agree_v this_o consequence_n and_o in_o page_n 21_o allow_v gold_n and_o lead_v and_o other_o metal_n to_o be_v commodity_n of_o uncertain_a value_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o another_o value_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o why_o he_o have_v separate_v silver_n from_o gold_n which_o in_o all_o discourse_n use_v to_o go_v together_o or_o why_o that_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o commodity_n as_o well_o as_o other_o metal_n which_o have_v he_o please_v to_o have_v allow_v will_v have_v much_o shorten_v the_o debate_n what_o mr._n lock_v mean_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n be_v the_o estimate_n that_o common_a consent_n have_v place_v on_o it_o i_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v therefore_o must_v be_v excuse_v if_o i_o do_v not_o well_o answer_v it_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o estimate_n that_o common_a consent_n have_v place_v on_o silver_n that_o mankind_n have_v agree_v to_o set_v a_o certain_a and_o fix_a price_n upon_o silver_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v account_n how_o and_o when_o they_o make_v such_o agreement_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v of_o any_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o it_o must_v be_v late_o for_o there_o be_v no_o goldsmith_n that_o have_v be_v any_o considerable_a time_n at_o his_o trade_n but_o have_v buy_v the_o same_o sterling_a silver_n for_o four_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n four_o and_o ten_o penny_n and_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n for_o which_o he_o have_v give_v five_o and_o eight_o penny_n five_o and_o ten_o penny_n and_o six_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n if_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o estimate_n that_o common_a consent_n have_v place_v on_o silver_n that_o all_o government_n have_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o silver_n monies_n equal_a both_o for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n that_o too_o will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n for_o the_o silver_n coin_n in_o all_o government_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o raise_v and_o alter_v and_o they_o never_o do_v agree_v in_o equal_a quantity_n of_o fine_a silver_n as_o will_v be_v show_v in_o the_o discourse_n of_o money_n and_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o several_a coin_n that_o which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n of_o riches_n and_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n be_v these_o five_o several_a maxim_n which_o i_o have_v here_o set_v together_o because_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o hereafter_o viz._n 1._o that_o nothing_o have_v a_o price_n or_o value_n in_o itself_o 2._o that_o the_o price_n or_o value_n of_o every_o thing_n arise_v from_o the_o occasion_n or_o use_v for_o it_o 3._o that_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o occasion_n make_v thing_n of_o great_a or_o lesser_a value_n 4._o that_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o one_o commodity_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v not_o for_o the_o same_o use_n 5._o that_o in_o trade_n and_o commerce_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o commodity_n when_o their_o value_v be_v equal_a that_o be_v twenty_o shilling_n worth_a of_o lead_n or_o iron_n to_o some_o merchant_n be_v the_o same_o as_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o silver_n or_o gold_n of_o money_n and_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o several_a coin_n mr._n lock_n say_v pag_n 22._o that_o money_n differ_v from_o vncoined_a silver_n only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v ascertain_v by_o the_o stamp_n it_o bear_v which_o be_v set_v there_o to_o be_v a_o public_a voucher_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n that_o it_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n mankind_n give_v or_o take_v or_o contract_n for_o that_o they_o estimate_v the_o value_n of_o other_o thing_n and_o satisfy_v for_o they_o and_o thus_o by_o its_o quantity_n silver_n become_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n the_o question_n betwixt_o we_o here_o will_v be_v whether_o money_n have_v its_o sole_a value_n from_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o coin_n or_o whether_o money_n have_v not_o some_o value_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n where_o it_o be_v coin_v above_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n for_o the_o better_a answer_v this_o question_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o discourse_v in_o general_n of_o money_n and_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o the_o several_a coin_n money_n be_v a_o value_n give_v to_o a_o piece_n of_o metal_n by_o the_o stamp_n of_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v common_o great_a than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o metal_n that_o bear_v the_o impression_n the_o value_n of_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v know_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o stamp_n size_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o piece_n money_n be_v common_o make_v of_o some_o metal_n but_o it_o be_v more_o for_o conveniency_n than_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o value_n arise_v from_o public_a authority_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v set_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v as_o convenient_a and_o can_v be_v as_o well_o preserve_v from_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o in_o several_a country_n money_n be_v not_o make_v of_o metal_n as_o in_o some_o part_n of_o guiney_n money_n be_v make_v of_o shell_n and_o mr._n lock_n observe_v in_o india_n money_n be_v by_o yard_n of_o wampompeak_v and_o in_o england_n it_o be_v