subjection_n they_o will_v be_v always_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n at_o any_o rate_n of_o which_o they_o have_v give_v some_o proof_n when_o ever_o any_o occasion_n present_v the_o origin_n of_o the_o livonian_a nobility_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o service_n they_o have_v in_o former_a age_n do_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o muscovite_n nobility_n their_o nobility_n they_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tax_n and_o charge_n volmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v they_o manor_n to_o hold_v in_o fealty_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o eric_n vii_o by_o letter_n patent_n and_o augment_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n and_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n some_o of_o these_o manor_n especial_o in_o the_o district_v of_o harrie_n and_o wirland_n be_v inheritable_a by_o the_o daughter_n and_o their_o issue_n to_o the_o five_o degree_n but_o they_o be_v above_o all_o behold_n to_o that_o famous_a walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n who_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1513._o acknowledge_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n exempt_v the_o nobility_n from_o all_o subjection_n except_v such_o service_n as_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o manor_n when_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o swede_n they_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o that_o crown_n but_o with_o a_o proviso_n of_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v once_o a_o year_n a_o review_n make_v of_o this_o nobility_n which_o do_v not_o only_o upon_o occasion_n furnish_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n but_o also_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o sweden_n as_o their_o chief_a nursery_n of_o officer_n even_o to_o the_o general_n of_o army_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n both_o as_o to_o policy_n and_o justice_n be_v commit_v to_o twelve_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v precedent_n their_o judicial_a process_n be_v very_o short_a and_o decide_v once_o a_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o january_n by_o this_o council_n who_o after_o a_o declaration_n and_o a_o answer_n proceed_v immediate_o to_o judgement_n to_o perform_v this_o with_o the_o more_o conveniency_n each_o province_n have_v its_o own_o captain_n as_o they_o call_v he_o who_o business_n be_v to_o represent_v to_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o employment_n be_v never_o continue_v above_o three_o year_n in_o the_o same_o person_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a triennial_n judge_n appoint_v for_o the_o determine_n of_o difference_n in_o the_o flat_a country_n concern_v the_o limit_n betwixt_o private_a man_n which_o have_v be_v render_v dubious_a by_o the_o war_n and_o some_o other_o judge_n or_o overseer_n of_o the_o highway_n bridge_n and_o causway_n but_o from_o all_o these_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n religion_n their_o religion_n they_o be_v lutheran_n here_o which_o must_v be_v chief_o understand_v from_o the_o nobility_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n but_o as_o for_o the_o peasant_n they_o can_v scarce_o be_v call_v half_a christian_n much_o less_o to_o be_v say_v of_o any_o particular_a religion_n be_v even_o to_o this_o day_n so_o deep_o entangle_v in_o their_o heathenish_a superstition_n that_o they_o scarce_o ever_o go_v to_o church_n or_o at_o least_o never_o communicate_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o force_n they_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o wretched_a and_o slavish_a condition_n they_o live_v in_o quite_o regardless_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o this_o life_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o when_o they_o take_v a_o oath_n they_o conclude_v with_o these_o word_n if_o i_o do_v not_o swear_v true_a i_o be_o content_a that_o the_o curse_n of_o god_n may_v light_v upon_o my_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o my_o child_n upon_o all_o what_o appertain_v to_o i_o to_o the_o nine_o generation_n some_o of_o they_o especial_o the_o peasant_n about_o riga_n if_o they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n at_o law_n put_v a_o turf_n upon_o their_o head_n with_o a_o white_a stick_n in_o their_o hand_n thereby_o signify_v that_o they_o consent_v that_o they_o their_o child_n and_o cattle_n may_v become_v as_o dry_a as_o the_o turf_n and_o stick_n if_o they_o swear_v false_o they_o frequent_o put_v a_o needle_n and_o thread_n into_o the_o grave_a with_o the_o decease_a because_o forsooth_o he_o may_v perhaps_o have_v occasion_n to_o mend_v his_o clothes_n in_o the_o other_o world_n sorcery_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a among_o they_o than_o prayer_n the_o first_o be_v propagate_v by_o tradition_n from_o the_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n they_o never_o kill_v a_o beast_n but_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v away_o nor_o never_o brew_v but_o something_o must_v be_v spill_v which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o preservative_n against_o witchcraft_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o way_n of_o rebaptise_v their_o child_n themselves_o though_o private_o if_o in_o some_o week_n after_o the_o first_o baptism_n they_o happen_v to_o fall_v sick_a which_z
they_o say_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o child_n have_v receive_v a_o name_n not_o suitable_a to_o its_o constitution_n and_o therefore_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v it_o another_o they_o love_v to_o do_v their_o private_a devotion_n upon_o hill_n or_o near_o a_o tree_n in_o which_o have_v make_v several_a incision_n and_o tie_v it_o up_o with_o some_o red_a stuff_n they_o there_o offer_v their_o prayer_n which_o always_o tend_v to_o some_o benefit_n of_o this_o life_n the_o peasant_n about_o revel_n and_o narva_n go_v once_o a_o year_n viz._n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o lady_n visitation_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o a_o old_a ruine_a chapel_n betwixt_o these_o two_o city_n where_o kneel_v before_o a_o great_a stone_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o they_o offer_v fruit_n and_o flesh_n as_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n the_o whole_a end_n with_o dance_a drink_v and_o sometime_o fight_v all_o this_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o their_o ignorance_n as_o stubbornness_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o village_n but_o what_o have_v a_o church_n and_o minister_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n reside_v at_o revel_n keep_v as_o watchful_a a_o eye_n as_o possible_o he_o can_v over_o the_o clergy_n beside_o which_o the_o catechism_n the_o gospel_n and_o epistle_n with_o certain_a explication_n add_v to_o it_o have_v be_v long_o ago_o translate_v into_o their_o native_a tongue_n for_o their_o general_a benefit_n but_o all_o this_o have_v prove_v insufficient_a to_o root_v out_o of_o these_o stubborn_a peasant_n the_o remnant_n of_o their_o idolatrous_a superstition_n their_o wedding_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n as_o odd_a as_o some_o other_o of_o their_o custom_n wedding_n their_o wedding_n for_o if_o a_o peasant_n marry_v a_o country_n lass_n out_o of_o another_o village_n he_o get_v on_o horseback_n with_o a_o stick_v cleave_v at_o the_o top_n wherein_o be_v put_v a_o brass_n piece_n of_o money_n thus_o equip_v and_o accompany_v by_o two_o of_o his_o friend_n with_o naked_a sword_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o bagpiper_n ride_v before_o he_o he_o come_v to_o fetch_v the_o bride_n who_o he_o set_v behind_o he_o and_o have_v make_v she_o embrace_v he_o with_o the_o right-hand_a away_o he_o ride_v to_o the_o house_n where_o the_o marriage_n be_v to_o be_v consummate_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o door_n his_o two_o friend_n give_v each_o of_o they_o a_o stroke_n with_o their_o sword_n cross_v the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n which_o be_v open_v he_o give_v the_o brass_n piece_n of_o money_n to_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o there_o be_v enter_v his_o two_o friend_n stick_v their_o sword_n into_o a_o beam_n direct_o over_o his_o head_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v do_v to_o prevent_v charm_n for_o which_o purpose_n also_o the_o bride_n as_o she_o come_v along_o the_o road_n scatter_v little_a piece_n of_o some_o red_a stuff_n or_o another_o by_o the_o way_n but_o especial_o where_o any_o cross-way_n meet_v or_o near_o any_o cross_n which_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o grave_n of_o little_a child_n which_o die_v without_o baptism_n who_o they_o bury_v in_o the_o highway_n they_o have_v however_o one_o custom_n which_o among_o people_n so_o barbarous_a seem_v to_o have_v something_o extraordinary_a in_o it_o for_o after_o the_o bride_n and_o bridegroom_n be_v set_v down_o at_o the_o table_n with_o the_o guest_n they_o do_v tarry_v long_a there_o but_o within_o half_a a_o hour_n leave_v the_o guest_n to_o themselves_o they_o get_v to_o bed_n after_o have_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hour_n try_v one_o another_o vigour_n return_v to_o the_o table_n where_o with_o drink_v and_o dance_v they_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o day_n and_o follow_a night_n till_o what_o with_o weariness_n and_o what_o with_o drunkenness_n their_o leg_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o