thinges faill and waxe woorth nothinge ¶ What thinges are to be considered in traueilinge The. 5. Chapter ALthough it may bée sufficiently conceiued by those thinges which wee haue set downe in the Chapters goyng béefore what it béehooueth him to obserue that meaneth to Traueyll with profite notwithstanding I purpose to prosecute euerie thing more exactlye imitating the example of Moyses who most diligentlye discerned the differences béetwéene Mountaynes Hilles Landes Peoples Townes fieldes and Forestes adding moreouer what is to bée considered in them all For thus hee sayde to them whom hee sent to viewe the lande of Chanaan When yée shall come vnto the Hilles consider the lande what maner one it is and consyder the people that dwell therein whether they bée stronge or weake manye or fewe the Lande good or bad what Cyties there bee Walled or not Walled the soyle fertile or barreine wooddie or champion So that there bee fiue principall poyntes too bee considered in euerie Cuntrey the Name Figure Bignesse Iurisdiction and situation To the Name belongeth howe it was called of olde and howe at this present for oftentimes the names of Regions ar changed according to varietie of time and inhabitauntes So Italy was first called Ianicula of Ianus or of Noa who was called Oenotrius wherof the same was also called Oenotria after that it was named Camesena Saturnia Appennina Taurina Vitullia Hesperia also and Ausonia vntil at length it was tearmed by the name of Italia Italie whych remayneth to this presente the occasions of all which names are partlye noted by Cato and Berosus and partly by suche as haue written the Historie and described the antiquityes of the same Cuntrey as Polybius Halicarnasseus and others By the Figure I meane the fourme and fashion of the Cuntry So Sicile is sayde to bée of a three square fourme and Critias in Plato reporteth of a certeyne Egiptian Priest of whom Solon demaunded certeine questions concernyng antiquitie to whom hée answered that Countrey to bée of a thrée square fourme out of whose toppe the Streames of Nilus are deuided c. There is also another distinction of Cuntries and places For euery lande is eyther an Ilande as Sicile or Peninsula that is to say almost an Ilande called also Chersonesus as Taurica Chersonesus now called the lesse Tartaria or Isthmus that is to say a narow land béetwéene two Seas as Isthmus Corinthiacus Corinthe in Greece or else a mayne and continent lande â—s Saxonie Misnia Thuring as Cosmographers teache By Bignesse I vnderstande the capacitie and widenesse which is discerned in length and bredth of a Cuntrey likewise in the compasse boundes and buttes wherwith it is enuironed in respect of the Coastes of the world and Peoples Riuers or Hilles wherevpon it bordereth By Iurisdiction vnderstande the rule and maner of gouernment which is in that Lande which being diuerse amoÌ„g diuerse peoples and belonging rather to euery priuate prouince or peculiar citie then vnto whole regions I meane to entreate of the differences of them hereafter in this Chapter The situation of a Countrey is eyther hillie or plaine and the same againe either coasting or inlande Which diuersitie tooke beginning euen from verie nature and bringeth with it sundry great commodities For as the same Priest in Plato teacheth they that dwell vppon the toppes of the hilles are safe from fluddes and drowning and there is also an auncient contention béetwéene the Aegyptians and Scythians concerning antiquitie for that the Scythians saye they were first made who dwelling in the higher places are best able to abide the Colde and stande not in feare that the Sunne set them on fiere nor dreade the breakyng in of the Sea vppon them béeing neuer able to rise vp vnto them to theyr anoyance In the former Bookes De Republica a certen Athenian asked a man of Crete who had saide that the greater parte of the Cretens had determyned to make a Colonie abroade and had commited the charge thereof to the Gnosij whether that Colonie shoulde lye vpon the Sea side or not c. There bée also other diuersyties béetwéene Regions or soyle and earth all whyche Leuinus Lemnius the Dutchman hath lately vttred in his woorke which he hath set foorth of the secret miracles of nature And those thynges whiche wée haue hetherto admonished in this Chapter to bée obserued by Traueilers hath Franciscus Patritius Senensis also noted in his woorke of the Institution of a Kinge and a Kingdome But wée must vnderstand that it is not sufficient to haue marked the differences of the letters and woordes vnlesse wée note also the ground or soile Hilles Riuers Lakes Ponds woods the cities also in them For some ground is barrein some fruitful which Moses willed his Surueiers to marke which also the Athenian in Plato teacheth So likewise some hilles brynge foorthe trees and some doe not some ryuers abounde with fishe some not And most sure it is that the Genoans are muche destitute of these two thinges The like also is to bée iudged of wooddes Lakes and standyng Pondes who for the diuersitie of trées and fyshes that are in them are accustomably praysed or dispraysed of Rhetricians The viewing of Cityes requyreth muche more diligence for in them there are both publique and prinate woorkes to bée séene Publique woorkes bée eyther holye or profane The holye woorkes are Cathedrall Churches Minsters Abbeis and other Churches wherof althoughe there bée some founde verye fayre manye tymes out of Cities yet are they more commonlye in Cyties then in Villagies The profane workes are pallaices Market places fieldes Theaters Courtes Schooles Hospitals Spittles for sick diseased persons Castles Armaries bulwarkes turrets all kinde of municion Priuate woorkes I call such notable thinges as are séene in the houses of priuate men and citizens as Pictures Gardaines Fountaynes or whatsoeuer else is worth the seing whervnto also maye Potecaties Shoppes bée anexed since for the most part they are priuate mens goods as lybraries are the common wealthes Howbeit it maye bee that they may bothe béelong to the Princes reuenue as bathes doe wyth many other things moe And like as when we enter into consideration of any Cuntrey aboue althing it behooueth vs to know the name thereof the cause of the name if it bée possible to knowe it so muste wée doe also in the viewe of any Citie So at Ianua in a certen Citizens house these verses following are written vpon the name and founder of that Citie I Ianus of religion of peace and God of right Am he of old that built this citie braue that standes in sight These three shall keepe the towne and nephues keepe these three in hand Beleeue mee where these three shal be exild no towne can stand And immediatly after Phetiton nephue to Ianus father to Ligurius who brought the EgiptiaÌ„ Colonies froÌ„ Attica to the citie of Ianua in the yeare after the fludde 450. Thus when wee haue vnderstoode
the name and founder of the Citie wee must next haue regarde to the maner of gouernment For there is one maner of lyuing vnder a Monarchie as in Spayne and in Fraunce another in Aristocratie as now in Venice and in old time in Sparta another in Democratie wherwith the Switchers preserue their lybertie and cuntrey at this daye And although all Philosophers and studients of pollice suppose that al kinds of gouerment may bee comprehended vnder one of these thrée if the abuse as well as the right vse of them be weighed yet experience teacheth it to be otherwise For there be certen cuntries Realmes and Cities at this present whiche are gouerned by the Kinge and the Nobillitie together as Denmarke and as it was likewise at Rome in the time of the Kings vnto the Tarquines some by the King and commonaltie as Persia some by the Nobilitie and commonalty as Florence Siene and diuers other Cities of Italie the lyke whereof was practized at Rome after the expulsion of the Kinges at Lacedaemon and Athens finally some are gouerned by the Kinge Nobylitie and coÌ„monaltye as Germanie and Polande Which being knowne wée must marke how in euery kinde of gouerment the Empire is ether continued or increased or lost and with what new lawes officers and Maiestrates they vse to furnishe themselues when they perceaue their state to bée in perill Which poyncte how full of difficultie it is euery one knoweth séeing as Cicero saith it is the part of a straunger not to bee inquisitiue in a strange place and not to be curious in a forraine common wealth But truly he that studieth to doo his Cuntrey good must néedes doo so Last of all he muste bée very well acquainted with the maners and conditions of the men with whom he lyueth not to the intent onely to aplye himselfe vnto them in that respecte but also in diet and apparell and all their maner of lyuing or whatsoeuer perticular thinge there be that may instruct him in language or behauiour or help his iudgment or serue him enie way that may be profitable vnto maÌ„kind I knowe there bée some that wyll say that these thinges whiche I gyue in precept are for the more part friuolous since there is no one man that can obserue all thinges muchlesse he that geueth himselfe wholy to some profession or studieth some other thing for whiche he hath traueiled I graunt it is true nether writte I this to the ende that I woulde haue all men to obserue all of them for a man must spende more time in one thing then in another whiche I haue noted also before notwithstandinge whosoeuer hath traueiled for studies sake or for any other cause maye somtime be so much at leasure as to obserue some other thinges that are profitable and commodius for the societie of men And albeit diuers things may bée necessary for diuers persoÌ„s according to the end which euery one proposeth to him self the frute which he hopeth to reap of his traueil notwithstanding I thinke this our writing wil be vnto some right profitable For why our precepts ar general may be applied vnto al trauel whe thersoeuer but chefly to the which is takeÌ„ in hande for matter of state and pollicie and which maketh men méete and fit to geue counsell and to gouerne the common wealth Who so hath proposed himselfe any other ende as a Physition a Souldiour or