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soak_v the_o ground_n that_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandy_a mould_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o the_o winter_n exceed_v in_o cold_a so_o the_o summer_n incline_v to_o overmuch_a heat_n special_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v much_o warm_a than_o the_o summer-aire_n in_o england_n the_o country_n throughout_o be_v very_o well_o water_v with_o spring_n river_n and_o ozerae_n or_o lake_n wherein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v note_v for_o that_o much_o of_o the_o country_n be_v so_o far_o inland_n as_o that_o some_o part_n lie_v a_o 1000_o mile_n and_o more_o every_o way_n from_o any_o sea_n yet_o it_o be_v serve_v with_o fair_a river_n and_o that_o in_o very_o great_a number_n that_o empty_v themselves_o one_o into_o another_o run_v all_o into_o the_o sea_n their_o lake_n be_v 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azou_n by_o this_o river_n as_o the_o ruff_n report_v you_o may_v pass_v from_o their_o city_n mosko_n to_o constantinople_n and_o so_o into_o all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o water_n draw_v your_o boat_n as_o their_o manner_n be_v over_o a_o little_a isthmus_n or_o narrow_a slip_n of_o land_n a_o few_o verst_n overthwart_o which_o be_v prove_v not_o long_o since_o by_o a_o ambassador_n send_v to_o constantinople_n who_o pass_v the_o river_n of_o moskua_n and_o so_o into_o another_o call_v ocka_fw-mi whence_o he_o draw_v his_o boat_n over_o into_o tanais_n and_o thence_o pass_v the_o whole_a way_n by_o water_n the_o four_o be_v call_v duyna_n many_o hundred_o mile_n long_o that_o fall_v northward_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o saint_n nicholas_n and_o have_v great_a
upon_o the_o ice_n common_o four_o or_o five_o thousand_o in_o a_o shoal_n and_o so_o they_o invade_v they_o every_o man_n with_o his_o club_n in_o his_o hand_n if_o they_o hit_v they_o on_o the_o nose_n they_o be_v soon_o kill_v if_o on_o the_o side_n or_o back_o they_o bear_v out_o the_o blow_n and_o many_o time_n so_o catch_v and_o hold_v down_o the_o club_n with_o their_o tooth_n by_o main_a force_n that_o the_o party_n be_v force_v to_o call_v for_o help_v to_o his_o fellow_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v when_o they_o see_v themselves_o beset_v to_o gather_v all_o close_a together_o in_o a_o throng_n or_o plump_a to_o sway_v down_o the_o ice_n and_o to_o break_v it_o if_o they_o can_v which_o so_o bend_v the_o ice_n that_o many_o time_n it_o take_v the_o sea-water_n upon_o it_o and_o make_v the_o hunter_n to_o wade_v a_o foot_n or_o more_o deep_a after_o the_o slaughter_n when_o they_o have_v kill_v what_o they_o can_v they_o fall_v to_o share_v every_o boat_n his_o part_n in_o equal_a portion_n and_o so_o they_o flay_v they_o take_v from_o the_o body_n the_o skin_n and_o the_o lard_n or_o fat_a with_o all_o that_o cleave_v to_o the_o skin_n this_o they_o take_v with_o they_o leave_v the_o body_n behind_o and_o so_o go_v to_o shore_n where_o they_o dig_v pit_n in_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o so_o take_v the_o fat_a or_o lard_n off_o from_o the_o skin_n they_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o pit_n and_o cast_v in_o among_o it_o hot_a burn_a stone_n to_o melt_v it_o withal_o the_o uppermost_a and_o pure_a be_v sell_v and_o use_v to_o oil_n wool_n for_o cloth_n the_o groâ—…_n that_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n they_o sell_v to_o make_v soap_n likewise_o of_o jokary_n or_o cavery_n a_o great_a quantity_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o volgha_n out_o of_o the_o fish_n call_v bellougina_n the_o sturgeon_n the_o severiga_n and_o the_o sterledey_n whereof_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ship_v by_o 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the_o gurnstale_a the_o laset_n or_o minever_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o squirrel_n that_o have_v grow_v on_o the_o pinion_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n a_o long_a tuft_n of_o hair_n much_o like_a unto_o feather_n with_o a_o far_o broad_a tail_n than_o have_v any_o other_o squirrel_n which_o they_o move_v and_o shake_v as_o they_o leap_v from_o tree_n to_o tree_n much_o like_o unto_o a_o wing_n they_o skise_v a_o large_a space_n and_o seem_v for_o to_o fly_v withal_o and_o therefore_o they_o call_v they_o letach_n vechshe_n that_o be_v the_o fly_a squirrel_n their_o hare_n and_o squirrel_n in_o summer_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o we_o in_o winter_n the_o hare_n change_v her_o cote_n into_o milk_n white_a the_o squirrel_n into_o gray_a whereof_o come_v the_o calaber_n they_o have_v fallow_a deer_n the_o roebuck_n and_o goat_n very_o great_a store_n their_o horse_n be_v but_o small_a but_o very_o swift_a and_o hard_o they_o travel_v they_o unshod_a both_o winter_n and_o summer_n without_o all_o regard_n of_o pace_n their_o sheep_n be_v but_o small_a and_o bear_v course_n and_o harsh_a wool_n of_o fowl_n they_o have_v divers_a of_o the_o principal_a kind_n first_o great_a store_n of_o hawk_n the_o eagle_n the_o gerfaulcon_n the_o slightfaulcon_n the_o goshawk_n the_o tassel_n the_o sparhawk_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o principal_a hawk_n that_o breed_v in_o the_o country_n be_v count_v the_o gerfaulcon_n of_o other_o fowl_n their_o principal_a kind_n be_v the_o swan_n tame_a and_o wild_a whereof_o they_o have_v great_a store_n the_o stork_n the_o crane_n the_o tedder_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o feasant_a but_o far_o big_a and_o live_v in_o the_o firre-wood_n of_o feasant_a and_o partridge_n they_o have_v very_o great_a plenty_n a_o owl_n there_o be_v of_o a_o
that_o they_o practise_v treason_n with_o the_o polonian_a and_o chrim_n whereupon_o he_o execute_v some_o and_o devise_v this_o way_n to_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o wicked_a policy_n and_o tyrannous_a practice_n though_o now_o it_o be_v cease_v have_v so_o trouble_v that_o country_n and_o fill_v it_o so_o full_a of_o grâ—…dge_n and_o mortal_a hatred_n ever_o since_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v quench_v as_o it_o seem_v now_o till_o it_o burn_v again_o into_o a_o civil_a flame_n 3_o have_v thus_o pull_v they_o and_o seize_v all_o their_o inheritance_n land_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n save_v some_o very_a small_a part_n which_o he_o leave_v to_o their_o name_n he_o give_v they_o other_o land_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o pomestnoy_n as_o they_o call_v it_o that_o be_v hold_v at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n lie_v far_o off_o in_o another_o country_n and_o so_o remove_v they_o into_o other_o of_o his_o province_n where_o they_o may_v have_v neither_o favour_n nor_o authority_n not_o be_v native_a nor_o well_o know_v there_o so_o that_o now_o these_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n call_v udelney_n knazey_n be_v equal_v with_o the_o rest_n save_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v of_o more_o account_n and_o keep_v still_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o place_n in_o all_o their_o public_a meeting_n their_o practice_n to_o keep_v down_o these_o house_n from_o rise_v again_o and_o recover_v their_o dignity_n be_v these_o and_o such_o like_a first_o many_o of_o their_o heir_n be_v keep_v unmarried_a perforce_o that_o the_o stock_n may_v die_v with_o they_o some_o be_v send_v into_o siberia_n cazan_n and_o astracan_a under_o pretence_n of_o service_n and_o there_o either_o make_v away_o or_o else_o fast_o clap_v up_o some_o be_v put_v into_o abbey_n and_o shear_v themselves_o friar_n by_o pretence_n of_o a_o vow_n to_o be_v make_v voluntary_a and_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n but_o indeed_o force_v unto_o it_o by_o fear_n upon_o some_o pretend_a crime_n object_v against_o they_o where_o they_o be_v so_o guard_v by_o some_o of_o special_a trust_n and_o the_o covent_n itself_o upon_o who_o head_n it_o stand_v that_o they_o make_v no_o escape_n as_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hope_n but_o to_o end_v their_o life_n there_o of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o of_o very_o great_a nobility_n these_o and_o such_o like_a way_n begin_v by_o the_o emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n be_v still_o practise_v by_o the_o godonoes_n