when_o they_o all_o pig_n together_o in_o one_o nest_n as_o for_o their_o garment_n they_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o wretched_a condition_n to_o wit_n of_o a_o coarse_a cloth_n the_o woman_n petticoat_n be_v without_o any_o plait_n like_o a_o sack_n those_o who_o have_v be_v able_a to_o save_v a_o little_a by_o their_o drudgery_n beyond_o the_o rest_n wear_v about_o their_o neck_n a_o necklace_n of_o plate_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n and_o upon_o the_o breast_n one_o hang_v down_o by_o a_o chain_n as_o big_a as_o a_o trencher_n but_o not_o very_o thick_a their_o shoe_n be_v either_o make_v out_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n or_o raw_a leather_n of_o a_o cow_n hide_v but_o because_o we_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v here_o of_o the_o superstition_n of_o these_o demi-christian_a peasant_n in_o livonia_n it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o beyond_o our_o scope_n to_o subjoin_v here_o some_o memorable_a observation_n not_o common_o know_v concern_v the_o religion_n sacrifice_n and_o certain_a custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o livonia_n prussia_n lithuania_n russia_n and_o some_o other_o neighbour_a sarmatian_a nation_n when_o pagan_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v a_o great_a congruity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o some_o of_o these_o idolatrous_a superstition_n we_o have_v just_a now_o relate_v of_o the_o livonian_a peasantry_n but_o also_o by_o make_v a_o due_a comparison_n a_o great_a many_o custom_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o northern_a nation_n and_o among_o they_o more-especial_o by_o the_o russian_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o their_o carnaval_n marriage_n funeral_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v observe_v to_o owe_v their_o first_o offspring_n to_o their_o pagan_a ancestor_n these_o nation_n before_o they_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n have_v many_o god_n unto_o who_o they_o use_v to_o offer_v their_o sacrifice_n occopirnus_n be_v call_v by_o they_o the_o god_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n antrimpus_n be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o sea_n gardvates_n the_o god_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o seafaring_a man_n these_o three_o be_v reckon_v equivalent_a among_o they_o to_o jupiter_n neptune_n and_o portuninus_n by_o the_o roman_n beside_o these_o potrympus_n be_v their_o god_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n pilvitus_n the_o god_n of_o riches_n perguboius_n the_o god_n of_o the_o spring_n pargnus_fw-la the_o god_n of_o thunder_n and_o tempest_n poctus_fw-la the_o god_n of_o darkness_n and_o infernal_a spirit_n poccollus_n the_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o air_n putscaetus_n the_o god_n of_o sacred_a wood_n and_o grove_n ausceutus_n the_o god_n of_o health_n and_o sickness_n marcoppol_n the_o god_n of_o nobleman_n beside_o which_o they_o have_v those_o they_o call_v backtuâ—s_n or_o erdmanlein_n by_o the_o german_n that_o be_v to_o say_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o some_o other_o spirit_n which_o use_v to_o appear_v to_o they_o in_o the_o russian_a tongue_n call_v colkie_a by_o the_o greek_n coboli_n and_o cobold_n in_o the_o german_a language_n on_o st._n george_n day_n they_o use_v to_o offer_v their_o sacrifice_n to_o pergubrius_n the_o god_n of_o flower_n plant_n and_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o priest_n hold_v a_o cup_n of_o beer_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n adore_v the_o idol_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o call_v he_o by_o his_o name_n sing_v thus_o in_o his_o praise_n thou_o drive_v away_o the_o wâ—nter_n thoâ—_n restorest_n to_o we_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v owe_v to_o thy_o power_n that_o our_o field_n and_o garden_n appear_v â—ine_o and_o green_a and_o that_o the_o tree_n and_o forest_n be_v cover_v with_o leave_n have_v finish_v this_o song_n the_o priest_z taking_z hold_v of_o the_o cup_n of_o beer_n with_o his_o tooth_n drink_v it_o off_o quite_o without_o the_o help_n of_o his_o hand_n when_o he_o throw_v it_o backward_o over_o his_o head_n the_o cup_n be_v take_v up_o from_o the_o ground_n and_o replenish_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n all_o that_o be_v present_a drink_n one_o after_o another_o sing_v the_o abovementioned_a hymn_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o idol_n and_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o dance_v when_o the_o harvest-time_n begin_v to_o approach_v the_o country_n people_n use_v to_o perform_v the_o same_o sacrifice_n which_o in_o the_o russian_a language_n they_o call_v zazinck_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o harvest_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v over_o they_o use_v to_o choose_v one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v present_a to_o begin_v the_o harvest_n who_o cut_v down_o immediate_o a_o handful_n of_o corn_n carry_v it_o to_o his_o house_n till_o next_o day_n when_o first_o he_o and_o his_o servant_n and_o then_o the_o rest_n begin_v the_o harvest_n which_o be_v end_v they_o use_v again_o to_o meet_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o
re-establish_v but_o another_o set_v up_o in_o their_o stead_n where_o no_o cosack_n be_v permit_v to_o enroll_v themselves_o but_o scarce_o two_o year_n be_v elapse_v before_o the_o pole_n have_v sufficient_a occasion_n to_o repent_v themselves_o of_o this_o change_n for_o the_o tartar_n who_o before_o the_o reform_v of_o these_o cosack_n never_o dare_v so_o much_o as_o approach_v these_o frontier_n make_v a_o great_a irruption_n into_o the_o vkraine_n and_o after_o have_v ruin_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o the_o tertitory_n of_o pereaslaw_n corfun_n and_o wisnowitz_n return_v home_o with_o a_o vast_a booty_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o prisoner_n according_a to_o their_o wont_a custom_n ladislaus_n therefore_o then_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v due_o weigh_v the_o necessity_n there_o be_v to_o keep_v on_o foot_n this_o body_n upon_o which_o he_o much_o rely_v especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o he_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o heavy_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n effectual_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o former_a condition_n have_v give_v they_o for_o their_o general_n one_o bogdan_n or_o theodore_n chmielniski_n but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v conceive_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n against_o the_o cosack_n miss_v no_o opportunity_n of_o do_v they_o what_o mischief_n they_o can_v among_o the_o rest_n a_o certain_a polish_v gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v jarinski_n do_v not_o only_o burn_v some_o mill_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n chmielniski_n but_o also_o after_o have_v ravish_v his_o wife_n killed_z both_z she_o and_o her_o son_n chmielniski_n be_v provoke_v to_o revenge_v so_o barbarous_a a_o affront_n after_o have_v demand_v satisfaction_n which_o be_v deny_v he_o stir_v up_o his_o cosack_n who_o with_o burn_a plunder_v and_o ravish_v continual_o pester_v the_o polish_v nobility_n so_o that_o they_o address_v themselves_o to_o king_n john_n casimir_n brother_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n ladislaus_n desire_v he_o to_o march_v against_o they_o in_o person_n which_o he_o have_v refuse_v to_o do_v they_o bring_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o man_n but_o be_v miserable_o beat_v by_o the_o cosack_n and_o have_v a_o second_o time_n encounter_v they_o without_o the_o king_n consent_n they_o receive_v another_o overthow_v to_o revenge_v this_o they_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n when_o chmielniski_n be_v celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n of_o his_o son_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n the_o pole_n then_o surprise_v the_o cosack_n plunder_v the_o city_n and_o take_v the_o grecian_a patriarch_n prisoner_n the_o general_n have_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o order_n be_v answer_v no_o but_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v do_v it_o to_o revenge_v themselves_o upon_o the_o cosack_n chmielniski_n be_v vehement_o incense_v against_o the_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o tartar_n and_o enter_v poland_n with_o a_o vast_a army_n the_o king_n march_v against_o he_o in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o the_o city_n of_o berestesko_n on_o the_o river_n stir_v where_o both_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n be_v entire_o rout_v though_o they_o be_v almost_o three_o to_o one_o strong_a than_o the_o pole_n notwithstanding_o which_v their_o general_n chmielniski_n who_o escape_v after_o the_o battle_n have_v reassembled_a the_o remainder_n of_o his_o break_a army_n so_o continual_o harass_v the_o neighbour_a country_n that_o the_o king_n think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o come_v to_o a_o agreement_n with_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1651._o but_o the_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o king_n proceed_n do_v let_v slip_v no_o opportunity_n that_o offer_v itself_o to_o affront_v the_o cosack_n but_o especial_o their_o general_n chmielniski_n which_o oblige_v they_o about_o two_o year_n after_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1653._o to_o join_v