Merchant hee may omit certen of these place other in theyr stéede And it shal be more profitable that euery one weigh with himselfe the knowledge of what things wil most farther hym towardes the attaynment of that for whiche hee traueileth For hee that so doth shall receiue largest commoditie thereof and soonest hit the marke whereat he shooteth what euer trade of lyfe hée foloweth ¶ How wee ought to make a Choyce of suche thinges as wee see or learne in traueilling and of the Traueillers Priuileges The 6. Chapter YOungemen that traueill muste bée admonished of this one thinge that whilst they bée viewing althing searchinge and learninge they bée also mindfull of their retourninge into their owne Cuntreye For they that doo not so they liue but for one daye as the Prouerbe sayeth and are but litle prouident for their owne welfare For since in all places of the Worlde there are found both good and éeuell men and there is no Nation so relygious and ciuile but hath some vices also adioyned vnto the vertues wherewith it is indued so are the greatest and most hainous â—ownde amongest them that abounde with most commendable vertues For séeinge that good and éeuell stande in opposition and contrarietie one to the other it followeth that one of them holde vp and sustayne another and that the one cannot bee without the other as what place were there for Iustice if there were no iniuries for Magnanimitie if there were no fainthartinesse for continencie if there were no lustinge nor intemperauncie for health if ther were no sickly persons for truth if ther wer no lyes for felicytie if there were no miserie That Socrates in Plato sayde very well how he much marueiled that Esope deuised neuer a fable wherein God ioined the extremities of these contraries together in such maner that one touched the other and the ende of one were the beginning of another Wherfore it behoueth a traueiller to bee circumspect that hée embrace not vices in stéede of vertues not onely in that wée bée all more prone by Nature to vice then vertue but bicause vices are often couered with names of the nearest vertues and vertues also stayned with title of next vices As for example when wée call a man that vseth his lybertie arregant a modest man simple one of fewe wordes ignoraunt a good man wicked a wise man craftye the lyke whereof happeneth also in other thinges And manytimes pleasures make a man not thinke on hys returne wherewith mannie are tought as Fishes with a hooke vnto whiche effecte those Meremaides are of much force by whose swéete songes sundrye are intrapped vnlesse they stop their eares well againste their hermonie there bée also infinite other allurementes accordinge to the diuersitie of the Cuntrey To these also this often happneth that there are some forreine People so craftie and suttle that when they perceaue a man to bée enamoured with their pleasures they leaue no meanes vnassaid to detaine him lenger with them chaunginge themselues into all fourmes and figures after the maner of Protheus both to cosin hym of his money and as Circe did to Vlisses mates transforme him from a man to a beast Wherefore if therebe neede of wisdome in any thing surely it néedeth in this which Homere also signysieth in many places in the Odissea vnder the person of Vlisses For such is the ignorance of mans vnderstandinge the vntowardnes of his corrupt nature so great that hée cannot discerne good from éeuel vertue from vice with out difficultie And although wée graunt that some
Forum Vulcani Vulcanes Merket place Chap. 10 Puteolis the Citie Puteolis Chapt. 11 An Hill arisinge out of the grounde Chap. 12. The Hill Pausilypus Chap. 13. The Citie of Naples Chap. 14 Gardeines Chap. 15. Welles and Streetes Chap. 16 The Merket place and Churches Chap. 17. Storehouses Castles and Armories Chap. 18. Antiquities the Vniuersitie and peculyar properties of the Citie and People of Naples Chap. 19. The Kinges Pittes or Pondes and the Hill Vesuuius called now Summi and of others Chap. 20. FINIS ¶ Names of the Aucthours and Bookes that are cited in this Woorke ANtonius de Rossis a Lawier Athenaeus Berosus Bible Blondus Brissionius a lawier Cato de Originibus Cicero Ciriacus Anconitanus Claudianus Clemens Alexandrinus Copernicus Dion Cassius Nicaeus Dionisius Halicarnasseus Erasmi adagia Euripides Festus Pomponius Fort. quaestiones Franciscus Senensis Furius Coriolanus Homerus Horatius Ius Canonicum Ius Ciuile Iuuenalis Landus Hortensius Leander Bononiensis Leges xii tabularum Leuinus Lemnius Liuius Ouidius Plato Plautus Plinius secundus Plinius nat hist scriptor Plutarchus Polibius Pomponius Laetus Propertius Senecae Seruius Sulpitius Silius Italicus Simon Portius Strabo Triumphus Neapolitanus Thucydides Varro de ling. Latina Vegetius Virgilius Vorthusius Vitruuius Volaterranus Xenophon ¶ At Bononie the firste Stone from the Citie in the villedge of Marke Antonie de L'auolta a Senatour standeth this Monument to bee séene Alia Loelia Crispis neither Man nor Woman nor Mungrell neither Maide nor younge Woman nor old Wife neither Chast nor a Harlot nor Honest But all Dyinge neither by Famine nor Sworde nor Poyson But by all Lying neither in the open Ayre nor in the Water nor in the Earth But euery where Lucius Agatho Priscius vnto her neyther Husband nor Louer nor Kinseman neither Sorowfull nor Glad nor Weeping this Monument beeyng neyther Heape nor Piller nor Sepulcher But all He knoweth and yet hee cannot tell for whom hee hath erected OF THE DEFInition of Trauaile with a proposition therto anexâ—◠¶ The first Chapter THis worde Peregrinus which signifieth a straunger or traueiler in the Latine tongue in sundrye ages hath had sundry significations For as Varro and Festus Pomponius doe report the auntient Romans called an enemie by the name of Peregrinus a stranger and an enemie whom they cal now at this present Hostis they tearmed theÌ„ Perduellis in which significatioÌ„ it was thus written in the lawes of the xij tables If you haue appoynted anye daie with a straunger you muste needes come But that worde grewe out of the signification of a straunger and continued so long in signifying one that was our aduersarie or tooke armes against vs vntill it fell to a more gentle vse the Romanes calling all such only by the name of Straungers as were not frée of the Citie of Rome as beeing perhaps Latines borne or altogither Aliens and in this signification it is vsed at this present So that this worde Peregrinari to traueile descendeth from the worde Peragrare to wander which signifieth to traueyle in straunge and forreine Cuntreyes to wander in places aswell vnknowne as knowne out of a mans own Cuntrey or Citie Which may well be perceiued by the testimonie of Plautus where he sayth I am a Straunger that is to saye borne in a forreine lande I knowe not Sauria c. And likewise it appeareth in Cicero which Citizens sayth hée are better then Straungers our owne Countreymen then aliens that is to saye then those that come hether to dwell from other places Herehence it commeth that wée call strange trées and straunge birdes which eysher were brought vnto vs from other places or else were neuer seene amongst vs béefore Likewise straunge seruing of God with vnaccustomed rites and maners which eyther wée haue borowed froÌ„ other places for religions â—ake or else are by vs lykewise celebrated executed not after our owne custome but after some rare and straunge order After this maner that wee now speake of the seruice and Sacrifice of the noble and great mother of the Gods who was called Cybala and Rhea and by many others names moe also of Ceres and Aesculapius might well bée called of the Romans straunge eyther for that they were far set namely out of Phrigia Greece and Epidaurus eyther for that looke howe they were vsed in those places euen so were they in Rome also Moreouer there is mencion made in the Ciuile lawe of a straunge Praetor and likewise in the Canon law of strange iudgementes In Iustinians Code this woorde Peregrinus a straunger is somtime takeÌ„ for one that is brought away to another place sometime for one that wandreâ—â— abroade hauing no certeyne place of abode wherein I haue noted this much bicause I woulde gladly omitte nothing that myght apperteyne to the signification of that woord wherof wée presently entreate All which matters béeing omitted this is an auncient question whether traueyling do a man more good or harme which seeyng that it lieth more in the power of Fortune then in our owne good will and industry it may séeme that it is but a vayne matter to mooue any such question â–ª But in very déede the truth of the thing standeth otherwyse For those that traueyl all doo not commit theÌ„selues to straunge and forreyne Cuntryes to the entent to consume there their time in idlenesse to bée subiect as a mocking stocke vnto Fortune but they haue sometimes iust causes that mooue them and some proposed ende in respecte wherof they take in hande theyr traueyll Wherefore wée must distinguishe this kind of traueyll which hath some certeyne ende proposed from that which is taken in hande onely for Idlenesse sake Howbeit this last kinde cannot iustly bée called by the name of Idlenesse since it hath some small delight yet not tending at all to any ende adioyning vnto it For true delight and pleasure is sought for in respect of some ende and whereas is no end there also can bée no pleasure for in all kinde of trauailing there is certen paine labour contained which repugneth against idlenesse tending vnto vertue not to vice insomuch that if wée doe vprightly weigh the thing we shal then finde that Traueill is nothing else but a paine taking to see and searche forreine landes not to bee taken in hande by all sorts of persons or vnaduisedly but such as are meete thereto eyther to the ende that they may attayne to suche artes and knowledge as they are desirous to learne or exercise or else to see learne and diligently to marke suche things in strange Countries as they shall haue neede to vse in the common trade of lyfe wherby they maye profite themselues their friendes and Countrey if neede require This definition who so marketh well hée shall easely make answere to the question erewhile propounded For hée shall not onelye discerne traueyll from sluggish Idlenesse whilest he placeth this worde Payne for the generall signification which the Logicians do cal Genus but also