former_o make_v of_o leather_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o do_v as_o well_o describe_v the_o value_n of_o land_n now_o to_o say_v ten_o twenty_o or_o a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o land_n in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o most_o civilise_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o money_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n or_o brass_n it_o be_v four_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o year_n before_o the_o roman_n have_v any_o silver_n money_n and_o sixty_o two_o year_n after_o before_o they_o have_v any_o money_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o have_v but_o very_o little_a of_o either_o till_o they_o have_v great_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n and_o from_o the_o spoil_n of_o those_o conquer_a rich_a city_n carthage_n athens_n and_o alexandria_n bring_v a_o great_a plenty_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n into_o their_o exchequer_n and_o it_o always_o continue_v scarce_o in_o europe_n till_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n there_o be_v now_o in_o most_o country_n of_o europe_n three_o sort_n of_o money_n copper_n gold_n and_o silver_n money_n and_o they_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n according_a to_o what_o they_o be_v stamp_v at_o the_o farthing_n of_o england_n the_o duyt_n of_o holland_n the_o denier_n of_o france_n the_o reas_n of_o portugal_n and_o the_o malvedy_n of_o spain_n etc._n etc._n do_v buy_v and_o pay_v for_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n as_o well_o as_o the_o money_n that_o be_v make_v of_o silver_n or_o gold_n and_o the_o merchant_n both_o in_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o their_o account_n do_v as_o often_o reckon_v by_o the_o copper_n money_n as_o by_o the_o silver_n money_n and_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n be_v often_o make_v from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o copper_n money_n as_o in_o portugal_n the_o merchant_n do_v often_o draw_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o rial_n of_o four_o hundred_o reas_n or_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o reas._n and_o so_o in_o spain_n he_o draw_v his_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o rial_n of_o three_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o malvedy_n or_o more_o according_a to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o in_o holland_n some_o merchant_n draw_v their_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o groat_n which_o be_v a_o base_a money_n as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o shilling_n for_o the_o value_n of_o money_n arise_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o government_n if_o the_o authority_n be_v the_o same_o the_o value_n of_o the_o copper_n silver_n or_o gold_n money_n must_v be_v the_o same_o in_o proportion_n to_o what_o they_o be_v set_v at_o and_o copper_n be_v a_o metal_n of_o lesser_a value_n than_o either_o gold_n or_o silver_n be_v much_o better_a to_o make_v small_a money_n of_o because_o the_o piece_n be_v thereby_o make_v large_a and_o fit_a for_o use_n and_o handle_n there_o be_v more_o bargain_n make_v with_o copper_n money_n then_o either_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n for_o those_o commodity_n that_o be_v buy_v in_o great_a parcel_n be_v sell_v by_o retail_n in_o small_a parcel_n for_o common_a use_n and_o for_o one_o bargain_n make_v with_o silver_n or_o gold_n money_n there_o be_v ten_o make_v with_o copper_n money_n five_o or_o ten_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n which_o may_v cost_v five_o or_o ten_o pound_n in_o silver_n money_n at_o one_o bargain_n be_v divide_v into_o twopeny_n peny_n and_o halfpenny_n loaf_n
a_o discourse_n concern_v coin_v the_o new_a money_n light_a in_o answer_n to_o mr._n lock_n be_v consideration_n about_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o money_n by_o nicholas_n barbon_n esq_n london_n print_v for_o richard_n chiswell_n at_o the_o rose_n and_o crown_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n mdcxcvi_o preface_n this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n at_o this_o time_n to_o new-coin_n their_o clipt-money_n according_a to_o the_o old_a standard_n both_o for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n or_o to_o coin_v it_o somewhat_o light_a have_v be_v of_o late_a the_o business_n of_o the_o press_n and_o the_o common_a subject_n of_o debate_n and_o since_o there_o have_v be_v so_o much_o write_v and_o say_v pro_n &_o con_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o yet_o gentleman_n continue_v still_o unsatisfied_a and_o of_o different_a opinion_n i_o can_v not_o hope_v from_o any_o thing_n i_o may_v write_v to_o have_v better_a success_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o appear_v in_o public_a in_o this_o controversy_n though_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v for_o answer_v mr._n lowndes_n that_o be_v that_o by_o my_o silence_n i_o may_v seem_v to_o renounce_v my_o own_o opinion_n have_v some_o time_n since_o write_v a_o discourse_n of_o trade_n wherein_o the_o definition_n of_o money_n differ_v from_o what_o mr._n lock_v assert_n but_o have_v consider_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o coin_v the_o money_n by_o the_o old_a standard_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o those_o argumeut_n that_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o prevent_v it_o shall_v whole_o convince_v those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n but_o that_o they_o will_v have_v the_o same_o success_n if_o they_o do_v but_o create_v a_o doubt_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o person_n in_o doubt_n of_o their_o own_o opinion_n in_o this_o controversy_n may_v be_v persuade_v to_o consent_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o