with_o the_o muscovite_n who_o with_o their_o assistance_n take_v in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n and_o vilna_n so_o that_o it_o be_v chief_o owe_v to_o their_o valour_n that_o the_o muscovite_n get_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o province_n of_o smolensko_n and_o severia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiovia_n which_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v at_o oliva_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o about_o which_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cosack_n put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o rest_n under_o the_o turk_n whereby_o they_o open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o latter_a into_o the_o vkraine_n and_o podolia_n where_o two_o year_n after_o they_o take_v the_o famous_a fortress_n of_o caminieck_n from_o the_o pole_n out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v relate_v concern_v the_o cosack_n cosack_n retreat_v place_n of_o the_o cosack_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v a_o certain_a body_n of_o soldier_n establish_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o frontier_n they_o use_v to_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o polish_v russia_n volinia_n and_o podolia_n and_o have_v original_o but_o one_o city_n belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o their_o governor_n or_o general_n they_o be_v sirnamue_v zaporogian_n cosack_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o live_n upon_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n the_o word_n porochi_n signify_v in_o the_o russian_a tongue_n as_o much_o as_o a_o stone_n or_o rock_n at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o rock_n lie_v so_o close_o together_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n which_o render_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n of_o burden_n quite_o impossible_a and_o take_v away_o all_o opportunity_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o vkraine_n to_o transport_v their_o wheat_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n to_o constantinople_n and_o other_o place_n some_o of_o these_o rock_n be_v scarce_o to_o be_v see_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n other_o again_o rise_v above_o it_o some_o six_o some_o eight_o or_o ten_o foot_n which_o occasion_n several_a dangerous_a cataract_n or_o water-falls_a which_o be_v impassable_a to_o any_o body_n else_o but_o the_o cosack_n in_o their_o light_a ship_n there_o be_v in_o all_o thirty_o of_o these_o cataract_n some_o of_o which_o at_o low_a water_n be_v twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n high_a no_o body_n can_v pass_v among_o they_o for_o a_o true_a cosack_n unless_o he_o have_v pass_v all_o these_o cataract_n which_o they_o call_v porohi_n and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v zaporouski_n and_o consequent_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n upon_o the_o black-sea_n as_o the_o knight_n of_o maltha_n be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v on_o board_n their_o galley_n before_o they_o be_v receive_v into_o that_o order_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o isle_n near_o these_o rock_n but_o among_o the_o rest_n below_o the_o river_n of_o czertomelick_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a island_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o several_a thousand_o little_a one_o some_o of_o which_o have_v sandy_a other_o marshy_a ground_n but_o all_o of_o they_o cover_v with_o bulrush_n which_o render_v these_o little_a channel_n by_o which_o they_o be_v separate_v almost_o invisible_a it_o be_v into_o these_o narrow_a passage_n and_o watery_a labyrinth_n the_o cosack_n make_v their_o retreat_n they_o call_v they_o skarbnissa_n woyskowa_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o army_n this_o be_v the_o place_n whither_o they_o carry_v all_o the_o booty_n they_o purchase_v upon_o the_o black-sea_n the_o passage_n to_o it_o be_v difficult_a and_o dangerous_a so_o that_o most_o of_o the_o turkish_a galley_n that_o pretend_v to_o pursue_v they_o here_o have_v be_v lose_v this_o be_v also_o their_o place_n of_o rendezvouz_n the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v expeditionâ—_n how_o they_o go_v upon_o their_o expeditionâ—_n after_o they_o have_v meet_v here_o be_v to_o choose_v their_o general_n who_o be_v to_o command_v in_o the_o intend_a expedition_n which_o be_v do_v they_o begin_v to_o work_v on_o their_o ship_n which_o they_o make_v themselves_o be_v about_o threescore_o foot_n long_o and_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o broad_a very_o slight_o build_v every_o one_o have_v its_o oar_n some_o ten_o other_o twelve_z and_o sometime_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o their_o sail_n be_v very_o wretched_a notwithstanding_o which_o by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o oar_n which_o they_o most_o rely_v on_o they_o far_o exceed_v the_o turkish_a galley_n in_o swiftness_n their_o provision_n consist_v in_o biscuit_n and_o some_o barrel_n of_o boil_a millet_n this_o be_v chief_o their_o food_n they_o
by_o the_o giddy-headed_a multitude_n who_o be_v always_o in_o extreme_n and_o fond_a of_o novelty_n show_v their_o approbation_n by_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o demetrius_n which_o with_o most_o horrible_a imprecation_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n excel_v most_o other_o nation_n they_o burn_v and_o throw_v the_o ash_n into_o the_o air_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o relish_v so_o well_o with_o the_o pole_n but_o that_o notwitstand_v all_o his_o specious_a pretence_n they_o resolve_v to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o severe_a account_n for_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v upon_o their_o countryman_n neither_o be_v it_o long_o before_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o to_o give_v very_o sensible_a proof_n of_o their_o utmost_a resentment_n against_o zuski_n the_o contriver_n and_o chief_a actor_n of_o that_o tragedy_n for_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o late_a demetrius_n be_v expose_v to_o public_a view_n for_o several_a day_n it_o be_v so_o mangle_v and_o hack_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o multitude_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v even_o by_o the_o near_a of_o his_o friend_n which_o schacopski_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o demetrius_n and_o one_o of_o his_o most_o trusty_a friend_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n with_o two_o or_o three_o more_o who_o he_o know_v to_o be_v absolute_o in_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o city_n of_o puttiwoll_n which_o have_v always_o stand_v vigorous_a for_o demetrius_n from_o the_o first_o time_n he_o enter_v muscovy_n with_o a_o army_n as_o they_o be_v travel_v upon_o the_o road_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o spread_v it_o about_o the_o country_n that_o demetrius_n be_v not_o dead_a that_o the_o people_n during_o the_o tumult_n have_v apprehend_v and_o massacre_v another_o in_o his_o place_n he_o have_v at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o disorder_n save_v himself_o by_o flight_n they_o show_v to_o several_a innkeeper_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o muscovy_n tell_v they_o at_o their_o departure_n that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o shall_v know_v what_o a_o great_a guest_n they_o have_v entertain_v that_o night_n they_o be_v also_o very_o profuse_a of_o their_o gold_n all_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o what_o they_o have_v hear_v they_o say_v before_o they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v enjoin_v secreâ—ie_n the_o more_o eager_a be_v they_o in_o whisper_a it_o about_o among_o their_o friend_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o become_v currant_n news_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o it_o have_v be_v encourage_v and_o improve_v by_o some_o secret_a friend_n of_o demetrius_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o meeting_n where_o this_o surprise_v news_n be_v not_o the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o discourse_n every_o one_o judge_v of_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o his_o own_o sentiment_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n george_n schacopski_n be_v with_o his_o friend_n arrive_v at_o puttiwoll_n from_o whence_o have_v immediate_o dispatch_v a_o messenger_n into_o poland_n with_o letter_n to_o the_o weywode_n of_o sendomiria_n lady_n wherein_o he_o give_v she_o a_o full_a relation_n of_o the_o conspiracy_n form_v by_o zuski_n and_o his_o party_n against_o her_o son-in-law_n but_o that_o by_o a_o peculiar_a providence_n he_o have_v save_v himself_o in_o time_n by_o flight_n and_o be_v retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o security_n from_o whence_o he_o will_v sudden_o return_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a army_n to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o friend_n upon_o these_o traitor_n that_o her_o husband_n also_o have_v by_o his_o valour_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o enrage_a multitude_n and_o remain_v in_o good_a health_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n he_o hope_v to_o give_v she_o a_o more_o ample_a account_n of_o the_o further_a success_n of_o their_o affair_n have_v send_v away_o the_o messenger_n with_o these_o dispatch_n he_o immediate_o demand_v audience_n in_o the_o great_a duke_n demetrius_n his_o master_n name_n which_o be_v