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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02791	Harvvards phlebotomy: or, A treatise of letting of bloud fitly seruing, as well for an aduertisement and remembrance to well minded chirurgians, as also to giue a caueat generally to all men to beware of the manifold dangers, which may ensue vpon rash and vnaduised letting of bloud. Comprehended in two bookes: written by Simon Harvvard.	Harward, Simon, fl. 1572-1614.	1601 (1601)	STC 12922; ESTC S103856	94,484	154

HARWARDS Phlebotomy Or A Treatise of letting of Bloud Fitly seruing as well for an aduertisement and remembrance to well minded Chirurgians As also to giue a caueat generally to all men to beware of the manifold dangers which may ensue vpon rash and vnaduised letting of Bloud Comprehended in two Bookes Written by SIMON HARVVARD Imprinted at London by F. Kingston for Simon Waterson 1601. ❧ To the Right Honourable his singular good Lord Gilbert Earle of Shrewsbury Baron Talbot Lord Comin of Badenho Valence and Montchency Lord Strange of Blanch-minster of Brimsfeld Corfham Furniuall Verdon and Louctoft Knight and companion of the most noble order of the Garter and one of her Maiesties most honorable priuie Counsell many ioyful and happy yeeres with all increase of Honour IT is a propertie Right Honourable my singular good Lord naturally giuen to euery workman and artificer that be his worke neuer so rude and homely yet would he be loth that his labour should vanish and perish but seeing that it is the best that his abilitie can performe he desireth the same as long as may be to remayne and continue vpon the earth This cause maketh also many to be so forward in publishing their writings in print that when they themselues are taken away by death yet by their works there may still remaine some lasting record and remembrance of the workemen But the especiall cause which hath mooued me at this time to set foorth these my two bookes of Phlebotomy is the sincere affection and desire that I haue to bring some supply and helpe if I can vnto two very great wants and abuses which I dayly perceiue to be now too common and grassant in sundrie corners of this realme For first although in Cities as principallie in the famous Citie of London the people enioy a great blessing of God in hauing so many worthie and expert Phisitions and Chirurgians so neerely dwelling together that at all times the one may be able and readie to aduise and the other also as willing and sufficient to lend a helping hand yet in Countrie townes there are many nowadayes which doe practize the opening of vaynes almost in euery other Village one and most of them neither haue any learned counsaile to direct them neither are of themselues sufficiently instructed in the matter which they take in hand whereby though many of them do meane well and intend all for the best yet in the euent both to the harme of their patients and also to their owne griefe there often insueth more hurt and danger then ease and succour And another as great an occasion there is of many detriments and hinderances to mans health to wit the wilfull temeritie and rashnesse of some ignorant people which for euery small impediment haue recourse presently to letting of bloud and by their vnaduised importunitie do vrge forward the Chirurgian and euen greedily draw vpō themselues those manifold inconueniences from which afterward they can not againe so easily be deliuered and made free For although on the one side the benefits be most excellent which redound by Phlebotomy being rightly duly administred for thereby the fulnesse of the body doth come to a mediocrity griefes which come by extension are pacified the spirits are refreshed naturall heate euented the lims being as it were eased of a great burthen are made more quick ready to execute euery office nature is inabled to concoct what is requisite and to expell the vnprofitable flowing humours are either drawne back or turned aside from the place where they annoy or else are they dispatched and vtterly auoyded narrow and obstructed passages are opened and finally very present help is brought thereby to many dangerous infirmities Yet on the other side great also are the harmes which may ensue by letting of bloud if the same be rashly and vnconsiderately attempted the spirits and bloud are spent and wasted the naturall heate is pluckt away and dispersed the principall parts are made ouercold and vtterly lose their strength old age is hastened on and made subiect to palsies apoplexies dropsies and cachexies or bad habits many the bridle of choler being taken away do in a moment fall into most faint Iaundises many haue the one halfe of their hearing and sight diminished and the one arme and the one side vtterly weakened and many also are brought to an vnrecouerable destruction of their health and life To redresse in some part these most perillous incidents I haue collected out of the most famous Phisitions both auncient and moderne this discourse of Phlebotomy which although it be penned as commonly Phisick treatises are in plaine and familiar words most fit for them to whome it is principally directed yet because it comprehendeth the handling of one of the greatest remedies of corporall griefes as a learned Phisition commenting vpon Galen ad Glauconem doth write Venae sectio in magnis remedijs ab omnibus medicis semper habita est And Messaria the chiefe Doctor and professor of Padua in a treatise of Phlebotomy dedicated to Contarenus a worthy Senatour of Venice sayth Inter medica remedia nullum sanguinis missione nobilius nullum praestantius nullum tutius and doth call it further generosum praesentaneum vitae hominis praesidium And seeing also that amongst the high cares and charges which chiefe peeres and gouernours do beare in common wealths this seemeth not to be the least which concerneth so neerely the health the strength and euen the life it selfe of so large a part of the inferiour commons I haue therefore aduentured most humbly here to present and offer this my first part of the great Phisick remedies vnto your Honours patronage and fauourable protection not doubting but that according to your Lordships accustomed clemencie you will vouchsafe the same thereof not so much respecting the poore gift as the good heart of the giuer and according to your prone inclinatiion vnto the truth and to the generall good of the commons your Honor will haue greater regard vnto the graue auctorities of the auctors out of whome these obseruations are collected then vnto the homely phrase and plaine method of the obseruer and collector thereof The eternall God who hath heaped vpon your Lordship all those degrees of honour vnto which your noble Progenitours haue often heretofore bin most worthily aduanced graunt vnto your Lordship with the like good successe as they in former times haue done many prosperous yeares happily to inioy them to your dayly increase of honour and to the good and glory of our English nation euer continuing you in the high fauour of our most gratious Soueraigne and blessing you perpetually both in this world with the loue and hartie affection of the whole Commons and also for euer with the happie societie of the Saints in the life to come From Tanridge in Surrey this 29. of August Anno. 1601. Your Honours most humble in all duties to be commaunded Simon Harward The Preface declaring