who_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o empress_n their_o kinswoman_n rule_v both_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o realm_n special_o borris_n federowich_n godonoe_n brother_n to_o the_o empress_n and_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o cut_v off_o or_o keep_v keep_v down_o all_o of_o the_o best_a and_o ancient_a nobility_n whereof_o divers_a already_o they_o have_v take_v away_o who_o they_o think_v likely_a to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o and_o to_o hinder_v their_o purpose_n as_o knez_fw-fr andrea_n guraken_n bulgatkove_n a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n 〈◊〉_d authority_n in_o the_o country_n the_o like_a they_o have_v do_v with_o peter_n gollauni_fw-la who_o they_o put_v into_o a_o dungeon_n where_o 〈…〉_z end_v his_o life_n with_o knez_n vasilieury_n which_o golloâ—hen_o with_o andrieu_n juanowich_n suskoy_n account_v among_o they_o for_o a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a wisdom_n so_o this_o last_o year_n be_v kill_v in_o a_o monastery_n whither_o they_o have_v thrust_v he_o on_o kâ—…_n juan_n petrowich_n saskoy_n a_o man_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o service_n in_o that_o country_n who_o about_o five_o or_o six_o year_n since_o bare_v out_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o city_n vobskn_o make_v by_o stepan_n batore_n king_n of_o polonin_n with_o a_o 100000._o man_n and_o repulse_v he_o very_o valiant_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n and_o disgrace_n to_o the_o polonian_a also_o micheta_n romanowich_n uncle_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v die_v of_o poison_n or_o some_o liâ—e_z practice_n the_o name_n of_o these_o family_n of_o great_a nobility_n be_v these_o in_o their_o order_n the_o first_o be_v of_o knez_fw-fr volâ—…_n which_o rest_v at_o this_o time_n in_o one_o daughter_n a_o widow_n and_o without_o child_n mention_v before_o sometime_o wife_n to_o hartock_n magnus_n brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n now_o close_v within_o a_o nunnery_n the_o 2._o knez_fw-fr metheloskey_n thrust_v into_o a_o friary_n and_o his_o only_a son_n keep_v from_o marriage_n to_o decay_v the_o house_n the_o 3._o cliâ—skoy_n but_o one_o leave_v of_o his_o house_n and_o he_o without_o child_n save_o one_o daughter_n the_o 4._o suskoy_n whereof_o there_o be_v four_o brethren_n young_a man_n and_o unmarried_a all_o the_o 5._o hubetskoy_n of_o this_o house_n be_v four_o live_v the_o 〈◊〉_d bulgalâ—y_o now_o call_v guletchey_n house_n whereof_o be_v five_o live_v but_o youth_n all_o the_o 7._o vorallinskoy_n two_o leave_v of_o that_o stock_n the_o 8._o odokâ—key_n two_o the_o 9_o telletskoy_n one_o the_o 10._o taytove_n three_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a family_n call_v udelney_n knazey_n that_o in_o effect_n have_v lose_v all_o now_o save_o the_o very_a name_n itself_o and_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v like_o one_o day_n to_o restore_v they_o again_o if_o any_o be_v leave_v the_o 2._o degree_n of_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o boiarens_n these_o be_v such_o as_o the_o emperor_n honour_v beside_o their_o nobility_n with_o the_o title_n of_o counsellor_n the_o revenue_n of_o these_o two_o soâ—â—_n of_o their_o noble_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o their_o land_n assign_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o hold_v at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o of_o their_o own_o inheritance_n there_o be_v little_o leave_v they_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v about_o a_o thousand_o mark_n a_o year_n beside_o pension_n which_o they_o receive_v of_o the_o emperor_n for_o their_o service_n in_o his_o war_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o 700_o rubble_n a_o year_n and_o none_o above_o that_o sum_n but_o in_o this_o number_n the_o lord_n borris_n federowich_n godonoe_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v that_o be_v like_o a_o transcendent_a and_o in_o no_o such_o predicament_n with_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o emperor_n brother_n in_o law_n his_o protector_n for_o direction_n for_o command_v and_o authority_n emperor_n of_o russia_n his_o yearly_a revenue_n in_o land_n and_o pension_n amount_v to_o the_o sum_n of_o 93700._o rubbel_n and_o more_o as_o appear_z by_o the_o particular_n he_o have_v of_o inheritance_n which_o himself_o have_v augment_v in_o vasma_n dorogobose_n six_o thousand_o rubbel_n a_o year_n for_o his_o office_n of_o connick_n or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 1200._o rubbel_n or_o mark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o conaslue_n sloboday_o or_o the_o liberty_n pertain_v to_o that_o office_n which_o be_v certain_a land_n and_o town_n near_o about_o the_o mosko_n beside_o all_o the_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n on_o both_o side_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mosko_n thirty_o verse_v up_o the_o stream_n and_o forty_o verse_v downward_o for_o his_o pension_n of_o the_o emperor_n beside_o the_o other_o for_o his_o office_n 15000._o rubbel_n out_o of_o the_o province_n or_o shire_n of_o vagha_n there_o be_v give_v he_o for_o a_o peculiar_a exempt_v out_o of_o the_o chetfird_n of_o posolskoy_n 32000._o rubbel_n beside_o a_o rent_n of_o fur_n out_o of_o rezan_n and_o sever_n another_o peculiar_a 30000._o rubbel_n out_o of_o otfer_n and_o turiock_n another_o exempt_a place_n 8000_o rubbel_n for_o rend_v of_o bathstove_n and_o bathe_a house_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o mosko_n 1500._o rubbel_n beside_o his_o pome_a or_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n which_o far_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o land_n allot_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n one_o other_o there_o be_v of_o the_o house_n of_o glinskoy_n that_o dispend_v in_o land_n and_o pension_n about_o 40000._o rubbel_n yearly_a which_o he_o be_v suffer_v to_o enjoy_v because_o he_o have_v marry_v borris_n his_o wife_n sister_n be_v himself_o very_o simple_a and_o almost_o a_o natural_a the_o order_n of_o he_o and_o his_o land_n be_v commit_v to_o borris_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v the_o voyavodey_n or_o such_o noble_n as_o be_v or_o have_v be_v general_n in_o the_o emperor_n war_n which_o deliver_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o title_n to_o their_o posterity_n also_o 〈◊〉_d who_o take_v their_o place_n above_o the_o other_o duke_n and_o noble_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n viz._n of_o the_o vdelney_n knazey_n and_o of_o the_o boiarens_n these_o three_o degree_n of_o their_o nobility_n to_o wit_n the_o udelney_n knazey_a the_o boiarens_n and_o the_o voiavodey_n have_v the_o addition_n of_o
be_v ever_o note_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o his_o war_n and_o namely_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o vobsko_n about_o eight_o year_n since_o where_o he_o repulse_v the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n of_o 100000._o man_n and_o force_v he_o in_o the_o end_n to_o give_v over_o his_o siege_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o best_a captain_n and_o soldier_n put_v in_o a_o set_a field_n the_o ruff_n be_v note_v to_o have_v ever_o the_o worse_a of_o the_o polonian_a and_o sweden_n if_o any_o behave_v himself_o more_o valiant_o than_o the_o rest_n or_o do_v any_o special_a piece_n of_o service_n the_o emperor_n send_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n stamp_v with_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n george_n on_o horseback_n which_o they_o hang_v on_o their_o sleeve_n and_o set_v in_o their_o cap_n and_o this_o be_v account_v the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v receive_v for_o any_o service_n they_o do_v chap._n xviii_o of_o their_o colony_n and_o maintain_v of_o their_o conquest_n or_o purchase_n by_o force_n the_o russee_n emperor_n of_o late_a year_n have_v very_o much_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n and_o territory_n their_o first_o conquest_n after_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mosko_n for_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v but_o duke_n of_o volodomer_n as_o before_o be_v say_v be_v the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o novograd_n on_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_o