comprehendeth manie other thinges which the Rethoritians and Logicians doe vsually handle by Thesis and Hipothesis definite and indefinite questions whollye settinge downe béefore our eyes whatsoeuer apperteineth to this present question And whereas all kinde of paynes are not taken in traueilyng therefore haue I called it the payne to see and serch wherto I adde these wordes Foraine Lands that I may distinguishe it from small and short iourneis which enie man taketh in hande for pleasures sake in his owne cuntrey But let vs now procéede in order to the rest ¶ What Persons are meete or vnmeete to Traueil and also of the causes of Traueill Chapter 2. NAture teacheth vs that Infants Aged persons such as haue weake bodies are of al others lesse meet to traueill And although it oftentimes chanceth through the iniquitie of the tyme or some common calamitie thereto constraining that persons of such age and condicion are enforced to traueill yet are they vnméet for it not being able to abide those paynes that accustomablye befal to traueillers Like as Iacob méetinge with his brother Esau excuseth himselfe from traueylynge by reason of his young Children who if they were weryed but with one dayes traueill wold die w the paines of so long a iourney And as touching old folke by proofe it is euident that they are nothing méet to traueill since ould age of it selfe is supposed to be an heuy burthen Which the Poet Ouid hath done vs to vndeostand in the 4. Booke De Tristibus th◠viii Elege And lykewise the noble Poet Homer hath a notable sayinge of one sore laden with yéeres which Verses may thus be englished Such one art thou who hauinge was he themselues and fead their fill Strait couch them downe to sleepe ▪ this is the vse of Ouldmen still Ther is also some difference to be had in the sexe in respect of Decorum or cumlynes publique honesty howbeit the same is not euery where accordinglye obserued For the Dutch Wéemen and those that inhabit the Ilands of Sealand doe not only occupy buying selling at home more dilygently then that men doe but they traueil also vnto the furthermost partes of the world to trafacque and occupy Merchaindize And for so doynge they are neuer a whit the more discommended especially amonge their owne cuntrye folke But in other regions of this our Europe the same custome is not obserued as it was not also vsuall amōgst our auntiēt fathers in foretime as it playnely appeareth by example of Medea who when shée ascended into that Castle and Temple of Corinthe indeuoringe by all meanes to perswade the Matrones and kepers of the same temple that they should suspect no éeuell in that shee had bene so longe absent from her owne cuntrey forsomuch as many haue cōmendably béehaued themselues being out of their owne natiue soyles they gaue her no answer at all that shée might vnderstand that the wide wandring of Wéemen cannot want suspition bringeth some tokē of dishonestie Whereupon the Tragicall and Comicall Poets when they bringe in any far traueiling Woman for the most parte they feine her to be incontinent Semblably frantique and furious Persons are vnfit to traueill For séeinge that they are distracte of their right wittes they are accompted also vnméet to deale in all ciuile affaires There bée lykewise manie thinges moe that stay sundrye from trauellinge that whoso shall bée frée and voyd of them then they are not forbidden to take the labor in hand especially in their youth or at mans state For these ages are not onely fit to endure Labours but those things whiche we sée heare and learne at those dayes are soonest fired in memory and longest continue Which being so it may then séeme straunge that Plato an excellent Philosopher and a moste dyligent searcher out of all thinges hath especiallye apoynted that tearme of mans lyfe vnto traueill whiche is betwéene fiftye and thréescore For since at the time al the strength of mans body beginneth to decreace it séemeth very ridiculous for the age that then is weakned and drawing apace to death to bée oppoynted vnto youthly labours and as the cōmon saying is to heape one mischiefe vpon another But I lyke of Platoes opinion well enough For hée forbiddeth not but that younger men also may traueill being not otherwise possible but the men wyll pas and repasse the seas and otherwise to which he also affirmeth Wherfore such as haue time and leasure and are desierous to sée the trades and maners of other peoples bee wyll not haue prohibited by enie laws to the contrarie bicause that a desolate Citie and such an one as knoweth not what is good or bad in forein countreys is verie far from perfection And whereas hee hath apointed that terme of yéeres to be emploid in traueill the reason is this for that hée would haue that time especiallye to bée béestowed in learninge of maners and searchinge other knowledge For since at those yéeres mans iudgement is moste perfect hée is the better able to discerne and iudge of matters then in his youth or old age wherof the one is rather enclined to vice then vertue and is ruled by affection the other beginneth to fail in memory and cannot well vse the iudgement of the sences And although hée forbidde not young men to traueill wherby they also may sumdeale profite in maners and knowledge notwithstandinge forasmuch as that age is but of weake iudgment hee cōmitteth that care to men of ryper yéeres not so much for priuat as for common cōmodytie For he willeth them at their retourne home diligently to reporte vnto the Senate whatsoeuer notable thing and worthy of memorye they haue séene in forreine cuntries either concerning lawes or bringing vp or appertaininge to knowledge that if it might happen the same to be liked of it might be receiued into the common wealth And lyke as there bee many thinges that may hinder a man from traueiling although he woulde neuer so faine so may there also bee diuers and sundry causes why a man ought to traueill and those likewise sumtimes such whereof a man neuer thought before For some men are naturally enforced to traueill or rather to wander abroad after the maner of Cilenius as those in whose natyuitie the moone is placed with Mercurie in the nineth house especially in a moouable signe or soome other lyke iudgemente in this matter and other some grow into that nature by custom And others agayne traueill for gaines and commoditie as Merchantes some for vertues sake as those that apply the studie of good Arts howbeit these also reape gayne and commoditie of traueill at their due time season For Gain is two fold the one honest which is ioyned vnto vertue and honor that which the students and professours of good arts do attayne Likewise souldyeurs which a◠content with their pay as S. Iohn saith and Merchantes if they desire to waxe ritch after no dishonest sort The other
the moste exquisite figures of Geometrie From thence to Babilon where of the Chaldes hée learned the course of the Planets their stations circuit and effects ouer these inferiour bodies Then goynge backe into Crete how he came to Lacedaemon to vnderstand the most famous lawes which flourished at that time made by Lycurgus and Minos Lastlye arriuinge in Italie how hee remayned at the citie of Croton the space of twenty yéeres where by hys aucthoryty he reclaymed the people that were woont to lyue in all dissolutnesse bringing them to a frugale trade of life the Matrones to chastitie the youth to modesty insomuch the the wéemen being mooued with his holynesse and vertue left of their golden Garmentes other excesse of furniture and Ornamentes which they were woont to were consecrating theÌ„ vnto Iuno At the leÌ„gth how hée sayled to MetapentuÌ„ and there died where hee was had in such admiration that they made a Church of his house and offered Diuine Sacrifice vnto him And whether traueiled not also Apollonius his Scholer Beyng a MagiciaÌ„ and a Philosopher he passed ouer Caucasus he went through the Albani Scythians Massagetes the most wealthiest Realmes of India and passyng ouer the broade ryuer Phison came to the Brachmannj to heare Hiarchas sitting in his throne of Golde and drinking of Tantalus well amonge a fewâ— Schollers dispute of the Nature and motions of the Planetes and of the inequalitie of the dayes From theÌ„ce how hée traueiling by the Elamites Babilonians Chaldees Medes Assyrians Parthians Syrians Phoenicians Arabians Iewes returning to Alexandria departed into Aethiopia to heare the Gymnosophistes and to béehold that most renoumed table of the Sunne standing vppon the Sea beache rightly being of opinion that a man may learne somwhat in euery place and better himself whersoeuer he becommeth So likewise Plato hearde Architas Tarentinus in the same part of Italy which once was called Crateres Aetnae nowe commonly tearmed Mongibello notwithstandynge that amonge the Athenians it was forbydden by lawe vppon paine of death that no Grecian shuld go into that Ilande Moreouer hée traueilled into Aegypt to learne antiquities of the wise men of that lande from whence there is no doubt but hée brought all the wisdome and knowledge which hée lefte to posteritie in which he excelled in such fort that in respect therof he was called Diuine Prince of Philosophers It is not necessarye to recyte manye moe of this sort eyther more auncient theÌ„ these or of latter yéeres béeyng euident that all they haue done the lyke whosoeuer are commended for renowne and learning And vnlesse they had done so they could not haue drawne vnto themselues such flockes of schollers nor haue raysed so many Sâ—ctes as Socrates the Socraticke Plato the Academick Aristotle the Peripateticke Zeno the Stoicke Pythagoras the Pythagorick Antistenes the Cynicke Aristippus the Cyrenaicke and other lykewyse others The lyke is also in Phisitions whether wée speake of Greekes or Arabicks For that I may say nothing of Aesculapius whom in the old tyme they feygned to bée God of Physick it is certeyne that Hyppocrates dyd not