easilye decrée Dolabella to bée a rebell When the messengers were come to Antony they were ashamed of their strange commission and sayd nothing but deliuered the decrée vnto him â–ª He with great anger did â—â—ueigh against the Senate Cicero maruelling that they would thinke Caesar a Tyranne or a king that had so muche augmented the state of Rome and not accompte Cicero so whome Caesar toke in warre and yet did not kill whereas Cicero doeth preferre hys killers before his friendes and hated Decimus when he was trusty to Caesar and loued him euer since he was a killer of him would ayde him that only by Caesar kept Celtica iudge hym a rebell that had it by the people To the legions that were assigned by decrée and reuolted the Senate giueth rewarde but none to them that remayne in their duety and so corrupt quoth he the discipline of war not belonging to me but to the Citie To the quellers he could graunt obliuion of the facte to whiche I consente for two noble mennes sake but Antonye and Dolobella hee iudgeth enimyes bycause wee kéepe that was giuen vs for that is the verye cause But if I leaue Celtica I am neither enimy nor tyranne I protest I will dissolue that forgetfulnesse that shall not be verye acceptable to hym Many things after this sorte spake Antony and wrote thys aunswere to the decrée that to the Senate he woulde obey as to hys Countrey but to Cicero that wrote the commaundement thus he spake The people haue giuen me Celtica by lawe Decimus that wil not obey I will remoue and reuenge the matter of murther in hym for all that the Senate may be purged of the â—aulte they be in whereof they be ful for Ciceroes sake to helpe Decimus When Antony had thus saide he wrote it by and by Wherefore the Senate iudged hym an enimy and the armye with him vnlesse they wente from hym Macedonia and Illiria with the armies of both they appointed to Marcus Brutus till the common wealth were brought to better state He had an armye of hys owne and had receyued one of Appuleius He had shippes bothe gallies and hulkes and sixtéen thousand talents of money and greate plenty of armour which he founde in the Citie of Demeatride layde vp there by Caesar all the whiche the Senate confirmed by the decrée that hée mighte vse to the benefit of hys country Syria was by the Senate appoynted to Cassius and commaunded to make warre vppon Dolobella and all that had prouinces or armies of the Romaines from the Ionian Sea to the Easte were charged to obey Brutus and Cassius Wherefore Cassius and Brutus estate was sodainely in great fame When Octauius Caesar vnderstoode these thynges hée was in doubt for where he thought the lawe of Obliuion to procéede of a conuenieÌ„cie of humanitie and a respect of pitie of their kinsfolke that were men in like aucthoritie and therfore had appointed them to prouinces for a shorte tyme for their securitie as Celtica to Decimus to note Antony of Tyranny and by that deuice to induce hym againste Antony Nowe that Dolobella was condemned as a rebell for killing one of the quellers and that mightye nations were giuen in prouince to Erutus and Cassius and manye armies wyth greate speedinâ—â—ie appointed to them with abundaunce of money and that they were made Generalles of all the people from Ionia to India He perceâ—ued that all this tended to the aduauncement of Pompeys parte and to the vtter destruction of Caesars And that the Senate wente aboute to deceyue hym as a youngman the plotte wherof he conceiued in his mynd and that when he was made a Capitaine against Antony it was meant to take his armye from him and that the Consulls being in the fielde there was no néede of any other Capitayne and that onely honours were gyuen to the Souldiours that reuolted from Antony and hys vnhonoured and that this warre would worke his infamy beâ—ng vsed to none other intent of the Senate but to the destruction of Antony He kept the considerations secrete to hymselfe and makâ—ng sacrifice for the charge gyuen hym he thus sayd to hys armye This honour O fellow Souldiours I may thanke you for not onelye nowe but from the tyme you gaue mée power For your sakes the Senate haue gyuen iâ— me and therfore for this also you know I am youre debtor of thankes whiche if the Gods shall gyue vs god lucke I will requite abundantly Thus did he speake to winâ—e hys armye and marched foorth Pansa one of the Consuls lead his army ouer Italy Hirtius the other Consull diuided with Caesar and as he was secretely instructed of the Senate he required in the diâ—ision the two legions that went from Antony bycause they were counted the best Souldiors Caesar did grant euery thing and when they had diuided they encamped togither that wynter At the ende of winter Decimus beganne to lacke victual wherefore Hirtius and Caesar wente to Mutina that Antony shoulde not get from them Decimus armye opprest with famine Antony holding Mutina straighte they with all their forces woulde not fight with hym but tarried for Pansa Diuers skirmishes were made in the whyche thoughe Antony hadde the greater number of horse yet the narrownesse of the fielde and the ditches about the riuers did kéepe backe the multitude of horsemen And thus went the matter at Mutina In Rome in the absence of the Consuls Cicero dydde al as the peoples ruler He assembled the Senate euerye daye hée made prouision of armour compelling workemen without payment He gathered money and putte great impositions vppon Antonies friendes They suffered it patiently to auoide displeasure til Publius Ventidius that had serued vnder Caesar and was friende to Antony could not abide the sharpenesse of Cicero but wente to Caesars habitations where he was well knowne and gotte twoo legions whyche he ledde to Antonie by Rome to take Cicero Great trouble grew of this insomuche as manye wente awaye wyth their wiues and children for feare and Cicero fledde oute of the Cittie whyche when Ventidius knewe hée tourned straighte to Antony and being stepte by Caesar and Hirtius hée wente to Picene where he gathered another legion and stayed to sée what would come The Consull and Caesar séeing that Pansa drew nighe with hys hoste sente Carsâ—leius the leader of Caesars chiefe bande and the Martiall legion to helpe him to passe the straights Antonie dydde not muche care for the passage so he mighte otherwise hinder them and being desirous of the â—ight could not vse his horsemen in the playne bycause of the Fenny place full of ditches He hidde twoo of hys beste legions in the Fenne the waye béeing made by hande and straighte and on both sides couered with réedes Carsuleius all the nighte passing â—hys place by the breake of day was come to the way made with hand With the
the Tribute Thus Tharsus and Laodicea were punished Cassius and Brutus consultyng togither it séemed best to Brutus to remoue the armie from thence into Macedonia for greater consideration Bycause it was sayde theyr enimies had fourty legions and that eyght of them were past the Ionian sea Cassius thought the multitude of the enimie not to be passed of bycause in tyme their number shoulde be their destruction for wante and therefore that they shoulde sette vpon the Rodians and Licians friends to their enimies and hauing nauies least they should come vpon their backes when they had agreed they deuided their armies Brutus went against the Licians Cassius agaynst the Rodians for hée was brought vp there learned the Gréeke tongue And bicause they were very strong vpon the Sea he prepared exercised hys owne ships at Guido The wise men of the Rodes were afrayd to come to fight with the Romanes but the people was lusty recounting their former feats against other maner of men than these Their shippes also they gathered of the beste of the whiche were .xxxiij. when they had done so they sente some to Mindo to Cassius requesting him he woulde not reiect the Rhodes a Citie that euer did reuenge such as contemned them nor the coÌ„uentions betwene the Rhodians and the Romanes that one shoulde not beare armes against the other and if he did alleage any thyng for societie of warre that they woulde vnderstande of the Senate of Rome and they commaunding it they sayde they would do it Thus much they sayde He answeared that for the rest warre must iudge in stéede of wordes where the league coÌ„maunded they should not leauie armes one against another the Rhodians did conspire with Dolobella and ayded him against Cassius But where it coÌ„maundeth that one should help another and now that Cassius requireth it they vse a shifte by the Romane Senate which is scatered and at this present destroyed by the Tyrannes that be in the Citie which should be punished and so should the Rhodians taking their partes onlesse they did as he commaunded them Thus sayde Cassius WheÌ„ this was knowne at Rhodes the auncient men were the more afrayd The people were persuaded by one AlexaÌ„der Manasses remeÌ„bring vnto them that Mithridates came against theÌ„ with many moe ships before him Demetrius Therfore they made Alexander their chief officer called Prytanâ—o Manasses their Admiral Neuerthelesse they sent Archelaus embassadour to Cassius who was his schoolemaster in the Gréeke to intreate him familiarly and when he had taken him by the hande he spake to him as to hys acquayntance Thou that art a louer of the Gréeke language do not disturbe a Gréeke citie nor the Rhodes being a louer of libertie nor deface the Dorian dignitie neuer yet blemished since it firste began nor forget y goodly historie which thou diddest learne at Rhodes and Rome At Rhodes howe muche the Citizens of the same haue euer stoode to their defence against nations kings and such as were thought inuincible as Demetrius Mithridates for their libertie for y whiche thou sayst thou trauaylest In Rome what we haue done for you as wel against other as Antiochus the great there be pillers set vp of you as monumeÌ„ts of vs And thus much may he sayd to you O Romanes of our natioÌ„ of our worthinesse of our state neuer yet in seruitude of our societie choyse of you But in thée now Cassius a certaine great reuereÌ„ce I say remayneth toward this citie thy nurse thy scole thy Phisitian house wher thou didst dwell to my scole my self to other things wherein I toke paynes Now you well requite al this vpoÌ„ my countrie y it be not forced to make warre with thée that was nourished brought vp in it nor put vs to y necessitie of one of two things either that y Rhodians shal all be destroyed or Cassius ouercome I aduise thée further beside y I haue prayed thée that hast takâ— in hand this feate for the coÌ„mon welth of Rome y thou always make the Gods the guydes in so great a cause You Romanes did call the Gods to witnesse when by Caius Caesar ye made soleÌ„ne league with vs and by othe coÌ„firmed the same gaue vs your right hands which enimies performe shal not frieÌ„ds and felowes dâ— it Refraine now for Gods cause for the glory among men seing nothing is more barbarous than breach of league which make the offendours to séeme vnfaithfull both to friend foe WheÌ„ the old man had thus sayd he did not let Cassius hand go but he wept wiped his eyes with it that with that manner he might moue Cassius who for reuereÌ„ce was abashed with some passioÌ„ sayd thus If thou diddest not persuade the Rodians to doe me any iniurie then thy selfe hast done it but if thou diddest exhort and aduise them couldest not persuade them then I do reuenge thée I haue bene iniured euidently firste bycause I asking helpe of them that nourished and taught me am contemned and despised then bycause they preferred Dolobella whome they neyther taught nor brought vp before me and that that is the more haynous not onely before me but Brutus and other noble men whome you knowe well to be fledde from Tirannie and to be ready to fight for libertie of our countrie You the Rodianes louers of libertie preferred Dolobella before vs he séekyng to take the same from other and vs whome now you ought to fauour you pretend you will not deale with ciuill warre It were ciuill if we did couet vnlawfull power but now opeÌ„ warre is made of peoples rule against Tirannes state and you that haue popular gouernment do forsake the same and of them that do labour for their lawes and beare good will to the Romanes and be condemned to death without iudgement that be prescribed confiscate you haue no pitie at all But you answeare you will vnderstand the Senates minde which is now destroyed and can not helpe it self For ye knew the Senate had decréed to Brutus and me that al the inhabitants betwéene Ionia and the East should obey our coÌ„maundements Thou makest a rehearsal what you haue done for vs at our waÌ„ts for with good will you haue receyued reward againe But you forget that you denie help to vs that suffer iniurie for the sauing of our liberty whom you ought if there had bene no friendship betwirt vs but would now haue begon it to haue ayded the coÌ„mon cause of Rome few beyng of the Dorean libertie You bring foorth also leagues lacking other matter that Caius Casar the first author of Tirannie did make with you and say that the Romanes and Rodians should help one an other in their necessities Helpe you then nowe the Romanes that in greatest cause be in moste perill Cassius a Romane borne and a president of the Romanes dothe chalenge that league accordyng to the
to send him letters of safecoÌ„duâ—t to come to treat of peace which he did although against his wil. The people also coÌ„pelled Mutia mother to Pompey to go vnto him threatning els to burne hir help to make peace When Libo perceyued how the enimies were inclined he desired to speake with the Captaines that they might togither agrée in the couenants the which the people coÌ„pelled theÌ„ with much a do so Antonie Caesar went to Baia. All other persuaded Pompey earnestly to peace only Menodorus wrote froÌ„ Sardinia that he should make open warre or dryue off whyles the dearth continued that hée might make peace with the better coÌ„ditions had him take héede of Murcus who was a mouer for peace as one that sought to be in his authoritie Wherefore Pompey put away Murcus and vsed his counsell no more whome before hée honoured for his worthinesse and wisedome whereat Murcus tooke displeasure and wente to Siracuse and to suche as were sent after him to kéepe him spake openly agaynst Pompey wherewith he beyng angrie killed diuerse of the beste aboute Murcús and sent to kill him and to say that his slaues had done it whiche beyng done he hanged certayne of Murcus slaues as though they had done it The whiche craft was not hid nor the wickednesse that he did against Bythinius a noble man and a valiant warriour and constant to him from the beginnyng his friende in Spaine from whence he came willingly to serue him in Sicelie When he was dead other men tooke in hand to persuade him to peace accused Menodorus as desicous of his office by sea not so much caring for his master as for his owne power PoÌ„pey folowyng their couÌ„sell sayled to Aenaria with many chosen ships himself being in a gorgious galley with sixe ores on a seaâ—e so did passe Dicearchia proudly towarde the euening the enimies loking vpon him The next morning stakes were set in the sea bridges made into one of y which ioyning to the laÌ„d Caesar came with Antonie â–ª Pompey and Libo entred the other bridge in such distance y one could not heare an other vnlesse they spake alowd Pompey required societie of rule in place of Lepidus They onely grauÌ„ted his return to his countrie then al was dashed Till ofteÌ„ messages wer seÌ„t betwéen offring diuerse coÌ„ditioÌ„s on both sides Pompey required that such condemned men as were with him for Caesars death might be safe in exile that the other men of honour proscribed might be restored to their countrey and goodes The dearth continuing the people vrgyng peace it was graunted that they should recouer the fourth part of their goodes as redéeming it of the new possessioners and wrote of it to the coÌ„demned men thinkyng they would accept it which tooke the offer beyng now afrayde of Pompey for his wickednesse committed agaynst Murcus to whom they went moued him to agrée He tore his cloke as betrayed of them whom he had defended and oft called for Menodorus as one expert in matters of slate and onely constant in faith At length by the exhortatioÌ„ of Murcia his mother Iulia his wife they thrée met agayne vpon an old péere of the sea beyng wel garded where they coÌ„cluded with these coÌ„ditions That peace shoulde be bothe by sea and lande and the Merchantes haue frée course That Pompey should take his garrisons out of Italie receiue no more fugitiues nor kéepe no nauies in Italie That he should rule in Cicelie Cersica and Sardinia and those other I landes that now he had so long as the rule should be continued to Antonie and Caesar That he should send to the people of Rome the corne that now was due That he should also rule Pelopenesus besides the former Iles. That he should exercise the office of Consul in his absence by his fréende and be admitted to the colledge of the Bishops That the noble meÌ„ that were banished might returne home except them that were condemned by publique iudgement of Caesars death That they that were fled for feare should be restored to their goodes And they that were coÌ„demned only to the fourth parte That the slaues that had serued vnder Pompey shoulde be frée That the frée men shoulde haue the same stipendes that the old Soldiours of Antonie and Caesar had These were the conditions of peace whiche beyng written were sent to Rome to be kept of the holy Virgins Then they desired the one to banquet the other and the lotte fell first to Pompey who receiued them in his greate gally ioyned to the péere The next day Caesar and Antony feasted hym in their Tentes pitched on that péere that euery man might eate on the shore but peraduenture for their more safetie for the Shippes were at hand the gard in order and the guestes with their weapons vnder their clokes It is sayd that Menodorus when they banqueted in Pompeys Shippe sente one to Pompey to put him in remembrance that nowe was the time to reuenge his father and brothers death for he would sée that none should scape the Shippe and that he aunswered as became him then for his person and place Menodorus might haue done it without me it agréeth with Menodorus to be periured false but so may not Pompey In that supper Pompeys daughter wife to Libo was espoused to Marcellus Antonyes nephew sonne to Caesars sister The next day the Consuls were appoynted for foure yeares first Antony and Libo and that Antony mighte make a substitute next Caesar and Pompey then Aenobarbus and Sosius lastly Caesar and Antony thrice Consuls and as it was hoped to restore to the people the gouernement of the common wealth These things being concluded they departed Pompey with his Shippes to Sicelie and they by land to Rome At the newes of this peace the Citie and all Italy made great ioy by the which ciuill warre continuall musters insolencie of garrisons running away of slaues wasting of Countreys decay of tillage and aboue all most greate famine was taken away therefore sacrifices were made by the way to the Princes as to preseruers of the Countrey The Citie had receyued them with a goodly triumph hadde not they entred by nighte bycause they would not charge the Citizens Onely they were not partakers of the common ioy that had the possession of the banished mens goodes who should returne by the league and be their heauie enimies The banished men a fewe except that went againe with Pompey tooke leaue of him at Puzzolo and wente to the Citie where a new ioy was 〈…〉 de for the returne of so many noble men TheÌ„ Caesar went t 〈…〉 ifye France and Antonie to make war on y Parthians And y Senate hauing approued his actes as wel past as to come he sent his Captaynes abroade did what he would He appoynted also certaine kings only such as should pay a
sent to Rome where thrée dayes togither holy dayes were made bycause it séemed that the Citie was restored to the auntiente dignitie after so manye euils All Spayne and the Carthagineans were astonished with the great acte that was done so valiantly and so spéedely Scipio leauing a strong garrison in the Citie commaunded that parte of the wall that was next the fenne to be made higher and he went to subdue the rest of Hiberia which he did by going himselfe to some of them and sending his frieÌ„ds to other and taking them by force that resisted Of the Carthagies the Captaynes being both Asdrubals the one sonne of Aâ—ilcare and hauyng an army of strangers in the furthest part of Spayne the other the sonne of Gisgo exhorted the Cities that remained in the Carthagies obedience to continue in the same for a greate armye should come shortly to help them He sent another Mago into the next places to gather men and he entred the Countrey of Lersanes which reuâ—lled from the Carthagies to beséege a Citie But Scipio comming vpon him he wente into Granata and set his Camp at the Citie where the next day he was easily ouercome for Scipio put him from his Campe and got all Grannata Mago was occupyed in gathering of Souldyoures which were yet in Spayne at Cerbona that with all his power hée myght encounter with the Romanes Many Spanyardes ioyned with Mago and many Numidians being commaunded of Massinissa Asdruball kepte in his Campe with the footemen of these nations Mago and Massinissa with the horsemen had their camp before the army They being thus Scipio diuided his horsemen and sent one part with Lelio against Mago and he went agaynst Massinissa The fight was long sharp and dangerous the Numidians setting on and going backe and comming againe to the fighte with their shotte But when Scipio gaue a token to hys Souldyoures that the Romanes shoulde follow them and fyghte with them with their speares the Numidians being destitute of shotte were putte to flight and retired to their tentes Scipio encamped tenne furlongs from them in a strong place as he desired The whole strength of the Carthagies was .lxx. thousande footemen fiue thousande horse and thirtie Elephants Scipio had not the third part therefore he was doubtfull a while and durst not ioyne with the whole battell but continued with skirmishing whose victuall béeing almost spent and the army beginning to lacke he thought it vnhonorable to departe and doe nothing therefore making sacrifice and bringing his armye where he mighte well be hearde framing his countenance and looke as though he had bin inspired of God he said his accustomed Angell hadde bin with him and exhorted him to fighte by reason whereof they shoulde rather trust in the power of God than in the number of men chiefly bycause his other attemptes were brought to good effect by the power diuine and not by the multitude of Souldyoures To make credite to his wordes hée caused the southsayers to shew them the sacrifices And whiles he spake thus hée espyed certayne birdes fléeyng vnto whome turning hym selfe he badde the Souldyoures beholde them saying that God dyd sende them that token of victory also and that way the birdes flewe he turned hys bodye as one rapte with a diuine furie and wyth hys eyes fixed cryed Wherfore all the armye turned with him hither and thither and euerye man exhorted other as to a certayne victory When he sawe the thing come to passe as he woulde not suffering the courage of the souldyoure to relent he made no delay but as one taken with all one diuine furie the tokens and ceremonies of theyr good lucke being shewed he sayd it must be obeyed and y battell must be made WheÌ„ the Souldyoures had refreshed theÌ„selues he coÌ„manded to take armor He coÌ„mitted y horsemeÌ„ to Sillano the â—otemeÌ„ to Lâ—lio Martio Asdruball Mago Massinissa WheÌ„ they saw they were taken of the suddaine of Scipio being but tenne â—urlongs betwéene the Camps they blow the â—â—â—â—â— nor without consusion and tumult therefore the battell being â—egâ—â—â—â— the Romane horsemen vsing their old arte were supâ—â—â—ourâ— following hard their enimies and beating theÌ„ with their spearâ—s though they fayned to flee and turne againe for the Romanes being continually at their heeles kepte them from their shooting bycause they were so nigh The footemen being ouerlayd with the Libyans continued all day and although Scipio ranne aboute and exhorted them to the fight â–ª they would neuer giue any fierce onsette til he delyuering his horse to his squire toke a souldioures target and wente alone into the middest betwéene both armies crying helpe Romanes help your Scipio in this perill Therefore they that were nigh seing him in so great perill and they that were further off hearing him all being moued both with shame and danger of their Generall exhorted one another and went against their enimies with great vehemence which when the Affricanes were not able to abide they turned their backes therfore partly wéerie with fight and partly weake with samine the nighte being at hand they were vtterly ouerthrowne This was the ende of the fighte at Cerbona in the whiche the victorye was doubtfull eight hundred Romanes were slaine and tenne thousand fiue huÌ„dred of the enimies From that time the Carthagies made hast to be gone Scipio followed and endamaged them al wayes that was possible but when they were come to a place strong and well watered and full of their necessaries so as the matter required a séege Scipio left Sillanus to hold them in and he wente to winne the rest of Spaine The Carthagies that were beséeged of Sillanus remoued and went to Cales to passe the Sea and when Sillanus had done them as much hurt as he could he returned with his army to Scipio Asdruball Amilchars sonne whiche was gathering of men at the North Ocean was called of his brother Anniball to come into Italy so soone as he could The whiche that he mighte doe vnknowen to Scipio be passed the Pirenian hilles that were nexte the North with the Celtiberians that he had and so the Romanes being ignorant Asdruball came to Italy with great iourneys In the meane season Liuius comming from Rome tolde Scipio that the Senate minded to make hym Captayne of the warre of Carthage which thing Scipio loked for and trusting it woulde be so sent Laelius with fiue Shyppes to King Syphax with many giftes to remember vnto him the friendship that had bin betwéene him and the Scipios and to aske him if he came into Africa whether he would be friend to the Romanes whiche Syphax promised to doe and receyued the giftes and sente Scipio others When the Carthagies vnderstoode that they sente Embassadors to Siphax also to remember him of societie and league which Scipio vnderstanding and minding to preuent the Carthagies bycause it was a matter of greate importance with two Gallies onely and with Laelius wente vnto him
punish Then he commaunded the officers to remoue y multitude further which being done the Senatoures brought the authors of seditioÌ„ forth who crying and praying their fellowes of help the Tribunes that were commanded killed them that durst once make any noyse The multitude when they saw them thus handled and the other armed they were sorrie and helde their peace Scipio commaunding them to bée fyrste killed that cried the other he bound to the pale and beate them with roddes and after beheaded them To the reste of the multitude he signified by the Trumpet that he forgaue them Ê’ by this order the army was reformed Indibilâ— a certaine Prince that béefore obeyed Scipio during the sedition of the souldiours raunged the dominion of Scipio he being followed would not refuse battaile as a cowarde and killed a thousande two hundred of the Romane souldioures But losyng twenty thousande of his men he was compelled to aske peace whome Scipio punished by the purse and receyued hym to grace Massinissa vnknowen to Asdrubal saâ—led into Spaine made amitie with Scipio and promised if he came into Affrica to be his aider Thus he did being otherwise a coÌ„staÌ„t man for this cause Asdrubal that ledde him with hym had espoused his daughter to him whome Syphax loued Whereof the Carthagies thoughte it néedefull for them to holde Syphax agaynste the Romaynes and gaue the maide in marriage vnto him withoute Asdrubals prinitie whiche thing being done Asdrubal was ashamed and kepte it secreate from Massinissa Whiche when he vnderstoode he made league with the Romanes Mago the admirall of the Carthagies despayring of the state of Spaine went into Gallia and Liguria and gathered men with al his mighte The Romanes tooke Gades being lefte of Mago and from that time beganne to send yearely officers to gouerne Spaine a little before the. Câ—L Olympiade which in peace had the office both of a Captaine and a Justice In the which with no greate army Santio was broughte into the forme of a Cittie whiche of the name of Italie was called Italica and after was the Countrey of Adriane and Traiane who were chosen to the rule of the Romaynes Hee returned to Rome wyth a nauie well furnished and and filled with Captines mony and spoyle of al sorts and was receyued of the people of Rome wyth all Ilandes especiallye of the North for the greatnesse and maruellous expedition of his doyngs And euen they that firste enuied him and noted him of boasting confessed the thing to be brought to a glorious end Indibilu after Scipios returne reuolted agayne Wherfore the lieutenaunts of Spaine gathering the ordinarie garrisons togyther and other of the prouince killed hym and condemned the authors of the rebellion and confiscated their goodes Then y were priuie to the mutinie they punished in money spoyled them of their armoure and tooke pledges of them and put greater garrisons in their Towns. These things were done streight after Scipios departure This was the ende of the Romanes first warre in Spaine After the which tyme the Romanes making war with the Galles that dwell aboute Poo and with Phillip king of Macedonie the state of Spaine beganne to be troublesome againe Sempronius Tuditanus and M. Claudius and after theÌ„ Minutius were chosen Generalls and after when there was greater stirre Cato was sent wyth a greater army a young man but seuere and painefull and very notable for hys wysedome and eloquence insomuche as of the people hée was called another Demosthenes who was the principall Oratour of all Grecia When he was come into Spaine to the place called Emporium and vnderstoode that the enimies were togither in a place to the number of sortie thousande he kepte hys Souldioures certaine dayes in exercise and when he determined to fighte he sent the ships which he had with hym to Massilia admonishing the souldioures that it was not to be feared though the ennimie was more in number séeing the vertue of the minde is muche more of price than the multitude And that he had therfore sent away his shippes whereof they had no néede nor were kept but for them that ouercame And when he had saide thus he gaue a fierce onset vpon the enimye and afraying his Souldioures rather than exhorting them as other were wonte to doe when the fight was begunne he ranne to euery part and encouraged the souldiors The fight continued doubtfull night manye falling on both sides and when he wyth thrée thousand had béen vpon an hill to sée al partes of the fight and saw his men were compassed of the enimie he came downe with haste offring himselfe to reâ—â—â— with the formost so crying fighting he brake the enimies aray laid the first foundation of victory He chased y enimy al night he got their camp killed an infinite multitude As he returned al mette with him embraced and congratulated with him as the Authour of victorie These things beyng done he gaue rest to the armye and made destribution of the spoyle Ambassadors came to him from al people of whom he receyued pledges Besides he sent letters sealed to the Citties commauÌ„ding the bearers to deliuer al in one daye appointyng the daye as by coniecture he considred the distance of place as they might make their iorny to the furthest Cittie He coÌ„manded the rulers of euery citie to pul down their wals threatned destruction to them y made any delay Al obeyed being mindful of y losse they had receyued seuerally they durst not resist thinking it had bin coÌ„maÌ„ded to them only not to other and if it were to other they were afraid if other did obey they should be punished if they did disobey And if they alone did obey it was a matter of no greate moment There was no respite for them to send to their neighbors of the souldiors that brought the letters they were vrged to it wherfore euery citie to saue themselues pulled down their wals and that they might haue thanke for their quicke obedience they did it with great spéede By this meane all the Citties that be about the floud Iberus did cast downe theyr walls in one day by the only wisedome of their Captaine they were quiet to the Romanes for the space of foure Olympiades But after the C L. Olympiade great parte of Spaine rebelled from the Romanes bicause they wer in waÌ„t of al necessaries for food Wherfore the matter comming to light Fuluius Flaccus Consull ouercame them and manye fled to their possessions But they that were in most want and got their liuing with robbing assembled al togither at Complega a Citty new made wel defenced that had encreased in a short time froÌ„ hence they many times molested the Romanes and seÌ„t to Flaccus that he shold leaue a cloake an horse and a sword for euery one that he had killed and flée out of Spaine before worse hapned vnto him
Flaccus answered he would bring many soldiors coats folowing their messeÌ„gers caÌ„ped at y city They not doyng any thing according to their great crakes fledde and dayly spoyled the Countreis They vse a certaine garment double of thicke wâ—â—ll with a buckle fastned like a cloke and that they count a Souldiours coate Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succeeded Flaccus The Celtiberians besieged Carabâ—â— a Cittie friend to the Romaynes wyth twentye thousande souldioures and thought to gette it quickly Wherefore Gracchus comming to helpe them and not hauing any mean to signifie it to the besieged a certaine capitaine of a bande named Cominius tolde Gracchus what he had deuised with himselfe he put on a Spaniardes coate and wente among the slaues of the campe and as a Spaniard came with them to the Campe and from thence into the Citie and tolde them that Gracchus was at hande with helpe Wherefore they abode the siege valiauntly and within thrée dayes Gracchus came and so the Câ—lâ—â—berians left the siege One daye twenty thousande came from Complega bringing braunches of Oliue lyke petitioners asking pardon whiche comming nighe the Romanes Generall gaue a violent onsette on the Romanes and put them in great daunger Gracchus went from the Campe of purpose and made as thoughe he fledde and whiles they were aboute the spoile he returned and sette vpon them and killed many of them and got Complega He appointed their laâ—â—e and the neighbors to them that had néede and made league with the inhabitants of that countrey with certaine conditions whereby they were receiued into the Romaines amitie to the whiche he bounde them by â—thâ— These conditions were much desired in the wars that followed and for these things the name of Gracchus was greate bothe in Spaine and Rome where he triumphed gloriously A fewe yeares after great warre was renewed in Spayne â–ª There was a Cittie in the borders of the Celtiberians that is called 〈…〉 named Segedâ— great and mighty comprehended in the 〈…〉 of Gracchus This Citie enticing other little Townes 〈…〉 d their walls the compasse whereof was forty â—ur â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 example induced the Tiâ—â—â—â—ans an other 〈…〉 of the Celtiberians to do the lyke Whyche thing the Senate vnderstanding forbadde them the building of their wal and required the tribute appointed by Gracchus and commanded them to goe to warre with the Romanes to the whiche they were also bounde by the league of Gracchus They aunswered that touching their walles they were bound by Gracchus not to builde any newe Citties but not that they should not defend their olde As touching tributes and seruice in war they were released by the Romanes and so they were indéede with this condition so long as it shoulde séeme good to the Senate and people of Rome wherefore Q. Fuluius Nobâ—â—â—or was sent against them with an army of thirty thousande The Segetanes hearing that he was comming their walls not being yet finished desired the Araschians to receiue them and so they fled to them They made their chiefe Captaine Carus whom the Segetanes thoughte to be a man expert in war. He thrée daies after he was created Generall laide an ambushe of twentye thousande footemen and fyue thousande horse in a shadowy and woddy place and from theÌ„ce gaue a charge vpon the Romanes The fight was doubtfull a greate while at length Carus hadde a noble victorie for he â—â—ewe sixe thousande Romaines whiche was a great losse to the Citie â–ª But when they vsed the victory rashlye and too proudlye the Romaines horsemen that garded the carriage set vppon them and â—â—ew Carus fighting valiantly for himselfe and sixe thousand with hym tyll the fyghte was ended by the darkenesse of the night This was done the same daye that the Romaynes kepte the feaste of Vulcane After that daye none of them woulde come to fight but by compulsion The Araschians assembled that night at Numantiâ— â–ª which is a very strong citie They chose Arathon and Leucon Captaines of the warre Fuluius came thither the thirde daye and camped foure and twenty furlongs from the citie to whom Massinissa had sent thrée hundred horsmen and thirtye Elephants which being come he went straight to the fight He placed the Elephants at the backe of the army and when the fight was begonne opened a way for the Elephants â–ª whom when the Celtiberians sawe they and their horse were afraid and fled to the walles The Romayne had the Elephants shoulde be brought to the wal There was a fierce fight till one of the Elephants being hurte in the heade with a stone from the wall beganne to rage and be vnruly and with furie turne vpon his fellows thrusting and treading downe euery one he met no difference betwéene friend and foe and the rest of the Elephants being made afrayde did the lyke and trode and thruste downe the Romaine souldiours The whiche thing the Elephants when they are in feare are wâ—nte to doe taking euerye man for their ennimye wherefore for this falshoode they are called common enimies Therfore the Romanes without order fled away which when the Numantines saw from the walles they came forth and chased them and flewe foure thousande of them and tooke thrée Elephants and muche armour and many ensignes Of the Celtiberians two thousand were killed When Fuluius hadde gotten from that slaughter he besieged Axenium which was as a coÌ„mon market for the enimyes for there was all thinges to sell â–ª Where when he did no good but lose his men he retired by night to his campe Wherefore hée sente Blesus the Capitayne of the horsmen to a nation that was nigh and his friend for he wanted horsemen with a bande of horse In the way they fell into an ambushe of Celtiberians â–ª whiche beyng knowne the friendes fledde and Blesus fought and was killed and many Romanes with him For the whiche losses and ouerthrowes Ocile a Cittie in the whiche the Romanes had their treasure and munition yéelded to the Celtiberians Then Fuluius distrusting himselfe and afraid of al things kepte within his campe that winter defending it as well as hée coulde and getting victuall â–ª yet was greatly troubled for lacke and for bitternesse of colde wherfore many Souldyours partly goyng for wood partly for the sharpnesse and great colde did perishe The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in Fuluius place bringing eighte thousande footemen and .v. C. horsemen againste whome when the enimies likewise haâ— saide traines he by another crafte auoyded them and went streight to Ocile there camped with all his power and fortune fauouring hym tooke the Cittie at the firste assaulte whome he pardoned receiuing some pledges and thyrtie talentes of golde When thys modestie was hearde the Nergobriges sente messengers to Marcellus to know what they might do to haue peace He commaunded them to sende him an hundred horsemen They promised so to doe yet they folowed the