contrary_a not_o only_o that_o they_o may_v thereby_o discover_v the_o truth_n but_o because_o by_o the_o experiment_n there_o appear_v so_o plain_a a_o advantage_n as_o the_o multiply_a the_o species_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o save_v the_o nation_n near_o a_o million_o of_o money_n in_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o so_o chargeable_a a_o war._n i_o be_v therefore_o encourage_v in_o hope_n of_o such_o success_n to_o offer_v my_o reason_n for_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n to_o public_a consideration_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o weigh_v and_o examine_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o answer_v mr._n lock_n be_v objection_n to_o the_o contrary_a which_o both_o from_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o person_n that_o write_v they_o and_o the_o reception_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v from_o great_a personage_n before_o they_o be_v publish_v be_v of_o great_a force_n in_o this_o debate_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o clear_v this_o controversy_n be_v that_o it_o be_v about_o a_o matter_n where_o profit_n accompany_v the_o decision_n of_o it_o gentleman_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o argument_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v biased_a by_o private_a interest_n and_o so_o run_v contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n which_o lessen_v the_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o be_v use_v in_o such_o debate_n but_o this_o be_v a_o equal_a objection_n to_o the_o reason_n on_o both_o side_n for_o as_o the_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n may_v be_v profitable_a to_o those_o that_o have_v interest_n in_o bank_n have_v great_a cash_n in_o old_a money_n so_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o coin_n of_o the_o money_n to_o the_o old_a standard_n may_v be_v as_o profitable_a to_o bank_n by_o melt_v of_o it_o down_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n of_o advantage_n it_o must_v be_v to_o the_o latter_a because_o beside_o the_o profit_n by_o melt_v nothing_o can_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o bank_n than_o scarcity_n of_o money_n when_o man_n will_v be_v glad_a to_o take_v a_o bank-note_a for_o want_v of_o it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a nothing_o can_v be_v more_o disadvantageous_a to_o bank_n especial_o to_o those_o young_a in_o credit_n than_o plenty_n of_o new_a money_n when_o the_o money_n may_v be_v soon_o tell_v than_o a_o note_v write_v so_o that_o if_o i_o be_v to_o consider_v my_o private_a interest_n i_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n to_o that_o i_o argue_v for_o and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v believe_v when_o i_o declare_v that_o i_o have_v no_o other_o design_n in_o write_v this_o discourse_n than_o the_o service_n of_o my_o country_n and_o i_o have_v the_o same_o candour_n to_o believe_v it_o of_o those_o that_o have_v write_v for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o that_o mr._n lock_n and_o i_o do_v in_o this_o agree_v though_o in_o our_o argument_n we_o differ_v for_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o any_o person_n for_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n will_v argue_v for_o the_o coin_v the_o money_n by_o the_o old_a standard_n when_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n will_v be_v so_o fatal_a to_o his_o country_n which_o will_v be_v no_o less_o than_o the_o want_n of_o the_o species_n of_o money_n a_o stop_n of_o trade_n and_o a_o general_a complaint_n and_o poverty_n all_o over_o the_o nation_n i_o have_v follow_v the_o same_o method_n in_o answer_v mr._n lock_v as_o he_o have_v use_v in_o answer_v mr._n lownds_o which_o be_v by_o lay_v down_o several_a proposition_n contrary_a to_o mr._n lock_n be_v and_o from_o thence_o to_o argue_v and_o show_v wherein_o his_o be_v mistake_v i_o have_v choose_v rather_o to_o sum_v up_o the_o chief_a substance_n of_o his_o argument_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o brevity_n than_o to_o recite_v his_o sense_n in_o his_o own_o word_n and_o if_o in_o any_o place_n i_o have_v mistake_v his_o sense_n i_o do_v beg_v his_o pardon_n and_o do_v assure_v he_o that_o it_o be_v not_o wilful_o but_o for_o want_v of_o right_a understanding_n of_o it_o for_o i_o have_v the_o same_o design_n as_o mr._n lock_v that_o truth_n betwixt_o we_o may_v appear_v and_o therefore_o shall_v use_v his_o own_o word_n that_o i_o shall_v think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o he_o or_o any_o one_o else_o who_o shall_v show_v i_o or_o the_o public_a any_o material_a mistake_n in_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o say_v whereon_o any_o part_n of_o the_o question_n turn_v the_o want_n of_o leisure_n from_o other_o affair_n may_v very_o well_o have_v be_v plead_v for_o not_o write_v in_o this_o debate_n but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v allow_v i_o for_o a_o excuse_n in_o not_o write_v so_o well_o on_o this_o subject_a as_o the_o weightiness_n of_o it_o may_v require_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o style_n the_o method_n of_o argue_v or_o the_o omission_n of_o several_a thing_n to_o the_o clear_v the_o controversy_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v my_o time_n ill_o spend_v especial_o if_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v write_v may_v tend_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a the_o content_n or_o chief_z substance_n of_o mr._n have_v book_n that_o silver_n be_v the_o instrument_n and_o measure_n of_o commerce_n by_o its_o intrinsic_a value_n the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n be_v the_o estimate_n which_o common_a consent_n have_v place_v on_o it_o silver_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n by_o its_o quantity_n which_o be_v