onely practyze his arte at home but also in forreyne Cuntryes For hée dwelt manie yéeres in Thessalia being borne in Coos being sent for to Abdera draue away the pestilence from that city And although for y great loue he bare to his own Cuntrey he wold not go visite Artexerxes being therto prouoked with gret rewardes yet was he naturally delighted to traueill and therfore it is written that hée woare euermore a cloake GaleÌ„ the best learned of all Phisitions hearde Pelops and Satyrus teach at Smyrna and Numesianus at Corinthe and afterward traueiled through other partes of the world And first he went to Alexandria where when hee had stayed some space and wandred ouer all the lande of Egypt lying round about hee departed vnto Palaestina in Syria Hée sayled to Lemnos and Cyprus to th' intent to bring sundrie thinges from thence seruing to the vse of Phisicke to doe hys Cuntreymen of Pergamum pleasure withall Notwithstanding hée stayd not long at home but vpon occasion of a sedition rising hée departed to Rome From whence be returned home again after that the sedicion was quieted where hée continued so long vntill after a long time hée was sent for to Rome agayne by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Emperours of Rome But at the last he returned againe into his Cuntrey there ended his life The Arabian Phisitions also were no lesse giuen to traueile as Auicen witnesseth of himselfe that hée had welnigh traueiled ouer all the world What shall I speake of Oratours and Poetes whose nature is properly to traueill as Plato beareth recorde and their duetie requireth them to doe so to maintaine common tranquilitie or for any other cause which poinct is also coÌ„man vnto all ciuill and politicke persons with Oratours For while they traueil abroade and looke diligently to their dutie other Citizens may tarie at home and the common wealth be in quietnes which innumerable examples bothe of Greeke and Latine Histories do teach both in Thucidides and Liuie Howbeit now at the last let vs examine the auncient lawe makers first founders of ceremonies as Moyses that brought lawes vnto the Iewes written in tables of stone with Gods owne finger lykewise Orpheus which dyd the like vnto the Thracians Minos Rhadamantus to the Cretens Zamolx is to the Scythians Lycurgus to the Lacedaemonians and Draco with Solon who prescribed lawes and order of liuing to the people of Athens Surely wee shall finde that they had all traueiled But if wée will weigh the Lawgiuers of one common wealth onely as namely of the Citie of Rome they will bring vs forth example enoughe who haue described their liues at large wherein the president of one onely shall suffice vs in the stéede of many that is of P. Seruilius Sulpitius Ruffus For it is wel known how hée accoÌ„panied Cicero into Rhodes there to apply the studie of Eloquence and Philosophie and afterwarde lyued at Rome to the great commoditie of the commonwealth so longe vntyll Caesar ouerthrewe Pompei in the Pharsalicall batteil and obteined the superiority For in those troublesome dayes hée abode som space at Samos in other places disputing in the Schooles of the Pontificial lawe But when Caesar returned into Italie hée was not onely restored into the Citie but also made Liuetenaunt of Greece as long as Caesar lyued but when he was slain he returned to Rome Finally if wée peruse the lyues of interpretours of the Law both new and olde wée shall finde that there haue bin manie moe strangers haue taught and professed the Civile Lawe in anye place theÌ„ of them that were borne there in the same Cuntrey The truth wherof is yet to bée séene in Italie Germanie and Fraunce where the Ciuile law is in price For there bee many Realmes that vse theyr owne Municipall or Countrie lawes onely not the Romane as
companion to Paule a Syrian borne in the Citie of Antioche and wrat his Gospell in Achaia and died in the same cuntry Likewise S. Marke the Euangelist was borne in the citie of Antioch sayled to Rome from whence traueillyng to Alexandria to teach the gospell there hée conuerted the inhabitantes of Aquileia now called Algar neare borderers vnto the faith of Christ and was enstauled their Byshop Touchinge the other two Euangelists the matter is euident enough to bée séene in the liues of the Apostles No les also the fathers that is to saye the interpretours of the holy Scripture were affectioned to traueill as well as other men which is also apparant by their liues as in the liues of Ierome and Augustine For Ierome being borne at Stridon a Citie in Pannonia learned straunge toongues at Rome and went afterward into Syria and from thence to Bethlaëm wher hée died in the 91. yeare of his age as some haue writen To conclude it is most certenlye knowne that all that euer were of any great aucthoritie knowlege learning or wisedom since the beginning of the world vnto this present haue geuen themselues to traueill and that there was neuer man that performed any great thinge or atchieued any notable exploit vnlesse hée had traueilled ¶ Of such matter as is commonly obiected against Traueilers with a confutation thereof The. 8. Chapter BUt there are some that much embase traueilling deterring men froÌ„ it many waies These holde opinion that the name of Traueillyng is not only infamous but also the thing it selfe which they proue out of certen places of Tully and of Vlpian the Lawyer For in the Thusculane Questions Tullie compareth banishment with Traueill and in an Epistle to Caelius hée embaseth Traueill terminge it reprochfull and filthy And Vlpain calleth it Deportation a tearme of the law being a punishmeÌ„t wherin a man both looseth his goodes is disfrauched his citie and is apointed certen limits within which hée shall dwell and abide After this maner the Poet Ouid was exiled vnto the citie of Tomos in Pontus léesing the benefit of the citie and all his goods being excheated Quer this they obiect that Traueillers are in hatred amonge good men reguarded none otherwise but as Rogues and Vacaboundes that can tarie in no place although indéede they haue verie iust cause to goe abroad And therfore they call them wandring Planets and Vacaboundes as if they were forced thereto for some punishment or were in such wise by God punished And that by the example of Cain whoÌ„ God cursed saying that he should be a Vacabounde vpon the earth béeinge also an accustomable maner of cursing among the ancient people in foretime as Odeipus did among the Tragidies writers Whervpon hath growne the Prouerbe Oedipus curse Laertius writeth that Diogenis the Ethnick was wont to say that he had met with some tragicall curse For hee saide he was without house without Citie depriued of his cuntrey hauinge no certentie of his lyfe Thirdly they crie out against traueilers as iniurious to their Parentes friendes wyues and children whylst they seperate theÌ„selues after a maner voluntarely from them Like as Propertius inueieth against one Posthumus that through an vnsatiable desire of warfare suffred himselfe to be caried away from the most pleasaunt companie of his wife whose curse is this If I may wishe would God yee greedie wretches all were dead Or who so else loues warres aboue his faithfull spouses bed And no lesse they wish vnto him commoÌ„ly who hath more delight to waÌ„der abrood and neuer bide in one place theÌ„ tariyng in their owne natiue cuntrey enioy the most acceptable companie conuersatioÌ„ of their friends kinsfolks whervpoÌ„ it was written by the Poet. Him I accuse and much accompt vnwise Abandoning his natiue Cuntrey soile Who so the same so lightly doth dispise And loues abrod in foreine land to toile Fourthly they complaine that Traueilers must indure infinite labours and troubles not only stand in daunger of their goods but often of their life also Which thing surely caÌ„not be denied as it is prooued by the examples of Vlisses and Aeneas Fifthly this saying is vsually obiected against them that is to say They which run ouersea chaunge the aire not their minde and reprochfully they allege those verses which are written against such who traueiling abroad to studie returne home againe neuer a whit better learned then when they went foorth Whoso to Paris to his booke doth send a foolish Asse Shall there be made no horse but bide as erst before he was By these such like prouerbes sayings they séeme to auouch thrée things First that the exchaunge of place doth not change the persons nature Secondly that vertues vices are borne with vs and not first grow in vs Thirdly that vertues cannot bée learned nor vices forgotteÌ„ Al which allegacioÌ„s of theirs are false as hereafter we meane to declare Sixtly the cite Lycurgus lawe out of Plato wherein hée forbad his Citizens the Lacedaemonians to traueill alledginge for a cause that then they shall not bring straunge orders and fashions into the Commonwealth which is a reason verie plausible and alledged also by Plato Seuenthly they bring foorth Claudianus verses against them O happie hee that spent his daies in natiue Soyles delight Whom one self house hath seene a child and eke an aged wight Who limping with his staffe wher once he playd the litle Mouse Can count the manie yeeres which hee hath past in one poore house And also the verses of Horace writen in the ij Ode with Ouid likewise wher he sayth Who least hath liu'd in light beleeue mee best his dayes hath spent And eche man ought to liue within his boundes and be content Al which testimonies iâ—inctly confirm that the happie lyfe consisteth in Idlenesse But Traueilers may not liue idly if they be carefull of their affaires and meane to looke well to their businesse wherby they cannot bée thought to leade the happy lyfe since they mete with so many mischeifes and dangers with sundrye casualities of Fortune that béefall in traueillinge Let vs therfore examine these argumentes and answer to these obiections being mindfull of the same definition which we haue set downe at the béeginning and of such matter as we haue declared in the former chapter touching the declaracioÌ„ of it And as touchinge the first two arguments For that which they call Deportation or exile is one thing and traueill an other and that by consent of all Gramarianes And although the antique Writers haue frequented one of these wordes for an other notwithstanding ech of them haue begon now to haue their proper and distinct signification which the custume of such as speake properly hath obtayned And therefore although Cicero do compare exile w traueill yet is exile one thing and traueill another Againe it is one thing perpetually to traueill of which kind of trauel Cicero speketh in the place alledged another thing to traueill for a time