soon_o grant_v he_o appear_v in_o the_o assembly_n the_o next_o day_n where_o have_v high_o extol_v the_o zeal_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n in_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o their_o constancy_n in_o persevere_v ever_o since_o steadfast_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n he_o tell_v they_o how_o zuski_n the_o present_a usurper_n prompt_v by_o his_o immensurable_a ambition_n of_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o own_o head_n have_v with_o his_o party_n form_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o life_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n demetrius_n that_o to_o facilitate_v their_o hellish_a design_n they_o have_v massacre_v a_o great_a number_n of_o innocent_a person_n in_o their_o bed_n against_o all_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o afterward_o intend_v to_o have_v do_v the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o who_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v surprise_v in_o his_o palace_n but_o have_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o little_a while_n by_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o his_o trusty_a servant_n he_o have_v by_o a_o peculiar_a providence_n of_o god_n almighty_n get_v into_o his_o stable_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o some_o of_o his_o swift_a horse_n he_o be_v with_o a_o few_o of_o his_o particular_a friend_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n and_o have_v direct_v his_o course_n to_o poland_n from_o whence_o he_o soon_o hope_v to_o return_v with_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o reduce_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o obedience_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v recommend_v to_o his_o care_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n in_o his_o absence_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o he_o produce_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o muscovy_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o a_o most_o particular_a charge_n to_o satisfy_v his_o faithful_a citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n that_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o in_o a_o place_n of_o security_n he_o further_o add_v that_o have_v have_v such_o constant_a and_o evident_a proof_n of_o their_o loyalty_n he_o have_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o master_n command_n take_v the_o direct_a road_n to_o this_o city_n to_o discharge_v himself_o of_o his_o commission_n and_o to_o give_v they_o fresh_a assurance_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n favour_n which_o they_o have_v at_o this_o time_n the_o best_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n to_o improve_v to_o their_o advantage_n if_o as_o they_o have_v do_v heretofore_o they_o will_v by_o their_o steadfastness_n show_v a_o good_a example_n to_o the_o other_o neighbour_a city_n and_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n the_o glory_n of_o a_o unshaken_a loyalty_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n the_o citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n be_v by_o these_o speciâ—â—â—_n pretence_n soon_o inveigle_v into_o a_o belief_n of_o his_o â—â—â—cere_a intention_n and_o take_v compassion_n on_o the_o misfortune_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o interest_n they_o have_v always_o espouse_v from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o first_o comiâ—â—_n out_o of_o poland_n into_o muscovy_n they_o after_o have_v return_v their_o most_o hearty_a thanks_o for_o the_o honour_n he_o do_v they_o in_o put_v so_o great_a a_o value_n upon_o their_o service_n declare_v unanimous_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o sacrifice_v their_o life_n and_o what_o else_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o in_o this_o world_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n and_o that_o as_o a_o token_n of_o their_o fidelity_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o the_o lord_n chancellour's_n order_v till_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o honour_v they_o with_o his_o presence_n the_o chancellour_n project_n have_v thus_o far_o succeed_v according_a to_o wish_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o he_o dispatch_v some_o messenger_n to_o the_o tartar_n unto_o who_o he_o represent_v the_o cruelty_n and_o treachery_n of_o zuski_n and_o by_o what_o good_a fortune_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v escape_v his_o hand_n command_v they_o in_o his_o name_n to_o repair_v at_o their_o rendezvous_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v near_o puttiwoll_n the_o cosack_v be_v also_o inveigle_v by_o the_o same_o artifices_fw-la of_o schacopski_n as_o they_o have_v always_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n so_o they_o be_v now_o the_o most_o forward_o in_o appear_v in_o arm_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n so_o that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n see_v himself_o thus_o strengthen_v by_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o cosack_n tartar_n and_o some_o mâ—scovites_n and_o by_o the_o surrender_n of_o several_a other_o place_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o puttiwoll_n he_o oblige_v
bravery_n have_v once_o more_o the_o impudence_n to_o look_v they_o in_o the_o face_n hurry_v on_o by_o their_o ill_a destiny_n to_o receive_v the_o reward_n of_o their_o treachery_n from_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o rest_n be_v pole_n the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o religion_n unto_o who_o must_v be_v ascribe_v all_o the_o evil_n and_o mischief_n which_o have_v befall_v their_o empire_n for_o these_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v that_o this_o insolent_a nation_n not_o be_v content_v to_o have_v once_o before_o involve_v their_o country_n in_o blood_n and_o confusion_n by_o set_v up_o a_o impostor_n instead_o of_o the_o true_a demetrius_n slay_v at_o ugletz_n be_v now_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o impose_v upon_o they_o a_o second_o in_o order_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o enslave_v their_o country_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o true_a ancient_a greek_a religion_n he_o represent_v to_o they_o how_o inglorious_a nay_o ignominious_a it_o will_v be_v to_o the_o whole_a russian_a nation_n who_o have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o receive_v law_n from_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v conspire_v their_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v nothing_o but_o misery_n from_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n they_o must_v look_v for_o their_o deliverance_n in_o their_o own_o courage_n with_o a_o resolution_n not_o to_o outlive_v that_o day_n which_o if_o lose_v will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o the_o glory_n purchase_v by_o their_o ancestor_n to_o their_o own_o felicity_n and_o that_o of_o all_o their_o posterity_n rosinski_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o demetrian_a general_n be_v not_o want_v to_o inflame_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n by_o represent_v to_o they_o that_o the_o muscovite_n which_o they_o see_v before_o they_o be_v the_o remnant_n of_o those_o who_o they_o have_v so_o often_o beat_v with_o a_o much_o less_o number_n witness_v their_o late_a engagement_n with_o misinowski_n who_o to_o their_o eternal_a glory_n they_o have_v drive_v from_o his_o advantageous_a post_n notwithstanding_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o number_n that_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v startle_v at_o their_o enemy_n who_o though_o much_o more_o numerous_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o undisciplined_a rabble_n terrible_a only_o in_o outward_a appearance_n the_o rest_n who_o so_o late_o have_v experience_n of_o their_o invincible_a courage_n scarce_o dare_v to_o look_v their_o conqueror_n in_o the_o face_n he_o desire_v they_o to_o remember_v the_o slaughter_n of_o that_o countryman_n in_o cold_a blood_n against_o all_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n by_o that_o very_o same_o rabble_n who_o they_o be_v now_o go_v to_o engage_v that_o their_o blood_n cry_v for_o vengeance_n they_o have_v now_o the_o fair_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n to_o take_v the_o most_o ample_a satisfaction_n from_o those_o barbarous_a wretch_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o their_o cruelty_n he_o conclude_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o conquest_n of_o whole_a muscovy_n depend_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n and_o that_o one_o day_n labour_n will_v put_v they_o into_o possession_n of_o a_o vast_a empire_n and_o all_o the_o riches_n and_o treasure_n of_o their_o enemy_n be_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o victory_n rosinski_n find_v a_o great_a eagerness_n in_o his_o soldier_n to_o engage_v lead_v they_o on_o straight_o to_o the_o enemy_n who_o they_o attack_v with_o a_o unparalleled_a bravery_n and_o force_v they_o several_a time_n to_o shrink_v before_o the_o dare_a pole_n but_o be_v continual_o reâ—â—forced_v with_o fresh_a supply_n they_o maintain_v theâ—_n ground_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o bravery_n of_o the_o demetrian_o so_o that_o the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n remain_v doubtful_a for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o zaporius_n do_v some_o year_n before_o when_o he_o fight_v hodwen_n the_o borisian_a