Geography Rectified OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD In all its Kingdoms Provinces Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bayes Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures Compared with those at LONDON Illustrated with Seventy six MAPS The Second Edition Inlarged with above Thirty Sheets more in the Description and about Twenty New MAPS The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By ROBERT MORDEN LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and at the Three Legs in the Poultrey over against the Stocks-Market MDCLXXXVIII E. A. Rouse EASTWAY A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book 1 WOrld Fol. 2 EVROPE 10 3 England Scotland and Ireland 14 4 England 17 5 Wales 26 6 Scotland 30 7 Ireland 36 8 Denmark 42 9 Sweden and Norway 54 10 Muscovia c. 60 11 Poland 68 12 Tartary in Europe 76 13 Moldavia Valachia Transilvania 81 14 Hungaria 85 15 Germany 99 16 The Vnited Provinces 140 17 The Spanish Provinces 148 18 France 156 19 Spain 168 20 Portugal 186 21 Italy 190 22 Helvetia or Schwitzerland 193 23 Savoy and Piedmont 201 24 Sicily 221 25 Sclavon Croatia Dalmatia c. 225 26 Servia Bulgaria c. 231 27 Greece 234 28 ASIA 321 29 The Turkish Empire in Asia 325 30 Canaan or the Holy Land 338 31 Cyprus the Isles of Asia Minor 353 32 Turkish Empire in general 362 33 Arabia 366 34 Persia 372 35 Tartaria in Asia 387 36 Empire of the Great Mogul 395 37 India on this side Ganges 403 38 India beyond Ganges 411 39 China 416 40 Japan 420 41 Maldives Islands 428 42 Ceylon 430 43 The Isles of Sonde 434 44 The Philippine Island 436 45 The Molucca Islands 438 46 AFRICA 441 47 Barbary 448 48 Fez and Morocco 450 49 Algier 460 50 Egypt 469 51 Biledulgerid Zaara Guiny c. 483 52 Ethiopia or Habessinia 489 53 Congo c. 492 54 Cafferia Monomotapa 494 55 Zanguebar 497 56 The Isles of Azores 499 57 The Canary-Islands 501 58 Cape Verde Islands 504 59 Madagascar c. 507 60 Malta 510 61 AMERICA 512 62 Magellanica 516 63 Chili and Paraguay 520 64 Brasil 523 65 Amazone Peru Guyana Castella del Or c. 526 66 The Western Islands 534 67 Jamaica 537 68 Barbadoes 541 69 New Spain 546 70 New Mexico 555 71 Florida and the Lakes of Canada 557 72 Carolina 559 73 Virginia and Maryland 561 74 Pensilvania and New Jersey 567 75 New England and New York 576 76 Northw part of America 589 TO HIS Most Worthy and most Honoured Friend Mr. THOMAS GODDARD OF LONDON Merchant SIR HAVING made many Considerable Improvements and Additions to my Geography in this Second Edition I have all the reason in the world to shelter it once more under the Patronage of your Name whose Affairs abroad have not only given You a better Knowledg and Experience of Foreign Parts but whose Encouragement and Bounty next to Divine Goodness have only contributed to its Production which otherwise with its poor Author must have for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown Obscurity and irresistible Poverty The declining therefore the Imputation of Ingratitude is my only Plea and though it may not be pleasing to You yet not to have done it in my Circumstances would have been my just Crime I humbly therefore beg your Goodness will be pleased to add to your former Kindnesses that of passing by the Imperfections of what is offered In excuse of which I can only say That as 't is not the Industry of one Age that can rectifie and compleat the Ataxie of Geography Nor the work of any one man that of Coins Weights and Measures so a well meaning Essay towards both I hope will find a Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious and unprejudiced Reader For I have this I will not say to justifie but to excuse at least my boldness and forwardness that if I had known these things to have been but tolerably performed by others I had neither troubled my Reader nor mis-spent my own time about the Rectification of them wherein although I have again made many Corrections and Amendments yet that I have made good some mens Expectations and freed them from all defects and oversights neither my fears nor my modesty will permit me to be confident of so that knowing this work which I have undertaken is liable to common Censure I am bold to shrowd it under your Protection humbly imploring your kind Reception and Pardon for this my presumption for which and for the excess of many Favours I shall ever pray for the prosperity of You and yours And for ever acknowledg my self Your Most Humble most Faithful and most Obliged Servant Robert Morden To the Reader SO great was the attempt of my first Essay in the publishing of my Geography Rectified that for my heedless presumption I can alledg no excuse unless that the zeal of my love for its Truth so transported my senses as I considered not the weight I undertook And therefore I again crave pardon for the audacity of that attempt Humbly acknowledging a Work of that concernment and difficulty in it self did well deserve the conjunction of many heads and hands and surely more advantageous had it been unto Geography to have fallen into the Endeavours of some able Advancers that might have performed it unto the life and added Authority thereto For I am not ignorant of the discouragement of contradiction of the difficulty of Disswasion from radicated beliefs of what cold requitals some have found in their Redemptions of Truth and how ingenious Discoveries have been dismissed with obliquity and censured with singularity But the kind Reception it found from several Worthy and Learned Gentlemen more especially that Influence that it received from the two most Learned Vniversities of the World Oxford and Cambridg hath once more drawn me upon the Horizon of publick View not as a Master but as a poor Labourer carrying the Carved Stones and the polished Pillars of the more skilful Architects to set them in my mean Fabrick I have indeed laid my building upon other mens foundations for who in this Subject can do otherways Nor do I hold it a Plagiary to say I have used their Richest Jewels to adorn this Work. In excuse whereof give me leave to plead That in all Arguments and Subjects which have been written upon from the infancy of Learning to this Age there hath been a continual strife and emulation amongst Writers to mend supply or methodize whatsoever hath been done before It would be too tedious to reckon up the several Authors on some one Subject being a Truth so obvious as not to need much proof nor is it less apparent that still the latter must needs have a great advantage beyond the former by adding the experience of his own times
Life Tragical his Death desperate After whose Death the Kingdom was divided into 2 parts half of it had the title of Ethnarch the other half divided into 2 Tetarchies Archelaus banished and dying in Exile his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province and the Government committed unto Pontius Pilate by Tiberius Caesar under whom our Saviour the Holy Jesus did suffer Death when the Jews cried out his Blood be upon Us and Ours A wish not long after effected with all fulness of Terror for the Calamities of the War inflicted by Gallus Vespasian and Titus exceed both Example and Description and destroyed about 110000 Thousand People The Land destroyed and on every Head an Annual Tribute imposed The Jews were quiet until the Reign of Adrian when again they raised new Commotions being headed by Berochab their counterfeit Messiah but Julius Severus Lieutenant to Adrian razed 50 of their strong holds and 985 Towns and slew five hundred and fourscore Thousand so that the Countries lay waste and the ruined Cities became an habitation for wild Beasts and the Captives were transported into Spain and from thence again exiled in the year 1500. In which Interval of time the Country inhabited by other People about the time of Constantine embraced the Christian Religion But in the Reign of Phocas the Persians overran the whole Country of Palestine inflicting unheard of Tortures on the patient Christians No sooner freed from that Yoak but they suffered under a greater by the execrable Saracens under the Conduct of Omar who were long after expulsed by the Turks then newly planted in Persia by Tangrolipix When the Christians of the West for the recovery of the Land set forth an Army of 300000 Godfry of Bologne the General who made thereof an absolute Conquest and was elected King of Jerusalem in the 89th year of that Kingdom and during the Reign of Guy the Christians were utterly driven out and destroyed by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan who held it until Selymus the first Emperor of the Turks in the year 1517 added the Holy Land together with Egypt unto the Ottoman Empire under whose power it now is governed by two Sanziacks under the Bassa of Damascus one residing at Jerusalem the other at Naplous It is now for the most part inhabited by Moors and Arabians those possessing the Vallies these the Mountains some few Turks many Greeks with other Christians of all Sects and Nations some Jews who inherit no part of the Land but live as Aliens in their own Country The Chorographical Division of Canaan This Land of Canaan within Jordan was divided into 5 principal Parts or Provinces vix 1st Jewry in the South where King Davids Throne was set and the Holy City built comprehending the two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin 2d Samaria in the midst the chief Seat of the 10 Tribes of Israel containing the Tribe of Ephraim and the half Tribe of Manasses 3d Galile in the North East where Christ Jesus was very conversant and was divided into the higher and the lower containing part of Asher all Napthali and part of Zebulun 4th Phaenicia on the North-West part of Canaan containing the Sea-coast of Asher and Zebulun 5th The Land of the Philistins upon the West of Canaan whose Country was allotted to Judah Dan and Simeon these were always great Enemies to the Israelites and from them was the whole Land called Palestine The Land of Canaan without Jordan possessed by the Amorites who had diven out the Moabites and Ammonites contained 3 principal parts 1st part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amorites in Heshbon taken from the Moabites which was given to the Reubenites 2d The Land of Gilead which contained part of the Kingdom of Sihon taken from the Ammonites and part of the Kingdom of Og King of Bashan which was given to the Gadites 3d. The rest of the Kingdom of Og with half Gilead and the Region of Argob was given to the half Tribe of Manasses All which are delineated in the Map as also the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each Tribe Once a Country so fertile that it was called A Land flowing with Milk and Honey adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Vallies neither scorched with Heat nor pinched with Cold. The Wealth and Power of it so Great the People Cities and Towns so Numerous that there was no Country in the World that could compare with it But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Vengeance a sad and dismal Mirror for all other like sinful Countries to view their Destiny by Jerusalem though fallen from her ancient Lustre deserves still our Remembrance Once her Kings her Princes her Temple her Palaces were the Greatest the Richest the Fairest and most Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glorious the Seat of Infinite Majesty the Theatre of Mysteries and Miracles the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns and the Glory of the Universe but now Icabod It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar Vespasian and Titus utterly razed it and destroyed above Eleven hundred thousand People To describe this Country in all its Circumstances to speak of its Laws Religions its Divisions Wars and Alterations to write of all the various Transactions that have hapned in it would require a Volume of itself I shall therefore leave it to my aforesaid Description of this Part of the World where I shall give a more particular Geographical and Historical Relation of its Cities Towns and other memorable Transactions which will be a very useful and necessary Introduction into the Principia ' of ancient Geography and History Of ARMENIA MAJOR GEORGIA c. ARMENIA GEORGIA COMANIA By Rob t Morden ARmenia is divided by the River Euphrates into two parts Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is by the Turks call'd Turcomania by the Persians Thoura Emnoe or Aremnoe by the Nestorians Zelbecdibes by Sanson Curdistan by Cluver Papul and Curdi The ancient Inhabitants were the Mardi and Gordiaei now the Turcomans and Curdes The first are said to be descended from Turquestan in Tartary from whence came the Turks The later are descended from the ancient People of Assyria Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal parts which contained 20 Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province A Country much better known and more famous in ancient Time than now The Advantage of its Bounds the Nature of its Situation the Magnificence of some of its Kings among which Tygranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most Famous its Greatness Government and Riches much contributed to its Renown In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Phasis and Araxes Euphrates Perath Moses Frat Nicolaio Morot sou Turcis from one side of the Mountain Mingol falls this River which divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and joins with Tygris somwhat below
Brennoburgum a Bishops See and the first Seat of the Marquisses giving Name to the Country The Metropolis of the New is Francfurt Francofurtum ad Oderam a University 1506 enjoying a pleasant Situation among Corn-fields and Viney-downs so that Ceres and Bacchus seems both enamoured of it Berlin Berlinum seated in the midst of the Province is the place of the Prince Electors Residence Costrinum Costriin Custrin Kustrin is a very strong Fortress said never yet taken Havelburg is the Seat of a Bishop Besides this Marquisate whereunto the Electoral Dignity is annexed there belongs to this Prince the Dutchy of Prussia in Poland The Dutchy or moiety of Pomerania The Reversion of the Dutchy of Magdeburg The Dutchy of Cleves and Earldom of Mark The Principalities of Halberstat in Brunswick and Minden in Westphalia which he had in lieu of his Resignation of the Higher Pomerania to the Swede The Dutchy of Crossen and Lordship of Pregnitz in Silesia The Jurisdiction of Cotbuss or Cotwis and other Towns in Lusatia or Laussnitz The Branches of this Family are the Marquisses of Cutembach and Onspach Of Pomerania or Pomeren POmerania lies extended all along the shore of the Baltick Sea divided into the Upper and Lower Pomeren now Royal and Ducal Pomerania the first belonging to the Swedes the latter to the Elector of Brandenburg A Country plain populous and abundantly fruitful in Corn Pasturages Honey Butter Wax and Flax. Chief Places in Pomerania Royal are Stettin Stetinum memorable for its brave Siege and as brave defence in the year 1676. when taken from the Swedes since restored again 2. Wollin when Julinum a flourishing Emporium Anno 1170. sacked by Waldemarus King of Denmark 3. Gripswald a noted University 4. Wolgast over against the Isle Vsedom 5. Straelsundt alias Sundis a well Traded Empory over against the Isle Rugen Chief Places in Ducal Pomeran are Camin a Bishops See over against the Isle Wollin Colberg at the mouth of the River Persandt Coslin upon the River Radnie Newgâ—rten upon the Hamersbeck Stargard upon the Ina. Rugenwal upon the Wipper are all considerable Towns. This shall suffice for the Higher Saxony or the Eighth Circle of the Empire come we next to that of the Lower Saxony which contains Of the Dutchy of Mecklenburg MEckelburgiensis sive Megalopolitani Ducatus lies next to Pomerania along the Coast of the Baltick Sea of a fruitful Soil and rich in Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two Branches the chiefs whereof make their Residence at Suevin or Schwerin and at Gusteen or Gustrow and have now each of them a moiety of the Dutchy and are said to be derived from the Vandal Princes However in the late German Wars the Emperor made these Princes feel the weight of his indignation giving their Lands to Wallestein a Silesian Gentleman a great Captain indeed and renowned Soldier who by a strange Ingratitude and Devilish ambition came to a miserable end the Duke of Biron and the Earl of Essex had such like designs and as Tragical Catastrophies Nevertheless they reentred into it by the Arms of the Great Gustavus their Cousin-German 1631. And tho Munster-Treaty took Wismar yet gave them in Exchange the Bishopricks of Ratzeburg and Suerin turned into Principalities Other chief places are Wismar Wismaria a Hans-Town and noted Port upon the Baltick founded out of the Ruins of the great and ancient City of Mecklenburg or Megalopolis Anno 1240. taken by the Elector of Brandenburg 1676 from the Swedes but restored again 2. Rostock Rosarum Vrbs Rhodopolis a Hans-City noted Port large rich and well Traded a University founded Anno 1415. Come we next in course to Holstein which is under the Homage and right of the Empire but being in possession of the House of Denmark we shall refer its Description to that Kingdom and speak of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg Of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg THIS was a part of the ancient Dukedom of Saxony till the Proscription of Henry Sirnamed the Lion by the Emperor Frederick Barbarosa but by the Mediation of Henry the Second King of England his Father-in-law being reconciled unto the Emperor had the Cities of Brunswick and Lunenburg with their Countries restored unto him afterwards erected into a Dukedom by the Emperor Frederick the Second whose posterity enjoyed these Dukedoms jointly till the year 1430. when they were divided between William the Victorious who had the Title of Brunswick and his Uncle Bernard who had the Title of Lunenburg and in their posterity both these Dutchies do still continue Of Brunswick al. Brunswigensis Appiano The South and East parts towards Hessen c. swell with Woody Mountains and Hills parts of the ancient Hercinian the Northern part more plain and fruitful in Corn and other Commodities Chief Places are Brunswiick al. Braunswyck Brunsviga the Tulisurgiam of Ptol. teste Appiano upon the River Oacer and one of the chief Hans-Towns containing about seven miles in compass fair populous and strongly fortified with a double Wall peopled with industrious Inhabitants jealous of their Liberty Governed in manner of a Free Estate held under the right of the Princes It s chief Trade is in Hides and Mum. 2. Goslar Gâ—slaria a Town Imperial 3. Wolfenbuttel a very strong Castle and the Residence of the Dukes of Brunswiick where is a famous Library within these Territories were also included the Principality of Halberstat now under the Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishoprick of Hildersheim the Abbey Quedelnburg whose Abbatess was sometimes Princess of the Empire now subject to the House of Saxony Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch of the Dukes of Brunswick whose Duke is a Catholick in whose Territories are Calemburg Grubenhagen Gottingen and Hamelen where the Inhabitants keep the Records of the famous Piper who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town into a Cave who were never after heard of Lunaeburgensis Ducatus Hertzogthumb Lunenbourg incolis Dutche de Lunebourg Gallis The Country is plain the Air sharp and healthful and the Soil fruitful The chief Town is Lunenburg Lunaeburgum upon the River Vlme now one of the Six Hans-Towns large populous and adorned with fair Buildings whose chief Trade is in Salt. Cell or Zell is the Residence of the Dukes Of Bremen Episcopatus Bremensis THIS Diocess or Arch-Bishoprick of Bremen is a Country whose extreme parts along the Elbe and Weser are very fertile for Corn and Pasturages the more inner parts wild and barren Bremen an Arch-Bishops Sea gives name to the Country it is seated upon the right side of the Weser large populous rich and well Traded and strongly fenced and is famous for its Art of dressing Leather and Cloth and for their Fish Stada Stadt a noted Hans-Town accounted the most ancient in Saxony and once the Staple of the English Merchant-Adventurers now the place where the Ships pay Tole strongly fortified Bremersforde a Castle and Village where the Arch-Bishop
Bern Lucern and Friburg Geneva first with Friburg then with Bern and Zurich As for the Prefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser Parcels and Adittaments as have arrived to their State and are Subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or War viz. the Town and Country of Baden Bremgarten Mellingen Rapersvila or Raperchswil The free Provinces of Wagenthal The Country of Tergow al. Tergea The Country and Town of Sargans and Walenstat The Prefectorship of Rheineck The Vallies of Locarn Lugan Mendrisi and Madia The Balliages of Belinzona Gasteren and Vlzenach Of Granson Morat and Orbe and Schwarzimburg and the Count Verdemburg All which Cantons as well as their Allies are as so many distinct Commonwealths Governed by their Magistrates and independent upon one another They have two sorts of Religion amongst them the Roman Catholick and the Protestant The Catholick Cantons are five or as some count seven the five Cantons are Vri Switz Vnderwald Lucern and Zug They that reckon seven add Friburg and Soleure But Zurich Bern Basil and Scasouse are Protestants Glans and Appenzel are Protestants and Papists mix'd together The Catholick Cantons Assemble at Lucern and the Protestant Cantons at Aran. The General Assemblies are held yearly at Baden which bears that Name from her Baths Every Canton is free to engage where it sees convenient Among all these Cantons Zurich has the Precedency Bern is the most Powerful Basil has the finest City the Residence and the Rendezvous of several learned Men. The Canton of Schasouse has a City famous for Trade and in Solothure stands a City of the same Name where the most Christian King's Embassador Resides Vren Switz Vnderwald Glaris and Appenzel have only Burroughs The Order of the 13 Cantons according to their Precedency is Zurich Bern Lucern Vren Switz Vnderwald Zug Glaris Basil Friburg Solothure Schafhausen and Appenzel Amongst the Allies of the Cantons the Grisons are the most Powerful of all Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes of Italy and Germany are brought by reason of its Situation upon the Rhine which in that place begins to grow Navigable The Chief Cities in these Cantons are Zurich the Tigurium of Caes Liv. pleasantly Situate at the end of a Lake called Zurich-Sea or Tigurinum Lacum divided almost into two equal parts by the River Ligamus which runs out of the Lake but joyned together by two Bridges The Houses built of Timber and Painted many four or five Stories high The Streets narrow but paved with Flints and Pebbles 'T is well Fortified besides the Wall with good Earth-works and Trenches It hath a University Its Citizens are Rich given to Merchandise Busy and Industrious To this belongs the Power and Authority of summoning the General Diets and having the first place in both Assemblies Near Zurich was Zuinglius Slain aged 44 years whose Heart remained whole in the midst of the Fire after his Body was consumed As also the Heart of Bishop Cranmer in England as 't is reported Below Zurich upon the Ligamus enjoying a most happy and pleasant Situation lieth the Town of Baden named thus from the hot Baths thereof beautified with fair Buildings The Seat of their General Diets much frequented and resorted to also for its publick and private Baths not so much for Health as Pleasure The chiefest Virtue is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women for here the Men and Women promiscuously wash together and which is worst in private too Basil Ang. Basil Germ. Basle Gal. Basilea Ital. Basilia Mercel The Arialbinum of Ant. teste Cluver Sanson A City large and fair The Houses built of Stone for the most part and painted compassed with a double Wall and Trench Rich and Populous The River Rhine divides it into two parts which are joyned together by a Bridg of fourteen Arches In this City are said to be 600 Fountains It gives Title to a Bishop who is not suffered to lodg in the Town one Night Spantalus an English Man was the first Bishop here 'T is an University founded by Pope Pius the 2d Here was Erasmus buried and here was held that Council where it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope An. 1431. Near hereunto is the Village Augst where stood the City Augusta Rauracom Ptol. Rauriaca of Plin. and Basilia Civitas Basiliensium of Ant. Bern seated upon the Aar with whose Streams Island-like it is almost round encompassed on that side which is not it is strongly Fortified with Bastions and Out-works 'T is built of Stone and hath one long Street with narrow Porticoes or Cloysters on both sides The great Church is one of the handsomest Stone-Fabricks in all Switzerland Lucern is seated upon both sides of the River Russ issuing forth of the Lake Lucern and Waldstetten-See a neat City and pleasantly seated it hath four Bridges over the Russ one for Carts the other foot-Bridges one near a quarter of a Mile long The great Church stands without the City-wall and is noted for its great Organ The City is well traded and much frequented by Strangers being the ordinary Road between Italy and Gremany and the Rendezvous of their Merchandise passing that way Altrof an open Village is the Chief of the Canton of Vren The Village of Switz gave Name to the Country Stantz is the chief of the Canton of Vnderwald Glaris gives Name to that Canton Zug is a walled Town upon the left Shore of the Zugen-See Appenzel was sometimes the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gall then Lords of the Country now gives Name to the Canton Solothurn Solothurum of Ant. upon the Aar was the place of Martyrdom of Vrsus and his 66 Theban Soldiers in the Reign of the Emperor Dioclesian Friburg upon the River Sana is a handsome Town and Head of the Canton Schaf-hausen is seated upon the River Rhine where all Boats and Flotes that come down the River unload because of the Catarract or precipitious Descent of the Rhine at Wasserfal Here as at Zurich the Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad Chief Towns of the Confederate-Estates are Geneva Caes Genevra Ital. Gneff Germ. is pleasantly seated at the lower end of the Lake Lemanus now Genfferzee or the Lake of Geneva divided by the River Rhoscu into two parts which are joyned together by two Wooden Bridges strong and well fortified with Ramparts and Bastions of Earth and well governed where Vice is discountenanced yet Sports and Exercises allowed upon the Lords Day the People Industrious in Trading and Provisions plentiful Losanne Lausanna the Lausonium Ant. is a great Town and University upon Lacus Lamani Coira vel Coria Ital. Chur Incolis Caria Ant. Diac. is the Capital City of the Grisons almost environed with Mountains a Bishops See whose Inhabitants are all Protestants except the Bishop who hath nothing to do in the Government of it yet Coins Money which is currant there This Rhaetia or Country of the Grisons is divided
by force in the year 1635. by the French and Hollanders Niville is made Remarkable by her Canonesses for the fine Linnen-cloth made there and for the fair High-ways round about it Breda and Boisleduc by the Dutch Hertogenbosch Busium Ducis belong to the States-General of the Vnited Provinces as also Bergen-opzoom and Grave Bergen-opzoom is famous for the notable resistance it made to Spinola 1622. All these places are very strong and Boisleduc is so Naturally as well as Artificially Fortified by reason of its Marshes that before it was taken it was thought impregnable It belonged to the Family of Nassaw a strong Town of War after a stout long and resolute Siege taken in by the Arch-Dutchess Isabella afterwards retaken by a few venturous Gentlâ—men who hiding themselves in a Boat covered with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they mastered and the next day made the Prince of Orange Lord of it again The Brabanders claim a Privilegâ— to debate of nothing out of the Limits of their Country of whom Eâ—asmus's Proverb was Brabante quo magis senescunt eo magis stultescunt The Marquisate of the Holy Empire derives its Name from its Situation lying upon the Ancient Bounds of France and the Empire and whither the Emperors were wont to send Governours which they called Marquesses There is only the City of Antwerp in it Atuacutum Aduatacum Jou Becano Andoverpum al. Antuerpia Antwerpen incolis Antwerp Ang. Anveres Hisp Anvers Gal. Antorfi Germ. Anversa Italiâ— One of the fairest and most pleasant Cities in all the Low-Countries for which Reason Charles the First called it his Holy-day City The Importance of the Situation hath caused it to be strongly fortified with ten great Bastions and one of the strongest Cittadels in Europe flank'd with five great Bastions lined with Brick and Free-stone This Cittadel was Built toward the highest part of the River that it might command the City and be succoured from that part of the Country which was Subject to its Prince The Duke of Alva who Built the Cittadel caused his Statue to be set up which was afterwards taken down The Jesuits in Antwerp have a Church Built all of Marble which is said to be the fairest which they have in the World. Formerly this City has been reckoned to have contained above 200000 Persons and to have had above 2500 Ships upon the Scheld But she has lost much of her Trade and Grandeur ever since the Dutch became Masters of the Entrance into her River There is also in Brabant the Dukedom of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergen-opzoom the Earldoms of Hoochstraten and Megen the Baronies of Breda Diest and Grimbergen Malines is the Residence of the Parliament of the Catholick Provinces of the King of Spain Her Territories are very small consisting of about nine Villages yet making one of the 17 Provinces And it is Reported that the Women of Malines when they are ready to Lye-in go into Brabant to be brought to Bed to the end their Children may enjoy the Privileges of the Brabanders Namur Namurcum is a Town of consequence by reason of the passage over the Meuse in that part where the Sambre falls into her Marble Slate and Sea-coal are thence Transported Charleroy Carolo-regium upon the Sambre is one of the best Fortresses of the Low-Countries since it fell into the hands of the French restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen to the Spaniards Limburgh Limburgum has only the Town of the same Name which is of any Remarque with a strong Castle upon a Rock taken by the French King in the year 1675. Walkemburg Falcoburgium and Dalem two Earldoms are part of this Dutchy The Country of Liege belongs to its Bishop to whom the Inhabitants formerly gave the Title of Grace He is Elected by the Chapter who formerly Resided at Tongres or Tongeren Civitas Tungrorum Ptol. Advatuca Tongrorum Here flourished in the time of the Romans an ancient Bishops See after the Invasion and spoil by Atilas and the Huns by whom the Town was sacked and destroyed in the year 498. It was removed by St. Savatius to Maestreich afterwards in the year 713. by St. Hubert it was removed to Luick or Leidg where now it resteth The Bishoprick is of a large Extent and has many places within the Limits of the Neighbouring Provinces Leige Leodicum Leodâ—um is a City of Trade and as they say the Paradise of the Ecclesiasticks It is Remarkable that in the year 1131. there were among the Canons of the Cathedral Church nine Sons of Kings 14 Sons of Dukes 29 Sons of Earls and 7 Sons of Barons The Elector of Cologne Prince thereof caused a Cittadel to be Built there The Cathedal of Liege beareth the Name of St. Lambert who was Bishop of Maestrich murthered by Dodo c. about the year 622. The Cittadel standeth upon a Hill and is of great strength built to keep the City in subjection since the year 1649. Maestreich for its Fortifications and the famous Sieges which have been laid to it in that of 1673. the English signalized their Valour under the Conduct of the Duke of Monmouth The Treaty of Nâ—miguen restored it to the Dutch who now possess it The Quarry of Stone about a quarter of a mile from the Town is one of the noblest in the World far surpassing the Cave of Custoza or Cubola said to be 500 fathoms in breadth and 700 in length This is two miles in length under ground high and stately no Labyrinth can be contrived more intricate and yet all parts uniform The Spa is a neat Village in the Forest of Ardenna seated in a Bottom encompassed with Hills A place which for the vertue of its Miniral Springs is as famous as beneficial to Mankind Maestreich Trajectum ad Mosam is composed of two Towns Maestreich that formerly was said to belong to the Duke of Brabant and Wick that was an Appurtenance to the Bishop of Leige's Territories Cambreses now almost environed by the Territories of France The City of Cambray Cameracum by the Dutch Camarick has two good Cittadels the Guard whereof was seldom committed to any other than Natural Spaniards There is a Sun-Dial of singular Workmanship wrought by a Shepherd It is a Town which in times of Peace yearly exposed to Sale above 60000 Pieces of fine Cloth. It was taken by the French at the beginning of the Year 1677 though before the Kings of Spain uncontradicted by the Emperor did appropriate to themselves the Temporal Jurisdiction of Cambray as being of the same Nation and the Arch-Bishops thereof in vain sollicited for their re-establishment Those Prelates were called Arch-Bishops and Dukes of Cambray Earls of Cambresis and Princes of the Holy Empire though generally they neither had Seat or Voice in their Diets The Extent of these Provinces is but small but it is one of the best peopled and Richest spots of Ground in the World more wholsome than formerly towards Germany Hilly and Woody as we have