side_n which_o be_v no_o small_a enlargement_n of_o their_o dominion_n and_o strengthen_v to_o they_o for_o the_o win_n of_o the_o rest_n this_o be_v do_v by_o juan_n great_a grandfather_n to_o theodore_n now_o emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 1480._o the_o same_o begin_v likewise_o to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o country_n of_o lituania_n and_o livonia_n but_o the_o conquest_n only_o intend_v and_o attempt_v by_o he_o upon_o some_o part_n of_o those_o country_n be_v pursue_v and_o perform_v by_o his_o son_n basileus_n who_o first_o win_v the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o plesko_n afterward_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n and_o many_o other_o fair_a town_n with_o a_o large_a territory_n belong_v unto_o they_o about_o the_o year_n 1514._o these_o victory_n against_o the_o lettoe_n or_o lituanian_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n their_o duke_n he_o achieve_v rather_o by_o advantage_n of_o civil_a dissension_n and_o treason_n among_o themselves_o then_o by_o any_o great_a policy_n or_o force_v of_o his_o own_o but_o all_o this_o be_v lose_v again_o by_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n past_a upon_o composition_n with_o the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n whereunto_o he_o be_v force_v by_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v then_o of_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o foil_n he_o have_v give_v he_o before_o and_o the_o disquietness_n of_o his_o own_o state_n at_o home_n only_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n at_o this_o time_n have_v leave_v he_o on_o that_o side_n his_o country_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n vitobsko_fw-mi cheringo_n and_o beala_n gorod_v in_o lituania_n in_o livonia_n not_o a_o town_n nor_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n when_o basileus_n first_o conquer_v those_o country_n he_o suffer_v the_o native_n to_o keep_v their_o possession_n and_o to_o inhabit_v all_o their_o town_n only_o pay_v he_o a_o tribute_n under_o the_o government_n of_o his_o ruff_n captain_n but_o by_o their_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_n not_o long_o after_o he_o be_v teach_v to_o deal_v more_o sure_o with_o they_o and_o so_o come_v upon_o they_o the_o second_o time_n he_o kill_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o he_o three_o part_n of_o four_o which_o he_o give_v or_o sell_v to_o the_o tartar_n that_o serve_v he_o in_o those_o war_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o they_o place_v there_o his_o russes_z so_o many_o as_o may_v overmatch_v the_o rest_n with_o certain_a garrison_n of_o strength_n beside_o wherein_o notwithstanding_o this_o oversight_n be_v commit_v for_o that_o take_v away_o with_o he_o the_o upland_n or_o country_n people_n that_o shall_v have_v till_v the_o ground_n and_o may_v easy_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o order_n without_o any_o danger_n by_o other_o good_a policy_n he_o be_v drive_v afterward_o many_o year_n together_o to_o victual_v the_o country_n special_o the_o great_a town_n out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n of_o russia_n the_o soil_n lie_v there_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n waste_v and_o untilled_a the_o like_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o port_n of_o narue_v in_o liefland_n where_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n devise_v to_o build_v a_o town_n and_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n call_v juan_n gorod_v to_o keep_v the_o town_n and_o country_n in_o subjection_n the_o castle_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o build_v and_o fortify_v that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v invincible_a and_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v for_o reward_v to_o the_o architect_n that_o be_v a_o polonian_a he_o put_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n to_o make_v he_o unable_a to_o build_v the_o like_a again_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o native_n all_o within_o their_o own_o country_n without_o abate_v their_o number_n or_o strength_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n not_o long_o after_o be_v betray_v and_o surrender_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o south-east-side_n they_o have_v get_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a these_o be_v win_v from_o the_o tartar_n by_o the_o late_a emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n father_n to_o the_o emperor_n that_o now_o be_v the_o one_o about_o 35._o the_o other_o about_o 33._o year_n ago_o northward_o out_o of_o the_o country_n of_o siberia_n he_o have_v lay_v unto_o his_o realm_n a_o great_a breadth_n and_o length_n of_o ground_n from_o wichida_n to_o the_o river_n of_o obba_n about_o a_o 1000_o mile_n space_n so_o that_o he_o be_v bold_a to_o write_v himself_o now_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o siberia_n the_o country_n likewise_o of_o permia_n and_o pechora_n be_v a_o divers_a people_n and_o language_n from_o the_o ruff_n overcome_v not_o long_o since_o and_o that_o rather_o by_o threaten_v and_o shake_v of_o the_o sword_n then_o by_o any_o actual_a source_n as_o be_v a_o weak_a and_o naked_a people_n without_o mean_n to_o resist_v that_o which_o the_o ruff_n have_v in_o his_o present_a possession_n he_o keep_v on_o this_o sort_n in_o his_o four_a chief_n border_n town_n of_o vobsko_n smolensko_fw-mi astâ—acan_a and_o cazan_n he_o have_v certain_a of_o his_o counsel_n not_o of_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o of_o great_a trust_n which_o have_v more_o authority_n within_o their_o precinct_n for_o the_o countenance_v and_o strengthen_v of_o their_o government_n there_o than_o the_o other_o duke_n that_o be_v set_v to_o govern_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v note_v before_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v their_o province_n these_o he_o change_v sometime_o every_o year_n sometime_o every_o second_o or_o three_o year_n but_o exceed_v not_o that_o time_n except_o upon_o very_o special_a trust_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o party_n and_o his_o service_n lest_o by_o enlarge_n of_o their_o time_n they_o may_v grow_v into_o some_o familiarity_n with_o the_o enemy_n as_o some_o have_v do_v be_v so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n the_o town_n beside_o be_v very_o strong_o fence_v with_o trench_n castle_n and_o store_n of_o munition_n and_o have_v garrison_n within_o they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o apiece_o they_o be_v store_v with_o victual_n if_o any_o siege_n shall_v come_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n beforehand_o the_o four_o castle_n of_o smolensko_n vobsko_fw-mi cazan_n and_o astracan_a he_o have_v make_v very_o strong_a to_o bear_v out_o any_o siege_n so_o that_o it_o be_v think_v that_o those_o town_n be_v impregnable_a as_o for_o the_o country_n of_o pechora_n and_o permia_n and_o that_o part_n of_o siberia_n which_o he_o have_v now_o under_o he_o they_o be_v keep_v by_o as_o easy_a mean_n as_o they_o be_v first_o get_v viz._n rather_o by_o show_v then_o by_o use_v of_o arm_n first_o he_o have_v store_v the_o country_n with_o as_o many_o russes_z as_o there_o be_v native_n and_o have_v there_o some_o few_o soldier_n in_o garrison_n enough_o to_o â—eep_v they_o under_o second_o his_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n there_o be_v of_o his_o own_o ruff_n people_n and_o he_o change_v they_o very_o often_o viz._n every_o year_n twice_o or_o thrice_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o great_a fear_n of_o any_o innovation_n three_o he_o divide_v they_o into_o many_o small_a government_n like_o a_o staff_n break_v in_o many_o small_a piece_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o strength_n be_v sever_v which_o be_v but_o little_a neither_o when_o they_o be_v all_o in_o one_o four_o he_o provide_v that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n have_v neither_o armour_n