also_o the_o measure_n of_o its_o intrinsic_a value_n it_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n man_n give_v take_v and_o contract_n for_o that_o they_o estimate_v the_o value_n of_o other_o thing_n by_o and_o give_v and_o take_v in_o exchange_n for_o all_o other_o commodity_n that_o money_n differ_v from_o vncoined_a silver_n only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n be_v ascertain_v by_o its_o stamp_n which_o be_v set_v there_o to_o be_v a_o public_a voucher_n for_o its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n that_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o money_n be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o one_o country_n contain_v in_o they_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o that_o in_o another_o number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o another_o country_n that_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o a_o country_n be_v only_o make_v and_o preserve_v by_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n from_o these_o proposition_n mr._n lock_n argue_v that_o it_o will_v be_v no_o advantage_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n but_o a_o great_a loss_n to_o all_o the_o creditor_n and_o land_a man_n of_o england_n for_o bullion_n or_o vncoined_a silver_n have_v a_o intrinsic_a value_n can_v never_o rise_v nor_o fall_v and_o money_n differ_v only_o from_o silver_n in_o this_o that_o the_o stamp_n ascertain_v the_o weight_n and_o
silver_n pearl_n diamond_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n they_o be_v use_v to_o adorn_v and_o deck_v the_o body_n they_o be_v badge_n of_o riches_n and_o serve_v to_o make_v distinction_n of_o preference_n among_o man_n these_o two_o general_n want_v mankind_n be_v bear_v with_o and_o they_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o he_o that_o he_o be_v better_a distinguish_v by_o what_o he_o want_v than_o what_o he_o enjoy_v a_o poor_a man_n want_v a_o pound_n a_o rich_a man_n a_o hundred_o other_o thousand_o and_o a_o prince_n hundred_o of_o thousand_o desire_n and_o want_v increase_v with_o riches_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o content_v man_n be_v the_o only_a rich_a man_n because_o he_o want_v nothing_o thing_n that_o supply_v the_o want_v of_o the_o body_n and_o support_v life_n may_v be_v account_v to_o have_v a_o real_a and_o natural_a value_n they_o be_v at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n of_o value_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n can_v have_v a_o intrinsic_a 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that_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o a_o bracelet_n of_o glass-bead_n be_v of_o more_o value_n in_o guiney_n than_o a_o bracelet_n of_o gold_n because_o it_o be_v there_o more_o rare_a those_o people_n be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o make_v glass_n and_o have_v more_o plenty_n of_o gold_n than_o glass_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n knife_n and_o thing_n make_v of_o iron_n and_o steel_n be_v of_o more_o value_n in_o those_o country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o iron-mine_n and_o have_v plenty_n of_o silver-mine_n and_o if_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o quality_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o steel_n aught_o to_o have_v a_o great_a value_n than_o those_o that_o be_v make_v of_o silver_n because_o they_o be_v much_o more_o useful_a there_o be_v nothing_o that_o trouble_v this_o controversy_n more_o than_o for_o want_n of_o distinguish_v betwixt_o value_n and_o virtue_n value_n be_v only_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n that_o can_v never_o be_v certain_a because_o it_o must_v be_v then_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o same_o value_n therefore_o nothing_o can_v have_v a_o intrinsic_a value_n but_o thing_n have_v a_o intrinsic_a virtue_n in_o themselves_o which_o in_o all_o place_n have_v the_o same_o virtue_n as_o the_o loadstone_n to_o attract_v iron_n and_o the_o several_a quality_n that_o belong_v to_o herb_n and_o drug_n some_o purgative_n some_o diuretical_a etc._n etc._n but_o these_o thing_n though_o they_o may_v have_v great_a virtue_n may_v be_v of_o small_a or_o no_o value_n or_o price_n according_a to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v plenty_n or_o scarce_o as_o the_o red-nettle_n though_o it_o be_v of_o excellent_a virtue_n to_o stop_v bleed_v yet_o here_o it_o be_v a_o weed_n of_o no_o value_n from_o its_o plenty_n and_o so_o be_v spice_n and_o drug_n in_o their_o own_o native_a soil_n of_o no_o value_n but_o as_o common_a shrub_n and_o weed_n 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that_o each_o nation_n consume_v in_o the_o perishable_a good_n of_o each_o country_n but_o as_o the_o argument_n be_v ground_v on_o a_o simile_n so_o they_o have_v the_o fate_n of_o all_o such_o argument_n to_o be_v lame_a and_o not_o run_v upon_o all_o four_o according_a to_o the_o say_n similitudo_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la quatuor_fw-la pedibus_fw-la for_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o nation_n be_v vafy_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o private_a person_n the_o one_o be_v infinite_a the_o other_o finite_a there_o be_v every_o year_n a_o harvest_n a_o perpetual_a increase_n of_o cattle_n and_o the_o mine_n can_v never_o be_v exhaust_v so_o that_o the_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o the_o chest_n may_v be_v spend_v which_o be_v a_o limit_a sum_n yet_o the_o tin_n lead_v wool_n and_o those_o manufacture_n that_o be_v make_v of_o they_o can_v never_o be_v consume_v for_o no_o sort_n of_o trade_n can_v waste_v the_o stock_n of_o a_o nation_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v a_o nation_n as_o 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in_o value_n that_o be_v perishable_a but_o by_o observe_v which_o import_v