now gives name to the Order of Knights so called confirmed by Pope Alexander the Third 1164. Alcaraz gives Name to the Mountainous Tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Cuenca a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition once an Invincible Fortress of the Moors against the Christians yet won from them Anno 1177 by Sanctius the Second King of Castile Siguenca or Siguenxa is the Segontia Strab. Plin. the Secuntia of Liv. Secontia Ant. Segontialacta of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberi now a Bishops See having a fair Cathedral The Kingdom of Leon was the first which the Christians established after the Invasion of the Moors The City which bears its name has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty The Church of Toledo is magnified for its wealth that of Sevil for its bigness that of Salamanca for its strength The City of Salamanca is honoured with an University which has the Priviledg to teach the Hebrew Greek Arabick and Chaldee Languages They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas lately discovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom and which was never known before from the time of the Moors Invasion discovered by the occasion of an Hawk of thâ— Duke of Alva's which was lost amongst those Mountains His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in search of it at last happened into a pleasant and large Valley where they spied a Company of naked Pataco's or Savage people hemmed in amongst those many Rocks or Mountains And then told their Master that instead of his Hawk thâ—y had found a New World in the midst of Spain Upon further discovery and inquiry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards who had hid themselves amongst these Mountains for fear of the Romans Of Catalonia and the County of Roussillon CAtalannia rather Catalonia by the French Catalogne is variously derived by Authors some from Gothalonia of the Goths and Alani some from the Castellani the old Inhabitants hereof Others from the Cattalones who also had here their dwellings others from the Catti of Germany and the Alani of Sarmatia now Lithuania Paulus Hieronymus asserts it to be 170 Italian miles long and 130 broad Boterus tells us there is numbered in this Province one Dukedom viz. Cardona three Marquisates 11 Earldoms many Baronies and Lordships 56 Cities or Walled Towns and six hundred thousand Inhabitants among which were 10000 French Shepherds and Husbandmen Some Authors tells us the Country is Hilly and full of Woods yielding but small store of Corn Wine and fruits some say it abounds with Corn Wine and Oyl Others tell us it is more enriched through its Maritine Situation than by home-bred Commodities Chief places are Barcelona Barcinon of Ptol. Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Plin. and Ant. a Roman Colony Sirnamed Faventia by Plin. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt the Rivers Baetulus of Mela now Besons and Rubricat or Lobregat River won from the Moors by Lewis the Godly Son to the Emperor Charles the Great It 's now a rich and noted Port. A Bishops See and Academy said to be built by Hamilcar Ant. Beath saith it was built by Hercules 'T is the Seat of the Vice-Roy and Inquisition for the Province 'T is beautified with stately Buildings both private and publick with delightful Gardens Its Port hath a Bridg or Mole of 750 Paces into the Sea for the better securing of Ships Terragona Terracon Strab. Ptol. Terraco Plin. Mela Solinus is pleasantly seated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea upon the East of the River Tulcis now Francolino teste Coquo founded by Cn. and Pub. Scipio during the second Punick War a Repository of ancient Monuments Vid. Nomium c. 85. Afterwards made a Roman Colony and the chief Town giving name to the Province Terraconensis It was An. 1572. an Archbishops See and Academy founded by Cardinal Gaspar Cervan Lerida Llerda Ant. Strab. Ptol. Plin. Lucan A Bishops See and University seated upon the Rivers Sicoris now Segre or Segor and not on the River Linga as Heylin saith and the chief City of Arragon It s adjacent Fields are well stored with Vines Corn Fruits and Oyl oftentimes besieged by the French and as often relieved by the Spaniards And is Famous for the Encounter which happened nigh unto it between Herculejus the Treasurer of Sertorius Army and Manillius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manillius was discomfited and his Army routed Cerdona is a Dukedom of the same Name where are three things remarkable a Mountain whose Earth is like Meal or Flower A Fountain whose water is of the colour of Red Wine A Salt of divers Colours but if pounded it appears only white Tertosa by the French Tortosa a Bishops See seated upon the River Ebro Dertosa Ptol. Ant. Dertossa Strab. Dertusa Plin. a Roman Colony Fortified with two Castles Vide Marin Siculum Girona Gerunda Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bishops See and Dukedom gives Titile to the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Arragon built by Gerion 513 years after the Flood teste Beuthero Vich by J. Mariana the Ausa of Ptol. Corbio of Liv. Vicus Aquae Voconiae a Bishops See. 'T was the Randezvous of Count Monteries Country Militia when he attempted the relief of Paysarda but the passages were too well secured by the French. Not far from the right shore of the River Lobregat ariseth the pleasant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. Medulius by others now Monserrato a noted place for Miracles Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of the Society of Jesus Anno 1522. This Mountain is said to be two Miles high and four Miles in Circumference stuck full with Anchorets Cells and honoured with a much frequented Chappel and Image of the Blessed Virgin whose ravishing description read in Nonius Bibliothec Hisp and in Zeiler's Description of the place in his Iteneries of Spain Rosas or Roses the Rhoda of Ptol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded by the Emporites or Rhodians under the Pyrenean Mountains a strong place Puig de Cerda or Puigcerda by the French Puicerdan is the chief Town of the Carotani Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Segre Sicoris one League distant from I lâ—via Llivia Livia by Julian Toletanus de expeditione Wambae Regis Jothorum Julia Libyca Ptol. Plin. Linca or Linea Florian by others Insa in Sheldens Manuscript 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Campredon a walled Town near the Springs of the River Ter of Old Sambraca the Sehendunum of Ptol. Jonquera by the French Junquera by the Inhabitants Juncaria Ant. Plin. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shel Manuscript 't is in the little County of Ampurdan near the Passage of Le Col. de partus Cap de Cruex by Florian is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Templum Veneris Venus Pyrenaea of Strab. Plin. Portus Veneris Mela but Baud. tells us that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendres five Leagues distant from Aphrodisium Prom. Cadaques near Roses is the Cap de Quires of the
Teguleth Tejeut are places of Trade Tesegfeldt the Tamasida or Thamusida of Ant. teste Marmol and Xleusugagen are the most considerable of those in the Mountains The Isle Mogador near the Cape of Ocem is distant from the Coast about two Leagues where is built a Fort to guard the Mines of Gold and Silver which are in the neighbouring Mountains Gozoporto is the Suriga of Ptol. teste Curione Ducala Province is the most Northern part of the Kingdom of Morocco whose chief Cities are Azamer taken by the Portugals 1613 since retaken by the Moors who have a strong Garison there the Thymaterium Hanno Thymiateria Steph. teste J. Marian. Ramusio Magazan is so strongly fortified by the Portugals that 200000 have in vain besieged it Tite was by them dismantled Asafi or Saffa hath a French Consul The Province of Hascora hath Elmadine for its chief City once accounted the Capital of the Country whose Inhabitants addict themselves to Arts Traffick and Manufactures Tegodaft hath fair Women Elgiumuha is governed by Artizans as Tegodaft admits of none but Nobles Bzo is a place of some Trade The Province of Teldes hath the rich City of Tefza built by the old African Moors beautified with many Mahometan Mosques and its Walls a kind of Marble In these two Provinces are great quantities of Goats of whose Skins are made the Cordovants and of their Hair plain and watered Camolets Their Grapes are said to be as big as Pullets Eggs. The chief Rivers of Morocco are the Sus the Una of Ptol. teste Marmol that waters the Southern part the Tensift that divides it in the middle the Asama of the Ancients the Ommiraby which separates it from Fez the Rusibis Ptol. Rusubi Vic. Uticensi Rutubis Plin. Umarabea teste Marmol The Asifnual that makes an Abyss or Gulph like to that of Sivoli in Italy The Agmet loseth itself under-ground The Commodities of this Country bearing the Name of Mercantil are Flax Hemp Honey Wax Sugar Hydes Marokins or Cordavants Course Twine Dates Almonds Camolets and other Manufactures as Mats of a curious Straw Mantles Alheicks and in some places store of Saltpetre As for the fabulous abundance of Gold there is no Truth in it The Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco ought to be considered in three sorts of Lands Mountains Campaigns and Coasts The Mountains and Vallies are almost all in the hands of the Alarbes and Barabars who live partly Free and partly Tributary to the Zeriffs The Coasts in part belong to the Moors and part to the Spaniards and Portugals these holding those on the Atlantick the other on the Mediterranean Sea. The Alarbes are by the Europeans called Mountaineers living in Haimas or Tents more rudely and rovingly shifting from Mountain to Mountain according to their Exigences or Fickle Humors carrying with them their Itinerary Habitations Robbery being their best Livelihood The other sort of Moors are called Barabars or Brebers these have fixed Dwellings and live in Neighborhood and gather into Aldea's Cavila's or Villages Over these Barabars are subordinate Governors or Almocadens to whom they pay a dutiful Observance their Vocation is Tillage and Grazing The Moors are of a large Stature strong Constitution stately Carriage differing in Complexion according to their conversing with the Sun and Air jealous and revengeful implacable in their hatred and impatient till they have avenged an Injury The Female Moors if preserved from the Injuries of the Sun and Weather are generally well complexioned full bodied and of good Symmetry those that live in Towns are enclined to Paleness seldom stirring abroad unless to visit the Sepulchres of their deceased Friends in Devotion to pray for their Felicity and in the Night-time to the Baths for Health and Cleanliness but always closely vailed that no part is visible but an Eye In the state of Matrimony their principal study is to please their Husbands and to render themselves delightful to their Conversation Those Husbands that are able allow their Wives Negro's or Black Women to do all the servile Offices in the Family yet there is no Quality that sit idle for the chief of the Morisco Dames employ their time in some thrifty Housewifery In their Visits one to another no Man though never so near a Relation can be admitted into their Society to prevent which she that makes the Visit first sends to know whether the Husband be at home if not then she goes to her Gossips Apartment where she is entertained with a Liberality that never injures her Husband And if the Husband chanceth to return home in the interim of the Visit he is careful to give no Interruption but upon Notice quickly departs the House which intimated to the Visitant she also shortens the Visit This prevents the custom of expensive Gossippings with which in some Nations so many Wives are debauched and Husbands beggar'd The Women are indeed kept in great subjection and retirement which makes Adultery a Stranger to their Bed Nor can it reasonably be otherwise seeing that the Wife is fully assured that the very Attempt to pilfer a Pleasure if discovered will cost her her Life There is a great appearance of Piety in the customary Expressions and Salutations of the Moors in the beginning of any Labour or Journy with Zeal and Humility they will look up to Heaven and with a low Voice say Bismillah that is In the Name of God Intimating That nothing ought to be enterprized but in the power and hope of the Divine Favor and Help And when the Work or Journy is finished they say Ham der Illah Thanks be unto God denying all Ascriptions of Success to themselves When they meet upon the Road their Greeting is El ham dillah al salam tipsi i. e. God be praised that I see thee well In passing by one another Salem alleque Peace be with thee At the hearing of one another sneeze they say God be your Keeper The like Air and Genius of Devotion and Piety is observable in their Letters This Country abounds with Giamma's Moschs or Churches to which the Moors perform a great Reverence and Liberality never suffering them to be prophaned nor to want a competent Stock to keep them in Repair their Situation is East and West In greater Towns there are many Giamma's in Tituan 15 in Alcazar more in Arzilla 5 and in Fez 700. The Moors have at this day no Schools of Science like the European Universities and Colleges As for the College called Amarodock in Fez whose Structure cost King Aba Henan 480000 Crowns and which has been so often celebrated for its delightful Situation Mosaick Arches and Brazen Gates it is now wholly destitute of Students There are only petty Schools to write and read and when the Pupil can read the Alcoran with perspicuity and understand the principal Points it contains and bears good a affection to the Priesthood and is informed of the Rites of the Giamma which are few and easie and is deemed competent for Age and Learning
that the Mariners have for their direction in Sailing and known to be so greatly and dangerously erroneous yet is still made use of by those that would be accounted Excellent Of the Description by the Planisphere This other way of Projection represents the face of the Earth upon a Plane in its own proper figure Spherically as upon the Globe the Gibbosity only allowed for and this is twofold Of the Section by the Equator Suppose the Terrestrial Globe flatted upon the Plane of the Equator and you have this way of Projection dividing the Earth into two Hemispheres North and South where the Pole is the Center the Equator is the Circumference the Oblique Semi-circle from Aries to Libra is the North half of the Ecliptick the Parallels are whole Circles and the Meridians are streight Lines Of the Section by the Meridian Suppose the Terrestrial Globe flatted upon the Plane of the Meridian and you have this way of Projection the Equator is here a streight Line the great Meridian is a whole Circle and the lesser Meridians are more Circular as they come near to the great only that which passeth through the midst of the Hemisphere dividing it into two equal parts is a streight Line so that the Meridians do not equally in distance concur the Parallels are not Parallels indeed and the Degrees are unequal However this way is that which is now most in Fashion it is described by those two great Circles that take up the following Map. A NEW MAP of the WORLD by Robt. Morden A General Map of the Earth Of Particular Maps Particular Maps are but Limbs of the Globe and therefore though they are drawn asunder yet they are to be made with that proportion as a Remembring Eye may suddenly acknowledg and joyn them to the whole Body They are most commonly described upon a Parallelogram but it ought to be with such Consideration that being but Parts and Members severed from the whole they yet might make as great an Appearance of Integrity and Truth as can be allowed and ought to consist of such proportions of Meridians and Parallels as they consisted of in the Globe it self And because no Country is exactly square so much of the bordering Territories are usually put in as may shew the Bounds and fill up the square also The true Projection of Maps chiefly consists or depends upon the fore-knowledg of the true Longitude and Latitude of the place which having been so Notorious False 't is strange to me how the Maps can be true The Longitude is to be expressed by Meridians from East to West The Latitude by Parallels from North to South both which may be Circles or streight Lines I have so projected all these Maps that the Top and Bottom of the square are always North and South the right and left sides East and West so that you see each Country and place in its true Situation as in the Globe or general Map And have made the Parallels and Meridians both streight Lines so that the Longitude and Latitude are given by Inspection only the Meridians are inclining and Concurring towards the Poles to agree to the Nature of the whole whereof they are such parts And here give me leave to Advertise that although in these small Maps the Error is not very discernable yet certainly some Foreign Geographers whose Maps are now the Fondlings of this Age did not understand the Projection of the Sphere for to me it would have been a great shame to have exposed the parts of the World so large upon so false a Basis which must needs render them intollerably false in the Distances of Places had the Longitudes and Latitudes been never so well adjusted which indeed are as false as the Distances are As to the Graduation of these Maps the Degrees of Latitude are divided upon the East and West-side The Degrees of Longitude upon the North and South The South Figures upon the Maps are the Longitudes from the first Meridian beginning at the Pike of Teneriff and reckoned round upon the Globe to 360 Degrees The Northern Figures are the Difference of Longitudes from London and are reckoned East or West according as the Situation of the place is East or West from London For from whence to reckon the Longitude in all Maps is a fault of most Geographers that I am not the first that have complained of and though there be a Graduation yet you are uncertain where their first Meridian begins It will not therefore be amiss if I tell you the several Meridians observed and the Distance of Longitude between these Meridia s and their difference from London viz. Ptolomies Meridian was Junonia Major Plin. Heras Helii Ptol. Madera teste Nigro Ortelio rather Forteventura teste Baud. Herbania Sans Junonia Minor now Lancerotta teste Sansone This Junonia was from London 20 degr The Meridian of the Arabian Geographer is something dubious for Herculis Columnae is a Town in Frisiae between Groeningen and Coverden called Duvelseutz teste Ortelio The Spaniards tell us they are in the Isle Gaditana now Cales or Cadez where are two Towers so called Columnas de Hercoles Others make the two Mountains Abila and Calpe on both sides of the Herculeum Fretum now Estrechio de Gibralter to be the Pillars of Hercules That of Abila is in Mauritania now Mons Almina teste Clusio Mont des Singes Gallis Scheminckelberg Belgis Calpe Mons now Gibralter Clusio a Mountain and City in Spain over against Abila and about 18 miles distant now neer to if not the same with Ceuta or Zeuta Latinis Septa Grecis Septon Mauris Benimaras teste Marmolio But forasmuch as it was but 10 Degrees from London and that it passed by the utmost point of the Western Shore it must rather be from Herculeum Promontorium not Hartland Point in Devonshire but Cabo Cantin in Morocco which is from London about 10 Degrees The Dutch Meridian is the Pike of Teneriff the Nivaria Plin. teste Sanson But by the Bishop of Girone and Andrea Bacio Gomera is the ancient Nivaria However 't is the most noted place and indeed the best if all were well agreed for the first Meridian and according to the best Observations that have been made it is from London 18 Degrees Isola del Ferro the Pluitalia Ptol. the Pluvialia Plin. teste Andrea Bacchio But Niger tells us Gomera is the Pluvitalia of old now L'Isle de Fer. Gallis Isla de Hierro Hispanis the French Meridian is distant from London 20 Degrees Corvo and Flores the Meridian of many Writers and Map-makers is from London 33 Degrees Pico the Meridian of Dudlaeus Sea-Charts is 31 Degrees That of Graciosa the English Hydrographer is about 30 Degrees By this Table you may easily know from whence most Geographers begin their Longitudes and also know how near to truth by adding or substracting the proper Numbers in the Table to or from the Number found in their Maps As to the Scale in
happy composition wherein the King hath his full Prerogative the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Respect and the People in general Masters of the Estates they can get by their Labours and Endeavours a Blessing that few Countries can boast of O happy and blessed England Thy Valleys are like Eden Thy Hills like Lebanon Thy Springs as Shiloe and thy Rivers as Jordan a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God enriched with all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth Her chief Cities are London Londicium of Ptolomy Ant. Tac. Lunden Ger. Londra Iâ—â— Londres Gal. the Epitome of England the Seat of our British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or seat of Traffick in the World To describe all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volume I shall only say seated she is in an Excellent Air in a Fertile Soil and on the famous Navigable River Thomas about 60 miles from the Sea in 51 degr 30 min. North Latitude In Length from East to West seven English miles and a half and from North to South two miles and a half But of late years so increased and still multiplying in Building in all her parts that there can no Bounds or Limits be set to her Circumference The Buildings fair and stately for large Piazza's for spacious strait Streets and stately Uniform Building she has not any Rival in Europe It had 130 Parish-Churches besides Chappels the Mother-Church is that of St. Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe It was a Structure for length 690 foot in breadth 130 in height 102 foot and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground Built in the form of a perfect Cross in the midst whereof was raised a Tower of stone 260 foot high and on that a Spire of Timber covered with Lead 260 foot more This stately Monument of England and Glory of the City of London was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Yet since our late Gracious Soveraign Charles the Second like another Solomon laid a New Foundation of such a Fabrick as for Magnificence Splendor Figure and Excellent Architecture the World never saw the like The Model whereof was Designed by that Incomparable Architect Sir Christopher Wren And here I cannot but give a short Account of the vast Damage and Spoil done by th forementioned Fire It hath been computed that there were â—rnt wi hin the Walls of the City 12000 Houses and without 1000 Valued at three Millions and nine hundred thousand pounds Ster ing Besides 87 P risâ—-Churches the aforementioned Cathedral the Royal Exchange the Magni icent Guild-Hal the Cuâ—m-House the many Halls of Compa iâ— the Gates with other Publick â—uildings valued at two Millions The War-Houses Stuffs Money and Goods lost and spoiled were estimated to two Millions of pounds The Money spent in Removing of â—oâ—ds and Wares in the Hiâ— of Carts Bâ—ats Porters c. modâ—ly compuâ—d at the lâ—ast two hundred thousand pounds The whole Damage amounting at the least to Nine Millions nine hundred thousand pounds And what is most Remarkable that notwithstanding these excessive Losses by Fire the Devouring Pestilence but the Year before and the Chargeable War against three Potent Nations at the same time depending yet within four or five Years the City was Rebuilt divers stately Halls and Churches erected all infinitely more Beautiful more Commodious and more Solid than before for which all praise and glory be given to God by us and Posterity The vast Traffick and Commerce of this City may be guessed at by its Customs which though moderate compared with the Impositions of other Countries did formerly amount to about 300000 l. per Annum and now are increased by Report to a much greater Value Time would fail me here to speak of its Antiquity Stately Palaces Streets Exchanges Number of Inhabitants Trade and Government of its well-fortified Tower the Grand Arsenal of the Kingdom Its incomparable Bridge Publick Colledges Schools Hospitals Work-Houses c. I shall therefore only add London is a huge Magazine of Men Money Ships and all sorts of Commodities the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Ladies Merchants Seamen and all kind of Excellent Artificers of the most Refined Wits and the most Excellent Beauties in the World. Of the Universities Oxford Oxonium Lat. Calleva Ant. Oxenford Sax. Rhidichin or Rhydychen Brit. And Cambridge Camboricum Ant. Cantabrigia Beda Granchester Sax. IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England the two Eyes are the two Vniversities those Renowned Nurseries of Learning and Religion which for number of Magnificent and Richly Endowed Colledges for liberal Stipends to all sorts of publick Professors for number of well furnished Libraries for Number and Quality of Students exact Discipline and Order are not to be Parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas and so much surpassing all other in Forreign parts that they deserve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency I shall therefore only say that nothing was ever devised more singularly advantagious to Gods Church and Mans Happiness than these Vniversities from whence men of Excellent parts after seasonable time in Study are called forth to serve both in Church and State. York Eboracum Ant. Eburacum Ptol. Caerfrock vel Caer-Efroc Brit. is a City of great Antiquity esteemed the second of England Famous for its Cathedral for the Birth-place of Constantine the Great and the Burial-place of Severus the Emperor it is the Title of the Kings second Son and an Archbishoprick Canterbury Durovernum Darvenum Ant. Ptol. Durovernia Beda is remarkable for being the Seat of an Archbishop who is Primate of all England Bristol Bristolium Famous for its Trade and Commerce and for its Scituation in two Counties Norwich Norvicum for its Industry in Woollen Manufactures Salisbury Sarum for its rare Cathedral wherein there are as many Doors as Months as many Windows as Days and as many Pillars as Hours in the Year Windsor Windlesora pleasantly seated on the side of the Thames and is famous for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty Jam. II. Gloucester is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain seated upon the Severn near the Isle Aldney where was fought the Combat between Edmund Iron-side King of the English Saxons and Canutus the Dane I had purposed to have given a more particular description of all the rest of the principal Cities in England but must defer it for a Treatise of England wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant I shall therefore here say no more of England Of Wales WALES by Rob Morden WALES is a Principality adjoyning to and annext in Government with England Inhabited by the Posterity of the Ancient Britans who being driven out of the rest of the Land by the intruding Saxons whom they sent for over to Assist them against
Norway is very much fallen to decay yet it still â—tains the Title of an Archbishoprick and the Remains of one of the fairest and most magnificent Churches of the North Ships ride sâ—fâ—â—e Harbour but they must have very good Pilots to carry them in Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-Meal and Oates which they bake between two hollow Flint-stones which Bread ke ps thirty or forty years The Norwegians are little subject to sickness and of such a Constitution that when they are in a Fever one slice of Bacon does them more good than a potched Egg their great inclination to Sorcery makes them have the reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen Finmark which makes part of Lapland advances into the Frigid Zone so that day or night continues alternately for several Months together The Inhabitants claim nothing of Property but take the first place that pleases them here to day in another place to morrow They live upon Fish and Hunting and only pay an acknowledgment of certain Skins to the King of Denmark and carry their Fish to Berghen The Castle of Wardhus with a Burrough of 300 Houses the most Northernly of the whole Continent is in the middle of a little Island where it serves only to force the payment of certain duties from those that Traffick to Arch-Angel in Moscovy The Haven is in the Western part of the Island which is separated from the Land by an arm of the Sea about a Quarter of a League broad through which the Ships make Sail and the places adjoyning are not so subject to the Ice as other parts of the same Sea. As for the Norwegians we have not read of them in any ancient Author both Name and Country seem more lately to have been given from their Northern Situation uniting with the Danes and Swedes they were better known in the time of the French Empire by the name of Normans under which appellation in the time of Charles the Simple they got the Province of Normandy conferred on Rollo the first Duke thereof Anno 912 afterwards setling in their own Country they were called Norwegians from their Northern Situation Governed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the Danes which was by means of the Marriage of Haquin the last Prince of Nâ—rway unto Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden a second Semiâ—amis in the History of those times who having once got sooting in Norway so assured themselves of it that they havâ— ever since possessed it as a Tributary Kingdom so that now Norway and Denmark are both fellow Subjects under the same King. Of Swedeland SWEDEN NORWAY by Robt. Morden THE Monarchy of Sueovonia or Suecia Lat. Sweden Incolis Suede Gal. Suetia Ital. is the most ancient in Europe if it be true that it has had above a hundred and fifty Kings and that the first among them was the Son of Japhet one of the Sons of Noah Perhaps for this reason it was that at the Council of Basil a Swedish Bishop had the Confidence to demand of the Presidents the precedency before all the Bishops of Christendom Some Historians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermanicus and demonstrate to us that the Kingdom was Elective till the Reign of Gustavus de Vasa or Ericus who made it Hereditary to his Family in the year 1544 and at the same time put down the Roman Catholick Religion to Embrace the Lutheran Doctrine under this pretence of Religion Charles the Ninth of Sudermania deprived his Nephew Sigismund of his Crown who had been the 13th Elective King of Poland of that Name In the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great we find them to have been a Free State different from that of the Danes entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridus Kings of that Nation driven out by the Sons of Gotericus In the Reign of Sweno the First and Canutus the Great they were subject to the Danes By Queen Margaret about the year 1387 they were again subdued to the Danish yoke after long Wars sundry defections and recoveries not fully delivered until the year 1525 freed by Gustavus aforesaid and ever since commanded by Princes of their own Nation The ancient Inhabitants of this Nation are supposed to be the Suiones or Sitones of Tacitus Inhabiting the greater Scandia of Ptol. by Aimonius called the Sueones in his 48 and 101 Chap. By Jornandes de Rebus Geticis the Suethici at this day by long corruption the Sueci giving Name to the Country now called Suetia or Swedeland extended for a great space of Land betwixt the Baltick and the Frozen Seas The King of Swedeland stiles himself King of the Swedes Goths Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria and bears in his Arms three Crowns The present King is Charles the Eleventh of the Family of the Palatine of Deux Ponts The Goths and Vandals are famous in History for their Conquests So have the Swedes been in the last Age through the valour of their late Kings and the conquests they have made upon their Neighbours which had made them almost Masters of the Baltick The Peace at Bromsbroo near Christianople Anno 1645 obliged the King of Denmark to restore Jempterland and Herendall to the Swedes and to surrender him the Islâ—nds of Gotland and Oesel to perpetuity with the Province of Halland for thirty years The Peace of Roskil near Copenhagen 1658 surrendered Halland wholly to the Swedes together with Schonen Blâ—king and the Island of Bornholm which afterwards returned to the Danes by exchange of other Lands the Fortress of Bahus and the Bailywick of Drenthâ—m The Peace at Copenhagen 1660 confirms the Treaty of Roskil except for the Bailywick of Dronthem and acquires the Island of Ween The Acquisitions of the Swede from the Empire by the Peace of Munster were the Dutchy of Lower Pomerania and in the Vpper-Stetin Gartz Daâ— and Golnau the Island and Principality of Rugen the Isles and Mouths of Oder the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden The City Signiore and part of Wismar Wildhusen in Westphalia the priviledg to attempt the rest of Pomerania and the new Marquisate of Brandenburgh The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzick 1660 was so advantageous to this Kingdom that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Title of King of Swedeland for the future and consented that Livonia from thenceforth should be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden This was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna where only Dunâ—mburgh was reserv'd to the Crown of Poland according to the Truce made at Stumsdorf for 26 years Anno 1635. The Peace with Muscovy restor'd to Sweden all that the Grand Duke had taken in Livonia The King of â—weden pretends to the Succession of Cleves and Juliers by Title from his Great Grand-father John Duke of Deux Ponts who Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sister to Duke John-William In the Estates of this Kingdom the Country-men
make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions â—foresaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the Gâ—s or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Linkâ—ping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place â—mburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well fâ—rtâ—ed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or â—iâ— is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better â—urniâ—h'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most â—ble Marâ—s in all thosâ— Quarters The Cathedral has been a Stâ—â—ilding as they say lin'd or as it wâ—re Wâ—d within wâ—old and covâ—d with Copper Carâ—lâ—taâ— upon the Wener is notâ—â—or its abundance of â—rass Strongues is a Bishops Sâ— Ar sia now W â—erus was rich in Silver Mines Lâ—ni contain no Citi s It has only certaiâ— Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tallâ—st â—t being above four foot higâ— nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand Mâ—sâ—ites that came to Inâ—dâ— them They wear no other Habit but Skiâ— and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards â—ey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are Aâ—o a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de lâ— Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake â—adoga Carald â—d by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Dossâ— Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commodâ—es of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the