to_o their_o church_n once_o every_o year_n what_o time_n all_o their_o neighbour_n of_o their_o country_n and_o parish_n about_o come_v in_o to_o have_v prayer_n say_v to_o that_o saint_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o friend_n and_o so_o make_v a_o offering_n to_o the_o priest_n for_o his_o pain_n this_o offering_n may_v yield_v they_o some_o ten_o pound_n a_o year_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o patron_n or_o saint_n of_o that_o church_n be_v of_o credit_n and_o estimation_n among_o they_o the_o manner_n be_v on_o this_o day_n which_o they_o keep_v anniversarie_n for_o the_o priest_n to_o hire_v divers_a of_o his_o neighbour-priest_n to_o help_v he_o as_o have_v more_o dish_n to_o dress_v for_o the_o saint_n than_o he_o can_v well_o turn_v his_o hand_n unto_o they_o use_v beside_o to_o visit_v their_o parishioner_n house_n with_o holy_a water_n and_o perfume_n common_o once_o a_o quarter_n and_o so_o have_v sprinkle_v and_o becense_v the_o good_a man_n and_o his_o wife_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o household_n and_o householdstuff_n they_o receive_v some_o devotion_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o man_n be_v of_o ability_n this_o and_o the_o rest_n lay_v altogether_o may_v make_v up_o for_o the_o priest_n towards_o his_o maintenance_n about_o thirty_o or_o forty_o rubble_n a_o year_n whereof_o he_o pay_v the_o ten_o part_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n the_o papa_n or_o priest_n be_v know_v by_o his_o long_a tuft_n of_o hair_n hang_v down_o by_o his_o ear_n his_o gown_n with_o a_o broad_a cape_n and_o a_o walk_a staff_n in_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o habit_n he_o be_v apparel_v like_o the_o common_a sort_n when_o he_o say_v the_o liturgy_n or_o service_n within_o the_o church_n he_o have_v on_o he_o his_o surplice_n and_o sometime_o his_o cope_n if_o the_o day_n be_v more_o solemn_a they_o have_v beside_o their_o papaes_n or_o priest_n their_o churnapapaes_n as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v black_a priest_n that_o may_v keep_v their_o benefice_n though_o they_o be_v admit_v friar_n withal_o within_o some_o monastery_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v call_v regular_a priest_n in_o the_o popish_a church_n under_o the_o priest_n be_v a_o deacon_n in_o every_o church_n that_o do_v nothing_o but_o the_o office_n of_o a_o pa-rish-clerk_n as_o for_o their_o protopapaes_n or_o archpriest_n and_o their_o archdeacon_n that_o be_v next_o in_o election_n to_o be_v their_o protopapas_n they_o serve_v only_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o friar_n they_o have_v a_o infinite_a rabble_n far_o great_a than_o in_o any_o other_o country_n where_o popery_n be_v profess_v every_o city_n and_o good_a part_n of_o the_o country_n swarm_v full_a of_o they_o for_o they_o have_v wrought_v as_o the_o popish_a friar_n do_v by_o their_o superstition_n and_o hypocrisy_n that_o if_o any_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v better_a and_o sweet_a than_o other_o there_o stand_v a_o friary_n or_o monastery_n dedicate_v to_o some_o saint_n the_o number_n of_o they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a not_o only_o for_o that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d augment_v by_o the_o superstition_n of_o the_o country_n but_o because_o the_o friar_n lifâ—_n be_v the_o safe_a from_o the_o oppression_n and_o exaction_n that_o fall_v upon_o the_o commons_o which_o cause_v many_o to_o put_v on_o the_o friar_n weed_n as_o the_o best_a armour_n to_o bear_v off_o such_o blow_n beside_o such_o as_o be_v voluntary_a there_o be_v divers_a that_o be_v force_v to_o shire_n themselves_o friar_n upon_o some_o displeasure_n these_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n divers_a take_v the_o monastery_n as_o a_o place_n of_o sanctuary_n and_o there_o become_v friar_n to_o avoid_v some_o punishment_n that_o they_o have_v deserve_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o if_o he_o get_v a_o monastery_n over_o his_o head_n and_o there_o put_v on_o a_o cowl_n before_o he_o be_v attach_v it_o be_v a_o protection_n to_o he_o for_o ever_o against_o any_o law_n for_o what_o crime_n soever_o except_o it_o be_v for_o treason_n but_o this_o proviso_n go_v withal_o that_o no_o man_n come_v there_o except_o such_o as_o be_v command_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o be_v receive_v but_o he_o give_v they_o land_n or_o bring_v his_o stock_n with_o he_o and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o common_a treasury_n some_o bring_v a_o 1000_o rubble_n and_o some_o more_o none_o be_v admit_v under_o 3._o or_o 4._o hundred_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o admission_n be_v after_o this_o sort_n first_o the_o abbot_n strip_v he_o of_o all_o his_o secular_a or_o ordinary_a apparel_n then_o he_o put_v upon_o he_o next_o to_o his_o skin_n a_o white_a flannel_n shirt_n with_o a_o long_a garment_n over_o it_o down_o to_o the_o ground_n gird_v unto_o he_o with_o a_o broad_a leather_n belt_n his_o uppermost_a garment_n be_v a_o weed_n of_o garrus_n or_o say_v for_o colour_n and_o fashion_n much_o like_o to_o the_o upper_a weed_n of_o a_o chimney-sweeper_n then_o be_v his_o crown_n shear_v a_o hand-breadth_n or_o more_o close_a to_o the_o very_a skin_n and_o these_o or_o like_a word_n pronounce_v by_o the_o abbot_n while_o he_o clip_v his_o hair_n as_o these_o hair_n be_v clip_v off_o and_o take_v from_o thy_o head_n so_o now_o we_o take_v thou_o and_o separate_v thou_o clean_o from_o the_o world_n and_o worldly_a thing_n etc._n etc._n this_o do_v he_o anoint_v his_o crown_n with_o oil_n and_o put_v on_o his_o cowl_n and_o so_o take_v he_o in_o among_o the_o fraternity_n they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n &_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n beside_o their_o land_n that_o be_v very_o great_a they_o be_v the_o great_a merchant_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o deal_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n some_o of_o their_o monastery_n dispend_v in_o land_n 1000_o or_o 2000_o rubble_n a_o year_n there_o be_v one_o abbey_n call_v troil_n that_o have_v in_o land_n and_o fee_n the_o sum_n of_o 100000._o rubble_n or_o mark_n a_o year_n it_o be_v build_v in_o manner_n of_o a_o castle_n wall_v round_o about_o with_o great_a ordinance_n plant_v on_o the_o wall_n and_o contain_v within_o it_o a_o large_a breadth_n of_o ground_n &_o great_a variety_n of_o building_n there_o be_v of_o friar_n within_o it_o beside_o their_o officer_n and_o other_o servant_n about_o 700._o the_o empress_n that_o now_o be_v have_v many_o vow_n to_o saint_n sergius_n that_o be_v patron_n there_o to_o entreat_v he_o to_o make_v her_o fruitful_a as_o have_v no_o child_n by_o the_o emperor_n her_o husband_n light_o every_o year_n she_o go_v on_o pilgrimage_n to_o he_o from_o the_o mosko_n on_o foot_n about_o 80._o english_a mile_n with_o 5._o or_o 6000._o woman_n attend_v on_o she_o all_o in_o blue_a livery_n &_o 4000_o soldier_n for_o her_o guard_n but_o s._n sergius_n have_v not_o yet_o hear_v her_o prayer_n though_o they_o say_v he_o have_v a_o special_a gift_n and_o faculty_n that_o way_n what_o learning_n there_o be_v among_o their_o friar_n may_v be_v know_v by_o their_o bishop_n that_o be_v the_o choice_a man_n out_o of_o all_o their_o monastery_n i_o talk_v with_o one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o city_n of_o vologda_n where_o to_o try_v his_o skill_n i_o offer_v he_o a_o ruff_n testament_n and_o turn_v he_o to_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o s._n matthews_n gospel_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o read_v in_o very_o good_a order_n i_o ask_v he_o first_o what_o part_n of_o scripture_n it_o be_v that_o he_o have_v read_v he_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o tell_v how_o many_o evangelist_n there_o be_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n he_o say_v he_o know_v not_o how_o many_o apostle_n there_o be_v he_o think_v there_o be_v twelve_o how_o he_o shall_v be_v save_v whereunto_o he_o answer_v i_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o russee_n doctrine_n that_o he_o know_v not_o whether_o he_o shall_v be_v save_v or_o no_o but_o if_o god_n will_v poshallovate_v he_o or_o gratify_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o save_v he_o so_o it_o be_v he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o it_o if_o not_o what_o remedy_n i_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o shore_n himself_o a_o friar_n he_o answer_v because_o he_o will_v eat_v his_o bread_n with_o peace_n this_o be_v the_o learning_n of_o the_o friar_n of_o russia_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v measure_v by_o one_o yet_o partly_o it_o may_v be_v guess_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o this_o man_n what_o be_v in_o the_o â—est_n they_o have_v also_o many_o nunnery_n whereof_o some_o may_v admit_v none_o but_o nobleman_n widow_n and_o daughter_n when_o the_o emperor_n mean_v to_o keep_v they_o unmarried_a from_o continue_v the_o blood_n or_o stock_n which_o he_o will_v have_v extinguish_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o life_n of_o their_o