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ„ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌ„d to lighter enterprises as cause reqâ—â—â—â—d Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌ„ding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâ—a and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land â–ª and beséeged their Citie made many trenches â–ª and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
the wall and entred the Citie but being valiantly repulsed in their retire vnawares they fell into a fenne where a greate parte of them perished The Barbarians the night following made vppe theyr wall but at length when both sides was oppressed wyth famine Scipio promised them that there should be no fraude in their treatie to whome faith was giuen for the opinion of hys vertue This was the ende of thys warre that they shoulde deliuer tenne thousande Souldioures coates a certayne number of caitell and fiftie pledges The gold and siluer Lucullus could not haue for whose cause he made the warre thinking Spayne had bin full of it for those people hadde it not neyther doe these Celtiberians much estéeme suche things After this he wente toward Pallantia whiche was a Citie of greater name and power into the whyche many were fledde therefore many counselled him to leaue it but he ▪ bycause hée heard it was ▪ wealthy and riche did not followe their councell When he went to forage euer he had the Pallantine horsemen vpon him so as for lacke of victuall he was fayne to remoue his Camp and so ledde his army in a square battell the Pallantines euer following till he came to the floud Orius Then they went away at midnight and he returned to the Turditanes land and there wintered This end hadde the warre whiche Lucullus made with the Vacceans without the authoritie of the Senate Therfore that he shuld not come to iudgemēt being accused c. ¶ Notwithstanding another part of Spayne called Lusitania lyuing after their owne lawes with a certayne Captayne of Africa did spoyle the Countreys that obeyed the Romanes and whē they had ouerthrowen Manilius and Calphurnius Piso the Romane Captaynes they killed syxe thousande of them beside Terentius Varro that was treasourer by the whiche thing the Affrican being proude did runne ouer all the Countreys to the Ocean sea and ioyning the Vettones vnto him beséeged the Blastophenicians that were subiect to the Romanes with the whyche they say Anniball did mingle some of the Carthage generation therfore they were called Blastophenicians Thys Captayne was hurte on the head with a stone and dyed and in hys place succéeded another called Cessaro Hée foughte wyth Mummius that was come from Rome wyth another armye of whome being ouercome and Mummius chacing hym he returned vppon them that followed disorderly and kylled tenne thousande and recouered all hys prey and hys owne Campe whyche hée hadde lost and besyde spoyled the Romanes Campe and tooke theyr Ensignes the whyche they shewing throughout Spayne made a laughingstocke of the Romanes Mummius nowe Campyng in a strong place exercised the Souldioures whyche he hadde lefte whyche were fiue thousande and durst not bryng them into the playne tyll they hadde recouered theyr courage The Lusitanes albeit they inhabite the other syde of the floud Tagus yet they tooke armes and wasted the Cuneans that were tributaries to the Romanes Canchenus béeyng theyr Captayne and tooke Cunistorges theyr greate Citie and passed the Sea at the pillers of Hercules so as some of them wente into Affrica and some beséeged the Citie of Ocilis Mummius followed them with nine thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen and killed of them fiftéene thousande that wasted the Countreys and many of the other and deliuered Ocile from the séege and then méeting with them that raunged that Countrey he destroyed them all so as not a messenger was left The prey that coulde be carryed he distributed to the Souldioures the rest he burned in the honor of the Gods that be the rulers of warre for the which things he triumphed at Rome at his returne M. Attilius succéeded him which in one rode killed seuen hundred Lusitanes and destroyed a great Citie called Ostrace and tooke all the countrey aboute yéelding for feare in the whiche some were of the nation of the Bottanes but so soone as Attilius departed to hys winter station they reuolted and beséeged certayne of the Romanes tributaries whome when Seruius Galba successor to Attilius would haue put from the séege of the sodayne when he had gone in one night and a day fiue hundred surlongs he shewed himselfe to the Lusitanes and put his souldioures wearie of their iourney to the fight forthwith and when he had put the enimie to flighte and foolishly followed them with his Souldioures weake and wearie the Barbarians séeing them scattered and manye times resting them for faintenesse turned and gaue a charge vpon them and killed seauen thousande of them Galba with the horsemen about him recouered himselfe at the Citie of Carmena where he gathered all them that escaped and when he had twenty thousand of the tributarie souldyoures he went into the borders of the Cuneans where he wintered at Cunistorge Lucullus who made warre with the Vacceans withoute the authoritie of the Senate comming that time into Turditania vnderstoode that the Lusitanes made warre vppon their neighboures therefore he sent some of his best Captaynes and killed fiftéene hundred of them as they passed a water and others that were fledde into an hill he compassed with trenches and mountes and killed a great multitude Then entring Lusitania he wasted one parte and Galba another Some that sente Embassadors to confirme the league made with Attilius and broken of them he receyued into friendship and compounded the master wyth them Also he fayned that he was sory for them and kllwel ▪ that they for continuall wante were driuen to spoyle and so breaking league made warre I know quoth he that you were cōpelled to it by the barennesse and want of your Countrey ▪ but I will put you into a plentifull soyle and diuide you into thrée seuerall places full of abundance They being allured by thys hope went from their owne houses whome being diuided into thrée partes he shewed them a playne where he had them stay till he came to shew them the place where they shoulde buylde their Citie When he was come to the firste he willed them to leaue their armour as friends which they did then he enclosed them with ditches and trenches and sent in his souldyource and caused them all to be kylled not one escaping they calling vpon the Gods for the breach of faith He did the like to the seconde and thirde before one vnderstoode of anothers calamitie and thus he reuenged fraude with fraude following the Barbarians vse no respect he had to y honor of Rome A few escaped among whome was Viriatus who after was Captayne of the Lusitanes and did greate feates and killed many Romanes Those things that were done afterwarde I will shewe in the other bookes But Galba who passed Lucullus in couetousnesse distributed a fewe things among the souldyoures and tooke the rest to hymselfe although he was most riche of all the Romanes He was a man that in peace where profite appeared would
not refrayne from periurie and lies And when he being hated of all men was accused yet for his riches whereof he had great plenty he was euer quitte and discharged Not long after as many as remained of the vnfaithfulnesse of Lucullus and Galba â–ª gathering togither to the number of tenne thousande wasted the lande of Turditania Agaynste them â–ª M. Vettilius with another armye wente and ioyning to him all other that were in Spayne whych was tenne thousande he wente agaynste them that wasted Turditania and kylled many of them and droue the other into a Castell in the which if they woulde tarry they must perishe for hunger if they departed they must fall into the Romanes handes so narrow was the place wherefore they sent Embassadoures to Vettilius in humble wise desiring to haue a place to inhabite that they from henceforth with all these might be tributaries to Rome whyche he accepted and they ready to come forth But Viriatus that had escaped from Galbas crueltie and was then with them put them in remembrance of the Romanes falsehoode and tolde them how oft they hadde bin deceyued by colour of promise and that all the Romanes army was nowe lyke vnto the deceytefulnesse of Galba and Lucullus but if they woulde be ruled by hym he woulde tell them how they might all escape safe They béeyng moued with hys wordes and conceyuing good hope chose hym theyr Captayne Therefore when he hadde placed all the horse in the front of the battell as though he woulde fyghte he commaunded the other so soone as he tooke hys horse to diuide themselues and by diuers pathes to flée ouer the hylles as well as they could to Tribola and there to tarry hym tyll he came He kepte wyth hym choyce Horsemen of euery number and then he lepte on Horsebacke and the other fledde with speede Vettilius afrayde to followe them that were thus separate and diuided to many partes stayed to sée what Viriatus woulde doe who abode still He with hys swifte Horse nowe commyng vpon the Romanes now going backe from them and now comming agayne vppon them spente so that whole daye and the nexte also goyng on and comming of from that playne And when by coniecture he thoughte them that were gone to be come to a sure place at midnighte wyth most spéede by dyuers hard wayes he got to Tribola The Romanes coulde not ouertake hym partly for the weight of their armoure partly for the ignorance of the way and partly for the diuersitie of theyr Horses Thus Viriatus saued hys men that were in desperation of themselues Thys policie wanne hym greate fame ouer all the places aboute and so they came vnto hym in great numbers He kepte warre wyth the Romanes thrée yeares togither and it is well knowen that this warre muche troubled the same and in the ende was very daungerous vnto them And if there were any other stirre in Spayne that was the cause that it continued the longer Vettilius followed and came to Tribola Viriatus layde an ambushe in an hyll whyther when he knewe that Vettilius was come he fledde And when Vettilius was past the ambushe he turned and they of the ambushe came forthe and besette the Romanes kylling and takyng or throwing them headlong from the hygh places Vettilius was taken whome when the taker knewe not but sawe hym to be a fatte olde man he thought hym to be of no regarde and kylled hym Of tenne thousande Romanes scarsly sixe thousande saued themselues at Carpesso a Sea Towne whyche I thynke was called of the Grecians Tartessus in the whyche Arganthonius reigned who they say lyued a hundred and fiftie yeare The Treasurer that came with Vettilius followyng them that went to Carpesso séeing them afrayde kepte them in the Citie and made them kéepe the wall And when he had gotten fiue thousande of the Bellans and Titthians accordyng as he desired hée sente them agaynste Viriatus whome he kylled not one béeing lefte to bryng tydings home The treasourer remayning in the Citie lookyng for newesfrom Rome durst doe nothyng Viriatus in the meane season inuaded the plentifull and abundant soyle of the Carpetanes whyche he spoyled without feare tyll Caius Plautius came with tenne thousande footemen and thrée hundred horsemen Then Viriatus pretended to flée Plautius sent foure thousand to follow him vpon whome Viriatus turned and killed all saue a fewe Then he passed the â—â—oud Tagus and camped in an hill full of Oliues yet called by the name of Venus Plautius finding him héere and desirous to heale his former wounde gaue him battell wherein he was ouercome with great losse of men and fledde with shame and kepte in strong Cities and as men be wont in winter he durst neuer come forthe all that Sommer Viriatus raunged the Countrey and toke money of the owners for the saue theyr haruest whyche if they denyed hym he wasted all At Rome when this was knowen they sente Q. Fabius Maximus that was Paulus Aemilius sonne that ouercame Perseus Kyng of Macedonia and gaue hym authoritie to gather men hymselfe He bycause of late they hadde gotte Grecia and Carâ—hage and made a prosperous ende of the thirde warre of Macedonia to gyue some respect to the olde Souldioures that were come from thence hée tooke vp two legions of yong men vnexpert in warre and sente for ayde of hys friendes and came to Orsona a Citie in Spayne The contente of hys armye was fiftéene thousande footemen and two thousande Horsemen in the whyche place not myndyng to beginne the warre tyll he hadde trayned hys Souldioures he wente to Gades to sacrifice to Hercules Viriatus méeting with some of them that were gone a foraging kylled the most parte of them and putte the rest in feare who being called agayne to theyr Ensigne of theyr Captayne he ouercame them and spoyled them of a greate prey When Maximus was come he was ofte in the fielde and prouoked hym to fyghte Maximus thoughte it not good to auenture the whole fyght but continued in exercising hys Souldioures and suffered hys souldioures to skirmishe that by that meane he myghte trie the hearies both of hys owne and of hys enimies When they shoulde goe for victuall hée garded them wyth many shotte and Horsemen he riding to them as he had séene his father Paulus doe in Macedonia When Winter was past and he hadde sufficiently exercised hys Souldioures he was the seconde of whome Viriatus was ouerthrowen and putte to flighte doyng all thé partes that belongeth to a Generall And so of two Cities which he helâ— he toke one and burned another And when he had driuen him to a strong place whiche was called Vecor he killed many and in winter he wente to lye at Corduba Wherefore Viriatus not illuding hys enimie now as he was wont he induced the Aruacceans the Titthians and Bellans warlike people whiche were at a warre of themselues to reuolte
began to follow them 〈◊〉 and to chace them to the tâ—ppe of the hilles where the ambush was whiche discouering themselues Ruffus commanded his meÌ„ neyther to followe nor to encounter the enimie but holde them at the speares poylite Scipio séeyng Ruffus going further to the hilles than was appointed him began to follow him wich his army fearing the worst and when he was come to the place of the traynes he diuided his horsemeÌ„ and commanded to giue onset vpon the enimie both wayes and when they had cast their dartes to returne not righte on but a soft pacâ— that they that were behinde mighte ioyne with them and by this meane he brought his horse safe into the playne After this when Scipio would remoue there was a water hard to â—â— passed and myrie at the which the enimie lay hidden which when it was knowen he lefte that way and ledde hys army by another longer way but sure from deceyts and went by night and commanded many welles to be made for thirst in the most part of y which salt water was found Neuerthelesse Neuerthelesse the army weÌ„t on safe though with great payne but some horses Mules were killed for drought Then he entred the lands of the Cauceans whome Lucullus had inuaded contrary to the league all the which he coÌ„manded by his crier to goe quietly euery one to hys owne From thence he wente to the Numantines grounde to winter where he remained till Iugâ—rtha the nephewe of Massinissa came to him with .xij. Elephants and archers and slingers well armed And being occupyed in wasting and spoyling the countreys that were nigh he was almost entrapped at a Uillage the which was enuirened with a great fenne of one side of y other with an hilly place in y which y traynes were layde And where Scipios host was diuided into two partes entring the towne and leauing their ensignes without they went to spoyle Other a few horsemeÌ„ rode about the towne who were beset of the ambush defended theÌ„selues Scipio being about y ensignes called y souldioures out by trumpet before y which could come he with a M. horsemen ranne to help theÌ„ that were in distresse And when the most part of the souldiours were come out of the towne he made the enimie to flée yet did he not follow theÌ„ but a fewe being killed of both sides retired to his camp Then laying two Camps before NumaÌ„tiâ— he made his brother Maximus ruler of the one and the other he gouerned himselfe Whiles he was in this sort the Numantines came forth and offered to fight but Scipio contemned them thinking not better to fight with theÌ„ that were in desperation than to came them by famine and driue them to yéelde And when he had made seauen trenches about the Citie to presse them the rather he sente letters to the confederates in the whiche it was conteyned what and howe many souldioures they shoulde sende whyche when they were come he diuided them into many partes as he did his owne and commaunded their Captaynes and leaders to make ditches and enclosures about the Citie The compasse of Numantia was four and twenty furlongs The enclosure was as muche or more and all that was distributed to the Tribunes whiche if they were let of the enimie they should signifie it by day with a redde cloth vpon a speare and in the night by a fire that he and his brother might aide theÌ„ that were circumuented whiche béeing done and they that were set for gard were sufficient to resist the enimie He commaunded another beside that to be made and to plant stakes about it or next them to build a newe wall the breadth of the which was fiue foote and the height tenne beside the pinnacles and towers distant by equall space The fenne that was nexte the wall bycause he coulde not compasse it with a wall he made a trench as high as a wall and that might serue for a wall about it And this Scipio was y first as I thinke that compassed a Citie beséeged with a wall the whiche did not refuse to fight The floud Dunas that ranne by the Campe was very commodious to the Numantines to bring in victuall and to receiue men out and in or to swimme vnder water or to send boates out full sayle when the winde was bigge or to rowe when the time serued And bycause a bridge coulde not be made vpon it for the breadth and vehemence Scipio caused two Castels to be made on either side the banke and betwéene both he haÌ„ged certaine long beames with ropes and let them goe into y water In the beames were laide plates of swords on euery side and other weapons pricking whiche with the continuall course of the water being turned did not suffer the enimies Shippes nor swimmers to passe This was the thing that Scipio most desired that none should go to the beséeged to tell what was done abroade whereby they shoulde be destitute both of councell and comfort These being thus disposed engines were placed in the towers and instruments y cast arrowes dartes stones The walles were ful of stones shot The Castels were kept of shooters and sâ—ingers He placed also many men in the trenches that shuld both day night signifie what new thing hapned in raÌ„kes one froÌ„ another holding vp an enâ—â—gne at y tower y was in néed and that the other towers should do the like wheÌ„ the token was séen that y first made This was done that in a momeÌ„t of time he might know what happened and for those things that must be declared in déede he would haue brought to him by certayne messengers He deuided his army which with the confederates was .lx. M. into two partes of the which he set one to garde the sea and vsed the other to goe for things requisite as occasioÌ„ required Twenty thousand were appointed to fight when néede was to the ayde of the which other xx M. of confederates were assigned Euery maÌ„ had his place from the whiche he might not go without leaue So euery maÌ„ repaired to his place and to the token that was made when the enimie made any thing adoe so orderly wisely had Scipio considered euery thing The Numantines made many salies vpon the ordinary wardes nowe héere now there but they were soone made afraid of the dreadful sight of them that came so soone to helpe and also with the ensignes that were set vpoÌ„ the wall to shew y matter and with y kéepers of the towers trenchies and with the sound of the trumpets in so much as all the coÌ„passe of y treÌ„ches which was 50. furlongs was in a moment a terror to them all This place Scipio rode about euery day to sée it and by that meane hauing shut in his enimies he thought they could not loÌ„g continue seing they could be holpen by no man neither of victuall meÌ„ nor armour Ritâ—genes
expulsed his realme by Tigranes who sent his son y he had by Selene to be brought vp in Asia and therfore was called Asiaticus whom Pompey put from y Kingdom of Syria as we haue said being y xvij K. of Syria of the house of Seleucus For I leaue out Alexander Alexanders son as bastards their seruaÌ„t Diodotus raigning but one yere whiles PoÌ„pey was about other busines The rule of Seleucus race coÌ„tinued 270. yeres And if a maâ— looke from Alexander to the Romaynes time he muste adde to these 270. yeares 14. of Tigranes This I thought good to write of the Macedonians ruling in Syria as in a treatise by the way The ende of the Râ—â—â—â—â—s vvarâ—e vvith Antiochus the Great King of 〈◊〉 ¶ The Romaines warres with the Carthaginenses by Appian of Alexandrîa THe Phoenitians did builde Carthage in Libya fiftie yeres after the taking of Troy the builders of it Xorus and Carchedon But as the Romanes and y CarthagineaÌ„s themselues think Dido a woman of Tyria whose husbaÌ„d Pygmaleon a Tiran of Tirus had killed and kept the act secret She knowing it by a vision â—â—edde with a greate deale of money and as manye as hated the Tirannie of Pigmaleon and sayled to Libya where nowe is Carthage and beeyng driuen away by the Libyans they desired so muche place to inhabite as they coulde compasse with the hyde of a Bull. A laughter was made of this tâ—â—fling spéeche of the Phoenitians who were ashamed to denye so little a matter but chiefly they maruelled howe a Cittie could be made in so little a space and being desirous to sée the subtilty by oth they promised to giue it They cut the hide into one thinne thong and compassed that part where now the castle of Carthage is and of this it was called Birsa In time roâ—â—ng from thence and fighting with their neyghbours for whom they were to good and by the vse of their shippes keping the sea after the Phoenitian manner they buylded the Citie that is without Birsa and waxed so mightie as they were Lordes of Libya and a great parte of the sea â–ª Then they made warres in farre Countries in Sicelie and Sardinia and other Iles that â—ée in the sea and in Spaine They sent out many inhabitations and had a dominion in power comparable to the Grecians and in riches to the Parthians 700. yeares after the beginning the Romanes toke from them Sicelie Sardinia and in the seconde war Spaine also Thus they inuading one another with grâ—â— armies they by the conâ—â—â—â— of Annibal xvj yeares togither wasted Italâ—e the other Cornelius Scipio the elder being Captaine afflicted Libya tâ—â— they tooke from Carthage rule nauie and ElephaÌ„ts and apointed them to paye â—â—ny by daies Then the second peace â—â—ing made betwen the Romanes them continued 50. yeres til being broken they made the third last war betwéen theÌ„ In y whiche the Romanes ouerthrewe Carthage Scipio the yonger being Generall determined it shoulde neuer be inhabited Yet they sent an habitation thither of their owne people verye nighe the former place to be a fitte defence againste Libya The matters of Sicelie be tolde in that Treatise The doings of Spaine in the Spanishe Historie And what Annibal did when he inuaded Italâ—e in the war of Annibal This booke doth compreheÌ„d all that was done in Libya from the beginning The Romanes entred this war after that of Sicelie with .v. C. xxx ships sayled into Libya and tooke many cities left Attilius Regulus with a power â–ª General there who tooke .ij. C. â—ities more whiche being wearye of Carthage yéelded to him he went on wasted their land The Carthagineans sent to the Lacedemonians for a Captaine thinking that they were ouercome for lacke of a good leader they sente Zantippus vnto them Attilius encamped at a Fen â–ª in the hote tyme went about the Fen against his enimies laden with heauy harnesse and vexed with thirst heate and hardnesse of way beaten with the shot from the â—igh places When it was almoste night he drewe â—igh a floude did diuide them â–ª therefore he passed the floud that so he might afray Zantippus But he hauing set his army in order brought it forth of his caÌ„p thynking to ouermatch them that were hote weary that the night should help his victorie and he was not deceyued of this hope for of .xxx. M. men which Attilius â—ed a few hardly escaped to the citie of Aspis the rest were al slaine or taken with them Attilius the General Consull was captiue The Carthaginians being weary sent hym not long after with their Ambassadors to Rome to worke theyr peace or to returne he in secret with the best of the Romanes persuaded them to continue the war ernestly returned willingly to the sea The Carthaginians put him in a Caue beset with yron pricks killed him This felicitie of Zantippus brought his own calamitie For the Carthaginians pretending to send him home honorably with manâ—e giftes to Lacedemonia in certaine galleys commaunded the Captaines to drowne him and them that sayled with hym This rewarde hadde he for his well doyng And these were the good and euil happes that the Romanes had in the first war in Libya til the CarthaginiaÌ„s gaue place to theÌ„ in Sicelie and how they gaue place it is declared in the waâ—re of Sicelie after the whiche there was peace betwéene Rome and Carthage The Libyans that were vnder Carthage and serued them in Sicelie and the French that were hyred had a quarell againste the Carthaginians for with-holding their wayes and made them sharpe warre They of Carthage sente for helpe to Rome as to their friendes The Romaines onely graunted them to gather men of Italy for this warre For this also was doubtfull in the capitulations and they sent some to pacifye the matter whom the Libyans would not heare but woulde make their Cities subiect to the Romaines if they would but they did not accept theÌ„ The Carthaginians with a great nauy molested their Cities and kept victuals from them by sea and being in want also by lande as is wont in warre the Libyans were ouercome and the merchauntes that passed were spoyled of the néeâ—y sorte and such of the Romanes as they killed they threâ—â— ouer boorde â—hat it shold not be seene and it was not knowen a great while and when it was knowen deuying to make recompence waâ—re was decréed against them by the Romanes in the whiche they gaue Sardinia for a payne and it was written in the former conditions Not long after the Carthaginians iâ—â—aded Spam and gote it by little and little till the Saguntines fléeing the Romaines the limites of Carthage in Spaine was not paste the floude Hiâ—eris These agréements the Carthaginenses brake and went beyonde Anniball being theyr Capitayne leauyng Iberia to be kept by other Captaines he
went into Italie The Romaines Captaines in Iberia P. Cornelius Scipio and C. Cornelius Scipio being brethren and hauing done many noble aâ—â—eâ— were both slaine of the enimies and the Captaines after them did but â—uill till Scipio the sonne of Publius Scipio that was slaine in Iberia sayled thâ—ther and putting an opinion in all men that he went in gods name and vsed a diuine counsel in all his doâ—â—â—s he had a glorious victorie and being therfore of gret râ—â—oume hedeliuered his army to them that were sent to be his successours and went to Rome he obtayned an army to be sent into Libya to driue Annibal out of Italie and to plague the CarthaginiaÌ„s in their own countrey Some of the rulers of the citie spake against it that bicause Italy was troubled with so gret war Annibal yet wasting of it Mago in y sides of it hyring straÌ„ge souldiers in Ligurie France it was not good to make war vpon Libya nor to inuade another Country til the present hurt were healed at home Some thought that the Carthaginians whyche now without feare did ouertunne Italie bycause they were not vexed at home if warre were made vppon them woulde sende for Annibal Thus it was obtained to sende Scipio into Libya not suffering him to gather men in Italy being yet wasted by Annibal but graunting him to leade such as would willingly goe with hym and to vse them that were yet in Sicelie gyuing him leaue to prepare tenne gallies and to make supply for theÌ„ and to take them that were in Sicelie Money they gaue him none except any man for friendshippe would contribute vnto him So slenderly began they this warre at the first which after redounded to their great honour Thus Scipio inflamed as from God against Carthage and gathering .vij. thousand horse and footemen at the most sayled into Sicelie hauing with hym for his guarde thrée hundred chosen yong striplings whom hée commaunded to folow without armoure He appointed thrée hundred of the wealthy Sicilians to come at a day assigned furnished with as good armour and horse as they coulde When they were come he graunted them if they would to giue other to serue in their place where with being all content he brought forth the thrée hundred that were vnarmed and willed them to chaunge with them they willinglye deliuered both horse and harnesse so Scipio had 300. Italians for as many Sicilians very well furnished with goodly horse and armoure who gaue him great thanks and he had theÌ„ continually most ready in seruice The Carthaginians hearing this sent Asdrubal Giscanes son to hunt for Elephants and sent to Mago that made men in Liguria sixe thousande footemen eight hundred horse and seauen ElephaÌ„ts commaunding him with as many more as he could to scoure the Tuscane sea and to kepe Scipio froÌ„ Libya Mago made no hast bicause he could not ioyne with Annibal being so farre of also for that he euer foresaw the end Asdrubal coÌ„ming â—râ— the hunting gathered of the Carthaginians and Libyans six thousand footemen of either 600. horse and he bought 500. slaues to row in the gallies and 2000. horsemen of the Numidians and hyred strangers and trayned them all 200. furlongs from Carthage The Princes that were in Libya were of seuerall dominions of al the which Syphax was of gretest honour with al men Massinissa also the sonne of a noble king of high bloud of Massulia was nourished and brought vp in Carthage of goodly body good behauiour Asdrubal Gâ—sgo inferiour to none in Carthage had dispoused him to his daughter though she were of Carthage and he a Numidian when he had ensured them he carryed the yong man with him into Spaine where he was Captaine Now Syphax that was in loue with â—â—â— maâ—de mâ—â—ded the CarthaginiaÌ„s and made league with 〈…〉 〈…〉 from Spaine to inuade Carthage The Carthaginiâ—â— hearing of it and thinking it a great furtherance to the â—â—â—anes war to haue Syphax ayde they gaue the Virgin to him vnknowen to Asdruâ—al Massinissa being in Spain Massinissa disdaâ—ning at this did also confeder with Scipio in Spaine keping it secret as he thoughte from Asdrubal Who vnderstanding of it was grieued at the iniury that was made to his daughter and the yong man yet thought it beste for his Countrey to dispatche Massinissa and where he should go into Libya from Iberia after the death of his father he sent some to conducte him commaunding as secretely as they coulde to kil Massinissa He perceyuing it fledde and gotte hys fathers kingdome and gathered horsemen with continuall exercise day and night vsing them with much shot on horsebacke to giue onset and retire and to charge againe all their fight consisting in flying and chasing And hauing gathered twentye thousande of them he ledde them to huntings or prayes of other nations by the which he thought to make them endure payne and labour For the Numidians can abide hunger and vse herbes in steade of corne and drinke water altogither Their horse neuer tastbarley but alwayes eate grasse and drinke but seldome The Carthaginians and Syphax thinking this exercise that this yong man made was against them for they were not ignoraunte wherein they had offended him determined firste to make war and ouercome him and then to méete with the Romanes Syphax the CarthaginiaÌ„s were many moe with chariots and cariage for aboundaunce Massinissa would himselfe begin the labour hauing only horsemen no cariage nor forrage that he might the more easily flie and turne again vpon his enimies and retire to strong places and being many times circumuented diuided his armie that they might the better flée by partes he hiding himselfe with a fewe till they might come to him by night or day as was appointed He being the thyrde man dyd once lye hidde in a haue the enimies camping about it We neuer stayd in campe but euer led his army to be vnknown wher he was so as the enimies coulde not come to hands with him but only kepe him backe when he came to them His foode was euery day what he could get at night were it in field town or Citie catching and spoyling euery thing and diuiding it to hys companions Wherefore many Numidians came vnto him no wagies being appointed but to take the gayn that was much better Thus did Massinissa warre with the Carthaginians WheÌ„ Scipio had made all thing ready in Sicelie he sacrifised to Iupiter Neptune came toward Libya with 52. long ships 400. ships of burden and many pinesses and foysts folowed He led an army of sixtéene thousand footemen a thousand sixe hundred horsemeÌ„ he caried also much armour and munition and much victuall and sayled â—â— The Carthaginians and Syphax hearing of it purpâ—sed to deâ—â—â—ue Massinissa and to 〈…〉 him to societie till they had ouercome 〈…〉 He not being ignoraunt of their deceites layde the like for them â–ª
he had séene manye fieldes but neuer none with suche pleasure for he alone without care sawe a hundred and tenne thousande menne fighting togyther and he sayde that only two beside him had seene the lyke warre at troy Iupiter from Ida and Neptune from Samothracia This fight continued from morning till night and after many slayne on both sides Massinissa seemed to haue the better Scipio met with him as he returned and reioyced with him he receyued him as an auntient friende and shewed him all pleasure he coulde When the Carthaginians heard that Scipio was come they prayed him that he woulde make an ende betweene Massinissa and them he brought them togither and for the agréement the Carthaginians offered Massinissa the lande they had at Empurium and to giue him two hundred talents of siluer presentlye and eight hundred in time and when he desired the outlawes to be restored they coulde not abyde to heare it And so they departed doing nothing Scipio returned to Spain with his ElephaÌ„tes Massinissa laye aboute the hyll of his enimies wayting that no victual should be brought them There was none nygh hande and to himselfe a great way off it was brought with muche ado and very little Asdrubal at the firste might haue passed thorow his enimies hys armye beyng strong and sounde but bycause he was better stored of victuall than Massinissa hée thought he would haue sued for peace and he tarried also hearing that Ambassadours came from Rome to make peace To whome it was sayde That if Massinissa were ouercome they should ende the matter but if he had the better they shoulde encourage him And so they did The famine consâ—ned Asdrubal and the Carthaginians who were so weake in bodie that they could not force the enimie First they eate their beastes then their horses of cariage then they sodde their horse gyrthes and eate them Manye diseases toke them as well for their euill sustenaunce as for their lack of labour and heate of the yeare For a multitude of men in a campe was thronged togyther in a little space and heate of Libya and when woode fayled them to séeth their meate they burned their Targets The dead men were not carried away for Massinissa would not suffer it nor they were not burned for lacke of woode The pestilence was greate amongst them and daunger for the sauours and corrupted bodyes The moste part of the army died and the reste had no hope of lise Therefore they promised to restore to Massinissa his runawayes to pay him 5000 talents of siluer in fifty yeres to receiue their bannished men contrary to their othes they to passe throughe one gate by their enimies only in their coats Celossa being yet grieued with them for the iniurie they did him whither by his fathers consent or of himselfe sent the Numidian horsemeÌ„ vpon theÌ„ as they wente away to be reuenged of them they neyther hauing armour to defend nor strength to flye so that of 58000. men fewe came safe to Carthage and with them Asdrubal the captaine and other of the noble men This was the ende of the warre betwéene Massinissa and the Carthagies Then followed the thirde and last warre of the Romaines in Libya When the Carthaginians were thus weakened by the ouerthrow of Massinissa and their Cittie in most féeble state they were afrayde of Massinissa being at hande with so great an army and of the Romaynes euer their heauy enimies and séeking occasion for y was done against Massinissa in neyther of the which they were deceyued for as soone as the Romaynes hearde of it they appointed an army ouer all Italie not shewing to what vse that they might be ready when they shoulde be called The Carthaginians thinking to put away this occasion coÌ„demned Asdrubal that was Captaine of the warre against Massinissa and Carthalone the Boetharch and all other that were occasions of it putting the blame of the warre vpoÌ„ them They sent ambassadors to Rome that accused Massinissa and also accused these men that so rashly and sodenly made the businesse and brought the Citie into daunger of enimitie One of the Senatours asked them why they did not punishe the authours of the warre at the beginning but after they were ouercome and had good will to make war again vpon vs and sought occasion of it to him they answered that the Carthaginians in déed had not yet satisfied the Romaines Therefore being troubled againe they asked if they were thought to offend what they mighte doe to make amendes They sayde thus to this word If you shal satisfie the Romaynes Some thoughte in debating what this satisfaction should be that the Romaines would adde more money to that Scipio had appointed Some thoughte to graunte Massinissa the lande that was in controuersie Then they sente ambassadours againe to Rome to knowe expreslye what would satisfie the Romaynes to whom it was aunswered that the Carthaginians knew well ynough and so sent theÌ„ away Then they were in doubt and feare of thys matter Vtica was the greatest Citie in Libya next Carthage hauing fayre portes and a countrey plentifull to sustaine an army lx furlongs from it fit to make war against theÌ„ being in doubt of Carthage vttering their old hate against theÌ„ in time sent ambassadours to Rome to yéelde Vtica to the Romaines The Senate that before was enclined and prepared to this warre by the comming of so myghtie and conuenient a Citie vnto them opened theyr mynde and being assembled in the Capitoll where they were wont to consulte of warre decréede the warre againste Carthage They sent out of hande the Consuls Marcus Manilius with the footemenne and Lucius Marcius Censorinus with the nauy to whome was giuen in secrete that they shoulde not leaue the warre till Carthage were taken When they hadde sacrifised they sayled into Sicelie to goe from thence to Vtica They had fiftie gallies a hundered foysts many Crayers Barkes and Hoyes They had an army of .xc. thousand footemen and foure thousand horsemen al of the best sort euery citizen confederate being desirous to go to so noble a voyage and many willingly put their names in the roll Warning and war it selfe was giuen the Carthagies by one messenger For he carried the decrée of warre and shewed the ships that sailed against theÌ„ They wer amazed in despaire for want of ships so great a losse of their youth neyther hauing confederates nor hired souldiers nor victuals to endure a siege nor any thing els in war soden not proclaimed nor being able to resist the Romaines and Massinissa too They sent other ambassadors to Rome with ful autoritie to satissie for the present as well as they could The Senate sayd to the â—â—â—â—f the Carthaginians within .xxx. dayes shall deliuer to the Consuis that be yet in Sicelie three hundred of your most noble children for pledges and shall do in other