Schismes and Heresies in religion dissentions in Commonwealthes opinions in Philosophie and Physick with other mischeiues and discommodities in other Artes and thinges nourishyng a certen selfe loue in all men and somtime bringinge destruction vnto whole Commonwealthes ¶ An Answere to the principall question with a notable commendation of Traueill therto annexed The. 9. Chapter NOw therfore it is no hard matter to answer vnto the question which wée mooued at the beginninge and to determine whether Traueill do a man more good or éeuell For who so dilygently weigheth what so euer wée haue sayde hetherto shall perceaue that in time of peace or War it is most profitable vnto all that are desirous to attain vnto vertue or take any great matter in hand Neither is their opinion and iudgement to bée liked of which desire rather to liue obscurelye at home then with commendacion as the Clowne in Claudianus and Polyphemus in Homere And what other doo the Poetes meane by the Goddesses Calipso and Circe whom I haue meâ—â—irned then to reprehende the desire of filthy lustes and obscure Idlenesse and to shew how Vlisses and whosoeuer else is desirous of praise and glorye is nothinge delighted in idlenesse and pleasures but by all meanes endeuoureth to attaine to vertu although he must endure â— M. dangers So haue Christophorus Columbarius and Vespusius assaid infinit perilles who were the finders out of that part of the World whiche they call America Howbeit they haue thereby purchased to themselues euerlastinge memorie leauing behind them to posteritie the trueth of such matter whereof ther was neuer thought to be any such These Philosophers Phisicions Lawiers Iuristes Kinges warriours and Diuines what praise haue thei not gotten by traueillyng That whoso is not coÌ„tented with these let hym adde moreouer vnto them sundrye other excellent meÌ„ whoÌ„ Franciscus Senensis reporteth to haue taken often and longe traueilles in hande whiche they accomplished for vertue and glory sake There haue bene some also whom not so much their owne as others vertue power wisedome hath moued to traueill Like as the holy Scripture witnesseth that the power and wisdome of Salomon was so great that the kinges of Tharsus and Quéenes of Arabia came thither to sée and heare hym and wée reade also how certen noble men came from the furthermost partes of France and Spaine to Titus Liuius that fownteine of eloqueÌ„ce not mooued so muche with the power same of the Citie of Rome as with the report of that one man I my selfe haue séene a Moonke in Bononie who in traueilling ouer his owne cuntrey of Italy spent 9. whole yéeres so surueyinge and discribing it that no man coulde set it foorth more lyuely with pen or expresse it w pensill insomuch that there is not the least thing left out vntouched And yet he was but a Monk whose life ought to be solitarie as Gratian saith none vnles it bée in Cloister as nether the Fishes out of the Water Wherefore neither hypocrisie nor any holynesse of lyfe forbiddeth a man to Traueill so that hée doe it to any honest vse or commoditie redoundinge to himselfe or others Neither are they to bée lyked of who if they would might traueill but had rather liue at home leadinge an obscure lyfe then to wynne praise by traueilyng For such not only offend against their friends and the whole commonwealth but also against theÌ„selues For it is the peculier nature of mankind to be euermore desirous of knowlege and neuer to bée contented with one thing only whether that knowledge come by hearinge or séeinge for man hath these sences whereby he attayneth skill as sayth Aristotle But as Horace witnesseth The things we heare les cause the minde and sences to arise Then doe the thinges in presence whiche are subiect to the eies Yea they are of greater force and efficacie and are more firmely reteyned in memorie which wée se before our eies then the report or only hearesay of any thinge although there come of it no profite no pleasure nor honestye And I haue shewed that by traueilynge there ensueth verie great commoditie in euerie kind of lyfe and as for the honestie thereof no man can doubt being enformed by many examples And if wée measure honestie by paines not rashly but vpon iust cause taken in hand then truely traueill of whiche wée intreat in this place shall yéeld to none For traueillers are enforced to abyde all labors and susteine al troubles Moreouer like as these men whiche may and ought to traueill and yet doo not traueill commit a shamefull deede so they that are giuen to traueilling perfourme a most honest exployt For these doo rightly vse their féet the other abuse them For nature God the maker of all thinge hath not giuen vs féete for â—â—tent wee shoulde walke vp and downe in our owne Citie or Cuntrey only but that if occasion serue wée shuld also go sée and frequent forreine nacions also for else doubtlesse God and Nature woulde haue shut vp the wayes and forbidden the passedge to straunge Cuntries And what can be more delectable then to béeholde the things wherof thou hast read sumthing or heard of other and againe to béeholde in minde and contemplatioÌ„ those things which thou hast somtime séene and to applie them to thy vse Wherein I wyl speake nothinge of the profite or commoditie For it much aueileth vnto the getting of perfect and sownd knowledge or learninge of any Art to trauell vnto such places where such Artes doe most flourish and are faithfully taught So that they deserue none excuse whose lyfe is only to think as Cicero writeth of certen Philosophers and such as get all their wisdome at home being much affeard lest if they traueilled the skie woulde fall on their heades or the earth sinke vnder them when as they might learne that which they séeke for better and with greater profite of straungers and alliens especiallye if they haue money to beare their charges abroade as well as at home And it hapneth manie times that they that kéepe themselues at home vpon this persuasion that there is no lyfe pleasant out of a mans owne Cuntrey or else do feare that by change of place they shoulde also change their maners let them then be wyfe only in theyr owne conceites and contempne others in respecte of themselues beynge puffed vp with an opinion of knowledge a thinge so éeuell that a more woorse or more daungerous in all the Worlde can bée none deuised Eche Land vnto a valient man his cuntrey is right so As is eche sea vnto the sellie fish where ere shee go A man shall euerie where finde sumthinge that hee may learne and that another time may doe hym good Surely the knowledge search of forrein Realmes hath alwaies bin accompted so pleasant profitable and glorious that certen it is that many for none other â—â—â—se then a loue and desire thereof and that they might sée experience of things haue forsaken their
natiue Cuntreys deare Parentes Wiues Children Freindes and that more is leauynge the reguarde of their owne health haue sumtimes vndertakeÌ„ very far â—â—â—â—â—ies with great difficultie perill care and anguishe Since therefore traueill is honeste pleasant profitable and commodious what man withée ashamed to take it in hand that is prouided and méet thereto and that by example of so many Emperours kings wisemen warriours and other worthy personages that haue traueilled to sée straunge and far Countreys to wander wide abroad wherby are knowne the peculyar behauiors of euery cuntrey their disposition diet appareill maner of buildinge situation of places tillage moreouer Lawes all doctrines opinious holy and profane and finally the nature of all things But â—â— I 〈◊〉 before admonished it behâ—â—ueth him that shal dose to be wary and to expresse the person of Vlisses or Aneas or if hée cannot so doo haue Achates and Nestors with him that is to say faithfull and louing companions whose counsel hée may follow liue wel and returne safe into his cuntrey vnto which wée all are bound and borne and which wée may and ought also to gouerne and that with praise after the knowledge and experience of so many thinges so that wee follow godlynesse ensue vertâ— and neuer waxe wéerie whatsoeuer paines or difficultie of perils affault vs. Thus endeth the first Booke The second Booke oâ— the Traueiller of Ierome Turler of compre hending an excellent description of the moste delicious Realme of Naples The. 1. Chapter IN the firste Booke I haue answered to the question which was propouÌ„ded in the beginning by suche preceptes as I haue thought sufficient towardes the attayninge of a well ordred happie and prosperous traueill Whiche if they bee dilligently obserued and in such order as wee haue delyuered them doe shewe that what soeuer straunge or dangerous accideÌ„ts befall vs in traueillynge it chaunceth not so much by humane negligence as it is to bee ascribed vnto to the prouidence of eternall God For the condicion of our lyfe is suche that it is exposed and lyeth open vnto infinite miseries and there was yet neuer man blessed in all respectes or that could escape death Whereby all changes and chaunces of Fortune are more indifferently to be borne and wee must suppose that nothinge can befall vnto vs that hath not also hapned vnto others And for as much as examples bringe lyght to preceptes making the matter more euide it as the Lawier sayth I thinke it worthe the traueill to declare that by some example whiche I admonished generally to bée considered in all traueill Whiche thinge that I shoulde more wyllyngly accomplishe partlye the remembrance of suche thinges as ether I my selfe haue séene in sundrie places or haue heard of others hath mooued mee partly the very maiestie of Antiquitie