the_o history_n of_o russia_n or_o the_o government_n of_o the_o â—_z of_o muscovia_n with_o the_o manner_n &_o fashion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n by_o g._n fletcher_n sometime_o fellow_n of_o king_n college_n in_o cambridge_n and_o employ_v in_o the_o embassy_n thither_o w._n m._n fecit_fw-la 1643_o the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n 1_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n fol._n 1_o chap._n 2_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n fol._n 6_o chap._n 3_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n fol._n 14_o chap._n 4_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o russia_n fol._n 28_o chap._n 5_o the_o house_n or_o stock_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 34_o chap._n 6_o the_o manner_n of_o inauguration_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 40_o chap._n 7_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o government_n fol._n 47_o chap._n 8_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v their_o parliament_n fol._n 52_o chap._n 9_o the_o russee_n nobility_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o under_o proportion_n agreeable_a to_o that_o state_n fol._n 57_o chap._n 10_o the_o government_n of_o their_o province_n or_o shire_n fol._n 70_o chap._n 11_o the_o emperor_n privy_a council_n fol._n 82_o chap._n 12_o the_o emperor_n custom_n and_o other_o revenue_n with_o the_o sophism_n practise_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o they_o fol._n 86_o chap._n 13_o the_o russee_n commonalty_n and_o their_o condition_n fol._n 107_o chap._n 14_o their_o public_a justice_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o fol._n 117_o chap._n 15_o the_o emperor_n force_n for_o his_o war_n with_o the_o officer_n and_o their_o salary_n fol._n 127_o chap._n 16_o their_o manner_n of_o muster_v armour_n and_o provision_n of_o victual_n fol._n 137_o chap._n 17_o their_o order_n in_o march_v charge_v and_o their_o martial_a discipline_n fol._n 141_o chap._n 18_o their_o colony_n and_o policy_n in_o maintain_v their_o purchase_n by_o conquest_n fol._n 146_o chap._n 19_o their_o borderer_n with_o who_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n fol._n 155_o chap._n 20_o of_o the_o permian_o samoite_n and_o lap_n fol._n 180_o chap._n 21_o their_o ecclesiastical_a state_n with_o their_o church_n office_n fol._n 166_o chap._n 22_o their_o liturgy_n or_o form_n of_o church-service_n with_o their_o manner_n of_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n fol._n 218_o chap._n â—3_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 231_o chap._n â—4_n their_o manner_n of_o solemnize_n marriage_n fol._n 240_o chap._n â—5_n the_o other_o ceremony_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 246_o chap._n 26_o the_o emperor_n domestic_a behaviour_n fol._n 256_o chap._n 27_o the_o emperor_n household_n with_o the_o office_n of_o his_o house_n fol._n 265_o chap._n 28_o the_o private_a behaviour_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o ruff_n people_n fol._n 268_o chap._n 1._o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o country_n of_o russia_n be_v sometime_o call_v sarmatia_n it_o change_v the_o name_n as_o some_o do_v suppose_v for_o â—hat_n it_o be_v part_v into_o divers_a small_a and_o yet_o absolute_a government_n not_o depend_v nor_o be_v subject_a the_o one_o â—o_o the_o other_o for_o russee_n in_o that_o tongue_n do_v signify_v as_o much_o as_o to_o part_v or_o divide_v the_o ruff_n report_v that_o four_o brother_n truber_n rurico_fw-la sinees_n and_o â—arivus_fw-la divide_v among_o they_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n likewise_o that_o the_o south_n part_n be_v pofess_z by_o four_o other_o kio_n scieâ—o_n â—horanus_fw-la and_o their_o sister_n libeda_n each_o â—alling_v his_o territory_n after_o his_o own_o â—ame_n of_o this_o partition_n it_o be_v calid_v russia_n about_o the_o year_n from_o christ_n 860._o as_o for_o the_o conjecture_n which_o i_o find_v in_o some_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o ruff_n nation_n borrow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n call_v râ—xellani_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o nation_n with_o they_o it_o be_v without_o all_o good_a probability_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v very_o far_o fetch_v and_o especial_o for_o the_o seat_n and_o dwell_n of_o that_o people_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tanais_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o strabo_n reporteh_n quite_o another_o way_n from_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n when_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o chief_a part_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_n the_o white_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o part_n that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liefland_n as_o the_o province_n now_o call_v duyna_n vagha_n ustic_n vologda_n cargapolia_fw-la novogradia_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o novograd_n velica_fw-la be_v the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n black_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o country_n that_o lie_v southward_o towards_o the_o euxin_n or_o black_a sea_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o volodemer_n of_o mosko_n rezan_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n be_v first_o take_v from_o one_o sarmates_n who_o moses_n and_o josephus_n call_v asarmathes_n son_n to_o joktan_n and_o nephew_n to_o heber_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o sem._n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o conjecture_n take_v out_o of_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o name_n asarmathes_n for_o the_o dwell_n of_o all_o joktans_n posterity_n be_v describe_v by_o moses_n to_o have_v be_v betwixt_o mescha_n or_o masius_n a_o hill_n of_o the_o amonite_n and_o sephace_v near_o to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n which_o make_v it_o very_o unlikely_a that_o asarmathes_n shall_v plant_v any_o colony_n so_o far_o off_o in_o the_o north_n &_o northwest_o country_n it_o be_v bound_v northward_o by_o the_o lap_n and_o the_o north_n ocean_n on_o the_o southside_n by_o the_o tartar_n call_v chrims_n 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perforce_o add_v of_o late_a to_o â—…ir_v other_o dominion_n be_v these_o which_o â—…low_n twerra_fw-mi youghoria_n permia_n 〈…〉_z boulghoria_n chernigo_n oudoâ—…_n oâ—doria_n condora_n with_o a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d of_o siberia_n where_o the_o people_n 〈…〉_z they_o be_v not_o natural_a russes_z â—…ey_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o â—…uled_v by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n 〈◊〉_d custom_n and_o tax_n as_o his_o â—…le_n do_v beside_o these_o he_o have_v undâ—…m_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o â—…acan_n get_v by_o conquest_n not_o lonâ—…_n as_o for_o all_o his_o possession_n in_o 〈…〉_z to_o the_o number_n of_o 30._o greatâ—…ns_n and_o more_o with_o narve_v and_o 〈…〉_z in_o livonia_n they_o be_v quite_o go_v be_v surprise_v of_o late_a year_n by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n these_o shire_n and_o province_n be_v reduce_v all_o into_o four_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o call_v chetfyrd_n that_o be_v tetrarchy_n or_o four_o part_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o title_n or_o chapter_n concern_v the_o province_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v of_o great_a length_n and_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n if_o you_o measure_v from_o colam_z to_o astracan_a which_o bend_v somewhat_o eastward_o it_o reach_v in_o length_n about_o 4260_o verse_v or_o mile_n not_o withstand_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n haâ—…_n more_o territory_n northward_o far_o beyond_o colam_z unto_o the_o river_n of_o tromschua_n that_o run_v a_o 1000_o verse_v well_o nigh_o beyond_o pechinga_n near_o to_o ward_v house_n but_o not_o entire_a nor_o clear_o limit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n that_o have_v divers_a town_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ruff_n plot_v together_o the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o every_o one_o of_o they_o claim_v the_o whole_a of_o those_o north_n part_n as_o his_o own_o right_n the_o breadth_n if_o you_o go_v from_o that_o part_n