general_n have_v place_v all_o their_o boy_n and_o other_o attendant_n belong_v to_o the_o baggage_n with_o some_o soldier_n enough_o to_o make_v up_o a_o front_n at_o some_o distance_n behind_o the_o line_n of_o battle_n these_o upon_o a_o signal_n agree_v betwixt_o they_o advance_v during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n with_o their_o colour_n fly_v drum_n beat_v and_z trumpets_z sounding_z which_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v already_o scarce_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o pole_n have_v perceive_v and_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o body_n of_o reserve_n come_v to_o attack_v they_o afresh_o they_o begin_v to_o give_v ground_n which_o the_o polish_v horse_n be_v sensible_a of_o they_o renew_v the_o charge_n with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o in_o less_o than_o a_o hour_n time_n they_o force_v the_o muscovian_a 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wonder_n if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a place_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o conqueror_n unto_o who_o they_o open_v their_o gate_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n unless_o it_o be_v moâ—â—â—sko_n and_o two_o or_o three_o more_o who_o have_v courage_n enough_o to_o make_v some_o show_n of_o resistance_n but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o victorious_a army_n surrender_v also_o at_o discretion_n have_v thus_o open_v his_o way_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o musco_n he_o direct_v his_o march_n thither_o not_o question_v but_o that_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o last_o victory_n will_v have_v so_o strong_a a_o influence_n over_o the_o dishearten_v citizen_n as_o to_o make_v they_o open_v their_o gate_n at_o his_o first_o arrival_n before_o the_o city_n it_o be_v nâ—_n difficult_a thing_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o army_n on_o which_o seem_v to_o depend_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n must_v needs_o put_v that_o city_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o conqueror_n into_o such_o a_o consternation_n as_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v express_v but_o beside_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n who_o in_o this_o extremity_n of_o his_o affair_n be_v not_o want_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o inspire_v courage_n into_o his_o deject_a subject_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o resolution_n ofâ—_n the_o citizen_n to_o adhere_v to_o zuski_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n the_o first_o be_v that_o demetrius_n in_o lieu_n of_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n trifle_v aâ—_n way_n his_o time_n in_o the_o more_o northern_a province_n where_o the_o pole_n ramble_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n be_v often_o intercept_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n have_v leisure_n give_v they_o to_o recover_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o first_o fright_v and_o to_o take_v such_o measure_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n the_o second_o be_v the_o perfidiousness_n of_o these_o five_o thousand_o muscovite_n who_o after_o their_o surrender_n at_o bolchow_n hadâ—_n take_v service_n under_o demetrius_n and_z now_o have_v watch_v their_o opportunity_n leave_v he_o again_o and_o go_v over_o to_o zuski_n unto_o who_o they_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o whole_a condition_n of_o the_o army_n assure_v he_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o near_o so_o formidable_a nor_o numerous_a as_o represent_v to_o they_o by_o fame_n and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n foâ—_n the_o city_n to_o defend_v itself_o against_o they_o till_o beâ—â—â—_n reinforce_v with_o fresh_a supply_n out_o of_o the_o more_o 〈◊〉_d mote_n province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o may_v meet_v with_o a_o more_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o wall_n this_o relation_n and_o the_o delay_n of_o demetrius_n have_v put_v new_a courage_n
interview_n it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o great_a duchess_n marina_n have_v be_v indispose_v for_o these_o ten_o day_n last_o pass_v ever_o since_o her_o arrival_n in_o the_o camp_n and_o that_o be_v now_o recover_v demetrius_n be_v go_v to_o conduct_v she_o to_o his_o tent._n the_o whole_a army_n therefore_o be_v draw_v out_o into_o the_o field_n demetrius_n marina_n receiuâ—d_v by_o demetrius_n with_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n in_o their_o respective_a station_n demetrius_n accompany_v by_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o both_o nation_n there_o present_a by_o all_o the_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o deputy_n or_o the_o revolt_a province_n go_v on_o horseback_n to_o meet_v she_o in_o the_o open_a field_n where_o be_v meet_v they_o both_o at_o some_o yard_n distance_n do_v alight_v he_o from_o his_o horse_n she_o out_o of_o her_o coach_n have_v receive_v one_o another_o with_o open_a arm_n they_o intermingle_v their_o kiss_n with_o tear_n and_o with_o expression_n so_o tender_a so_o passionate_a and_o so_o natural_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a even_o for_o the_o most_o quick-sighted_a so_o much_o as_o to_o suspect_v a_o interview_n so_o solemn_a and_o passionate_a to_o be_v artificial_a especial_o when_o they_o see_v the_o lady_n marina_n after_o the_o first_o caress_n be_v pass_v pay_v to_o demetrius_n the_o high_a reverence_n and_o mark_n of_o a_o most_o profound_a esteem_n as_o she_o have_v before_o give_v he_o the_o most_o passionate_a testimony_n of_o a_o unfeigned_a love_n and_o the_o most_o sincere_a affection_n whilst_o demetrius_n can_v do_v nothing_o else_o than_o repay_v these_o endearment_n with_o his_o repeat_v embrace_n after_o some_o time_n spend_v in_o those_o mutual_a caress_n demetrius_n make_v his_o particular_a application_n to_o the_o weywode_n of_o sendomiria_n the_o father_n of_o marina_n unto_o who_o he_o tell_v that_o next_o to_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o dear_a spouse_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o barbarous_a wretch_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o please_v to_o he_o at_o this_o time_n than_o to_o see_v himself_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v he_o in_o person_n the_o acknowledgement_n due_a to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o honour_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o his_o hand_n he_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o as_o he_o have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o have_v give_v real_a encouragement_n to_o his_o undertake_n by_o public_o espouse_v his_o interest_n in_o poland_n so_o he_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v the_o constant_a companion_n of_o all_o his_o labour_n and_o the_o various_a vicissitude_n of_o fortune_n till_o that_o unhappy_a separation_n on_o the_o sixteenth_o day_n of_o may_n occasion_v by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o their_o most_o barbarous_a enemy_n he_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o propitious_a fate_n which_o have_v so_o miraculous_o preserve_v he_o from_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n and_o now_o bid_v once_o more_o blessed_v he_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o those_o person_n he_o love_v and_o reverence_v most_o in_o the_o world_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o malicious_a endeavour_n of_o their_o implacable_a enemy_n seem_v already_o by_o its_o auspicious_a influence_n to_o have_v direct_v his_o path_n by_o which_o to_o re-ascend_a his_o throne_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o real_a acknowledgement_n to_o his_o friend_n and_o to_o put_v his_o enemy_n to_o shame_n and_o confusion_n the_o weywode_n after_o have_v return_v his_o most_o humble_a thanks_o to_o demetrius_n for_o put_v so_o high_a a_o value_n upon_o his_o service_n for_o which_o he_o own_a himself_n sufficient_o reward_v by_o have_v honour_v his_o family_n with_o his_o alliance_n in_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o the_o public_a acknowledgement_n give_v just_a now_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o so_o many_o great_a and_o brave_a man_n fail_v not_o to_o insert_v some_o remarkable_a passage_n common_a to_o they_o both_o since_o their_o first_o attempt_n of_o enter_v muscovy_n with_o a_o army_n and_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o same_o power_n which_o have_v be_v so_o instrumental_a in_o preserve_v they_o from_o so_o many_o danger_n and_o surmount_v all_o these_o difficulty_n will_v crown_v all_o their_o past_a labour_n in_o a_o little_a time_n with_o a_o happy_a end_n to_o be_v short_a the_o lady_n play_v so_o natural_o the_o innocent_a her_o father_n so_o ingenious_o the_o politician_n and_o demetrius_n himself_o personate_v so_o artificial_o the_o real_a grand_a duke_n that_o all_o three_o act_v their_o part_n to_o the_o life_n draw_v tear_n from_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o spectator_n the_o most_o subtle_a and_o quick-sighted_a be_v constrain_v even_o against_o their_o inclination_n to_o rest_v satisfy_v in_o such_o apparent_a testimony_n of_o a_o well-grounded_n love_n and_o friendship_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n however_o waver_v before_o be_v now_o confirm_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o demetrius_n to_o be_v past_o all_o dispute_n the_o whole_a ceremony_n be_v end_v in_o the_o field_n with_o all_o the_o