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A29354 Essays on trade and navigation in five parts / by Sir Francis Brewster, Kt. Brewster, Francis, Sir, d. 1704. 1695 (1695) Wing B4434; ESTC R1968 72,012 152

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us upon Importing Corn from other parts This in a Country so natural for Grain and that lies so near Holland which fetcheth such quantities from abroad may be thought not the least of our mistakes in Trade and Commerce To me I confess it seems a great neglect to see so many Acres set for Five or Ten Shillings an Acre and the Tenants scarce able to pay that which under Corn might yeild to the Farmer Five Pounds and though part of that goes in Labour yet the whole is so much added to the Treasure of the Nation and would be the greatest advantage to the Rent of Lands that ever was or can be by any other means raised in the Kingdom Now that what I here propose may appear practicable something shall be offer'd that I conceive may shew what I here set down to be more than meerly Notional 1. First then as to the Grain which is most in demand in Foreign Markets and they are Rye for Holland Horse-Beans for Bilboa and Barly for Portugal I mention not Wheat because that we have most of but the other three is least propagated in England though the most proper for Exportation and seems possible considering how much nearer we lye to a Market than Dantzick to be exported from England as Cheap as from any Part and as Quantities in other Commodities enables the Seller of them to abate in Price of what they can when they are scarce so it would be in this of Corn when a Farmer is more sure of a Market for Twenty Acres of Corn than he is now of Five he may abate of his Price and yet be a greater Gainer than when he hath but a little and a greater Price we account it so in all other Commodities 2. For Encouragement of making Corn an Export it is to be remembred That we send most of our Ships light to Bilboa and Lisbon so that will help our Navigation that loads our Ships then it is to be considered that our Exports to Lisbon do not answer our Imports from thence since we fetch so much Wine from Portugal and it is hoped since we have fallen into it we shall never exceed in French Wine They neither can nor will take off our Commodities Corn they never did as Portugal will The difficulty that appears to the introduction of this so profitable a disposition of the Lands of England is how to bring the Nation to it for all new things are hardly propagated Three things I submit that to me seem of strength to bring the Nation into it And they are these 1. That a Statute be made to oblige all persons to a certain Proportion of Plowing according to what they keep in Grazing 2. That all Land under Tillage shall be free from any manner of Tax 3. That some ease may be given as to the Tythe for what is Exported it is a heavy load and discouragement one tenth for that which goes out care should be taken to make what goes out as Cheap as possible that so no other Country might Undersel us I would not be thought to lessen the Income of the Clergy to the contrary I think they ought to partake of all the Increase of the Kingdom and what I here propose would be for their advantage by encouraging the greater Exports and ways might be found to give some encouragement from them to the Plow-man that might be easy to both But to all that hath been said for encouragement of Tillage there appears a seeming Objection and that is We often see Corn so Cheap that the Farmers are broke by it and what would they do with double the Quantities as it is hoped this Law and Encouragement might produce This is partly answered before That the reason why we want a Market for our Corn is because we have not always Store and so Merchants make no Provision for the Trade nor will quit a place where they are sure of Supply so if once it were known that England set upon the Trade of Corn there would not be want of Buyers it is not to be imagined how soon the Plenty of a Commodity makes a Trade I remember when we imported quantities of Silk Stockins from the Levant but as soon as we had the Invention of Looms the stream turned and we send them there Plenty makes Cheapness and that increaseth Trade But there is another Answer to be given for the want of a Market for our Corn and that is We run most on Wheat and neglect those sorts before-mentioned which are most in demand abroad and of which we could never exceed