very_a great_a bigness_n more_o ugglie_a to_o behold_v then_o the_o owl_n of_o this_o country_n with_o a_o broad_a face_n and_o ear_n much_o like_o unto_o a_o man_n for_o freshwater_n fish_n beside_o the_o common_a sort_n as_o carp_n pike_n perch_n tench_n roach_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v divers_a kind_n very_o good_a &_o delicate_a as_o the_o bellouga_n or_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 4._o or_o 5._o â—â—ns_n long_o the_o 〈◊〉_d or_o sturgeon_n the_o severign_a and_o 〈…〉_z somewhat_o in_fw-ge 〈…〉_z like_o to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d but_o not_o so_o thick_a 〈◊〉_d long_o these_o 4._o kind_n of_o fish_n breed_v in_o the_o volgha_n and_o be_v catch_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o serve_v thence_o into_o the_o whole_a realm_n for_o a_o great_a food_n of_o the_o roe_n of_o these_o four_o kind_n they_o make_v very_o great_a store_n of_o icary_n or_o caviary_n as_o be_v say_v before_o they_o have_v beside_o these_o that_o breed_v in_o the_o volgha_n a_o fish_n call_v the_o riba_n bela_fw-la or_o white_a salmon_n which_o they_o account_v more_o delicate_a than_o they_o do_v the_o red_a salmon_n whereof_o also_o they_o have_v exceed_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o river_n northward_o as_o in_o duyna_n the_o river_n of_o colam_z etc._n etc._n in_o the_o ozera_n or_o lake_n near_o a_o town_n call_v perislave_v not_o far_o from_o the_o mosko_n they_o have_v a_o small_a fish_n which_o they_o call_v the_o freshherring_n of_o the_o fashion_n and_o somewhat_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o a_o sea-herring_n their_o chief_a town_n for_o fish_n be_v yaruslave_n bealezera_n nâ—uâ—grod_n astracan_a and_o cazan_n which_o all_o yield_v a_o large_a custom_n to_o the_o emperor_n every_o year_n for_o their_o trade_n of_o fish_v which_o they_o practise_v in_o summer_n but_o send_v it_o freeze_v in_o the_o wintertime_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n chap._n four_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o russia_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o russia_n be_v mosko_n novograd_n rostove_n volodomer_n plesko_n smolensko_n yaruslave_n 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be_v much_o enlarge_v by_o one_o evan_n or_o john_n son_n to_o daniel_n that_o first_o change_v his_o title_n of_o duke_n into_o king_n though_o that_o honour_n continue_v not_o to_o his_o posterity_n the_o rather_o because_o he_o be_v invest_v into_o it_o by_o the_o pope_n legate_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v innocentius_n the_o four_o about_o the_o year_n 1246._o which_o be_v very_o much_o mislike_v by_o the_o ruff_n people_n be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o the_o eastern_a or_o greek_a church_n since_o that_o time_n the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n have_v grow_v more_o famous_a and_o better_o know_v unto_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o the_o province_n but_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o russia_n be_v term_v by_o some_o by_o the_o name_n of_o moscovia_n the_o metropolite_a city_n the_o form_n of_o this_o city_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n round_o with_o three_o strong_a wall_n circul_v the_o one_o within_o the_o other_o and_o street_n lie_v between_o whereof_o the_o inmost_a wall_n and_o the_o building_n close_v within_o it_o lie_v safe_a as_o the_o heart_n within_o the_o body_n fence_v and_o water_v with_o the_o river_n moskua_n that_o run_v close_o by_o it_o be_v all_o account_v the_o emperor_n castle_n the_o number_n of_o house_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v through_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v reckon_v by_o the_o emperor_n a_o little_a before_o it_o be_v fire_v by_o the_o chrim_a be_v 41500._o in_o all_o since_o the_o tartar_n besiege_v and_o fire_v the_o town_n which_o waâ—_n in_o the_o year_n 1571._o there_o lie_v waste_v of_o it_o a_o great_a breadth_n of_o ground_n which_o before_o be_v well_o set_v and_o plant_v with_o building_n special_o that_o part_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o moskua_n build_v not_o long_o before_o by_o basibius_fw-la the_o emperor_n for_o his_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n to_o who_o he_o give_v privilege_n to_o drink_v mead_n and_o beer_n at_o the_o dry_a or_o prohibit_v time_n when_o other_o russes_z may_v drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n call_v this_o new_a city_n by_o the_o name_n of_o nalâ—t_n that_o be_v skinck_v or_o pour_v in_o so_o that_o now_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n be_v not_o much_o big_a than_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o next_o in_o greatness_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n as_o large_a be_v the_o city_n novograde_a where_o be_v commit_v as_o the_o ruff_n say_v the_o memorable_a war_n so_o much_o speak_v of_o in_o story_n of_o the_o scythian_a servant_n that_o take_v arm_n against_o their_o master_n which_o they_o report_v in_o this_o sort_n viz._n that_o the_o boiarens_n or_o gentleman_n of_o novograde_a and_o the_o territory_n about_o which_o only_o be_v soldier_n after_o the_o discipline_n of_o those_o countreu_n have_v war_n with_o the_o tartar_n which_o be_v well_o perform_v and_o end_v by_o they_o they_o return_v homeward_o where_o they_o understand_v by_o the_o way_n that_o their_o cholâ—pey_n or_o bondslave_n who_o they_o leave_v at_o home_n have_v in_o their_o absence_n possess_v their_o town_n land_n house_n wife_n and_o all_o at_o which_o news_n be_v somewhat_o amaze_v and_o yet_o disdain_v the_o villainy_n of_o their_o servant_n they_o make_v the_o more_o speed_n home_o and_o so_o not_o far_o from_o novograde_a meet_v they_o in_o warlike_a manner_n march_v against_o they_o whereupon_o advise_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v they_o agree_v all_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o no_o other_o show_n of_o weapon_n but_o with_o their_o horse-whip_n which_o as_o their_o manner_n be_v every_o man_n ride_v withal_o to_o put_v they_o in_o remembrance_n of_o their_o servile_a condition_n thereby_o to_o terrify_v they_o and_o abate_v their_o courage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o and_o lash_v altogether_o with_o their_o whip_n in_o their_o hand_n they_o give_v the_o onset_n which_o seem_v so_o terrible_a in_o the_o ear_n of_o their_o villain_n and_o strike_v such_o a_o sense_n into_o they_o of_o the_o smart_n of_o the_o whip_n which_o they_o have_v feel_v before_o that_o they_o flee_v altogether_o like_o sheep_n before_o the_o driver_n in_o memory_n of_o this_o victory_n the_o novogradians_n ever_o since_o have_v stamp_v their_o coin_n which_o they_o call_v a_o dingee_n novogrod_n kâ—y_n currant_n through_o all_o russia_n with_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o horseman_n shake_v a_o whip_n aloft_o in_o his_o hand_n these_o two_o city_n exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o greatness_n for_o strength_n their_o chief_a town_n be_v vobsko_n smolensko_fw-mi cazan_n and_o astracan_a as_o lie_v upon_o the_o border_n but_o for_o situation_n jaruslave_v far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n for_o beside_o the_o commodity_n that_o the_o soil_n yield_v of_o pasture_n and_o corn_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o famous_a river_n volgha_n and_o look_v over_o it_o from_o a_o high_a bank_n very_o fair_a and_o stately_a to_o behold_v whereof_o the_o town_n take_v the_o name_n for_o jaruslave_v in_o that_o tongue_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o fair_a or_o famous_a bank_n in_o this_o town_n as_o may_v be_v guess_v by_o the_o name_n dwell_v the_o ruff_n king_n ulademir_n surname_v jaruslave_n that_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harald_n king_n of_o england_n by_o mediation_n of_o sueno_n the_o dane_n as_o be_v note_v in_o the_o danish_a story_n about_o the_o year_n 1067._o the_o other_o town_n have_v nothing_o that_o be_v great_o memorable_a save_o many_o ruin_n within_o their_o wall_n which_o show_v the_o decrease_n of_o the_o ruff_n people_n under_o this_o government_n the_o street_n of_o their_o city_n and_o town_n in_o stead_n of_o pave_v be_v plank_v with_o firre-tree_n plain_v and_o lay_v even_o close_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o their_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n without_o any_o lime_n or_o stone_n build_v very_o close_a and_o warm_a with_o firre-tree_n plain_v and_o pile_v one_o upon_o another_o they_o be_v fasten_v together_o with_o