dexterity_n imaginable_a they_o march_v in_o great_a pomp_n under_o the_o acclamation_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o demetrius_n his_o tent._n the_o rumour_n of_o this_o extraordinary_a interview_n have_v be_v soon_o spread_v all_o over_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o from_o thence_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o muscovite_n caâ—â—e_v flock_v to_o the_o camp_n from_o all_o part_n and_o the_o most_o remote_a province_n send_v their_o deputy_n to_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o demetrius_n scarce_o any_o stand_n out_o except_o smolensko_n with_o its_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o a_o few_o other_o so_o that_o the_o camp_n be_v abundant_o supply_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n out_o of_o the_o circumjacent_a part_n thing_n be_v in_o this_o posture_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o render_v the_o whole_a camp_n more_o convenient_a and_o accommodate_v it_o against_o the_o approach_a winter_n for_o which_o purpose_n there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o very_a magnificent_a structure_n after_o the_o muscovite_n fashion_v erect_v for_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o greaâ—_n duchess_n but_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o person_n of_o qualty_n or_o officer_n of_o note_n who_o have_v not_o a_o house_n prepare_v for_o his_o dwelling-place_n with_o all_o the_o conveniency_n that_o can_v be_v have_v in_o a_o well_o regulate_v city_n the_o whole_a camp_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a goodly_a street_n with_o a_o market_n and_o other_o public_a place_n the_o common_a soldier_n be_v lodge_v in_o hut_n well_o provide_v against_o the_o approach_a winter-season_n the_o whole_a be_v encompass_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a line_n fortify_v at_o certain_a distance_n with_o redoubt_n and_o good_a store_n of_o cannon_n so_o that_o it_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o very_a large_a and_o strong_o fortify_v city_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o musco_n though_o not_o a_o little_a dishearten_v by_o the_o general_a defection_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o their_o camp_n seem_v to_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o quit_v the_o enterprise_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n yet_o do_v not_o lose_v courage_n and_o find_v themselves_o deprive_v of_o all_o mean_n to_o draw_v supply_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o same_o policy_n which_o boris_n goudenou_n intend_v to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o pole_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v prevent_v by_o his_o sudden_a death_n they_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o charles_n than_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o have_v find_v mean_n to_o exclude_v his_o nephew_n sigismond_n than_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n from_o that_o crown_n will_v be_v glad_a of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o stop_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o pole_n to_o prevent_v their_o become_a master_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o muscovy_n which_o will_v infallible_o open_v they_o the_o way_n into_o the_o swedish_n territory_n they_o apply_v themselves_o therefore_o to_o the_o beforementioned_a king_n charles_n who_o upon_o their_o request_n send_v they_o considerable_a supply_n and_o first_o check_v the_o course_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o the_o pole_n which_o give_v such_o encouragement_n to_o many_o other_o province_n of_o muscovy_n that_o be_v tire_v with_o the_o insolence_n and_o exaction_n of_o the_o demetrian_o they_o shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o these_o be_v thus_o entangle_v in_o new_a difficulty_n when_o they_o think_v themselves_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o accomplish_v their_o design_n fall_v into_o dissension_n by_o the_o mismanagement_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n which_o at_o last_o prove_v fatal_a both_o to_o demetrius_n and_o the_o polish_v affair_n in_o muscovy_n which_o be_v thus_o unexpected_o deliver_v from_o its_o enemy_n when_o in_o all_o humane_a appearance_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o triumph_v over_o they_o
as_o it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n for_o when_o the_o pole_n see_v the_o muscovite_n reduce_v to_o the_o great_a strait_n that_o can_v be_v by_o these_o intestine_a dissension_n raise_v and_o foment_v by_o their_o contrivance_n they_o judge_v now_o to_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n represent_v to_o their_o king_n sigismond_n how_o easy_a it_o will_v be_v for_o he_o at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n to_o give_v law_n to_o both_o party_n in_o that_o divide_a empire_n if_o he_o will_v show_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a army_n which_o be_v ready_a at_o hand_n in_o poland_n to_o march_v upon_o his_o first_o order_n into_o russia_n where_o they_o may_v live_v upon_o the_o country_n whereas_o they_o must_v now_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n beside_o the_o benefit_n he_o will_v reap_v from_o this_o expedition_n in_o give_v law_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o purge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vagabond_n and_o idle_a person_n the_o remnant_n of_o their_o late_a civil_a dissension_n it_o will_v be_v a_o glorious_a work_n to_o revenge_v the_o barbarous_a murder_n of_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o detain_v of_o his_o ambassador_n the_o chief_a thing_n object_v be_v that_o the_o truce_n make_v some_o year_n ago_o betwixt_o both_o nation_n be_v not_o expire_v but_o this_o objection_n be_v soon_o answer_v consider_v that_o the_o muscovite_n have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o violate_v it_o in_o massacre_a the_o pole_n against_o all_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o detain_v their_o ambassador_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v insufficient_a the_o specious_a pretence_n sigismond_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o appear_v for_o demetrius_n their_o lawful_a great_a duke_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o the_o usurper_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o right_o will_v take_v off_o the_o blame_v of_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o truce_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n king_n sigismond_n be_v sway_v by_o these_o important_a consideration_n allege_v by_o his_o council_n at_o last_o determine_v to_o invade_v muscovy_n with_o a_o army_n to_o be_v command_v by_o himself_o in_o order_n to_o this_o design_n every_o thing_n be_v get_v ready_a with_o all_o possible_a speed_n he_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o aâ—my_n consist_v of_o thirty-thousand_a man_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1609_o muscovy_n king_n sigismond_n 〈◊〉_d muscovy_n in_o august_n pass_v the_o river_n borysthenes_n enter_v the_o territory_n of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v without_o all_o dispute_n that_o if_o pursuant_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o his_o council_n he_o have_v march_v direct_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o demetrian_a army_n attack_v that_o city_n or_o at_o least_o block_v it_o up_o more_o close_o than_o before_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v already_o reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v force_v to_o abandon_v zuski_n and_o to_o embrace_v his_o party_n which_o do_v it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o suppress_v demetrius_n by_o draw_v from_o his_o side_n the_o cosack_n and_o pole_n the_o main_a if_o not_o the_o only_a strength_n of_o his_o army_n by_o great_a reward_n and_o thus_o either_o to_o render_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o at_o least_o by_o come_v to_o a_o composition_n with_o demetrius_n to_o unite_v all_o the_o muscovian_a province_n border_v on_o lithuania_n and_o poland_n with_o his_o crown_n but_o instead_o of_o follow_v these_o wholesome_a counsel_n he_o take_v quite_o contrary_a measure_n which_o 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not_o advisable_v to_o be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n he_o dissemble_v his_o notice_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o fortify_v the_o two_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n call_v catangorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n and_o czargorod_n or_o the_o city-royal_a which_o be_v surround_v with_o good_a stonewall_n and_o contain_v the_o castle_n with_o the_o royal_a palace_n all_o the_o magazine_n and_o great_a house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o merchant_n he_o propose_v to_o himself_o as_o a_o safe_a retreat_n upon_o all_o occasion_n the_o polish_v general_n gaziouski_n have_v scarce_o finish_v his_o work_n before_o the_o russian_n find_v by_o the_o precaution_n use_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o their_o design_n have_v take_v vent_n resolve_v to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n trust_v more_o in_o their_o number_n than_o their_o conduct_n and_o have_v on_o the_o three_o day_n after_o palm-sunday_n draw_v together_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o people_n by_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o bell_n they_o 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that_o be_v surround_v