not erre in youre enterprises nor be voide of thankes For nowe we muste laboure where perill is Lette luere alone till a fitte time maye serue vs to be merye Thus doe I commaund and the law and they that will be obedient shal be pertakers of muche good and they that be disobedient shall repent Thus Scipio said by and by put away al y multitude of vnprofitable meÌ„ with them al things that wer superfluous vaine and delicate His army being purged with reuerence readie to do his commaundement he attempted a place called Megara in two places in one night Megara is a very great place in the Cittie ioyning to the wall into the whiche sending other about he went wyth pike axes ladders bars vnséen with silence WheÌ„ they aboue heard them come néere they made a crie from the wall he made the countre crie firste after him the army in diuerse parts it was made very great This was the first feare the Carthaginians had so many enimies in the sides of them so sodainelye being come vpon them He coulde do no good against the wall thoughe he proued al wayes but he gote a Tower of a priuate Citizen voide without the wall as high as the wall by the courage of his yong men which droue away â—â—e watch from the wall with their darts laying bridges planâ—es the space betwéene gote into Megara and breaking down the gate let in Scipio He entred with â—â—â—â—en the Carthaginians sted into Byrsae as the reste of the Citie had â—â—â— taken There was a strange crie and 〈…〉 some were taken 〈…〉 their camy without â—aâ— with other into Byâ—â—â— â–ª 〈…〉 was fulâ— of â—â— harded groues of fruite diuided with hedges and sets and briers and with riuers running diuersely fearing least the army folowing him shoulde finde a troublesome passage without waye and ignorantly going in the night might haply fal into some traynes blew the retreate When day was come Asdrubal being angry with the taking of Megara as many prisoners as he had of the Romaynes he brought them to the wall where the Romaynes mighte sée what shoulde be done he pulled out their eyes their tongs the sinowes and priuie members with hookes of yron of some he pulled of the skinne of their bodye some he cutte the soles of their féete of some he cut of the fingers and threw them downe being yet aliue shewing there was no hope of concorde betwéene the Romaines and the Carthagies Thus did he stirre them to haue their hope only in fight But it came otherwise to passe than he thoughte for the Carthagies by conscience of these horrible actes were made fearefull in steade of bloud and they hated Asdruball that hadde taken awaye hope of pardon and specially the Senate who exclaymed agaynst him as one that committed too cruell and proude déebes in the countries calamitie But he toke certaine of the Senate and killed them and being waxen fearefull toward all was rather a Tiranne than a Captaine as he that had his safety only in this to be terrible vnto them and therefore wared intollerable Scipio burned the campe of his enimies which they left when they fled into Byrsa and hauing gotten the grounde betwéene the water he trenched it from sea to sea separate from the enimie as far as they might caste a darte They resisted it and the worke was from the head fiue and twenty furlongs and was fayne to worke and fight at once When he had finished this he made another ditch equall to it not farre from the former drawing it towarde the land and after that two more that his whole trenche was a quadrate He made it strong with pale sharpe at the end and at the pale he made other ditches That part that was towarde Carthage he fensed with a wall fiue and twenty furlongs in higth twelue foote beside towers holds which were set with a distaunce on the wal The breadth was halfe so much as the higth The tower in the middest was highest of all and in it a kepe of woodde foure square from the whiche he might sée all that was done in the Cittie This he dyd in twentie dayes and nightes all the armye labouring and working and fighting by turne and not greatly passing for their victuals He brought the army within the treÌ„ch which ser ued both as a long wall against the enimie when he woulde to take the reliefe that was brought to Carthage by land also for except this part that was called the necke the water dyd beate on Carthage euery where And this was the chiefe cause of their hunger and destruction For what the multitude of the Citie had from the fielde neyther coulde it be brought for thys flege nor strangers comming to them for the warre only they had their victuall of Libya a little and by sea when wynde woulde serue the reste came by lande the whiche waye after it was stopped they were sore vexed with famine Bythias that was the Captaine of horsemen and was sent for victual a long tyme neyther durst come neare nor passe Scipios trenche but seldome and slowly sent them foode by ship albeit the Romanes nauy laye at the towne not continuallye nor many at once bicause the sea was dangerous and tempestuuos and they could not approche the Cittie the Carthagies being on the walkes and the waues being great there bycause of the rocke Therefore the Hoyes of Bithyas or if any merchant came for gaine caring nothing for perill they obserued when the winde was greate and made full sayle the gallies not being able to folowe them when they were blowen in with such vehemence from the sea And whatsoeuer these ships brought Asdrubal distributed it vpoÌ„ thirtie thousaÌ„d which he had for the war little regardyng the other people wherefore they were soare troubled wyth famine When Scipio perceyued this he purposed to shutte the mouthe of the porte towarde the Weaste and not farre from the lande hée made a long Trenche beginnyng from the streighte betwéene the Fenne and the Sea called the Longue He wrought in the sea and stopped the passage making it sure with great thicke stones that it should not be broken of the billow And the breadth of she trenche was foure and twenty feete and square in the botteâ—â—e The Carthaginians at the beginning conâ—emned the worke as a thing asking long time and paraduenture impossible to be done But the army applying it earnestly ceassing neither daye nor night they were afrayde and digged out another mouth on the other side of the porte into the midde sea where no trench coulde come for the depth and vehement windes Women and chyldren digged within and were not perceyued and they made shippes of olde stuffe both great and little gallies leauing for no want of courage and boldnesse They kepte all so secrete that neuer a prisoner could
Massinissa falleth out vvith the Carthagies Partialitie of the Romaines Factions in Carthage Celtiberia is that part of Spaine vvhich novve they cal Aragon â—oâ—â—â—rch vvas an office of the state hyest as appeareth in Plutarch The Romaines partial To hold vp hands in the greeke phrase is to decide and determine Tysca a country of â—iâ—tie Cities Cato Arbiter Cato against Carthage Scipio contrary to Cato Tumult in Carthage Tvvo sonnes of Massinissa sent to Carthage Amilchar Sa 〈…〉 Oroscopia Captaines of Massinissa â—euolte to the enimies Scipio the yoÌ„ger The age streÌ„gth and valtantnesse of Massinissa Numidians of long life Scipio beholdeth the fightâ— betvvene the Carthagies and Massinissa Idâ— an hill in Troade Scipio is made â—mper betvvixâ— Massinissa and the Carthogies Partialitie of the Romaines Priuie instructions giuen the ambassadours Famine in the Carthagies camp The Carthegies yelde to Massinissa The Carthagies flaine The third vvar vvith Carthage Asdrubal is condemned Boetharch vvas a chiefe office in Thebes and Baeotia Ambassadours from Carthage to Rome The doubtful dealing of the Senate vvith the Carthagies Vtica is giuen to the Romanes The third vvas vvith Carthage is determined VVat made vvithout proclamation The Senate sayeth one thing and meaneth another â—â—ident deuble dealing of the Romanes The Romaynes â—riâ—â— at Vtica Firbaâ—â—â— loâ—â—es of Carthaâ—â—â—â—â— the Conâ—â—â—s at Vtica Aduersitie Mutation of Fortune â–ª Auntient Romanes kept coue nauntes Othe in league Emporiâ— â–ª Decree if pledges vvere deliuered The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians The Carthagit nians deliuer the â— armâ—ure The Carthaginians are commaÌ„ded to forsake the Citie So â—aine pasion 〈◊〉 Gylla to the 〈◊〉 Phâ—â—â—ppâ—s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Misery cause of muche speaâ—â—â—â— Misery Reuengement belongeth to God. The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians Sea occasion of offence Sicilie Spaine Sea like Marchauntes Athenienses â—ost al by couering too much by sea Gaine vppon â—â—nd lesse but more sure A Citie in the sea like a shippe The great Monarchies on the lande Forgetfulnesse remedie against miserye Carthagâ—â—â—â—ns conâ—e of Tyrus Alba. Sea men Men be the cittie and not houses Carthagâ—eâ— speak against â—roâ—â—le in Carthâ—gâ— at the sight â—t the Ambassadours Fury of the Carthagies â–ª The feâ—stes of â—â—cchâ—â— be â—hevved by tunes for the dronken sort do differ little from mad folke The â—age of the people of Carthage Carthage determined to stand to deâ—fence The Carthagies are denied to send to Rome The mâ—â—uâ—â—ous diligence of the Carthagies Of euils the lesser Massinissae offended Massinissa offended vvith the Romaines The discription of Carthage One vveake place The admirals port The Consuls against Carthage by sea and land Imileo Cesorinus Ioseth men The Romaines haue three repulses The Carthagies burn part of the Romanes engines Scipio shevveth his vvisedome being an inferiour officer in the campe In this place is a vvant of text The Carthagies burne part of the Romanes nauy Phameas The circumspection of Scipio Enuie against Scipio Scipio iust of promise The progenie of Scipio Nepheris Scipios Counsel is reâ—ected The Romanes are ouerthroven by Asdruball Scipio saueth the Consul and his army Counsell before doyng Scipio saueth 4. bands that vver in daunger OpinioÌ„ of Gods vvorking in Scipio Griefe for â—â—â— vnburied souldioures Tribunes vvere rings of golde the other of yâ—on A general good reporte of Scipio Massinissa maketh Scipio hys executor Massinissa dyeth A fortunate maÌ„ Cyrene novve Corene conrayning the prouince of fyue Citties Massinissa of 900. yeares of age had a childe of foure yeares olde The order that Scipio tooke vpon Massinissas children Micipsa Gelossa and Mastaâ—abâ— The talke betvvene Scipio Pharmeas A nevve â—oddâ— of Manlius to Nepheris â–ª A letter to Scipio Phameas yeeldeth to Scipio Phameas to hys Capâ—taynes Hanno the vvhite The great dungeon Scipio and Phameas to Rome The peoples opinion of Scipio 〈…〉 â–ª Hypozareta This citie of Hâ—pâ—â— vâ—â—â— builded of the horsemen and vvas the Country of S. Aâ—â—stâ—â— Another Hâ—â—po vvas builded in the Fenne and called therfore Dâ—lâ—tus builded also by the horsmen They burne the Consullâ— munition Bythiâ—â— reuolteth to the Carthaginiâ—ns The Carthaginians procure friendeâ— The lustinesse of the Carthaginians Asdrubal vvithout accuseth Asdrubal vvithin Asdrubal vvithin is killed Edises had rule of houses and prouision Aucthoritie of people Scipio is chosen Consull before his tyme and the Lavve broken for oâ—â— yeare by example of the â—acedemonians Pylus a cittie or tvvo iâ— Pelopeâ—â—so Scipio is appointed to Libya by the people Piso attempteth the vvall Mancinus giueth a rashe attempt Mancinus in danger Scipio at his arriuall doth a seate Mancinus is â—â—â—â— and beaten Scipio saueth Mansinus Serâ—nâ—â— Asdrubal Bythias Lavv of â—â—mâ—â— The exhortatioÌ„ of Scipio to the souldiours that vvere out of order Exampleâ— good lesson Megara one of the strong places of Cartbage Scipio gaynerh a Tovver Great alteratioÌ„ in Carthogâ— The crueltie of Asdrubal Crueltie oute of time The Carthaginiâ—ns fles into Byrsa VVorkes of Scipio The great treÌ„ch that Scipio madâ— Straightnesse of victuall in Carthage The only vvay to victuall Carthage Asdrubal feedeth his souldioures Scipio stoppeth the part of Carthage The Carthagies make a nevve port and nevv shippes Carthagies come forth vvith a nevv nauy and lose their occasion Fate vnresistable The fight on the sea by the Carthagies Carthagies giue place and confounde themselues A feate of the Sidents The Carthagies run vpoÌ„ the Romanes munition vvith desperatnesse Feare in the Romanes Campe. Scipio is forced to kil his ovvne solliors to kepe them sroÌ„ flying The Carthagies trenche gotten Scipio end miageth the Carthaginians by lande The asiaulte at â—â—pheris Nepheris takâ—â— vvith a greaâ— slaughter Victual kept â—â—â— Carthage Agatho one of the port of Carthage Laelius assault Three streeteâ— to Byrsa The miserable murder The attempt against Byrsa Grieuous fight Scipios pain and abstinence Aesculapius temple Carthagies aske pardon and. 50 thousand goe out of Byrsa Renavvayes of Rome Asdrubal flyeth to Scipio The fugitiues set themselues on fire The death of Asdrubals vvife Scipio vvrepeth at the sight of Carthage ouerchrovvne Mutations of states in the vvorlde The vvordes of Scipio Polibius vvas schoolemaister â—â— Scipio borne in Arcadia Scipio giueth the spoile to the soldioures Scipio giueth nâ—o giftes to them that spoiled Appollo The goodnesse of Scipio The Romane make feastes of the report of the nevves Remembraunce of former vvar in Rome Supplications made at Rome Ten men sent into Libya The inhabitaÌ„ce of Carthage forbidden Puniâ—hments Revvardes 〈…〉 triâ—pheth Pseudophilippus Andrsâ—uâ— counterfaited to hee Philippeâ— sonne King of Macedonie Mummius vvas Corinth C. Gracchus vvas brother to Semproâ—us Gracchus The plaâ— of the habitation at Carthage is confounded A vision that Caesar had caused a nevve citie to be made not faâ—re from the olde by his successoâ— Octauius The Author calleth Augustus Iulius Caesar Partâ—â—â— a Region of Assyria the inhabitaunce of the vvhich came out of Syria Gabinius is banished for making vvarâ—e vppon Aegipt Crassus Bibulus Saxa Caesar â–ª Pompey â–ª Crassus Proâ—nces by lotte Pompey
AN AVNCIENT Historie and exquisite Chronicle of the-Romanes warres both Ciuile and Foren Written in Greeke by the noble Orator and Historiographer Appian of Alexandria one of the learned Counsell to the most mightie Emperoures Traiane and Adriane In the which is declared Their greedy desire to conquere others Their mortall malice to destroy themselues Their seeking of matters to make warre abroade Their picking of quarels to fall out at home All the degrees of Sedition and all the effects of Ambition A firme determination of Fate thorowe all the changes of Fortune And finally an euident demonstration That peoples rule must giue place and Princes power preuayle With a continuation bicause that parte of Appian is not extant from the death of Sextus Pompeius second sonne to Pompey the Great till the ouerthrow of Antonie and Cleopatra after the vvhich time Octauianus Caesar had the Lordship of all alone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 JMPRINTED AT LONDON by Henrie Bynniman Anno. 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir â—â— Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle WHAT care the almightie King of Heauen hathe of the Princes and States of the earthe though sacred Scripture did not teache vs Prophane doctrine might instruct vs. Homer shevveth that God throvveth his shielde in the vvarre to defende the Prince from harme and that he appoynteth to euerye gouernour a peculiar God for his protection Hovv God plagueth them that conspire againste theyr Prince this Historie declareth at the full For of all them that coniured against Caius Caesar not one did escape violent death The vvhich this Author hathe a pleasure to declare bycause he vvould affray all men from disloyaltie tovvard their Soueraigne The greatest seruice that men can doe is to saue theyr Countrey from daunger The Romanes gaue him a crovvne that saued one Citizen Then hovv many crovvnes deserueth he that helpeth to saue a number They vsed to make a coyne for his commendation vvith this inscription The Senate and people of Rome for Citizens saued Cicero vvas called Father of the Countrey bycause hee kept it from decay All they that in theyr consultations do seeke the like benefite to their Countrey doe deserue the like revvard and prayse and in the testimonie of good meÌ„s hearts they are sure to haue it Then seeyng this Authoures onely purpose is to extoll the princely rule and to procure the safetie of the people I haue presumed to make a presente of hym to youre Honoure that you being in case to do the like good maye receyue the same triumph of your desert Hovv vvorthy the VVryter is to be redde I referre it to the vvitnesse of one vvorthy Prelate of this laÌ„de vvho as he sayd of Plato shal suffice for a multitude Further vvith the manner of the Authoures vvriting I doe not meane to trouble you himselfe shall tell your Honour that such as be in your case may bring to passe that he desireth to the glory of God the honour of the Prince the benefite of the Countrey and renoume of your selfe Your Honoures seruaunt most duetifully bounden H. BINNIMAN The Preface of the Authour THe Romaine people and the Senate did many times contend for makyng of Lawes releasing of debts deuision of landes or electioÌ„ of officers yet was there no tumult nor vprore but onlye discorde and debates in â—iuill maner and that was done with great reuerence one to another The people on a time hauing bene at warre and falling into like contention did not abuse their armour presentlye but stept aside vnto an hil which therof was called Holy where was no violence done but a creation made of an officer of themselues whom they called Tribune of the people to be a restraint to the Consuls chosen by the Senate that they shoulde not haue the only rule â–ª in the Common wealth Of this great hatred and variance grew betwéene these officers the Senate and the people being deuided for them and styrred by ambition sought the one to ouer-rule the other Martius Coriolanus in such a conteÌ„tion beyng vniustly banished fled to the Volscians and made warre against his countrey This only feate of force should a man finde among the old strifes which neuerthelesse was the act of an outlawe But in their common metings was neuer weapon drawn nor â—iuill murder done before Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the people and a deuiser of the Lawes did firste perishe in sedition and many moe with him taken in the Capitol were slain about the Temple Notwithstanding discorde ceassed not by this disgrace euery man being euidently bente against other bringing many times their weapons and now one officer and then an other by this diuisioÌ„ was dispatched in the temples in assemblies and in Courts the Tribunes Pretors or Consuls eyther prouoking to it or working this occasion of it Uncomely contumely of euery trifle and foule contempt of law and right did euer play a part This euil growing great manifest insurrections wer made against the state mightie and fierce armyes were raysed against the countrey banished meÌ„ striuing for restitutioÌ„ or magistrates contending among themselues for offices at home or army abroade Some there were in power like princes and as Monarkes made leaders of seditious armies some would not leaue the army that was deliuered them of the people some without authoritie would leuie straunge souldiers against their enimies striuing whether of theÌ„ should first get the Citie in word against the coÌ„trary factioÌ„ but in déede against the countrey for they inuaded it as an enemy Cruell murders were vsed in some in others proscriptions to deathe banishments consiscations torments intollerable so as no kinde of crueltie was left undone till Cornelius Sylla one of the mightie Captaines of rebellion fifty yeares after Gracchus healing euil with euil made himselfe a Monarke for a time the which kinde of officers they called Dictators vsed in most daungerous times and commonly giuen ouer after sixe monethes were ended But Sylla being in déede Dictator by force perpetuall yet in speach pretending to be elected when he had his fill of that rule alone was the first man as I thinke that durst fréely giue ouer a Tiranicall power affirming he woulde aunswere for his doings if any woulde accuse him and in the sighte of all sortes as a priuate man many times he went to the common place and returned home againe without hurte Suche a feare was there yet of his aucthoritie in them that beheld hym or an astonishmente of the resigning of it or a reuerence that hée offered to aunsweare for hys doyngs or some other curtesie and consideration acknowledging his Tyranny to haue bene profitable to the countrey Thus a while sedition ceassed with Sylla and there was a remedie of the euils that Sylla had done but after hym it began againe til Caius Caesar by election
sent to gouerne Fraunce after a long time being coÌ„mauÌ„ded by the Senate to giue ouer he aunswered that it was Pompey his enimie leading an army in Italy repining at his authoritie in Fraunce that sought to remoue him not the Senate Yet notwithstaÌ„ding he propounded coÌ„ditions That eyther both of them shoulde reteyne their armyes to anoyde suspition of perill Or that Pompey also should leaue his power and liue a priuate life according to the lawes Obteyning neyther of these he marched out of Fraunce against Pompey and his countrey the which he inuated and hym being fledde he pursued into Thessalie and ouercame him verye victoriously in a valiant battayle whom fléeing from thence hée followed into Egipt where he was slaine of that countrey men And when he hadde tarried and set a stay among the princes of Egipt and ouerthrown his greatest enemy who for his worthynesse in the warres was surnamed Great no man nowe being bolde to do anything against him he returned to Rome and was chosen the second Dictator perpetuall after Sylla Then al sedition ceassed out of hande tyll Brutus and Cassius eyther for enuye of his greatnesse or for zeale of their countrey kylled him in the Senate house being most accepted to the people and most expert in gouernement The people of all other most lamented him required his strykers to be punished they burned his body in the common place where they erected a temple and sacrifised vnto him as to a god Then discord reuued and increased so farre as slaughter bannishmente attendures both of Senate men and Gentlemen followed confusedlye the seditious of both sides séeking to sequester his enemye he cared not howe not sparing friendes nor brethren So muche did deadly desire of debate ouerwhelme al natural friendship and alliaunce Yea they wente so farre as thrée men that is to say Lepidus Antony and he that first was called Octauius who being of Caesars bloud and his son by adoption toke of him the name of Caesar did deuide the Romaine Empire as a priuate possession after the whiche deuision falling soone out as was none other lyke Octauius Caesar excéeding them both in wysedome and experience fyrste berefte Lepidus of Liâ—bia which fell vnto him by lotte and then ouerthrew Antonie at Actio and toke froÌ„ him al the rule he had from syna to the Duke of Iomaâ— after these most mightie actes wherewith all men were amased with hys nauy he wanne Egipt the gretest kingdome and of longest continuance after Alexanders reigne and only lefte to make the Romaine state as it is by the which being yet aliue he was of the people of Rome called Augustus and the firste that so had that title He shewed himselfe to be another Caesar yea more mightie than Caesar was as wel touching the subication of his owne countrey as of all other nations not néeding any election or forme of creation to be a pretence to his doings In continuance of time being setled in his state and in all things happy and beloued he left behind him a succession and a lynage to raigne likewise after him Thus the Common welth of the Romaines after diuerse debates came to vnitie and the rule of one How these things were done I haue written gathering the most notable matter that they that lyste may sée the vnsatiable ambition of men in gréedy desire of kingdome ioyned with intollerable paynes and innumerable kindes of calamities The which I haue the rather takeÌ„ in hand bicause dealing with the Historie of Egipt and al these things going before and ending there I was compelled to make rehersal of theÌ„ For by this occasion was Egipte also conquered when Cleopatra toke parte with Antony Now bycause of the multitude of matters I haue deuided them thus The first shall shewe the thyngs done from Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelius Sylla The seconde shall conteine al the actes from that time vnto the death of Caesar The rest shall declare all the dissention that was betwéene the thrée men one against an other and the Citizens of Rome and them vntill the last and greatest feate of Ciuill force in the whyche Augustus ouercame Antonie and Cleopatra at Actio from the which time the Chronicle of Egipt shal take his beginning ¶ The Historie of Appianus Alexandrinus of the Ciuil dissentions of the Romaines The first booke WHen the Romaines first conquered Italy whych they did by little little they toke part of the land and buylded new Cities or sent of their owne people to inhabite the old that by this meane they might be sure of the countrey The grounde that was tilled eyther they distributed or sold it or let it to ferme to the inhabitants The wast which by reason of the warre was very much not hauing euer leysure to make diuision of it they proclaymed in this sort to them that would manure it For the yearely increase of séede grounde they required the tenth part For the places planted with trées and woode they would haue a fifth part For Cattel eyther great or small they appointed a tribute accordingly Thys they did for the maintenaunce of the Italian nation whom they accounted to be men of best seruice that they might always in the wars haue the vse of that were their owne but it came soone otherwise to passe for the rich meÌ„ hauing got the greater part of the vndeuided lande prosumed vpon long prescription of time that no man would molest them and the poore mens small portions lying nygh them either they boughte for a little by persuasion or they encroched to them by very violence and oppression so as now in steade of Manour places they had as it were whole countries bycause they would not haue their husbandemen called anye time awaye to the warres they bought theyr Hynes and Herdes to laboure the grounds and would not sette their countrymen to any worke at all by reason whereof theyr gaine was incredible as well for the yearely profit of their possessions as for the multitude of encrease of those slaues whyche were neuer called to y warre Thus the great meÌ„ grew excéeding riche and euery place was ful of â—crutle generation but the Italians fel into decaye and wante of men and were also oppressed with pouerty by occasion of their continuall pressing to the war and dayly exactions put vpon them And if at any time they were eased of these they felt a further incoÌ„uenieÌ„ce for where they had no land of their owne the rich meÌ„ being Lords of al and they vsing the labour of bondmen in steade of frée men the Italians were vtterly corrupted with rest ydlenes The people of Rome was much offended herewith bicause they could not haue such seruice of the Italians as they had before and whensoeuer they made any expedition abroade they were not without daunger for the great multitude of bondemen at home they could not tel
reteyne his office and so he did at whyche time Octauius nothing abashed made resistance againe Wherefore Gracchus put the matter firste to the vayces and when one company had giuen against Octauius Gracchus turned to him and prayed him to leaue his purpose but he cared not for it and so they procéeded There was fiue and thirtie companies whereof seauentéene had giuen against him with greate furie and where y eyghtenth should haue determined the matter Gracchus againe in the sighte of the people lamentably desired him that being in that daunger he woulde not hynder so profitable and honorable an acte to all Italy nor to withstande so greate desire of the people whyche he ought to further béeyng a Tribune nor to suffer the disgrace of losing hys office Thus hée spake and called God to witnesse that agaynste hys wyll hys fellowe was deposed But when no persuasion woulde serue hée made the decrée Octauius béeyng depriued he secretely conueyed hymselfe away Quintus Mummius was chosen Tribune in his place The lawe of landes was pronounced and the firste officers appoynted to sée it executed was Gracchus hymselfe the lawmaker and a brother of hys name and Appius Claudius hys father in lawe So muche dyd the people feare that all the laboure of the lawe shoulde bée lost vnlesse Gracchus and all hys familie hadde the execution of it Gracchus was maruellously magnifyed for thys lawe and accompanyed of the people to his house as a preseruer not of one Citie or Countrey but of all the nations of Italy Thys béeyng done they that had the day returned to the landes in the Countrey from whence they came for that purpose but they that lost the day remayned discontented and talked that Gracchus shoulde not escape blame when he shoulde bée out of office that durst violate a Magistrate of so greate authoritie and gyue occasion of so manifest sedition in Italy Nowe was it Sommer and the tyme of choosing Tribunes at hande It séemed that the ryche woulde so laboure as the office should bée gyuen to some of Gracchus greatest enimies The tryall béeyng at hande and hée afrayde that hée shoulde not bée elected Tribune for the yeare to come called people out of the Countrey to gyue voyce in the election but they béeyng occupyed in Sommer businesse and the daye drawyng nygh hée was compelled to make the people of the Citie hys refuge and wente aboute to euery one aparte to desire them to make hym Tribune agayne béeyng in daunger for theyr sakes When the daye was come the two firste companyes chose Gracchus but the ryche men cryed that it was not lawfull for one to bée Tribune twyce togyther Rubrio a Tribune to whose turne it came to bée chiefe of the election doubted of the matter Mummius successor to Octauius prayed hys fellowe to committe the order of the election to hym whyche hée dyd but the other Tribunes affyrmed that thys must be tryed by lotte for where Rubrio hadde hys turne the appoyntmente dyd apperteyne to them all The contention béeyng greate and Gracchus hauyng the worse he deferred the discussing tyll the nexte daye and béeyng vtterlye discouraged although yet in office he remayned the rest of the whole daye in the common place beséechyng euerye man to bée hys helpe as though he shoulde streyghte haue bin destroyed of hys enimies The poore men were moued wyth compassion and consideryng that they were not vsed indifferently as Citizens but rather as slaues to the lust of the ryche and fearyng for Gracchus state who suffered for theyr sake with lamentation they all broughte hym to hys house at nyghte and bade hym bée of good chéere agaynste the nexte daye Gracchus béeyng thus encouraged assembled hys parte in the nyghte and gaue them a watchworde to fyghte it out if néede required Then hée went to the Temple of the Capitoll where the election shoulde bée and when the assemblie was come togyther and hée in the myddest of them some of the Tribunes and the ryche men woulde not suffer the election to procéede for hym wherefore hée gaue hys watche worde they that were priuie to it made a greate shoute and beganne the fray some stoode aboute Gracchus to guarde hys person some tore the seates some wrang the roddes and maces out of the Sergeantes handes some rente asunder euerye thyng and bet the ryche menne out of the place wyth suche a tumulte and terroure as all the Tribunes ranne awaye and the Priestes shutte the Temple dores The flying and running was confused and the spéeche not well vnderstanded Some thoughte that Gracchus hadde deposed an other Tribune for spying none of them there it was lyke to bée so Some thoughte hée hadde made hym selfe Tribune agayne wythoute anye Election In the meane time the Senate assembled in the Temple of Faith. Surely I maruell that where the office of one ruler had many times before preserued the state in like troubles that now they dyd not choose a Dictator In former times it was founde most necessarie but nowe neyther in memorie nor after cared for When the Senate as wel as they could had resolued what was to be done they went vp to the Capitoll and Cornelius Scipio Nasica by the name of chiefe Bishop led the way and spake with a loude voice that they should follow him that would haue their Countrey safe Then he pulled the skirte of his gowne ouer hys head eyther to giue a token by his garmēt that the more might followe hint or for a signe to them that sawe it that he woulde fight or for that he would as it were hide from the Gods what he meant to do Being come to the Temple and thrusting in among Gracchus route they gaue place vnto him as to a most worthy man whome they sawe all the Senate follow then dyd his company wring the weapons out of the others handes and gathered the péeces of the broken seates with any other things that they could get in the place and bet Gracchus part so violently as they droue them to the brinke of the hill in the whyche tumulte Gracchus was slayne and many with him at the Temple dores before the Images of the Kings Thus Gracchus béeyng some of that Gracchus that had bin twice Consull whose mother was Cornelia daughter to Scipio that conquered Affrica meaning well to his Countrey but going aboute it vndiscretely was slayne in the Capitoll being yet Tribune As this was the firste mischiefe that was done in the place of election so did it not ceasse till many more were done from tyme to time The Citie was deuided into wo and ioy for Gracchus death some lamented for themselues as well as for him that the present state was no more a common wealth but rather a Cōquest and crueltie Other reioyced at that was done whereby they had obteyned their purpose This was done whē Aristonicus contended with the Romaines for the Lordship of
Asia Gracchus being thus slayne and Appius Claudius dead straight way Fuluius Flaccus Paperius Carbo and Gracchus the yonger tooke vppon them the defence of the law and where the possessioners denyed their lands to be surueyed they made Proclamation that the ouerseers should acuse them of the whiche grewe a multitude of difficult matter for all the lande adioyning togither whither it was solde or deuided to their companions in warre came to bée examined how it was sold and how it was diuided Euery man had not his conueyance nor the portions appoynted them and they that had were found doubtfull And where lande should bée diuided agayne according to the order some of the owners must be put from their groundes and manors to barren séede and from frutefull and well planted places to Fennes and marrish groundes And where at the béginning of the lands conquered there was no great certentie kept now that by decrée all land diuisible must be laboured many had entred vpō their neighbors boundes whereby the forme of the places were confounded and time hadde so altered the rest as it was hard to find the wrong that the rich had done although it were great so was there nothing but confusion euery one changing chopping into others right The Italians were very much gréeued at this sharpe dealing of the commissioners and made sute to Cornelius Scipio that ouercame Carthage to be their defence againste those iniuries who for that he had had there good seruice in the warres was much gréeued they shoulde be misused wherefore he came into the Senate house where he did not directlye speake agaynste Gracchus lawe but shewed the difficultie of the matter and wished it should not be determined of them that had the dealing of it bycause of suspition but of some other that might be thought indifferent the which he quickly obteined as a thing reasonable Tuditanus the Consull was appointed to be the iudge but he entring into the cause and finding it so intricate toke in hande a voyage againste the Illirians séeking that occasion to be ridde of this They that were first appointed for the diuision bycause no man required iustice of them did nothing in the same Héere of an hatred and grudge of the people did growe againste Scipio that he woulde haue more care of the nations of Italie than of the people of Rome whyche for hys sake had dyuers tymes gotten the displeasure of the greate men and twice made him Consull before he might so be by the lawe This beyng knowen his enimies spake manifestly agaynst hym affyrming that he went aboute vtterlye to breake Gracchus lawe by force and violence whyche when the people hearde they were afrayde tyll Scipio in an euening takyng a payre of Tables to note what hée woulde say the next day was founde dead without any wound eyther by the practise of Cornelia mother to Gracchus that hys lawe shoulde not be fordone and by the helpe of Sempronia hyr daughter who was married vnto Scipio whome she loued not nor he hir for that she was foule and barren or rather as some thynke that hée kylled hymselfe bycause he could not fulfill hys promise Some saye that hys seruauntes béeyng racked confessed that certayne straunge men vnknowen to them were lette in at the backe dore and that they did choke their maister and bycause they sawe the people angry with him and to bée glad of his deathe they durst not bewray it Thus dyed Scipio and was not thoughte worthy a publike funerall although he had done so great seruice to his Countrey So muche could presente displeasure preuayle ouer benefytes passed This happe gaue courage to Gracchus faction although the diuision of landes was diuerslie deferred by the possessioners wherof some thought good that all companions in warre shoulde be called to the fréedome of the Citie to make the benefyte the more common and so leaue the contention for land The Italians accepted this very gladly and preferred the fréedome of the Citie before the lande in the Countrey Fuluius Flaccus being Consull and a diuider of land was a great doer in this matter but the Senate did not allowe that they that were their inferiours shoulde now become their fellowes so this deuice tooke no place and the people that was in hope of the diuision was vtterly discouraged till Caius Gracchus brother to him that made the lawe of landes was thoughte the most méete man to be a Tribune who since hys brothers deathe had liued in rest and though many of the Senate enuyed hym yet he stoode for the office and obteyned it with great glory He deuised to deceyue the Senate by makyng a lawe that the people should haue a distribution of a monethes Corne of the common store whiche thing was neuer séene before whereby streight he wanne the peoples heartes and Fuluius beyng his friende he was declared Tribune for the yeare to come for now there was a lawe made that if a Tribune hadde néede of furtherance to performe his promise the people afore all other should make choyce of hym and so Caius Gracchus was chosen Tribune the second time Hauing thus allured the people by his largesse he wanne also the Gentlemen by an other deuice They being in dignitie next the Senatours in the middest betwéene them and the people he turned the iudgementes diffamed by corruption from the Senatoures to the Gentlemen obiecting against them things lately committed that Cornelius Cotta Salinator and Manius Acilius who subdued Asia being opēly condemned of bribery were releassed by the Judges when the Embassadours were present goyng about and crying out vpon them with great slaunder wherof the Senate béeyng ashamed gaue place to the lawe the people proclaymed it Thus were these iudgements translated from the Senatoures to the Gētlemen When this law was made Gracchus as they report sayd he would dispatch the Senate quickly which saying was found true by that followed thereof for where the Gentlemen had the iudgements of corruption banishment and diffamation whyche they vsed extreamely ouer the Romaines and the Italians yea the Senatours themselues all the Gentlemē were like Princes extolled and the Senatoures like slaues deiected beside forth the Gentlemen ioyning with the Tribunes in elections to gratifye them againe in euery thing they would The Senatours were fallen into so great a feare as though the state should streyghte haue bin changed they only hauing the name and the Gentlemē the authoritie who in processe of time did not only ouerrule the Senatours but did them open spight against all lawe They dealte with matters of corruption and felte so of continuall gayne as they vsed theyr authoritie more rigorouslye and moderately They brought in priuie accusours against the rich and by their faction and force ouerthrew the lawes of corruption so as the custome of triall of iudgementes was vtterly ouerthrowne and a new disturbance concerning lawes