but the more we provide the greater will the Price be for Quantities as is before said brings numbers of Buyers whereas where there are not Stores of a Commodity Buyers are but few and then they set the Market and have the Commodity at their own Rate I shall end this First Part of my Essays as I began them Truth may be allowed repetition That as this Nation never more wanted Thoughts and Endeavours to enlarge and improve their Navigation and Commerce than now having so Potent a Neighbour as the French that grow upon us so Blessed be God England never had a greater Monarch that lays out himself to make us a great and flourishing People If we are wanting to our selves it is our fault and will be our misfortune Measures for Trade must arise from the Subject Grants and Concessions from the King FINIS Books Printed for and Sold by Thomas Cockeril at the Three Leggs in the Poultrey London THE Instrumentality of Faith Asserted Proved Explained Compared with and Preferred to a Conditional Relation thereof in order to Pardon and Happiness when seriously taken in a Legal or Foederal sence By W. Cross M. A. Good Deeds done for God's House A Sermon Preached on the occasion of the Death of Dr. Jeremiah Butt one of the Physitians appointed for His Majesties Fleet. By Ed Veal Infant-Baptism God's Ordinance Or a clear proof that all the Children of believing parents are in the Covenant of Grace and have as much Right to Baptism the now Seal of the Covenant as the Infant-Seed of the Jews had to Circumsion the then Seal of the Covenant By Michael Harrison A Remedy against Trouble in a Discourse on John 14. 1. Wherein something is also briefly attempted for clearing the nature of Faith of Justification of the Covenant of Grace Assurance the Witness Seal and Earnest of the Spirit and Preparation for Conversion or the Necessity of Holiness By Henry Lukin A Discourse of Schism By Edward Polhill Esq of Burwash in Sussex Eutropii Historiae Romanae Breviarium ab urbe Conditum usque ad Valentianum Valentem Augustos Ex recensione cum Notulis Tanquilli Fabri ut Sexti Aurelii Victoris de Vires Illustribus Liber in Usum Scholarum Phaedri Augusti Caesaris Liberti Fabularum Aesopiarum Libri Quinque In usum Serenissimi Delphini Notis Illustravit Petrus Danet Geography Rectified or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Provinces Countreys Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bayes Capes Names Inhabitants Scituations Histories Customs Commodities Government Illustrated with about 80 Maps Third Edition By Robert Morden Instructions about Heart-work what is to be done on God's Part and ours for the Cure and keeping of the Heart c. By that Eminent Gospel-Minister Mr. Richard Alleyn With a Preface by Dr. Annesley The 2d Edition The Evidence of Things not seen Or divers Spiritual and Philosophical Discourses concerning the state of Holy Men after Death By that Eminently Learned Divine Moses Amyraldus Translated out of the French Tongue by a Minister of the Church of England Poems on several Occasions with a Pastoral To which is added A Discourse of Life By John ●utchin A succinct and seasonable Discourse of the Occasions Causes Natures Rise Growth and Remedies of Mental Errors To which is added 1. An Answer to Mr. Cary against Infant-Baptism 2. An Answer to some Antinomian Errors 3 A Sermon about Union By John Flavel Mr. Flavel's Remains being two Sermons The one preached at Dartmouth in Devon on the day of the Coronation of Their Majesties The latter intended to be Preached at a Meeting of the United Ministers of several Counties With some Account of his Life A Discourse of Regeneration Faith and Repentance Preached at the Merchants Lecture in Broad-street By The Cole Minister of the Gospel A Discourse of Christian Religion in sundry Points viz. Christ the Hope of Glory what it is to know God in Christ Christ the only Saviour the only Mediator Foundation of our Adoption c. Preached at the Merchants Lecture By Tho Cole Geography Anatomized Or a Compleat Geographical Grammar being a short and exact Analysis of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a new plain and easy method whereby any person may in a short time attain to the knowledge of that most noble and useful Science c. To which is subjoined the present state of the European plantations in the East and West-Indies with a reasonable proposal for the propagation of the Gospel in all Pagan Countries Illustrated with divers Maps By Patrick Gordon M. A.