North. The Forces of Sweden are very powerful being able to put to Sea more then 100 Sail of Ships and into the Field forty or fifty thousand of Horse and Foot. And for deciding of Controversies c. every Territory hath its Viscount every Province its Lâ—n every Parish its Lanas-man or Consul and there lâ—eth an appeal from the Consul to the Laymen and from the Laymen to the Viscount and from the Viscount to the King who alone decideth the same Teste Sanson Livonia Germ. or Listâ—ndt is divided into two parts viz. Esthâ—nia or Eften on the North. and Litlandia Leithland or 〈◊〉 on the South was entirely Surrendred by the Polander except Dunembergh Formerly the Order of Carry-Sword Knights Resided there but in the time of Gregory the Ninth that Order was United to the Teutonick Afterwards the Polanders and Muscovites enjoyed it Riga is the Capital City of Livonia The Germans English and Hollanders drive a great Trade there in the Summer while the Sea is open In the Winter the Natives Trade into Muscovy upon their Sledges It stands upon a Plain upon the River Duna which in that place is about a quarter of a League over The Fortifications thereof consist of six Regular Bastions several Half-moons and Pallisado'd Counterscarps In the Year 1656 an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites came to catch cold before this City which Valiantly Repulsed them Pernaw is a well Fortified place And Derpt in Latin Tuâ—atum Situate on the Beck taken by J. Basilius the Great Duke of Muscovy as was also Felin a strong Town Dunabourg an Impregnable Fortress eight miles from Riga well Garisoned by the Poles Revel directs the Trade from Livonia into Muscoâ—y 'T is a Bishops See and a well Traded Port. Nerva is a strong place from whence the Neighbouring River derives its Name where the Brave Pontus de la Gardia was Drown'd By the last Treaties between the Crowns of Sweden and Poland the Exercise of the Protestant as well as the Catholick Religion is permitted in Livonia as also in Curland and Prussia The Island of Gothland is the biggest in the Baltick Sea for therein there are five or six Ports belonging to the Swede In several of the Rocks there still remain the Ancient Gothish Characters And the City of Wisby still preserves certain pieces of Marble and Houses that have Gates of Iron or Brass Gilded or Silver'd over which testifie the great Antiquity of the place This City first Established the Law for Navigation in the Baltick and began the Sea-cards Other Islands are Dagho and Oesel upon the Coast of Livonia belonging to the Swedes Of Muscovy c. MOSCOVIE or RVSSIE Of Muscovy c. MVSCOVY is properly but the name of a Province so called of which Moscow is the chief City which hath communicated its Name to all the Provinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar or Tzar This Country is part of the European Sarmaâ—iâ— or Sâ—ythia called also Russia Alba or the Great Russia whose ancient Inhabitants were the Rhuteni or the Roxolani of Ptol. the Rossi of Cedren The Basternae Tacit. teste Willich From thence some think it called Russia others tell us 't is called Russia from the colour of the Snow which colours the Fields for almost three Quarters of a year 'T is the Vastest Country in Europe A Territory so large that were it Peopled answerable to some other parts of the World would either make it too great for one Prince or that Prince too powerful for his Neighbours But the Eastern parts thereof are vexed with the Asiatique Tartars who like Aesop's Dog will neither dwell there nor suffer the Muscovites The Western parts almost as much harassed by the Swedes and Poles The Southern by the Turks and European Tartars and the Northern pinched by the coldness of the Air This excess of cold in the Air was so vehement that in the Year 1598 of 70000 Turks that made an Inrode into Muscovy 40000 were frozen to death and water thrown up into the Air will turn to Ice before it falls to the Ground Nor is it an extraordinary thing for the Inhabitants to have their Noses Ears and Feet frozen off such is their Winter Nor is their Summer less Miraculous for the heaps of frozen Snow which covered the Surface of the Country at the first approach of the Sun are suddenly Dissolved the Waters dried up the Earth dressed in her gaudy Apparel such a mature Growth of Fruits such flourishing of Herbs such chirping of Birds as if there were a perpetual Spring And though they Sow but in June yet the Heats of July and August strangely quicken their Harvest The whole Country generally is overspread with Woods and Lakes and is in a manner a continual Forest irrigated by several Lakes and Rivers Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees in the World affording shelter to multitudes of Cattel and Wild Beasts whose Skins â—re better than their Bodies and here is the inexhaustible Fountain of Wax and Honey as likewise all kinds of Fowl and small Birds in great plenty most sorts of Fish excellent Fruits and Roots especially Onions and Garlick Here is the Corn of Rhezan and Volodimira the Hides and Leather of Jâ—rouslâ—u the Wax and Honey of Plesow the Tallow of Wolâ—gda the Oyl and Cavayer about Volga the Linnen and Hemp of great Novogrodt the Pitch and Rosin of Duvinâ—z the Salt of Asrâ—acan and Rostof the â—rmins and Sables and black Foxes Furs of Siberia where the Hunters have the Art to hit only the Noses of the Beasts preserving their Skins whole and clean The Muscovites are naturally ingenious enough yet not addicted to Arts or Sciences they do not trouble themselves with the height of the Heavens or the Magnitude of the Earth they amuse not themselves with Syllogisms nor wrangle whether Logick be an Art or Science And the plainness and paucity of their Laws makes Atturnies and Sollicitors as useless there as Philosophers Nor are they much addicted to Traffick and Husbandry being naturally lazy it must be force or necessity that compels them to labour Drunkenness is very familiar with them and Aqua-vitae or Tobacco like the Liquor of Circe turns them into Swine They are great lyars treacherous crafty malicious and revengeful quarelsome tho the height of their fury is Kicking their Houses mean and ill-furnished their Lodging is hard and their Diet homely born to slavery and brought up in hardship They are for the most part fat and corpulent strong of Body and of good proportion only great Bellies and great Beards are in fashion and the Women though indifferent handsome yet make use of Paint They are much retired and seldom in publick very respectful to their Husbands who look upon them as a necessary evil beat them often and treat them as slaves They only teach their Children to write and read which suffices them though they presume to be Doctors They take for their Sirname the proper name of their
to Strong-waters and a Drink called Beza giving themselves up to a Gluttony as Brutish as that which is Natural unto Swine having no Use of Sauces to provoke their Appetite but rest delighted with the meer contentment of Idleness and a full Stomack I shall only add this account of Tartary by Massellini an Italian Physician to the Grand Vizier I for my part found Tartary a very pleasant Country plentiful of all Provisions and the people much more courteous and obliging to strangers and Christians than the Turks are That as to their Morals few Nations less vicious being extreamly severe and faithful having no Thieves or false Witnesses amongst them little injustice or violence and live together in union and peace And that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and just in whatsoever they promise or are entrusted with Of MOLDAVIA TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA VALACHIA BVLGARIA c by Robt. Morden MOLDAVIA has sometimes been called Great Walachia and Walachia on this side the Mountains It is very Rich in Honey and Wax for which the Tenths of the Prince amount Yearly to above 200000 Crowns You shall meet with several Heaps of Stones which they report to have been cast up by Darius King of Persia when he made War against the Scythians The Capital Cities thereof are Jassi or Jassum the chief Town for Wealth and Trade 2. Soczova Soczow Suchzow was the Sucidava of Ptol. Ant. the Vaivod's Seat. 3. Chotezin Arcobadara Baud. a place of great strength near the Niester and the Ordinary Magazine of the Country the place where the Poles were Defeated under King Sigismund Augustus and where King John Sobieski a little before his Election won the most memorable Victory in our Age. The Eastern part called Bessarabia lies upon the Black Sea and belongs to the Grand Signior who is Master of the Mouth of the Danow and Niester and who uses all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of the Vkraine It s chief places are Bialogrod Bialogred Moldavis Beligrad Turcis a strong Town near the Mouth of the River Kilia is the Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. teste Laz. But Laonicus tells us that Callatia is now called Calliacra And Niger saith 't is called Pandalla on the Euxine Sea. Ackerman Turcis Moncastro Incol is the Hermonassa Plin. Mel. the Hermonactus Ptol. teste Nigro Nester Alba. Turcis teste Leuncl Moncastro is the Tyras of Ptol. teste Herbersti Zothezavia Nigro a strong place on the same Coast The Plain of Budziack 12 Leagues long and half as broad is possessed by the Dobruce Tartars who are the greatest Robbers in those parts They are about 15000 and lye about Bialigrod Of WALACHIA WALACHIA which lies to the South-East of Transylvania and extends along the Danaw was called Walachia Transalpina to distinguish it from Moldavia It is watered by a great many Rivers Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold And for the Horses they are the best in Europe The Prince who is sometimes called Hospodar and sometimes Waywode that is to say Chief of the Troops Resides at Terwisch Incol Tervis Gal. Targovisco Ital. Tergowisch Germ. Tergovistus or Tergoviscum Lat. Auth. Olim Tiviscum Ptol. Taros Turo teste Lazio And pays to the Grand Signior 26000 Liures Annual Tribute It s other places are Brailano the Piroboridava of Ptol. teste Nigro the Town of most Trade Situate on the Danaw memorable for the Destruction and Slaughter made by John the Vaivod of Moldavia Zorza with its strong Castle taken by Sigismund Anno 1596. Bucaresta is Remarkable for two Bridges the one of Boats laid by Sinan Bassa the other of Stone the Work of the Emperor Trajan Of TRANSYLVANIA TRANSYLVANIA Erdeli Hung. Siedm-grodzka Ziemea Sclavis is so called as being Seated beyond the Woods or rather Mountains that separate it from Hungary The Germans call it Sieben burghen by reason of the Seven Cities which the Saxons Built there viz. Hermanstat Cronstat Nosenstat Medwich Schiesburg Clausenburg and Weissenburg The People of this Country are of two sorts Cicules or Zeklers Saxons or Hungarians The Zeklers are said to come out of Tartary or are rather the remains of the Hunns who quitted their Names that they might not be Odious to their Neighbours They are settled chiefly in the Northern part at Orbay at Kisdi at Czick at Girgio at Marous at Arania and Sepsi Their Capital City is Newmark The Saxons or Hungarians are Originally Descended from the Germans and call themselves the Nobles of the Country Hermanstadt Ger. Czeben Zeben Hung. the Cibinium Hermannopolis of the Ancients yielded by the Turks 1659 after much Slaughter and a stout Resistance is the Residence of the Prince a strong City well Fortified both by Art and Nature Waradin or Wardeyn has been extraordinarily Fortified by the Turks who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever since the Year 1660. Cronstat Kronstat Germ. Brassow vel Brassowa Hung. Brassaw Incolis the Patrovissa of Ptol. Stephanopolis Corona Praetoria Augusta Vet. is Remarkable for a fair Library and a kind of Academy and the most Noted Empory of the Country Nosenstadt Germ. Bistritia Bestercze Hung. the Nemidava Vet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Old Manuscripts is a pleasant and sweet Town Clausenburg Germ. Koloswar Hung. Claudiapolis Vet. Zeugma Ptol. aliis Besieged by the Turks Defended by D. Retani and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 Men 1661. But Lazius tells us that Zeugma is the Zazsebes Hung. or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues distant from Clausenburg towards the South seated in a pleasant Plain beautified with handsome Buildings and is the Court of their Judicature Wassemburg Germ. Gyula-Feieruar Hung. Albajulia or Alba-Giulia the Apulum of Ptol. was the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania Varhel Incolis Gradisch Selavo Veczol Venecz teste Lazio is the Zarmigethusa or Zarmisogethusa of Ptol. Vlpia Trajana Vet. Megies or Medgis Hung. Megeswar Medwisch Germ. the Pirum of Ptol. Mediesus Lat. Segeswar Incol Schiesburg Ger. Sciburgium is the Sandava of Ptol. teste Lazio Janova Besieged by the Grand Vizier 1658 and taken The Country Naturally abounds with Wine Corn Fruit and Cattel The People are much of the same Nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been for a long time subject but are somewhat more stubborn and untractable and speaking the same Language with some difference in the Dialect only One of the Principal Revenues of Transylvania consists in Salt which is chiefly made at Torda from whence they send it into Hungary by the River Marish There are also Mines of Gold and Silver and sometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers that weigh half a pound So that the Hungarians when they possessed Transylvania called it their Treasury There are several sorts of Religions in Transylvania for Catholicks Lutherans and Calvinists had the free Exercise of their Religion there ever since the beginning
and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Albâ— Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and
of almost infinite lesser Rivers falls in a little below Strasburg The Moselle Mosella Tac. Aus arising out of the Mountains of Vauge at the Confines of Lorrain is disburthened hereinto at Coblentz The Danaw Ger. le Danube Gal. Danubio Ital. Hisp Danow Ang. Danubius Polyb. Strab. Plin. c. ariseth in Schwartzwald distant about two hours journey from the head of the Neckar and running Eastwards through Suavia Bavaria Austria Hungaria Bulgaria c. after above 1000 miles course it poureth into the Euxine Sea with a great violence through six Channels according to Plin. through seven according to Sol. Strab. and A. Marc. Thâ— lower part of this River was called Ister Strab. puts the beginning of this Name at its Cataracts Ptol. at the Town Axiopolis Plin. where it arriveth at Illiricum Appian at the Confluence of it with the River Savus The greater Rivers received hereinto in Germany are the Iser Isara The Leck Lycus Inn. Aenus of Ptol. The Nab or Nabas and the Marckh or Moraus The Ems Germ. Amis Amusia Strab. Amisus Amasus Ptol. Plin. It ariseth in Westphalia near Paderborn and is disburthened into the German or British Ocean The Weser Visurgis Plin. Visurigis Ptol. Bisurgis Strab. Iturgis Ovid. hath its beginning in the Hilly Forrest of Duringer-Waldt passing by the Towns of Hamlen Minden and Bremen and having received the Fuld and the Aller floweth into the German Ocean the part towards the head is called Wierra Verra al. Wertz The Elbe Albis of Plin. Strab. c. riseth out of the Hill Risengebirg being part of the Sudatae incircling Bohemia and passing by the Towns of Dresden Wittenburg Meydburg it falleth into the German Ocean below Hambourg towards it beginning in Bohemia it is called the Labe. Greater Rivers which empty hereinto are the Muldaw Muldavia The Egra the Saltza Sala of Strab. The Spree Suevus of Ptol. Unto this River reached the Roman Discoveries and the French Conquests The Odor Odera Viadrus Ptol. This ariseth out of the Hill Oderberg near Olmuntz in Moravia passing by Breslaw Glogaw Francford and Stetin with the Rivers Neisse and Warta received thereinto it is disburdened into the Frisch-huff at the two Islands Vsedom and Vollin with three Mouths Pfyn Swine and Diuvenow and so into the East or Baltick Sea. The chief Mountains of Germany were the Abnobi Abnobae of Ptol. Plin. near the Heads of the River Danow and the Neccar now called Schwartz-wald by Scuto and Willychio Die Baar The Sudatae of Ptol. or Suditi Vandalici Montes Dioni are the Hills encircling Bohemia covered with the Woods Gabreta and Luna Wendenberg Fiechtilberg teste Baud. The Sarmatici Montes seem to be the same with Sevo of Solinus Plin. and Carpates of Ptol. between Poland and Hungary Now Crapack Tarczal Ben Munch Wartzgarten Biescid Scheneberg Snepesi Bies-sciady Russis Melibocus Mons Tatri Sclavis Hartzwaldt Pirkhermero Brockersberg Peucero By others Vogelsburg The Hilly Country of Hessen between Franconia and Turingia by B. Rhenano Carvancas are the Hilly Tracts of Tirol and Carinthia now Brenner Pyramio The Albanus of Ptol. Albius Strabo are the Mountains of Stiria now Schwanberger-Albn or Affder Alben Laz. The Baebi Montes Ptol. are the Crabaten or Krabaten Mount. in Croatia Cetius Mons seu Cesius Liv. Ptol. now Kalenberg or Halenberg in Austria continued a great length between the Danow and the Dra and distinguished into sundry particular Names of Schneberg Deubsperg Herieberg Hengsterberg or Heustperg Semering Plaitz The common bounds sometimes of the Countries Noricum and Pannonia The most famous Woods were the Hercyni Caes Tac. Plin. Hercina Claud. It began after Caesar at the Rhiin and the Confines of Helvetia and was continued Eastwards along the course of the Danube unto the Dacii in Transylvania containing then in breadth nine days journey in length more than sixty Parts and remainders of this Wood were all those vast Desarts and Forest of the Daci and Sarmatae whose parts are Martiana Silva were the Woods covering the Hills Abnobi and from their dark shades called Schwartzwald or the Black Wood. The Bacenis of Caesar the Semana Silva of Ptol. now Duringerwaldt or Silva Turingica upon the Borders of Bohemia towards Bavaria Gabreta Silva Ptol. now Behaimer-waldt or Silva Bohemica Mont. the Woods of the Mount Sudaetae towards the W. N. Luna Sylva are the Woods of the Sudetae towards Passaw and the South The Chorography of this great but Heterogeneous Country as was said is divided into many Estates and those Estates absolute or independent For the better Survey of which we will consider Germany in three great Parts Viz. First Germany about the Rhine Secondly Germany about the Danube and Thirdly Germany about the Elbe and Oder Let us begin with Germany about the Rhine and first with the Free County of Burgundy now the French County which is every where so fertile that it is called the Flower of France its chief places are Besancon Civitas Visontiensis Ant. Vesuntio Caesar Visontium Ptol. a fair City of good strength and a University an Archbishops See. 2. Dole Dola Sequanorum a Town of great Strength Riches and Beauty and Famous for its College of Jesuits besides here are numbred 20 Walled Towns and about 160 Lordships This Country was subject to the Princes of Austria of the House of Spain and under the Spanish Government Besancon excepted which was a Town Imperial and belonging immediately to the Empire But in the year 1668 the French King under the pretence of his Wifes Title with a surprizing swiftness conquered it in the midst of Winter in less than fifteen days one of the greatest actions that ever was performed It amazed all Europe and caused the Spaniard to quit their pretentions to the Crown of Portugal However the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle restored it again but first they dismantled all the strong Places and Holds and would have destroyed the rich Salts-pits had not the Interposition of England and Holland prevented but in the year 1674 Gray Wesoul and the loss of other places began the compleat Conquest of that Country by the taking of Besancon Dole Saline c. nor could the Duke of Lorrain and Count Caprara relieve it though they desperately engaged the Enemy at the Battel of Sieren North of Burgundy lyes the Principality or Dutchy of Lorrain Lotharingiâ— Loâ—theringen Lorreign the Duke whereof is a Prince of the Empire and the Country was reckoned a Feodatory thereof And by the Pyâ—â—nian Treaty the said Duke was to be restored to his Dutchy of Lorrain with all the places and Towns which hâ— had possessed in Mentz â—aul and Verdun surprized by Henry the Second King of France and since But France after several new pretencâ—s and quarrels in 1663 Invested Marsal by the Count of Gâ—iche the delivery of which by the Duke of Lorrain tho it calmed the tempest yet after continual Incroachments upon his Jurisdiction
the Limits of his Territories and his Soveraignty it self one of the French Generals in 1668 was ordered to seize his Person had he not preserved it by leaving his Dukedom which now France possesses it all Chief Places whereof are Metz the Divodurum of Ptol. and Tac. Civitas Medio matriâ—um of Ant. Mâ—tae Metis aliâ—s The Royal Seat sometimes of the French Kings of Austrasia or Westrick An Imperial City seated on the Mosel at the Confluence of the Selna River Besieged by Charles the Emperor with 100000 Men Ann. 1552 but despairing of success he left it and afterwards casting off his Empire in the Monastry of Justus he ended his life 2. Toul Tulium Ptol. Cit. Lucorum Tullo Ant. a Bishops See and a Town Imperial upon the River Mosel Built by Tulius Hostilius as the French Writers say 3. Nancy Nanceium Nasium Ptol. Seated upon the River Murra the Residence formerly of the Duke once strongly Fortified remarkable for the Disaster of Charles Duke of Burgundy who lost the Battel and his life near her Walls 1476. Taken by the French Anno 1637. And Ann. 1661 her Fortifications were Dismantled 4. Verdun Virodunum Verodunum Ant. a Town Imperial and a Bishops See upon the River Meuse The Estates of the Dutchy of Cleveland contained whilest it was the entire Patrimony of those Dukes 1. The Dutchy of Cleves 2. Of Juliers 3. Of Berg. And 4th the Earldom of Marck Cleve was made an Earldom Anno 911 for want of Heirs it devolved into the Empire 1350. Charles the Fourth gave it to Adolph Bishop of Colen Sigismund the Emperor made it a Dukedom 1417. It s chief Places are Cleve Clivia Cleef incolis 2. Wesel Weselia The Dukedom of Juliers was United to Cleves by Marriage 1496. It s chief Places are Juliers al. Gulick Juliacum Ant. belonging to the Prince of Newburg 3. Aken Flandris Ach Germanis Aix la Chapelle Gallis Aquisgrana Italis Aquisgranum from its Hot Baths Vetera Ptol. Ant. aliis But Pyramius and Pighius tells us that Stanten in the Dutchy of Cleves is the Vetera of the Ancients And Simlerus will have it to be Berck upon the Rhine Thermaegrani Rheginoni destroyed by Attila since fanâ—s for being the Metropolis of the Empire of Charlemagne and for his â—urial-place and also for the Tomb of the Emperor Otho the Third ruined by the Normans 882 destroyed by fire 1146 and again 1224 it was fired 1624 it was taken by the Spaniards 1656 it was again almost destroyed by fire viz. twenty Churches and Chappels and about 5000 Houses Now famous for its Holy Relicks and much visited by Pilgrims from many parts as also for the Treaty of Peace 1668. Two Leagues from Aken is a Mine of Lapis Calaminaris which have been wrought upon for 300 years Montensis Ducatas the Dutchy of Mont or Berg its chief City is Dusseldorp a Town and Castle formerly the Seat of the Dukes of Cleves and Juliers c. Here is also Duytsburg an Imperial City Dispargum Asciburgium Disporum of old In the County of Marck chief Places are Soest or Zoest Susatum of old and Dortmund Tremonia Dortmania both free Cities The Dutchy of Berg and Earldom of Marck belongs now to the Marquis of Brandenburg that of Cleves and Juliers to the Duke of Newburg Meurs is a Town honoured with the Title of an Earldom subject to no other Prince but the Emperor Adjoining to these Countries are the three Electoral Arch-Bishopricks 1. The Arch-Bishop of Mentz who is first in Dignity being Chancellor of the Sacred Empire and hath the Priviledg of Crowning Caesar except at Aix la Chapelle which then belongs to the Elector of Callen His Jurisdiction and Territories like some of our Diocesses lies dispersed in several Countries His chief places are Mentz or Muntz Germany Mayence Gallis Magonza Italis Macantiacum Ptol. Magontiacum Tac. Mogontiacus Mogantiacum A. Marc. Cit. Moguntiacensis Ant. Moguntia Rheginoni Magontia Eutropio the Metropolis then of the Province of Germania prima Here is said was first Invented the Noble Art of Printing by John Gutenburg Knight in the year 1440. It was an Arch-Bishops See in 745. And was taken by the King of Sweden 1631 who there kept his Christmas An Academy 1482. 2. Aschafenburg or Asciburgiam Aschafenburg the place of the Arch-Bishops Residence 3. Erford in Turingia Bicurgium Ptol. teste Pyramio Erphordia Hercino Phordia Erfordia Erfurdt Incollis Erford Gallis a City large rich and populous accounted amongst the chiefest in Germany Governed in manner of a Free State but in 1664 reduced again to the obedience of the Elector of Mentz ope Gallorum 1392 was founded a University 2ly The Arch-Bishop of Collen a fair and goodly Country lying upon the left-shore of the Rhine It s chief Places are 1. Collen Germ. Cologn Galâ—is Colonia Agrippinensis Plin. Agrippinensis Ptol. Colonia Agrippinensis Oppidum Vbiorum Tac. Colonia Agrippina Agrippinensis Ant. The Metropolis of the Province of Germania Secunda and a famous Colony of the Romans brought hither in the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius by Agrippina Daughter to Caesar Germanicus and Wife to the Emperor Claudius The Rome of Germany An Imperial City but does Homage to the Arch-Bishop The Cathedral of St. Peter's is of vast and stupendious greatness Caesar's Bridg over the Rhine is one of the antientest in Europe Here also are said to lye the Bodies of the three Kings that came from the East to Worship our Saviour 2. Bonne Bona Ptol. Castra Bonensia Tac. now the Residence of the Elector Seated in a pleasant and fruitful part of the Country This Arch-Bishop is Chancellor of Italy and second in Dignity He is also Prince and Pastor of the Country and Jurisdiction of Leidg a Country very healthy and pleasant where are reckoned 25 Walled Towns and 1700 Villages But the description of this Country I shall refer to that of the Spanish Provinces being intermixed with them And shall here only say that Liege is seated on the River Maez near that Valley wherein two Legions of Julius Caesar under Sabinus and Cotta were destroyed by Ambiorix Captain of the Eburones 3ly To this succeeds the Arch-Bishoprick of Triers or Treves Diocesis Treverensis extended along the course of the Moselle from the Confines of Lorrain unto the Rhine A Country rather pleasant than fruitful hilly and full of Woods rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron and Lead Chief Places are 1. Trier Germ. Treves Gallis Treveri Italis Colonia Treverorum Tac. Augusta Mela Augusta Treverorum Ptol. Augusta Libera Pliny Treveris Salviano Civitas Treverorum Ant. the Metropolis then of the first Belgica and Residence of the Vicar-General of Gaul seated upon the Moselle now an Arch-Bishops See and chief of the Country whose Bishop is Chancellor of France for the Emperor Built and named from Trebeta Brother to Ninus King of Assyria Anno ante Christum 1496 teste Baud. It s ancient Inhabitants were the Treviri of Caesar and Liv. the
Treveri Plin. Melae the Triviri Ptol. 2. Cobolentz al. Coblentz Legio prima Trajana Ptol. Confluentes Ant. seated at the Influx of the River Moselle and Rhine A Town populous and well built the Country about it very pleasant and fertile 3. Hermanstein Hermanni Saxum also Ernbretstein or Erenbreitstein a strong Castle notable for its long Siege 1636 opposite to Coblentz Next to these lies the Palatinate of the Rhine Palatinus inferior Rheni Psaltz die Rhein or Nder Psaltz Germanis Palatinat du Rhin Gallis This Country before those unhappy Wars betwixt the Emperor Ferdinand the Second and Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine of the Rhiin whereby it was much ruinated was accounted the most fruitful and pleasant through the whole Germany especially for its excellent Rhenish Wines Chief Places are Heidelburg Heidelburga seated on the South-side of the River Neccar in a Bottom amongst Hills It was a University ever since the year 1346 founded by Rupert Count Palatine and much frequented In the great Church was kept that famous Library which was afterwards carried to Rome and added to the Vatican Upon the Town-house is a Clock with divers motions This Elector Carolus Ludovicus is Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter Great Treasurer of the Empire and together with the Elector of Saxony Vicar of the Empire By the Treaty of Munsâ—er 1648 he was restored to the Lower Palatinate In his Palace or Castle of Heidelburg are divers things remarkable viz. the Grotes and Water-works The Great Tun which contains about 200 Tuns Other places are Manheim Manhemium a Town and strong Fort at the Confluence of the Neccar or Necker and Rhine The Bridg over the Moat of the Cittadel into the Town is also remarkable Not far hence stands the old Castle Psaltz whence the Palatinates seem to have their Name of Psaltz Grave Within the Limits of this County and intermingled with the Lands of this Prince Palatine are the Bishopricks of 1. Spiers Neomagus of Ptol. Noviamagus Ant. Nemetes Caes Plin. teste Rhenano Spira Italis Spire Gallis famous for the Imperial Chamber there kept fixed at Francfort in the reign of Maximilian the First afterwards at Worms and now lastly in the year 1530 translated hither 2. Of Worms Borbetomagus Ptol. Bormitomagus Cit Vangionensis Wormensis of Ant. Latino rec Wormacia famous for the many Imperial Parliaments there formerly held as aforesaid near which place Adolphus Earl of Nassaw and King of the Romans was slain in the year 1292 by Albert Duke of Austria There is also belonging to this Bishoprick of Spire Odenheim or Udenheim Ger. Philipsburg Gal. Neomagus Ptol. teste J. Heroldo taken by the Germans from the French 1675. West of this Palatinate if not belonging to it is Zuueybrucken Incolis Deuxponts Gallis the chief City of the Dukedom of the same Name by others called the Dukedom of Biponts Charles Gustavus was Son of John Casimer a younger Brother to the Duke of Zuueybruck but whether it belongs to the Swedes or Prince of Newburg do not certainly find I think it was taken by the French much about the time that the Prince of Lutzelstein received a French Garison 1674. To this also let us add the Lantgraves of Darmstad Of ALSATIA SOuth of this Palatinate lies the Province of Alsatia Elsass or Elsatz Germ. Alsace Gallis a Country that scarce yieldeth to the best in Germany for pleasure and fertility abounding with Corn Wine and sundry sorts of delicious Fruits It is divided into the Upper and Lower Alsace to which the French Geographers add Suntgow and Brisgaw though all other reckon the latter to belong to the Circle of Schwaben Chiefer Towns in the Lower Elsatz are Weissemborg Alba Sebusiana seu Wissemburgum Hagenaw Hagenoia once both Imperial Towns now subject to the French as is Zabern Taberna Ant. once the chief Seat of Justice of the Bishop of Strasburg But the chief City of all Alsatia is Strasbourg populous strong and well built The Church is one of the Wonders of the World for the bigness the sumptuousness and the marvellous height of the Steeple 574 foot and the inimitable Structure The Arsenal is also very considerable and well provided with all sorts of Ammunition and Arms yet surrendred to the French 1682. The Argentoratum Legio Octava Augusta Ptol. Argentoratum Cit. Argentoracensium Ant. Argentina Italis A Bishops See and Imperial City In the Higher Alsatia are Schlestat Sclestadium Elcebas of Ptol. Ant. Colmar built out of the Ruines of the Argentuasia of Ptol. Ant. Destroyed by Attilas and the Huns. Ensisheim the Uruncis of Ant. The Upper Elsatz belonged wholly to the Arch-Dukes of Austria the Lower to the Bishops of Strasbourg Both challenged the Title of Lantgraves But since the Treaty of Munster the French have enjoyed the greatest part Chiefer Towns in Suntgow are Mulhausen a Town Imperial confederate with the Switzers Montbelliard Mons Belligardus Montpelgard Germanis stands upon the Confines of Alsatia and Burgundy and was subject to the Duke of Wirtemburg until it was seized upon by the French it is noted for its strong Fortress and for a Dispute between Beza and Jac. Andrea alias Schmidliaus Chief Towns in Brisgow or Brisigavia beyond the Rhiin are Friburg Friburgium a University built by the Duke of Zeringen 1112 now possessed by the French not far from whence are to be seen the Ruins of Zeringen Castle from whence the ancient Dukes were Entitled Brisach Mons Brisiacus Ant. a Fortress then of the Romans now of the French. Come we now to the Estates beyond the Rhine under which we will take in Franconia Hassia and Westphalia Of the Circle of Franconia THE Circle of Franconia is divided into three parts viz. 1. Into Ecclesiasticks 2. Lâ—ick 3. Imperial Cities So that 't is governed by many distinct Princes some of greater others of less power and Dominion but the Title of the whole is given to the Bishop of Wurtsburg A Country hedged on all sides with Forests and Mountains within plain healthy and pleasant tolerably fruitful with Corn and Wine The chief of the Ecclesiasticks are first the Bishop of Wirtzburg Bisthumb Wurtzburg incolis Evesche de Wurtsbourg Gallis Whose chief places are Wurtzburg Herbipolis quasi Herebipolis Wirtzburg quasi Mustopolis olim Marcopolis Paeapolis teste Irenico Artaunum Ptol. teste Petro Apiano seated upon the Main in a pleasant Plain environed with Meadows Gardens and Vinie Downs 2. The Bishop of Bamberg Gravionarum Ptol. teste P. Apiano Bamberga Pamberga Papeburga in Script German This City is large fair and entirely Catholick The Bishop is the first of the Empire it acknowledgeth no Metropolitan but depends immediately upon the Pope 3. Mergentheim Mergetheim Morkenthal Mariental Mergethum seu Mariae Domus the Residence of the Great Master of the Teutonick Order These were some German Gentlemen who waited upon the Emperor Frederick the First in his Expedition to the Holy Land who