most_o of_o such_o sort_n of_o good_n that_o most_o increase_n or_o lessen_v the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o people_n and_o which_o nation_n import_v or_o export_v most_o of_o such_o good_n by_o which_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v make_v rich_a this_o can_v never_o be_v discern_v by_o the_o value_n of_o good_n in_o the_o customhouse_n book_n or_o by_o any_o other_o calculation_n that_o be_v propose_v for_o the_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n for_o though_o a_o nation_n shall_v import_v and_o consume_v less_o in_o value_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n than_o be_v export_v of_o the_o native_a and_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v the_o balance_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o bullion_n yet_o such_o a_o nation_n may_v grow_v poor_a and_o be_v undo_v for_o suppose_v antwerp_n be_v the_o staple_n for_o wool_n as_o it_o be_v former_o before_o england_n have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o make_v cloth_n and_o the_o english_a wool_n be_v carry_v thither_o and_o in_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n bring_v back_o as_o much_o cloth_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o supply_v england_n and_o the_o rest_n they_o return_v in_o bullion_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o nation_n will_v be_v a_o great_a loser_n by_o such_o a_o trade_n though_o it_o do_v not_o consume_v so_o much_o of_o their_o foreign_a cloth_n in_o value_n as_o the_o fleming_n do_v of_o our_o wool_n for_o by_o such_o a_o trade_n all_o those_o that_o use_v to_o make_v the_o cloth_n and_o stuff_n will_v grow_v poor_a for_o want_v of_o employment_n and_o the_o nation_n will_v lose_v the_o profit_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o the_o same_o argument_n may_v be_v use_v in_o export_v of_o raw_a hide_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v unwrought_a so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n import_v but_o from_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o good_n that_o make_v a_o nation_n rich_a or_o poor_a and_o the_o import_v of_o wine_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n that_o be_v only_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o people_n which_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v as_o profitable_a as_o the_o import_v of_o bullion_n so_o that_o the_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o poverty_n or_o riches_n of_o a_o nation_n by_o such_o a_o balance_n of_o trade_n from_o the_o value_n of_o good_n if_o such_o account_n can_v be_v take_v will_v be_v of_o no_o use_n there_o be_v but_o one_o infallible_a symptom_n to_o know_v when_o trading_n nation_n thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a that_o be_v when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o populous_a when_o they_o enlarge_v and_o new-build_a their_o city_n and_o town_n and_o when_o they_o increase_v their_o ship_n and_o naval_a strength_n i_o have_v insist_v long_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o discourse_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n do_v so_o general_o perplex_v all_o debate_n concern_v trade_n and_o that_o the_o notion_n seem_v as_o if_o it_o be_v at_o first_o invent_v by_o some_o merchant_n on_o pu_fw-fr pose_n to_o mislead_v man_n reason_n about_o trade_n because_o it_o be_v common_o use_v for_o a_o argument_n against_o any_o flourish_a trade_n that_o such_o a_o trade_n be_v not_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o spanish_a merchant_n use_v to_o cry_v out_o against_o the_o french_a the_o turkey_n company_n against_o the_o east-india_n company_n and_o now_o all_o of_o they_o against_o the_o dutch._n and_o all_o their_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n by_o which_o argument_n they_o too_o often_o prevail_v to_o get_v prohibition_n and_o great_a imposition_n to_o lessen_v such_o and_o such_o trade_n for_o each_o merchant_n particular_a advantage_n and_o too_o often_o against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o question_n that_o be_v whether_o if_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v against_o a_o nation_n the_o money_n will_v be_v carry_v out_o to_o pay_v the_o debt_n be_v the_o value_n of_o it_o raise_v or_o not_o and_o though_o i_o be_o of_o a_o opinion_n there_o never_o be_v any_o balance_n of_o trade_n make_v up_o nor_o can_v be_v by_o any_o method_n propose_v as_o i_o have_v yet_o hear_v of_o nor_o any_o such_o use_n to_o be_v make_v by_o it_o as_o be_v expect_v if_o it_o can_v be_v find_v out_o yet_o because_o i_o can_v think_v that_o gentleman_n may_v on_o a_o sudden_a alter_v their_o opinion_n by_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v write_v against_o a_o subject_a so_o general_o believe_v i_o will_v therefore_o for_o
argument_n sake_n suppose_v there_o be_v a_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o that_o it_o be_v or_o may_v be_v cast_v up_o every_o year_n with_o every_o nation_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o account_n must_v be_v pay_v in_o money_n for_o if_o the_o balance_n be_v pay_v by_o value_n it_o be_v no_o matter_n by_o what_o sort_n of_o good_n that_o value_n be_v pay_v for_o one_o sort_n of_o ware_n be_v as_o good_a as_o another_o if_o the_o value_v be_v equal_a a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o lead_n or_o iron_n be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o silver_n or_o gold_n the_o general_a way_n of_o balance_v all_o account_n in_o foreign_a trade_n be_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a exchange_n be_v the_o pay_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n in_o one_o country_n to_o be_v repay_v the_o same_o sum_n in_o the_o foreign_a coin_n of_o another_o country_n with_o allowance_n of_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n of_o pay_v it_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n