this meane tyme Scipio the Consull threw downe a Theatre that Lucius Cassius had begun and almost ended eyther as an occasion of new sedition or for that he woulde not haue the Romaine people acquainted with the Greekes pastimes Q. Metellus a maister of maners minded to haue remoued Glaucias that had bin Consul and Apuleius hauing bin Tribune from their dignitie for their euill life but he coulde not do it bycause his fellowe was againste it A little while after to be reuenged of Metellus Apuleius laboured to bée Tribune againe bycause Glaucias was Pretor should be chiefe in the election but Nonius a noble maÌ„ vsing frée spéech agaynste him reprouing Glaucias was chosen Tribune They fearyng that he being in authoritie would punish them sent a band of busie fellowes as he went from the election and killed him entring into a shoppe to saue himselfe This murther being committed they of Glaucias faction before the people could assemble agayne â—hose Apuleius Tribune earely in the morning by this meane was the deathe of Nonius not followed men being afraide of the Tribune Metellus was banished by y help of C. Marius now sixe times Consull who bearing secrete hate againste him conspired with his enimies Apuleius did make a lawe to deuide certayne landes of the Frenche wonne by the Cymbrianes whome Marius hadde driuen away as nowe no longer of the Frenche but belongyng to the Romaines and therefore might be deuided It was promised that if the people woulde allow the lawe the Senate should confirme it the fifth day by an oth and he that refused to sweare to it should be remoued froÌ„ the Senate and be coÌ„demned to the people in twenty Talents This was a deuice to be reuenged of Metellus who for his grauitie woulde not sweare vnto it The law being in this forwardnesse Apuleius appointed that day and in the meane time sent into the Countrey for such as had serued Marius in y warres to haue their help but bycause y Italian's shoulde be more aduaunced by this lawe than the Romaines the people was not content with it So discord arose in the time of the meeting Apuleius did put backe from the higher place all that were against the law The people of the Citie cryed that it thâ—ndered which when it hapned it was not lawfull for the Romaines to conclude any thing in their consultations Neuerthelesse Apuleius bande vsed violence still wherefore the Citizens girded their gownes and tooke such weapons of woode as they coulde get and resisted the Countreymen They agayne being encouraged by Apuleius stucke to it and with their staues and battes beate the Citizens so as the lawe was wonne Marius the Consull forthwith propouÌ„ded the oth and bycause he knew Metellus a constant and sound man in his purposes he firste shewed his owne opinion affirming he would not sweare and all to deceyue Metellus who sayd the same wherefore both of them beyng commended of others Marius brake vp the house The fifth daye after which was the time appoynted for the oth the Consull assembled the Senate on a suddaine about tenne of the clocke and sayde he was afrayd of the people that fauored the lawe so feruently yet he had deuised a shift and a subtiltie for it and that was this that a man might sweare to the words of the lawe so farre forthe as it was lawfull and so for the time the Countrey people mighte be sente home and after it might be well proued that it was no law which by violence and by the thundering of Iupiter was made contrary to the order of the Countrey WheÌ„ he had sayd thus euery man was silent for feare of entrapping and the suddaynesse of the time wherefore he arose and went to the Temple of Saturne where the common treasourers shoulde sweare Himselfe sware first so did his frieÌ„ds other Senators did the like for feare Only Metellus would not sweare continuing in his former sentence without dread Apuleius the nexte day sent a Sergeant to pull him out of the Courte but the Tribunes defended him Then Apuleius and Claudius ranne to the Countrey multitude affirming that they neither could haue laÌ„d nor law take place vnlesse Metellus were banished wherefore a decrée of his banishmente was made and a Proclamation from the Consull that no man should succoure Metellus neyther wyth fyre nor water and one only day was giuen him for deliberation of the matter The people of the Citie were offended and wente aboute Metellus with their weapons he thanked them for their good will but said his Countrey should not be brought into trouble for him So Apuleius pronounced the decrée of his exile and Marius confirmed it Thus was the most worthy man of the Citie banished after the which Apuleius was Tribune the third time and for his fellow one Gracchus a runnagate was appoynted reporting that he was sonne to olde Gracchus the people fauouring him for the names sake The election of the Consuls being at hand Marcus Antonius was chosen for the one without any sticking for the other Glaucias and Memmius contended Memmius was of more estimation in the Citie Glaucias and Apuleius feared themselues and sente certayne men with wasters into the assemblie whiche layde vpon Memmius and kylled him Thus was the solemne assemblie disturbed no regarde being had now of law or iustice nor reuereÌ„ce of God or man The people was gréeued at it and the nexte day gathered togither to dispatche Apuleius but he got the company of his new multitude of CountreymeÌ„ with Glaucias and C. Sapheius a treasourer and tooke the Capitoll The Senate commaunded they shoulde be taken and dispatched but Marius vnwilling to it did for a shew arme men very slowly Some there were that did cutte away the water that wente into the Temple wherefore Sapheius that could not abide the lacke of water persuaded theÌ„ to set the Temple a fyre but Glaucias and Apuleius yéelded themselues first and after so did Sapheius And where euery man called vpon their execution Marius shutte them in the Senate house as to deale with them more according to lawe But the people perceiuing this to be a delay pulled the staues of y roofe of the TeÌ„ple and neuer left throwing vpon them till they had killed all thrée whereof one was a Questor an other a Tribune and the third a Pretor and all at that time clad with the robes of their office With them also was slayne a greate number of the people entangled with their sedition and in it the other Tribune that was thought to be sonne to Gracchus the first day of the entring into his Tribuneship for now neyther libertie nor dignitie neyther law nor office was able to reéeue any maÌ„ wheÌ„ as the Tribunes office created for the repressing of wrongs and defence of the people as a sanctuary and holy thing was waxen a worker of iniuries and had iniurie done against it selfe
preparation of engines of warre They sente for Souldyers to the Cities that remayned obediente and into Fraunce their next neyghboure They also called home Cneus Pompeius the Proconsull leading an armye at the coast of the Ionian Sea to come with all spéede to serue hys Countrey He so dyd and planted hys host at the Gate called Collina Cinna came also and encamped by him Caius Marius hearing of thys passed the Sea to Hetruria with his fellowes banished and Seruauntes and there came to him aboute fyue hundred of hys friendes of Rome he with vile apparell and long heare to moue pitie wente to the Cities shewing his victories and honoures agaynste the Germanes and hys syxe tymes Consulshippe and that whyche pleased them best promised to doe for them in the lawe of elections and so hée gathered syxe thousande Toscanes and came wyth them to Cinna who gladly receyued hym into the societie of his doyngs Beyng mette togyther they ordered theyr army at the floude Tiber and deuided it into thrée partes Cinna and Carbo ouer agaynste the Citie Sertorius aboue it and Marius towarde the Sea. They made Bridges ouer the Riuer that they myghte kéepe victuals from the Citie Marius tooke Ostia and spoyled it Cinna sente to take Arimeno that no army shoulde come out of nyghe Fraunce The Consuls were afrayde hauyng néede of an other army and bycause they coulde not call home Sylla béeyng entred into Asia they commaunded Cecilius Metellus that was aboute the remnaunt of the fellowes warre againste the Samnites that he shoulde dispatche it as honestly as he coulde and come to helpe hys Countrey that was inuaded He stoode too muche vpon termes wyth the Samnites whyche when Marius hearde he graunted them all theyr demaundes and so the Samnites ioyned with Marius Appius Claudius a Captayne and kéeper of the hyll Ianiculo and the walles there hauing receyued a good turne and myndfull of the benefyte opened the gate by breake of day and so Marius entred and Cinna followed but they were soone repulsed by Octauius and Pompey that came agaynste them It chaunced so that there was greate lyghtnings that fell vpon Pompeys armye whereby he and manye noble menne were destroyed Marius kepte all victuals from the Citie that came from the Sea or aboue from the freshe water and hée rode to the nigh Cities where anye Corne was layde for the Romayne store and by suddayne comming to Antio Aritia and Lanuuio hée tooke them all and some other Cities by Treason And thus kéeping awaye victuals by lande also hée approched towarde Rome boldly by the way called Appia before any victualles coulde bée broughte from anye other place and wyth Cinna Carbo and Sertorius Camped twelue myles from Rome Octauius Crassus and Metellus dyd lye agaynste them at Mount Albano and considering for the tyme to come although they were superioure in strength and number yet hadde they a compassion to putte theyr Countrey in hazarde by one battayle Cinna sente Trumpettes aboute the Citie proclayming libertie to Seruauntes whereby a multitude of fugitiues came vnto hym The Senate was afrayde thereby and doubtyng of the people bycause of the want of thyngs in the Citie chaunged theyr mynde and sente Embassadoures to Cinna for reconciliation Hée asked them firste whether they came to hym as a Consull or as a priuate person They doubted what to answere and returned to Rome Nowe many of the fréemen came vnto him some for faction and some for feare of famine and to sée the sequeale of it and nowe proudely he approched the walles and Camped within an arrowe shotte They that were with Octauius were in feare and doubte and slowe to fighte bycause of the runnawayes and ofte sendyng betwéene the Senate was greately amazed They thoughte it vniust to depose Lucius Merula Iupiters Prieste that was chosen in Cinnas place and hadde not offended but béeyng oppressed wyth the greate myseries they sente to Cinna as Consull and as they looked for no greate good thereby so they requyred Cinna to sweare that hée woulde commytte no murther Hée resused to sweare but promised that willinglye hée woulde bee no cause of manslaughter Hée wylled also that Octauius that came in at the other gates shoulde gette hym away least some displeasure mighte be done hym agaynste hys wyll Thys he aunswered from an hygh Throne as Consull to the Embassadoures of the Citie Marius standyng nexte the Senate was silente but by hys cruell countenaunce it was perceyued that he was bente to murther The Senate accepted thys and willed Cinna and Marius to enter well knowyng that Marius dyd all and Cinna assented to it Marius spake in iestyng wyse that it was not lawfull for a banished manne to enter wherefore the Tribunes dyd reuoke the banishmente and dissolue the decrée made againste hym by Sylla Then they entred the Citie wyth the feare of all that receyued them They made spoyle of the contrarye parte wythoute stoppe Cinna and Marius sente theyr othes to Octauius but the Southsayers and Diuiners badde hym not trust them and hys friendes counselled hym to flée but hée protesting neuer to leaue the Citie whyles hée was Consull wente among them to Ianiculo with the noble men and parte of the armye where hée remayned and sate downe in the seate cladde with his robe of rule being wayted vpon wyth the roddes and axes as Consulles were wont Censorinus came agaynste hym with certayne Horsemenne hys friendes perswadyng hym to flée with hys armye and bringing hym an Horse he woulde not allowe of it nor once ryse but abode the deathe Censorinus cutte off hys heade and broughte it to Cinna and was the fyrste Consulles head that was sette vppe in the common place but after him the heads of the other that were slayne were set vp also and this mischiefe beginning with Octauius continued still in such murthers of them that were counted enimies Searchers ranne straighte aboute for to fynde their foes and there was no regarde of Senator or Gentleman nor no difference made All the heads of the Senators were put vp in the common place There was neyther reuerence of the Gods nor respect of men or anye matter made of murther but all bent to cruell actes and from actes to horible fightes killing crueltie and cuttyng off the heads of them that were kylled to the feare astonishmēt of the beholders making thereof most miserable shewe C. Lucius Iulius Bréethren Atilius Eranius P. Lentulus G. Numitorius and M. Bebius were slayne béeyng mette in the way Crassus fledde wyth his sonne and preuented them in killing him then himselfe was killed of the pursuers Marcus Antonius an orator fledde into a Forme house the kéeper whereof receyued him gentlye and hydde hym and sendyng a Seruaunte for Wyne to a Tauerne oftner than hée was wonte the Tauerner asked hym why hée boughte Wyne so ofte he tolde hym secretely in his eare then the
by treason in the nighte slewe all that were there sauing a few that fledde and tooke away the Gallies of the Citie Betwéene Carbo Sylla was a sore fight at Clusium till the Sunne wente downe when they had fought with like courage on both sides nighte did ende the fight In the field of Spoleto Pompeius and Crassas both Lieutenants to Sylla did kil thrée thousand of Carbos Souldiers and beséeged Carinna that was Camped ouer against them Carbo minded to reléeue Carinna with his other host which Sylla vnderstanding placed an embushment and as they were passing destroyed two thousand of them Carinna in the darke nighte full of rayne and showers although his enimies perceyued but cared not for it for the foule tempest he fiedde away Carbo vnderstanding that Marius his fellowe was distressed with hunger at Preneste commaunded Martius to goe thither with eyght Legions agaynste whome Pompeius lying in awayte in a straighte put them from their iourney and hauing killed many held the other as beséeged vpon an hill where vppon Martius without any companion the fiers being still kept fledde away The army laying the blame of the deceyte vpon him fell to diuision and one whole legion vnder their ensignes without anye commaundement marched to Ariminum the other wente euery man to his Countrey so as there remayned but seauen bandes with the Capsayne Martius with this infelicitie came to Carbo Marcus Lamponius from Lucania Pontius Tilisius from the Samnites and Capuanus Gutta leading seauenty thousande men came to deliuer Marius from the séege Sylla vnderstanding of it kepte them backe at a streight where they must néedes passe Marius being vtterly voyde of all helpe withoute made a forte in the playne that was large betwéene both hostes into the which he brought his army and ensignes to force Lucretius with the whiche attempting manye warres in vayne he retyred againe into Preneste At this time Carbo and Norbanus in Placentia came on the suddayne in the euening to the place where Metellus lay and being within one houre of the night amoÌ„g the Uineyards fondly and suriously set vpoÌ„ him thinking by their suddaine assault to ouerthrow Metellus but being ouercome by the iniquitie of the time and place entangled among the vines tenne thousand were slayne vj. thousand yéelded to the enimâ—e the rest ranne away and but one thousande departed in order to Arretio Another Legion of Lucanes led by Albinouanus hearing of this losse fledde to Metellus for aughte he coulde doe Albinouanus in greate rage came to Norbanus but shortlye after making a secret compact with Sylla to be assured as he should do a notable seruice he inuited Norbanus and his chiefe Captaynes to a baÌ„quet as Gaius Antipestris Flauius Fimbria his brother y in Asia had killed himself al other his officers preseÌ„t of y Camp. All the whiche being come except Norbanus who onely was absent he slew them in his tent and fledde to Sylla Norbanus hearing of the losse at Arimiâ—â— and that diuers of their armyes were fledde to Sylla supposing nowe no more trust to be in friendship as in aduersitie it hapneth tooke a priuate little boate and sayled to y Rhodes in the which place being required after of Sylla and y Rhodianes doubting what to do he killed himselfe in the middest of their common place Carbo commauuded Damasippo at Preneste to take two Legions and to deliuer Marius froÌ„ the seege but the could not do it bycause the streyghtes were kepte of Sylla All the Frenchmen that from Rauenna â—welte to the Alpes dyd reuolte to Metellus Lucullus did ouercome another part of Carbo his host at Placentia whiche when Carbo heard hauing yet thirtie thousande Souldyers at Clusie two Legions of Damasippus and many other with Carinna and Martio and a greate number of Samnites who refused no payne in passing the streightes béeyng out of al hope cowardly sayled into Lybia with his friends being yet in opinion to turne Lybia against Italy They that remayned at Clusie came to a fighte with Pompey before that Citie and lost aboute twenty thousand of their men whiche losse had the rest returned to their owne Countreys Carinna Martius and Damasippus with the Samnites met at the streightes to passe by very force which when they could not do they marched toward Rome thinking as voide of men streÌ„gth and for lacke of victual to take it They encamped at Albano tenne mâ—les off Sylla fearing that their comming myghte molest the Citie sente his Horsemenne with all diligence to encounter them by the way and himselfe with his mighty army came at midday and lay at Porte Collina a little from Venus Temple The enimies encamping also at the Gates of the Citie a great fight beganne a little before the Sunne set In the ryght wing Sylla had the better the left wing hauing the worse fledde to the Gates The olde men that were there séeing the enimie also comming among the other let downe the Portculice and killed many whereof some were Senatoures and some Gentlemen The other of force and necessitie turned to their enimyes and fought all night with a great slaughter In this battell was slayne Telesinus and Albinus both Pretors and theyr Campes taken Lamponius Lucanus Martius Carinna and other Captaynes of Carbos faction fledde Greate was the slaughter at this fighte for it is saide there was slayne about fiftie thousand and aboue eyght thousand takeÌ„ prisoners and bycause the greater part of them were Samnites Sylla caused them all to be shotte to death The next day Martius and Carinna were brought captiue vnto him whome he did not pardon after the Romaine manner but put them to death and sent their heads to Lucretio to nayle them on the wall at Preneste which when the Prenestines saw and hearing that al Carbos armies were destroyd and Norbanus fledde out of Italy and that the rest of Italy with the Citie of Rome were for Sylla they did yéelde the Citie to Lucretiâ— Marius hidde himselfe in a Caue and shortly after killed hymselfe Lucretius cutte off his head and sente it to Sylla who hanged it vp in the common place giuing him this taunt for his yong yeares to be a Consull A man must firste be a Mariner before he can be a Maister When Lucretius had receyued Preneste he kylled part of the Senatoures that were for Marius and part he putte in prison all the which Sylla at his comming put to deathe and commaunding all the Prenestines to come without armour into his Campe he chose of them suche as he thoughte had done hym seruice whiche were but few The other he deuided into thrée partes Romaines Samnites and Prenestines He pardoned the Remaines although as he tolde them they had deserued death Both the other he commaunded to be done to death with dartes The women and the children he suffered to goe away frée The Citie he sacked
roddes and the axes he layd away The gard of his person he remoued and weÌ„t alone with his friends in the middest of the people the multitude beholding and amazed at the thing Only once as he went home a yong man reuiled him and bycause no man did forbid him hée tooke courage to giue him euill laÌ„guage til he came to his house so as he that before was so furious against the greatest men and Cities could now patiently suffer this yong man only thus hée said entring his house either by natural reason or by a diuinatioÌ„ of things to come This yong man will be the let that an other man hauing such authoritie wil not so giue it ouer which thing shortly after happened to that Romaines for Caius Caesar would not so leaue his power Surely Sylla appeareth to be in al things vehement from a priuate man to make himselfe a Tyrant and from that to be a priuate man againe This done he gaue himselfe to quietnesse of y Countrey went to Cuma a Citie of Italy to hys owne lands leading a quiet life at the sea side and sometime huÌ„ting in the field not for any misliking of the priuate life in the citie nor for want of power to enterprise any thing that he would for for his age he was in good strength and of body very â—ound About Italy he had an hundred and twenty thousande men that lately warred vnder him which had receiued great gifts much land of him and in the citie there were tenne thousand of Cornelians and other multitudes of his factioÌ„s al frieÌ„ds faithful to him and feareful to other all the which had their whole trust in him of that they had done in him reposed the suretie of all they had NotwithstaÌ„ding all this as I thinke he was wéery of war wéery of dominion wéery of the Citie therfore sought a vacation as it were and quietnesse in the Countrey After this the Romaines being deliuered of tirannie fel again to sedition for wheÌ„ they had created Caius Catulus one of Syllas faction and Lepidus Emilius of the contrary Consuls enimies one to another and readie to contend by and by it was certaine that a new inconuenience would take beginning of these â–ª They saye that whiles Sylla lay in the Countrey he had a vision that a God called him the which in the morning he told to his friends with greate spéede made his testament which being signed that day in the euening a fitte tooke him and in the night he dyed of the age of lx yeares a maÌ„ in all things most happy to his end as he was surnamed so was he fortunate in déede if he be happy that can do what hée liâ—t And there was a contention in Rome about him some would haue his body brought with great pomp through Italy to Rome ther in the common place to be honored with publike funeral Lepidus and his friendes were against it but Catulus and other of Syllas side preuailed So his body was brought through Italy in a litter of gold in royal maner numbers of musitians horsemeÌ„ and other armed multitude followed Al his Captaines LieutenaÌ„ts that had serued vnder him came to this poâ—p froÌ„ euery place in armour and as they came so were they set in order Other multitudes also repaired as neuer had bin seene at any businesse The ensignes and axes that he vsed in his dignitie were borne before and when he was broughte into the Citie greate honor and excéeding shewe didde encrease Two thousande Crownes of Golde and more were of purpose made and presented The gifts of Cities of Legions that had serued him and of euery priuate friend were deliuered other ornameÌ„ts were added to his funeral the sumptuousnesse whereof no man can expresse His body being brought in with the army the religious people both holy men and sacred Virgines did receyue and beare by course the Senate and Magistrates with all their tokens of office did the like the troupes of Horsemen the bands of footemen deuided in order did attende seuerall beneuolence was shewed bringing banners of golde wearing harnesse of siluer which yet be vsed in triumphes There was a great nuÌ„ber of Trumpets which in order did sound an heauie noyse The Senate praysed him first then the Gentlemen after the army and all the people whereof some desired his life some that feared him and his army did now no lesse maruell about his dead body for remeÌ„bring in their minds the noble â—â—ates he had done and the maner of his death they could not but be astonished confessing him to be of al other though their enimie the most happie man so as being dead he was dreadfull vnto them Being brought into the common place before the Tribunall where Orations were wonte to be made the most eloquente man that then was aliue made the funerall Oration bycause Faustus his sonne was yet vnder age The noblest of the Senate did take the litter and beare it into the fielde of Mars where none was wonte to be buryed but Kings The Horsemen and the army marched aboute the fyre whiles his body was consumed This was the end of Silla The Consuls going from the funerall did contende wyth wordes and spitefull spéeche intending betwéene them to make diuision of the rule that belonged to the Citie Lepidus to flatter the Italians required they might be restored to the lands that Silla had taken from them The Senate fearing this falling out did bind them both by oth that they shoulde not contende by armes Lepidus being appointed by lotte to the prouince of France beyond the Alpes did not returne to the election bycause he intended the next yeare to make warre vpon Sillas faction without respect of his oth for it séemed he had fulfilled hys promise in kéeping of it during his office This his purpose not being secreate the Senate sent for him He not ignorant why he was called came with al hys army as though he would haue entred Rome therewith but beyng forbidden he proclaymed warre by a Trumpet Catulus of the other side did the like Not long after making a battel in the field of Mars Lepidus was ouercome and without any great chace he fled into Sardinia where beeyng vexed wyth a consuming disease he dyed Hys armye disturbed in sundry partes was dissolued the greatest part of it Perpenna led into Spaine to Sertorius The laste worke left to Sylla was thys warre of Sertorius continuyng eyght yeares with difficultie not as Romaines agaynste Spaniardes but as one with another againste Sertorius who ruled in Iberia He when Carbo and Sylla were at warre tooke the Citie of Suessa by composition as we haue said and fled from thence to his office leading wyth hym an armye of Italians and gathered more of the Celtiberians wyth whome hee expulsed the officers that were there for Sylla who
before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌ„panions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌ„pany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ„ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ„ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌ„spiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauâ—â— â–ª to coÌ„plain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â— conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌ„trie against the Romanes Lâ—â—uâ—us sent Vuiturtius of Croâ—one with theÌ„ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌ„municate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌ„ding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌ„fessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much â—â—o bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destâ—â—te â—â— Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â— were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌ„mitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne â–ª the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ„ of Lentulus Câ—tâ—â—gus got many artificers with theÌ„ and weÌ„t to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comâ—nly crecute the decrées therby coÌ„sider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌ„spiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâ—tremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌ„t manâ— allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ„ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌ„mon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ„ that were in the common place and told theÌ„ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌ„selues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare â–ª receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into 〈◊〉 for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sâ—â—ne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâ—in in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ„ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ„ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte 〈◊〉 mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred 〈…〉 was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than h◠〈◊〉 worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo 〈◊〉 and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing 〈◊〉 hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâ—â—â—e where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bâ—â— thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâ—â—â— til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâ—e day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌ„ph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
Cicero that hée hadde contrarie to lawe putte to death Lentulus and Cethegus before the Senate had giuen sentence Cicero that in that matter had vsed moste noble courage nowe being called to answere was verye fainte harted Hee put on a mourning vesture and ful of wéeping and sorrowe he humbled himselfe to all that he met in the streates not beeing ashamed to trouble them whom he neuer knew so that his behauior was so vnséemely that they which should haue pitied him laughed him to scorne to so great fearfulnesse for one cause of his owne was he fallen that all his life had done most gloriously for others euen as they say Demosthenes of Athes was not able to answere in his own cause but before he was condeÌ„ned fled away Clodius with spite did mock his lowlinesse to meÌ„ abroad whereby being brought to desperatioÌ„ he also tooke a voluÌ„tary banishmeÌ„t many of his friends going forth with him and the Senate recommending him to Cities Kings Princes Clodius pulled downe hys houses both in the Citie and Country pleased hymself so well with thys act as he would néeds compare with Pompey who had then the greatest auctoritie in the Citie Wherfore he called Milo that was fellow to Clodie and a bolder man than hee putting hym in hope of the Consulship to be againste his fellow and to make a decrée for Ciceros returne supposing that Cicero woulde nowe deale with matters and actions against Clodie no more busy hymself in speaking against the presente auctoritie Thus Cicero that by Pompey was caste oute by the same was called home the sixteenth moneth after his banishment and hys house fermes were builded of the common coste He was receyued with great glory euerye man wayting for hym at the gate spending one whole daye in embracements and welcomâ— euen as hapned to Demosthenes at his returne from â—râ—â—â— In this meane tyme Caesar had done greate feates among the Frenchmen and Britains as I haue shewed in my booke of the Frenche matters and being full of riches he came to that part of Fraunce that consineth with Italy at soe sloude Eridanus to recreate his army a while after their continuall warfare From whence he sent to diuerse men greate summes of money The yearely officers by turne came to visite hym and so did the Presidents of Prouinces the Generals of armies and other noble men so as sometime there were a hundred and twenty Maceâ— about hym and more than twoo hundred Senatours some to thanke him for their offices some to seeke money and some for one thing and some for another For nowe he tooke vppon hym all thynges by the greatnesse of hys armye the abundaunce of riches and by friendeship that he had wonne of al sortes Both Pompey and Crassus sellowes of his power came to him They agréede that Pompey and Crassus should be Consulls againe and that Crassus shoulde haue the rule of the nations he had for other siue yeares and so they departed Donutius Aâ—â— barbus stoode agaynste Pompey for the Consulship and when the day was come bothe came in he night into the fielde to the election And such was the strife as it came to stâ—â—â—es till one with a sworde stroke hym that bare Aenobarbâ—â— tâ—râ—h and then euery man fled from hym He had much adoe to be conueyed home in sasety Pompeys gowne was found bloudy and borne home So nigh peril were both parts Thus Pompeyus and Crassus being chosen Consulles they decréede to Caesar other fiue yeres as they had determined the Prouinces and armies they diâ—ided betwen them Pompey tooke Spaine and Barbarie to the which he sent his friends and he remained in Rome Crassus chose Syria and the nations next vnto it for desire he had to make war vpon the Parthâ—â—ns which he thoughte would be bothe easie and profitable to his renowme But as before he weÌ„t out of the citie al tokens séemed vnlucky so the Tribunes did forbid hym to molest the Parthians that had made no fault And bycause hée woulde not regarde they made publique execration vpon hym whiche he contemning was in the same warre with hys sonne of that name destroyed and scarcely .x. M of an C. M. did escape by flight into Syria But this calamitie of Crassus is declared in the booke of the Parthian warres The Romaines being molesied with dearth made Pompey General Prouider of viâ—â—â—als and as they were wont in Pyrats war ioyned .xx. Senators with hym as assistants vnto him He sent them to euery country and made suche spéede as Rome was by by fulfilled with plentye of vâ—â—â—â—all whereby he grew into greater glory and auctoritie than he was before At this time Caesars daughter that was marryed to Pompey dyed wherfore euery man was afraide that this affinity being broken they two would contende with greate force The state of the citie was in trouble and disorder for the rulers did al for gaine and ambition with force weapons moued sedition They were not ashamed of briberie nor corruption so they might be made rich The people woulde not giue their voyces vnlesse they were hyred There was séene .viij. C. tallents putte in pawne for the nomination to an office The yearely Consuls were reiect from armies and prouinces being taken away by y power of these thrée men They that were of worst behauiour sought their gaine by armies and publike matters of the Citie by the electioÌ„s of their priuate successors by reason wherof the honest sort did vtterly leaue to rule insomuche as in this disorder the Citie was .viij. moneths without a Magistrate Pompey of purpose did winke at all this geare that the necessitie of tyme might make hym a ruler alone and now it was spoken in euery place that the only remedy to these mischiefs was the auctority of one whom it behoued to choose being mighty of power and gentle of nature signifying that Pompey had a sufficient army counted a louer of the people for his honor did leade y Senat in lyfe sober and sincere and in conuersation affable either in déede or apparaunce He in worde séemed to bée angrye at this expectation but in effect he wrought it secreatelye all that euer he coulde and willingly looked awry at the disorder of the common wealth and the lacke of officers in the same confusion And whereas â— Milo did serue his tourne against Clodie and was well beloued of the people for the returne of Cicero looked for the Consulship at due time required for that office he did kéepe hym backe by delaying the election Wherefore Milo taking it vnkindly that hee shoulde finde Pompey vnfaithfull wente into the Countrey to Lauâ—â—to which Citie they saye Aencas commyng from â—â—oy did first builde in Italy being from Rome aboute eightéene myles Clodie came ryding from hys house and met hym at 〈…〉 and passed the one by the other onely