on_o all_o side_n they_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o fight_v their_o way_n through_o into_o the_o castle_n without_o be_v able_a to_o execute_v their_o design_n and_o be_v soon_o after_o follow_v by_o the_o foot_n who_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v all_o the_o provision_n intend_v for_o their_o relief_n to_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o enemy_n thus_o the_o hope_n which_o king_n sigismond_n have_v conceive_v of_o the_o conquer_a of_o the_o russian_a empire_n vanish_v with_o his_o overthrow_n which_o at_o once_o lose_v he_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o former_a victory_n acquire_v with_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o vast_a treasure_n for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o king_n sigismond_n be_v prepare_v to_o advance_v to_o their_o rescue_n double_v their_o guard_n in_o all_o their_o avenue_n lead_v to_o the_o castle_n and_o so_o straight_o enclose_v the_o garrison_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o wall_n that_o they_o take_v from_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o receive_v any_o further_a supply_n of_o provision_n the_o pole_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o custody_n from_o whence_o depend_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o fate_n of_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n and_o live_v in_o daily_a expectation_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o their_o king_n endure_v all_o the_o extremity_n of_o famine_n with_o a_o unparalleled_a resolution_n for_o after_o have_v consume_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v eatable_a not_o only_o horse_n cat_n dog_n rat_n mouse_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n but_o also_o the_o leather_n and_o covert_n of_o their_o trunk_n and_o saddle_n they_o proceed_v to_o human_a flesh_n feed_v upon_o the_o carcase_n of_o their_o comrade_n but_o this_o have_v in_o a_o little_a time_n cause_v a_o most_o violent_a contagion_n among_o they_o and_o receive_v no_o certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o further_a approach_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n mâ—sco_n the_o pole_n surrender_v he_o castle_n of_o mâ—sco_n their_o obstinacy_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o extremity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o watchfulness_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o slow_a advances_n of_o their_o countryman_n so_o that_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o at_o discretion_n after_o have_v give_v a_o thousand_o evident_a proof_n of_o their_o courage_n and_o loyalty_n during_o this_o long_a and_o remarkable_a siege_n king_n sigismond_n have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n trifle_v away_o his_o time_n at_o viasna_n where_o have_v receive_v this_o fatal_a news_n of_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n he_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o consternation_n as_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v express_v be_v at_o the_o great_a incertitude_n that_o possible_o can_v be_v what_o to_o resolve_v upon_o at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n he_o call_v together_o all_o his_o able_a counselor_n and_o most_o experience_a officer_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o advise_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o all_o further_a thought_n of_o the_o muscovian_a crown_n and_o in_o a_o far_o advance_v season_n not_o to_o expose_v his_o person_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o eminent_a danger_n among_o a_o treacherous_a people_n but_o the_o major_a part_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o pretence_n to_o the_o russian_a empire_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v quite_v at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n that_o if_o he_o without_o any_o further_a delay_n advance_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o the_o muscovite_n overawe_v by_o his_o presence_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o good_a army_n whilst_o their_o affair_n be_v yet_o in_o a_o unsettled_a condition_n may_v be_v induce_v rather_o to_o adhere_v to_o their_o former_a election_n of_o prince_n vladislaus_n than_o to_o expose_v themselves_o afresh_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o ruinous_a war._n and_o that_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v disappoint_v in_o their_o expectation_n it_o will_v be_v more_o glorious_a for_o they_o to_o procure_v a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o their_o sword_n in_o hand_n than_o shameful_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n to_o their_o enemy_n whereby_o they_o will_v be_v encourage_v to_o carry_v the_o war_n into_o the_o polish_v territory_n the_o king_n have_v give_v his_o approbation_n to_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v resolve_v to_o march_v immediate_o towards_o federoviscum_n where_o have_v set_v up_o their_o head_n quarter_n the_o king_n detach_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o that_o city_n but_o they_o be_v receive_v with_o good_a store_n of_o shot_n from_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v second_v by_o a_o furious_a sally_n the_o polish_v horse_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o their_o companion_n the_o king_n judge_v by_o the_o entertainment_n give_v to_o his_o troop_n before_o the_o imperial_a city_n that_o the_o muscovite_n have_v lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o receive_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n for_o their_o great_a duke_n and_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n at_o present_a to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o compliance_n be_v uncertain_a what_o measure_v to_o take_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n upon_o the_o first_o news_n of_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n and_o the_o approach_v of_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v carry_v all_o their_o provision_n into_o their_o strong_a hold_n so_o that_o king_n sigismund_n army_n which_o consist_v most_o of_o cavalry_n be_v in_o great_a distress_n for_o want_n of_o forage_n in_o a_o country_n where_o the_o winter-season_n afford_v nothing_o in_o the_o field_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o horse_n and_o make_v encamp_v almost_o intolerable_a to_o the_o soldier_n the_o evil_a posture_n of_o their_o affair_n give_v occasion_n to_o frequent_a consultation_n in_o the_o polish_v camp_n where_o it_o be_v at_o last_o resolve_v to_o attempt_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o place_n of_o strength_n whereby_o they_o may_v at_o once_o supply_v theiâ—_n present_a necessity_n and_o secure_v themselves_o a_o secure_a retreat_n in_o the_o â—earâ—_n of_o the_o country_n till_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v new_a measure_n against_o next_o spring_n volock_o be_v the_o place_n pitch_v upon_o as_o the_o fit_a for_o their_o present_a purpose_n which_o the_o pole_n enrage_v at_o their_o ill_a success_n attack_v with_o incredible_a fury_n but_o their_o ill_a fortune_n seem_v to_o follow_v they_o wherever_o they_o come_v for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v in_o fresh_a remembrance_n the_o ravages_n commit_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o especial_o the_o burn_v of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n look_v upon_o they_o not_o otherwise_o than_o the_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o therefore_o defend_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o resolution_n as_o sufficient_o show_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o bury_v themselves_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o place_n than_o suffer_v they_o again_o to_o get_v foot_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o after_o have_v be_v repulse_v several_a time_n with_o considerable_a loss_n muscovy_n the_o pole_n retire_v out_o of_o muscovy_n they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v they_o for_o their_o safety_n than_o to_o hasten_v their_o march_n towards_o smolensko_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o poland_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o their_o soldier_n and_o most_o of_o their_o horse_n and_o thus_o after_o so_o much_o bloodshed_n so_o many_o sieges_n and_o battles_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a treasure_n end_v the_o expedition_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o by_o his_o ill_a conduct_n lose_v the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n design_v for_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n render_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o two_o unfortunate_a demetrius_n unsuccessful_a and_o involve_v the_o russian_a empire_n in_o unspeakable_a misery_n which_o now_o by_o his_o retreat_n begin_v to_o conceive_v new_a hope_n of_o its_o future_a establishment_n for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o rid_v their_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o they_o apply_v all_o their_o care_n towards_o the_o root_n out_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o imposture_n of_o the_o demetrius_n for_n which_o purpose_n they_o send_v a_o considerable_a body_n towards_o caluga_n to_o attack_v those_o force_n that_o stand_v still_o out_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o marina_n and_o the_o young_a demetrius_n her_o pretend_a son_n under_o the_o command_n of_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n but_o these_o defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o the_o muscovite_n find_v they_o so_o resolute_a in_o their_o