the loss of Martial Guebriant 1643 for being a Retreat to the Cimbri when beaten by the Romans Wimpsel or Winfelun signifying Weibspris for the unheard cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here Fortune triumphed over Valour and Magnus Duke of Wirtemburg died in the Battel 1622. Lastly to name no more Guemund Gaudia mundi noted for its Turnaments and otherdastimes Of BAVARIA THE Circle of Bavaria Bayern incolis Baviere Gallis Baviera Hisp Italis Olim Boioaria Vindilicia is divided into the Dutchy and Palatinate The Dukedom is divided into three parts the Higher the Lower and the Bishoprick of Saltzbourg a district and distinct Jurisdiction of it self The Higher Bavaria is generally overspread with Woods cold and barren The Lower somewhat more fruitful and abundantly more pleasant In the Upper Bavaria chief places are Munchen Monachium or Munick upon the River Iser the Residence of the Dukes of Bavaria and one of the fairest Palaces in Europe enjoying a most sweet and happy Situation among the Woods Gardens and Rivers famous also for its seizure by the King of Sweden who found a vast Treasury herein In the Lower Bavaria are 1. Ingolstat Ingolstadium a noted University founded in the year 1471 and is famous for putting the first Affront upon the King of Sweden in Germany and forced him to raise the Siege by Lewis Duke of Bavaria 2. Regensperg or Regensbergh Ratisbona famous for the Diets held there and for its long Bridg a fair and large City beautified with a great number of Churches Chappels and other places dedicated to Religious uses 'T is a Bishops See and Town Imperial 3. Passaw Patavium Boiodurum Ptol. Ant. and Batava of the Author of the Notitia then a Garison-Town of the Romans the station of the Cohort of the Batavians now a Bishops See seated at the meetings of the Rivers Danube Inn and Ills and divided into three Towns Passaw Instat and Ilstat Donavert was a Free City till the year 1607 at what time it incurred the Imperial Ban or Proscription which was executed by the Duke of Bavaria who brought it into Subjection and holds it still under his Laws Confined withâ—n the Dukedom of Bavaria lies the Archbishoprick of Saltzburg of a dry Rocky and barren Soil some fresher Vallies excepted rich chiefly in Minerals The only Town of Note is Saltzburg Salisburgum al. Juvaria of Ant. Castrum Juvaviensi of the Notitia the Mansion then and fixed Residence of part of a Cohort of Roman Soldiers now an Archbishops See whose Revenues are the largest in all Germany seated upon the River Saltzach where lies Interred the Body of Paracelsus The Country of the Upper Palatinate or Nortgow from the more Northern Situation of it as to the Dukedom is a Country rough and hilly rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron Amberg Amberga Cantiaebis Ptol. teste P. App. upon the River Ills enriched chiefly by the Commodity of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills The Castle of Luchtemburg mounted upon a Hill gives Name to the Lantgraves so called Newburg upon the Swartzach is the place whereof are stiled the Princes Palatine of Newburg The second Branch of the House of the Elector of the Rhine to whom this Palatinate did belong but in the year 1623 the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate with the Electoral Dignity from Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and the Munster-Treaty conferred to Bavaria the first Electorship and an eight place was new erected for Charles Lewis of the Rhine provided that if the Gulielmine Branch happen to fail before the Rodolphine the latter shall re-enter into their ancient Electorship and the new created one shall be wholly abolished The only Arch-Dutchy in Europe is Austria or Oost-reich divided into the Upper and Lower Austria and hath united to it as Hereditary possession of that House the Provinces or Dukedoms of Stiria Carinthia Carniola the County of Tirol with that of Chilly and Marquisate of Windish-Marck Of AVSTRIA THE particular Dukedom of Austria extended on both sides of the Danube is a Country pleasant healthy and abundantly fruitful in Corn and excellent Wines It s chief Cities and Places are 1. Vienna Juliobona Ptol. Vendum Strab. Vindibona Ant. Vnidomana of the Author of Notitia Ala Flaviana Fabiana Heyl. Wien Ger. Wetsch Petz Turcis Berch teste Brown. Viena Italis Wiedun Polonis Widen Bohemii Vienne Gallis the Metropolis of Germany seated upon the South-side of the Danube the greatest River in Europe In Circuit about 5000 Geometrical paces It is Famous for her University for four great Piazza's adorned with Marble Fountains and Statues for its Cathedral of St. Stephen whose Steeple is about 465 foot high consisting of hewen stone and carved into various Figures of Men Birds and Beasts the Emperor's Treasury the Arch-Dukes Gallery the Treasury of the Church and the Sepulchre of Otho The Arsenal the College of the Jesuits the Church and Convent of the Benedictines of the Dominicans and of the Franciscans are worthy of Remarque Within the City there was also the Hochbrug or High Bridg which is made by the crossing of two Streets at equal Angles the ground of one Street being as high as the tops of the Houses of the other so that to continue it they were forced to build a Bridg or Arch in the lower Street to pass over In the Suburbs the greatest Curiosities were the Favorith or the Empresses Garden that of the Bishop and of the Earl of Thaun of the Prince of Ausburg and others the Church and Monastry of the Carmelites of the Augustines the Hermitage of the Capuchins and the Spanish Monastry Remarkable also for plenty of Wine of Craw-fish and Sallets in Winter 'T is likewise accounted the Bulwark of this Country against the Turks being as strong as well Fortified built with part of the Money obtained for the Ransome of Richard the First King of England taken Prisoner in his return from Palestine by Leopold the fifth Duke of Austria Famous for the Repulse it gave Solyman and the whole power of the Turkish Empire when of 200000 Men he brought before it he carried away but 118000 Anno 1529. And as Famous for this last Repulse of September the 12th 1683 for being closely besieged by the Prime Vizier with 200000 Turks Tartars Cossacks and Hungarian Malecontents on the 12th of July 1683 and as valorously defended by that Magnanimous Hero Ernestus Rudiger Count Starenbergh as Governour was then manfully relieved by the Invincible Prince John King of Poland the Electors of Bavaria and Saxony the Duke of Lorrain Prince Waldeck P. Salme P. Louis of Baden and the Marquis of Brandenburgh Baraith c. During this Siege the Turks were said to have lost 70000 and in the Battel more then 20000 men that the Christians lost 10000 or 15000 during the Siege and about 3 or 400 on that great and Signal Victory when the Turks formidable Army was totally
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
into three Parts 1. Lega Della Casa Dio or Foedus Domus Dei. 2. Lega Grisa 3. Dicci Dritture or Foedus decem Jurisdictionum Sion Ital. Sitten Ger. Sedunum Caes Plin. is the chief Town of Valesiae or Wallislands reaching along the Course of the Rhosne A Bishop-See seated upon the Rhosne in a Plain under a steep biforked Mountain spiring up in manner of two high and precipitious Rocks upon the top of the one is the Cathedral Church and the Houses of the Canons upon the other which is much higher The strong Castle called Thurbile in Summer-time the pleasant Recess of the Bishops the Key of the Country Martinack is the Octodurus of Caes Civit. Valensium Ant. St. Mauriaz Agaunum now St. Moritz closed with a Castle and two Gates upon the Bridg and the Mountains which shut up the Country which is within most pleasant fruitful and happy in Corn and excellent Pasture where is also Salt Springs discovered An. 1544. near Sitten Also divers Fountains of hot Medicinal waters Without the Country is environed with a continual Wall of horrid and steep Mountains The surprise of it alarmed all Europe when seized upon by the Count Fuentes for the King of Spain Mellingen Bremgarten and Meienberg chief Places of Wagenthal lie upon the Russ River Biel appertaineth to the Bishops of Basil Newenburg to the House of Longeville in France both confederate with Bern. The chief Places of Targow are St. Gal seated amongst Mountains not far from the Rhine and the Lake Bodenzee or Constance The City is Rich and well Governed inhabited by an industrious People in making Stuffs and Linnen Clothes From the famous Monastry hereof are named the Abbots Princes of the Empire and of great Power and Reverence in this Country Frawenfeld is the chief belonging to the confederate Cantons Chief Places in the Italian Prefectures are Locern Lorcarnum seated in a pleasant and fruitful Plain betwixt high Mountains and the Head of the Lake Magione the Verbanus Lucas Strab. Plin. and Of the SEVENTEEN PROVINCES Or the LOW-COUNTRIES BY the Latins that Tract is called Belgium from the Belgi the most Potent People heretofore of all these parts which upon the Confusion of those Ancient Limits of Germany and France did contain 17 distinct Estates or Provinces It is also called Germania Inferior by the English the Low-Countries by the Dutch Netherlandt by the Italians Spaniards and French Flanders from whence the Inhabitants were generally called Flemmings 'T is a Country seated very low between the Banks of the Rhine and the Sea-shore from which 't is Defended by extraordinary Charge and Industry with Banks and Ramparts For Hubandry 't is the best cultivated for multitude of Towns and Villages the best Peopled for their neatness the most Remarkable and by reason of their several Manufactures the most Rich of any Country in Europe 'T is bounded on the North with the German or British Ocean which also separates it from Great Britain on the West and on the South and East it borders upon France and Germany The Ancient Inhabitants were partly Subdued by L. Drusius in the time of Augustus Caesar the other were before overcome by Julius Caesar After which subjection they remained under the Roman Empire until the Expiration of that Empire when they were involved in that Publick Calamity under the Victorious French who here succeeded the Romans the whole was contained under the Name and Kingdom of Austrasia or Oostinreich After that the French Monarchy became divided amongst the Posterity of the Emperor Lewis the Godly this part hereof broke into sundry new Principalities and Governments and became divided into 17 States or Provinces whereof some Entitled their Governours Dukes others Earls others Lords Their Names are these Four Dukedoms Brabant Limburg Luxemburg and Guelderland Seven Earldoms Holland Zeland Zutphen Flanders Artois Hainault and Namur One Marquisate of the Holy Empire comprehending Antwerp Five Signories or Lordships Malins Vtrecht Over-Yssel Friesland and Grâ—ningen Two of these Flanders and part of Artoise appertained to the Soveraignty of the Kings of France quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain by Henry the Second French King in the League of Cambray Brabant Flanders part of Artois Limberg with Malines and the Marquisate of the Sacred Empire became added to the Dominion and Family of Burgundy by Philip the Hardy Holland Zealand West-Freisland Hainalt Luxemburg and Namur by Philip the Good Gelderland Zutphen Vtreicht Over-yssel and Groningen by the Emperor Charles the Fifth Since this Union they were Governed in manner of Free Estates by their Princes and Magistrates making a distinct Nation and Commonwealth by themselves Duke Charles the Fighter Prince hereof had an intent to unite the parts then under his Government into one entire Kingdome by the name of Burgundy But the Provinces being Soveraign and had their several Laws Priviledges c. this project took no effect In the reign of Philip the Second King of Spain Heir of the House of Burgundy and in the year 1566. began those memorable Civil broils so long afflicting those rich and flourishing Countries continued with the spoil and ransacking of all their chief Towns and Cities with the unspeakable misery and calamity of a bloody War of 48 years a War which cost the King of Spain the Lives of 600000 men and 150 Millions of Crowns and England not fewer than 100000 men and above a Million of Money At last part of the Provinces were forced to continue under the Spanish Yoak and part recovered their Liberty so that now there are in the Low Countries two Estates or Dominions far differing one from another for the one is a Republick or rather several Republicks United and Confederated in one and therefore called the Vnited Provinces and commonly from the Principal Province Holland The other for the most part did belong to the King of Spain as Heir to the House of Burgundy and is called the Spanish Provinces or Flanders but of the late Years the French King hath Conquered most part thereof As the Country is divided so is also their Religion for the Spaniards strictly follow the Romish and the States-General indulg the free Use of all Religions but countenance only that of the Reformed Churches according to Calvin The Men for the most part are well proportioned unmindful of good Turns and Injuries of good Invention Frugal and of indefatigable Industry The Women generally of good Complexions Familiar Active Laborious and conversant in Affairs in the Shops and Houses Their Language for the most part is Dutch with little difference in the Dialect but in the Provinces adjoining to France they speak a corrupt and imperfect French from their Language called Walloons The Air is Temperate and more wholesome than formerly the Winter more long than cold and the Summer like the Spring in Southern Countries The Soil towards Germany is Woody and Hilly but towards the Sea full of Pasture and Meadow-ground which breed great
store of Cattel which make Cheese and Butter plentiful Of the UNITED PROVINCES Or Dutch Republique The Vnited PROVINCES Vulgo HOLLAND by Robert Morden THE Vnited Provinces are so called because of the Union which they made together in the Year 1579. They are Seated toward the end of the two Rivers the Rhine and the Meuse in the Northern part of the Low-Countries between the Dominions of the King of Spain in Flanders and many principalities of the Empire The Princes of the Empire which are Neighbours to them are the Duke of Newburgh in his Dutchy of Juliers the Elector of Brandenburgh in his Dukedom of Cleves the Elector of Cologn the Bishop of Munster the Count of Bentheim and the Prince of East-Freezlande in the Territories of the same Name The Vnited Provinces which formerly acknowledged the King of Spain afterwards became Independent or to speak more properly so many Commonwealths of themselves which yet all together make up but one Republique â—nder the Title of The Vnited Provinces of the Low-Countries so that the Dignity remains with the States-General but the Absolute Authority in Matters excepted in the Alliance abides in the States of every Prâ—â—ince The Arms of this Commonwealth is a Lion holding a Bundle of seven Arrows close tyed together in allusion to so many Provinces Confederated by the same Alliaâ—â—e And yet these Provinces have not been always so well United but that they have sometimes rather â—â—sembled a Body with so many Heads some of which looked one way and some another There is no Dominion in the World of so small an Extâ—nt that has so great a number of Fortresses and which seems to be better Defended by the Natural Situation of the Country it self for it is Fortified by the Sea and several Rivers that is to say the Rhine the Meusâ— the Waal the Issel c. Besides the Vnited Provinces and the Territories belonging to them the States have certain Towns in Brabant and Flanders They have in Flanders the Sleuce Middleburgh Ardemburgh the Sass of Gaunt Axel and Hulst In Brabant Lille Bergen-Opzoom Breda Boisleduc and Grave They had also Dalem and Fauquemont in the Dutchy of Limburgh and Maestricht in the Bishoprick of Liege but those places have been won from them by the King of France only Maestricht is restored and at this present in their possession In Germany they had upon the Rhine Orsoy Wesel Reez Emeric and Genep in the Dutchy of Cleves and Rhineberg in the Electorate of Cologne But those places are returned to their right Owners Upon the edg of Westphalia they have a Garison in Embden and in the Forts of Fideler and Leer-ort which belongs to the Prince of East-Friesland Of these Vnited Provinces four lye toward the West Holland Zeland Vtrech Guelderland and Zutphen Three to the East Overyssel Friesland and Groningen In their Assemblies these Provinces have always given their Voices in this Method Guelders and Zutphen first then Holland Zeland Vtrech Friesland Over-Yssel and lastly Groningen with the Ommelands Each Province sends their Deputies to the Hague where they compose three Colledges or Assemblies the States-General the Council of State and the Chamber of Accompts In the Assemblies of the States-General it behoves all the Provinces to give their Consent in general and particular to the Resolutions there taken there being no such thing among them as Plurality of Voices Gueldres takes place first as being the Eldest and because her Plenipotentiaries first propos'd the Union The Admiralty sits in five places and has five Magazines at Roterdam Amsterdam Horn or Enchysen Middleburgh and Harlinghen the three first in Holland the fourth in Zeland and the fifth in Friesland The Earldom of Holland and Zeland together with the Neighbouring Country of VVest-Frisia was given unto Theodoric Son to Sâ—gebert Prince of Aquitania by the Emâ—eror Charles the Bald. By Arnulph their fourth Prince quitting the French Allegiance they were first made subject to the Soveraigntâ— of the German Emperors In John the Second became added to the House of Hainalt In William the Third to the House of Bavaria In Philip the Good to that of Burgundy In Philip the Second to that of Austria In whose reign after forty years War they were acknowledged a Free Estate by his Son Philip the Third The Province of Holland is of most Power and Consideration as giving Name to all the rest It is Situate very low and therefore fenced with Banks and Ramparts to keep out the Sea it is also fenny and full of Marshes and therefore trenched with innumerable Dikes and Channels to make it fit for Dwelling Remarkable indeed is the Industry and Trade of the Inhabitants that having little or no Corn yet they are always provided not only with sufficient for their own Use but to supply their Neighbours Having no Timber of their own they spend more in Building of Ships and fencing their Water-courses than any other Country And having no Flax or Wool they make more Cloth of both sorts than all the Countries in Europe except England and France The whole compass of this Earldom is not above 180 miles but in breadth no where above three hours Journey from the Sea It contains 23 Walled Towns and 400 Villages the chief whereof are 1. Amsterdam Situate on the Lake or Sea called Tie and the Dike or Channel called Amstel in Latin Amstelodamum Amsterodamum built upon Piles like Venice and by the late Addition of the new to the old may now vie with the richest and fairest Cities of the World â—amous for its great Trade to the utmost parts of the Earth and as 〈◊〉 to some for its Toleration of all Religions 'T is the Market or Shop where the Rarities and Commodities of all Countries are exposed to Sale. Dort Dordracum Situated upon four Rivers hath the first Voice as the Town where the Earls of Holland and their Subjects reciprocally bound themselves each to another There it is that they Coin their Money and their Magistrates have the Privilege to go with one of their Guards In the Year 1421 of a City upon the Continent it became an Island through a most Dreadful Inundation that Drowned about 100000 People and 80 Villages pleasant and large Harlem Harlemum is the place where they make their finest Linnen Cloth and the whitest in the whole Province Famous for the Invention of Printing by Lawrence Jans and its Inhabitants for breaking the Pelasian Chain The Duke of Alva having taken it committed very great acts of Bloody Cruelty therein Delpht Delphi Delft is the Burying-place of the Princes of Orange and of great Trade for Cloathing famous for the Story of the Storks who covering their young ones in the fire-time all perished in the Flames and infamous for the Birth of David George who called himself King and Christ who died in 1556 at Basil and three years after his Bones were taken up and burnt Leyden Luddunum Batavorum is the Eye or as others will have
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ— Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâ—â—â— and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is 〈◊〉 a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
without stout Men good Horses Wines and Convenient Rivers Once well stored with Mines of Gold and Silver but those now decayed or lost and the People gross and Rude addicted to Wine and false in their Promises It s chief places are Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom bravely resisting the Power of Amurath the Second and Mahomet the Great repulsed by the Valour of Hunniades at which time Mahomet himself was wounded in the Breast lost his Ordnance and 200 of his Ships destroyed by a Fleet which came from Buda but taken by Solyman 1520. Seated she is upon the confluence of the Danube and the Savus having the great Rivers Tibiscus the Dravus and Morava running into the Danube not far from it as brave a Situation for Trade as any Inland place in Europe It is now adorned with two large Bezesteâ—ns or places where the Richest Commodities are Sold with a Noble Caravansara and Moschea with a Metreseck or Colledg for Students Zenderin Singâ—dunum Ant. Semendera Lat. Simedro Graec. taken by Amurath the Second 1438. Soph. Scupi Ptol. by the Turks called Vrchupia a City of great Trade Seated in the Reinotest part of Servia or Moesia Superior or rather on the Confines of Macedonia It is a fair and large Town having a great Number of Moscheas once a Bishop's after an Arch-Bishop's See now noted for a great many Tanners that make Excellent Leather Great Actions have been hereabouts performed in the times of the Romans especially by Regillianus Hereabouts also stood Paroecopolis and Vlpianum of old Jagodna is pleasantly seated in a fair Country half way from Vienna to Constantinople Halli Jahisar is a considerable place where there is a Church with two fair Towers Lescoa or Lescovia seated upon the remarkable River Lyperitza the Maeaneder of Moesia The Hills between Servia and Mercedonia are a part of Mount Haemus of which the M. Clissura one of the Spurs or Excursions shines like Silver consisting of Muscovia Glass Vrania is a strong Pass which the Castle commandeth and locks up the passage into Macedâ—â—ia The chief Rivers of Servia are 1. Morava Moschius of old is divided into two Streams the one named Morava di Bulgaria the other Morava di Serâ—i which uniting run into the Danaube at Zenderin so that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria are carried into the Danube and so dispersed in Hungaria Austria c. Not far from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Hunniades who with 10000 Horse set upon the Turkish Camp by Moon-light slew 30000 and took 4000 Prisoners and Remarkable Lyperitza the Maeander of Maesia which Dr. Brown saith that in less than twelve hours they passed it 90 times Of Bulgaria BVLGARIA is a Country generally full of Woods and Desarts the most unpleasant and unpeopled of all the Dacian Provinces but the lower parts not without some Plains and Valleys The Inhabitants of a Natural fierceness yet patient of Toyl and Labour It s chief places are Sophia Procop. Sofia Italis Sophie Gallis the Tibisca of Ptol. teste Nig. Mol. the Seat of a Beglerbeg under whom are 21 Sangiats Seated in a long and fruitful Valley three miles distant from a high Mountain covered with Snow all the year It is Beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths a stately Colledg and fair Mosques Axiopolis Galacz teste Laz. Flotz Merc. Colanamik Baud. on the Banks of the Danaw which from this Town begins to take the Name of Ister Mesembria Situate on the Euxine Mercianopolis much mentioned in the Stories of the Goths for the Fights and Battels they had there with the Emperor Claudius Nicopolis by the Turks Sciltaro teste Leunc Nigeboli memorable for the Founder of it the Emperor Trajan more for the many great Battels fought near unto it whereof one was by Sigismund the Emperor and King of Hungary who with an Army of 130000 Christians Besieged it and Bajazet came to the Relief of it got the Victory with the loss of above sixty thousand Turks killed 20000 Christians and most of the rest took Prisoners The Second between Michael Vaivod of Valachia and Mahomet the Third over whom Michael got a Remarkable Victory Varna the Dionysiopolis of the Ancients on the Euxine Sea Remarkable for the first flight of Hunniades and the Death of Vladislaus King of Hungary 1444. Silistria the Ordinary Abode of a Turkish Bassa Ternova the usual Residence of the Princes of Bulgaria Budina once of great Importance but burnt to the Ground by Hunniades not far from the Old City Oescus Triballorum Acridus the Birth-place of Justinian by the Turks called Giustandil Tomi or Tomos to which Ovid was Banished some say 't is at this day called Tomiswar others would have it to be Kiovia Dinogetia Ptol. Dinâ—gutia Diniguttia Ant. Denigu ex Tab. recens Drimago Nigro Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. Kilia Laz. vulgo Bialogrod Calliacra Laonico Pandalla Nig. Istropolis Plin. Ptol. Istros Strab. Istria Arriano Stravico Castal Grossea Nig. Prostaviza Baud. much subject to the irruptions of the Dobrusian Tartars Of Greece GRECIA Novae Descriptio Per Robt. Morden London GREECE once the most Celebrated part of the World in the present Latitude and Extent thereof hath for its Eastern Bounds the Aegean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and the Thracian Bosphorus For its Southern the Cretian and the Ionian Sea on the West the Adriatick Sea and on the North only United to the rest of Europe by the Mountain Haemus Confined at first to Attica and the parts adjoyning only then called Hellas from King Hellen the Son of Ducalion the Inhabitants Hellenes in Sacred Writ and Greece from King Graecus the Son of Cecrops the first King of Athens communicated afterwards to Thessaly to Peloponnesus then to Epirus and lastly to the Macedonian Empire The first Inhabitants of Greece did live each under their proper Magistrates in several Cities until Philip King of Macedonia clearing his own Country of the Iberians Subdued Achaia Thracia and a great part of Peloponnesus And succeeded by Alexander his Son who retained his Father's Conquests and Vanquishing Darius the great King of Persia and other Kings of India Founded the Grecian Monarchy but in the height of his Successes died being Poysoned at Babylon Afterwards the Romans became Masters of it and after that the Goths and Huns did rather Harrass than Inhabit Lastly the Saracens now the Turks and the Victorious Venetian share it under their Obedience Hence it is that Greece hath lost its former Division of Countries and their Names and received new that which was particularly called Greece is now called Livadia Peloponnesus Morca Thessaly Janna Epirus Canina Macedonia is divided into four parts that next Janna is called Camenolitari that which Borders upon Dalmatia is called Albania that next to Thrace is named Jamboly and the midst of the Country retains its Old Name Macedonia Lastly Thracia is now called Romania The Grecians once a
Homolus Steph. Omolium Liv. a City and M. in Thessaly vide Virgil. L. 7. Aeneidos now Lamina teste Mol. Lastly Janna which gives Name to the Country an Arch-Bishoprick that hath under it four Bishopricks Argiro-Castro Delvino Butrinto and Glykaeon Doliche Ptol. is the Techala of Merc. Briet Alchria Villano Trica or Tricca once the Bishoprick of Heliodorus the Author of the Ethiopick History Of EPIRVS THE Province of Epirus now Canina rather Chimera L' Arta teste Baud. is Mountainous and barren languishing under the Turkish Tyranny Divided by some into Chaonia Thesportia Acarnania Aetolia But by Brietius into Chaonia Thesportia Cassiopaea Acarnania Amphilochia Athamania Delopia and Melossia once a Country very populous until Paulus Aemilius destroyed 70 of their Cities in one day Places of most note were Dodona memorable for the Temple and Oracle of Jupiter situate in a fair Grove of Vocal Oaks Ambracia Caes Cic. Strab. Ampracia Herod now L' Arta the Regal Seat of King Pyrrhus accounted by Hannibal next to Alexander the second great Soldier of the World. Actium near Cape Figula nigh unto which Augustus and Antony fought for the Empire of the World. Nicopolis now Prevesa built by Augustus yielded to the Venetians 1684. where were 200 Turks who were conducted near to Arta 44 Pieces of Cannon 18 of Brass and 1200 Inhabitants which remained whereby the Turks have lost 100000 Crowns yearly by the Fishery And after the taking of Sancta Maura by General Morosini he caused his Troops to make a descent at Dagomestro who advanced 50 miles into the Country and Ruined the whole Province of Acarnania and burnt two great Towns called Vragosi and Zapandi and several Villages Cassiope now Joanna or Joannina said to be the Metropolis of the Country which I suppose to be the same with Janna in Thessaly Hecatompelon in the Wars of Cyprus called Supoto now Chimera Torone now Perga Buthrotus now Butrinto belonging to the Venetians Anactoria Plin. c. now Vonizza teste Soph. Vodizza Leunc In this Province is Mount Pindus Sacred to Apollo and the Acroceraunian Mountains the Rivers Acheron and Cocytus said to be the Rivers of Hell and here was Olympias the Mother of Alexander born Of ACHAIA THE Province of Achaia once called Hellas Graecia teste Plinio Livalli Rumelia teste Castaldo of old divided into Boeotia Attica or Hellas Megaris Phocis Locris Ozolae Doris Aetolia Opunorum regio Now by the Turks called Livadia a Country famous in the Authors of the ancient times for the Gallantry of its men and for the Stateliness of its Structures Places of most note in Attica were 1. Athenes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Athini vulgarly called Setines in Lat. 38 degr 5. min. A City heretofore adorned with all those Excellencies of strength and beauty which Art or Cost could add unto it a large rich and stately City the Nursery of Learning and the Source of all Arts and Sciences once called the famous Athens the City of Theseus Built by Cecrops and ruled by Kings 550 years then by Archontes for 600 years then by the thirty Tyrants till expelled by Thrasibulus and by the help of Epaminondas it obtained the Soveraignty of Greece and many Isles of the Egaean Sea for 70 years till it submitted to Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great Afterwards was much destroyed by Sylly but restored by Adrian the Emperor and afterwards received various Fates till it was enslaved by Mahomet the Second 1455. now taken from them by the brave Morosini 1687. The Inhabitants are now according to Esq Wheeler's Description 1675. about 10000 three parts Christians the rest Turks who permit no Jews to live among them 'T is an Archiepiscopal See and has the Bishops of Salona Libadia Granitza and Thalanta under it It affords a vast number of Antiquities viz. the Temple of Victory by the Turks made a Magazine for Powder The Arsenal of Lycurgus Minerva's or Parthenions Temple Demosthenes Lanthorn the Octogon Tower of the Winds Theseus Temple Adrians Pillar the foundation of the Areopagus the Theater of Bacchus the Temple of Jupiter Olympus Lastly the Aeropolis or Castle on the South of the City upon a hard Rock and inaccessible on all sides save the West S.W. from this Cittadel is the Hill Musaeum and the Mount Anchesimus now St. Georgio And S. E. from Athens is Mount Hymetus now Televouni Lambrarouni where is plenty of Bees and Honey All Provisions of Flesh Fish Fowl Corn Wine and Oyl are cheap here Their Merchandizes are Oyl Turky-Leather Raw Silks Pernocochi Cake Soap Honey Wax c. The Town hath eight Platoma's or Parishes and about 50 Parish-Churches 150 Chappels and several Convents It s two chief Ports are Portus Pyraeus now called Porto Lione by the Franks Turcis Dracona more South Port Munichia now Hagio Phalaras Portus now Port Nicolo Other places in Attica are 1. Marathon famous for the Marathonian Bull slain by Theseus and for the defeat of the Numerous Army of Darius by Miltiades now a ruined Village 2. Eleusis or Eleusin Cic. Strab. now Lepsina buried in its own Rubbish it lies at the Foot of the M. Kerata or Gerata Here was the Temple of Ceres her Sacrifices called Sacra Eleussinia and her Mysteries unclean and Devillish and once the Fortification of the thirty Tyrants of Athens A mile off West is the Spring 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Floridas where Ceres sat weary with the search of Proserpina and North is the Eleusinian Plain and the Cytheron now Elitita Mountains 3. Phyle now Bigla Castro or Casha Wheeler was the place where Thrasibulus began his Exploit of Expelling the Thirty Tyrants and delivering his Country 4. Panormus Strab. Ptol. a Sea-Town now Porto Raphai Soph. whence the Athenians sailed to Delos to carry the Presents to Apollo sent from the Hyperboreans 5. Brauron now Vrannia where was the Temple of Diana 6. Rhamnus now Taura Castro or Hebraeo Castro famous for the curious Statue of Nemesis 7. Pallene now Angelopico where the Athenians have their Country-Houses 8. Pentelicus Mons now Pendeli where is a Monastery of 100 Caloires on a Mountain of curious Marble in which are Grotta's incrusted with curious Congelations 9. Promontorium Sunium now Cape Colonni from the white Pillars of Minerva's Temple yet standing and the Town Sunium one of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Burgess-Towns of the Athenians Places in Boeotia are 1. Thebes Tiva Soph. Stives Stibes Baud. rather Thiva Wheeler in Lat. 38. degr 22. min. Built by Cadmus teste Isodore and fabled to be walled with Amphions Harp. Famous in old time for the Wars of Eteocles and Policines Sons of Oedipus Here lived Pelopidas and Epamonidas who overthrew the Lacedemonians at the Battel of Leuctra and Mantinea Northwards is the Thebean Lake now Hylica Palus 2. Aulis now Aulide is famous for the Grecians Shipping out for the Trojan War. 3. Lebadea not Lebadia teste Baud.