violence or by gentlenesse There was â—â—éeing and renning away from euery place with muche feare and remouing without reason and lamente not yet knowing what the truth was supposing that Caesar was come to inuade with all his might and power Which when the Consuls heard not suffering Pompey to take the stayed way of warre according to his skilfulnesse in the same forced him to goâ— about Italie and make men as the Citie should by and by haue bin taken The other Senatoures hearing of Caesars suddaine approche beyonde all opinion were afraide bycause they were not yet prepared and with griefe repented they had not accepted Caesars offers which then they thoughte reasonable Many Monsters and tokens from heauen did afray them God sente downe rayne of bloud Images did sweate lightnings fell vpon manye Temples a Bule broughte forthe many other fearefull tokens did foreshew the ouerthrow and mutation of the common state Supplications were commaunded as in common calamities The people remembring the times of Siâ—la and Marius crâ—ed cut that Caesar and Pompey should giue ouer their powers as the only way to ceasse warre Ciceâ—â— sent to Caesar for reconciliation but the Consuls were againste euery thing and Fauonius iested at Pompey for a word he once spake that at his call he woulde strike the earthe with his foote and fetche forthe an army You shall haue it quoth he if you wyll followe â—â—â— and thinke it no griefe to leaue Rome and after Rome Italie to if néede be for places and houses be not strength and libertie but men wheresoeuer they be beare these with them and when you haue reuenged youre selues you shall haue houses ynough This spake Pompey as it were threatning them that would tarry and sticke to leaue their lands for the leue of their Countrey And streyght hée wente out of the Senate house and Citie too and tooke hys iourney to Capua to the armye there and the Consuls followed him Other tarried wyth greate doubte and kepte that nyghte togyther in the Senate house but when daye was come the most parte went out and followed Pompey Caesar followed Domitius at Corfinio who was sent to be his suâ—â—essoure hauyng not aboue foure thousande and beséeged him And they of the Citie perceyuing that Domitius woulde flée away kepte the gates and tooke hym and broughte him to Caesas He curteously receyued the army yéeldyng vnto hym that other myghte bée encouraged to the same and suffered Domitius vntouched wyth all hys money and substance to goe where he would thynkyng for that gentlenesse he woulde haue tarryed wyth hym and was not againste hym to goe to Pompey These thyngs béeyng thus done of the suddayne Pompey wente from Capua to Brunduse to passe the Ionian Seas to Epirus to make hys prouision for warre there he wrote to all nations Lieutenants Princes Kyngs and Cities euerye one with all the spéede they coulde to contribute to thys warre These were dispatched with spéede Pompeys owne army was in Spaine béeyng ready for the march when occasion shoulde call them Of the Legions that Pompey had himselfe he deliuered to the Consuls to leade from Brunduse to Epirus and they streyght sayled safe to Dirrachium whiche Towne some men of this ignorance thynketh to be Epidâ—â—nus A Barbarian Kyng called Epidamnus buylded a Citie at this Sea and of hiâ—selfe called it Epidamnus hys nephewe by hys daughter supposed to bée Neptâ—â—es sonne buylded a porte to that Citie and called â—â— Dirrâ—â— chium The bréethren of Dirrachâ—s made warre vpon hâ—m and Hercules commyng from the I le Erithea ioyned with him for parte of the lande wherevppon the Durachians as coperâ—â—oneâ— of theyr Countrey accompte hym the founder of it not denying Dirrachos but more desirous of Hercules bycause he was a God. They saye further that in thys fyghte Ionius sonne to Dirrachos was slayne of Hercules by chance and that Hercules buryed hys body and threwe it into the Sea that it myghte beare the name of him In processe of time certaine Phrigians gote the Citie and Countrey and after them a people of Illiria called Taâ—lantines after whome another people of Illiria called Liburnians wyth their swift Shyppes dyd spoyle theyr néerest neighboures and of thys it is thought the Romaines did call theyr swift Ships Liburnius wherewyth they gyue their fyrste onset in fighte by Sea. They that were driuen from Dirrachio by the Liburnians gote helpe of the Coâ—cireanes valiante men by sea and expulsed the Liburnians and so the Corcirianes makyng a mixt inhabitance it is taken to be a Greeke porte and they changyng the name as vnlucky called it Epidâ—mus by the name of the old Citie Thucidides doth name it so yet this name hath preuayled and it is called Dirrachium The Consuls and their company came to thys Citie Pompey abode at Brunduse and gathered togither the rest of the army He tarried for the Shippes that carried the Consuls He made the Towne strong to kéepe Caesar from the walles and in the euening tyde sayled with hys company leauyng the boâ—â—est Souldyers to defende the Towne the whyche also in the nyghte sayled ouer wyth gâ—â—â— winde Thus Pompey with all his armye lefte Italy and sayled into â—piro Casar stoode in doubt whyche way to turne him where to begyn the warre seeyng well that all the force on euery syde flowed to Pompey He feared the army that Pompey had in Spaine very great and expert least whiles he followed his fléeing enimie they should beset him on the backehalfe therefore he thoughte it best to trye the fielde first with these in Iberia He deuided his power in fyue partes some he lefte at Brunduse some at Hidrunto and some at Tarento as garrisons for Italy Other he sente with Quintus Valerius to get Sardinia an I le plentiful of Corne and he gote it Asinius Pollio he sente into Cicelie where Cato was Lieutenant who asked hym whether he had authoritie from the Senate or the people to enter violently into another mans prouince he aunswered that he that was Lord of Italy had sente him Cato aunswered agayne that bycause he would spare the inhabitance he woulde deferre the reuenge till another time and so sayled into Corcyra to Pompey Caesar came to Rome and comforted the people with hope and promises being stricken with the feare and memorie of Sylla and Marius euill times He said further that he woulde vse curtesie to his enimies As when he had taken Lucius Domitius he let him go with all his money vnhurt He brake the lockes of the common treasure and threatned death to Metellus the Tribune that would haue resisted him and tooke away the money that no man durâ—â— touch being layd vp there against the inuasions of France with publike execratioÌ„ to them that did stirre or remoue it vnlesse for the warre of Celtica Caesar sayd I haue ouercome those Frenche Celâ—es and haue deliuered the
all at the wall and shotte them to death as the remnaunt of hys victorie nothyng regarding though Varo prayde hym to the contrarie Thus the Romaines loste twoo legions that sayled with Curio into Libia and all the horse ministers and venturers of the Campe. Iuba returned home makyng boaste hee had done so greate a feate for hys friende Pompey At thys tyme Antonius in Illyria was ouercome of Octauius Dalabella Pompeyus Lieuetenant and another armye of Caesars at Placentia did reuolte againste their Captaines crying that they were holden in long war and not payed the fiue poundes which Caesar promised them at Brunduse Caesar hearing of it came poste from Massilia and thus spake to the souldiours that yet were in a mutenie What spéede I vse in euery thing you can witnesse wyth me this warre is holden long not by vs but by our enymies that flyeth vs you that in Fraunce by mine autoritye haue gayned wel and haue bounde your selues to me for al this warre not for a parte nowe in the myddest of the matter you forsake me you doe doe disobey your Captaines and goe about to commaunde them of whome you ought to receyue commauÌ„dement wherfore being a sufficiente witnesse to my selfe of my former affection vnto you I will nowe vse Petreius Law and of the nineth Legion from whence tumulte chieflye arose I wil put to death the tenth man. Greate lamentation was made throughout the whole Legion wherefore these Captaines on their knées prayed hym of pardon He hardly and at length grauÌ„ted and came to this only that anye 120. that were moste busie shoulde bee taken by lotte and twelue of their Captaines of bandes be put to death for one of the twelue whiche was not presente nor a medler in thys Mutenye he caused hys accuser to suffer for hym After this sorte was the sedition at Placentia appeased Caesar went to Rome and the people for feare chose hym Dictator neyther the Senate allowing it nor none officer pronouÌ„cing it but hee refusing that dignitye eyther as odious or superfluous ruling onely eleuen dayes as some say appointed Consuls for the reste of the tyme hymselfe and Seruilius Isauricus The presidents of prouinces eyther he appoynted or altered at hys pleasure Marcus Lepidus into Spayne Aulus Albinus into Sicelie into Sardania Sextus Peduceus into newe France Decimus Brutus to the people opprest with famine he gaue victualls and at their requeste pardoned al fugitiues except Milo. The people desiring also a cutting off of debte bycause thynges bare no price by reason of the wars and seditions he denyed it them but he appointed Purueyors of victualls whiche in stéede of the debte shoulde take order betwene the creditours and the debtore When he had done this he sente all hys army to Brunduse in the deade of the winter and himselfe went forth in December not tarying for the election of newe officers tyll the newe yeare that was at hand The people followed him and prayed hym to be at one with Pompey for now it was very euident that he that ouercame woulde be a ruler alone but he went on and lefte nothing that was to be done with power and spéede Pompey al this tyme made Ships and still gathered greater armies and more money He tooke fortie of Caesars shippes in the Ionian sea and wayted for his coÌ„ming He exercised his people ryding and running among them and doing euery labor beyond his olde yeares whereby he got much loue and euery man came to sée Pompeys exercises as to a spectacle Caesar had tenne legions of footemen and ten thousand French horsemen Pompey hadde fiue legions with which hée â—alled oute of Italy and as many horsemen as with them were appointed two out of Parthia the remnant of them that serued with Crassus another part that with Gabinius inuaded Egipt So had he of Italians in all eleuen legions and seauen thousande horsemen His confederates were of Ionia of Macedonia of Poloponeso and Boeotia wyth archers of Creta slingers of Thracia and all other that vse artillerie aboute Pontus Some horsemen of the weaste French some of the east of the Sirians sent by Antiochus Cilicians and Capadocians and some of Armenia the lesse Pamphilia and Pisida not al for the sight but for garrisons munitions and other seruices of the Italian army Thus he thoughte good to vse theÌ„ that none of the Italians shoulde be drawne from the daye of battell This was his army by land By Sea hée hadde syxe hundred Gallies surnished at the ful whereof one hundred were of Romaines conduct whyche hée appoynted to leade the other and many hulkes and other ships of burden wyth dyuers Admiralls whereof Marcus Bibulus was chiefe When al these thyngs were prepared he assembled as many Senatours and Romaine Gentlemen as were present and all the army into a place where he might be harde thus said vnto them The Athenienses also O friends dydde leaue their Citie to fighte for their libertye agaynste them that spoyled it they thinkyng not houses but men to be their Citie In doyng of the whyche they recouered it againe and shortly made it morâ— glorious Our progenitors likewise when the Frenche Celâ—â—â— inuaded forsooke the Cittie which Camiâ—â—us comming from Ardea did restore agayne All wyse men thynke their Countrey to be where their liberty is whyche wée consideryng haue sayled hither not leauyng oure Countrey but preparyng for it and mnâ—lye to defend it againste him that doeth violentlyâ— inuade it and by corruption and taketh Italy desolated whom you haue declared an enimy he now sends presidents into your Prouinces appoynteth some Gouernors in the Citie and somâ— in the Countrey By thys insolencie hée hathe taken from the people their authoritie and if he doth this being yet in contrition and with feare and as one that with Gods helpe shal bee punished for it what crueltie and violence thinke ye wyll hée leaue vndone that thus vseth his country if he get the victorye â–ª Some there be that take his parte for mony which he gathered in Fraunce that belongeth to you who chose rather to bée slaueâ— to him than to liue frée with vs I do not refuse the fight with you and for you but do offer my selfe a souldior or a Captaine as you wyl vse mée if I haue any experience in the war or any felicitie vnspotted hitherto I pray the Gods to graunte mée al at this present to be such a defender vnto my country in danger as I haue bin in aduancing the same Wée oughte to putte oure trust in God and in our cause which hath an honest iust desire of war for the common wealth of our Countrey in the abundance of our prouision both by sea and land whiche we already haue more in that we shal haue when we take the thing in hand For al the nations as a man may say froÌ„ y East to y Ruxine sea al y GreciaÌ„s
Barbarians be with vs al kings y be friends to â— Romains to me haue sente armies weapons vittails al other necessaries Therfore go to it chéerefully as to a thing worthy your countrey your selues me being mindâ—ul of Gâ—sar dispitefulnesse with spéede fulfil that shal be appointed you This he said Al the army and as many Senators Gentlemen as were there which was a greate and a goodly câ—â—anâ— with one voice did praise hym praied hym to leade them as he thought good Then he set some ships to kéepe the sea and sente his army to winter at Macedonia thinking Caesar woulde deser sayling ouer till after winter the tyme being harde and the seas rough and haue remayned at Rome bycause he was Consull and settle hys rule there so far amisse did he coniecture of that that was to come For Caesar as I sayd before in the midst of winter did go to Brunduse supposing he should most amaze his enimies by commyng on the sodayn Therfore neither hauing victuall nor prouision nor all his army there he called theÌ„ that were present to an assembly and thus said vnto them Neither the hardenesse of the tyme O friends that ioyne wyth mée in this moste noble enterprise neyther the delay of others nor the want of conuenient preparation doe wythdraw me from my purpose for surely I thinke that expedition is the best way for me and we that be firste here to go first on with the matter As for seruants carriage and baggage I thinke it beste to leaue behynde vs that the shippes that bee nowe here may receiue vs only as passengers and we deceiue oure ennimies and sette good fortune againste euil tyme bold courage agaynste our smal number and our ennimies plenty against our penury all the which shall be in oure power if wée thinke nothing to be our own but that we shall winne by force Let vs go therfore againste their slaues their prouision and victualles whiles they be in houses for feare of winter weather Lette vs goe whiles Pompey trusts that I spende the winter in shewes and sacrifices of a Consull You knowe that I take the chiefeste point in wâ—rres to be attempts of the sodayne It is honourable to preuent the first opinion â—f thyngs to come and to foresee â—â—re receyt there for theÌ„ y folow vs next I haue thoughte thys time méeter to hast than to stay that Pompey who thinks I am yet at Rome aboute my Consulship may sée me at hys camâ—â— and thoughe that I am wel assured of youre good willes yet ê tarry for your answere All the army cryed with great vehemencie that hee should â–ª leade them forth Then he came from hys seate and had them to the sea being fiue legions of footemen and sixe hundred horse men chosen lying at anker bycause of the roughe seas The winter Sunne was at the lowest â–ª and the winde kepte hym backe agaynste hys will and euill content who tarryed â—â— Brunduse till the first day of the newe yeare Then came there â—â— hym two legions more whome he conueyed ouer that winter â—â— hulkes for he hadde but fewe Gallies and they were lefte for the custody of Sicelie and Sardinia He was by tempest driuen to y mount Cerâ—uno from whence he sent hys nauy backe to feâ—â—â— the reste of hys army He in the night went to the Citie of Oriâ—â— and for the hard straighte and rocky way was compelled to diuide his army into many partes as the sharpenesse of the countrey myghte serue so as if hys commyng had béene knowne hee might easily haue bin kept backe Aboute the breake of the day â–ª with muche adâ— he gathered his army togither The people of the Citie saide vnto the Gouernor that it was not lawfull to kéepe oute the Romaine Consull when he came therfore the Gouernour delyuered the keyes to Caesar and continued wyth hym in place of honor Lucretius and Minuâ—ius on the other side of Orico wyth eightéen Galâ—â—is to guarde the victuall that came by shippe to Pompey drowned their ships that Caesar shoulde not take them and fled to Durazzo From Orier Caesar went to Appolonia where he was receyued of the Citizens and Stamerius the Gouernour left the Citie There Caesar calling hys souldiors togyther putte them in â—â— membraunce what they had done by good fortune in the harde winter they were Lords of the sea without shippes they hadde wonne Orico and Valona without fight they had gotten their enimies things Pompey being yet ignorant Nowe sayeth he if wée can catch Durazzo whiche is the Baron of Pompeys prouision alâ— is in our handes that they haue bin labouring for an whole Sommer When he had sayd thus he ledde them wyth speede to Durazzo a long way resting neyther day neâ— nygâ—te â–ª Pompey hearyng this came with great hast from Macedonia cutting downe the trees as he went to stoppe the way to Caesar Hee pulled downe bridges and burnt all prouision by the way thynking it as it was in deede to be a good deuice for to haue onely that preparation that mighte serue himselfe If any dust fyre or smoke were seene to eyther of them a farre off thinking it had bin of the contrary part they stroue who shoulde runne fastest sparing no time neyther from meate nor sleepe Hast there was and spéede with crying out vpon them that ledde theÌ„ with torchelightes whereof grew disorder and feare as the enâ—mies had bâ—n at their héeles some for wéerinesse threw downe their burthens or withdrew themselues aside into some corners thinking it better to be lefte behinde with present rest than to goe on to it withoute feare of the enimie Both sides taking these paynes Pompey came firste to Durazzo and encamped at the walles By his Nauie he gote Orico agayne and gaue better guard for the Sea. Caesar lay ouer against Pompey the floud Alore slowing betwéene them There were diuers skirmishes by them that passed the floud â–ª but they neuer broughte forthe their whole power for Pompey did trayne his yong Souldyers and Caesar looked for the rest from Brunduse He thoughte that if they came forthe in the Spring in greate Shippes they could not escape the Galleys of Pompey that scowred the Seas and wayted for them but if they did come forthe in Winter when the enimie must many tymes take the Ilands for their harborough they might escape them or by the winde or their waighte mighte passe through them where vpon he sente for them with great hast and bycause they came not when he looked he purposed himselfe to goe to them for that they woulde not so soone come with an other and kepte his determination secrete He sente thrée of his seruants to the floud â–ª twelue furlongs off to hire a swifte vessell of good proofe as for one that should be dispatched from Caesar He rose from the table as not well at câ—st and â—ad his friends sitte
Varus Labienus and other noble men were brought to Caesar Pompey at the beginning of the losse fledde with a hundred and fiftie horse into the Carteia where he hadde a Nauie of Shippes he came secretely to the Shippes carried in a litter and when he perceyued them there to be in feare of themselues he was in dread to be betrayed therfore tooke a boate agayne and by the way his foote hong in one of the ropes whiche one minding to cut missed the rope and hurte him in the foote but hée went on to the next village and was cured where being sought for he fledde among the bushes and desert pathes in the whyche the 〈…〉 dâ—â— prâ—â—ke his wounde so as for very wéerinesse hée sâ—â—â— him downe vnder a trée whether the searchers pursued him and he valiantly defending himselfe was slayne his head being carried to Casar and by his commaundemente buryed so thys warre at one brunte contrary to all opinion was ended A yonger brother of this Pompey called Sextus did gather the remnant of the leauings of this warre and in close maner conueyed himselfe hither and thither robbing for their liuing Nowe Caesar hauing finished all ciuill dissention wente to Rome with suche feare and opinion as neuer man before All honors that aboue mans reach could be deuised were done vnto him Sacrifices Playes and giftes as well in Temples and publike places by the companies of the Citie as by all nations and Kings confederate to the people of Rome Many diuers formes were set vpon his images of the which some had crownes of oke as to the sauioure of the countrey with the which in olde time they were honored that saued their Countrey He was named father of the Countrey and chosen Dictator perpetuall and Consull for terme yeares and touching his bodye accompted sacred and inuiolable to giue audience in a chaire of golâ—e and yuorie and continuallye make Sacrifices elad with triumphant garments They ordeined the Citie to be holy those dayes that he wan anye victories They appoynted Sacrifices and Priestes for fyue yeares and publike vowes for his preseruation and orders were made by the which all his actes were confirmed by oth And in the honor of his house the Moneth Quintilis was called Iulius Manye Temples were dedicated to him alone as to a God and one ioyntly to him and Clementie holding hande in hande Thus dyd they feare hym as a Lorde and honor him as a mercifull Minister There were that laboured to haue called him King till hée heard of it and forbad it with threats that no man shoulde once name it as detestable and vnlawfull from his auncesters Hée discharged the bands of his gard by whome he had bin defended from his enimies and wente abroade with the officers of the Citie onely He béeyng in the common place and giuing audience the Senate with the Consule going before in goodly order brought him a decrée of all â–ª these honors whiche â—e receyued gently not rising to them neyther comming nor going â–ª whyche gaue occasion of matter to them that meant to accuse him of aspiring to a Kingdome He accepted all the dignities sauing the Consulship for tenne yeares therefore willed himselfe to be declared Consull and Antonius with him that was Captayne of his Horsemen whiche office he appoynted to Lepidus to exercise the rule of Horsemen â–ª by deputies bycause he was Gouernoure in Iberia He reuoked all banishments except such as were fledde for wicked offences He pardoned his enimies and to suche as had foughte against him he gaue yearely offices and sente them to charges of prouinces and armies whiche maâ—â— the people to thinke that he woulde haue lefte them in a common wealthe as Syâ—la did when he had the like authoritie but they were deceiued One of them that would haue had the name of a King sette forwarde did put vppon his image a Crowne of Laurell wyth a wreath of a white riband Marullus and Sesetius being Tribunes apprehended him and threwe him in pâ—â—son thinking so to haue pleased Caesar aâ—one that abhorred the name of king This hée suffered patiently and where others called him King as he went out at the gates and the people sighed at it he aunswered couertly â–ª I am not King but Caesar as though they had bin deceyued in the name Marullus caused him to be apprehended that fyrste of them beganne this matter and wâ—lled hym to be broughte to aunswere in hys Courte Then Caesar coulde no longer suffer but accused Marullus and hys fellowes before the Senate as one that craftily wroughte agaynste hym by a calumniation of Tyrannie and whereas they deserued â—eathe yet he thoughte it sufficiente for them to lose theyr office and be putte out of the Senate Thys dyd most of all confirme that he coueted thys litle and that he bente all his praâ—ise to that ende and was vtterly become a Tyrante for as there was good authoritie to punish them that named any man king so was the Tribunes office holy inuiolate by lawe and auntient oth and it made the anger the shaâ—per that he woulde not tarrie the time of the office whiche when he vnderstoode hée did reâ—ent him and first perceyued that it was an harde thing to deale rigorously â–ª in peace withoute authoritie of warre Hys friends gaue him counsel to beware and that he had giuen great occasion to his aduersaries to get matter agaynst him therefore when they moued him y he would be content to haue a garde of Spanish bandeâ— â–ª he sayd there was nothing more vnhappy thaÌ„ a continual gard for it is of one that is euer afrayd Yet the practises to be a King ceassed not for sitting one day in the commoÌ„ place in a chayrâ— of golde to see the playes of Panne Antony his fellowe in office naked and annoynted as the manner was for the Ministers of that solemnitie ranne vpto Caesars seate and set a crowne on his head at the which sight few reioicing and more lamenting Caesar threw it off Antony set it on againe but Caesar reiected it The people stoode silent looking what end this woulde haue and when they saw Caesar vtterly refuse it they reioyced and highly commended him therefore Now eyther bycause he despayred or in vayne attempted or woulde auoyde the practise of so odâ—ous a thing or for that he woulde leaue the Citie bycause of some enimies or that he had regard to his health being troubled with a falling sicknesse which in rest many times came vpâ—on him he determined a greate voyage againste the Getes and Parthianes â–ª against the Getes bycause they were insolente people and quarrelling â—uer troubling the Romaine state Againste the Parthianes bycause he would reâ—â—nge Crassus deathe whome they had slayne contrary to oth and promise and so hauing an armye of sixtéene Legions and tenne thousand Horse he sent them afore to passe the Ionian Sea.
There was out of Sybils bookes an olde saying that the Parthians shoulde not be ouercome till a Kyng went against them wherefore some there were so bold to saye that as it was expedient for the Romaines to call him Dictator or Imperator or anye other name in stead of a King so that all nations subiect to the Romaine Empire should call hym king Hée refused this also and made hast to his iourney bycause he sawe he was enuyed in the Citie but whereas be tarried till the appoynted time his enimies killed him foure dayes before in â—â—â— Senate house eyther for enuie which commonly accompanyeth such felicitie auctoritie or as they said for the loue of their couÌ„treys libertie For now they knew well that thoughe hée did not ouercome those nations without doubte he woulde be a king And for this cause I thinke they tooke the enterprise agaynste him vnder the pretence of that name for thoughe hée was but Dictator in degrée it was as much as a Kyng in déede There were two chiefe in that conspiracy Marcus Brutus Cepio sonne to Brutus that was killed of Sylla whiche fled to Caesar after the calamitie of Pharsalo field and Caius Cassius that delyuered hys galleis into Caesars hand at Hellespont These two were afore of Pompeys part and now much honoured of Caesar Decimus Brutus Albinus alwayes thoughte worthy of Caesar to be vsed in honor and credite and had great affaires committed to them and in the wars in Lybia trusted them wyth armies and made them Gouernours of Prouinces Decimus of France beyond the Alpes Brutus of the same on thys side the Alpes Brutus and Cassius béeyng Pretors contended for the superioritie of the place eyther indéede who shoulde be higher or else for a pretence that they shoulde séeme to be no friendes Caesar setting order betwixte them said to hys friendes Cassius desireth right but Brutus muste be pleased With so great loue and honour did Caesar vse hym that of some he was compted hys son bicause he loued very wel Seruilia Catos sister and Brutus mother Therfore when he got the victory at Pharsalo hée gaue greate charge to hys Captayns that in any wise they should saue Brutus But Brutus either as an ingrate man or ignorant of his mothers faulte or distrustfull or ashamed or very desirous of his couÌ„trys libertie preferring it before all other things or that he was descended of the auntient Brutus that droue out the Kings or that he was incensed and rebuked of the people for manye things were written vppon the Images of olde Brutus and in the Courte hall of this Brutus secretly set vp Brutus thou takest rewardes Brutus thou arte dead O Brutus I woulde thou were aliue nowe Brutus what vnworthy posterity hast thou Brutus thou arte not come of hym These and many other lyke did inflame the yong mans mind to take the worke in hande as from his progenitor The same of making him King did still encrease and that there woulde be a Counsell for it a little before the which Cassius tooke Brutus by the hand and sayd Brutus what shall we do in that counsell shall we as Casars slatterers agrée to make hym Kyng Brutus answered I would not be at that Counsell Cassius being cheared with those wordes said what if they call vs as Officers what shall we do good Brutus I wyll quoth he defend my Countrey euen to the death Then Cassius embraced hym saying Whom wilâ—e thou take of the best being of this opinion doest thou thinke that artificers and light people do set those writings vpon thy JudgemeÌ„t place rather thaÌ„ the best Citizens of Rome which of other Pretors do looke for shews and pastunes of horse and wilde beasts but of thée they require liberty as a worke worthy thine auncestors After they had thus firste opened what they had long kept in their minds before they then dealte plamely and eche of them proued his own friends and some of Caesars whome they knewe to be méete for a bolde enterprise and they got of their friendes two brethren Cecilius and Bucâ—lâ—â—â—us theÌ„ Râ—brius Riga Q. Lâ—gaâ—iw Marcus Spurius Seruilius Galba Sextius Naso and â—oâ—â—â—us Aquila all these of their trusty friends and of Caesars familiars Decimus of whome we spake Caius Casca Trebonius Tuâ—â—us Cymbrus Minutius and Basillus These béeyng thoughte sufficient and not iudging it fit to haue anye moe they agréed together wythout othe or sacrifice and yet was there not one that changed or disclosed but only sought tyme and place The tyme was shorte bycause Caesar muste goe away the fourth daye to hys armyes and then shoulde straighte haue a guarde of Souldioures aboute hym The place they appointed the Senate house thinking though the Senatoures were not priuie yet when they sawe the â—éede they woulde helpe to it as they saye happened to Romulus who of a Kyng became a Tyranne And that thys acte euen as that béeyng doone in the place of Counsel shoulde not be thoughte a treason but a deede of the Citie voyde of dreade of Caesars army bycause it was a common consent and that honour shoulde remaine to them also as not ignorant of the whole entent Concluding vppon this they thought the Senate house the fittest place Of the maner they differed some thought good to kill Antonie also being Consull with Caesar and his greatest friend â–ª and most accepted to the armye But Brutus â—â—yde â–ª if we dispatche Caesar alone wée shall be named killers of a Tyranne bicause we deliuer vs of a king and thereof muste haue oure prayse but if we kill anye of hys friendes we shall be thoughâ—◠〈…〉 against Pompeys enimies Being all persuaded by this â–ª they looked for the next méeting of the Senate The daye before that Caesar shoulde goe to the Senate he had bin at a banquet with Lepidus Capitayne of the horsemen whither he carryed Decimus Brutus Albinus and talkyng merilye what death was beste for a man some saying one and some another he of all praised the sodaine death Thus he prophecied of hymselfe and spake in selfe of that whiche shoulde come to passe in earnest the next day After the banquet in the night his body was sickely and hys wife Calphurnia dreamed she sawe hym all to be goared with bloude and therefore stopped hys going forth In making sacrifices manye fearefull tokens appeared wherfore he determined to haue sent Antony to dissolue the Senate Decimus being present perswaded him not to take that calumniation of the suspition but himselfe to goe and dissolue it and so he was carryed thither in a Litter That daye certaine playes were exhibited in Pompeys Theatre therefore the Senate shoulde be kept in the place nexte to it vsing also to sée the fights Brutus and Cassius early in the morning did sit as Pretors giuing audience to suitors very quietly in a courte nighe the theatre of
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌ„t to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌ„ber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌ„tries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌ„mon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌ„ples coÌ„mon places vnder one baÌ„ner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ„ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌ„ber of such men bring them into the coÌ„mon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌ„mon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ„ who should giue Caesâ—r moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌ„ded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câ—setius and Marulâ—â—s that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly â–ª Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
as should haue habitations threatning mischiefe vnlesse some did performe the laÌ„ds places that was giuen and promised The sincere sort of the Citie tooke good hearte perceiuing the smal number of these doers They enclyned to the memorie of Caesar and were of diuers opinions Caesars money and the bookes of his doings were carryed to Antonie eyther bycause Calphurnie for the danger of hir house did send them to Antony as more surer or that Antony did so commaund it This done a decrée was made by Antony that nighte to call the Senate before daye at the Temple of the Goddesse of the earth not farre from his owne house for neyther durst he goe to the Senate house in the Capitoll bycause of the sworde players gathered there nor bring the armye into the Towne for troubling of it notwithstanding Lepidus brought them in Day drawing nigh other Senatoures came to y Temple of y Goddesse of the earth and Cinna the Pretor hauing on agayne his garmeÌ„t which the day before he had throwen off as giuen him of a Tyrant made hast thither whome when parte of the vncorrupted people and parte of Caesars Souldioures sawe béeyng in a rage bycause the daye before he was the firste that openly spake euill of Caesar béeyng hys kinsman they threwe stones at hym and droue hym into an house and gote woodde to haue burned it had not Lepidus come with the army and forbydden them This was the firste token whereby Caesars friendes hadde confidence that the conspiratoures and the hyred fellowes were afrayde In the Senate house there were fewe that were pure from violence and contention The most parte with diuers deuice fauoured the manquellers and thoughte them most worthye of trust to be there for common consultation and of offenders to make them Judges the whiche Antony dyd not lette bycause he knewe they woulde not come as they dyd not indéede Then in tryall of the Senate some very earnestly and playnely praysed the facte namyng them Tyrant-kyllers and wylled they shoulde be rewarded Other denyed the reward themselues not desiring it nor hauyng done it for that intente but thoughte it iust they should only be commeÌ„ded as welldoers Some would not allow that commendation but onely thoughte it ynough if they were forgyuen Thus did they deuise and forecast at the firste to what the Senate woulde encline that after by little and little they myghte the easier obteyne the rest The vncorrupted company did abhorre the acte as wicked yet for the reuerence of their great houses were not againste but that they shoulde be saued yet that they should be honored as well doers they coulde not abide Other spake againste this that it was not conuenient so to haue them as the rest that beloÌ„ged to their safety shuld bée enuyed And when one sayde that theyr honour shoulde bée Caesars dishonoure they aunswered that it was not fytte a dead man shoulde bée preferred to the quicke Another vehemently saying that of two things one must be chosen eyther to declarâ— Caesar a Tyrante or to forgiue these by mercy they tooke hold of this only and required that voyces mighte be tryed of Caesar by oth and that the decrées made of necessitie shoulde not preiudice them for whyles he ruled they dyd nothyng fréely but all for feare of themselues Pompey béeyng slayne and wyth hym manye a thousande more Antony markyng all thyngs deceytefully perceyuing that ample and euidente matter of spéeches was offered determined to turne theyr cogitation wyth a priuate care and feare of themselues and vnderstandyng that a greate parte of these Senatoures were appoynted to offices and Priestehoodes in the Citie and to gouernements of armyes and prouinces by Caesar for the tyme to come for hée shoulde bée long foorthe wyth hys armye the space of fyue yeares commaundyng silence as Consull thus sayde They that woulde haue boyces tryed vpon Caesar must know afore that if he ruled as an officer lawfully chosen then all hys actes and decrées must stande in force but if by violence wée thinke he playd the Tyrant then must his body be cast out of y Citie vnburyed and all his actes be reuoked wherfore as I sée we must medle with all y world both by sea land many be such as though we would will not obey vs as I shall declare héereafter Now what apperteyneth to vs alone for this matter toucheth only vs I will put all things before you that as in an easâ—e platte you may see a shew of harder things All we in manner haue borne office vnder Caesar and yet doe beare chosen and made by him and some are to haue offices in time to come as the lotte fals out for you know he appoynted for fiue yeares the yearely offices of the Citie to you and the regimentes of Countreys and armies If you will willingly forgoe them for that is in your power to do this would I haue you first determine and then procéede to other Thus Antony did kindle a fire not for Caesar but for themselues and helde his peace Then they by and by in throngs with shoutes starte vp and denyed that any other triall shoulde be made by the voyces of the people but that the things appoynted should be assuredly holden There were some vnder age and other that mighte finde resistance in election whome he chiefly stirred of whome Dolabella the Consull was one to whome it was not lawful to be consul by election bycause he was not fiue and twenty yeares of age wherefore he shewed a suddayne mutation of that he pretended the daye before rebuking as many of them as thought the conspiratours worthy of honor that they that were in office should be dishonored by making their securitie to haue the better shew Other put Dolabella and the â—est in hope that they shoulde receâ—ue thankes of the people and straight resume their dignities without any alteration of the officers but to shewe a lawfuller way by common election and that it shoulde be an ornament to them to be aduanced as well by the authoritie of the people as by the appoyntmente of one ruler and this was no sooner spoken but some of the officers to deceyue the other put off their robes as to receâ—â—e the same agayne more lawfully Some perceyued the craft and did not thinke to get by election that they already had The matter standing thus Antony and Lepidus wente out of the Senate house for certaine that came running from the multitude did call them and as they were séene from aboue and sileÌ„ce hardly put to them that made much noyse one cryed vnto them whether of his owne minde or that he was suborned and bade them take héed least they suffered the like Then Antony losing his gowne shewed his curet incensing the lookers on as though now no man coulde be safe vnlesse he ware armoure no not the Consull There was some cryed that the fact might be punished and