and knowledge whiche is woont of it selfe to delight and is exceptable vnto all men Beesides the profite which it bringeth vnto the exposition of good Aucthours whether wée speake of Poetrie or of Histories Wherfore I meane to touch in this second Bâ—â—ke such thinges as are in the Realme of Naples worthy to bee séene since there is scarce no other place in all Christendome in my opinion lying within the compasse of Europe for holsomnesse of aire situation pleasantnesse abundance or ciuilitie match vnto it Moreouer it is very famous by the writinges of excellent Aucthours Virgill and Liuie besides that perhaps I think I may doe pleasure â—â—ereby vnto them that meane heareafter themseues to traueill in that part of Italie For when they shal haue read this discourse being put in minde they may more exquisitely and dylygently searche euerie thinge and they shall finde them to bee soe Howbeit I purpose not by this demonstration as it were by â— most certen discription of the place to set foorth at full the whole Countrey of Naples which by the proper name is termed Happy Campania for that belongeth to the dutie of a Cosmographer but such thinges will I note onely as tast of Antiquitie and are woorthie admyration aboue the rest Wherefore I will not deuide them into anye precyse order of recytall but for the pleasaunt renuyng of the aunciente remembraunce of them I will declare them in suche order as I sawe them without all glose of woordes or falsefying the trueth in anye thing both for that it behooueth the disputation of veritie and trueth to bée simple and also the manner of telling requireth the same and trueth is the foundation of an Historie ¶ Portus Baianus commonly called La Pescina Mirabile A wonderfull Fisheponde The. 2. Chapter WHen therfore wée had taken our iourney comming out of the frontirs and lybertie of Rome and were approched vnto the fixte stone from the Citie of Naples wee sawe a place whiche the Italians tearme La Pescina Mirabile wee passed throughe an hugie and waste place into a greate buildyng long fouresquare and as a man shoulde say made vault wise resemblyng the shewe of a Churche Longewyse it contayned foure courses of square Pillers whereby the Archeis were borne vp euery course conteyning xij Pillers so that in all there were in number xlviii of diuerse bygnesse and fourme Which when it seemed straunge vnto those that béehéelde these antiquities with mée this is no straunge thinge quod I since most graue authours haue writteÌ„ that the Temple of Diana at Ephesus had in it Cxxiii Pyllers whereof euery one was lx foote longe Then wée stepte downe three steppes on euerye syde But there were no wyndowes nor tooken of any howbeit the Sunne shyned in in sundrye places by chinkes and riftes otherwyse the buildyng was whole and sounde enoughe So that a man cannot well ghesse to what purpose it was in olde time builded muchlesse pronounce any certentie thereof Some are of opinion that it was a fisheponde whyche they gather bothe by the lykelyhoode of the place and also out of Plinie who wryteth that Hortensius the Oratour had a Ponde for Lampreis among the Bauli in the coast of Baie of whych hys Lampreis hée loued one so entirely that as it is reported hiâ— wepte for her when â—hee was deade Blondus iudgeth that this place was Lucullus house Others affirme that Antonia wyse to Drusus buylded that place to kéepe Lampreis in And in what pryce fishepondes and chiefely of Lampreis were had in olde tyme maye well bée gathered out of apprâ—ued wryters wherein this increased my coniecture that vppon that mountayne or rather hill those thinges are yet to bee séene which are reade in Plinie where hée sayth that the people in olde tyme as Lucullus and Hortensius bestowed muche 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 channelles through Hilles and Mountaines to bring in the Sea. ¶ Centum Cellae commonly called Cento Camerelle an hundred Chambers The. 3. Chapter WHen wée were departed forthe of this hugie and waste mole and building we came to Alle Cento camerelle lying directly oueragainst the other beyng so called for that it conteineth nothing but Chambers and Celles leadyng
and narrower towarde eche ende to the representacion of an Egge on the outsyde more decayed and defaced then the Amphiteater of Rome is but wythinsyde more tyghte and whole For it is full of Seates and all benched about although in some places the seates bée couered with earthe and ouergrowne with bushes and the compasse of the wall is whole and sounde which reacheth vp a great height In my iudgemeÌ„t this Amphithetre is one of the most auncient Romane Antiquities that remayne at this day Not far from this standeth another building ful of chambers of a wounderful strange Arte and Workemanship diuided into many Celles the one leadyng vnto the other Euerie Cell hath four doores to passe through to the next adioyning whereby I suspecte that it was sometime a Labyrinth the Italians call it Le Camerelle Moreouer in the hauen and Bosome wherin Puteoli standeth are séene hugie Pyles and Péeres in the maine Sea builded a longe crosse the Sea from the shoare of Puteoli vnto the lande on the other side by Caligula the Emperour as Suetonius and Dion Cassius do write Likwise there lyeth the Ilande Crape or rather as Dion tearmeth it Caprea into which Tiberius the Emperour withdrewe himselfe when hée soughte a solitarie place auoiding the sight of the people ¶ An hill arising out of the grounde The. 12. Chapter THis thing moreouer is not to bée ouerpassed with silence that in the same place of the Realme of Naples which they call Tripergula and neare vnto the village which wée shewed before was somtime Ciceroes Academie not many yéeres agoe that is to say in the yéere of our Lorde M. D. xxxviij there suddeinly arose an hill out of the grounde which remaineth vnto thys day conteining in compasse about foure myles Béefore this Hill arose there were continually Earthquakes in that place the space of certein dayes without intermission and fiers of Brimstonie substaunce and of that liquour whych commonlye is called Oleum Petrae Oyle of the Rocke But anone when thys fier béegan to growe to a great flame and when the matter of the fyer was some deale spent there insued suche tumbling out of stones and such flying vp of Ashes fierce windes and horrible perturbacion of the ayre that it was feared that all the whole frame of the worlde would fall All whyche accidentes Leander Bononiensis hath diligently noted and béefore him a certeyne Salernitane wryting in the Italian tongue one that béehelde that wofull and terrible Tragedie Simon Portius lykewyse wroate of the same matter in a Booke intituled Of the burnyng of the Realme of Naples And although thys wonderfull and strange spectacle was the handye woorke of God who ruleth the inferiour course of Nature yet are the causes thereof to bée weyghed if there bée any to bée founde to depende vppon naturall reason It is lyke that the causes therof procéeded from spirites and exhalacions of qualitie fierce and sharpe and verie myghtye included in the Earthe so that it was able to lift it vp and when the Earthe by reason of the weyght thereof stoutely resisted â—he exhalacions it was by that great force therof mightily driuen out of the place where it was before For the flying out of so great abundance of stones and ashes declareth that there was great abundance of such exhalacions shewing that the earthe was for the more part consumed and resolued into ayre After this maner and by eruption of spirites out of the earthe the Poet Ouid wytnesseth that there rise an Hillocke out of a plain field néere to the Citie Troizena in these wordes Not far from Pythei Troizene is a certen high ground found All voyd of trees which heretofore was plain and leuell ground But now a mountaine It is possible also that there may bée new Ilandes found in waters howbeit not insuing vpoÌ„ that same cause which Seuera allegeth to haue hapned in his time when the Ilands Theron and Therea grewe in the Sea not by any allunion or breaking in as in times past the Ilandes Echinades came of whom Plinie hath noted somewhat or else as Aegypt which Herodotus tearmeth the gifte of the Ryuer but by abreaking foorth and rising vp of the Earth whilst many men looked vpon it For the exhalations and windes are many times so vehement and sharpe that they lifte vp the Earth quight aboue the water Semblably Ouid writeth that by casting of twigges and boughes into the water there grew an Iland in the ryuer Tyber And verely all this change and alteration is not deuoyd of naturall reason howbeit no man hath euer declared the causes of them more substancially then hath Strabo where hée sayth Forasmuch as all things do continually mooue and are chaunged we must suppose that the earth remaineth not alwayes one so that nothing is put to it or taken from it nor yet the water whose transmutacion alteration is naturall and well knowne This much Strabo But let vs nowe come to the Citie of Naples The hill Pausilypus The. 13. Chapter THus traueiling from the Countrey and Territoryes of Puteolis towards the Citie of Naples at the laste stone from the Citie wée passe ouer an hill which they call Pausilypus The same being hollowed through at the foot hath a plaine a direct passage through it in length béeynge halfe an Italian myle or somewhat more and so wyde that two Cartes ladeÌ„ may easely passe one by an other but in height it is altogether vnéeuen For at the entrance at both ends which are like two great gates it is so wyde that a man on horsbacke holdyng vp a speare in his hande may enter into it not touch that top but within the height diminisheth by litle â— litle and in no place excéedeth the height of three men This Hill was in thys sorte by great industrie made hollow and leuelled and made smoothe on both sides méeting togither vaâ—twise in the top At eche entrance at both sides are holes at eche hande one wherby there commeth in the Sun light but in the mydle it hath no lyght at al. By reason whereof it commeth to passe that when two horses or Cartes or mo do méete in that place then they cry aloude alla Montagna or alla Marina that is to say hold of to the hilward or to the seaward that therby ech of theÌ„ may know on which side hee shall goe And it is thought among the common people that if any kill a man in this caue he can by no meanes get out of it this they say is found to be true by experience Now when you passe foorthe of this caue towardes the Citie of Naples there offer themselues to bée séene two Churches dedicated vnto our Lady whereof the one that is new lately built begynneth to be inritched largely indowed by reason of Notable miracles which they saye the Virgin Mary hath doone there the other is almost desolate and forlorne which in times past was very famous Which thing as I