Glory of Argia this is now the chief the Anaphia of Herod Xenoph. Strab. Nauplia Ptol. Napli Soph. built by Nauplius King of Eubaea the Son of Neptune and Amimone and Father to Palamedes About two miles in Compass almost surrounded by the Sea and defended by a Castle as the Harbour is by a Fort built upon a Rock about 300 foot into the Sea so that both Nature and Art have conspired to render it strong now an Arch-Bishoprick and the Residence of the Governour of the Province Containing 6000 Greeks besides a great number of other Inhabitants first taken 1205. by the Venetians joyned with the French taken soon after by King Giovanissa who left terrible marks of his rage and fury by putting the whole Garison to the Sword and sacking the Town Assaulted it was by Mahomet the Second with a powerful Army but in vain so Solyman also had no more fortunate success but by agreement obtain'd it from the Republick These two last places are all that the Turk now have in the Morea so that the Venetians are now Masters of all that Country Argos of this Name are three Cities in Greece viz. 1. Argos Amphilochium in Epirus now Anfilocha 2. Argos Pelasgicum in Thessalia now Armiro 3. Argos Peloponnesiacum once Phoronia Jassia Hyppobole Diposa or Dipsion Seated on the River Inachus now Planizza Soph. not far from the Ruins of the Ancient Mycenia Founded by Inachus in the year of the World 2197. and continued for 546 years under Kings then a Commonwealth now only retains the Name of its passed Glory though seated in a delightful Plain about 24 miles from the Sea abounding with Wine and Oyl and all sorts of Grain and defended with a Castle seated on a Hill. Here King Pyrrhus was killed with a Tile from the hands of an Old Woman Trapolizza Megalopolis Polyb. Strab. Christianopolis dicta teste Baud. Leondari or Leontari Soph. by the Turks called Mora Orta the Center of the Morea the chief place in the once famous Arcadia the Birth-place of Polybius the Historian Corinth the Corinthus of Strab. and Polyb. Ephyro Lauremb by the Inhabitants Coranto and by the Turks Gerame In the Lat. of 38 degr 14. had its foundation from Aletes who lived in the time of Cecrops 3066. So advantageously seated in the midst of the Isthmus that some have called it the Eye of Greece others the Bulwark of the Peloponnesus and the splendor of Greece This City formerly so rich and Magnificent is now nothing more than a wretched Remnant of Wars and of Time and hath preserved nothing more of its pristine Grandure than its own Ruins The famous Fortress of the Acrocorinthus the Guard of Corinth must not be passed by without a particular Remembrance Built upon the point of a high Rock and strengthened with a stout Wall very strong both by Art and Nature yet after the taking of Lepanto the Serasquier being terrified by the Venetian Forces had set fire to it and left it where the Venetians found 45 Brass and 4 Iron Guns 1687. Thus have I as briefly as possible given an Account of the chief Cities now extant in the Morea the Stage and Theater of Action in the late Wars The chief Mountains in this Peninsula are the Foloe or Phole Mountain near which was seated the City of Olympia famed by the Poets for the Country of the Centaurs slain by Hercules after his being Victorious over the Nemaean Lion the Lernan Hydra and the Erymanthan Boar. Cyllene Mons at the top whereof are yet to be seen the Remains of the Temple of Mercury Lyceus Mons memorable for the Sacrifice of the Tyrant Aristarchus made to the publick Rage of the Lacedemonians Menalus Mons for its shady Groves and refreshing Air Dedicated to Pan. Mons Sepia for the Death of Epites stung by a Serpent Montes Poylizi for Diana's Temple called also Stymphalides Mons Mintia or Mitena which gives a Prospect to the Gulph of Coron where the proud Fanes of Pluto and Proserpina once stood At the foot of Mount Nonacres at the foot whereof roul the fatal waves of Styx Lastly the Taygeta Sacred to Bacchus Ceres Apollo and Diana Chief Rivers are Alpheus Ptol. c. Carbon or Darbon vulgo Orfea Soph. much famed by the Poets who tell us also of its Subterraneous passage to its beloved Fountain Arethusa in Sicily Eurotas now Vassalipotamos Iris Niger Hemerus Plut. it runs by Misutra and falls into the Gulf of Colchina in Summer very dry and shallow but in Winter sometimes overflowing its bounds Inachus now Plannizza once Cramavor then Haliacmon called Inachus from the Son of Oceanus and Thetis whose story is well known I must not forget the River Pamysus Strab. Plin. Amathus Panysus Ptol. Stromio Niger Tifeo Giovio which falls into the Gulf of Coron All Europe affords not a place comparable to this pleasant Peninfula It s fruitful Plains flourish with plenty adorned with the charms of variety It s high Hills though thought unpleasant objects for their cragginess yet endowed with excellent Plants and delicious Fruits and its Climate is soft serene and temperate Here we may have the Melancholly view of the Imperial Seats of the Corinthians Lacedemonians Syconians Mycenians Elians Arcadians Pyleans and Messenians now lying buried in their own Ruins Of the Islands in the Aegean Cretan and Ionian Seas THE Islands that are adjacent to Greece are 1. Such as are in the Archipelago or the Aegean Sea which are about 43 and of late years have had 1450000 Inhabitants that paid the Harach or Pollmoney to the Turks few or no Turks live in them because of the Corsairs Being Christians they are subject to the Metropolitan of Scio and are governed by their own Archontes and admire their own poor Freedom 2. The Isles of the Cretan Sea that are the Bar of the Arches 3. The Islands of the Ionian Sea now are all under the Venetian Of the Aegean Isles THE chief of these Islands are 1. Negropont by the Greeks called Egripos but formerly Macris Abantis and Eubaea it lyes East of Achaia from which it is said to be once separated by an Earthquake which made the narrow Strait called Euripus whose ebbing and flowing is not only seven times a day but sometimes 11 12 13 14 times in the space of 4 or 5 hours This Island is Queen of the Aegean Sea as well for fertility as greatness about 100 miles in length and 25 in breadth and is plentiful in Sheep Kids and Goats Fish Wine and Fruits and all other Provisions The chief City is Negropont or Egripos n a Peninsula near the place where Chalcis stood a place formerly of great wealth and power and since so well fortified that it cost the Turks A.D. 1471. 40000 men in the taking of it from the Venetians there S. Erizzo was murdered and his beautiful Daughter Signora Anna refusing the splendid Courtship of Mahomet was hewn in pieces by him 2. Caristus now Caristo
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
Bagdat Tygris Hidekel Ebraeis Tegil Castal Pinero Diglath Josepho descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes the Ruines of Niniveh receives the Branches of the Euphrates and diseharges itself into the Persian Gulph Phasis or Fassa hath its Head in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and runs its Course towards the North and after it hath passed 100 Bridges falls into the Euxian Sea. Araxes Arass Achlar Leunc Cajacz Thev runs Eastward and joins itself with Kur or Cyrus whose Rise or Spring is from the other side of the Mountain Mingol and then falls into the Caspian Sea. Since these Rivers have here their Springs Sanson tells us That if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise was placed it was rather in this Country than in any other But Sir John Chardin makes the River Phasis to arise from the Caucasus Mons about 350 Miles distant and to run South into the Pontus Euxinus The Armenians are generally of a healthy strong and robustious Bodies their Countenance commonly grave their Features well proportioned and of comely Personage but of a Melancholy and Saturnine Air. In their Humors Covetous and Sordid Heady and Obstinate of a dull and stupid Apprehension unless in Merchandize and Trade Yet 't is observed That those that are brought up in other Countries are of a more acute Understanding pleasing and merry in Behaviour but the Women are commonly ill shaped long nosed and not so much as tolerably handsom Ric. Armenia was conquered in the Year 1515. by Selimus the First and annexed to the Ottoman Dominions yet the Armenians pretend they cannot be made Slaves by reason of certain Priviledges which their Predecessors obtained from Mahomet when they assisted him to settle his Empire upon which consideration most of the Merchants of Turky go by the name of Armenians The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs the chief of which resides at Etchmeasen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard Changlee Chilse by the Turks or Ouch Chilse from the Three Churches which are there built in a Triangle about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan The chief Places now are Erzirum Theodosiopolis P. Gillio Sinera Minadaio Aziris aliis a Frontier Town and Great Thorough Fare the Residence of a Basha The Houses are ill built of Wood without any Order or Proportion where are some Remains of Churches Tavineer tells us That though it be very cold yet Barley grows there in 40 days and Wheat in 60. Erez after Garisoned by Mustapha was taken by Storm and was Witness of Emirhamz first Contest with the Turks Cars Carse or Charsa Leunc a large City but thin peopled seated in a good Soil the Rendezvous of the Grand Signior's Army A days Journy from Kars are to be seen the Ruines of a great City called Anikagee strongly situated in a Mersh Tav Rivan or Erivan is seated in a plentiful Country now belonging to the Sultan of Persia being taken by Sha Sefi who put all the Garison to the Sword. 'T is famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine not far from this City are to be seen the Ruines of the ancient Artaxata the Seat of the ancient Kings of Armenia teste Tavernier So that Teflis in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients as in our Geographical Dictionaries Nassivan or Nachavan the Nexuana of Ptol. according to the opinion of the Armenians is the most ancient City of the World three Leagues from Mount Ararat the place where Noah lived after he came out of the Ark. There is seen the Ruines of a great Mosque which they say was one of the most stately Buildings in the World erected in memory of Noah's burying place In the Canderan Plains not far from Nassivan was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Turks and Persians where both the Emperors Selym and Ismael were present Van the Artemita Plin. Artemitta Strab. Artemidita Ptol. is a great City upon the side of the wide Lake Arcissa or Arsanias now Lake de Vastan seated on the Top of a high Mountain and is the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Betlis by some said to be the Tigranocerta of Plin. Tac. belongs to a Bey or Prince of the Country who neither acknowledges the Grand Segnior nor the Persian Sultan It is situate between two high Mountains guarded with a Castle and Draw-Bridge The Bey besides the strength of his Passes is able to bring above 25000 Horse besides Foot into the Field Near this place the Persians obtained a great Victory over the Turks in which were slain five Sanziacks 800 Janizaries 20000 Soldiers 40 pieces of Cannon taken and Solyman's Seraglio in which were Beauties he not a little doted on when Ebrahim Bassa was strangled by a Mute Old Julpha or Zulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians which Sha Abbas carried into Persia and is thought to be the Ariammene of the Ancients Astabat a League from the Aras the onely Country that produceth the Ronas Root whose use is to dye Red and for which there is a vast Sale all over Persia and India Marante is famous for the burying place of Noah's Wife Sophiana is more like a Forest than a City The Convent of St. Stephens near Naksivan was the retiring place of St. Matthew and St. Bartholomew in the time of their Persecution a noted place for Devotion Of GEORGIA Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies Georgia so called by the Grecians from the word Georgoi which signifies Husbandmen Some will have this Name derive itself from that of St. George the Patron Saint of all the Christians of the Greek Church Under the general Name whereof we comprehend Mingrelia Gurgistan Zuiria and Comania Provinces which the ancient Romans could not subdue by reason of the ruggedness of the Mountains which were known to the Ancients by the Name of Caucasus made famous by the Fable of Prometheus Mingrelia with Avogasia are the same with Colchis or little more Famous for the Amours of Jason and Medea and for the Conquest of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts Gurgistan is the ancient Iberia Zuiria answers to the ancient Albania and Comania or Carcassia composeth some part of the Asiatic Sarmatia on the South of Don. The ancient Kingdom of Colchis was not so small as now 't is reckoned when it extended from the Palus Maeotis as far as Iberia whose Capital City was also so called where our modern Geographers place Fasso The Corax and Phasis famous Rivers in ancient History now called Codours and Rione serve for its Bounds in Length 110 Miles in Breadth about 60. It is now divided into three parts viz. Mingrelia Guriel and Imiretta Mingrelia Odische Incolis is a Country full of Hills and Mountains Vallies and Plains almost covered with Woods The Air is temperate but very moist and unwholsom in regard of
the extreme wet Weather so that in Summer the moisture of the Earth being heated by the Sun causeth frequent Pestilences and other Diseases very dangerous to Strangers It abounds with many Rivers which fall from the Mountain Caucasus and discharge into the Black Sea viz. Codours the Corax of the Ancients The Tacheur which Arrian calls Sigamus The Socum supposed to be the Terscen of Arrian and the Thasseris of Ptol. The Langur the Astolphus of old The Kelmhel or Cobi of Arrian The Cianiscari Cianeus of the Ancients The Scheniscari or River Horse by the Greeks Hippus The Abascia or Glaucus of Strabo the Caries of Arrian and the Caritus of Ptol. These two Rivers intermix with the famous Phasis about 20 Miles from the Sea. The Phasis by the Turks Fachs by the Inhabitants Rione at the Mouth is about a Mile and half over There are several small Islands in the Mouth of it upon the biggest of which Sultan Morat built a Fortress in the Year 1578. when he attempted the Conquest of that Country the Ruines of which are now to be seen but no Remainders of the Temple of Rhea to be seen which was Consecrated to the Worship of Christ in the Reign of the Emperor Zeno nor any Ruines of the ancient Sebasta or the famous Colchis now to be seen And the City Fasc placed where Cholcis stood by our late Geographers is also a great mistake teste Sir John Chardin who was upon the place The Country produceth little Corn or Pulse the Fruits are most wild and unwholsom that which thrives best is the Grape of which there is great Plenty and the Wine most excellent strong and a good Body pleasing to the Taste and comfortable to the Stomach so that if the People knew how to make it rightly there would be no better in Asia Their usual Grain is Gom which is as small as Coriander Seed and very much resembles Millet which is sowed in Spring-time after the same manner as Rice by making a hole in the ground with their Finger then put in the Grain and cover it which produceth a Stalk like to the Sugar-Cane at the end of which there is an Ear that contains above 300 Grains This boiled into a Paste is the onely Bread of all the Inhabitants of the Black Sea from Palus Maeotis round to Trebizond Besides this Gom they have Millet Rice Wheat and Barley which two last they sow upon the Ground without plowing for the Ground is so soft that it takes root a Foot deep in the Mold and comes up without any trouble The ordinary Food of the Country is Beef and Pork very plenty and so good that the World affords no better Their Wild-Fowl is good but scarce Their Venison is the Wild Boar the Hart the Stag the Fallow Deer and Hare which are most excellent There are Partridges Pheasants Quails and Wild Pidgeons in abundance In the Mountains of Caucasus are bred great numbers of Eagles and Pelicans Hawks Hobbies and other Birds of Prey and other strange Fowl unknown in our Parts And the Forests produce a number of Wild Beasts as Tygers Lions Leopards Wolves and Chacals At Pigivitas is a Church with three Bodies where they say St. Andrew preached in that place and the Catholicos once in his Life goes thither to make the Holy Oil. In Mingrelia are neither Cities nor Towns only 2 Villages by the Sea-side Isgaour is the chief Port and grand Market of Mingrelia Anarghia is the most considerable Village built where stood the ancient Heraclea But all the Houses are scattered up and down in the Country that you cannot travel a Mile but you shall meet with three or four together There are about nine or ten Castles at the chiefest whereof called Ruos the Prince keeps his Court. 'T is surrounded with a slight stone Wall and guarded with a few Cannon but the rest of the Castles have none Sapias is the name of two Churches one of which belongs to the Theatines The Mingrelian Men are endued with all mischievous qualities there is no wickedness to which they are not inclined All addicted to Thievery which they make their Study Employment Pastime and Glory Assassination Murder Lying are esteemed noble and brave Actions Drunkenness Fornication Adultery Bigamy Incest are Virtues in Mingrelia Other wise good Soldiers well shaped Ride a Horse well and handle their Lance with an extraordinary dexterity The Women of Quality are very handsom and well shaped having Features and Glances very charming and obliging naturally subtle and quick of Apprehension extremely Civil and Complemental otherwise the most wicked in the World. Haughty perfidious deceitful cruel and impudent to procure their Lovers or to destroy them The Education of Children in Mingrelia is the most Lewd and Vicious in the World their Fathers bring them up to Thievery and their Mothers to Obscenity The Inhabitants of Caucasus that border upon Colchis are the Alanes whose Country was formerly the Northern Frontier of Armenia The Suane's the Gigue's the Caracioles by the Turks called Cara-Cherks that is the Black Circassians by reason of the Fogs and Clouds that darken their Sky though else they are the fairest People in the World. Formerly they were Christians and yet retain some Relicks and Customs of it but now profess no Religion but live by Robbery and Rapine ignorant of all Arts and Sciences more tall and portly than other People furious in their Looks and their Dispositions and Courage no less savage the most daring Robbers and most resolute Assassins in the World. The Nagayan-Tartars for the most part inhabit the Champaigne Land about Astracan living in Tents fenced with Stakes and Palisadoes to secure themselves from the Assaults and Insolences of Night Robbers and the Kalmuc Tartars who oftentimes surprize them unawares and carry away both Men and Cattle The Country of Guriel is very small separated from Mingrelia by the River Phasis And in every thing as to its Nature and the Manners of its Inhabitants it resembles Mingrelia for they have the same Religion Customs and the same Inclinations to Lying Robbery and Murther Gonie is a large Castle four Square built of hard and rough Stones of a great Bulk seated upon the Sea-side it hath four Walls and two Gates but no Trenches nor Fortifications belonging to the Prince of Guriel distant from Phasis about four Miles Akalzike is a Fortress built upon the Descent of Mount Caucasus seated in a hollow place among Hillocks fortified with double Walls and flanked with Towers both built with Battlements after the Ancient manner defended with a few Guns and is the resiâ—â—dence of a Turkish Bassa Adjoining to this Fortress is a large Town consisting of about 400 Houses all new and of a late Erection inhabited by Turks Armenians Georgians Greeks Jews and Christians Imiretta is called by the Turks Pachatchcouk or Pachakoutchouk the Little Prince is a Country full of Woods and Mountains but the Valleys are lovely and the Plains most
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
John de Acre or Jerusalem by Emanuel the Greek Emperor in the year 1308. but in the year 1522. after it had been defended against the Infidels 214 years it was taken by Solyman the Great and after six Months Siege it was surrendred Villerius being the great Master to the general dishonour of the Christian Princes in their tardy Succors 13. Cyprus of old Crypta or Crypton Ptol. It was also called Cerastis Cethin Cethina then Amathusia Paphia Salaminia Macaria Citherea Achamantis Asperia Collinia Erosa It is in circuit according to Strab. 427 Miles To Plin. 375. From the rocky shore of Cilicia 60 Miles and from the Coast of Syria 100. During the Empire of the Persians and Macedonians it contained nine Kingdoms but by Ptol. divided into four parts Salamina Amathusia Lapatha and Paphia so named of their principal Cities 1. Salamis Ptol. Salamine Plin. was built by Teucer when banished by his Father Telamon Afterwards called Constantia Steph. but destroyed by the Jews in the days of the Emperor Trajan And lastly by the Saracens in the Reign of Heraclitus from the Ruines whereof the Hamacostas Fama Augusta now Famagosta was erected by King Costa the Father of King Katharin famous in Story for the unfortunate Valor of the Venetians under the Command of Signior Bragadine against the furious Assaults of the Army of Selymus II. conducted by Mustapha who caused them all to be murdered but the Governor whom he flead alive after the Surrender of the Place upon honourable Conditions In Lapathia where once stood Tremithus Trimethus Ptol. Tremisausa or Tremituge Soph. now stands the Regal City of Nicosia Leucasia Leucotheon Graec. Ledrinsis Leutheon Soph. of a circular Form and five Miles in circumference taken by the aforesaid Mustapha Ann. 1570. with an uncredible Slaughter North of this and upon the Sea stood Ceraunia or Ceronia Cirynia Plin. Carynia Cerinium Ortel now Cerines erected by Cyrus a strong place yet yielded to the Turks before it was besieged Amathus now Limiso Sacred unto Venus and wherein the Rites and Sacrifices of her Adonis were annually celebrated said to be built by Amasis who was the first that conquered Cyprus Our late Navigations tell us that Larricho is the City from whence our Merchandize comes that is laden at Port Salines or Larneca so called of the abundance of Salt that is there made and here the Turk first landed his Army the chief Port in Cyprus Further Westward is a Promontory in form of a Peninsula now called Capo delle Gatte formerly Curias from a City not far distant of the same Name now called Episcopia On this Promontory is the Ruines of a Monastery of Greek Coloieros who breed up Cats to destroy Serpents and to return home upon the Sound of a Bell and therefore by some called the Cape of Cats Phrurium Promont now Bianco is the place from whence they were thrown that but presumed to touch Apollo's Altar in the adjoining Grove Paphos Nova Ptol. Nea Paphos Plin. Palaepaphos Strab. Mela Paphium Polyb. now Buffo or Bapho built by Agapenor five Miles from the old Paphos said by Ovid to be built by the Son of Pigmalion by his Ivory Statue such said to be in regard of her Beauty Others say it was built by Cyneras Father and Grandfather to Adonis who having sworn to assist Menelaus with 50 Ships sent him only one with the Models of the other in Clay to colour his Perjury Both places famous for the Worship of Venus and the Sacrifices which her Votaries of both Sexes did perform in their natural Nakedness But her Temples were razed to the Ground by the procurement of St. Barnaby not only here but throughout the Island Eastwards of Capo St. Pifano formerly Pro. Acamas was the City Arsinoe now Lescare Lusig or Crisoca Alessendretta renowned for the Groves of Jupiter This Island boasts of the Births of Asclapiades Solon Zeno the Stoick Apollonius and Zenophon A Country abounding with all things necessary for Life and therefore called Macaria and afforded matter to build a Ship from the bottom of the Keel to the top of her Top-gallant and to furnish her with Tackle and Munition In Summer exceeding hot and unhealthy annoyed with Serpents The Brooks for Rivers it hath none are often exhausted by the Sun and for 36 years in the time of Constantine it never rained It was first possessed by the Sons of Japhet paid Tribute to the Egyptian Amasis conquered by Belus and governed by the Posterity of Teucer until Cyrus expulsed the nine Kings that there ruled After the Grecians repossest the Sovereignty and kept it until the death of Nicocles then it fell under the Government of the Ptolomi's then the wealth of it allured the Romans to make a Conquest of it restored to Cleopatra and her Sister Arsinoe by Antonius but he overthrown it was made a Roman Province and with the Transmigration of the Empire submitted to the Bizantine Emperors governed by a Succession of Dukes for 800 years when conquered by our Richard I. and given in Exchange for the Titular Kingdom of Jerusalem unto Gâ—y of Lusignan in whose Family it continued until Ann. 1473. It was then by Catharina Cornelia a Venetian Lady the Widow to King James the Bastard who had taken it by Force from his Sister Carlâ—tte resigned to the Venetians who 97 years after lost it to the Turks under whose Yoke it now groaneth 'T is for the most part inhabited by Greeks whose Ecclesiastical Estate is governed by the Archbishop of Nicosia and the 3 Bishops of Famagosta Paphus and Amathus It s chief Mountain is Olympus containing 50 Miles in its Basis now called the Mountain of the Holy Cross cloathed with Trees and stored with Fountains and Monasteries possessed by the Greek Coloicres of the Order of St. Basil Its Commodities are Oil and Grains of several sorts Wine that lasteth for eight years Raisins of the Sun Citrons Oranges Pomgranates Almonds Figs Saffron Coriander Sugar Turpentine Rhubarb Câ—lloquintida Scammony c. Cotton Woolls Chamolets Salt Sope Ashes There are Mines of Brass some Gold and Silver Green Soder Vitriol Alom Orpiment White and Red Lead and Iron divers kinds of precious Stones viz. the Emerald and Turky Thus having described the chief places of the Ottoman Empire I shall also give a short account of their Government Policy Religion c. In order whereunto we need not so much regard their first coming out of Scythia Anno 577. nor when they seized on Armenia Major giving it the Name of Turcomania Anno 844. nor when Tâ—ingrâ—liâ—ix overthrew the Persian Sultan 1030 nor yet when Cutlu Moses revolted from him and made a distinct Kingdom in Arabia But when Ottoman by strange Fortunes and from small Beginnings swallowed up the other Families into the Ogusian Tribe and united them into one Head Anno 1300. from thence must we deduce the first Foundation of the Ottoman Empire They had then no Government but what was
Joktheel 2 Kings 14.7 The Soldans of Egypt for the exceeding strength thereof kept therein all their Treasures Of this place see more in the Description of Canaan and the bordering Countries Bostra now Bussereth is a place of good Esteem I suppose the same with Petra Tor or El Tor upon the Red Sea is a pitiful Haven defended by a Four-square Castle near to it are found Champignons petrified white Coral Seal-skins Small Oysters and somtimes Sea-Monsters like Men. They report that this was the Haven Ezion Geber from which Solomon sent his Ships for Ophir Mount Horeb and Sinai are famous in Scripture Arabia the Desert or Beriara is a place almost quite destitute of Water or if there be any Wells the Water is for little service Ana upon the Euphrates the place where the Grand Signior's Tribute is paid as the Lord of the Country is the best place in it There is one King in Arabia that has a moving and portative City that is to say it consists in Tents which he can command them to carry where he pleases Sumiscasac is thought to be the ancient Saba whence the Magi set forth to adore Christ and the Queen to visit Solomon But Sir Thomas Herbert tells us That after the Flood Nimrod Sovereignizing at Babylon his Brother Havilah seated his Colony in Susiana Seba Raamah and Sabbata in Arabia Seba or Sheba fixed on the Western Coast adjacent to the Red Sea where he built a City after his own Name from whence the Queen came that visited Solomon as he supposeth That Sabata planted the South-part of Arabia and Raamah or Rhegma on the North-East part towards Balsera where they built Cities after their Names mention'd Ezek. 27. In these parts was the Wilderness where the Children of Israel wandered 40 years Here Moses established Ecclesiastical and Political Laws Here was the burning Bush the Water-bearing Rock the Mountains of Sinai and Horeb and Mount Hor where Aaron died The Happy Arabia Hyaman or Aiman Gemen or Giamen Turcis Marmotta Sarracenis Sabaea Plin. carries that Name as being a more fruitful Soil than either of the two It breeds excellent Horses Manna Cinnamon Myrrhe Balsam Benjamin Incense and other Perfumes so that if Aromatick Gums Succulent Fruits Fragrant Flowers and such sort of Delicacies please thy Sense say Arabia is the Phoenix of the East and with Danaeus The Epitome of Delight and with St. Austin Paradise The Air is temperate and healthful The Country enriched with pleasant Streams and Fountains whose Waters are Medicinal Aden is a Town of great Trade standing in a little Peninsula at the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Castles towards the North and a small Fortress at the Entry into the Haven The Portugueses when they first setled themselves in the Indies had a design to make themselves Masters of this City as also of Ormus and Malaca But the Turk prevented them from taking Aden the King whereof they hung at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Gally Since which some other Revolutions have happen'd so that the Natives of the Country have again dispossessed the Turks Mecca and Meâ—ina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans For which they that make them are in high esteem among the rest They go particularly to Mecca to pay their Devotions to a Four-square House which they call The House of God and pretend the same to have been built by Abraham This City containing about 6000 Houses stands about a days Journy from the Red Sea being the place where Mahomet was born whose Body was afterwards translated to Medina upon the discovery of Albuquerque the Portuguese's design to have surprized the Port of Ziden otherwise Gidde with an intention to have carried away that Mahometan Relique The Country about Mecca produceth abundance of that sort of Berry of which Coffee is made Kufa or Kalufa the Holy City called Rastack when walled by Omir the Burial place of Mortis-Ali Saint King and Prophet of the Persians Medina is three days Journy from the Red Sea the burying place of Mahomet as the Turks pretend The Sepulchre or Tomb wherein Mahomet lieth is enclosed within an Iron Grate and covered with Green Velvet which is every Year made new and sent by the Grand Signior the old one being by the Priests cut in little pieces and sold at great Rates as Reliques to the Pilgrims In the Temple where this Tomb is placed there are said to be 3000 Lamps of Gold and Silver wherein is Balsam and other rich Odors Ointments and Oils continually kept burning They would impose it for a Miracle that his Tomb should hang in the Air by means of the Loadstone But besides that there is no such thing were it true there were no wonder in it For Democrates the Athenian by the Order of Ptolomy King of Egypt undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron and to hang it up in the same manner And in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Air by the force of a Loadstone being a rare piece of Workmanship The Prince of Mecca called Sultan Sheriff is one of the most potent Princes in all Arabia His Residence is usually at Almacharana seated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult access Sanaa is one of the greatest fairest and strongest Towns of Arabia adorned with Vineyards Meadows and Gardens Dafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea next to Zibit near the mouth of the Red Sea which is Fair Rich and of great Trade for Drugs Spices Perfumes c. Once the Residence of a Turkish Beglerbeg before that the Seat of a King beheaded by the Turks at the same time when the King of Aden was hanged at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Ship. The Ports of Dolfar and Pescher are most renowned on the South-Coast for Frankincense The Grand Signior the Persian Sophi and other Mahometan Monarchs oft-times send him Presents and the first allows him also some part of the Revenue of Egypt because he is of the Race of Mahomet and to oblige him to be kind to the Pilgrim Turks Fartach a Kingdom and City near the Sea Caxem Gubelhaman Alibinali Amanziridin Masfate Mascalat and Jemen are so many Sultanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia Mascate or Mascatsaif not far from Rozelgate Corodanum Ptol. Macin Amian thought to be Rhaguma Rhegma of Ptol. the Raamah of Ezek. 27.22 formerly belonging to the Portuguese had for a long time all the Trade of the Indies to Mecca through the conveniency of the Cities Elcatif or the ancient Gerra which communicates its Name to the Persian Gulph and Labsa or Lazarch Sohar in the Eastern part had also formerly the Trade but since the same hath been translated to Ormus and Gombron Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open City indifferently well built and fortified with a small Castle In it there live Jews Persians Armenians Indians and Banians So that it is a Town of