more made request for peace to whom he thus sayd Of that we will consider as shall be fitte to be and what it is that it may auayle but the suretie of it is hard to be found since neyther oth nor execration could profit Caesar and to them that called for reuenge he turned and commended them as more carefull of their othes and honestie I would be quoth he youre Captayne and crye as you do but that I am a Consul to whome belongeth rather to speake for profite than for iustice for so doe they within persuade vs and so Caesar himselfe for the profite of the Citie sparing them that he hadde taken in warre was of the same destroyed Thus wrought Antony artificially they that thoughte the fact to be punished required Lepidus that he would punishe it Lepidus intending to speake they that stoode farre off prayed hym to goe into the common place that all might heare him indifferently He wente straight forth with opinion that the peoples minds were new turned and when he was come to the place of spéech he lamented wéeping and thus sayd Heere I was yesterday with Caesar and now am I héere to enquire of Caesars deathe what will you haue done many cryed that they should reuenge Caesar The hyred men cryed for peace in the Citie to whome hée sayd we will so but what peace speake you of with what othes can it be sure for all our Countrey othes we haâ—e sworne to Caesar and we that are compted the least of them that did sweare haue troden all vnder the foote Then he turned to them that cryed for reuenge â–ª Caesar sayd he is gone from vs an holy and honored man in déede and we be afrayd to hurte the Citie and them that be left This do the Senate treate of and manye thinkes it good then they cryed that he alone should take it in hand I wyll sayd he for it is a iust oth to me alone but it is not ynough that I and you alone doe will it or that we alone can fulfill it â—andling the matter thus craftâ—ly the hyred men knowing that he was ambitioue praysed him and exhorted him to take the office of Caesars Priesthode of the which he being very glad sayde You shall remember me of this héereafter if I shall be worthy of it They that were hired were the more instant for peace bycause of the liberall spéech of the Priesthoode Then sayde he although it be vniust and wicked yet will I doe it bycause you will me This said he returned into the Senate house where Dolabella all that time had bin importune for the continuance of his office Antony gathering the peoples humor looked ouer hym wyth a smiling countenance and finding them to dissent among themselues and the people to doe nothing earnestly hauing beholden all sufficiently he determined to saue the meÌ„ hiding one necessitie with another that both they shuld be saued by especial grace and that Caesars actes should be coÌ„firmed by decrée the Senates orders take effect therfore silence being coÌ„manded he sayd thus Of the Citizens offendoures you men of equall honor in this your consultation I haue sayd nothing but to them that contrarywise desired a tryall of Caesar I put forthe onely one of his decrées which hath not withoute cause kept you in contention tyll this time for if we doe refuse those offices we shall confesse so many worthy men vnworthily to haue receyued them Then coÌ„sider that is not easie to be hard and number in your mindes the Cities the nations the kingdomes the regions and as I maye say all things froÌ„ the East to the Weast y Caesar had by his vertue vanquished for vs and all that by his power subdued the same by law clemencie and curtesie he made assured vnto hym Which of these do you thinke wil beare to be depriued y things they haue enioyed vnlesse you wil fyll all with warres that are desirous to heale youre countrey that is nowe most féeble wyth disease Those that be farre off and kepte downe with feare and fight I wil omitte to touch but those that be not at haÌ„d only and as I may say euen at home through out all Italy some haue receyued rewards of victory and by multitudes with the armies wherewith they serued be of Caesar appoynted habitations by the same institution whereof many a thousand be within this citie what do you thinke they wil do if you take from them that they had or that they looked to haue of Cities and Countreys Thys last night did shew vs an Image of this matter for wheÌ„ you did intreate for the offendoures they on the contrary ranne aboute with threatnings Do you thinke they can abide to sée Caesars body violated torne vnburyed for these things by law are wente to be done againste Tyrants whiche haue serued in the warres with him and to haue the gayne gotten by the victories of France and England confirmed vnto them when he that was the gyuer of them is so despightfully handled what thinke you the people of Rome will do what thinke you the Italians what hate shal you haue both of God and man if you do so defile your empire enlarged from the Oceane sea to the people vnknowen for you shall not lacke reproufe and blame for this youre inconstancie more than they that thinke you worthy honor that killed a Consull in the Counsell house an holye man in an holy place Senatoures being the doers in the sighte of the Gods and dishonor him that of his enimies is most honored from these things as vnlawfull and not in your power I do warne you to refrayne Then thys sentence I giue that Caesars actes and decrées doe remayne firme and stable that the offenders be praysed in no wise for it is not godly iust not consonant Caesars actes being ratified that of mercye onely you will pardon them for their friends and kinsfolkes sake so as they do so accept it and will of theÌ„ confesse it in thaÌ„keful part When Antony had said this with great contention and vehemency the decrée was made all other being silent and content That there should be no action for Caesars death That all his actes and decrées should be confirmed so as they were commodious for the citie And this with much adoe did the friends of the offendoures cause to be added for their safetie that they were not more kepte for iustice sake than for profite Antony gaue place vnto it These being decrées they that were heads of men to be set in habitations desired a priuate decrée by common authoritie that their places of inhabitance myghte bée made sure vnto them and Antony was not agaynste it shewing some feare with the Senate This decrée was made and another like for them that went to their inhabitations The Counsell being thus broken vp there were some that persâ—oded Lucius Piso to whome Caesar had lest his Testamente that it
should neyther be brought forthe nor his body buryed openly least it mighte breede some newe tumult in the Citie He being otherwise minded was threatned to be called to aunswer for that he defrauded the people of such substance due to the common treasure once agayne making signification of Tyrannie Then Piso cryed as lowde as he could praying the Consuls that were yet present to goe to counsell againe and sayde They that haue affirmed that one Tyrant is taken away they in steede of that one be all Tyrants vnto vs forbidding me to bury an holy Priest threaten me if I bring forth his last will. They make confiscation of his goodes as of a Tirant His actes that maketh for them they ratifie but those that he hath left for himselfe they reuoke not Brutus and Cassius but they that did incense them to this mischiefe Of his Sepulture be you Lordes of his Testament I will be and shall not suffer him to be dectyued in my trust of faith before some man taketh away my breath Much stirre and businesse did rise of this among them all and specially by them that supposed to get somewhat by his Testament therefore it was thought conuenient that his Testament should be brought abroade and that his body shoulde be buryed openly and so the Counsell rose Brutus and Cassius vnderstanding of this did send to the multitude to call them to the Capitoll and when many came running thither with greate hast Brutus sayd thus Nowe O Citizens we be héere with you that yesterday were in the common court not as m◠fleeyng to the Temple that haue done amisse nor as to a fort hauing committed all wée haue to you but the sharpe strāge mishap of Cinna haue cōpelled vs thus to do We haue herd what hath bin obiected against vs of oure enimies touching the oth and touching cause of doubt y in peace can be no suretie What we haue to say herein with you O Citizens we will conferre with whome we haue to do concerning other common matters When Caius Caesar frō France inuaded his Countrey with enimies armes and Pompey a singulare fauourer of the people had suffered as euery man knoweth after hym a nūber of good Citizens wente into Iberia Libya were destroyed We at his desire gaue him security and as it should séeme afrayde of himselfe seking to make his Tyrāny sure we sware vnto it If he had required vs to swere not only to confirme the things past but also to haue bene hys slaues in time to come what woulde they then haue done that nowe lie in wayte for our liues I suppose verye Romaines indéede wyll rather choose certaine death as they haue oft done than by an othe to abyde willing seruitude If Caesar hitherto haue gone aboute nothing to make vs seruile we confesse we haue broken our othe but if neyther offices in the Citie nor prouinces in y country nor armies nor dignities of the church nor assigning of inhabitance nor other honours be left to vs or had the cōsent of the Senate or the allowance of the people but did all by his owne commaundement if his ambition was neuer satiate as Syllas was who when he had ouerthrown his enemies restored to vs the common wealth if he making another armye for a long time toke awaye our election for fiue yeares what libertie was this when no hope coulde appeare what should we say of the peoples chiefe officers Sesetius and Marullus were they not with contumely thrust frō the sacred inuiolate offices and where the lawe and othe of our auncestours do not suffer any actiō to be made against y Tribunes yet Caesar banished them and shewed no cause whither thē haue offēded against the holy Tribunes we or Caesar being a sacred and inniolate man to whom not willingly but of necessitie we graunted these things nor before he came agaynst his country in armour and had killed so many noble Citizens The office of the Tribunes can not be holy nor inniolated to the whiche our fathers in time of common welth dyd sweare without cōpulsion with intent to haue it euerlasting The reuenewe and accompt of the Empire where became it who brake open the Treasure house against our wills who caught the money vntouched and vnremouable who thretned death to the Tribune that resisted him but what oth saye they shall be sufficient to preserne peace if there be no Tyranne there needes no oth our forefathers neuer had néede of anye But if any other wil aspire to tyrannie there is no fayth no not with an othe between the Romames and a Tiranne Thus we speake now in perill and will euer speake it for our country For being in honoure and safety with Caesar we preferred the honour of our countrey before our owne wel they vse calumniation againste vs and stirre you for the habitations If here be any present eyther y hath or shal be appointed to those inhabitance I pray you do so much at my request as giue a token of your selues Many dyd so then sayde he Oh well done good men that you be come to do as other do and it is conuenient that you which indifferentlye doe trauayle and laboure for youre countrey shoulde receyue equal reward of the same The people of Rome did appoint you to Caesar againste the English and French men it is therefore reason that hauing done good seruice you receyue as good rewards But he bound you with oths and vnwillingly led you against the Citie he led you likewise against the beste Citizens in Libya likewise against your wils If your trauayle had ben only in this paraduenture you would haue bin ashamed to ashe recompence but the seruice that you did in France and England no enuie no time no obliuion of man can put out of memorie and for these the beste recompence which the people was wont to giue to the old souldiers not taking away mens landes or houses that had not offended nor giuing to one that was an others nor thinking they ought to recompence with iniustice nor when they had conquered their enimies to take away all their land but made a particion and appointed some of their souldiers to dwel there as a garrison for the cōquered places and many times when the Land that was won wold not suffise they eyther diuided of the common or bought more of newe So did the people place you without any others displeasure But Sylla and Caesar who inuaded their countrey as enimyes hauing néed of garde garison vpon theyr countrey dyd neyther send you to liue in any of your owne countryes nor bought any land for you nor bestowed that vpon you that they had got from other nor vpon composition restored the honours on them from whome they were taken althoughe they had the treasure and conquered lande but toke from Italy that had not offended nor done any thing amisse by lawe of warre or rather of robbery
Ciuill strifes that the Romaines had among theÌ„selues The Senate blamed Antony for the funerall of Caesar by the which the people was so stirred as they did forthwith despise the law of Obliuion and ranne with fire to the houses of the strykers This vnkindnesse with one inuention he turned into beneuolence Amatius a couÌ„terfaite Mariane pretending to be Marius sonne was for that name accepted of the people by this counterfaiting being taken as a kinsman to Caesar he made most mone for his death and set vp an Aulter where he was buried He had a rowte of Râ—â—â—ians about him was euer terrible to the killers of the whiche some were fled out of the citie and so many as had by Caesar the gouernment of prouinces were gone to their charges Decimus Brutus was gone to Fraunce next Italie Trebonius into Asia aboute Ionia Tullius Cimber into Bythinia But Cassius Marcus Brutus with whome the Senate bare most and were likewise chosen of Caesar to be Presidents for the yéere to come â–ª as Cassius in Syria Brutus in Macedonia being yet officers in Rome of necessitie and law as Pretors must attend vpon the dispatch of theÌ„ that should haue places appointed to liue in gaue audience to anye other that made suâ—e to sell the partes of their places which by law was forbiddeÌ„ to be done within .xx. yeres With these Amatius did conspire only eâ—â—pected occasioÌ„ At the talke of this coÌ„spiracy Antony as Consul came vpon them apprehended Amâ—â—io without iudgemeÌ„t put him to death very stoutly The Senate marueled at this matter as great beside law yet the commoditie of it they embraced very ioyfully for without such stoutnesse they thought Brutus Cassius could not be in safetie The companions of Amatius and other people with them for the loue of him were much greued at this fact chiefly that Antony should so dispatche one that was honoured of the people They could not abide so to be despised wherefore with shoutes they went crying out of Antony commaunded the Magistrate to erect an aulter to Amatio there to make the firste sacrifice to Caesar They were driuen out of the common place by the souldiours that were sent of Antony wherewith they were more greued and made greater noyse some of them brought forth the settles of Caesars pictures pulled downe and whereas one sayde he could bring them to a shop where his images were defaced they straight way followed him when they saw it they set al a fire till other were sent of Antony which killed parte of theÌ„ that stoode to their defence and parte they tooke as many as were bonde they hanged and the frée men they threw downe headlong and thus this tumult ceased But extréeme hate of excéeding loue was now wrought in the people agaynst Antony The Senate was glad as though there was none other feare to be had touchyng Brutus and Cassius And further where Antony purposed to call home Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the great who yet was loued of al meÌ„ out of Spayne where still he made warre with Caesars Capitaynes and for his fathers goods confiscate to giue him of the common fiue thousand millions of Drammes of Athens and to make him admirall of the sea as his father was and to vse the Romaine nauies where so euer they were to al occasions The Senate not a litle marueled â–ª accepted his offer spending an whole day in the prayse of Antony for they knewe no man more accepted nor better beloued of the people than Pompey Brutus and Cassius the most honorable of all other of Pompeis faction thought to holde their safetie with sure hande and that the course that they had takeÌ„ should preuayle and the peoples authoritie be surely coÌ„firmed and that their estate should stande Cicero for this made continuall prayse of Antony and the Senate consideryng that the people euidently did meane euill to him gaue him leaue to chose him a gard for his person of the olde Souldiours that resorted to him he eyther bycause he had done all to this ende or for that he would embrace this occasion so fauourable picked out at length a garde of .vj. M. not of the common Citizens whom he knew he might haue at his pleasure at any other time but of all the leaders and Captaynes of experience and estimation in Caesars army Of these hée chose chiefe officers in comely order whome he vsed honorably and made them partakers of ordinary Counsels The Senate dryuen into a iealousie for this number and choyse counsayled hym to reduce this garde as enuious to a conueuient number he promysed so to doe when he had quieted the tumultes of the people Nowe where by decrée he had stablished all that Caesar had done and would doe and had the wrytings of memoriall in his custodie and â—â—â—aberius Caesars Secretary at his commaundement for Caesar goyng away lefte all his determinations with Antony he added many things to the behoofe of many men he gaue graunts to Cities Princes and to his owne garde And he made knowne to all them that coulde clayme any thyng by Caesars assignation that they takyng the benefite might yéelde him the thankes and by this meane he brought many into the Senate and degrée to himselfe the other he wan with faire promise that they did no more maligne agaynst his garde Brutus Cassius perceiuing nothing neither of the people nor of the soldiours to appeare peaceable for theÌ„ neither vnlikely but y coÌ„spiracie of Amatio might be done against theÌ„ by some other neither well abiding variable Antony that bare himself so boldly of his army nor seyng that the peoples rule could be coÌ„firmed by these doings but suspecting that Antony wrought against it they put their chiefe trust in Decimo who had thrée Legions lying in the sides of Italy They wrote secretely to Trebonius in Asia and to Tullius in â—ythinia to gather money closely and loke aboute for an armye They were desirous to take the prouinces that Caesar had appointed theÌ„ but y time did not yet suffer them They thought it not conuenient to leaue their office in the Citie before the end of the same and to run into suspition of desire of rule of nations They chose rather for their necessitie to spende the meane time as priuate men than to be officers in the Citie where they could neyther be sure of themselues nor do anye thing to their honour in the seruice of their countrey Being in this case and the Senate perceyuing their minde they thought good to make theÌ„ purueyers of grain for the Citie from euery countrey til the time might serue theÌ„ to take the charge of their prouinces and thus they did that Brutus and Cassius shoulde not séeme to flée So great a care and reuerence was there of them that for them chiefly they mayntained the other killers
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ— secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ„ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy â–ª blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ— make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâ—â—â— not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another â—â—ran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell â–ª Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
speciall daye appoynted for voyces to be vsed Out of hande the lawe tooke place and that nyghte condemnations of thirtis besyde the seauentéene and of one hundred more were sette vp in many places of the Citie and shortlye after another hundred and fiftie and euer some were added more in the booke to them that were firste condemned or kylled as by ignorance that it myghte bée thoughte they were worthy to dye It was ordered that all theyr heads shoulde be brought to the thrée men and a rewarde appoynted A frée mans rewarde was syluer a Seruantes libertie and syluer and who receyued a condemned man or concealed or hindred the search should bée punished with lyke payne and euery man myghte declare agaynste whome hée woulde for the same rewarde The Proclamation was after thys sorte And that all men should suffer their priuate places to be searched Marcus Lepidus Marcus Antonius and Octauius Caesar chosen reformers and directoures of the Common wealthe saye thus If the vnfaythfull euill disposed menne hadde not bene pitied when they néeded and being so had not become enimies of their benefactours and after coÌ„spired against them they had not slayne Caesar whome he tooke by warre and saued by mercy accompted them friends and plentifully aduaunced them with offices honours and giftes nor we should haue ben compelled thus violently to vse them that haue with suche despite made proclamations of treason against vs but now by their euill meanings towarde vs their worse working toward Caesar perceyuing that by humanitie their malice is made obstinate we haue chosen rather to preuent them than to be taken tardy of them Let no man thinke our act vniust cruell or to sore considering what Caesar what we haue suffered at their handes Caesar being chief ruler and prince of holy things Conquerour and ouerthrower of nations most terrible to the Romaines and the first man that beyond Hercules pillers did proue the sea not sayled before and founde lande vnknowen to the Romanes in the middest of the sacred place called the Senate house in the sight of the goodes they haue enâ—ioâ—sly killed with xxiâ—â— woundes whom he tooke prisoners in warre and not onely saued their liues but made some of them heyres of his liuing The reste of them through the same wicked purpose haue sente these detestable offendours in stéede of punishment to the rule of Prouinces and armies whiche they abuse in spoyling of common treasure in gatheryng one army against vs of them and requiring an other of the Barbarians alwayes enimies to this state Certaine Citties belongyng to the Romanes refusing to obey them â–ª they haue burned spoyled or rased others oppressed with their terrible threatnings they force agaynst their countrey and vs Wée haue already punished some of them and by the helpe of God ye shall soone sée the rest haue their iâ—ste deserte The greatest matters touchyng Spayne Fraunce and here at home we haue at our commaundement well dispatched Neuerthelesse wée haue an harde and sharpe worke in hande to make warre agaynst the murderers of Caesar that â—e beyonde the seas and bicause wée shall make this warre abrode we do not thinke it sure neyther for vs nor for you to leaue enimies at home that mighte disturbe vs in our absence and wayfe theyr times as the warre shoulde haue successe neyther to make any delay in this hasty expedition but rather to ridde them at ones they hauyng begonne the warre agaynst vs and iudged vs and our armies traytours to our Countrie not regardyng neyther the enuy of manne nor the reuengment of God in destroying so many millions of their Citizens Wée are not offended agaynst the multitude nor will take them all as enimies that haue bene so to vs nor altogither weigh riches substaunce or dignities nor kill so many as an other chiefe ruler haue done before vs who redressed the Citie in lyke Ciuill dissentions whome for his lucky doings you did call Happie although there muste néedes be more enimies to thrée than one but onely the worste and moste wicked sorte as well for you as for our selfes wée entende to correct otherwise by our contentions you all betwéene vs muste néedes be vtterly destroyed and of necessitie our armie that hath bene so iniuried and despighted as they haue bene proclaimed publique enimies must néedes some way be comforted at our hande And where as wée mighte lay handes vppon the condemned where wée woulde yet we thought it better to pronounce them than at all aduentures to oppresse them and that for your sake least the rage of the Souldiours mighte exceede vppon them that are not touched and that their names beyng comprehended in a certayne number they might leaue the rest by the decrée Then that good Fortune may come by them that be conteyned in this wryting Lette no manne receyue any manne nor hyde nor sende away nor be wonne for money For if any doe saue helpe or be founde pryuye him will we without all excuse and parâ—â—â—ie put among the condemned sorte Of them that shall dryng the heades of suche as they shall kyll before vs a frée manne shall haue xxv thousand drammes of Athens for euery heade a seruaunt shall haue hys lybertie and tenne thousande and hys Maysters place in the Cittie and the same shall they haue that shall enforme and none of theyr names that receyue these rewardes shall bée noted in our bookes that they may not be knowen This was the proclamation of the thrée men as I coulde translate it out of Latine into Gréeke Lepidus was the firste that dyd condemne and the firste of the condemned was Paulus his brother The second that did condemne was Antony and the second that was condemned was his vncle Lucius for they firste condemned these as enimies The thirde and the fourth was of them whiche in an other booke were appoynted to be Consuls in tyme to come Plotius brother to Plancus and Quintus Father in lawe to Asinius and these were not the rather putte before other bycause of theyr dignitie onely but as muche for terrour and desperation that none shoulde hope to be saued Thoranius was among the coÌ„demned men who as some say was Tutor to Caesar By and by after these coÌ„demnations the gates were kept and all other passages and portes of the Cittie Fennes also and Moores and any other place suspected to bée fitte to flée vnto or for them that fledde to be hydden in The Capitaynes of the bandes were commaunded to raunge the fieldes abroade and to searche diligently and all this was done at once Forthwith bothe in the countrie and the Cittie as mennâ— were taken there was greate suddayne slaughter and diuerse kyndes of murders cuttings off of heads to be shewed for rewardes sake Then was there hasty fleyng and vnséemely sight of them that before were goodly to be séene some leapte into puddles some into ditches and sinckes most vncleane some got vppe to the smoky
not accompted of Caesar for hys youth like to archieue any matter and remayned in Spayne He in companye wyth a fewe théeues roued on the Sea and was not knowen to be Pompeys sonne The number of the Roners increasing and hauing a good bande he confessed he was Pompeys chylde Wherefore all the remnant of hys fathers and brothers armye resorted to him as to a familiar Captayne Arabion béeyng dispeopled in Libya came vnto hym as wée haue sayde and hée hauyng thys multitude hys actes were estéemed greater than as of a Pyrate and Pompeys name sounded ouer all Spayne full of people so as the officers of Caesar durst not meddle wyth hym whyche when Caesar hearde he sente Carina wyth a greater armye to ouerthrowe Pompey But he béeyng armed for the lyghte attemptes suddaynely sette vppon hym and troubled hym and tooke Cities both small and greate for the whyche cause Caesar sente Abnius Pollio to succéede Carina and to warre with Pompey whyche at the time that Caesar was killed did trie their power after the which Pompey was reuoked of the Senate and then he went to Massilia to heare what was done who being chosen Admirall as his father he gathered all the Shippes he could get togither and kept the Seas but would not come to Rome And when the thrée mens power began he sayled into Sicelie and beseeged the Captayne Bythinicus that woulde not receyue him till Hirtius and Fannius condemned by proscription and fledde from Rome caused that place to be giuen to Pompey Thus Pompey was Lord of Sicelie hauing a Nauie and Iland nigh to Italy and a great army both of them he had before and also of them that fledde from Rome both bond and frée and such as the Cities of Italie sent him that were giuen in pray to the Souldioures for these did detest in theyr hearts the conquest of the thrée men and as much as they could secretly wrote against them And as many as might get out of the Countrey being nowe no more of their Countrey fledde to Pompey being at hande and most accepted to the Romaines of that time There came also to him Seamen from Libya and Iberia skylfull in the water in so muche as Pompey was full of Captaynes Shippes Souldioures and money Of the whyche when Caesar vnderstoode he sente Saluidienus with a Nauy thinking it to be an easie matter to put Pompey from the Sea and he passed through Italy to help Saluidienus from Reggio Pompey came againste Saluidienus with a greate nauie and making the fyghte hard at the shallowes of the I le aboute Scyleion Pompeys Shippes were lighter and excéeded in the promptnesse and experience of the skilfull Seamen The Romanes were heauyer and greater and the more vnfitte as the manner of the shallow Sea is to whirle aboute that the billowes breake on eyther side the water Pompeys were the lesse troubled for custome to the surgies but Saluidienus Shippes could neyther stand firme for lacke of that experience nor able to vse their â—ares nor hauing fitte sternes for to turne at will were sore troubled Wherfore towarde the Sunne sette Saluidienus first withdrew and Pompey also did the like The losse of shippes was equall The other that were brused and broken Saluidienus repayred lying at the port of that narow sea Balaron Caesar came and gaue greate fayth to the Reggians and Ipponeans that they should be exempt from them that were gyuen in victorie for he feared them most bycause they were so nigh that narow cut But when Antony sente for hym in haste he sayled to him to Brunduse hauyng on his lefte hand Sicelie entendyng then not to matche with Pompey Murcus when Caesar came that hée shoulde not be inclosed of Antony and him wente a little from Brunduse waytyng by the way the great shippes that carried the armie to Macedonia whiche were wayted of the Galleys the winde being great euen as they coulde wish They sayled away chéerefully without any néede of any Galleys whereat Murcus was grieued and wayted for their returne empty But they bothe then and after caried ouer the army with full sayle till all the army with Caesar and Antony were passed Murcus being thus hindred by fortune as he thought taried for other passages and preparations of new Souldiours from Italy to hinder as much as he coulde the prouisions and the army lefte and to him Domitius Oenobarbus one of Cassius Capitaynes came as to a seruice of great moment with fifty shippes one other legion and Archers that Caesars army not hable to be victualed otherwise sufficiently but from Italie it might as he thought be stopped from thence Thus they with one hundreth and twentie galleys and more shippes of burden with a great army did scoure those seas Ceditius and Norbanus whome Caesar and Antony sente with viij legions into Macedonia and from thence to Thracia went aboue the hilles a hundred and .xl. myles tyll they came beyonde Philip and tooke the streyghts of Torpido and Salapian the beginnyng of Rascopolinus lande and the onely knowen way betwene Europe and Asia and that was a let to Cassius army goyng from Castius to Abydus Rascopolis and Rascus were brethren of the bloud of the Thracian kings and being Princes of one region they differed in opinion Raseos fauoryng Antony and Rascopolis Cassius eyther of them hauyng thrée thousand horse Cassius Capitaynes askyng of the way â—â—sâ—â—polâ—â— sayde The shorte and playne way goeth from hence to Maronaea and leadeth to the streights of Salamina beyng possessed by the enimie is not to be passed There is another way thrice so muche aboute and harde to passe where the enimie can not goe for lacke of victuall from whence they might goe to Thracia and Macedonia When they hearde thys they wente by Aeno and Maronaea to Lysimachia and Cardia that receyue the strayght of Cherronesus as twoo gates and the nexte day they came to the gulfe of Mellana where they mustered their men They had ninetene legions of armed meÌ„ Brutus tenne and Cassius nine none full but with twoo thousande at the moste to bée filled so as they had about fourescore thousande The horsemen of Brutus were foure thousand Celtians and Lucitanians twoo thousande Parthenians Thessalians Thracians and Iâ—irians Cassius of Iberians and Celtians had twoo thousande of Arabians Medians and Parthians Archers on horsebacke foure thousande The Kings and Princes of the Galatians in Asia were their confederates and folowed them with a greate hoste of footemen and horsemen aboue fiue thousande This great armie of Brutus and Cassius was set in order at the gulfe of Melane with the whiche they procéeded to the warre appoyntyng other menne for other necessities They purged the army by Sacrifice accordyng to the manner and fulfilled promises made for money giuyng libecally to winne mennes hartes as they might well hauyng suche plenty of richesse bycause there were many that
had serued vnder Caius Casar And that none shoulde make any stirre at the sight or name of newe Caesar it was thought méete to speake to the army There was a greate seate in the which sate none but Senatours and Pretors The rest as wel Romanes as straungers â—â—oode about below glad they were to sée one another as they that were stronger than they supposed Boldnesse and great hope grew at the sight of the army whiche thing increaseth the good wil of Souldiours to their Captaine hope that is coÌ„mon getteth beneuolence The noyse that hereof was made did cease by the trumpets and criers and Cassius bicause he was elder thaÌ„ Brutus came a little foorth and thus sayde to the army This contention O Souldiour felowes as it is rommon to vs all and therfore causeth vs to trust one an other so is it conuenient that we do performe to you all that we haue promised the whiche is the greatest trust that wée will fulfill whatsoeuer we promise you hereafter The hope consisteth in the vertue of you that be Souldiours and in vs whom you sée aboute this seate so many and so great men of the Senate and also in the plentyfull furniture of all thyngs whiche you sée of victuall of armure of money and of Shippes of confederates of Nations and Kyngs that of necessitie they by reason muste bée ready to be willyng and agrée whome the prouision and common cause hath ioyned togyther Whereof the twoo men our enimies do calumniate vs you know throughly and for that do you serue with vs willyngly Therefore nowe it is fitte to declare the cause whiche shall chiefly shew that wée haue the beste and moste iuste pretence of this warre We that haue made Caesar great by folowyng hym and leading you in the warres did continue hys friendes to the ende so as it shall not appeare that he was entrapte of vs for any enimity In maters of peace he is to be blamed not of vs his friendes in the which we haue bene honored but by lawes and order of the common wealth whereof now no law no rule of the best nor peoples power remayneth all the which our fathers framed when they expelled the kings and by othe confirmed neuer after to receyue other to the which othe their posteritie of the same minde consenting and puttyng from them the execrations thereof they could not longer endure to sée one man though he were a friende and beneficiall that did conuert to himselse the publique treasure the armies the elections of officers froÌ„ the people the gouernments of nations from the Senate Yet he was a law in stéede of lawes and a Lord in stéede of the people and a Prince in all respectes in steade of the Senate The whiche peraduenture you doe not perfitely know but only consider his valiantnesse in the warre But now you may easily learne it by the things only that touched your selues You the people in the warre do obey your Generalles as your Lords The same condition you receyue of vs agayne in peace the Senate prouidyng that you be not deceyued your selues being Judges and lawmakers accordyng to your companies and societies creatyng Consulles Tribunes and Pretors and by your voyces iudging the greatest things punishing or preferring them as they thought you worthie punishment or preferment This retribution O Citizens hath brought your authoritie to highe felicitie for you haue preferred the worthy and they being preferred haue rendred like thanke to you For this worthinesse you made Scipio Consull when you testified for him in the matters of Libya and made whome you woulde Tribunes of euery age of your selues as was fitte for your causes What néede I to rehearse many things that you already knowe but that fince Caesar bare rule you coulde create neyther Consull Pretor Tribune or Officer nor coulde testifie for any mans vertue nor receyue mutuall testification for your selues And to speake of the chief no man gaue you thankes for any office for authoritie for iustice or correction And that that was moste to be lamented of all other you could not helpe your Tribunes when villanie was done them that you shoulde not retayne your power continual and make it sure and inuiolable but your selfe see them that ought to haue bene vntouched and their authoritie inuiolate and their ornaments sacred to be coÌ„demned without any iudgement by the commaundement of one onely bycause they seemed to be grieued with them that woulde haue declared him a kyng the whiche the Senate tooke moste grieuously for your sake For the Tribuneship is yours not the Senates Yet yée could not plainly accuse that man or bring him to iudgement bycause of hys mightie armies whiche belonging to the publique state he chalenged for hys priuate pleasure the whiche entendyng to be reuenged of the reste of his Tyrannie coniured agaynst his body The sentence did necessarily procéede from the beste the seate was done of a fewe So soone as it was done the Senate decreed it a common agréement and that openly that the rewardes for killyng Tirannes might be put in vre Antony staying that vnder a pretence of tumulte and we not thinkyng our selues worthy rewarde to the Citie rather than by it to helpe our countrey this was stayed bycause they would not any contumely should be shewed to Caesar but only a releasement of his Tyrannie euery man decreeyng a for getfulnesse as a thing of moste suretie that no matter shoulde bee made of the murder Antony by litle and litle withdrawing the people from vs the Senate gaue vs great offices of prouinces and armies commaunding all the lande betwéene Ionia Syria to obey vs whether punishing as offendours or honoring ve with solemne purple with mases and Sergeants by the whiche reason they called Pompey from banishment beyng a yong man and not acquaynted with the thing but onely bicause he was Sonne to Pompey the great who trauayled for the peoples rule and bycause he was secretely in Spaine to auoyde tyrannie they restored him to the value of his fathers goodes by the common treasure and made him ruler of the sea that he mighte haue some authoritie beyng of the peoples faction What other acte or token of the Senate do yée require than that all this was done by their sentence onlesse it be not inough to confesse it by worde but to do it say it and togither with their sayings to rewarde you with great gifts bicause wheÌ„ they say it they can performe it Now you know how men be haÌ„dled they be proscribed without iudgement their goodes be publicate they be killed without sentence in their houses in theyr porches in the Temples of Souldiours of seruants of their enimies drawen from their priuie houses and pursued in euery place Where the law permitteth a man that will to flée into the common place where neuer no enimies head was brought but only armour shippe stems now the heds of Consuls of Pretors of