was informed cam to passe vpoÌ„ this occasion bycause the staires wherby folkes vsed to goe vp to the hill neare by are at this present brokeÌ„ away beneath which in foretime were wont to bée coÌ„modious vnto manye Matrones and auncient Dames in this respect that by meanes of them they might step aside into the thickets and bushes which growe vpon the hill where vnder colour of religion thei worshipped Venus rather then the Virgin Marie Néere vnto the first Chappell or Church wherof wée now speake is séene the graue of Virgill Maro but some say that it lyeth in the Gardein of the Monasterie vppon the hill hauing this superscription Mee Mantua bred Calabres tooke Parthenop now doth hold Of pastures I haue sung of fieldes likewise of captaines bold Howbeit it is credible enough the Virgill was buried there in a certen Chappell which is yet remaining but the verses are so defaced y here and there a maÌ„ can scarce discerne one whole letter ther is no MonumeÌ„t to be séen wherby a man may vnderstand the truth The Munks y are there say that there was an I mage of Brasse vpon the Tumbe which the citizens of Mantua tooke away by stealth and diligeÌ„tly kéepe it to this present day Which thyng whether it be true or no I knowe not But I my selfe among many things mo saw in the same Citie a very auntient statu or Image vnder which the aboue write verses were ingraueÌ„ but whether the same were brought froÌ„ any other place thyther or not y could we not vnderstand Likewise some doe write that the Poet Ennius had a picture or Image laid vpoÌ„ his tumbe by the Scipioes And not far froÌ„ this place wher is said to be Maroes graue lieth also the Tumbe of Iacobus Sannazarius whose learned works are abroade in the world vpon which these verses following are ingrauen made as it is iudged by Bembus Cast flowers on this sacred dust as next to Maroes schrine So next this Poet comes in golden gift and veine diuine ¶ The Citie of Naples The. 14. Chapter ANd now when we haue passed froÌ„ the hill Pausilypus the noble citie of Naples aduaunceth it selfe to sight that kynges Sea the Metropolitane citie of all that Realme The same was first named Parthenope when the Citizens of Cumae builded it after the accidents which befell there wherof we haue discoursed more at large in conuenient place béefore Of the beginning and foundatioÌ„ of this Citie Silius the Poet hath thus written One of the Sirenes first did giue to thee thy noble name And to thy walles that Acheloia hight of worthy fame O Naples braue whose dulcet songes woont on the seas to ring And long ere that her hearers to their fatall end to bring While on the waues shee sate and charmd her tunes of woful lay And to the haples Seamen sange their greeuous great decay ¶ Gardeines The. 15. Chapter FRom the hill towards the Citie are fermes cuntrey houses belonging vnto Noble men whose Gardeins are surpassing and most excellent First and foremost they abound with plentie of water deuised to runne by sutche workmanship industrie and cunning that in many places you shall sée water run out of a tree and to fall down into certeyne vesselles of Marble In which vesselles you may perceaue by cuÌ„ning wrought how Neptune swimmeth vpon the water beating the water wyth his thréeforked scepter as it were the waues of the Sea. In another place you shall sée the Naiades and Nymphes of the Sea or Aeolus Kinge of the wyndes There maye you also béeholde the Faunes and Satyres made of certein shelles that are gathered in the Sea framed so feately that they séeme rather to be grauen or painted then to bée set together of litle small péeces they do so liuely resemble a naturall and lyuing colour There bee moreouer Labirinthes throughe which there runneth water w sundrie crokes windings turning sometime this way somtime that There be also Springes and Welles in these Gardeines fashioned like caues hellow vnder the grounde builded with stones y are eaten and fretten by salâ—nesse of the Sea water so that the water droppeth through them which is very pleasant to behold For the stones resemble the colour of 〈◊〉 or Yee then are thei also 〈◊〉 with other fine carued and Checkered péeces set in as Corrall Moother of Pearle and certeyne Herbes whose séedes béeyng prycked in and nourished by the moysture doe spryng and burgein vp in the midst of the stones The water also runneth out of the Welles into the Gardeines by certen pypes and gutters in that pauement whiche pauement for the moste part is made of Marble or else of faire pauynge tiles and neuer hurteth the pauement These pypes and gutters are large and wide seruyng as well to kéepe fishe in as to â—â—le their drink béeynge set into them Neare vnto these welles or fountaine briâ—â—â—es stand Cagies of Birds into which out of the pypes there leapeth water verie arteficially and the birdes receaue it verye commodiouslye In the Cagies are merueilous faire and goodly singing birdes brought out of straunge Countreyes Nexte vnto these wée passe into very pleasant and delectable walks wherin these ar Arbours ships Houses Centaures with many other likenesses of sundrye straunge beastes lyuing creatures And when ye go out of these there be diuers sorts of herbs set many times after the maner of Labrinth or Maze with thickets of Bay-trées of Cipres trées and of Vines And many times there are séene Labirinthes and Mazes of Box trée Iuiâ— and Mirtles moreouer there grow in these Gardens Palme trées the fruite wherof are Dates with other straung and rare Trées And to be short for I wyll now speake nothinge of Images and Monuments there is such plentie of most delicate and choice fruites such swéet smelles and such pleasure that it is not possible ther shuld be any greater or more delectable in the Gardens of Hesperides that are termed the Gardeins of all delight Thus from the Monasterie of Munks whereof I spake a litle before vnto the Citie all the way alonge are nothinge els but Noble mens Fermes and gardeiues The Citie 〈◊〉 in a reache or crooke of the Sea called Mare Tyrrhenum beinge builded in thrée square fourme whereof two corners looke towardes the Sea and the thirde towardes the Hilles whiche are not verye farre of from it It standeth vpon a ground or foundacion not equall or leuell but as it were forked and risinge vp on both sides The Merchantes and common multitude for the moste part inhabite the lower parte of the Citie and the Noble men the higher Wherefore there are séene moste sumptious and bewtifull Pallaces amonge whiche as chiefe is the Pallace of Vrsine prince of Salerne of the Prince of Sulmo and Thomas Cambius adorned set forth with many pictures and Statues 〈◊〉 Lionesse standinge ouer the gate with this inscription To Iubiter xenius ¶ Welles and Streetes The 16. Chapter MOreouer I
déepe ditch lyke as it were double trenched For when you be past the firste Ditch anone you shall sée the Castle which lykewise is fenced with a trench Walles and Turretes and it standeth vpon a stéepe downefall of an hyll It hath a verie faire gate in the innersyde made all of Marble openinge vpon a large Courte fouresquare sumewhat long At the left hande when you enter in there is is a litle Hal likewise fouresquare wherein the méetinges and assemblies of the Estates of the whole Realme are kept euery yéere the Vicere of the cuntrey vseth to kéepe court and sit in iudgment there euery wéeke But not far from this Hall in a verye great Tower ar kept these ornaments of the kings A Scepter of gold beset with veryie great Pearles at the toppe A Sword with the Hilt and scabbarde of Golde very ritchly garnished with precious Stones A Crowne or Diademe for a Kinge glittringe with precious and orient Stones of incredible bignesse A Crosse of cleane Golde one spanne longe A mightye Pot of Gold rounde aboute adorned with precious Stones of great valew mightye bigge Pearles called Vniones and principall sorts of most precious Stones in great number To bée shorte there is a Treasure whose estimation and price is inestimable ¶ Antiquities the Vniuersitie and peculiar properties of the Citie and People of Naples The 19. Chapter IT is wounderfull to sée what plentie of most auntient Images are to bee séene in the Citie of Naples yea in priuate mens houses namely of Bacchus Mercurie Hercules Brutus and the whole patterne of the auntient maner of warfare There bée also Statues made wearinge on them gownes and a mightye horsehead made of Bras very cunningly wrought the lyke wherof is séene at Rome in the pallace of the Cardinall De valle Howbeit one Cyriacus Anconitanus hath writen verye dillygentlye of all these matters for that which Apianus and Amantius haue set foorth in this argument touchinge antiquities is for the more part taken out of him Fredirick the seconde Emperoure of Rome founded the Vniuersitie in this Citie whiche flourisheth at this daye While I abode there Simon Portus a famous Philosopher and Physition departed this lyfe The same béesides the Booke whiche hée wroat of the burninge of the cuntrie of Puteolis wherof I made mencion béefore wroat a Booke of the Soule of the Senses of Coulers of the Germain Mayden and many other moe One Mercellus of Siene was of great renowme amonge the Icti a man very well learned and eloquent as for Diuinitie that was in those daies sent to the Monasteries and Abbeies as it was likewise in the more part of all Italie Naples féeleth winter scarselye the space of two Monthes to wit Ianuarie Februarie They haue raine often but without