spent 12000 Talents or 7 Millions of Crowns Then did the Altar smoke with Incense and the Doctor was offered up in Sacrifice and the dead Corps worshipped as a Deity It is a great City without Walls thought to be the Rages in Tobit the best half of it is in Gardens seated in a large and fair Plain 30 Miles in compass Here dyed Sir Robert Shirley and Sir Dodmore Cotton the Ambassador who went for Persia Anno 1626. having no gilded Trophies to adorn their Sepulchres only their Virtues which will out-last those bubbles of Vanity Here also dyed Abbas the Persian Monarch in the Year 1628. Sauvay Herb. Saba de Val. a City pleasantly seated upon a rising Hill in a fruitful Country much delightful for aerial Musick especially the Nightingale A Thousand warbling Notes their Throats displays Which their sweet Musick chants as many ways About 11 Leagues from Tauris is a Lake about 15 Leagues compass in the middle of which is a little Hill that rises insensibly out of which there bubble out many little Springs and the Earth which they water is of two strange distinct qualities for one sort serves to make Lime the next to that is a hollow spungy Stone and under that is a white transparent Stone which is only a Congelation of the Waters of these Streams for somtimes you shall meet with creeping Animals congealed therein for one piece sent to Sha Abbas Tavernier offered 15000 Crowns in which was a Lizard about a Foot long Ardevil is not only famous for the Royal Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and other Persian Kings and for the Pilgrimages that are made to it but also for numerous Caravans of Silk which render it one of the most considerable Cities in Persia It is of a moderate bigness seated in a lovely opening of the Mountains the Avenues of it are very pleasant being Alleys of great Trees and is watered with a River that runs thorow the middle of the City Sultany Tigranocerta Tigranopolis and Tigranopetra teste Appiano Sultania Jovio Saua Bonacciolo Bitlis Baud. is a very large City and if you will believe the Armenians they will tell you that there were once near 800 Churches in it Kom Coom Herb. Gauna Arbacta or Coama of old by some Hecatompolis is one of the great Cities of Persia in a fat Country abounding with Rice and excellent Granates that which is most remarkable is a large Mosque where are the Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and Sha Abbas the Second the Tomb of Sedi Fatima the Grand-Daughter of Hali and the Tomb of Fatima Zubra the Daughter of Mahomet Caschan is also a large City and well peopled stored with Silk-weavers which make the best purfled Satins mix'd with Gold and Silver The Houses are fairly built The Mosques and Baths are in their Cupoloes curiously caerulcated with a feigned Torquoise The Buzzar is spacious and uniform The Caravansera is the most stately Fabrick of that kind in Persia Bakuy gives its Name to the Caspian Sea and near to it there is a Spring of Oil which serves all over Persia to burn in Lamps Kirman towards the Ocean affords very fine Steel of which they make Weapons very highly priz'd For a Scymiter of that Steel will cut through an Helmet with an easie Blow Ormus formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom As to the Name it was called Organo and Gera by Verrerius Necrokin by B. Jonas Zamrhi by the Tartars Vorocta by Niger Ormusia by Josephus Omiza Pliny Amozon Ptol. Ogyris Theuetus Curtius and Rufus Ternia Strabo where Prince Erythaeus was buried from whom Mare Rubrum had its denomination The Island is about 15 Miles in compass subject to such excessive heats that it produces nothing considerable but Salt and is two good Leagues from the firm Land. There is not a drop of fresh Water in it but what is carried thither In the Year 1507. it was reduced under the Crown of Portugal by Alphonso d'Albuquerque The fair and delicate situation of Ormus for Trade and Commerce as it was the Staple and Glory of the Eastern World has occasioned some to say That if the World were a Ring Ormus was to be the Jewel In the Year 1622. Sha Abbas took it by the assistance of the English commanded by Capt. Weddal and then translated the Trade to Gombron which he called by his own Name Bender Abassi The Portugals lost about 6 or 7 Millions at the taking of the Town Gombrou or Gomrou Hacand Osâ—r since the Fall of Ormus is become a City of great Commerce guarded with two Castles in which are planted 80 pieces of brass Ordnance The Air is so hot and unwholsom that no Strangers can live there above 3 or 4 Months in the Year but for 6 or 7 Months are forced to retire up in the Mountains 2 or 3 days Journy off About 3 Miles from Gombrou is the famous Bannyan Tree of as great Repute as the Idol Oak to our Druidae of old Now all Nations that traffick upon the Indian Seas and Land Caravans carry Commodities thither and bring from thence Velvets Taffaties Raw Silk and other Persian Commodities So that now Ormus is ruined and may well be called Ormah or destruction Baharem upon the Coast of Arabia is the ancient Tylos yet belonging to Persia it is an Island famous for its Springs of fresh Water at the bottom of the Sea For its Pearl Fishery where are found the clearest biggest and roundest in all the Levant The Air is so unwholsom and so hot that no Strangers can live there unless it be in December January and March for the Wind is so sultry and stifling that it suffocates and kills them presently and somtimes 't is so hot that it burns like Lightning But at Bander Congo the Air is good and the Soil and the Water excellent only the Passage for Ships is dangerous and therefore not so much traded to as the other The City Candahur is the chief of one of the conquered Provinces of Persia Sha Abbas left the possession of it to Sha Sefi in whose time Alimerdenkan delivered it up to the Great Mogul But Sha Abbas the Second took it in the Year 1650 under whose power it still remains At Caramon-Shashoon of old Counstia was decided that Famous Contest for the Persian Crown 'twixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus Of Asiatick Tartaria A New Description of TARTARIE by Robt. Morden THis is the Vastest Region of our Continent in Bigness it equals all Europe and contains all those great and spacious Provinces which the Ancients called Seres Scythia extra Imaum Scythia intra Imaum Sucae Sogdiana and the greatest part of Sarmatia Asiatica extending itself the whole length of Asia If we look back to their Original we shall find that they were of all other the most Antient people patient in Labours fierce in War and strong of Body their Flocks and Herds their greatest wealth Silver and Gold they contemned as much as others coveted it Meum and Tuum
those common Barretors and Authors of Debate were not known among them And the ignorance of Vice did as much contribute to their welfare as the knowledge of Virtue doth to others The first grand attempt of these People of which we find any mention was when the Chazari or Chozars in the time of the Emper Iustine overspread all that vast continent between China and Boristhenes conquered part of India all Bactria Sogdiana and made the Persians Tributaries and possessed also Taurica Chersonesus called by them Cassaria or Cazaria The residence of their Prince was about the mouth of the Wolga which the Tartars called Athel a large City of great trade by Nassir Eddin called Belanjar and by him and Abulfeda placed in 46 Deg. 30 Min. N. Latitude which is within a few minutes where Olearius makes Astracan and doubtless may be that which he calls old Astracan These Chazari did continue till about Anno Chr. 900. at which time they gave place to the Comanians or Cumanians a Turkish Nation who inhabited all that Tract of Land from the Neiper unto Turquestan these were almost totally destroyed by the Tartars soon after the death of Ingiz Chan or Cingis Chawn under the conduct of Batu or Bathy Nephew to Hocata the Tartarian Emperor only the King Kuthen escaped with 40000 men into Hungary where they had a Country allotted them called to this day Campus Cumanus Bathy having destroyed the Comanians established his own Dominions and fixed his abode on the East of the River Volga and built a place and called it Serai which was a great and populous City the Ruins whereof are now called Czarofsgorod But when Tamerlan who was Vice Roy or General of those Countries comprehended between the Oxus and Iuxartes had extended his conquests towards Balch and Chorasan the Aria of the Ancients Thuotamisch then Emperor of Serai filled with jealousies of his growing greatness gathered a great Army to invade him whom Tamerlan met on the borders of his own Country and after a most bloody sight gained the Victory after which Success Tamerlan having subdued great part of India Persia Media Armenia Mesopotamia Babylonia and Syria resolved to requite the Invasion of Thuctamish whereupon with an Army of 500000 Men he marched through Media passed the Portae Caucasae now Derbent and over Volga and at last encountered with Thuctamish The Battel was long and doubtful three days without intermission at last Thuctamish was defeated and fled leaving his Country exposed to the fury of his Enemies who demolished Seraie with other Cities on the north and west of the Caspian Sea and leaving the Country a desert they returned into Persia After this devastation these Tartars by discords fell into several divisions and Tamerlan dying his great Empire was also divided amongst his Children so that Tartarie is now divided into several Hords or Tribes but the knowledge we have of them is so little the Ataxie or disagreement and confusion of Authors that write of them so great that I am not a little doubtful what to write of them that may be of any certainty for the Readers satisfaction however in this obscurity we shall follow the light of the best reputed Geographers and say that the Asiatick Tartarie is divided into five great parts The Desert Tartarie Zagathy Tarquestan Northern Tartarie and Kin Tartarie The Desert Tartarie is so call'd because most part of the Lands lie untill'd for the Tartars are a people that hate Agriculture and laugh at Christians for feeding on the Tops of Reeds for so they call our Corn The Inhabitants are divided into several Tribes or Hordes of which the more considerable are 1. the Nogajan Tartars or great Nagoy whose Country is all plain and desert 400 or 500 miles in length between Astracan and Samara and 200 miles in breadth from Astracan to Yeike or Iaick River it hath no fenced Towns or Habitations though formerly there were divers especially that of Czarofsgorod said to have been 20 miles in Circuit seated between the Rivers Volga and Actabon in a fertile and healthful Country and Astracan placed on a rising ground not far from the mouth of the Volga about 50 miles distant from the Caspian-Sea guarded with a strong Castle and encompassed with Water These Tartars are said to be more Tall and Proper than the rest but ill favoured broad Faces flat little Noses small hollow Eyes and of Blackish or rather Tawny Complexion The heat of the Sun for some months of the year is most excessive and the Cold in the Winter no less extream Polygamy is much in fashion amongst them having many Wives according to their ability if one Brother die the other takes all his Wives and if all the brothers chance to die then the Wives are devolved like other Goods and Chattels unto the Eldest Brothers Son not suffering a Married woman in any wise to go out of the Kindred When they remove their Habitation which is usually against the Summer and Winter they carry their Houses in Waggons with four Wheels drawn by Camels 2. On the North of great Nagoy dwell the Kalmuke Tartars in a Country abounding with all things necessary for a comfortable subsistance Their chief Commodities are Sables Martens Black Foxes Squirrils-Skins and other Furs which they exchange with the Russes for Aquavitae Mead and Tobacco Their Chief places are Siberia the head of a Province as also is Tumen Casan and Bulgar are the chief Towns of the Zavolhenses and towards the North lie the Samoides all subject to the Russes the Kalmakes are accounted good Soldiers and their Women are little inferiour in Skill and Valor They own no religious worship except some adoration to the Sun and Moon and for their Diet Horse-flesh is a great dainty and any Carrion is good fare 3. Next to the great Nagoy towards the East is Cassachy Horda or Wild Tartars who march up and down the Country which is very desert much after the manner of the Nagoise 4. Eastward from the Kalmukes towards the South live the Yurgeacheans being a numerous and warlike People governed by a Chan or King. 5. The Caragans lie all along the Caspian-Sea between the River Yaike unto the River Iaxartes a desert and barren Country the People miserable poor very Tawny and ill Favoured having no Town except Presslannes on the south side of Iaxartes Most part of Desert Tartarie is under the jurisdiction of the Duke of Moscovie and yield him great store of rich Furs Zagathy Sacathy Usbeck or Ouzbeg contains the ancient Mergiana Bactria and Sogdiana Mergiana by Pinetus is called Tremighen by Gastald Jeselbash A Country so fruitful in Corn and Wine that Strabo reports how one bunch of Grapes presented to Alexander filled a Baket two Cubits about which encouraged him to found that City Alexandria afterwards Antiochia and Selucia since Indion In this Country some think Noah planted soon after he left the Ark and that he or some to his Memory built the City Nissa
City very fair and pretty intire and has in it the remains of an ancient Palace where was no declination of the Magnetick Needle This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined only some few Houses built of Earth or the rubbish of old Buildings and covered with Thatch or Straw That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding desert where nothing is to be seen on all sides but Mountains and Vallies Dens of Bears Tigers and other devouring Beasts Here and there a poor Reed-hut upon the side of some Brooks The City Vla on the River Songoro Tart. Sumhoa Chin. lies in 44 Degrees 20 Minutes The Needle there declines from the South to the West 1 Degree 20 Minutes and is the fairest in all this Country and somtimes also the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars But Kirin is about 30 miles from Vla upon the River Songoro which takes it Course from the Moun. Champe Famous for having been the ancient Seat of our Tartars That the Moscovites come oftentimes to the River Songoro to fish for Pearles That the Distance of Kirin from Xin-Yam was 1028 Chinese Stadia containing 369 miles the Chinese Stadium being 360 Geometrical paces I shall only add that by this relation it doth appear to me that Niulhan or Niuche must be the same Country which is here called Leaâ—-tuâ— for the Emperors design was to visit the Sepulchres of his Ancestors Of INDIA THE Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul and to the two Peninsulas one on this side the other beyond Ganges and the Islands scattered in the Indian Sea which are all comprehended under the general name of the East-Indies under which Appellation some Authors do also take in all the Oriental part of Asia The old Inhabitants hereof were by Megasthenes said to be 122 several Nations Originally descended from the Sons of Noah before their journy to the Valley of Shinaar and Heylin saith that the Plantation of India did precede the attempt of Babel Its first invasion was by Semiramis with an Army of above four Millions if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus say true who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King with as great an Army by whom she was overcome and slain The next Invasion on this Country was by Bacchus the Son of Jupiter companied with Hercules who by force or by Arts overcame them and taught them the use of Wine Oil and the Art of Architecture After this Alexander invaded India beginning first with Clophae Queen of Magaza After with Porus whom he vanquished and took but giving them their Liberty and Kingdoms again he returned into his own Country after this they lived in peace under their several Kings until the year 1587 when discovered by the Portugals after by the English Dutch c. OF THE Empire of the Mogul EMPIRE de MOGOL by Robt. Morden THis vast Empire comprehends the greatest part of the Continent of India The present Mogul who is the Sovereign derives his Original from Great Temarleng or Tamerlan and is the Eleventh in a direct Line descendent from him there are several Indian Kingdoms tributary to him and he is esteemed the richest Prince in the world and the most potent Monarch of Asia The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Revenues the great Lords are but his Receivers who give an account to the Governors of the Provinces and they to the chief Treasurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer He is also the general Heir to all those to whom he gives Pensions and his Will is a Law in the decision of his Subjects Affairs and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments and not of the Lands which they enjoy Sha Jehan who Reigned Forty years left behind him about 5 Millions and the Throne that he made cost an 160 Millions and 500000 Livres besides six other Thrones set all over with Diamonds Rubies Emralds and Pearls Teste Tav The Mony of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy The Mogul is able to bring 100000 Horse into the Field but his Infantry is very inconsiderable either for Number or Experience He has a good number of Elephants which do him great service for they are sure of foot and lie down and rise up very readily The King is a Turkish Mahumetan nevertheless the most part of his Vassals are Pagans But as there are several sorts of People so likewise there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them which I shall briefly mention at the end of the Description of the East-Indies The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers They make excellent Bread having Corn and Rice in abundance Victuals in general are very cheap however the Inhabitants are very temperate and sober The neighbouring Country to Tartary is full of Mountains and Forests where the Mogul oft-times takes his pleasure in Hunting there being great abundance and variety of wild Beasts And there it was that Alexander cut down the Wood for the Ships which he sent down the Indus into the Ocean As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none the Moguls having ruin'd all the ancient Cities which according to the Ancients were 30 large Cities 3000 walled Towns and Castles for natural Defence reckoned impregnable which may not be improbable if it were as some affirm the first Seminary or Station of Noah after his descent from Ararat not far hence distant and afterward the delight of Bacchus which some think was the same with Noah and from the wonderful increase of People which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence against Semiramis the Assyrian Empress both Armies containing 3 Millions And so well builded and planted was this part of India that when Alexander by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydaspis entered India Herodotus and Curtius report that Alexander should say He found greater Cities and more sumptuous Buildings in King Porus 's Dominions than he had observed in all the World besides Indus is Navigable from Lahor to Sende the Natives call'd it Pang-ab by reason of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the upper part of its Course which are now called Rauee Behat Obchan Wihy and Sindar by Ptol. Acesines Cophys Hydaspis Zaradras and Hispalis Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold now for its Water which is very pure The Natives hold that it sanctifies them whether they drink or whether they bathe in it There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms the Names whereof are almost the same with those of the Capital Cities viz. Agra Attock Bakar Bakisch Bando Bengala Berar Buchar Cabul Kakares Candahar Candis Canduana Cassimere Chitor Delli Gor Guzarate Haiacan Jamba Jenupar Jesselmere Jesual Maluay Mevat Multan Narva Naugracut Patna Pengab Pitan Sambal Siba Soret Tatta Udessa Teste Thev There are also some petty Territories as the Raja's which are of
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâ—aspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâ—h Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâ—ssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bâ—ngala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
another Quadrangle of 400 paces at the end of which stand three stately Houses Beyond this a third and farther a fourth Court all paved with Free-stone and being 400 spaces square In this stands the Emperor's Throne and four stately Edifices curiously built and covered with costly Roofs adorned with gilded Galleries Beyond this Court are several Orchards and Gardens planted with all sorts of Trees and adorned with curious Buildings And thus flourished the Palace of Pekin rebuilt by the Tartars in Anno 1645. In or near the Place of Paoting the Emperor Hoangti anciently planted the Seat of his Kingdom and on the East-side of the City Hokien stands a great Temple in the middle of which is a stately and great Image Chinting is great and populous Jenkin and Junyping are strong places for the defence of the Empire The Garizon Tiencin lies on the Bay Xang it is a Port or Haven Town to Peking and of a great Trade and on the North-side lies the great Garison Xanghaie on the Island Cue Westward beyond the Province of Pecking lies Xansi on the North whereof lies the great Wall and behind that the Tartar Kingdom of Tangu and the Desert Xamo This Province is divided into five Counties having eighty six Cities and though not very big yet is pleasant The City Taiyven is the Metropolis which for its Antiquity of Building stately and brave Edifices is accounted amongst the best Cities of China At the City Pingiany the Emperor Jau kept his Court within the Walls and without the Gates of Fuencheu stands two stately ancient and magnificent Buildings The Province of Xensi extends to the Kingdoms of Prester John Cascar and Thebet which the Chineses in a general name call Sifan it is a large Province and is divided into eight Counties having one hundred and eighty Cities Sigan is the Metropolis of the whole seated on the River Guei in a most pleasant and delightful place of a noble Prospect and good Trade In the year 1625 a stone was found in digging a Foundation for a house inscribed with the Old Chinese and Syriack Characters which contained the Christian Religion Cungchand Fungciang Hanchung Kingyang and Linyao are the chief Cities of the Countries of the same names Socheu is a strong hold and well fortified and Xancheu or Cancheu is very strong and the residence of a Vice Roy. Xantung may justly be esteemed an Island being washed by the Sea on one side and separated by several Rivers on the other and is divided into six Countries Chinan the Metropolis of the whole Province is very large and full of stately Houses having two Lakes within its walls out of which flow several little streams through the whole City it is also adorned with several stately Temples Among the great Cities of this Province Lincing exceeds in Inhabitants Buildings and Trade but above all for its Porcelane Tower ninety cubits high curiously adorned with Imagery and painting without and within laid with Marble of divers colours smoothly polished on the Top stands an Image cast of Copper and gilt thirty foot high The Province of Honan by the Chineses thought to lie in the middle of the World because it lies in the midst of China it is divided into nine Territories or Countries having one hundred and eight Cities The chief City Caifung lies about two Leagues from the Yellow River whose Water is said to be higher than the City The other chief Cities are Qunte Changte Honan Nunyang and Juning Suchuen is a great Province and separated by the River Kiang and is divided into eight Countries containing one hundred and fifty Cities besides Garisons Cingtu is the Metropolis and lieth in an Island yet includes several Moats over which are many Bridges Paining Xunking Sincheu Chungking Quicheu Luggan are the chief Cities of the other parts of this Province The Province Huqâ—â—ng is divided also in the middle by the River Kiang The Chineses call it the land of Fish and Rice and the Store-house of China and have a Proverb that the rest of the Provinces affords them but one Meal but that of Huquang feeds them all the year long it is divided into fifteen Countries containing one hundred Cities great and small and eleven Garisons The Metropolis whereof is Vuchang on the south shore of the River Kiang Hanyang Siangyang Tegan Hâ—angcheu Kingcheu Jocheu Changxa Paoking Hancheu Chante Xincheu Iungcheu Chingyang and Chingtien are the other chief Cities and Chingcheu is the chief City of a little Territory of the same Name Kiangsi is divided into thirteen Countries contaning 67 Cities the chief whereof is Nanchang once the Metropolis of the Empire Iaocheu Quaâ—sin Kicukiang Kienchang Linkiang Kiegan Kancheu are other chief Cities In this Province near Iaocheu and no where else is that Water to be found which brings Porcelane to perfection especially when they intend it an Azure Vermillion or yellow Tincture The last Travellers into China tell us that Porcelane is made of a particular Sand or Earth which is fetched out of the County of the City Hoiecheu in the Province of Nanking nor is it necessary that the Earth should be buried a whole Age together as others idly affirm for the Chinesâ—s only knead this Sand or Earth together and make Vessels of it which they bake in Furnaces for fifteen days but the colouring of it is one of the chief Arts or Secrets which they conceal from Strangers The Province of Fâ—kien is divided into eight Counties and contains sixty Cities and Towns Focheu or Hocksieu is the Metropolis and chief of the Country it is seated about fifteen Leagues westward from the Sea on the Southern shore of the River Min which with a wide mouth falls into the Sea and brings both small and great Vessels up to the City walls it is populous and of great Trade where the Dutch also had somtime a Factory in the year 1662. The City Chiencheu lies near the Sea in a delightful Plain with a large Bay that the greatest Ships ride close under the walls Chaucheu of great Trade for all rich and foreign commodities Kienning upon the River Min is a place or great Trade for all commodities pass through it Hinhoa is neatly built adorned with many triumphant Arches and Colledges for the encouragement of Learning Xaouw and Tincheu are also considerable Foning is also fair and large lying near the Sea. The Castle Ganhui near Changeheu hath a convenient Haven for Ships And Tinyan is a Fort for the defence of the Sea-coast The Province of Chekiang exceeds all the rest in fertility of Soil delightfulness in Prospects and in plenty of Silk it is divided into eleven great Countries having eighty three Cities or Towns besides unwalled places Castles and populous Villages Hanchew is the chiefest City thought to be the ancient Quinzay Kiahing is moted about with Rivulets of Water full of stately and well built Structures all the Streets are arched under which they walk as in a Piazzo free from
wind and weather Niencheu Kincheu Chucheu Kinhoa Vencheu Ningpo and Xoahing all chief Cities and bravely adorned not far from Ningpo lies Liampo once much frequented by the Portugals The whole Province of Chekiang is every where cut through with Rivers Rivulets and murmuring streams some natural others artificial The chief River Che which gives name to the Country of which they tell us that annually upon the eighteenth day of the eighth Moon which is our October a prodigious Spring-tide happens roaring extreamly in its ascent beyond the loud murmur of Cataracts or Water-breaks and comes with a head high and strangely mounted above the Waters The Province of Nanking by the Tartars called Kiangnan is the second in honour in magnitude and fertility in all China It is divided into fourteen great Territories having Cities and Towns an hundred and ten Nanking or Kiangning being the Metropolis a City that if she did not exceed most Cities on the Earth in bigness and beauty yet she was inferior to few for her Pagodes her Temples her Porcelane Towers her Palaces and Triumphal Arches Fungiang Sucheu Sunkiang Leucheu Hoaigan Ganking Ningue Hoeicheu are also eminent Places and of great Note and Trade The Province of Quantung lies along upon the Sea-shore having many convenient Havens and Harbors It contains ten Counties and eighty great and small Cities Quancheu or Canton by the Portugals is the Metropolis and chief of the Province exceedingly beautified with Pagodes Palaces stately Structures and Triumphal Arches fortified with strong Walls Towers Bulwarks and Redoubts defended by five Castles Of the greatest Trade and the richest in the whole Kingdom The other great Cities are Xaocheu Hoeicheu Chaocheu Chacking Liencheu and Luicheu The Island of Ainan or Hainan is reckoned for the tenth County it lies in the Bay of Tunking separated from China by a Chanel of about five leagues broad where they fish for Pearls it chief City is Kiuncheu or Ingly fortified with strong Walls handsom Buildings and well seated for Trade and the whole Island produceth all Necessaries for human sustenance Southwards of Canton lie many small Islands in the Sea on one of which or rather a little Rock joyned to a great Island lieth the City Macao once possessed by the Portuguese so naturally fortified that 't is almost invincible being defended with two strong Castles against the attempts of an Enemy The Province of Quansi in Bigness plenty of Merchandise and pleasant Fields may compare with the rest It is divided into eleven great Countries which contain ninety eight Cities great and small the chief whereof is Quilia full of stately Structures other chief Cities are Gucheu Kingyang Cincheu Nunning Taping Chingan and others The Province of Quicheu is divided into eight Counties having great and small Cities to the number of eighty one of which Quiyang is the chief Chinyveng Tunying Liping are the next considerable The Province of Junnan though the last in place is not the least in extent and goodness viz. in the abundance of rich commodities 'T is divided into twelve Provinces contaning eighty seven Cities great and small besides thirteen Garisons The Metropolis Junnan boasts to be one of the best and greatest Cities in all China flourishing in Trade and Riches adorned with fair Structures and Temples Jungning Likiang Yaogan Tali Manhoa Kinghung and Lancand are other chief places In short they reckon in these Counties twelve hundred ninety nine Towns two hundred forty seven great Cities called Cheu and eleven hundred fifty two little Towns called Hien yet as big an ordinary City in Europe Martinius sets down thirteen hundred forty eight Towns whereof one hundred fifty nine are great called Cheu and the other Hien There are also great Garisons or Military Countries every one with lesser Garisons under their commands thirty seven in number also several Forts and Castles to the number of one hundred seventy six Besides these Towns and Fortresses China is very full of innumerable Villages and Hamlets so that it appears to be as one entire City Corea is divided into eight Territories On the North it joins to Nieuche in Tartary the South respects the Island Fungma or Quelpaerts on which in the year 1653 the Ship Sperwer of Batavia was Shipwracked and of sixty four men thirty six got to shore who suffered many extreamities and there found one of their Dutch Country men that had been prisoner twenty seven years The whole Country is exceeding populous full of Towns built after the Chinese manner whose Fashions Language Letters Religion and Government the Coreans follow It s chief City is Pinjang but by the aforesaid Dutch mens Relations Sioor was the Royal City from whence in the year 1666 in a Fishermans bark in ten days eight of them got to Gotto Island and from thence to Nengesaque on the Island Dysma The Isle Formosa once Paccand now under the Tartars abounds with Deer wild-Goats Hares Coneys Swine and Tygers the Woods with Pheasants and Pidgeons and the Ground produceth Rice Wheat Sugar Ginger Cinnamon Coco-Nuts and several other necessaries for human Sustenance Their chief practice or special Virtues are Theft Murder and Adultery but if any of the Women prove with Child before they are thirty seven years of Age when they are ready to be delivered the Midwife kneads it to death in the womb They Write Read and have Registers In Anno 1654 hapned a mighty Earthquake which continued seven weeks with little intermissions In December and January is generally the fairest Weather Their greatest Rains are in July and August The Mousons or stormy Seasons begin in October and continue till March which is called the Northern the other or Southern begins in May and holds till September Against the North-East part of Formosa lies a rich golden Mine surrounded by many Rocks from whence in August the Rains wash down great store of gold Oar not far from the Fort Kelang which the Dutch had in possession Taywan or Tayovan upon the Isle Formosa the utmost North-point being distant almost a league but the Southermost point within a Bow-shot of the Land it is about two leagues and an half in Length and a quarter in Breadth on the North-side upon a Sand-Hill stands the Fort Zelandia built by the Dutch 1632 under the Castle Westward lies another Fort guarded by two points of the Sea A Bow-shot distant lies a strong Outwork being the Key to the Castle called Utrecht Eastward from which stands the Town built by the Dutch On the other side on the main of Formosa stands the Fort and Village Sakkam well planted with Cannon but in the year 1661 Coxinga and his Associates being a crew of Rebels Chineses took both the Island of Formosa and Tayoven from the Dutch after a siege of ten Months where Coxinga found ten Tun of Gold forty pieces of Ordnance and other things to a great value Of JAPAN JAPONAE ac TERRAE IESSONIS Novissima Descriptio Robt. Morden THE Island of Japan
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