which_o be_v call_v with_o single_a or_o double_a usance_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o foreign_a trade_n in_o england_n all_o foreign_a exchange_n be_v make_v in_o a_o office_n set_v up_o on_o purpose_n to_o return_v bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o office_n at_o first_o be_v settle_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o afterward_o the_o king_n grant_v patent_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o the_o last_o patent_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o lord_n burleigh_n than_o lord_n treasurer_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n those_o that_o keep_v the_o office_n do_v general_o belong_v to_o the_o mint_n and_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o bullion_n and_o foreign_a coin_n but_o with_o no_o other_o commodity_n in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o foreign_a trade_n all_o sort_n of_o foreign_a coin_n be_v in_o all_o trade_n country_n currant_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n foreign_a coin_n be_v currant_n till_o the_o year_n 1622_o at_o which_o time_n a_o placate_v be_v set_v out_o forbid_v all_o foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o bullion_n by_o weight_n except_o about_o half_a a_o score_n sort_n of_o gold_n coin_n and_o as_o many_o silver_n therein_o express_v in_o france_n all_o foreign_a coin_n be_v currant_n till_o the_o year_n 1614_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o lewis_n xiii_o in_o those_o day_n all_o sort_n of_o money_n be_v currant_n the_o money_n be_v often_o send_v over_o in_o specie_fw-la from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o to_o buy_v good_n and_o balance_v account_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o harry_n viii_o the_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o there_o be_v a_o great_a complaint_n against_o the_o exchanger_n for_o send_v away_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereupon_o he_o order_v a_o stop_n upon_o the_o office_n of_o foreign_a exchange_n and_o prohibit_v for_o some_o time_n any_o foreign_a bill_n to_o be_v either_o accept_v or_o draw_v to_o prevent_v the_o send_v away_o of_o the_o money_n but_o since_o foreign_a trade_n be_v grow_v more_o disperse_v and_o enlarge_v almost_o every_o merchant_n accept_v and_o draw_v bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o since_o no_o money_n now_o pass_v currant_n but_o in_o that_o country_n where_o it_o be_v coin_v it_o be_v not_o usual_a to_o send_v over_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la to_o buy_v good_n or_o balance_v the_o account_n for_o the_o merchant_n that_o draw_v and_o accept_v bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v general_a trader_n and_o acquaint_v with_o the_o value_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n and_o money_n be_v a_o commodity_n and_o reckon_v as_o bullion_n in_o a_o foreign_a country_n if_o there_o be_v effect_n of_o the_o same_o value_n to_o answer_v the_o bill_n in_o any_o sort_n of_o good_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o if_o money_n be_v send_v to_o answer_v it_o and_o if_o the_o merchant_n have_v no_o effect_n in_o the_o country_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v yet_o if_o he_o have_v in_o any_o foreign_a country_n to_o which_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v usual_o draw_v he_o may_v answer_v his_o bill_n and_o pay_v the_o balance_n of_o his_o account_n without_o money_n by_o draw_v bill_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o where_o his_o effect_n be_v and_o therefore_o when_o mr._n lock_n say_v that_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o foreign_a account_n must_v be_v send_v over_o and_o pay_v in_o money_n he_o must_v suppose_v that_o the_o nation_n have_v no_o other_o effect_n in_o any_o other_o foreign_a country_n but_o that_o they_o be_v at_o the_o selfsame_a time_n even_o every_o where_o else_o which_o never_o be_v nor_o never_o can_v be_v as_o long_o as_o a_o nation_n continue_v in_o trade_n and_o also_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o stop_v put_v to_o trade_n till_o such_o a_o account_n be_v balance_v by_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n or_o else_o a_o nation_n that_o have_v any_o effect_n in_o value_n may_v send_v over_o good_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n without_o send_v over_o their_o money_n beside_o some_o nation_n have_v little_a or_o no_o bullion_n in_o their_o country_n as_o denmark_n sueden_n and_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o the_o merchant_n account_n be_v as_o well_o pay_v and_o balance_v as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n where_o there_o be_v more_o plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o as_o the_o course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n now_o be_v there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o send_v over_o money_n to_o buy_v good_n or_o balance_v the_o account_n for_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o bill_n be_v first_o draw_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o send_v money_n over_o where_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v accept_v and_o repay_v and_o the_o buy_n of_o good_n or_o balance_v of_o the_o account_n be_v do_v by_o the_o foreign_a money_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v receive_v from_o the_o person_n that_o accept_v the_o bill_n money_n be_v never_o carry_v out_o of_o any_o country_n where_o it_o be_v coin_v except_o it_o be_v to_o those_o country_n where_o the_o bullion_n bear_v a_o high_a price_n than_o what_o the_o money_n be_v currant_n at_o or_o when_o the_o exchange_n run_v so_o high_a to_o any_o country_n as_o it_o will_v be_v more_o profit_n to_o the_o merchant_n to_o melt_v down_o the_o money_n and_o send_v it_o over_o in_o bullion_n than_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o