these there were added eleuen legions that wente from Brutus and .xiiij. thousande horse of the whiche Antony tooke for hys iorney sixe legions and tenne thousande horse Octauian had foure thousande horse and fiue legions and for those that Antony had he shoulde receiue of Antonies out of Calenus whiche he lefte in Italy and so sayled to the Ionian sea WheÌ„ Antony was come to Ephesus he made solemne sacrifices to the Gods and forgaue the souldiors of Cassius that were in Sanctuarie and asked pardon Petronius being except as many as had conspired Caesars death Quintus that betrayed Dolobella to Cassius at Laodicea to the Grecians and other nations that inhabit about Pergamo in Asia in a great assembly of Ambassadors that came for peace he spake in this wise You men of Grecia your Kyng Attalus by testament bequeathed you vnto vs whome you founde more beneficiall vnto you than Attalus was for we forgaue you the Tributes that you payd to Attalus tyll wée had neede of Tributes bycause of them that troubled our peace Then we sette Tributes vpon you not accordyng to euery mans value that we myghte exact it wythout perill but required you to pay a portion yearely that wée myghte bee partakers of youre yearely fruites and féele youre losse in harde tunes And when the Bayliffes requiring more than they ought dyd you iniurie C. Caesar forgaue you the thirde parte of youre Tributes and forbadde that iniurie to be done to you héereafter for he committed to you the gathering of the Tributes of youre Countrey people And our good Citizens call such a man as he was a Tyrant and you haue giuen them much money that were kyllers of the man that most deserued of you and that against vs â–ª that reuenged hys quarrell But forasmuch as Fortune fauouring the iust cause hath decréed not as you woulde but as ryght was if you had continued in armes as their fellowes you had bin punishable but bycause we doe easily beléeue that you did it by compulsion we forgiue you the greater punishment only we haue néede of your money your land Cities to pay our armyes whiche be eyghte and twenty Legions which with their appertenaÌ„ces maketh 170. thousand beside Horsemen other remnant of the common sort Of this multitude you may wel coniecture what charge we be at Octauian is gone into Italy to diuide lands and Cities vnto them and as I myght say to bid Italy be packing But y you should not leaue your Cities Countrey houses your temples and religions and youre auncesters monuments we onely require your money and not all for y you could not beare but a meane part which when you heare I thinke you wil goe conteÌ„ted away As much as you gaue our enimies in two yeares whiche was ten yeares tribute so much wil we require sauing y it must be paid in one yeare bycause ne-nessitie so exacteth You may acknowledge thaÌ„kes confesse that you are not punished as you haue deserued Thus he spake to please the souldiors to whom they promised rewards at their méeting at Modena then they were xl legions so many of theÌ„ were coÌ„sumed He had not fully ended his tale wheÌ„ the Grecians sate vpoÌ„ the ground with many demonstratioÌ„s accusing the crueltie of Brutus Cassius shewing they wer rather worthy pardoÌ„ thaÌ„ punishment They would gladlye giue to their friends but they were bereft all of their enimies to whom they had giuen not only theyr monies but when that fayled their iewels and ornaments which they coyned of themselues At length with much ado they obtayned to paye nine yeares Tribute in two yeares As he went about the prouinces Lucius brother to Cassius and other fearing themselues when they hadde harde of his mercye shewed at Ephesus they came and submitted themselues to him and he pardoned them except such as were priuie to the conspiracie for to them he was inexorable He did comfort the cities that were grieuouslye oppressed and gaue priuilegies to the Lycians and exhorted the Xanthians â—etâ—store their Citie He gaue to the Rodians Andrus Tenus Naxus and Mindus which shortly after he toke from them bycause of their sharpe gouernement He graunted the Tarsentans and Laodicians libertie and made frée al the Citizens of Tarsus that had bin taken with priuiledge he receiued the Athenienses very gently gaue theÌ„ Tenus Aegiâ—â— Icon Câ—am Sciathus Peparetis Then going through Phrygia Mysia Gallogrecia Cappadocia Cilicia Caelâ—sâ—â—ia Palesâ—â—a Ituraea and other prouinces of Syria he put gret Tributs vpon theÌ„ He toke vp matters of controuersie of princes and Cittes euen as hee wold himself And wher the controuersie for Cappadocia was betwéene Sifinnâ— and Ariarathes he preserred Sâ—siâ—na for Glâ—phyâ—â—a his fayre mothers sake In Syria he deliuered the townes of Tirannes In Cilicia he accused Cleopatra bycause she did not helpe Caesar in his wars She did not so much excuse hir selfe as boaste that she had sent â—oure legions to Dolobella at the beginning of y war â–ª hauing prepared a Nauy was letted by tempestes and by the chaunce of Dolobella that was sâ—â—ner ouercome than the loked for and that notwithstanding Cassius twice threatning hyr she contemned him and Murcus also and with a riche Nauy sayled into the Ionian sea there beside other losses fel sicke Wherfore she returned no more to the sea after the victorie was 〈…〉 on Then Antonie being caughte in minde with the sight of hir hée began to loue hir like a yong man though he were fourty yéeres of age his nature as it séemeth euer being pliant to that thing and before he hadde a minde to hir when he was a Captaine of horsemen at Alexandria vnder Gabinius Now leauing his woonted diligence hée did all things as Cleopatra woulde haue him without respecte of God or mannes lawe In so much as he sente Souldiours to kill Arsinoâ— hir sister that was fledde into the Temple of Diana crying for mercy and commaunded the Tyrians to deliuer Serapion Captaine of Cypres to Cleopatra being fledde for safetie to Tyrus Likewise he commaunded the Arcadians to doe with an other fugitiue bicause he toke vppon him the person of Ptolomeus Cleopatras brother being ouercome in Nilus of Caesar and neuer séene after He also commaunded Megabysus a Prâ—sâ—e of Diana of Ephesus to bée deliuered bicause he receyued Arsinoe as a Quéene but when the Ephesians made sute to Cleopatra for him he let him goe so soone was he changed This affection was the beginning of his troubles and ende of his life When Cleopatra was gone home he sent his horsemen to spoyle the Palmirians a Cittie not farre from Euphrates a lighte offence beeing obiected to them for a fashion bicause dwelling in the confines of the Romanes and the Parthians they seemed to bee of doubtful faith for they were merchants and brought and fetched the wares of India and Perside to the Romanes but in
very déede it was to enrich his horsemen And when the Palmirians had vnderstanding of it they conueyed away their goods and garded them with Archers wherin they excelled The horsemen finding the Citie voyde went away emptie and vnhurtfull Of thys occasion the warres of Parthia séemed to ryse many of the tyrannes of the countreye of Syria resorting to them For this countrey till Antiochus the good and his sonne was vnder Kings successoures of Seleucus but being brought into the forme of a prouince they had Scaurus their President â–ª to whome the Senate sent other successours and among them Gabiâ—â—â—s which made warre vpon the Alexandrians Crassus succéeded Gabinius which was after slayne of the Parthians But after the death of Caesar and sedition rysing euery City was holden by an vsurper the Partheans helping them And nowe hadde they entred Syria Crassus being deade one alluring another from whence Antonie droue them away and made them flée to the Parthians Which being done he put tributes vpon the people and did not pacifie the prouince after the commotion of the Palmirians but diuided his armye into wintering places He went to Cleopatra into Egipt of whome being princely receyued he taried the Winter with hir lyke a priuate man in an other mans kingdome eyther to shewe that the rule perteyned not to him or to be the more fitte to frequent the feastful dayes of the Winter And leauing all cares of a Captaine he put on a Greekes robe and such a garment as the Athenteâ—ses and Egiptians Priestes do vse And he resorted onely to temples scooâ—es and assemblies of Philosophers keping company with the Grecians that obeyed Cleopatra for whose cause hée had as hée sayde made that voyage Caesar Octauian in the meane time fell sicke in his iourney to Rome and verie dangerously at Brundusiâ— where it was sayd he was deade Being recouered he entred the Citie and deliuered Antonies letters to his Captaines who strayght commaunded Calenus to deliuer two legions to Octauian and wrote into Africa to Sextius to deliuer that prouince both the which were done Then dyscharging Lepidus of his suspition he committed Africa to his gouernement and solde such goods of the condemned men as were not yet bought Going about to place his Souldiors in their dwellings and to diuide their landes he founde greate troubles For the Soldiors required euery best Citie in Italie as they were chosen before the warre Contrary those Cities required that all Italy might be contributarie to this diuision or the places of dwelling might be apointed by lot The soldiors also required the valewe of the lands bycause there was no coÌ„mon pay Both olde and yong women and children assembled togither in the Temples and publique places lamenting and complayning that they being natiue of Italy should be putte from theyr houses and landes as prisoners in the warre The people wepte for these miseries and moste of all when they remembred that it was not done for the common wealth but for the priuate lust of a fewe the whiche had ouerthrowne the common weale and now gaue their Soldiours rewardes that they by that gifte should be ready to serue their turnes and stil kâ—epe downe the common state Caesar appeased the Cities and shewed the cause of necessitie and that all was not sufficient And hée sayth truth for the neyghbours were oppressed of the soldiours goyng beyond their boundes catching more than was giuen them taking euer the best Neyther were they frayed by Caesars rebukes nor coÌ„tented with new gifts for they did now litle force of the princes who had néede of their helpe to hold vp their ambition For now the ende of the fiue yeares approched euery one had néede of seuerall helpe to maintayne his Lordship The Soldiours had néede of them to kéepe stil that which was giuen them they had néede of the Souldiours fauour to confirme their rule Caesar also comforted the néedy Soldiours with other gifts borowyng money of Temples wherby he wonne their hartes they beyng thankefull to him as of whome they had receyued their landes and goodes and they that were spoyled crying out vpon him whiche he suffred for the Soldiours sakes Lucius brother to Antonie beyng Consull and his wife Fuluia and Manius that had the ouersight of his things in his absence that this benefite might not séene to be onely of Octauian nor he haue only the thanke and the other generall be defrauded of the fauour of the Soldiours vsed subtill meanes that the placyng of the inhabitauntes might be deferred till Antonies commyng Whiche when it séemed vnpossible for the haste of the Souldiours they desired of Octauian that they mighte place Antonies Souldiours although by agréement it was graunted to Caesar Octauian by Antonie â–ª whiche they denied to be true Therefore bryngyng Fâ—â—luia with Antonies litle children to the campe they besought them instantly not to suffer Antonie to be defrauded of his thankes and renowne that he had gotten Antonies name was then very glorious among the Soldiours and others for the victory at Philippi was attributed to Antonie onely bycause of Caesars sicknesse Though Octauian sawe that couenaunt was broken yette for Antonies sake hée was content to gyue place So Antonies legions were placed wyth very much licence that they shoulde not seeme to bée inferiour to the benefite of Caesar There were other Cities neare to these whose lands were deuided to the Souldiours whiche suffered many iniuries of the Souldiours the Citizens crying to Octauian that diuision of landes was nowe more cruell than proscriptions of lyfe For then enimies were punished now innocentes are plagued Caesar did well perceyue the iniurie but coulde not remedie it For neyther had hée money wherewith to pay the possessours of the lande neyther could the rewardes of victory be deferred for the warres that myght ensue Pompey beyng Lorde of the Sea who caused famine in the Cittie all victuall beyng kepte away Aenobarbus and Murcus hauyng an other army and gatheryng an other nauie and the Souldiours the more vnwillyng excepte they haue promyse kepte and the space of fiue yeares was almoste come so as they muste haue néede of Souldiours and therefore bare with their insolencie In so muche as in the Theatre a common Souldiour wantyng a proper seate wente and satte in the place of a Gentleman The people noted it and Caesar raysed hym The Souldiours were angry at it and when Caesar came from the passe tyme they compassed him and requyred their felow Souldiour whome they thought to be destroyed But when hée came they sayde he came out of pryson whiche bycause hée denied they sayde hée was hyred so to say and was a Traytour to hys company This rudenesse was vsed in the Theatre Beyng called to the diuision into the campe of Mars and comming to it by night they were angry that Caesar tarried so long Nonius a Capitayne rebuked them and tolde them
the yong man gladly and required Prusias to giue the yong man some Cities to dwell in and landes to finde him He aunswered he would shortly giue him all Attalus Kingdome for whose sake he had inuaded Asia before When he had said thus he sente to Rome to accuse Attalus and Nicomedes and to call them into iudgement but Attalus wente with his armie into Bithinia to whome the Bithinians by little and little reuolted Prusias distrusting all men and hoping that the Romanes woulde deliuer hym from this danger obteyned fiue hundred Thracians of Diegelies hys father in lawe and to these onely he committed his body fleeyng into the Castell at Nicaea the Pretor of Rome not bringing Prusias messengers to the Senate spéedily bycause he fauoured Attalus but at last being brought and the Senate commaunding him to choose Embassadors that might ende the warre he chose thrée men of the whiche one had his head stricken with a stone and had an euill fauoured scarre left another had his féete festered with a sore the thyrde was compted an ydiot In so muche as Cato iesting at this Embassage saide it had neyther minde féete nor head The Embassadors went into Bithinia and commanded them to ceasse warre Nicomedes and Attalus dissembling to obey the Senate the Bithinians being set on sayde they coulde not any longer beare the crueltie of Prusias now especially that they were knowen to be against him The Embassadors bycause the Romanes hadde not yet heard of this matter departed doing nothing Prusias despayring of the Romanes in whome he had most trust no help comming by them he went to Nicomedia to get the Citie and to defend himselfe against his enimies but they forsooke him and shutte the gates against him and Nicomedes came with his army and certayne of Nicomedes host being sent of him killed Prusias fléeing to the Temple of Iupiter Thus Nicomedes raigned in Bithinia for Prusias and he in time ending his life hys sonne Nicomedes that was called Philopater â–ª succéeded the Romanes â–ª giuing him his fathers kingdome by decrée of Senate Thus wente the state of Bithinia and if we will learne all the nephewe of this another Nicomedes leste the Romanes hys heire by testament Who ruled Cappadocia before the Macedonians I can not well tell whether they were vnder a King of their owne or vnder Darius It should séeme that Alexander left these nations tributarie to the rulers when he went against Darius and so it semeth that Amisus a Citie of the Athenian kind did bring in the peoples rule according to the Countreys manner And it is sayde of Hieronimus that he did not subdue all these Cities but by the coast of Pamphilia and Cilitia turne another way againste Darius Perdiccas that succéeded Alexander in Macedonia did put to death Ariarathe ruler of Cappadocia eyther for that he reuolted or woulde haue made it for the Macedonians and appoynted for these nations Eumenes of Cardia When Eumenes was destroyed being iudged an enimie to the Macedonians Antipater that after Perdiccas ruled the Countries that Alexander had gotten sente Nicanor to rule Cappadocia And the Macedonians not long after béeyng at ciuill debate Antigonus gote Syria and expuised Laomedonta Mithridates béeyng hys familiar and of the bloud royall of Persia Antigonus dreamed that he did sowe the grounde wyth golde and that Mithridates dyd carrie the golde to Pontus when it was reaped wherefore hée tooke hym and woulde haue kylled hym but he fledde wyth syre Horse and fenced a place in Cappadocia many reuolting to hym In thys tumulte of Macedonie by little and little he gotte Cappadocia and the Nations confynes to Pontus and greately enlarging hys Realme hée lefte it to hys Chyldren They raigned one after another tyll the sirth after the fyrste Mithridates whiche made warre with the Romanes Of this stocke the Kynges of Cappadocia and Pontus conuning I thynke it to bée knowen who diuided the Kingdome some reigning in Cappadocia and some in Pontus Thys Mithridates was first a friend to the Romanes and sente Shyppes and some little helpe agaynste the Carthaginiens that was called Euergetes whyche ouerranne Cappadocia as a straunger And Mithridates hys some succéeded who was named Dionisius and Eupater The Romanes commaunded hym to gyue place in the Kingdome of Cappadocia and to Ariobarzanes that sought to them and thought himselfe to be nygher to that Kingdome than Mithridates or else bycause they suspected the Kyngdome of Mithridates growyng so greate and vnder the hande woulde diuide it into more partes and hée suffered it but agaynste Nicomedes that was of Nicomedes Prusia hys sonne and by the Romanes appoynted to reigne as in his fathers kingdome he sent Socrates brother to Nicomedes that was called Chrestus with an armie Socrates toke the kingdome of Bythinia to himself At this time Mithrias and Bagoas expuising Ariobarzanes whom the Romanes had set in the kingdome of Cappadocia put Ariarathes into it The Romanes did restore bothe Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes into their proper kyngdomes sendyng certaine Embassadours for that purpose whereof Manius Acilius was chiefe and commaunded Lucius Cassius that had a litle armie in Pergamo in Asia to helpe to it and also Mithridates Eupator But hée beyng offended with the Romanes for Cappadocia and by them beyng put from Phrygia as wée haue shewed in the Gréeke matters did not helpe Cassius and Manius with that armie they had and gatheryng a greater of the Galatians and Phrygians sent Nicomedes into Bithynia and Ariobarzanes into Cappadocia and persuaded them bothe beyng neyghboures to Mithridates to molest hys countrey and prouoke hym to warre and the Romanes woulde be their mayntayners in it But bothe they alyke affected durst not prouoke Mithridates fearyng hys mighty power But the Ambassadours â—rgyng them Nicomedes that had promised to gyue the Embassadours muche money for hys restitution and to the Souldiours which yet hée ought and beyng in debte further to the Romanes for money lente hym for hys other matters vnwillyngly hée inuaded Mithridates lande spoyled as farre as the Citie Amastris none resistyng hym or méetyng with hym For albeit Mithridates had hys armie ready yet hée refrayned to haue the more and iuster cause of warre When Nicomedes was returned home with a great pray Mithridates sente Pelopida to the Romane Capitaynes and Embassadours not ignorant that they were his enimies and causes of this inuasion yet he dissembled sought more manifest causes of the warre to come Pelopida told them that Phrygia was taken froÌ„ them and Cappadocia that had alwaies bene his auncestours and left him of his father Phrygia was giuen him of your general as a rewarde for the victorie gotten of Aristonico neuerthelesse redéemed of the same generall with a great summe of money Nowe you sée sayde he that Nicomedes shutteth the mouth of Pontus and spoyleth his land as farre as Amastris and carried away so great a bootie as your
kil themselues and some their children also rather than they shoulde bée â—â—aues Manye citties that then helde with Brutus rebetled shortely after and were subdued of hym againe And for these causes when he came to Labrica that had ofte made peace with him then were disobedient they desired pardon and woulde doe all things at his commaundement He required hostages the Romaine râ—nneawaies and all their armour and lastly that they should leaue their Cittie Al the whiche when they hadde done he called them quietly to an assembly and when he had compassed them with his army he put them in remembraunce how oft they had reuolted and made warre and made them so afraide as they might feare a worse punishement In the ende â—eing satisfied with that rebuke he refrayned from â—urder paine But he tooke from them horse corne and common money and all other publike preparation and beside all their hope suffered them to lyue in their country â–ª Which things when he had thus done he returned to Rome I haue declared al this in the historie of Viriatus In this time other folowing his example exercised robberies and Viriatus â–ª that he might come to some end sente Ditalâ—one and Minâ—râ— to Caepio the whiche being corrupted by many promisesâ— vndertooke to kill Viriatus The matter was tâ—us handled Viriâ—tus vâ—ed little sléepe after moste greate laboures and â—or the moste parte slepte armed that he might be readye at all soâ—â—â—ne chaunâ—es For this cause it was lawfull for hys friends to come to hym by night Whiche manner the conspiratoures knowing and marking the firste houre of hys sléepe entred hys house armed â–ª as for some greate matter and cut hys throate â–ª for in any other parte they could not hurte him And when no man â—eardâ— the noise of the déede for the facilitie of the cutte they escaped to Caepio and required their rewarde To whome he â—orthwith gaue al they did possesse and whatsoeuer was in their power but as touching their rewarde â—ée sente them â—o Roâ—e Viriatus friends and the whole army when it was â—aye â—arried for him and thinking he had rested maruelled at that alteration and so went in and found him dead in his armour wherfore great sorrowe was made in al the Campe euerye man lamenting his harde happe thinking on the danger they were in and the Captaine they had loste and it moste grieued them that they coulde not fynd the killers Therefore they burned his body with muche honoure vppon a great stacke killing many sacrifices in his reuerence and as well the footemen as the horsmen after the Barbarian manner wente aboute the fyre and extolled him to heauen with their praise At laste when the fire was out and the funerals finished they made many turneymeÌ„ts hand to hand at his sepulchre so great loue and desire did Viriatus leaue to his men who thoughe he were a Barbarian yet he was moste skilfull in gouernement most warie in perils and aboue all other bolde in â—espisyng them and moste iuste in diuiding his pray For he could neuer be brought to take any whitte more than the reste althoughe hée were desired and that hée tooke he gaue to the valiant â—ort Wherby it came to passe that is most harde and to this daye hath not happened to any Captaine that hys armye gathered of all kinde of nations eighte yeares togither whiche the warre continued was euer most obedient to him without mutinie and endured to the vttermost moste ready to abide all daunger And when they had created Tantalus for their Captaine they went towarde Sâ—gunt which Cittie when Annibal had destroyed and restored he called it Carthage of the name of his country And being driuen from theÌ„â—e by Caepa that was alwaies at their backes when he had passed the floude Betis béeing wearye he yéelded himselfe and his army to Caepa He tooke al hys armor and appoynted them a good land to lyue in that they shoulde no more be driuen to robbe Nowe oure history shall retourne to the warres of the Vacceans and the Numantines whom Viriatus caused to reuolt Caecilius Metellus sent from Rome with more men shortely ouercame the Vacceans whereby the reste were disco mâ—â—ted put in feare c. ¶ There remayned yet Termantia and Numantia in an hylly place diuided with two floudes and compassed with hylles and thicke wooddes bending into the playne onely one waye at the which part it was fortified with many ditches and pillâ—urs ouerthwart The Numantines were good eight thousand meÌ„ bothe on horse and foote and with so small a number suche was their manlinesse they put the Romanes to muche paine Metellus at the ende of winter deliuered his army to Q. Metellus Aulus his successor in the which was thirtie thousaÌ„d footemen and two thousand horsmen wel armed and practised c. ¶ And when Pompeius had his campe at Numantia from thence went into a certaine place the Numantines descending from an hil destroyed his horsemen that ranne to him Who when hée was retourned broughte foorthe his batayle to fyghte in the playne The enimies comming down gaue a charge vpon hym and by by as though they had bin afraide retired vnto the hil till they had brought theÌ„ to the places where the ditches and ouerthwart beames were layde so as Pompey perceyuing he was in these skirmishes ouermatched of them that were inferioure to hym he tourned hys armie towarde Termantia thinking to doe better there where they fought with him to his losse of seauen hundred Beside that the Termantines put a Tribune to flight that was comming with victuals and in one day giuyng thrée onsets on the Romaynes they droue them thrice into sharpe and rocky places and threwe many of their footemen and horsemen togither with their horses from the hylles and rockes so as the reste being afraide remayned al night in armor and when it was day comming foorth in order of battaile they fought doubtfullye till night ended the fight Pompey in the night made hast to Malia wyth his horsemen whiche place the Numantines helde with a garrison But the Malians killing the garrison by treason deliuered the Citie to Pompey who receyuing armoure and pledges of them went to Sueditania which a certayne Capitaine named Tanginus did spoyle wyth his armie Pompey fought with him and ouerthrewe him and tooke manye of hys souldyoures But suche manhoode was in these théeues as none of them woulde lyue Captiue but some killed themselues some theyr Maisters some made holes in the â—hip that caried theÌ„ to sincke it Pompey beyng returned to Numantia went about to turne the floude that was in the playne an other waye that he mighte presse the Citie with famine The Townsemen droue the labourers from their worke and comming by bandes without trumpet they threwe darts and arrowes vpon them that they should â–ª not tourne the floude and fought at hande with them that
and thys he wylled Heraclides to speake â—pentyâ— â—ut priuatelye to offer Publius Scipio promise of much money from Antiochus and also the libertye of hys sonne For Antiochus had taken him in Grecia sayling from Calcide to Diametriade And this son of Scipios was he that tooke and destroyed Carthage the seconde time and the seconde man that was named Affricanus sonne of Paulus that ouercame Perseus of Macedonia beyng Scipio his sisters sonne by degrée and hys sonne by adoption The Scipions openly made thys aunswere to Heraclide That if Antiochus will haue peace he muste not only leaue the Citties of Ionia and Aeolia but all the Countrey aboute Taurus and defraye the whole charges of the warre of the whiche he hath bin the cause Yet priuatelye Publius saide thus to him If Antiochus had offered these conditions of peace when hée hadde Lysimachia and Cherronesus the Romanes woulde willinglye haue accepted it and peraduenture if he hadde forbidde onely to passe Hellespont But nowe that they were vppon the lande and in safe place and hadde not onely the bridle as they say but also were mounted the horse with the bridle they woulde not accept suche conditions by wordes And that he did giue the Kyng thankes for hys great offer and woulde gyue hym greater if he sent him his sonne And for the present time would wysh him to take the conditions béefore he were driuen to the proofe of greater burden When that Publius hadde saide thus he went to Elaea for his healthe leauing Cneus Domitius legate to his brother Antiochus as Phillippe of Macedonie thinking no more coulde be taken from hym by this war than was propounded gathered his armye in the plaine uf Thyatira not farre from hys enimies and sente Scipio his sonne to Elaea and bée counselled the bringers that the Kyng shoulde not fighte tyll hee came againe to the Campe. Antiochus giuing credite to hym encamped at the hill Sipylâ— and defenced hys Campe wyth a strong wall and put the floud Phrygâ—â— betwéene him and his enimies Domitius being desirous to trie the fight by himselfe passed the floud very boldly and going within two myle and an halfe of Antiochus encamped there foure dayes togither Either of them set their men in order before their Camps neyther of theÌ„ beginning the fight The fifth day Domitius set in order againe and came forth very proudely and when Antiochus came not against him he remoued his Camp nigher to him One day béeing past he proclaymed in the hearing of the enimies that hée would the next day fight whether Antiochus woulde or no. Hée being troubled again changed his purpose and where he might haue kept within his Camp or manfully resist these till Publius had come he thought it a shame to refuse the fighte being more in number wherefore he toke order for the battell and both of them came forth at the last watch being yet nighte and eyther of them thus arayed themselues Tenne thousand of the Romane footemen helde the left wing at the very floud and with them were other tenne thousande Italians in thrée seuerall bands With the Italians the army of Eumenes was placed and the target men of Achaia about thrée thousand This was the left battell The right was the horsemen of the Romanes Italians and Eumenes and they no more but thrée thousand There was mixed with them all the light armed and the archers And about Domitius was foure bandes of horsemen All these made thirtie thousand Domitius ledde the right battell In the middle he placed the Consull The left battell he committed to Eumenes â–ª The Elephants that he had out of Libya he thoughte to be to no purpose for they be lesse that be at Libya and afrayde of the greater and they were but few and therefore sette them last of all This was the Romanes order Antiochus armye was lâ—x M. of the whiche the surest was the Macedonians battaile called Phalanx conteining .xvj. M. men firste appointed by Alexander and Philip. It standeth in the middest diuided by a thousand and sixe hundred into ten parts and of euery parte of these in the front were fifty men and in the middest two and thirtie and in y side of eyther part two and tweÌ„ty The sight of this Phalanx was like a wall the ElephaÌ„ts seemed like Towers This was the midde battel of Antiochus The Horsemen were on eyther side of it The men of armes of the Galatians and the choyce horsemen of Macedonia called of them Agema These were equally on eyther side the greate battell There were wings beside these In the righte wing were light armed Souldioures and other Horsemen with siluer shieldes and archers on horsebacke two hundred The lefte wing helde the nations of the Galatians Tectosagans Trocmans and Tolistouians and certaine Cappadocians whome Ariarathes sente and other strangers mingled To these were ioyned another company of men of armes and of hys confederates with lighte armour This order made Antiochus séeming to put his trust in the Horsemen whome being many he placed in the front and very vnskilfully hée thrust the greate battell in a streighte place in the whiche hée ought to haue put his trust being most strong There was also a greate number of â—â—ingers archers darters and target men of Phrygians Lydians Pamphylians Pisidians Cretes Trallians and Cilicians all armed after the manner of Creta There were other archers on horsebacke to these Daceans Museans Aâ—lymeans and Arabians which being set vppon most swift Camels they shoote easilie from high and when they be at hand vse long and narrowe swords The armed Chariots were placed at the beginning in the firste fâ—oute and were commaunded when they had giueÌ„ the first push to giue backe The fight was like two armies the one to begin the battell and the other to lye in waite Either of them being made to as muche terror as coulde be both in number and forme Antiochus hymselfe ledde the horsemen of the righte wing The left side hys â—onne Seleucus gouerned Of the Phalanx Philip the maister of the Elephants had the charge Of the fore-ward Medis and Zâ—â—xâ—â— The day being cloudy and darke the sight was taken away of this preparation and all the bowes were the worse as in the aire moist and thicke Which when Eumones considered he passed not of all the rest only he feared most the violence of the armed Chariots Therefore he gathered togither the archers and dariers and other lighte harnesse commaunding them to goe againste the Chariots and to shoote agaynste the Horses and not the men for the horse in the Chariot striuing with hys yoke the rest of the Chariot is made vnprofitable and many times breaketh the other battels men being afrayne of the sithes as it came then to passe For when the Horses were stricken so thicke and the Chariots carried backe of the horses the Camels felte the disorder first being next the Cartes and after them
to Massinissa from Sophonisba Syphax wife to excuse the necessitie of that mariage Massinisse receyueth hir gladly and went againe to Scipio leauing hir at Cyrta to sée what was best to be done hereafter Scipio sayd to Syphax What Spirite tooke thée when thou wast a friend to me praying me to come into Libya to breake thy faith with God by whom thou diddest sweare after God to breake it with the Romanes to choose to make warre for Carthage against the Romanes séeing the Carthaginians not long before were thyne enimies He said Sophonisba the daughter of Asdruball whome I loued to my losse she louing hir Country so deatly able to perswade a man to what she list turned me from you to hir couÌ„try and from so greate felicitie hath brought me to so great misery Therefore I counsell thée for nowe being yours and put from Sophinisba I ought to be sure vnto you to kéepe Sophonisba least she turne Massinissa to what she wil for it cannot be hoped that she wil take the Romanes part so greatly doth she loue hir Citie This he spake eyther truly or for gelousie of Massinissa to hinder him as much as he could Scipio perceyuing Syphax to bee wise expert in that couÌ„try led him about with him made him priuy of his mind counsel as Cyrus vsed Craesus king of Libya When Laelius was come said he heard as much of Sophonisba to bée of many reported Scipio commanded Massinissa to deliuer Sophonisba Syphax wife He refusing it excusing that was done afore Scipio commanded him more sharply not to with-holde by violence a Romane prisoner but to bring hir forth then to alleadge and say what he could Then went Massinissa with the Romanes to deliuer Sophonisba But priuily he came firste to hir brought hir a poyson told hir she must presentlye drinke it or remayne a flaue to the Romanes speaking no more he tooke his horse Shée shewing the cuppe to hir nurse prayed hir not to bewaile hir noble death and drunke the poyson Massinissa shewed hir to the Romanes and when he had buryed hir honorably he retourned to Scipio He praysed hym and tolde him he was rid of an euill woman and crowned hym for his seruice against Syphax and gaue him many gifts When Syphax was come to Rome some thought good to saue hym bicause he had bin a friend to the Romanes in Iberia some thought to punish him bycause he had made warre against his friendes but he being sicke for sorrow dyed Asdrubal hauing wel exercised hys souldiors sent to Mago y was generall of the Carthaginians that he would make him his fellow in y war she wing that there were many Iberians with Scipio whom if a man woulde corrupte with golde promise they might burne Scipio his Camp and he if the time were prescribed would be at the feate WheÌ„ Hanno heard this he wrought wiles against Asdrubal yet he dyd not refuse the enterprise but sente a faithfull man with gold as a run-away into Scipios Campe who persuading suche as he found corrupted many the day being appointed he returned to Hanno who sent to Asdrubal of the day WheÌ„ Scipio sacrificed euident danger of fire was signified who sent aboute the campe to sée if there were any great fire and to put it oute And thus he sacrificed many dayes and alwaies the sacrifice shewed fire wherefore he was grieued and determined to change his campe An Iberian seruant to a horseman of Rome being tolde of y conspirators fained as he had bin made priuie so learned al. told it to his maister who brought him to Scipio bewrayed al. Scipio killed them threwe their heads oute of the camp Hanno percevued it soone being so nighe came not at the daye appointed But Asdrubal being ignorant came when he saw the number of y dead hée suspected the matter retired TheÌ„ did Hanno greatlye accuse hym to the multitude that he shoulde come to Scipio to betray him he woulde not receyue him And Asdrubal after this was in more hate at Carthage About this tyme Amilchar secreatlye sayling vppon the Romane Nauye tooke one galley and sixe Shyppes Hanno came vpon them that besiâ—ged Vtica and was repulsed Scipio hauing bin so long at the siege of Vtica and doyng no good dissolued his campe and sent his munition agaynst the Citie of Hippon and doing no good there burned his vnprositable engins and ranged the Countrey some he receiued to amitie and some he destroyed The Carthaginians being weary of so many displeasures made Annibal Generall and sent an Admirall with a nauy to haste hys commyng and in the meane tyme they sent Embassadors to Scipio for peace thinking to obtaine one of these either to haue peace or delay of time till Annibal came Scipio gaue them a truce and taking the costes of his Campe gaue them leaue to sende messengers to Rome They sent and yet kepte warde in the Cittie as they hadde bin still enimies Béeyng broughte into the Senate they desired forgiuenesse of their faulte The Senatoures partely accused the Carthaginians of their infidelitie whiche they had so oft made and broken and what hurt Annibal had done the Romanes and their confederats the Iberians and Italians Part of them thought this peace was as profitable for them as for the Carthaginians Italie béeyng wasted wyth so manye euills and vttering their feare of things to come Anniball saylyng out of Italie and Mag. from Liguriâ— and Hanno from Carthage wyth greate armies againste Scipio Uppon the which the Senate doubting sent counselloures to Scipio with whom he might from hencesorth conferre and do that should séeme expedient He made peace with Carthage with these conditions 1 That Mâ—go shoulde saile from Ligunia out of hande and â—â— om henceforth leadenâ— straunge armies 2 That they should haue no more but thirtie galâ—tes â–ª 3 That they shoulde not meddle beyonde the â—â—â—châ— called Phâ—â—â—tiâ—â— 4 That they should deliuer all the priâ—oners and run awaics to the Romanes 5 That they should pay them in tyme. 1600. talents of siluer 6 That Massinâ—ssâ— should haue the Masâ—lians and what he could get of â—â—â—hax lande These were the conditions and ambassadours sayled to Rome to sweare to them before the Consuls and so did some from Rome to haue them sworne at Carthage The Romaynes rewarded Massinissa wyth giftes of consederacie they sent him a crown of gold and a signet of gold and a Chayre of Juoriâ— and a purple garment and a robe of Rome and a horse trapped with golde and an armour for hys whole body When this was done Annibal sayled to Carthage against hys will suspecting the vnfaythfulnesse and disobedience of the people to their ralers and thinking the peace woulde not be made and if it were made would not long hold he went to a Citie of Libya Adrumete