the Lixos of Plin. Lixa Ptol. Lix Sol. teste Marm. Arais Africanis once greater than the great Carthage the Royal Residence of Antaeus whom Hercules defeated and from whence he brought the Golden Apples gathered in the Hesperides Gardens is now one of the principal Fortresses of the Kingdom delivered to the Spaniards by Muly Xecque 1610. for which he lost his Life by his own People Habat is one of the most considerable Provinces in Fez its chief Cities are Arzilla Zilia Ptol. Zelis Strab. teste Marmol took by the Portugals 1471 but in the Year 1508 besieged by Muley Mahomet and Oataz who took the City and Castle the Portugals securing themselves in the Tower were relieved and retook the City and Castle retaken since by the Xerifs who at present keep it It was oftentimes the retreat or shelter of Gayland in his Wars against Ben Boucan and Taffilette Tangier Tingi Strab. Plin. Tingis Ptol. Tingios Steph. Tangeri Marmol some Writers tell us it was first built by Phut others say it was founded by Syphax Son to Antaeus slain by the Lybian Hercules and called after his Mothers name Tagena but depopulated and ruined by the Civil Wars amongst the Natives After which the Romans making themselves Masters of the Country re-edified or founded this City which gave name to the whole Country of Fez and Morocco called Tingitana Mauritana under whom it continued until the Goths over-ran the whole Country These were dispossessed by the Africans and Arabians first attempted in vain in the Year 1483 by the King of Portugal but in the Year 1508 it was seized by the Governor of Arzilla for the King of Portugal who strongly fortified it In the Year 1661 it was delivered into the hands of the King of Great Britain Charles II. as part of the Dowry of His Royal Consort Queen Katherine Tettuan or Tetteguin is a well built Town and keeps many Christian Slaves Ceuta remains in the hands of the Spaniards The Mountains or Cavila's of this Province are very considerable viz. Angera for Flax and Timber Gazar Ezzaghir once belonging to the Portugals Chebib much enlarged The Province of Errif is very mountainous and woody abundant in Barley Vines Figs Olives and Almonds Gomer is seated on a River of the same Name Terga drives a Trade in Salt Fish Bedis or Belis with its Castle and Palace maintain some Gallies but much molested by the Fort Pinnon de Velez held by the Spaniards in an Island hard by it Mizemma or Bezuma formerly great and well peopled where the French intended to settle a Factory or Trade Of the Mountains or Cavila's that of Beniguazeval or Benzarael can arm 25000 Men and hath a Vulcano which continually casts out Fire It found a months work for Taffilett's Army after he had taken Fez by Stratagem Susaon is one of the most fruitful and most pleasant places of Africa its People under their Xeque keeping themselves in Liberty Gebha or Gebba is the Sestiaria of Ptol. teste Castal but according to Mol. Cabo de tres Forces is the Sastiaria of old And Cabo de tres Forcas is Metagonium Strab. Metagonitas Ptol. Castal and Cabo de Casasa Mol. The Province of Garret lies upon the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea extending to the River Mulvia which separates it from Teleusin its chief place is Melilla Ryssadirum Ptol. Rusader Ant. Rusardir Plin. teste Marmolio now in the hands of the Spaniards taken Anno 1â—97 by John Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia Chusasa was taken before by Ferdinand King of Castile c. The Province of Chaus is very large among its Cities Tezza is the chief esteemed the third of the Kingdom adorned with three Colledges 23 Banians many Hospitals and 100 Mosques or Temples and a magnificent Castle 2. Turret seated on a Hill in the midst of a Plain very advantageously enclosed with strong Walls 3. Dubdu on the side of an high Mountain from which many Fountains descend Among the Inhabitants of the Mountains some are rich and others poor some are fruitful in Vineyards some in Fruits and some in Pastures In this Province is the noted Basket-bridge over the River Sebu the Subur of Plin. Ptol. teste Marmol Cast between two high Rocks 150 yards from the Water Gherseluin is beyond the Atlas Mountains Garsis is the Galapha of Ptol. teste Marm. The Kingdom of Morocco with that of Fez contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is divided into seven Provinces viz. Sus Hea Guzula Morocco Teldes Hascora and Ducala and contains the ancient Mauritania Sitifensis C. Caâ—tin is the Usadium Ptol. teste Baud. Marmol makes Usadium to be C. de Alguer Mercat makes Herculis Promontorium to be Cabo Cantin Sus Province lies about the River Sus and extends as far as Cape Non whose chief City is Taradunt where the English and French Merchants have a Staple for their Sugars the onely Mart-Town of all the Country Tifelfeldt is the Tamusida or Thamuside of Ant. teste Marmol Messa seated at the Flux of the River Sus is composed of three little Cities Tedsa accounted larger but not so rich as Taradant Teient on the Sus is composed of three Towns each distant a Mile from the other having their Temple in the midst The Fortress and City of Guarguessen belongs to the Portugals Aguar is a Promontory of great Importance near which is Sancta Crux built by the Portugals Masagan or Mazzagran Cartennae Cast. Mostagan Marm. Circelli Etrobio The Province of Guzula is not far from the Seat of the ancient Getuly it hath many Boroughs and Towns but no walled Cities or Fortresses said by Sansar to be rich in Mines of Gold Brass Iron c. The Province of Morocco the chief City bears the same Name the Bocanum Hemerum of Ptol. Hisp Marueccos Gal. Maroc teste Nig. Curione and was the chief of the whole Kingdom and once the Metropolis of all Barbary at which time it had 24 Gates in Circuit contained 12 Miles and about 10000 Families strongly girt about with Walls and adorned with many publick and private Buildings especially one Mosque accounted the greatest in the World seated in the midst of the City beautified with a stately high Steeple A Castle as big as a Town in the middle whereof is a Temple on the top of whose Tower are three Balls of Gold esteemed worth 200000 Ducats so fixed by Magick as that they cannot be taken away However now much of its Splendor is lost and a great part of the City is deserted and its Trade decayed Agmet once so adorned with pleasant Gardens fruitful Vineyards and fertile Fields that it was called the Little Morocco Elghiumha is but a small place Imegiagen is seated on an high Mountain as is also Temella Tenozze is a Town of some Note The Province of Hea is mountainous and woody inhabited by an idle and barbarous People its chief Cities are Tednest on the River Sauens the Inhabitants most Jews Hadequis
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaâ—â— or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred â—â—â—ses Darba its chief Town 〈…〉 same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaâ—â— one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorâ—rin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâ—ia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâ—ga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâ—lls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promâ—nt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
Forests that the pleasantness of their Fruits the Verdure of their Herbs and the beauty of their Flowers give refreshment and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long That 't is a Country fertile in Grains rich in Pastures full with Rivers and Lakes stored with delicate Fish and Tortoise that their Honey is Medicinal their Balm excellent for Wounds that they have inexhaustible quantities of Ebony and Brazil store of Cacoa and Tobacco plenty of Sugar Canes and Rocon for the dying of Scarlet besides Gold Silver and other Metals which are found there That they observed an hundred and fifty different Nations upon and about the Banks of the Amazone of which the Homagues are excellent for their Manufactures of Cotton Cloath The Corosipares for their Earthen Vessels The Sarines for their Joynery Work. The Topinamubes for their power As for the Amazonian Women from whence it is pretended this River took its name many and strange Relations have been writ of them All I can find of it is that when the Inhabitants were in Arms at the arrival of the Spaniards there were some Women so couragious as to be amongst them but never any Country of such and therefore as fabulous as those of whom the Greeks have formerly writ such wonders Of PERV PERV is a name so remarkable that under the same many times all the other parts of Southern America are comprehended It lies almost all under the Torrid Zone and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our Hemisphere that lie under the same Zone There are in it three sorts of Countries very different the one from the other the Plain the Hill and the Andes The Plain lies near the Sea nothing delightful being sandy and subject to Earthquakes The hilly Country consists of Vallies Hills and Mountains where it is very cool The Andes where it almost continually rains are very high Mountains yet fertile and well peopled The Plain is not above twelve Leagues broad the Hilly Country twenty and the Andes as broad as that So that under the name of Peru are comprehended more Lands than are subdued by the Spaniards The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country where they have particularly fortified Arica being the place where the Merchandises of Lima and the Wealth of Potosi are brought They invaded this Kingdom under Pizarro in the year 1525. But the Civil Wars that ensued hindred for some time the absolute Conquest of the Country The Indians that cannot defend themselves pay Tribute The King of Spain receives vast Treasures out of the Mines of Peru. For the principal Cities are full of it and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but Gold and Silver So that Peru is certainly the richest Country in the World. And it reported that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of Ducates of their first Voyage thither The Ways are so secure from Robbery that four Musqueteers serve for a Convoy for three or four thousand Ducates The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Peru for above three hundred years before the Invasion of the Spaniards They had made there two High-ways the one along the Plain where it required an extraordinary Expence to settle the Sand the other over the Mountain where it was as necessary to fill up the Valleys These High-ways were every one of them five hundred Leagues in length and upon the Road stood Houses whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecost The same Inca's had also reared Temples to the Sun to the Moon and to the Stars which they call Ladies attending the Moon to Lightning Thunder and Thunder-bolts and to the Rain-bow which they said executed the Sun's justice It is reported that their Polities were not unlike those of the Greeks and Romans that their Government was mild free and liberal And that they divided the Earth into three parts the first high the second low and the third under ground signifying Earth Heaven and Hell. Atabalippa who was one of those Kings said That the Pope was not a Wise Man to give away that which was none of his own and that for his part he had more reason to prefer the Divinity of the Sun than of a Man that was crucified He also threw away a Breviary which they presented because it spoke never a word of Christ of whom they told him it related great things This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca offer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall seven and twenty foot long sixteen foot wide and proportionably high nevertheless they put him to death as a Traytor and a Tyrant It is not to be wondred that the Inca's had such vast store of Gold and Silver for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples also they put great numbers of Statues of all pure Gold and adorn'd with precious Stones The Edifices were demolished by the Spaniards who expected to find Gold in the Materials and in the cement of the Stones though they got a prodigious Sum besides The Provinces of Peru are Quito Los Reyes Los Charcas and La Sierra Quito which produces much Gold Cotton and Physical Drugs has a City of the same Name the antient Residence of Inca Guaynacapa The Province de los Reyes contains the best Cities in the Country Lima and Cusco Lima is new and one of the best in all America though it contain not above six thousand Inhabitants There are also about four thousand Negroes but they keep them disarm'd for fear of revolting The great Trade of the Town the Residence of the Vice-Roy and the Archbishop make it the Capital City of Peru. Calâ—ao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima is able to receive and secure several Vessels Cusco built four hundred years before the Spaniards took it very well peopled because the King usually kept his Court and obliged the Lords of the Country to build them Houses and dwell in the City with their Children The Province de los Charcas contains the Cities of La Plata and Potosi which is the best inhabited place in all the West Indies for it is stored with all conveniencies and delights of this Life for which reason several People go to live there The Silver Mines in her Mountains are certainly the richest in the World and no way subject to the Water as the other Mines are The King of Spain had from thence a Million of Ducates formerly for his fifth but for some time since the Rent has fallen At the Island Perico was the Fight between the Buccaniers and Spaniards where the Buccaniers took five Ships the Buccaniers were but sixty eight Men the Spaniards two hundred and twenty eight At Gorgona Island the Buccaniers carreen'd At the Isle of Plate Sir F. Drake made the Dividend of that vast quantity of Plate which he took from the S. Armada which the Spaniards say was twelve score
Tuns of Plate and sixteen Bowls of Coyned Money so that they were forced to heave some over board Tumbes was the first Place the Spaniards setled in these parts after Panama Of GVYANA THis Country has by sundry Europeans been called the Savage Coast the Country of the Amazons El Dorado and Guyana But this last name which is Indian has put down all the rest Afterwards the continued resolutions of the French to settle themselves there together with the situation of the Country has occasioned it to be called by them Equinoctial France Orenoque bounds it to the West Amazonia to the Fast the North Sea to the North and the high Mountains to the South All which limits give it a Figure that is somewhat oval Orenoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh who in 1595 discovered it constrains the neighbouring Inhabitants by reason of its overflowing to lodge in the Trees The other Rivers of Guyana are Essâ—quâ—be Brebice Coret ne Boron Maruvine Surinam the entrance whereof is as large as the Sein at Horfleur Mawari Sinamari Caurora near to which great plenty of Tortoises breed Cayenna that makes an Island of the same Name Cauwo at the Mouth whereof lie great Mountains where they say there is a Mine of a Lapis Lazuli Aperwaque which is thought runs to the Lake Parime but it hath so many falls that its course is hardly known Via-poco Poumaron c. At the lower part of these Rivers and all along the Coast which is generally low and extends above two hundred and fifty Leagues in length several English French and Dutch Colonies have setled themselves Who having made the Indians sensible that they are not able to master their Lands alone dispute among themselves the possession of other Nations Rights The Country between Viapoco and the North Cape is not much coveted by the Europeans because it is very boggy The Country about the Lake Parima in the middle of Guyana acknowledge by report a Successor of Guainacapa of the House of Inca's of Peru and compose the true Kingdom of the Golden King. The remaining part towards the North is possessed by divers People which cannot of themselves make a Body of two hundred and fifty Men. They are all Idolaters and obey the antient Chiefs of their Families Some Relations affirm that there are Amazons in those parts or rather large-sided Women that wage War with much Skill and Valor insomuch that the Natives of the Isle of Arowen at the Mouth of Amazona have acquired that Name by reason of their long Hair The same Relations aver that there are some Nations where the Men exchange their Wives and where the Men always choose the most elderly as being more industrious and better experienced in Huswifry than the young ones The People of Guyana live long by reason of the good Air which they breath Their Country lies in the middle of the Torrid Zone but the Eastern Winds are very constant The Days and Nights are equal the later being very cool the dews falling in great abundance The Mountains are high and the Forests very thick so that it is never excessive hot nor excessive cold The Soil is very proper for the Tillage of Manioc others for the planting of Cotton others for Sugar and Tobacco others that yield Gums Wood Stones of divers sorts Parrots and Monkeys Besides that Hunting and Fishing are equally profitable and delightful Manoa near the Lake Parima the principal City of Guyana is call'd El Dorado by reason of the quantity of Gold which they say is there so great that the Inhabitants make their Weapons thereof and cloath their Bodies with it after they have rubb'd themselves with Oyl or Balsom So that this City may be accounted the richest in the World if there be such a one The Island of Cayenne the principal Colony of the French in those quarters is about sixteen or seventeen Leagues in compass five whereof shoot into the Sea the rest lie between the Arms of a River of the same name It encloses several high Hills which are manurable to the very tops and some Meadows for the fatting of Cattle St. Thomas is remarkable for the unhappy enterprise of that worthy Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh by whom Cumana was fired in his first return from Guyana And at St. Josephs a small City in the Isle Trinidado Sir W. Raleigh took the Spanish Governor Antonio Berio from whom he got the best account of those Parts and its Trade Of Castella Del Oro. GOlden Castile so called from the plenty of Gold the Castillians found there called also Terra Firma because one of the first parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touched at divided likewise into several Parts or Governments viz Panama Carthagena Sancta Martha Rio dela Hacha Venezucla Paria or New Andalousia Popajan and Granada The Government of Panama which particularly takes the name of Terra Firma is between the North and South Seas placed in the Isthmus which joyns the two parts of America together The Country is either low or miry or mountainous or barren its Air is very unhealthful subject to great Heats and Fogs It s chief Places are Panama seated on the Southern Sea-shore the Residence of the Governor a Bishops See and a Town through which the riches of Spain and Peru pass every year In December 1670 it was taken by the English and kept twenty eight days Panama is the Place whither they bring the Gold and Silver of Peru which they afterwards carry to Porto Belo a place of great strength fortified with two Castles which lies about sixteen or eighteen Leagues off upon the North Sea and raised upon the Ruins of Nombre de Dios which was forsaken for the badness of the Air and lying too open to the Invasions of the English This carriage is performed by great Rams called Vieuves which are the only Mules of the Country At Porto Belo they lade this Gold and Silver in the Ships that carry it to Spain In the way from Panama to Porto Belo you may if you please take the convenience of the River Chagra which comes within five Leagues of Panama and then you may go all the way by Water In the year 1668 the English plundred Porto Belo and got considerable sums of the Spaniards before they would surrender it again Cartagena affords soveraign Balsom little inferiour to that of Egypt Rosin and several sorts of Gums long Pepper Dragons-blood Emeraulds c. Formerly the Inhabitants had particular places whither they carried their Dead with their Gold their Chains and their costly Ornaments But the Spaniards to get this Wealth into their hands made those Relicks see the Sun again The City standing in a Peninsula had its name from the resemblance of its Port with that of Cartagena in Europe It is one of the best Cities in America for it contains above four thousand Spaniards about four thousand Negro's and is the usual Randevouz of the Fleets that are bound from
Cadiz to the Firm Land. Saint Martha produces almost all sorts of Fruit that grow in Spain Gold Saphires Emeraulds Jasper Cassidoins And there begin those high Mountains which under the names of Andes run a long as far as the South The City is honoured with an Episcopal See but still laments the Ruins suffered by the English in Anno 1595 and 1596. Rio de la Hacha has lost the Fishery of Pearls not far from it but its Soil is very fertile Venezuela had its name from a Village hard by which was built upon Piles in the middest of the Water When this Country was first discovered the Germans to whom Charles the Fifth had ingag'd it had a design to have built a City at the Mouth of the Lake Macataybo according the Model of Venice but afterwards they changed their resolution and chose rather to return into their own Country The Water of the aforesaid Lake is salt but it becomes sweet through the abundance of Water that falls into it out of several Rivers Venezuela produces all things necessary for human sustenance so that it is as it were the Granary of the adjacent Provinces New Andalusia is otherwise called Paria from its great River and the Seacost bears like that of Venezuela the name of the Coast of Pearls by reason of the Fishery there since it fail'd about the Islands of Margareta and â—ubagua Some of the Indians still hold out against the Spaniards and the most part of the Sea Towns have been often plundred by the English The Country near Comana is full of Salt-pits The Country and City of Popayen have preserved the name of their last King. The Paezes the Pixo's the Manipo's and other neighbouring Natives could never be subdued The New Kingdom of Granada which was discovered by one Xemenes a Granadin affords Silver Copper Iron and Emeraulds Heretofore there was One brought to Philip the Second King of Spain of so high a Price that the Goldsmiths knew not how to value it And therefore as a rarity it was laid up in the Treasure of the Escurial A Map of The WESTERN ISLANDS By R. Morden BEtween the two America's North and South and before the Gulph of Mexico are many Islands generally distinguished into the Antilles Caribbes and Lucajos Of the ANTILLES THE Islands of the Antilles are Hispaniola Cuba Jamaica and Peru Rico alias Boriquen Hispaniola is affirmed to be in length an hundred and sixty Leagues the breadth in some places sixty in some but thirty thence growing less and less till it comes to the Angles situate between the eighteenth and twentieth deg of the Northern Latitude An Island for the most part beautiful and flourishing the Trees always in their Summer Livery the Meadows green as if they did enjoy a perpetual Spring of such excellent Herbage that the Cattle brought thither out of Spain have increased beyond measure grown wild for want of proper Owners and are hunted unto death like the Stags of the Forest only to rob them of their Skins In a word rich Mines of Gold without mixture of Dross or other Metals the great increase of Sugar Canes one Cane filling twenty sometimes thirty Measures the exceeding increase of Corn producing in some places an hundred-fold Herbs and Fruits that in eighteen days will come to their perfections and ripen c. are evident Arguments of the richness and fertility of the Soil only the Air is much infested with Morning Heats but cooler in the Afternoon It was discovered by Columbus in his first Voyage made 1492. The Spaniards have since setled many potent Colonies there who having rooted out the Natives by their infinite cruelties and exhausted the riches of the Country with as infinite covetousness dispersed themselves into the Continent It s chief Places are St. Domingo first built by Bartholomeus Columbus Anno 1494 now situate in a pleasant Country with a safe and capacious Haven for Ships to ride in An Arch-Bishoprick and a place of great Trade till the taking of Mexico and the discovery of Peru since which time it hath much decayed nor hath it yet recovered it self of the great loss and damage it sustained by Sir Francis Drake in Anno 1586. Porto de la Plata the second place of Trade and Wealth seated on a commodious Bay on the Northern Shore At present among their Insects and Vermine the Nigua is the most dangerous it leaps like a Flea and piercing it self till it lodges between the Skin and the Flesh is very troublesom to get out The Cucugo a kind of Snail that hath its Eyes and Flanks when it opens its Wings so Bright that it serves to Read or Write by in the darkest Night Among their Fish the Manati is the most remarkable which is a kind of a Sea-Calf about twenty Foot long and their young not above a hand long The Commodities now are Cattle Hides Cassia Sugar Ginger Cocheneil Guaiacum and other Herbs as well for Physick as Dying The French now possess the Western part of this Island as also the Island Tortugas not far from it Of CVBA CVBA by Christopher Columbus call'd Ferdinanda is in length from East to West about two hundred Spanish Leagues in breadth not about twenty five or thirty in content equal with Hispaniola for fertility of the Soil and temperature of the Air beyond it Liberally stored with Ginger Mastich Cassia Aloes Cinamon and Sugar besides great plenty of Flesh Fish and Fowl the Gold more drossie in the Mines than those of Hispaniola but the Brass more perfect the Mountains filled with divers Trees of which some drop that purest Rosin and the Hills send to the Vallies many Rivers streaming down with Gold. Among the Rarities of this Island there is a Fountain out of which floweth a pitchy substance or Bitumen excellent for the chalking of Ships and serves the Indians for divers Medicines As also a Valley covered with an innumerable number of Flint-stones of divers Magnitudes which Nature hath made so round that they may serve for Bullets for all sorts of Cannons It s chief Places are St. Jago built in 1514 by Don Diego de Valasques seated in the bottom of a capacious Bay in the South part of the Island the seat of a Bishop much decayed and now of little Trade 2. Havana one of the most famous Ports in the West Indies for strength largeness and richness so strongly situated and fortified both by Nature and Art that it seems impregnable the entrances defended with two Castles and a greater opposite to the Mouth of the Haven it is the general Randevouz of the Spanish Fleets and is capable to receive a thousand Vessels when they return for Spain honour'd therefore with the Seat of the Governor and the greatest Trade of all these Seas Twenty five Leagues from the Havana towards the East is the Port of Mataacas memorable for that Peter Heyn General for the Dutch West India Company there surprized in the year 1629 the
with Springs and Rivers of fresh Water Cattle and Fowl are in great plenty and other Lakes and Rivers afford store of Fish Thascala or Los Angelos is a Country very plentiful both of Corn and Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with Rivers and wonderfully stored with Maize which they make their Bread of Places of most note are first Thascala Situate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful plain said to be so populous before the arrival of the Spaniards that it could number above three hundred thousand Inhabitants Second Angelos a fair City distant from Mexico twenty two Leagues and thirty from Latera Cruz Thirdly La Vera Cruz built by the Cortez a place of great encourse situate near the Gulph from whence there is a through-fair to Mexico from whence it is distant about fifty two Leagues In May 83. about nine hundred or a thousand Privateers at Night landed and through the negligence of the Spanish Centinels surprised the Town and two Forts the one of twelve the other of eight Guns They plundered the Town for three days where they got a great deal of Plate Jewels c. and might also have taken the Castle which is seated about three quarters of a Miles into the Sea and hath thirty Guns mounted Saint John de Vlloa at Vlhua the most noted Port of this Province fenced with a Peer against the fury of the Winds and Sea defended naturally by Rocks and Quick-sands and by two Bulworks well fortified on both sides of his entrance Famous for that it was the first beginning of that great Conquest of the Valiant Cortez Here he first sunk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cuba to the intent they might think of nothing but Conquest and here five hundred Spaniards ventured against millions of Enemies and began the Conquest of the fourth part of the World. Xalappa de la Vera Cruz made a Bishops See in the year 1634 said to be worth ten thousand Duckets a year La Rinconada is a House or Inn which the Spaniards call Venla seated in a low Valley the hottest Place in all the Road to Mexico plentiful in Provisions and the sweetness and coolness of the Water is a great refreshment but the swarms of Gnats in the Night are most intolerable Segura de la Frontera was built by Cortez in his Wars with the Culhuacans and Tepeacaes Tlaxcallan a Common-wealth The Inhabitants whereof in one Battel against Cortez had 150000 fighting Men afterwards joyned with Cortez and were the chief Instruments of his unparallel'd Conquest being mortal Enemies to Monteâ—uma the Mexican Emperor and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians where is a rich Cloister of Dominican Friers and one of the richest places in the County of Braxuca Tecoantepeque is a small and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur Aquatulco and Capaâ—ita are great Towns in a plain Country Taponapeque is a sweet and pleasant Town well stored with Flesh and Fish and Fowl. In this Province are said to be two hundred Towns one thousand Villages twenty five thousand Indians which are priviledged and exempted from all extraordinary Charge and Imposition because of their assisting Cortez in his Conquest of Mexico In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country Man possessed of forty thousand Sheep which were the product of two only which were brought him out of Spain Guaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a sweet Air of a fertile Soil not only in Corn but also in Fruit Cochineil Silk Cassia the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and most of the Rivers stream down Sand-Gold It s chief places are Antequera a Bishoprick adorned with stately buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church Aquatulâ—o is a noted and convenient Port on Mar del Zur from whence is transported the Merchandise of Mexico to Peru plundered both by Drake and Cavendish in their Voyages about the World. Gage tells us that Guaxaca is a City and Bishops Seat fair and beautiful sixty Leagues from Mexico and consists of two thousand Inhabitants n t far from the Head of the great River Alvarado upon which are Zapoteâ—as and St. Idlfonso That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town Tavasco or Tabasco is a Coast of one hundred Leagues between Guâ—xaca and Jucatan of an excellent Soil abundant in Maiz and Cacao There are Vines Fig-trees Oranges and Citrons great quantity of Cattle and Fowl besides wild Beasts Apes and Squirrels The Spaniards have but one Colony here which is called Newstra a Signiora de la Victoria so called from the Victory Cortez gained 15 9. The first City in America that defended it self and suffered the Spaniards sword Jucatan is a Peninsula of about four hundred Leagues in compass Situate between the Gulph of Mexico and Honduras whose Cape Catoche is opposite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Island Cuba and distant from it forty odd Leagues In the middle of the Land are to be seen Scales and Shells of Sea Fish its chief Cities are Merida distant from the Sea on either side twelve Leagues the Seat of the Bishop and Governor adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones resembling those at Merida in Spain 2. Valladolid beautified with a fair Monastery of Franciscans 3. Campeach Situate on the Shore of the Gulph a fair City of about three thousand Houses which in Anno 1596 was surprised and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away the Governor and the riches of the City The Audience of Gaudalajara or Kingdom of New Galicia makes the most occident part of New Spain and contains the Provinces of Gaudalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiamettlan Culiacan and New Biscany The Air of Gaudalajara is temperate and serene except in Summer which is most troubled with Rain The Land rather mountainous than plain very fruitful well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites the Pastures are rich feeding abundance of Cattle they have Cittrons Oranges Figs Apples Pears Peaches Olive-trees whose Fruit is often destroyed by Ants as their Corn Maize and Pulse is by the Pies which though no bigger than Sparrows are so numerous that they destroy whole Crops Its Cities are Guadelajara the Residence of the Kings Treasurer dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church watered with many Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja In the Province of Xalisco the chief City is Compostella built by Guzman 1551. Situate in a Barren Country and bad Air. In the Province of Chiametlan is Saint Sebastian nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of Culiacan hath Saint Michael and that of Chinaloa Saint John where are rich Mines of Silver In Los Zicatecas are several famous