both_o these_o case_n it_o may_v often_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o money_n may_v be_v send_v over_o to_o a_o country_n and_o yet_o no_o debt_n contract_v in_o that_o country_n and_o therefore_o the_o balance_a the_o account_n can_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o draw_v the_o money_n out_o of_o a_o nation_n for_o though_o spain_n be_v not_o indebt_v to_o any_o nation_n yet_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v be_v bring_v away_o for_o be_v more_o plentiful_a there_o than_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n because_o of_o the_o west-indies_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o be_v consequent_o there_o of_o a_o low_a value_n and_o be_v their_o chief_a staple_n commodity_n have_v little_o other_o good_n of_o value_n if_o they_o will_v trade_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o have_v their_o commodity_n they_o must_v give_v their_o bullion_n in_o exchange_n though_o their_o law_n be_v capital_a that_o prohibit_v it_o and_o yet_o every_o time_n they_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n there_o may_v be_v no_o debt_n leave_v on_o either_o side_n and_o the_o same_o likewise_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o foreign_a exchange_n for_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o foreign_a exchange_n be_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sum_n that_o be_v to_o be_v return_v in_o the_o exchange_n just_o as_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n be_v cheap_a or_o dear_a from_o their_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n so_o the_o exchange_n to_o any_o place_n be_v either_o high_o or_o low_o according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o money_n that_o be_v to_o be_v return_v by_o the_o exchange_n sometime_o a_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o be_v return_v and_o a_o little_a while_n after_o to_o the_o same_o place_n may_v be_v worth_a as_o much_o to_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v when_o the_o exchange_n be_v high_a that_o there_o be_v as_o great_a a_o conveniency_n in_o send_v to_o the_o same_o place_n the_o bullion_n as_o there_o be_v to_o get_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n to_o save_v five_o or_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v send_v away_o the_o money_n and_o this_o may_v fall_v out_o when_o there_o be_v no_o debt_n owe_v at_o the_o place_n as_o to_o instance_n if_o a_o merchant_n be_v to_o buy_v good_n at_o francfort_n or_o amsterdam_n at_o the_o
every_o body_n refuse_v the_o money_n in_o general_n for_o fear_v the_o loss_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o that_o last_o take_v it_o so_o that_o the_o money_n become_v useless_a have_v lose_v the_o currancy_n and_o quality_n of_o money_n and_o all_o the_o murmur_n and_o disorder_n ensue_v that_o usual_o attend_v a_o nation_n that_o want_v money_n to_o drive_v their_o trade_n and_o commerce_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v give_v but_o this_o with_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o not_o exceed_v ten_o or_o fifteen_o per_fw-la cent_n when_o the_o money_n be_v raise_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o answer_v mr._n lock_n be_v objection_n that_o the_o government_n can_v raise_v their_o money_n as_o high_a as_o they_o please_v nor_o make_v themselves_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o please_v the_o great_a objection_n that_o mr._n lock_n make_v against_o the_o raise_n the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v that_o if_o the_o government_n have_v a_o power_n to_o give_v a_o value_n of_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o their_o money_n why_o not_o twenty_o fifty_o or_o as_o high_a as_o they_o please_v and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o government_n be_v power_n at_o any_o time_n to_o make_v themselves_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o please_v such_o a_o power_n at_o this_o time_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v for_o when_o the_o nation_n be_v engage_v in_o so_o chargeable_a a_o war_n but_o that_o be_v the_o misfortune_n that_o attend_v we_o that_o such_o a_o power_n can_v be_v only_o wish_v for_o for_o though_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v a_o power_n to_o give_v a_o value_n to_o their_o money_n yet_o that_o power_n be_v limit_v and_o when_o ever_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o exceed_v those_o limit_n which_o upon_o a_o extraordinary_a emergency_n they_o have_v sometime_o do_v they_o have_v fall_v under_o great_a mischief_n by_o reason_n the_o money_n have_v be_v always_o counterfeit_v than_o the_o advantage_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o amount_v to_o by_o do_v of_o it_o and_o have_v always_o be_v force_v to_o call_v in_o such_o money_n and_o reduce_v the_o value_n within_o its_o usual_a limit_n and_o bound_n there_o be_v two_o cause_n why_o prince_n and_o state_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o money_n the_o one_o be_v ordinary_a and_o the_o other_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a and_o common_a cause_n of_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n be_v the_o rise_v of_o bullion_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v commodity_n for_o other_o use_v beside_o the_o make_n of_o money_n as_o for_o make_v of_o plate_n lace_n gilding_n etc._n etc._n and_o beside_o it_o be_v scarce_a in_o some_o country_n and_o more_o plenty_n in_o other_o and_o the_o value_n of_o all_o thing_n arise_v from_o their_o occasion_n and_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n make_v thing_n cheap_a and_o dear_a when_o ever_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o the_o maker_n of_o plate_n lace_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o merchant_n to_o export_v it_o to_o the_o indies_n or_o