much_o after_o the_o ruff_n manner_n speak_v of_o before_o save_v that_o they_o be_v all_o horseman_n and_o carry_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o bow_n a_o sheaf_n of_o arrow_n and_o a_o falcon_n sword_n after_o the_o turkish_a fashion_n they_o be_v very_o expert_a horseman_n and_o use_v to_o shoot_v as_o ready_o backward_o as_o forward_o some_o will_v have_v a_o horsemans_n staff_n like_o to_o a_o bear_v spear_n beside_o their_o other_o weapon_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o armour_n than_o his_o ordinary_a apparel_n viz._n a_o black_a sheep_n skin_n with_o the_o wool_n side_n outward_a in_o the_o daytime_n and_o inward_a in_o the_o nighttime_n with_o a_o cap_n of_o the_o same_o but_o their_o marsey_n or_o nobleman_n imitate_v the_o turk_n both_o in_o apparel_n and_o armour_n when_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v over_o a_o river_n with_o their_o army_n they_o tie_v three_o or_o four_o horse_n together_o and_o take_v long_a pole_n or_o piece_n of_o wood_n bind_v they_o fast_o to_o the_o tail_n of_o their_o horse_n so_o sit_v on_o the_o pole_n they_o drive_v their_o horse_n over_o at_o handy_a stroke_n when_o they_o come_v to_o join_v battle_n they_o be_v account_v far_o better_a man_n than_o the_o ruff_n people_n fierce_a by_o nature_n but_o more_o hardy_a and_o bloody_a by_o continual_a practice_n of_o war_n as_o man_n know_v no_o art_n of_o peace_n nor_o any_o civil_a practice_n yet_o their_o subtlety_n be_v more_o than_o may_v seem_v to_o agree_v with_o their_o barbarous_a condition_n by_o reason_n they_o be_v practise_v to_o invade_v continual_o and_o to_o rob_v their_o neighbour_n that_o border_n about_o they_o they_o be_v very_o pregnant_a and_o ready-witted_n to_o devise_v stratagem_n upon_o the_o sudden_a for_o their_o better_a advantage_n as_o in_o their_o war_n against_o beala_n the_o four_o king_n of_o hungary_n who_o they_o invade_v with_o 500000._o man_n and_o obtain_v against_o he_o a_o great_a victory_n where_o among_o other_o have_v slay_v his_o chancellor_n call_v nicholas_n schinick_n they_o find_v about_o he_o the_o king_n privy_a seal_n whereupon_o they_o devise_v present_o to_o counterfeit_v letter_n in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o the_o city_n and_o town_n next_o about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o field_n be_v fight_v with_o charge_n that_o in_o no_o case_n they_o shall_v convey_v themselves_o and_o their_o good_n out_o of_o their_o dwelling_n where_o they_o may_v abide_v safe_o without_o all_o fear_n of_o danger_n and_o not_o leave_v the_o country_n desolate_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o so_o vile_a and_o barbarous_a a_o enemy_n as_o be_v the_o tartar_n nation_n term_v themselves_o in_o all_o reproachful_a manner_n for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o carriage_n with_o some_o few_o straggler_n that_o have_v march_v disorderly_a yet_o he_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o recover_v that_o lossé_fw-fr with_o the_o access_n of_o a_o notable_a victory_n if_o the_o savage_a tartar_n dare_v abide_v he_o in_o the_o 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the_o place_n they_o use_v all_o manner_n of_o hostility_n and_o cruelty_n this_o they_o do_v upon_o a_o rule_n they_o have_v viz._n that_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v practise_v but_o towards_o their_o own_o they_o encounter_v not_o light_o but_o they_o have_v some_o ambush_n whereunto_o have_v once_o show_v themselves_o and_o make_v some_o short_a conflict_n they_o retire_v as_o repulse_v for_o fear_n and_o so_o draw_v the_o enemy_n into_o it_o if_o they_o can_v but_o the_o ruff_n be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o their_o practice_n be_v more_o wary_a of_o they_o when_o they_o come_v a_o rove_a with_o some_o small_a number_n they_o set_v on_o horseback_n counterfeit_a shape_n of_o man_n that_o their_o number_n may_v seem_v great_a when_o they_o make_v any_o onset_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o make_v a_o great-shout_n cry_v all_o out_o together_o olla_fw-mi billa_z olla_fw-mi billa_z god_n help_v we_o god_n help_v we_o they_o contemn_v death_n so_o much_o as_o that_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v then_o to_o yield_v to_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v see_v when_o they_o be_v slay_v to_o bite_v the_o very_a weapon_n when_o they_o be_v pass_v strike_v or_o help_v of_o themselves_o wherein_o appear_v how_o different_a the_o tartar_n be_v in_o his_o desperate_a courage_n from_o the_o ruff_n and_o turk_n for_o the_o russee_n soldier_n if_o he_o begin_v once_o to_o retire_v put_v all_o his_o safety_n in_o his_o speedy_a flight_n and_o if_o once_o he_o be_v take_v by_o his_o enemy_n he_o neither_o defend_v himself_o nor_o intreat_v for_o his_o life_n as_o reckon_v straight_o to_o die_v the_o turk_n common_o when_o he_o be_v past_a hope_n of_o escape_v fall_v to_o entreaty_n and_o cast_v away_o his_o weapon_n offer_v both_o his_o hand_n and_o hold_v they_o up_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v tie_v hope_v to_o save_v his_o life_n by_o offer_v himself_o bondslave_n the_o chief_a booty_n the_o tartar_n seek_v for_o in_o all_o their_o war_n be_v to_o get_v store_n of_o captive_n special_o young_a boy_n and_o girl_n who_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o turk_n or_o other_o their_o neighbour_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o take_v with_o they_o great_a basket_n make_v like_o baker_n pannier_n to_o carry_v they_o tender_o and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o happen_v to_o tire_v or_o to_o be_v sick_a on_o the_o way_n they_o dash_v he_o against_o the_o ground_n or_o some_o tree_n and_o so_o leave_v he_o dead_a the_o soldier_n be_v not_o trouble_v with_o keep_v the_o captive_n and_o the_o other_o booty_n for_o hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o their_o war_n but_o they_o have_v certain_a band_n that_o intend_v nothing_o else_o appoint_v of_o purpose_n to_o receive_v and_o keep_v the_o captive_n and_o the_o other_o prey_n the_o ruff_n border_n be_v use_v to_o their_o invasion_n light_o every_o year_n in_o the_o summer_n keep_v few_o other_o cattle_n on_o the_o border_n part_n save_o swine_n only_o which_o the_o tartar_n will_v not_o touch_v nor_o drive_v away_o with_o he_o for_o that_o 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the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n which_o he_o get_v in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o christian_n herein_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o turkish_a religion_n for_o that_o they_o have_v certain_a idol_n puppet_n make_v of_o silk_n or_o like_a stuff_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o man_n which_o they_o fasten_v to_o the_o door_n of_o their_o walk_a house_n to_o be_v as_o januss_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o house_n and_o these_o idol_n be_v make_v not_o by_o all_o but_o by_o certain_a religious_a woman_n which_o they_o have_v among_o they_o for_o that_o and_o like_a use_n they_o have_v beside_o the_o image_n of_o their_o king_n or_o great_a cham_n of_o a_o huge_a bigness_n which_o they_o erect_v at_o every_o stage_n when_o the_o army_n march_v and_o this_o every_o one_o must_v bend_v and_o bow_v unto_o