of dyet or by exercises or by place of abode or by custome and habit or by constitution of body IT is not without good cause that Fuchsius loth require in Phlebotomy that an especiall regard be had in it of the dyet which the party hath vsed whose vayne is to be opened for if he haue vsed much surfe●●ing and so gotten an aboundance of raw humours he is then not to be let bloud as he secketh to prooue out of those words of Galen To intemperate men wine-bibbers and gluttonous surfetters thou shalt bring small profit either by purging or letting bloud Although the purpose of Galen indeede is not in that place to deny purging and letting of bloud to them which by surfetting are already filled with raw humours as Fuchsius doth seeme to apply it but to shew that it is a needlesse enterprise and a very lost labour to apply vnto intemperate men these soueraigne remedyes seeing that they haue gotten such a custome and habite of riotousnesse that they will presently fill themselues againe with all noysome humours for so doth Galen there giue his reason For they which do vse an intemperate dyet do quickly gather an aboundance of raw humours and therefore we must not so much as endeuour to heale them Besides excesse and surfeiting a due regard must be had whether the party that is to be let bloud haue vsed though temperatly such drinke and especially wines as are apt to ingender much bloud for in houses of great personages and in cities where wine is much in vse there is farre greater necessity of letting bloud then in those countrey villages where their accustomed drinks are of lesser and weaker nourishment And especially seeing the former liuing in ease and without any great exercises do soone gather store of superfluous humours they may therefore admit a more liberall bleeding but the later continually labouring toiling do leaue in their bodies y● lesse store of superflu●●e● and therefore may the lesse endure any plentifull Phlebotomy And yet as well in cities as in countries the temperature of the place of abode may also make some difference They which haue hoat and dry habitations in sandy places haue much of their naturall heate and humours spene discussed and scattered and therefore must bleede lesse then they which dwell in more cold and moyst places where the strength of the naturall heate is not so apt to be disperseth prouided alwayes that the place be not by reason of hard weather so extreame cold that the bloud should be as it were cōgeased for then to let bloud would be very perillous as likewise it would be inconuenient when the constitution of the party is ouer-hoat and dry to vse any great euacuation by Phlebotomy Galen sayth As many as are by nature boat and dry they all do easily receiue harme by liber all euacuations And in that place Galen in the words immediatly following doth shew that custome also is of great force as to all other things so likewise to shew what persons may best admit Phlebotomy For they which haue bin often accustomed to it do incurre more danger in omitting of it then they whielt●euer were acquainted with it Hippocrates doth giue it out as a general axiome Things accustomed though they be bad yet do they 〈…〉 lesse then those wherewithall we were neuer 〈◊〉 Auice●●a in his sixteenth Canon of bloud letting as Montanus hath deuided them doth declare three sundrie dispositions of mans stomack which cannot permit the opening of a vayne first if there be a great and quick sensibilatie of the mouth of the stomack secondly if it haue a faint debilitie and thirdly if there be a flux of choler flowing vnto it For the first Montanus sayth of all the lims the mouth of the stomack is made of quickest fecling and sharpest sensibilitie that thereby there might be an apprehension of hunger and being for that cause very sino●y it hath great affinity and consent with the brayne and the heart whereby if there be a fl●x of 〈◊〉 sharpe humour vnto it the brayne and the heart doe straight suffer with it and thereupon doth come a fainting and swouning By the debilitie of the stomack he meaneth not that weakenesse which doth come by distemperature but that which commeth by thedo●senesse of the stomack when the stomack can not bind in it selfe and gather it selfe together vpon the meate That loosenesse commeth of the moysture of it and they which haue this imbecillitie vpon euery light occasion they swoune and faint away and are therefore vnfit to be let bloud By the flowing of the choler to the mouth of the stomack he sheweth what indeed doth most offend the sensibilitie of that place and bring not only swouning but also other great dangers For as Galen writeth The mouth of the stomack by the quicknsse of the sense thereof doth bring both many other symptomes and also swounings From the liuer and the gall there are two passages one greater the other lesse The greater goeth downe to the gut which is called ●eiunum and the lesse goeth to the bottome of the stomack Some haue but one of these passages by meanes whereof many times cholerick men because they haue only that passage which goeth to intestinum ieiunum and want that passage that should go to the bottome of the stomack do neuer vomit choler And on the other side other that are phlegmatick do vomit often choler because they haue that passage which goeth to the bottome of the stomack but want the other which should go to the gut called ieiunum Montanus sayth of these that infaelicitatem habent à generatione they are vnhappy by the manner of their procreation and birth Those which haue the passage wholy to the stomack whereby choler is caryed to the mouth of it are knowne as Auicen sayth by this that they haue the mouth often bitter and do vomit choler vpon euery small cause such haue porum felleum infaeliciter compositum the passage of the gall vnluckily made Auicen sheweth that if there be a necessity of letting bloud in any that hath any of these impediments the party hath neede to be prepared and strengthened before any vayne be opened The manner how it must be done shall appeare in the Chapter following CHAP. 3. Whether the body haue neede to be prepared before letting of bloud IF the party from whome bloud must needes be taken be found to haue a great sensibilitie of the mouth of the stomack which is knowne by this that if you offer any sharp sower or biting thing such as is the iuice of limons or pepper he is straight offended then before he be let bloud that there may be no flux of choler to the mouth of the stomack you must giue him a few morsels of bread steeped in some astringent thing as in the iuice of quinces and of ripe peares If there be a relaxation of the stomack by