those_o country_n where_o it_o be_v more_o scarce_a will_v give_v more_o for_o bullion_n to_o supply_v such_o occasion_n than_o the_o mint_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o value_n the_o money_n be_v at_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v be_v force_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n to_o prevent_v it_o from_o be_v melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o the_o knowledge_n when_o bullion_n be_v rise_v above_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o mint_n for_o the_o mint_n be_v the_o common_a shop_n and_o market_n place_n for_o the_o merchant_n to_o carry_v in_o their_o bullion_n and_o when_o ever_o they_o forbear_v the_o bring_n of_o it_o thither_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o better_a price_n in_o another_o place_n for_o bullion_n never_o continue_v long_o in_o a_o place_n unaltered_a because_o it_o yield_v no_o profit_n while_o it_o continue_v so_o but_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v it_o become_v useful_a for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o save_v the_o charge_n of_o borrow_a money_n or_o else_o may_v be_v put_v out_o to_o interest_n and_o if_o it_o be_v wrought_v into_o plate_n lace_n etc._n etc._n it_o pay_v for_o the_o fashion_n and_o workmanship_n and_o if_o it_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o indies_n or_o some_o country_n where_o it_o be_v dear_a it_o produce_v profit_n by_o the_o exchange_n of_o those_o good_n that_o be_v buy_v with_o it_o when_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o europe_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o coin_n the_o rest_n general_o follow_v it_o be_v too_o long_o to_o give_v particular_a instance_n but_o if_o it_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n with_o those_o of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o have_v raise_v their_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v or_o rather_o high_a for_o that_o since_o the_o time_n of_o st._n lewis_n who_o be_v co-temporary_a with_o edward_n the_o iiid_n the_o sol_n and_o crown_n contain_v then_o near_o six_o time_n more_o of_o fine_a silver_n than_o the_o sol_n and_o french_a crown_n do_v that_o be_v late_o coin_v which_o be_v a_o great_a proportion_n than_o the_o money_n have_v rise_v in_o england_n since_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n be_v not_o quite_o four_o time_n light_a the_o reason_n be_v it_o be_v almost_o a_o hundred_o year_n since_o the_o english_a have_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o silver_n coin_n and_o in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o french_a have_v raise_v they_o twice_o which_o will_v have_v make_v the_o english_a money_n much_o of_o the_o same_o rise_v with_o give_v of_o allowance_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a who_o have_v always_o undervalue_v their_o silver_n money_n and_o overvalue_v their_o gold_n in_o respect_n to_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o have_v since_o twice_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o gold_n to_o wit_n in_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n who_o coin_v a_o twenty-shilling-piece_n of_o gold_n light_a by_o two_o shilling_n than_o that_o which_o he_o coin_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o his_o first_o iacobus's_n to_o two_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v time_n who_o coin_v the_o guinea_n two_o shilling_n light_a have_v the_o broad-piece_n so_o that_o when_o the_o guinea_n be_v currant_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o broad-piece_n go_v for_o two_o and_o twenty_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o their_o money_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o else_o they_o can_v preserve_v it_o in_o their_o country_n notwithstanding_o any_o severe_a law_n to_o prohibit_v the_o melt_a and_o export_v of_o it_o for_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n betwixt_o all_o the_o country_n of_o europe_n if_o one_o prince_n set_v a_o much_o high_a value_n on_o his_o money_n than_o another_o the_o merchant_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o observe_v where_o they_o can_v get_v most_o profit_n will_v melt_v down_o the_o coin_n of_o one_o country_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o mint_n of_o another_o country_n where_o the_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o will_v yield_v the_o great_a price_n this_o will_v appear_v plain_a by_o a_o instance_n here_o in_o england_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o raise_v their_o silver_n money_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n of_o europe_n have_v since_o that_o time_n twice_o raise_v their_o several_a coin_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o and_o about_o four_o or_o five_o year_n since_o that_o although_o there_o have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n coin_v in_o england_n with_o allowance_n of_o what_o be_v coin_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n the_o sum_n of_o 19429061_o l._n 19_o s._n 6_o d._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n yet_o by_o the_o computation_n that_o mr._n lownds_o make_v there_o be_v not_o above_o five_o million_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n remain_v which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v more_o than_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o new_a coinage_n of_o the_o money_n by_o the_o calculation_n he_o make_v from_o the_o wear_v and_o clip_v money_n so_o that_o there_o have_v be_v near_o fourteen_o million_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v away_o within_o this_o space_n of_o time_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o some_o accidental_a cause_n that_o bring_v bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n since_o the_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v