greater Mischiefs if they be at a distance We hunt a Strange Beggar out of our Parishes and if in time of Scarcity Numbers come into a City from the Country A Common-Council is call'd and their Grave Wisdom set at Work how to get rid of their New Comers and yet at the same time perhaps that very City is breeding up a greater Number of Poor Children than they hunt out to Act the same part in the Common-Wealth that is of Stealing Begging and Idleness as Mankind Naturally would do if Education Improved not Nature The worst of Men would keep if they could that part of Primitive Innocence Eating without Labour and are True Believers of that part in Divine Writ That it is a Curse to eat their Bred by the Sweat of their Brow There needs no other Evidence of this Truth than that of the O●● Bayly where Numbers are every Sessions of both Sexes made Victims for the Sins of the Parish where they were Born Had they been bred up in Trades they might probably not come to Untimely Ends. There is no Nation I ever read of who by a Compulsary Law raiseth so much Money for the poor as England doth That of Holland is Voluntary and turns to a Revenue to the Common-Wealth as they manage it but our Charity is become a Nusance and may be thought the greatest Mistake of that Blessed Reign in which that Law Passed which is the Idle and Improvident Mans Charter for if Shame or Fear of Punishment makes him Earn his Dayly Bread he will do no more his Children are the Charge of the Parish and his Old Age his Recess from Labour or Care he makes no Provision for it in the time of his Youth and Strength because he hath better Security for his Maintenance than Money of his own Laying up But of this sort of Poor I design a Discourse in the Second Part of Essayes on Trade c. I am now on that of Infant-Poor and besides that of the Parish there is another Provision which for as much as it takes up makes a fine Shew but yet in my Opinion that Charity might be better disposed than to keep Children till they are Thirteen or Fourteen Years of Age without any Labour and then often taken away by Gentlemen that perhaps keep them to wait on them or some other Imployment that is more proper for one that hath been by Misfortune fallen from a Competency and is too far grown to beg in a Manual Education For this reason I think there should not be one taken out of an Hospital but to some Mechanick Art or Navigation I know there are some that tell us It is pity where an Ingenious Boy shall be found but that he should be advanced according to his Genious in Learning If our Nation did want such Men there might be some pretence for this Opinion though perhaps I should be still against it But when we see such Excess of Studients that there is not Preferment for them we have not to the Degree of Clerks for some that perhaps if they had according to their Learning and Parts might deserve Preferment in Church and State but the Stock is too many for the Pasture and that brings many Young Gentlemen to Misfortune who have been well Educated That being all their Fathers could give them and being born Gentlemen not so agreeable to set to Mechanical Labour as it is for the most Ingenious Boy an Hospital can produce his Original must be derived from thence And so a Handicraft Trade cannot be too mean for him and if he be of Extraordinary Understanding let him lay it out in Curious Arts and Manufactoryes such would be of more use to the Nation and of such we cannot have too many And if there were the same Conduct in the Great Community of a Nation as there is in Private Families And I see no reason why there may not there would not be so many Thousands in this Kingdom sent out of their Hives without a Sting and so become Drones Living on the Labour of the Industrious Bee so I think them that are not bred up in some Imployment Now to make a lasting Reformation in this thing I conceive it must be to begin at the Root Manure and Improve the first Sprouts as they come into the World And that brings me to a Proposition that was brought to some of the greatest Ministers in Church and State where it met with so good a Reception that some of them were pleased to say That though they had for several Years been labouring for such a thing and had made some Progress in it yet they could never frame a Scheme but there was some objection to it but in this they saw none and therefore Resolved upon the Kings Return from Flanders to lay it before His Majesty The Late Arch Bishop of Canterbury few Dayes before his Death expressed his Earnest Desires and Intentions to promote so good a Work as he was pleased to call it and said he would loose no time for fear it might be lost if he that was Master of it should die before it was Established there being some things reserved by the Proposer until he had Assurance of His Majesties Approbation As far as I have Liberty to make it Publick I shall shall here set down the Proposition That so if better Heads can Correct or Improve it the Nation may have the Advantage by Inlarging a thing which may be of so Publick a Benefit The Proposition was as followeth That a Charter be Granted to such as shall be willing to Erect Hospitals and Working-Schools through the Kingdom for Poor Children on the Terms following 1. That they shall be obliged to Receive from all the Parishes in England if the Parish think fit such Children as they have at the Charge of the Parish The Parish paying Ten Pound and sending them with Two Suits of Cloaths 2. The Schools and Hospitals taking them in at Seven Years of Age and to teach them to Read and Write and Imploy them chiefly in the Linnen Manufactory and Cordage The Boys to be discharg'd at the Years of Twenty One and the Girls at Eighteen by which time they may be made perfect in the Art of Spinning and Weaving Linnen neither of which are improved to the height in this Nation 3. That forasmuch as it is hoped many Charitable and Well-disposed People will Extend their Bounty to the Poor this way if they might set out a Poor Child so as it may be put in a good way of Subsistance for its whole Life 4. That these Hospitals and Schools be obliged to take in from all Persons Children upon Reasonable Tearms And forasmuch as it may be of a more Universal Benefit to the Kingdom to leave a Latitude to the Governours of these Working Schools to breed up such of the Boys as shall have a Genius to any other Mechanical Art that then they may be so Instructed And also for the