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâ—d equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâ—tias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâ—to de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and
them the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of the same saving the Allegeance and Sovereign Dominion due to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors likewise granting thereby to them all Royal Jurisdictions and Perogatives both Military and Civil as Power of enacting Laws making of War and Peace pardoning Offences conferring of Honors Coyning of Money c. and in acknowledgements thereof yielding and paying yearly to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle on Easter Tuesday together with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Ore that shall be there found The Rivers of Mary-Land are Patowmeck Patuxent Ann Arundel alias Severn Sasquesahanough Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke with several other lesser Rivers and Rivulets to the great Improvement of the Country and Beauty of the Province which is now very healthful and agreeable to the Constitutions of the English And such is the temperature of the Air that the Heats in Summer are so allayed by gentle Breezes and fresh Showers of Rain and the Cold in Winter is so small and short that the Inhabitants are not incommoded by either The Country is generally plain and even yet not without its small and pleasant Hills which heighten the Beauty of the adjacent Valleys The Soil rich and fertile naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New England or Virginia or in any other part of this Continent The Government of Mary Land is by his Lordships Care and Prudence brought to a good Order and Settlement and framed much after the Model of the Government in England Upon Emergent Occasions his Lordships Governor there adviseth with the two Estates of the Province which consist of an upper and lower House and is called a General Assembly the upper House consists of the Governor and Council and such Lords of Mannors and others as his Lordship or his Lieutenant shall by Writ from time to time call thither and the lower House consists of Delegates chosen by Inhabitants in the respective Counties in the said Province which Assembly his Lordship or his Lieutenant Convenes Prerogues or Dissolves at pleasure and whatsoever is Decreed or Enacted by this Assembly with his Lordships assent is of the same force there as an Act of Parliament is in England and cannot pass or be repealed without the concurring assent of his Lordship with the other two Estates Next to this Legislative Council is the Provincial Court which is held every quarter of a year at St. Maries City this is the chief Court of Judicature where the most important Judicial Causes are tried of which in the absence of the Lord Proprietary the Lieutenant or Governor and Council are Judges and this is for the whole Province but for each particular County for a great part of the Province where any English Men are seated is divided into ten Counties there are other inferior Courts which are held six times of the year in each of these Counties for the Tryal of Causes not relating to Life nor exceeding the value of three thousand weight of Tobacco with Appeals from them to the Provincial Court. Of the ten Counties five lie on the West side of the Bay of Cheasapeack viz. St. Maries Charles Calvert Ann Aâ—undel and Baltimore Counties the other five on the Eastern Shore viz. Somerset Dorchester Talbot Cecil and Kent Counties in some of which there are several Towns built as Calverton Harrington and Harvy-Town on the East side of St. George's River is St. Maries City the Original and chief Town of this Province where the General Assemblies meet and the Provincial Courts are kept and also the Secretaries Office it being erected into the Priviledge of a City by the name of St. Maries which gives denomination to that County The Ground plat of a Fort and Prison was long since laid here upon a point of Land termed Windmill-Point from a Wind-mill which formerly stood there being a very proper situation for the commanding of St. George's River this Fort will make a secure Harbor for Ships to ride in from all danger of Hostile and Piratical Invasions Besides the House which belongs to the Governor there by the name of St. Johns in this City the present Governor Mr. Charles Calvert his Lordships Son and Heir hath of late years built him a very fair House partly of Brick partly of Timber where he and his Family usually reside about eight Miles from St. Maries at Mattapany The Natives of this Country are generally well proportioned and able-bodied Men delighting chiefly in Hunting being generally excellent Marks-Men while the Women not only manage their Domestick Affairs but also Tillage Plantation and all manner of improvement of their Land. To conclude the Impeopling and Trade of this Province by the vast Expence Care and Industry of the Lord Proprietary hath been improved to that height that in the year 1670 there were reckoned near twenty thousand English planted there And that which keeps them together in the greatest Peace Order and Concord imaginable is the Liberty of Conscience which his Lordship in prudence allows to all persons that profess Christianity though of different Persuasions so that every Man lives quietly and securely with his Neighbor neither molesting nor being molested for difference of Judgment in Religion which Liberty is established there by an Act of Assembly with his Lordships consent to continue for ever A New Map of New JARSEY and PENSILVANIA By Robt. Morden FOR the Province the general Condition of it take as followeth I. The Country it self in its Soil Air Water Seasons and produce both Natural and Artificial is not to be despised The Land containeth divers sorts of Earth God in his Wisdom having ordered it so that the advantages of the Country are divided II. The Air is sweet and clear the Heavens serene like the South-parts of France rarely overcast and as the Woods come by numbers of People to be more cleared that it self will Refine III. The Waters are generally good for the Rivers and Brooks have mostly Gravel and Stony Bottoms and in Number hardly credible We have also Mineral Waters that operate in the same manner with Barnet and North-hall not two Miles from Philadelphia IV. For the Seasons of the Year First Of the Fall I found it from the 24th of October to the beginning of December as we have it usually in England in September or rather like an English mild Spring From December to the beginning of the Month called March we had sharp frosty Weather not foul thick black Weather as our North-East Winds bring with them in England but a Skie as clear as in Summer and the Air dry cold piercing and hungry The reason of this Cold is given from the great Lakes that are fed by the Fountains of Canada The Winter before was as mild scarce any Ice at all while this for a few days Froze up our great River Delaware From that Month to the Month called June we enjoyed a sweet Spring no Gusts
and the said Edward Byllynge that a partition should be made thereof The which was accordingly done by Deed interchangeable enroll'd which Partition begins on the West side of a certain place upon the South Sea call'd by the Name of Little Eag Harbor and which runs from thence by a streight Line to the most Northerly Extent of the whole Premises Upon which Partition it was agreed that Carterets part should be call'd the Province of the East New Jarsey and Byllynges part should be call'd the Province of West New Jarsey East Jarsey is bounded from the Line of Partition Eastward part with the Main Ocean and part with Hudsons River which separates it from New York And West Jarsey from the said Partition Line expands it self Southward and Westward unto that famous Bay and River of Delaware which also separates that Province from Pensilvania in which Bay and River it s well known Ships of the greatest Burden may Ride at Anchor and pass with safety a hundred Miles up into the Country And in which River from the Mouth of the Bay are not less than twenty Creeks and Harbors some whereof issuing five ten fifteen if not twenty Miles into the Province The Partition being thus made of the two Provinces The Government of West Jarsey was thereupon given and granted by the present King when Duke of York unto the abovenamed Edward Byllynge and his Heirs with the same Jurisdictions Powers Authorities and Government as fully and amply to all intents and purposes as the same was granted to him his Heirs and Assigns by the late King his Brother who was also pleas'd to approve thereof by Publication under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual Thereby and therein commanding the present and future Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience unto him the said Edward Byllynge as their Governor and to his Heirs Deputies Agents c. This Province from the Mouth of Delaware Bay along by the Sea side to the Line of the Partition appears in the Map to be about sixty Miles in breadth And from the Mouth of the said Bay to the Head or most Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware likewise appears to be about two hundred and fifty Miles in length This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties as may be seen by the Registred Deeds of every person or persons who have already purchased a whole or part of a Propriety joyntly with others which Register is kept by Herbert Springet in George yard in Lumbard-street London unto whom any persons who are minded to buy one or more Proprieties may repair The said Edward Byllynge having above twenty of those hundred yet to sell As to the Government out of each Propriety a Free-holder is to be Annually chosen by the Inhabitants thereof and to Meet and Sit as a General Assembly upon a day certain every year which with the Governor or his lawful Deputies are the Legislative Power of the Province to make and alter Laws in all times coming But not contrary or in any wise repugnant to Liberty of Conscience in Matters of Faith towards God or the Religious Exercise thereof Liberty and Property both as Men and Christians being establish'd in West New Jarsey by an irrevocable Fundamental Law never to be extinguish'd or invaded by any subsequent Law hereafter to be made whatsoever As also not any the least Tax Talledge Subsidie Rates or Services to be imposed upon the People but by the consent of these their Representatives in the General Assemblies The Towns and Plantations already settled in this Province for the most part are upon that Noble and Navigable River of Delaware or upon some Creek or Harbor contiguous thereunto or upon the South Sea. And upon both are the like conveniencies for thousands of more Families It s chief Towns and Rivers are noted in the Map And it certainly enjoys all the advantages that the other parts do The Description of East New Jarsey THE Province of East New Jarsey lies next to New York Southwestward having on the South the Main Ocean on the East that well-known Bay for Shipping within Sandy Hooke to the North part of the Province of New York and New Albany and is bounded by that vast Navigable Stream called Hudsons River to the forty one Degree of Northern Latitude and from thence crossing over in a streight Line extending to the most Northern Branch or Part of Delaware River then to the West West Jarsey from which divided by a partition Line it takes its beginning from a place upon the South-Coast called Little Egg-Harbor and so runs in a streight Line to the aforesaid Northernmost Branch of Delaware River This Province is very pleasant and healthful a great part of the back Land lying high As to the Trees Fruits and most other products it s not inferiour to any of the neighbouring Colonies And for the fertility of Soil fresh Water-Rivers Brooks and pleasant Springs it is highly esteemed The Country along Rariton-River is a place so delightful and fruitful that Ogilby in his Volumn of America folio 181 182 many years ago has given the World an extraordinary account thereof The Situation of this Province has a very great and apparent advantage for it lies even in the Center of all the English Plantations on that Continent near to an equal distance from the South-parts of Carolina and the North of Pemaquid the aforesaid Bay of Sandy-Hooke being very notable both for the conveniency and security of any number of Ships And the Sea-Coasts of this Province are very commodious both for Trade and Fishing especially the Whale Fishing Within the said Bay upon the North side of the Mouth of Rariton River there is an excellent Tract of Ground called Amboy Point where a Town or City is building called Perth In which Town several good Houses are already built and inhabited and more daily are building by the Proprietors and others that are come to settle there Nothing can be better and more advantagiously situated than this place for a Town of Trade which lies about sixteen Miles within the aforesaid Bay into which there may go in Ships of the greatest Burden and come out again at all Seasons as well in Winter time as in Summer and lie safe in Harbor without any inconvenience of Winds or Tydes and close to the Wharf before the Houses in this Town of Perth can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun with their fasts on Shore at low Water There is besides the forementioned New Town seven Towns more built in this Province viz. Elizabeth Town Newark Woodbridge Piscataway Bergen Middletoune and Shrewsbury in which and in the out Plantations many thousand People are setled who possess their Lands c. some by purchase most upon very easie Rents payable to the present Proprietors there being all sorts of excellent â—ands undisposed of enough to plant many more thousands of Families who shall desire
May 28 they arrived at Greenland and met with eleven Sail of Dutch fishing in Hornfound whom they forced away and took from them all they caught and also the English that were in their Ships and made 1900 Tuns of Oyl and discovered Wyâ—hes Island in seventy nine Degrees There are some Discoveries of Land which cannot be said to belong to any of the four grand Divisions being separate 〈◊〉 Seas of vast extent viz. New Guinea towards the Equator so called because thought to be opposite to the African Guiny New Zelanâ— the Antipodes almost to â—ngland discovered first by Fernando de Quier but both of the East India Companies in Holland now pretend to it tho' they were but ill used when they attempted to settle themselves there About three hundred Leagues from it lies another Tract of Land called Antony Van Diemens Land discovered by the Dutch. The Land of Parrats if any such was part of Terra Australis incognita In the year 150â— one Gonneuille a Frenchman sailed thither and was well entertained by a petty King called Arosea Who also brought away with him some of the Natives amongst the rest the Kings Son Essomeric of whose Race there are some yet in Normandy saith Du Val. New Holland is so highly esteemed by the Dutch that they have caused the Map thereof to be cut in the Stones of their Magnificent State-house though I could not afford one Map for it here It is a Tract of Land containing about 1600 Leagues Not far from Greenland lieth Cherry Island thirty Degrees to the North Eastwards whereof saith our Sea Waggoner is the Island of Nova Zembla and twenty Leagues to a Degree is the Scale made in the Chart so that thirty multiplied by twenty makes six hundred Leagues which is three hundred more than the true distance This also is certain that in all the Land Maps that I have seen it is laid down above one hundred and twenty and 50 Leagues Eastwards farther than it ought to be And I have the rather instanced in this particular for that I have reason to think that this was the chief cause of the misfortune of that venturous and worthy design of Captain Wood in his Attempt for a N. E. passage to China I cannot also but mention the Opinion of some who tell us that Nova Zembla is the Isle Carambice of the Antients from whence Men may go upon the Ice as far as Greenland and further so that its thought that the people that first inhabited America went over this way The Land of Jesso lies between Asia and America where they are separated by great and wide Arms of the Sea tho' others think they excur and meet almost together and by this way was America first peopled but utrum horum mavis accipe The Inhabitants of Jesso exchange their Fish their Tongues their Whales Oyl in the Cities of Japan which are next to them The Planks of their Barks are not nailed but sowed together with Ropes made of the Rinds of Cocos The Relations of the Dutch in the year 1643 tells us that part of the Country acknowledges the King of Japan and that the Governor who resides at Mâ—zimay carries him every year Silver Feathers of sundry Colours and fine Furs Thus briefly have I described all the most known parts of the Earth but must leave that of the unknown to the discovery of future Ages only give me leave to say a word or two to our English Planters c. And I have done To advance an happy Plantation the Undertakers Planters and Place it self must contribute their Endeavors Let the Undertakers be Men of no shallow Heads nor narrow Fortunes such as will be contented with their present loss to be Benefactors to Posterity Let the Planters be Honest Skilful and Painful People for what hope is there that they who were Drones at home will be Bees abroad Let the Place be naturally strong or at leastwise capable of Fortification for though at first Planters are sufficiently fenced with their own Poverty yet when once they have got Wealth they must get Strength to defend it Islands are easily shut whereas Continents have their Doors ever open not to be bolted without great charges Let not the Towns where there is choice of Ground be built in places of a servil nature as being over-awed or commanded by some Hills about them Let it have some Staple Commodity to ballance Traffick with other Countries few Countries can stand alone the Luxury of our Age hath made superfluities necessary Let the Planters endeavor to be loved and feared of the Natives using Justice and Honesty being as naked in their dealings with the Natives as they are naked in their attire imbracing all occasions to convert them each Convert is a Conquest and it is more honour to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans for an extirpation of the Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a New Colony I am confident said Dr. Fuller long since that America is now grown Marriagable and hopes to get Christ for a Husband by the preaching of the Gospel I shall only add that no Nation hath spread her Sails for Traffick further than the English And that our Foreign Plantations upon the Asian African and American Continents are so many and so conveniently seated that no Christian Nation hath opportunity of piercing deeper into those vast Heathenish Islands than the English And yet can we say we have improved the Advantages God hath put into our hands to his glory and the propagation of his Gospel have we made so much as one solemn Mission of Pious and Learned Men to preach the glad Tidings of Salvation in Jesus Christ so much as to those ignorant Heathens and Idolaters that confine upon the English Pale yea or the poor Negros that are detained in cruel slavery in our own Plantations I cannot say what Glory and Advantage this would be to the English Nation Pardon me therefore Great Sirs the Proposal of his to your pious considerations whom it doth most concern For your faithful management of the opportunities intrusted to you for the Service of God and the enlargement of his Kingdom at home and abroad you may be assured will not only make an Accession of Renown and Honor to your selves and generous Families but bring in also eternal prosperity and Happiness from God the Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ As I pray God it may Amen FINIS
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ— which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâ—ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâ—oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors conâ—ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
into the Fort set fire to their Magazine of Powder by which the Vice-Admiral Binches fifteen Officers and about three hundred Soldiers were kill'd and the rest surrendred the Fort was destroyed two hundred Pieces of Cannon taken and four Dutch-men of War in the Port. Martin possessed by the French and Dutch. St. Martinique Desseada Marigatanta St. Lucia possessed by the French. AESTIVARUM INSULAE at BARMUDAS Lat. 32D 25m 3300 miles from London 500 from Roaneak in Virginia by R Morden THE Bermuda's are a certain number of small Islands first discovered by one John Bermudas since called the Summer Islands from the Shipwrack which Sir George Summers and Sir Thomas Gates suffered Anno 1609. Of these Islands the greatest to which the Name of Bermudas is more generally given is about 5 Leagues long and 2 Miles broad all the rest being very small The whole cluster together do form a Body much like a Crescent and inclose several good Ports the chief whereof are the Great Sound Harrington's Sound Southampton Harbor guarded with several Forts taking their Names from the several Noblemen that were concerned as Undertakers which are set down in the Map as also the Names of some of the biggest Islands Since the English first setled in these Islands they have now established a powerful Colony consisting of above 4 or 5000 Inhabitants who have strongly fortified the Approaches by the aforesaid Forts which with the Rocks in the Seas render them secure and impregnable so that without knowledge of the Passages a Boat of 10 Tuns cannot be brought into the Haven yet by the assistance of a skilful Pilot there is entrance for Ships of the greatest Burden The Earth in these Isles is exceeding fertile yielding two Crops every year which they gather in about July and December They have no fresh Water but that in Wells and Pits which ebbs and flows with the Sea there being neither Fountain nor Stream in these Islands nor venomous Beasts neither will they live if brought thither nor are their Spiders poysonous but of sundry and various Colours and in hot weather make their Webs so strong that the small Birds are sometimes entangled and caught therein The Sky is generally serene and clear and the Air so temperate and healthy that 't is rarely any one dieth of any distemper than that of old Age So that the Inhabitants enjoy a long and healthy Life When the Sky is at any time darken'd with Clouds it thunders and lightens and is very stormy and tempestuous The North and Northwest Winds cause Winter in December January and February which yet is so very moderate that young Birds and Fruits and other Concomitants of the Spring are seen there in those Months They have several sorts of excellent Fruits as Oranges Dates Mulberries both white and red in the Trees whereof breed abundance of Silk-worms which produce much Silk There is also plenty of Tortoise whose Flesh is very delicious There is good store of Hogs and great variety of Fowls and Birds There is also a sort of Cedar Trees which differ from all others in the world the Wood whereof is sweet and well-scented Their chief Commodities are Oranges Cochineil and Tobacco with some kind of Pearls and Ambergreece of which last 't is reported that the three Men left there after the Death of Sir George Summers found in Somerset Island as much of it as was worth 9 or 10000 Pounds Sterling And now they keep Dogs for the finding of it out by its scent These Isles are now divided into Tribes or Counties and the whole reduced to a setled Government both in Church and State and is still improving to greater perfection Place this between page 544 and 545. Of the LVCAYES ARE so called from Lucayon the name of the biggest which is amongst them Bahama lends its name to a very rapid Chanel running from South to North and is remarkable for the passage of the Spanish Fleets in their return from Mexico into Europe A Passage as fatal to the Spaniards by many Shipwracks of their rich laden Plate Ships as kind to some English Undertakers of late years who by Diving get up vast quantities of that Plate which for many years have laid close hugg'd in her rocky and precipitous embraces Binini hardly accessible is said to have a Fountain that renews Youth being stored with handsome Women for whose sake it is much resorted to Guanahani is that Island which was discovered by Columbus for which reason he called it St. Salvador in regard it saved him from the Conspiracy of his Men who a little before would have thrown him over board New Providence a late erected Colony of the English by Patent from his Majesty to the Proprietors of Carolina and is found to produce the same Commodities Fruits Plants Beasts Fowls Birds c. Of an Air healthful and agreeable to English Bodies that since their Settlement few or none have died of the Distempers or Diseases incident to other Colonies Mexico or NEW SPAINE by Robt. Morden THE Indians call this Country Mexico the Spaniards New Spain the Latins Nova Hispania a Country abundantly enriched with inexhaustible Mines of Gold and Silver the Air exceeding Temperate though seated in the Torrid Zone Its Soil is so fertile that no Country in the World feeds so much Cattel The Riches of the Country besides their Gold and Silver Copper and Iron are their Grains as Wheat Barley Pulse and Mayz Their Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemmons Cittorns Malicaâ—ons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Coco-nuts and variety of Herbs Plants and Roots There is also Wool Cotton Sugar Silk Cochenel From thence is likewise exported the Grains of Scarlet Feathers Hony Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs Among the rarities there is the most admirable Plant called Magney of whose Leaves they make Pepper Flax Thread Cordage Girdles Shoes Mats Mantles Stuffs c. It s Bark if roasted makes an excellent Plaister for Wounds from the top branches comes a Gum which is a Soveragin Antidote against Poison from the top a juyce like Syrup which if boil'd will become Hony if purified Sugar they make out of it also Wine and Vinegar and it affordeth good Wood to Build with As also two Mountains one of which vomits Flames of Fire like Aetna the other sendeth forth two burning Streams the one of black Pitch the other of red to which I may add their fine Pictures made with the Feathers of their Cinâ—ons which is a little Bird living only on dew so excellently are their Colours placed that the best Painters of Europe admire the delicacy thereof far exceeding a piece of Painting It was once an Elective Kingdom full of great Cities well governed civilized Should we saith Acosta parallel the Politicks of the Vncas or Kings of Peru and Mexico with those of the Greeks and Romans these would have the advantage but the best of these good Laws and Policies were abolished when the Spaniards became
Masters of the Country dividing it into several Parts or Provinces viz. New Galicia Guadalaira New Biscay Mexico Mechoacan Panuco Jucatan Guatimala Honduras Nicaregua Costaricca Veragua and others they have established Parliaments at Mexico Guadalaria and Guatimala New Mexico properly so called lying round about the City of Mexico is the best and best peopled part of all America that City suffered a dreaful loss in the year 1629 all the Dams and most part of the Houses being carried away by the violence of the Streams for it is situated upon a salt Lake about twenty five or thirty Leagues in compass into which falls another Lake of fresh Water and both together are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit in which are said to be fifty thousand Ferries continually rowing about to carry Passengers having about fifty Towns on their Banks some say eighty Towns many of them count five thousand Houses some ten thousand The salt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind yielding no kind of Fish In Mexico are said to be four thousand Spaniards and thirty thousand Indians it is the Residence of the Vice-Roy and Arch-Bishop Before the Spaniards took possession of the Country there were several considerable places near to Mexico The Siege of Mexico lasted about three Months wherein Cortez had near 200000 Indians nine hundred Spaniards eighty Horses seventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordnance sixteen or eighteen Vergantines and at least six thousand Canou's where were slain fifty Spaniards six Horses and about eight thousand Indians on Cortez side Of Mexicans were slain 120000 besides those that dyed with Famine and Pestilence The Vergentines wherewith Cortez besieged Mexico by Water were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcallen to Tezcuco and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finishing of them and making a Sluce or Trench and lanching of them into the Lake At that Siege Montezuma the Emperor was taken by Cortez out of his own Palace and made Prisoner which caused the Mexicans to rebel against Cortez and the Spaniards and fought a fierce and bloody Battel two or three days together crying out for their Emperor whereupon Cortez desired him to go to the Window to shew himself and command his Subjects to cease their fury who so doing was hit on the Head with a Stone with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground and this was the end of that great Emperor who was of the greatest Blood and the greatest King in Estate that ever was in Mexico slain by his own Subjects against their wills in the City of his greatest Glory and in the custody of a foreign and strange Nation After the death of Montezuma they made Quabutamoc their Emperor and persisting in their furious Battery against Cortez his Palace caused him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Mexico But the Spaniards having made sixteen or eighteen Vergentines at Tlaxcallen and got new Supplies they again so besieged Mexico by Water and Land that it was reduced to great necessity with Hunger and Sickness and tho' in this extream misery yet they would not yield no not when they saw the Kings Houses burned and the greatest part of their City consumed so long as they could keep one Street Tower or Temple and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place and most of the City And tho' their Houses were full with dead Bodies and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by those hungry wretches that survived yet would they not accept of peace but desired death so that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thousand in all the City yet were there that day slain and taken Prisoners 400000 Persons and Quahutamoc their King taken Prisoner who told Cortez he had done his best endeavor to save and defend himself and Vassals but considering you may now do what you please with me I beseech you to kill me which is my only request But Cortez comforted him with fair words and required him to command his Subjects to yield which he did And at that time after so many were slain and starved so many Prisoners taken yet there were about 700000 who threw down their Arms and submitted Thus did Cortez win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of August An. Dom. 1521. Chulula enclosed about twenty thousand Houses with as many Temples as there are days in the year And the Inhabitants sacrificed every year above six thousand of their Children to their accursed Idols Tezcuco was said to be as big as Mexico which was said to contain sixty or eighty thousand Houses and is famous among the Spaniards for that it was the first that received a Christian King Hâ—rnando son to Nezavalpincintli Cortez being his God Father Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for four years together and the next four years seemed to be empty Los Angelos upon the Road from La Vera Cruz first built and inhabited in the year 1530 by Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico famous for the Cloth that is there made as good as any in Segovia which is the best in Spain And a Glass House which is the rarity in all those parts It is a City containing six thousand Inhabitants to which there belongs a Bishoprick endowed with sixty thousand Crown a year Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico and Los Angelos consisting of above five thousand Indians and one thousand Spaniards and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain for that it joyned with the Tlazcellans against the Mexicans Acapulco upon the South Sea is a well sheltered Bay distant from Mexico one hundred Leagues from hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Isles and to China from whence they are distant three thousand Leagues Jucatan is a Peninsula between two Gulphs where stands the antient Merida In Panueo the Castillians have only three Colonies of which Saint Steven del puerto is the Metropolis twelve Leagues from the Sea and a Town of great Traffick next is Saint Jago de los Vallos thirdly Lewes de Tempico They have Mines of Gold in the Country which are not wrought Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit Mechoaian the Metropolis of the Province so called now the seat of the Arch-Bishop since removed from Valadolid seated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico This Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweat an Air that Sick People come thither to recover their health Near Colima is found the Plant Cozometcath or Olcacazan which takes blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all poisons and is most excellent against all Diseases This Province is of a fertile Soil yielding great encrease of all sorts of Grain Fruits c. It produceth Cotton Amber-Greece Gold Silver Copper Black Stones so shining that they serve instead of Looking-Glasses store of Plants medicinal Herbs Silk Hony Wax c. It is well stored