to do a notable feate againe Firste he mette with the Massulians and fought with them and this fighte was onely betwéene Massinissa and Anniball They fiercelye going to it Massinissa stroke Annibals target he hitte Massinissas Horse who being a foote flewe vppon Anniball and killed his Horse comming vppon hym before all other The dartes of the other he receyued vppon hys shielde and drewe one of them that stucke vppon it and threw it at Annibal missing him and killed the nexte Horse Then drawing out another he was wounded on the arme and went oute of the battell for a whyle When Sâ—â—piâ— hearde of it he was afrayde of Massinassa and came to the fraye and found Massinissa horsed and going to the field againe hauing tyed his wound The fight was equall agayne and very sore on both fides eyther being afrayde of their capitaynes tyll Annibal dydde see the Iberians and Frenchmen ne staying vppon an hill and roade to them to bring them forth againe They that foughte not knowing the cause thinkyng his going had bin a flying lefte the fighte willyngly and fledde disorderedly not lookyng toward Annibal but euery man where he coulde Thus they brake and the Romaines as the fielde hadde bene fully gotte pursued them out of order neyther they vnderstanding of Annibals purpose who returned with the Spaniards and Frenchmen Wherefore Scipio called his men againe from the chase with spéede and set them in order being more than they that came from the hyll wherefore he mighte the more easily resist them Annibal being deceyued of this laste hope fledde now vtterly dispayring of all things Manye horsemen followed him specially Massinissa beyng grieued with his wounde euer at hande and desirous to haue brought him prisoner to Scipto but the night diuided them and Annibal in the darke with twentie horsemen that could folow him fled into a Cittie called Thonne whither when he vnderstoode that many horsemen of Bâ—utia and Iberia were come from the field and fearing the Iberians as barbarous and cruel and doubting the Brutians being Italians and countrey men to Scipio least they woulde leade him to Scipio to be forgiuen their faulte against Italiâ— priuily he fled with one horseman whom he trusted best and running three thousand â—urlongs in two nightes and two dayes he came to a Citie at the sea called Adrumetâ— where parte of his armye was for victuall sending aboute and gathering them that fledde he made armoure and munition Scipio hauing got so noble a victorie burned the vnprofytable spoyle beyng gyrded as the Romanes Generalls be went He sent to Rome ten talents of golde and .ij. M .v. C. of siluer and wrought Iuorie and the most noble prisoners Lâ—lius being the messenger of the victorie The reste he tooke to honor his souldiours and gaue giftes to them that did beste and to Massinissa a Crowne and then he went and tooke the Cities And this was the ende of Annibal and Scipios fighte in Libya and the first time that they fought togither There dyed of the Romaynes two thousand fiue hundred and of Massinissas more of the enimies fiue and twenty thousand of prisoners were taken eighte thousande fiue hundred of the Iberians thrée hundred yeelded to Scipio of the Numidians eight hundred to Massinissa Neyther the Carthaginians nor the Romanes yet hearing of it they of Carthage sent to Mago gathering yet Frenchemen to inuade Italie if hée coulde or to sayle into Libyâ— wyth hys hyred souldioures The Romanes intercepting these letters sent to Scipio an other army of horse and footemen and Shyppes and money Scipio sent Octauius by lande to Carthage and hymselfe went by water When they of Carthage vnderstoode Annibals ouerthrow they seÌ„t Ambassadours in a pynnesse of the which Hanno Magnus and Asdrubal Haedus were chiefe They set vp a banner of peace on the stemme and held vp their hands to Scipio desiring pardon Hée willed them to go to the Campe where he being placed vpon an highe seate gaue them audience They with teares fell to the grounde and being taken vp of the officers were commaunded to say what they woulde Then Annibal 〈◊〉 spake It is my parte O Romanes and this Hanno and as manye as be wise in Carthage to cleare oure selues of this faulte that you put vppon vs For your Embassadoures whom oure people being driuen by hunger offended we saued and sent home yet wée muste not blame all Carthage for some desired peace firste and they had it and kepte it firmely Cities be soone drawne to the worst that whiche is pleasant preuayleth euer with the multitude whiche we haue proued beyng neither able to perswade them nor to stay them For they that did accuse vs and take frée spéeche from vs do not iudge vs O Romanes of our obedience or counsell but if it séemeth a saulte to be slowe to obey blame hunger and the necessitie that droue vs to it for it was not a coÌ„strained act of them so desire peace before and gyue so much money and to deliuer al our long ships saue a fewe and to yéelde a great parte of oure dominion and to sweare to them and to send our othe to Rome our Ambassadors being yet with you and willingly to offend But a manne may blame God chiefly and the storme that droue your corne to Carthage Beside the storme huÌ„ger tooke you that cannot consider well of other mens things beyng in néede of all thinges nor require good reason of a rude and myserable multitude But if you iudge vs to do vniustlye not to be in miserye we confesse and pray forgiuenesse Justification is of them that do not offend and submission of them that do offende to the which the mercy of them that be in prosperitie ought to be the readier beholding the chaunces of men and considering the sodaine mutations that now we do crie for pardon that yesterday were able to do hurte as the citie of Carthage the greatest and mightiest of Libya both in shippes money and Elephants and in army of foote and horsemen many subiects haue flourished these 700. yeares and ruled al Libya and other nations and Ilandes and so great a part of the sea comming against you many times in contention and nowe neyther in Shyppes nor Elephants nor horse nor subiects all the whiche you haue taken from vs haue any hope of helpe but in you whom we haue euill vsed before The whiche you consideryng and marking the alteration of them ought to vse your felicitie the more temperately and doe that shall séeme worthye for your magnanimitie O Romanes and the fortune that Carthage sometime had to put the mutations of â—ate in our misfortunes voide of enuy you may be without blame afore God and deserue prayse of all men There is no feare nowe that the Carthaginians wyll rebel whom so great repentance and paine of their former follie doth fall vppon Good counsell is the kéeper of
poysoning toke a readier way by choking him and the Parthian army being gone to Mesopotamia the kings Captaines made Labinius the Romayne their General meaning to inuade Syria or to go with hym as farre as Alexandria and he leading the Parthians from Euphrates and Syria to Lydia Ionia wasting Asia Antonie hearing of it prepared to go against the Parthians but being called home by the letters of his wife Fuluia sent to him with wéeping he turned into Italie and being at accorde with Caesar and Pompey that ruled Sicâ—lie he sent againe into Asia Ventidius to represse the Parthians coÌ„ming forewarde and for fauour was made the holy minister of the former Caesar Other things they did in coÌ„moÌ„ and friendly in ciuil â–ª and moste greate matters There was a prophete with him of Aegipt that was cunning in mens natiuities he eyther to gratifye Cleopatra or to tell the truth spake to Antonie fréely saying Thy fortune that is most noble and great is ouerlayde of Caesars and counselled him to be as farre of as he coulde from the yong man For thine Angel sayd the wise maÌ„ feareth his Angell and it appeared that Antonie gaue credite to it and thought the better of the Aegiptian So committyng his things to Caesar he sayled into Grecia And whylest he was at Athenes the first newes came of Ventidius good procéedings y he had ouercome the Parthians and slaine Labinius and Phraartes the chiefe Captaynes of king Orodes After this he feasted the Grecians was made ruler of the Athenians schole When he went to the warre he ware a garlande of holy Oliue and according to an oracle carried with hym a vessel ful of the fouÌ„tain of Clepsidra Then was it tolde y Ventidius had ouerthrown Pacorus the kings sonne with a great armie of the Parthians inuading Syria agayne at Cyristica and that many were slain among the whiche Pacorus was one of the firste This acte was one of the noblest in the which she Romanes reuenged the misfortune of Crassus and droue the Parthians againe into Media and Mesopotamia being ouercome in thrée battells togither Ventidius refrayned to followe the Parthians any further fearing the enuy of Antonie Them that reuolted he recouered againe and besieged Antiochus Comagenus in the Cittie of Samosatis offring a thousand talents and to doe what Antonie should command him Ventidius badde him sende to Antonie for he was at hand and Ventidius wold haue Antiochus make his peace there that this acte mighte redounde to his honoure leaste all shoulde séeme to be done by VeÌ„tidius But the siege continuing longer and the inhabitance for desperatioÌ„ of peace turning to courage of heartes Antonie was content to let â–ª Antiochus go for thrée hundred talents And when he had tarryed a while in Syria he returned to Athens and rewarding Ventidius as he was worthie sent him to triumphe He only to that day did triumphe of the Parthians a man of base byrth comming to so great an estimation of waighty matters by Antonies friendship which he vsing wisely made the saying of Caesar Antonie to be found true that they were more fortunate by other Captaines than by themselues For Sosius Antonies Lieutenaunt in Syria dydde many things and Canidius lefte of him in Armenia He ouercame the Hiberian and Albanian Kings and droue them as farre as Caucasus whereby Antonies name was renoumed among the Barbarians After that Phraartes had killed his father Orodes and taken the Kingdome many Parthians fledde away Monesius a noble and a mighty man fledde to Antonie There he waying this mans fortune with Themistocles and comparing his power with the kings of Persia gaue him thrée Cities Larissa Arethusa and Hierapolis whom before they called Bambyce But when Monesius was called home againe by the king he did let him goe meaning so to deceiue the King by hope of peace and being desirous to recouer the ensignes of Crassus and the captiues that were aliue he sent Cleopatra into Aegipt and went into Arabia and Armenia to gather his power and the confederate kings for they were many But the greatest was Artabazes of Armenia giuing sixe thousande horse and seauen thousand footmen When he mustred his men there were .lx. M. footemen and of the Romanes ordinarie horsemen and the Iberians and Frenchmen ten thousand Of other nations there was thirty thousand with horsmen and shotte This so great preparation and power that made the Bactrians and Indians afrayde and all Asia to shake they saye that Cleopatra made to come to little profite for making haste to winter with hir he tooke not due time for the warre vsing al things confusedly not as one that had his wittes but abused with his sorceries and witchcrafts of hir that he thought more to make haste to hir than to get victorie of his ennimies For where he oughte to haue wintred in Armenia and rested his weary army that had gone .viij. M. furlongs and before the Parthians had come from their winterings to inuade Media in the beginning of the Spring he would not tarry the time but so led his army as he had Armenia on his lefte hande and when he came to Atropatea he wasted that region Then hauing engines necessarie for to ouerthrowe cities which followed the campe with thrée hundred Chariots in the whiche there was one called a Ramme of the length of foure score foote which if it were broken coulde not be made againe bicause he ledde the armye in a Countrey plaine and barren of wood of any length or hardnesse he left theÌ„ behind him as impediments to his haste appointing a â—and and a Captain to kepe the same and he besieged Phraata a greate Cittie in the whiche the wife and children of the King of Media were And then féeling the want of the engines he knewe he had erred in leauing them behind him and therefore would winne the Citie by mountes whiche was a great labour and a slowe diuise Nowe came the King Phraartes with a great army who hearing of the leauing of the cariage of the engines sent many horsmeÌ„ for theÌ„ of whom Statianus being chiefe of the Romanes was killed and ten thousande with him The Barbarians tooke the engines and destroyed manye people in the whiche was Polemon a king This made Antonies army afraide as it might to receiue such a losse at the beginning Artabasses the Armenian king dyspayring of the Romaines returned home with his army albeit he was the cause of the war. They that were besieged trusted vpon the Parthians so muche as they vsed spitefull language Antonie not thinking good his souldiours courage shoulde be abated by lying ydly there loke tenne legions and three bandes of the guarde and all hys horsemen and wente to forage thinking so to prouoke hys enimies to fighte and to deale with them orderly Being gone one onely dayes iourney when
in suche a feare as none woulde go to the fourth Caesar rebuked them from the Tower but they woulde neuer the sooner goe Wherefore he tooke a shield and ran to the bridge with him Agrippa Hierom and Lucius that were Capitaines Volas one of his Guard only these .iiij. â–ª and fewe other Tergatebearers went on the bridge When Caesar was on the bridge the Souldioures being ashamed ranne straighte vnto him by the reason whereof the bridge being ouer laden brake and manye fell to the grounde of the whiche some dyed Caesar béeyng hurte on the right leg the arme went to the tower again some of the chiefe following him that he might shewe himselfe euidently to bée aliue least some tumulte might be made for his death or the enimies thinke he had fled and by by commanded an other bridge to be made which thing chiefly made the Metulians afraide The next day sending Embassadors for peace they promised to deliuer v. C. pledges receiue a garrisoÌ„ And leauing the higher hill they al went into the other When y garrison coÌ„manded theÌ„ to leaue their armor they were grieued putting their wiues children in their Senatehouse receyuing the garrison they tolde the Romanes that if they required of them any vnreasonable thing they would burne that place set vpon the Romanes for desperation Which when they had said they al went from the lowe place to the higher Then the garrison set y house afyre many of the women killed themselues their children some broughte their children aliue threw theÌ„ into the fire So al the youth of the Metulians perished with battaile the vnprofitable sort with fire the city was so burned that as great as it was there was not a tokeÌ„ lefte of it The Metulians being ouercome the rest of the Iapodans yéelded to Caesar Thus the Iapodans beyond the Alpes became subiecte to the Romanes When Caesar was gone the Possemans rebelled whom Marcus Elbius ouercame killed theÌ„ that were cause of the rebellion made the rest slaues The Romanes hauing gone twice against the Segestanes neither tooke hostages nor any thing else from them wherefore they were the more boldened Caesar went against them through the Paeonian land who wer not yet obedient to the Romanes Their land is woddy stretcheth aloÌ„g from the Iapodans to the Dardanans The Paeontans haue no cities but lands houses togither nor any common Justice or Princes to rule ouer them They had an C. M. fighting men of the best yeres but bicause they had none to command theÌ„ they came not togither WheÌ„ Caesar came they ran into the wooddes if they found any stragling they killed them Caesar thinking they wold haue come to him did neither burne their fields nor their villages but bicause they came not he set all on sire and eight dayes togither did them much harme and so passed to the floude Saâ—us in the banke of the whiche was a Cittie strong by the floude and a great ditche Wherfore Caesar assaulted it as a store house for the warre against the Daceans Bastarnans which dwell beyond Hister This floude in that place is called Danubius and going to other lower places hath the name of Hister Saâ—us reÌ„neth into it Caesar had shippes in the floude that might bryng victuall to the armie by Danubio for this Caesar would haue the citie of Segesta as he went forward The Segestanes sent Embassadours vnto him to know what they should doe he willed theÌ„ to receyue garrison and deliuer pledges that he might haue their citie as a store house for his warre against the Daceans as much corne as they could bring The chiefe men thought good to do it but the people began to rage and cared not for the hostages bicause they should be of the great meÌ„ but when the garrison came they could not abide to sée them but ranne vpoÌ„ them furiously and shutte the gates and shewed themselues agayne vpon the walles Wherefore Caesar made a bridge euer the floudde and raysed trenches ditches about it And when he had shut them in their citie he erected two mountes which they hindred as much as they might but when they could not defeate the mountes they threwe fire and burning linkes vpoÌ„ them froÌ„ an higher place Ayde was comming to them from an other nation of the Paeonians against whome Caesar layee ambushes and so killed parte of them and parte fledde so as there came no more helpe to the Segestans They enduring the siege very valiantly were ouercome the .xxx. day at a harde fight and then learned to make supplication whose ver ue Caesar marueling and moued with pitie of their prayers did not kill them or otherwise molest them but punished them by the purse and placed them in an outwarde parte of the Citie and put in thirtie bands for their garrison This done he went to Rome to returne againe into Illyria When it was tolde that the Segestanes had slayne the garrison whiche was in the Citie he came agayne with all spéede though it were winter Then hearing the rumor to be false he vnderstoode of truth that they were in daunger That the Segetanes had sodainly sette vppon them and killed many but that the next day the souldiours had giuen an onset vpon the Citizens and gotten the Citie Wherfore he turned his warre to the Dalmatians an other nation of the Illyrians next the TaulaÌ„tians The Dalmatians after they had giuen an ouerthrowe of fiue bandes vnder Gabinius and taken fiue ensignes they were proude of their prosperitie were in armour ten yeares togither and when Caesar came decréede to helpe the Segestanes They were aboue 12000. good fighting meÌ„ had made one Versus their captaine He inuaded again Pomona a citie of that Liburnians defensed it with trenche ditch got other strong places of that country For it is al hillie the toppes whereof stand vp like pynacles The greater part of theÌ„ were in the Citie and the rest kept the hil toppes so as they mighte easily sée the Romanes armye Caesar dessembled as thoughe he would enclose them al in a wall but priuily bad the bolde sorte to go to the mountaynes to espie what was to be done there They going by the woods secretly in the night set vpon the kepers whom being yet asléepe they killed and signifyed to Caesar that they were at the end of their iourney and must haue more men to get the Citie and let some go from the hils to tel others that were in other mountaines Wherfore the Barbarians were put into great feare when they saw themselues beset on euery side chiefly they that were in the higher hils for lacke of water fearing the wayes would be shut on all sides they got theÌ„ into Pomona Caesar enclosed the Citie two of the highest hylles
vvaying as muche as a sterlâ—ng groat after eight groates to an ovvnce Salustius in danger Caesar among his seditious souldioures Caesar vvsâ—doâ— aâ—â—nâ— his â—â—â— oâ— ting Souldâ—oâ—s Souldioures repent them The tenth legioÌ„ desireth to bee punished Reggio is the fâ—rtheâ— tovvne in Italy tovvardes 〈…〉 foreâ—ande of 〈…〉 Caesar sayleth into 〈…〉 〈…〉 Cittye in 〈…〉 〈…〉 myâ—es from Carthage A Senate in Lybia of three â—aÌ„dred Romaines Adrumeto a City in Affrica farie from Carthage Labienus Petreius putteth Caesar backe Petreius folovveth not the vnstorye Caesars fortune The dâ—â—â—ger of Caesar 〈…〉 〈…〉 â—occhus King of the Moores that deliuered â—ugurtha to Sylla Ciâ—tha a Citie of Numidia novve Constana vvhere Iugurth kylled Adherâ—all The fifth Legion giueth the Elephant in aâ— enâ—â—gne Caesars Victory Caesars felicitie Vnskilfulnesse The noblemen of Rome flee Cato to the Vâ—icenses 〈…〉 〈…〉 of the Soule Cato strike â—◠〈…〉 The death of Cato The singularitie of Cato 〈…〉 Anticato Iuba and Petreius killed themselues one another Crispus Salustius Lieutenant Yong Pompey Caesar putteth to death Scipio drovvned Triumph of Caesar Iuba Lamentable shevves AffectioÌ„s of the people A talent of the least varne vvas one hundred poundes vvhich is colled the lesse taleÌ„t of 〈…〉 The greater talent o◠〈…〉 vvas aboute 23â— pounde There vvere other talentes vvhereof soule vvere 400. pound A 〈…〉 me of 〈…〉 conteyned sixe 〈…〉 vv 〈…〉 vvas much â—â—ke oure halfeâ—eny and one hundred drammes made an 〈…〉 pound Shevves by Caesar Venus Temple The Romaines Court like to our Exchange Place of conference Image of Cleopatra Decay of people Caesar made Consull Povver in Spayne Yong Pompey refuseth auntient counsell Caesar into Spayn Feare of his Souldyoures Rashnesse of yong Pompey Corduba a Citie in Spayne the countrey of both Seneca and Inâ—ane the Poet novve Cordâ—â—â— Feare in Caesars army Some vvrighte that this fight vvas giuen at Monda vvhich is novv Mundesara the places not being farre asunder some name the one and some the other Danger of Caesar Caesars saying of this fight A trench made of dead bodyes Corduba taken Scapula Varus and Labienus killeâ— Pompey fleeth Carteia is a Citie in Granado novv Tarifa Pompey huâ—â— Pompey the elder â—onne slayne Pompey the yonger brother Caesar honored 〈…〉 The great 〈…〉 of the ◠〈…〉 â—ut 〈…〉 gâ—â—e Crovvnes or garlandes to them that had â—onâ— vvorthy 〈…〉 â—â—â—her of the â—â—â—â—trey â—â—tator perâ—â—â—â—â— Honoures giuen â—â— Casar Holy dayes Quintilis Iulius Temples â—edâ—caâ—ed to Caesar Caesar refusetâ— the name of â—yng Caesars statelines Occasion of hate 〈…〉 Caesar and Antonius Câ—nsulâ— The clemenâ—â—â— of Caesar Caesâ—r deceyueth the peoples opinion A Crovvne vpoÌ„ Casâ—s Image by one that vvas apprehended of the Tribunes Marullus and Sitiâ—s Caesar accepteth not the name of a King. Caesar angrye vvith the Tribunes causeth â—â—spâ—â—â—on of Kingdome Caesar vvarred Ansvvere of Caesar touching a gard of his person 〈…〉 vvere shevves of naked Priestes in the honoure of â—aâ—â—â— Antony setteth a Crovvne on 〈…〉 head Caesar hath the falling sicknesse â—ete Sâ—ithiâ—â—s in Europa â— Voyagâ— into Parthie Prophecie Enuie Conspiratours M. â—rutus Ca. Cassius D. Brutus Cloaked contention Caesars care of Brutus Brutus 〈…〉 〈…〉 More CoÌ„spiraâ—oâ—â—es Romulus vvas thoughte to be corne a peeces of the Seâ—â—te Consultation of Caesars death Caesar at a banquct Sodayne deathe beste Caesars vvife a fearefull dream Sacrifices vnprosperous Impediments to the conspiracie Theatre of Pompey Disclosing 〈…〉 â—â—d the â—uer â—â—â—ht of hoâ—seâ—â—â—â—pleâ— aâ—◠〈…〉 Prayer â—â—â—â—ition of disâ—â—â—ing A booke of the Conspiracie Feare to the coÌ„spiratoures Sacrifices Caesar contem â–ª neth the sacrifiâ—es of â—â—il luck Tâ—â—â—â—us The 〈…〉 Caesar giueâ—â— ouer vvheâ— Brutus had â—â—â—ken â—â—m and some vvrite that he sayd vvhat thou aâ—â—â— sonne Confusion Antony Lepidu◠〈…〉 〈…〉 in the 〈…〉 Three men only caâ—e vvith Caesar Liberty They that sought prayse found payne The â—â—â—â—e of 〈…〉 〈…〉 Causes of corruption as Rome Distribution of Corne. Maisterle â—â—men Cynna accuseth Caesarâ— Dolabella â—â—â—â—â—â— and Cassius to the people 〈…〉 The deuice of Antony and Lepidus Antonyes aunsvvere Casars money and vvâ—itings sent to Antony The Senate in the Temple of the Gods of the earth A Tault against 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 ing the 〈◊〉 Antony â–ª â—â—tteâ—â—â—â— Antonyâ—s â—â—â—tâ—on Dolabella changed A nevv stâ—rrâ— by Antony Lepidus to the people Caesars Priestoode offered to Lepidue Aâ—tâ—ny to the Senate Decrees A decree for habitations 〈…〉 〈…〉 Tâ—â—â—â—ment â—â—â— to the people Caesars Testament 〈…〉 to the people Cicero This forgetfulnesse vvas called Amnâ—ftis after the maner of the Grâ—â— ans Prutus and Cassius reconsiled vvith the Consulles Casars testameÌ„t Octauius This dramme vvas the value of a grote Decimus Brutus heyre to Caesar in remaynder The people turned Antony of Caesaâ— Antoniâ—â— gesture in the time of the tunerall of Caesar Caesars shape shevved in vvaxe Change of peoples â—â—â—des The Senate house set a fire vvherein Caesar vvas killed One Cynna kâ—led an other T inuite and rage of people â–ª Caesars fâ—ueraâ—â—â— A Temple to Caesar The Romaines vsed to giue diuine honours â—â— their princes 〈…〉 in Marche she 9. dayes follovving the first 7. daies Caesar scorneth the Soothsaiers A comparison betvvene Alexander and Caesar Ammon in the dserts oâ—â—â—â—â—t vvhere â—â—pâ—ter gaue oâ—aâ—les In India at the plâ—â—e called 〈…〉 Pamphilia in Asia the lesse Alexanders aâ—â—â— Câ—sâ—â—s aâ—â—â—â— Al ages and degrees must striue against the freÌ„ch Caesar had losâ—e sometymes Euphrates 〈◊〉 floud of Macedonia running into the redde Sea by Babylon Caesar and Alexander lyke Alexander and Caesar vnlyke These people be of India and called Malli of Pluâ—aâ—â—th Perill of Alexander Perill of Caesar Alexander contemneth tokens Euphrates â–ª Pallacotta floudes Caesar contem â–ª neth tokens Prachmâ—es vver the vvise Philosopers of India chosen to it by consent 〈◊〉 â–ª 〈◊〉 the â—â—â—â—teâ—feyte 〈◊〉 Lombardy Asia the â—esse A 〈…〉 o put to death by Antony The â—oâ—â—â—iceâ— of Amaâ—â—â— punished Antony pretendeth to call home yong Pompey Millions be here ten thousande Cicero prayseth Antony The Senate giueth a garde to Antony Antony choseth a legion for his garde The Senate in a ielousie of Antony Phaberius â–ª in the Greeke Taberius in the Latten Antony abuset it Caesars testameÌ„t 〈…〉 and Cassius made purueyers A deâ—ice to â—e 〈…〉 Dolabella president of Syria Macedonia 〈…〉 to Antony Cyrene a Citie and a prouince in Affrica novv Corciria Creta an Ilande in the middest of the Sea novv Candia Syrene and Creta to Brutus and Cassius Octauius Caesars nephevv at Valona vvhich is on the other side of the gulfe of Venice Octauius sayleth into Italy Lupio Iezze a port Tovvne The army at Brunduse receyueth Octauius Adoption Octauius receyued the name of Caesar Resort to yong Caesar 〈…〉 In desire of Octauius Octauius vvords to his mother Adoption The meeting oâ— Octauius and Antony Octauius Oration to Antony 〈◊〉 as a successour of his 〈◊〉 is they 〈◊〉 Antonyes aunsvvere to 〈◊〉 People vnstable Octauius selleth â—â—â— substance Playes for Brutus The playes
brother when he was toward mane estate Which two being taken away he lay close a great whye and vexed Spayne wyth priuie robberies tyll he hadde good rescet to him and then he professed hymselfe to he Pompeys sonne aâ—â— made open rodes and when Iulius Caesar was slayne he moued playne warre béeyng ayded wyth greate multitudes and forces of the suddayne gayning Shippes and publike treasure He â—ppressed Italy wyth famine and broughte hys enimies to what conditions he woulde and that most is when the wicked condemnation was executed in Rome he saued manye of the noble men that enioyed theyr Countrey by his benefyte but Fortune not fauouring hym he woulde neuer take the aduantage of hys enimie neglecting manye occasions he would lye still Thys was he that now is in bondage Titius commaunded hys army to sweare to Antony and put hym to death at Mileto when he hadde lyued to the age of fortye yeares eyther for that he remembred late displeasure and forgot olde good rurnes or for that he had such commaundemente of Antony There bée that saye that Plancus and not Antony dyd commaunde hym to dye whyche héeyng president of Syria had Antonyes signet and in greate causes wrote letters in hys name Some thynke it was done wyth Antonyes knowledge he fearyng the name of Pompey or for Cleopatra who fauoured Pompey the great Some thynke that Plancus dyd it of hymselfe for these causes and also that Pompey shoulde gyue no cause of dissention betwéene Caesar and Antony or for that Cleopatra woulde turne hyâ—auour to Pompey When hée was dispatched Antony tooke hys iourney into Armenia and Caesar agaynste the Slauonians continuall enimyes of the Romanes neuer obeying the Romane Empire but reâ—oltyng in euery ciuill warre And bycause the warres of Illyria are not thoroughly knowen vnto me nor sufficient to make a iust volume and can not â—e declared commodiously otherwise I hâ—ue thought it good to referre them to the time that theâ— were subiect to the Romances and making a compendious Treatise of them to ioyne thâ—â— with the affayres of 〈◊〉 FINIS Faultes escaped in the printing of the fiue Bookes of ciuill vvarres of Rome Pag. Line Faulte Correction 1 1â— shoulde shall â— 35 Liâ—bia Libya 4 1 duke of Loma gulfe of Ionia 4 vlt. Colligant Colligauit â— 20 of that of them that 13 2 Paperius Papirius 16 33 pastime pasture 25 25 Hirsians Hirpinianâ— 29 17 Falerno Ealerno 32 16 Canue Canne â—8 2â— Cithegus Cethegus â—0 17 meanes malice 54 14 warres wayes 69 vlt. Garinus Garganus 70 8 birdes burdens 73 20 Cateline Catilina â—3 35 that Milo Milo that 85 26. 28. 29. Ptotolomie Ptolomie 95 3 Dirrachium Dyrrachium 97 2 Sypris Sycoris â—â—2 â—4 mnalyâ— manly â—05 1 Baron barne 106 â—31 seyning seeming â—07 34 os .viij. C. sauing 800 â–ª â—â—0 1 Veâ—ona Velona 114 7 slingers slingers 110 â—â— any 120. onely 120. 115 2 fourtie 40â— 115 27 so soe 126 9 Methridates Mithridates â—40 â—7 came comming â—61 2 4â— 400. ibid. 5 horse hoâ—â—e ibid. â—◠〈◊〉 Tuâ—rciâ—◠¶ A CONTINVATION of Appian of Alexandrîa Wherein is declared the last acte of the wofull Tragedie of the Romaines bloudie Dissentions in the whiche Marcus Antonius was ouerthrown by sea at Actio and by land at Alexandrîa Where both he and Cleopatra killed themselues after the which Octauius Caesar was the only Monarch of all the Romane Empire alone In this we be taught That Gods vengeance is sharp although it be â—â—â—vv and that peoples rule must gâ—â—â— place and princely povver preuayle AT LONDON Imprinted by Raulfe Newberry and Henry Bynniman Anno 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle AS the losse of old possessioÌ„s is a griefe to the landed men eueÌ„ so the decay of auÌ„tient bokes is a smart to the learned sort Titus Liuius father of the Romane historie whom to see repaire was made of Gentlemen froÌ„ farre places vvhiles he liued hath not escaped the iniurie of time but bin left vnperfitte to the great sorovv of posteritie after he dyed Cornelius Tacitus that folowed him both in matter and age could not auoyde that iniquitie althoughe the Emperor Tacitus commaunded his bokes to be written ten times euery yeare This Authour Appianus Alexandrinus hath had the like lucke for al the estimation he vvas in the halfe of his labour being lost and the last part of the vvhole ciuill tumult not now to be had froÌ„ him but briefly supplyed otherwise that the end of the Romanes wo the beginning of our ioy might be declared the one successiuely folovving of the other The vvhich it may please your honour to accept according to your accustomed goodnesse beseeching the liuing Lord long to preserue the same Your Honours humble seruaunt H. B. A Continuation of Appian of Alexandrîa till the ouerthrow of M. Antonius vvhiche vvas the laste ciuill dissention after the whiche Octauius Caesar had the rule of all the Romane Empire alone AFter that Octauius Caesar and M. Antonius had agréed with Sextus the yonger sonne of Pompey â–ª the great â–ª it was determined that Antonius shold make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the death of Crassus Wherefore presently he sent Ventidius to represse the Parthians and he to gratifie Octauius was content to marie his sister and to be made the holy minister of Iulius Caesar that was dead he remayning in Rome ruling by common consent with Octauius Caesar as well the matters of the Cittie as of the whole Empire And as it befalleth betwéene such Princes to make pastimes in play and matches Antonie alwayes had the worse at the whiche he was somewhat moued He had in his company an Aegiptian after the maner of a Soothsayer who eyther to please Cleopatra or to shew the very truth tolde Antonie then that hys fortune was obseured by the fortune of Octauius Therefore hée aduised him to go furder off For sayth he wheÌ„ thou art abrode thy nature is noble and coragious but when thou art with him it is deiect and afrayde of his Antonie whether by this motion or his owne inclination was content to leaue all there to Octauius and to go towarde his olde loue of Aegipt yet carying his new wife with him into Graecia pretending an earnest desire to reuenge the iniurie that was done to Crassus which was after this sorte Crassus Pompey and Caesar were all suters for the Consulship in Rome agaynst them stoode Cicero and Cato Crassus and Pompey were chosen and they continued Caesars authoritie in France for fiue yeares longer which he only desired In castyng lottes for the prouinces Spayne fell to Pompey whereof he was glad beyng giuen to please his wife and the people was gladde beyng desirous to haue Pompey nigh the Citie Syria fell to Crassus whereof he was
onely gladde and all other sory For they perceyued hée was wholy giuen to spoyle the countrie of Parthia whiche was not comprehended in the law of the prouinces Wherfore Atteius the Tribune of the people forbad Crassus to inuade Parthia but he being animated by Caesars letters out of Fraunce and by Pempeys presence in Rome wente forwarde notwithstandyng that the Tribune at the gate of the Citie did stande by with fire and Sacrifice coniuryng him in the name of moste straunge and searefull Goddes not to procéede the which kinde of execration the Romanes thinke to be moste horrible bothe to him that doth pronounce them to him against whom they be pronounced when Crassus had pasion the seas and lost many of his shippes sayling before due time and after he had gotten some cities by accorde and wonne one by force he woulde néedes be called Imperator for the which he was mocked bicause that name was not giuen to any by the Romanes before he had in a plaine batayle ouerthrowne .x. M. and spending one winter like a rent gatherer without any exercise of his soldiours in spoyling a Temple at Hierapoli in the entry of the which he his sonne fell one vpon an other being offred help of the king of Armenia if he would make his iourney thorough his countrie which was the better way he refused it went rashly through Mesopotamia And at the passage ouer a bridge which he had â–ª made it thundred lightned in his face blew downe a parte of the bridge and after he was come ouer his campe was twice set a fyre by lightning These many other tokens might haue moued him but he went forth till both he his sonne and .xx. M. Romanes were slaine .x. M. taken and al the despite done to them that could be deuised Vpon this occasioÌ„ did Antonie leade his army against y Parthians by his LeiftenaÌ„t Ventidius gaue them a great ouerthrow whiles he was at Athens Wherfore he made great feastings among the Graecians and being ready to go forth he ware a garland of holy Oliue to fulfill an oracle caried with him a vessel of water In the meane time Ventidius gaue an other ouerthrow in y whiche Pacorus y kings sonne was slaine the which although it seemed a sufficieÌ„t reuenge for Crassus death yet he gaue theÌ„ the thirde euerthrow betwéene Media Mesopotamia Then Ventidius thought it good to stay least Antonie should enuie him And when he had subdued them y reuolted he besieged CoÌ„magenus Antiochus in Samosatis who promised to giue a thousand talents obey Antony Vnto whom Ventidius willed him to send his Embassadours bicause he was at hand which being done he would not recerue y offer that it shoulde not séeme that Ventidius hath done all But when the citie stoode at defence and would not yéelde he was sorie he had refused the condition was content to take thrée hundreth talents go his way agayne to Athens hauing done litle or nothing in Syria He rewarded Ventidius very well sent him to Rome to triuÌ„ph only he had triuÌ„ph of the Parthians a man of base bloud auaÌ„ced by Antonie who coÌ„firmed y saying of Caesar Antonie y they did better preuayle by their Lieftenants than by themselues Now was Orodes the king of Parthia killed by his sonne Phraâ—â—eâ— â–ª froÌ„ whom many fled away amoÌ„g other Moneses a noble maÌ„ came to Antonie who coÌ„paryng his miserie to Themistocles his owne felicitie to y kyngs of Persia gaue him thrée cities eueÌ„ as Xerxes gaue .lij. cities to Themistocles for his bread drynke and meate and as some say twoo more for his loâ—gyng and apparell And when the kyng sent for Moneses to be restored Antonie was content with it and offered hym peace so hée would â—â—nder the Ensignes and the captiues that were taken at the losse of Crassus Then he tooke his iourney by Arabia and Armenia where he increased his army by the consederate kyngs wherof y greatest was y king of Armenia who lent him 6000. horse 7000 â–ª footemeÌ„ he mustred his army had of Romane footemeÌ„ lâ— M. of Spanish French Romane horsmeÌ„ x M â–ª of other natioÌ„s of horse footemeÌ„ .xxx. M. And this great power y â–ª did cast a terror euen to the Indians only the vaine loue of Cleopatra brought to none effect For the desire he had to come againe into hir companie made him do al things out of time and order He had lefte his laste wife Octauia with hyr children and the chyldren hée had by his first wyfe Fuluia with Octauius Caesar And beyng now in the Easte partes was wholy gyuen to the wanton desire of Cleopatra to whome hée gaue the prouinces of Cypres Caelosyria Phaenitia and a parte of Cilicia and Iurie wherewith he Romanes were muche gréeued and also with his crueltie to Antigonus kyng of Iurie and with his vanitie in the chyldren hée had by Cleopatra callyng the one Alexander the Sunne and the other Cleopatra the Moone Yet was Cleopatra not the fayrest woman in the worlde but very wittie and sull of artificiall deuises and had the caste to beguyle Antonie who was easie to be ledde For haste hée woulde not suffer hys armie to reste after so long a iourney for haste hée lefte his engines behinde him whereof one was called a Ramme of foure score foote long for haste hée lefte Media passyng by the lefte hande of Armenia into Atropatia whiche hée spoyled Then hée besieged the great Citie of Phraata where hée founde hys errour in leauyng hys artillerie behinde Therefore to cause hys men to do somewhat he made them caste vp mountes In the meane tune the king 〈◊〉 forth with a mighty army and hearing that the artillerie was left behind he sent a great parte of his horse men which slew Tatianus and ten thousand that were left for the custody of the Engines tooke and spilled the munitioÌ„ The which did much discourage his Soldiours caused that the kyng of Armenia for soke him for whose cause he made the warre The Parthians were very bragge vpon the Romanes wherefore Antonie tooke ten legions and all his horsemen to range the countrie thereby to prouoke the enimie to fight WheÌ„ he had gone one dayes iourney he saw the enimies round aboute him therefore in his campe he determined to fight yet would not so séeme but raysed his campe as to goe away commaundyng that when the foote men were at hande the horsemenne shoulde sette vppon the enimie whiche stoode in a triangle battayle to beholde the Romanes good order shakyng their dartes When the tyme serued the horsemen gaue so fierce an onsette vppon them as they tooke away the vse of theyr shotte notwithstandyng they stucke to it But when the footâ— men came with shoute and fearefull shew the Parthian Horsemen were disordered