of_o their_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n four_o what_o other_o strange_a ceremony_n and_o superstitious_a devotion_n be_v use_v among_o they_o their_o office_n or_o degree_n of_o churchman_n be_v as_o many_o in_o number_n and_o the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n both_o in_o name_n and_o degree_n that_o be_v in_o the_o western_a church_n first_o they_o have_v their_o patriarch_n than_o their_o metropolites_n their_o archbishop_n their_o uladikey_n or_o bishop_n their_o protopape_n or_o archpriest_n their_o pape_n or_o priest_n their_o deacon_n friar_n monk_n nun_n and_o eremite_n their_o patriarch_n or_o chief_a director_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n until_o this_o last_o year_n be_v of_o the_o city_n of_o constantinople_n who_o they_o call_v the_o patriarch_n of_o sio_n because_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o turk_n out_o of_o canstantinople_n the_o sâ—at_a of_o his_o empire_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o isle_n sio_n sometime_o call_v chio_n and_o there_o place_v his_o patriarchicall_a sea_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n and_o clergy_n of_o russia_n be_v wont_n yearly_a to_o send_v gift_n thither_o and_o to_o acknowledge_v a_o spiritual_a kind_n of_o homage_n and_o subjection_n due_a to_o he_o and_o to_o that_o church_n which_o custom_n they_o have_v hold_v as_o it_o seem_v ever_o since_o they_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n which_o how_o long_o it_o have_v be_v i_o can_v not_o well_o learn_v for_o that_o they_o have_v no_o story_n or_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n that_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o to_o show_v what_o have_v be_v do_v in_o time_n pass_v within_o their_o country_n concern_v either_o church_n or_o common_a wealth_n matter_n only_o i_o hear_v a_o report_n among_o they_o that_o about_o three_o hundred_o year_n since_o there_o be_v a_o marriage_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o the_o king_n daughter_n of_o that_o country_n who_o at_o the_o first_o deny_v to_o join_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n with_o the_o greek_a emperor_n because_o 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book_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o time_n of_o their_o conversion_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n i_o suppose_v rather_o that_o it_o be_v mistake_v by_o the_o ruff_n for_o that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o the_o polonian_a story_n the_o second_o book_n the_o three_o chapter_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o about_o the_o year_n 990._o â—lodomirus_fw-la duke_n of_o russia_n marry_v one_o anne_n sister_n to_o basilius_n and_o constantiâ—us_n brother_n and_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n whereupon_o the_o ruff_n receive_v the_o faith_n and_o profession_n of_o christ._n which_o though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n note_v before_o out_o of_o the_o ruff_n report_n yet_o it_o fall_v out_o all_o to_o one_o reckon_v touch_v this_o point_n viz._n in_o what_o truth_n and_o sincerity_n of_o doctrine_n the_o ruff_n receive_v the_o first_o stamp_n of_o religion_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o greek_a church_n at_o that_o time_n also_o be_v many_o way_n infect_v with_o error_n and_o superstition_n at_o my_o be_v there_o the_o year_n 1588._o come_v unto_o the_o mosko_n the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n or_o sio_n call_v hieronymo_n be_v banish_v as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o turk_n as_o some_o other_o report_v by_o the_o greek_a clergy_n deprive_v the_o emperor_n be_v give_v altogether_o to_o superstitious_a devotion_n give_v he_o great_a entertainment_n before_o his_o come_n to_o mosko_n he_o have_v be_v in_o italy_n with_o the_o pope_n as_o be_v report_v then_o by_o some_o of_o his_o company_n his_o errand_n be_v to_o consult_v with_o the_o emperor_n concern_v these_o point_n first_o about_o a_o league_n to_o pass_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o the_o meet_a prince_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o opposition_n against_o the_o turk_n to_o which_o purpose_n also_o embassage_n have_v pass_v betwixt_o the_o ruff_n and_o the_o persian_a likewise_o from_o the_o georgian_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n to_o join_v league_n together_o for_o the_o invade_v of_o the_o turkâ—n_n â—n_z all_o side_n of_o his_o dominion_n take_v â—…e_a advantage_n of_o the_o simple_a quality_n â—f_n the_o turk_n that_o now_o be_v this_o treaâ—…e_n be_v help_v forward_o by_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n of_o almain_n â—…nt_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o solicit_v a_o â—…vasion_n upon_o the_o part_n of_o polonia_n â—hat_n lie_v towards_o rusland_n and_o to_o borâ—…ow_v money_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n â—…o_o pursue_v the_o war_n for_o his_o brother_n â—…aximilian_a against_o the_o swedensâ—onne_n â—onne_z now_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o this_o consultation_n concern_v a_o league_n beâ—…wixt_a the_o ruff_n and_o the_o spaniard_n which_o be_v in_o some_o forwardness_n at_o â—y_a come_n to_o mosko_n and_o already_o â—nâ—_n appoint_v for_o embassage_n into_o â—pain_n be_v mar_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o overthrow_n give_v to_o the_o spanish_a king_n by_o her_o majesty_n the_o queen_n of_o england_n this_o last_o year_n which_o make_v â—he_n russee_n emperor_n and_o his_o counsel_n â—o_o give_v a_o sad_a countenance_n to_o the_o english_a ambassador_n at_o that_o time_n for_o that_o they_o be_v disappoint_v of_o so_o good_a a_o policy_n as_o be_v this_o conjunction_n suppose_v to_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o â—he_v spanish_a his_o second_o purpose_n whereto_o the_o first_o serve_v as_o a_o introduction_n be_v in_o revenge_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o greek_a clergy_n that_o have_v thrust_v he_o from_o his_o seat_n to_o treat_v with_o they_o about_o the_o reduce_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n under_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n wherein_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o come_n late_o from_o rome_n he_o be_v set_v on_o by_o the_o pope_n who_o have_v attempt_v the_o same_o many_o time_n before_o though_o all_o in_o vain_a and_o namely_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n by_o one_o anthony_n his_o legate_n but_o think_v this_o belike_o a_o far_o better_a mean_a to_o obtain_v his_o purpose_n by_o treaty_n and_o mediation_n of_o their_o own_o patriarch_n but_o this_o not_o succeed_v the_o patriarch_n fall_v to_o a_o three_o point_n of_o treaty_n concern_v the_o resignation_n of_o his_o patriarchship_n and_o translation_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o constantinople_n or_o sio_n to_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n which_o be_v so_o well_o like_v and_o entertain_v by_o the_o emperor_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o high_a religion_n and_o policy_n that_o no_o other_o treaty_n special_o of_o foreign_a embassage_n can_v be_v hear_v or_o regard_v till_o that_o matter_n be_v conclude_v the_o reason_n wherewith_o the_o patriarch_n persuade_v the_o translate_n of_o his_o sea_n to_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n be_v these_o in_o effect_n first_o for_o that_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o patriarch_n be_v under_o the_o turk_n that_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o faith_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v remove_v into_o some_o other_o country_n of_o christian_a profession_n second_o because_o the_o ruff_n church_n be_v the_o only_a natural_a daughter_n of_o the_o greek_a at_o this_o time_n and_o hold_v the_o same_o doctrine_n and_o ceremony_n with_o it_o the_o rest_n be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o turk_n and_o fall_v away_o from_o the_o right_a profession_n wherein_o the_o subtle_a greek_a to_o make_v the_o better_a market_n of_o his_o break_a ware_n advance_v the_o honour_n that_o will_v grow_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o country_n to_o have_v the_o patriarch_n seat_n translate_v into_o the_o â—hief_a city_n and_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n as_o for_o the_o right_n of_o translate_n the_o sea_n and_o appoint_v his_o successor_n he_o make_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o but_o that_o it_o pertain_v whole_o to_o himself_o so_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o counsel_n with_o the_o principal_a of_o his_o clergy_n be_v assemble_v at_o the_o moâ—ko_n it_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o metropolite_n of_o mosko_n shall_v become_v patriarch_n of_o the_o whole_a greek_a church_n and_o