shall_v be_v less_o dilatory_a and_o criminal_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o judge_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n with_o their_o assistant_n whereas_o most_o of_o the_o criminal_n be_v before_o that_o time_n bring_v to_o musco_n with_o no_o less_o trouble_n to_o the_o prisoner_n than_o charge_v to_o the_o czar_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o monarchy_n and_o a_o patron_n of_o the_o english_a as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n bogdan_n matfeilt_n always_o be_v a_o secret_a enemy_n both_o to_o nashockin_n and_o the_o english_a but_o a_o great_a friend_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o use_v to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n by_o great_a present_n this_o bogdan_n be_v breed_v up_o with_o the_o czar_n from_o a_o child_n and_o be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o age._n he_o be_v lord_n high_a sreward_n of_o the_o household_n have_v in_o his_o disposal_n all_o domestic_a affair_n he_o use_v to_o be_v call_v the_o whisper_a favourite_n because_o the_o czar_n ask_v his_o advice_n often_o in_o his_o closet_n than_o at_o the_o councel-board_n it_o be_v by_o his_o connivance_n that_o the_o jew_n get_v secret_o foot_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n whereas_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v abominable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o supply_v he_o with_o handsome_a young_a slave_n out_o of_o poland_n which_o he_o entertaineâ—_n for_o his_o pleasure_n some_o in_o the_o country_n and_o some_o in_o his_o palace_n in_o musco_n his_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o these_o slave_n show_v her_o reâ—entment_n at_o several_a time_n in_o so_o outrageous_a a_o manner_n that_o her_o death_n be_v resolve_v on_o she_o be_v one_o night_n poison_v in_o a_o plate_n of_o sweetmeat_n or_o as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n himself_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o majestic_a deportment_n michaelovit_n the_o character_n of_o alexis_n michaelovit_n tall_a inkling_n to_o fat_a of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n and_o light_a brown_a hair_n beautiful_a and_o charitable_a but_o severe_a in_o his_o anger_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a memory_n strict_a in_o his_o devotion_n and_o a_o great_a favourer_n of_o his_o religion_n in_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o strict_a man_n in_o the_o world_n for_o he_o never_o miss_v divinâ—_n service_n and_o if_o indispose_a use_v to_o have_v it_o perform_v in_o his_o bedchamber_n on_o fast-day_n he_o will_v frequent_v midnight_n prayer_n stand_v four_o or_o five_o hour_n together_o prostrate_v himself_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o the_o great_a fast_n he_o will_v eat_v but_o three_o meal_n a_o week_n be_v content_v for_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o brown_a bread_n and_o salt_n a_o pickle_a mushroon_n or_o cucumber_n and_o a_o cup_n of_o quas_fw-la or_o small_a mead._n in_o short_a it_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o he_o that_o no_o monk_n be_v ever_o more_o observant_a of_o the_o canonical_a hour_n than_o he_o of_o fast_n it_o have_v be_v compute_v that_o he_o fast_v above_o eight_o month_n in_o the_o year_n he_o will_v also_o frequent_o appear_v at_o the_o procession_n bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n and_o be_v always_o a_o declare_a patron_n of_o the_o muscovite_n church_n notwithstanding_o which_o he_o will_v sometime_o make_v bold_a with_o the_o church_n revenue_n upon_o loan_n in_o time_n of_o war_n which_o he_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a to_o repay_v know_v that_o the_o church_n treasury_n which_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v now_o and_o then_o dispense_v with_o a_o loss_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o public_a he_o also_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o restrain_v the_o profuse_a bounty_n of_o die_a man_n to_o the_o clergy_n neither_o will_v he_o ever_o suffer_v a_o monastery_n to_o be_v found_v without_o his_o licence_n every_o good-friday_n he_o use_v to_o visit_v in_o the_o night_n all_o the_o prison_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o take_v personal_a cognisance_n of_o all_o the_o prisoner_n among_o who_o he_o will_v buy_v out_o some_o that_o be_v in_o debt_n and_o release_v other_o that_o be_v criminal_n and_o bestow_v sometime_o great_a sum_n for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o as_o he_o know_v to_o be_v real_o necessitate_v he_o will_v cause_v the_o empress_n to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o to_o redeem_v yearly_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o woman_n out_o of_o prison_n he_o order_v also_o at_o about_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n work-house_n to_o be_v build_v for_o hemp_n and_o flax_n in_o that_o good_a order_n beauty_n and_o capacity_n that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o employ_v all_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o kingdom_n with_o work_n have_v settle_v for_o that_o use_n a_o good_a many_o mile_n of_o waste_a land_n by_o which_o he_o improve_v the_o manufacture_n of_o the_o country_n and_o feed_v his_o labourer_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n he_o assign_v that_o part_n of_o the_o building_n where_o the_o woman_n be_v employ_v for_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o empress_n he_o be_v of_o so_o mild_a a_o temper_n that_o he_o seldom_o condemn_v any_o to_o death_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o strappado_n and_o banishment_n into_o siberia_n be_v one_o time_n urge_v by_o some_o of_o his_o foreign_a officer_n to_o make_v it_o death_n for_o any_o man_n to_o desert_n his_o colour_n he_o answer_v they_o that_o he_o think_v that_o will_v be_v too_o hard_a upon_o the_o poor_a soldier_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v every_o man_n a_o equal_a share_n of_o courage_n notwithstanding_o these_o his_o mild_a and_o charitable_a inclination_n he_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a spirit_n have_v be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o pole_n swede_n crim-tartar_n and_o turk_n for_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o the_o advantage_n the_o pole_n have_v get_v during_o the_o late_a intestine_a commotion_n in_o muscovy_n by_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n and_o sâ—olâ—â—sko_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o which_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v by_o his_o father_n mâ—chael_n federoviâ—s_v after_o his_o disgrace_n receive_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o say_a truce_n be_v now_o expire_v when_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o mortal_a quarrel_n with_o the_o cosack_n he_o look_v upon_o this_o juncture_n as_o the_o most_o fabourable_a that_o can_v be_v by_o the_o recovery_n of_o these_o province_n to_o secure_v his_o frontier_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o neighbour_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v settle_v a_o correspondence_n with_o chmielniski_n the_o then_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o offer_v they_o his_o protection_n these_o be_v aâ—_n first_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o pole_n of_o who_o they_o kill_v ten_o thousand_o upon_o the_o spot_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v draw_v out_o a_o second_o time_n their_o whole_a force_n against_o they_o be_v again_o miserable_o beat_v by_o the_o cosack_n till_o at_o last_o have_v commit_v great_a depredation_n in_o poland_n king_n john_n casimir_n be_v oblige_v to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o who_o have_v total_o rout_v they_o they_o embrace_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n pole_n hâ—s_n wâ—r_n with_o the_o pole_n he_o find_v himself_o thus_o strengthen_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n do_v apply_v all_o his_o care_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o smolensko_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v bring_v together_o a_o great_a army_n smolensko_n the_o take_v of_o smolensko_n and_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o artislery_n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n in_o the_o year_n 1653._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o resolute_a defence_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o take_n of_o which_o place_n be_v chief_o attribute_v to_o the_o cosack_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n give_v the_o utmost_a proof_n of_o their_o bravery_n and_o hatred_n against_o the_o pole_n during_o this_o memorable_a siege_n have_v thus_o open_v his_o way_n into_o poland_n he_o carry_v the_o terror_n of_o his_o victorious_a arm_n into_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n he_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v many_o city_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o also_o the_o capital_a city_n vilna_n take_v vilna_n call_v vilna_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o place_n the_o muscovite_n commit_v most_o horrid_a barbarity_n in_o retaliation_n as_o they_o say_v of_o those_o calamity_n they_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o polish_v invasion_n during_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n in_o the_o same_o year_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n and_o