snowe and in Summer season extreame heat by reason whereof they seldome haue anye stéepe couerings and rouffes vpon their Housen as are in other Cuntries that in the night time they may walke vpon the top of the Houses in the Leades to coole their bodies In the vulgare toonge this Citie is termed by the name of Gentiles which is to say Noble lyke as Rome is called Great Venice Ritch Florence Faire as I coniecture to the imitation of the Gréekes whiche vsed also to commende their chiefe Cities by some notable Title For Athenaeus comparinge certen Cities together calleth it Golden Alexandria Bewtifull Antiochia very bewtifull Nicomedia and the Citie of Athens most glorious the mightie Citie and Breuiarie as it were of al the whole Worlde And I think that Naples was called Noble by reason of the great number of Noble men that dwell in it the eâ—cesse which is vsed there And a man shall not finde in any other place of all Italie so great plenty of most excellent and couragious Horses as hée shall there But if a man would bringe a Horse of that Cuntrey out of the Realme hée must pay some custome or tolledge for hym and they sell there not only Horses and all other kindes of Merchandize but also slaues as wel men as women There are many Théeues and in sundrye places the Neapolitanes are euill spoken of not so mutch for that themselues be of an euill Nature but bicause they harbour mane naughty persons and haue naughtie neighbours Those are the Apulians and Calabrians and Sicilians of whom that is to saye the laste that may truely bée sayde whiche Cicero wroat of them All Iland dwellers are naught but the Sicilians are woorst of all But now as concerninge the properties of the the People of Naples they are not so mutche delighted with the Gréeke and Latine as with the Hetruscan tongue and they mocke the Calabrians with their language and lykewise the Calabrians scorne at the Apulians Their talke is full of bragginge and boastinge insomutche that they despise the counsell of othermen and prefer their owne wittes before al others It sufficeth their merchantes if you giue them your woorde but if you breake promise they be very sharp reuengers of the iniurie done vnto them like as they be very mindfull of a good turne receaued They fare passing suÌ„ptuously and sometime they spend more Sugar at a meale then they do breade imitating therein the Sicilians In appairell they bée proude and therin they bestow ouer much cost both in tyme of Warre and Peace They assault their enemy with notable courage and oportunitie they haue horses verie méete for the warres wheron they be erpert in riding and guide theÌ„ with merueylous dexteritie of body They are too too much giuen to loue and ouer amarous but especially of suche wéemen as are painted in face and proud of hart vnto which two thinges their wéemen doe principally apply themselues Otherwise they bee very good huswyues and bée most precise and as it were religious in honouring their louers To conclude the people of Naples are verye curteous and friendly to straungers and loue them in whom they sée anye notable or singular qualitie but if they sée no such thing they litle estéeme theÌ„ And this much of the Citie of Naples ¶ The Kings Pittes or Pondes and the hill Vesuuius called nowe Summi and of others The. 20. Chapter WIthout the Citie on the side which is contrarie or oueragainst that hill Pausilipus are séene the kinges Pittes or Pondes commonly called Pozzi reali truely verie fayre and worthie to bée throughly viewed And vnlesse I bée deceaued there is the lyke place at Rome and at Ferraria Ilbel Veder which is to saye as I interprete it A place for Summer consisting of houses Gardeines and Riuers likewyse most excellent for prospecte and pleasant situation This goodly building or rather Pallaice was erected by Ferdinand of ArragoÌ„ that first king of Naples in fourme fouresquare but somewhat long in whose walles stand very auncient Pictures to be séene The middle court was made to washe in wythout couert in the open aire from whence we mount vp thrée steppes into a place
lyke a Lauer or Cesterne into which you may let in the water at your pleasure and that great Courte is round aboute compassed with a beautifull and verie gorgeous gallerie But in the last siege of the Citie of Naples that Frenchmen spoyled not onely this Gallerie but welnighe all the whole Pallaice While this washing place was whole I suppose there was none more magnificall or pleasaunter in al Italy Ouer against this Pallaice standeth another Princely buildynge or Pallaice and a place also from whence Water is conueid in pypes vnto the citie From theÌ„ce wée passe into Gardeins in which there is another gallerie before whom lieth a large and wide plot but waste and forlorne alouergrowne w réedes bushes and briars From hence againe wée goe into other gardeines at length wée come vnto a fountaine or conduite head passing faire and cleare and full of holsome swéete water Hard by this conduite head stoode certen Cagies and Couppes wherein were kepte sundry kindes of beasts and liuing things but they were also broken by the Frenchmen TheÌ„ from this place we may returne again to the first through offices and places apperteining to the houshold where are many spoutes and Welles and many pleasant murmurings caused by falling and flowing of the water likewise groues and the pleasant fight of varitie of fruites From this place wée maye goo too sée the remainder and monumentes of the citie Palaeopolis whereof Liuius maketh mencion There is also another place not far from Naples of nolesse delight then anye of the aboue recited at the fourthe stone from the Citie at the foote of the hill Vesuuius or Summi in which hill Plinius the writer of the naturall historie and Lieutenant ouer the fléete to Augustus perished among the ashes which Plinius the second testifieth in an Epistle and the same hil not long before had burned lyke the hill of Aetna in Sicil. At the foote of this Hill ther groweth Greekish wine or Sack which some call Vinum Pompeianum or Pompeius wine which is very good and perfecte and much commended of by the writings of sundry men The Pallace whiche standeth there taketh name of the village which is néere vnto it and is called Pietra biancha wee may call it in Englishe White stone or whiterocke builded all within of white Marble and bewtified in the lodgings with checkred work of point deuise In this Pallace is made the Image of a Nymphe sléeping and leaning vppon a water vessell out of which there runneth abundance of pure cristall water which afterward passeth along in troughes or gutters of Marble stone hurteth no part of the pauement the same gutters seruing also to kéepe fishe in like as it were little fishpondes Surely I am of opinion that aswell the auncient Romanes as Greekes tearmed in oulde time sutche buildinges Nymphaea howbéeit this is but newe and builded by one that was a counceller vnto the Emperour Charles the fifte about the yéere of our Lorde as some say 1530. It hath on the one side the sea harde by rounde aboute on the othersides a goodly plaine and open cuntrey the plentifulnesse wherof is wounderfull both of Corne Oile Wine and all maner other good fruites This which I will speake is hard to bée credited yet it is true that there bée some Vines found there the grapes whereof beyng pressed doo yéelde x. or xij measures of wine euerie measure contayning iiij gallons and a halfe or rather more of oure Measures And thys thynge also may séeme straunge which one hath reported in writing for a trueth that when the Northeast wind bloweth there are brought into the Cuntrey of Naples out of Africa sutche abundance of Quailes that they fall by heapes vppon houses that bée néere to the Sea side that men may easely take them in their hands Yea while they be in their course of flying and bée wéeryed either wyth contrarie wyndes or tempeste or lengthe of the iourney they lyght many times vpoÌ„ some shippe or gally And laste of all to conclude suche is the deliciousnes of the Realme of Naples suche the magnificencie of the buildings sutche the holsomenesse of the welles and water sutche plentie of all thinges whiche nature bryngeth foorthe into the worlde myraculous and straunge sutche Monuments of Antiquities and finally suche store of fruites and other things wherwith mans life is sustained it is that not only truly named to bee aa parte of the happye Campania but is indéede the Wombe as they saye of fertilitie and the fatte of Italie and the verie horne of plentie as is in the prouerbe All which thinges when wée had viewed verie diligently béeing not so muche wéeried with our labour and traueyll as that wee iudged it time to retourne to our studies for the desire whiche wée had to sée these things and the most delectable beholding of them tooke away all wéerisomnesse we departed from Naples passing along by the most auncient Citie Caieta wee came to Rome and from thence we traueiled by the Tuskans to Padua And when I had there arriued I soiourned there a season and afterwarde departed into my natiue Cuntrey FINIS Plautus Cicero The Code â— common â—uestion E C Dutch weemen Weemeâ— Traueil Mato Note The Sum of Traueilynge The feare of God. Tobias 〈◊〉 doely â—â—â—lth Note â—eware â—â—rruption Syrenes Songes The great force of Order in all things Philosophers are onely men A noble buriall Culliola The proâ—â—â—e of Nauigations â—merica The studye of Nature The Date tree The Cherie tree â—tudy of â—â—e Law. Charge of houshould The Germane The FreÌ„ch man. The Italian The Spaâ—iard â—he proâ—ties of â—weemeÌ„ Fortian questions Preceptes to be obserued Fiue poiÌ„ts â—o be considered The Nmae The Figure Signes Iurisdicâ—ion Leuinus Lemnius Diuersitie of gouerment The maners IncontineÌ„t persons Three â—hinges out â—f Italie Priuiledgâ—â— for Trâ—ueilers â—ertune of â—â—ods proâ—ibited Friendly Priuileges Philososâ—hers The tabâ—â— of the Suâ—â—â— Hypocrates Galen Ser. Sulpitius Iup. Cretaeus Prayse of Charles the fyfth The olde ame of â—aples was arthenope Imprinted at London by VVilliam How for Abraham Veale dwelling in Paules Church-yarde at the signe of the Laâ—â—