seated vpon the river Martha remarkable for the fate and disaster of Charles surnamed the Fighter the last Duke of Burgundie of the house or name of Valois ouerthrowne and slaine here in a memorable battaile by the ioinct armes of Reâ—ner Duke of Lorraine and of the Switzers S. Nicolas vpon the same riuer founded and occasioned through the superstitious worship of some pretended reliques of S. Nicolas sometimes bishop of Mira in Lycia in the lesser Asia preserued here and thronged vnto from all parts with great deuotion Toal Tullum of Ptolomie and Ciuitas Leucorum and Tullo of Antoninus a Bishops sea and a towne imperiall seated vpon the riuer Moselle The country lying about this towne and Nancy were the Leuci of Strabo Ptolomie and Antoninus the Leuci Liberi of Pliny Metz Diuodurum of Ptolomie and Tacitus and Diuodurum Metis and Ciuitas Mediomatricum of Antoninus the royall seate sometimes of the French kings of Austrasia now a citty Imperiall a Bishops sea rising in a spacious and pleasant plaine at the confluence of the riuers Mosselle and Sora. The auncient inhabitants of the neighbouring country were the Mediomatrices of Strabo and Ptolemie the Mediomatrici of Plinie and Tacitus Verdun Civitas Veredonensium of Antoninus a towne Imperiall and a Bishops sea seated vpon the river Meuse These three last townes haue of late yeares beene surprised by Henry the second and the Frenchmen detained now by this meanes and lopped off from the Dutch Empire and held vnder the French subjection The rest of the country is in a maner wholy subject to the Dukes of Lorraine The language of the inhabitants is the French These three countries although held of the Empire yet at this day come not to the Diets neither obey the Edicts and authority hereof governed by their priâ—ces in nature of soveraigne and absolute states and in regard of their language by the most accompted French THE DIOCESE OF TRIER EXtended along the course of the Moselle from the confines of Lorraine vnto the great river of the Rhijn bounded vpon the other sides with Lutzenburg and Westreich The country is rather pleasant then fruitfull hilly and full of woods rich chiefly in minerals especially of Iron and lead The more fruitfull parts are about the towne of Trier and neere vnto the Rhijn The more wilde and barren lie towardes Lorraine and Lutzenburg The aire for those transmarine parts is very close and rainie moistned by continuall fogs and vapours ascending from the shady wet and vndreyned woodlands and hils hereof Chiefer townes here are Sarbrucken Pons Sarvix of Antoninus a towne Imperiall seated vpon the river Sar neere vnto the meetings thereof with the Moselle and the border of Lorraine Trier Colonia Treuerorum of Tacitus Augusta of Mela Augusta Treuerorum of Ptolemie Augusta Libera of Pliny Treueris of Saluianus Ciuitas Treuerorum of Antoninus the Metropolis then of the first Belgica and residence of the Vicar Generall of Gaule seated vpon the Moselle It is now an Archbishops sea and the chiefe towne of the country subiect to the Bishops Veldentz Trâ—rbach Ceel Beilstein all standing vpon the same river of Moselle Cobolentz Legio Prima Traiana of Ptolemie Confluentes of Antoninus seated at the meeting of the river Rhijn and the Moselle The towne is populous and fairely built belonging to the Electours of Triers The country about it is very pleasant and fertill Vpon the other side of the Rhijn standeth mounted vpon the top of an high hill the strong Castle of Ernbretstein subject to the Bishops and commanding the towne and riuer Boppart Baudobrica of Antoninus and Bodobrica of the Notitia after Birâ—ius one of the 50 Castles erected by Drusus vpon the Rhijn occasioning the towne situated vpon the Rhijn Meien Arburg in the particular country of Eysell The ancient inhabitants hereof were the famous Treveri of Caesar Tacitus Ptolemie and others The country is subject to the Archbishops and Electours of Trier THE BISHOPPRICK OF LVICK BOunded vpon the East with the countries of Gulick and Limburg vpon the South with Lutzenburg and Namur and vpon the West and North with Brabant The country is very healthy and pleasant called by a common proverb the Paradise of Priests for such are the Lordes thereof and in regard of the great number there of Monasteries and religious persons no small part of the inhabitants The more champian and fruitfull parts are those towards the North and Brabant stored with corne and all other necessary provision wines excepted which here grow but in few places The Southerne lying towards France and Lutzenburg are more barren swelling with hills and shady Forrests the remainders of the great Ardenne abounding chiefly with Mineralls especially of Marble of sundrie sorts Sea-coale and Iron of exceeding hardnesse Here are reckned 25 walled townes and 1700 Villages hauing Churches Places of chiefer note are Dinant vpon the Meuse and borders of Hainault Huy vpon the same river towards Namur Luick pleasantly seated amongst sundry streames and rivulets parts of the Meuse wat'ring the many streets hereof the seat and residence of the Bishops and the chiefe towne of the country The citty is faire open and large containing foure Italian miles in compasse and some 32 parishes The Churches here for their number riches and beauty excell all others in both kingdomes of France Germany the Cathedrall whereof is dedicated to S. Lambert the patron of the citty whose Canons are the Bishops Counsellours all nobly descended Doctors or Licentiats Ecclesiasticall partly Secular whereof these later may marry Here are besides 8 Collegiate Churches endowed with great reuenues besides almost infinite Religious houses and Monasteries wherewith the towne seemeth in a manner almost wholy to be peopled Here also yet flourisheth an ancient Vniversity wherein nine sons of Kings 24 of Dukes and 29 of Earles are reported at one time to haue beene students Mastreich vpon the Meuse Of this towne only the one halfe lieth in Luick the rest in Brabant Peer Bissen Hasselt vpon the river Demer Horck S. Truden Borckloe Tongeren civitas Tungrorum of Ptolemie Here flourished in the time of the Romanes an ancient Bishops sea after the invasion and spoile of Attilas and the Huns by whom the towne was sacked and destroied in the yeare 498 by S. Servatius removed vnto Mastreich afterwards in the yeare 713 by S. Hubert vnto Luick where now it resteth Borckworm Francimont Buillon an ancient castle mounted vpon the top of an high hill whereof sometimes was named that famous Godfrey of Buillon Duke of Lorraine and the first of the Latines king of Hierusalem The ancient inhabitants were the Eburones of Caesar and Strabo whose name yet seemeth to be preserved in a little village called Ebure distant about a Dutch mile from Luick The country is wholy subject in matters both temporall and ecclesiasticall to the Bishops of Luick The language hereof is the Wallon a corrupt kinde of
Libora of Ptolemy Toledo Toletum of Pliny Antoninus then the chiefe city of the Carpetani mounted vpon a steepe and vneven rocke vpon the right shore of the river Taio with whose circling streames it is almost round encompassed By the Gothes it was made the chamber and royall seate of their Kings Vnder the Moores it became a petty kingdome the strongest hold the Infidels had in those parts after 5 yeares siege in the yeare 1085 recovered from them by Alfonsus the sixt King of Castille Leon. It is now the chiefe city of the country an Vniversity and an Arch-bishops Sâ—e of especiall revenue the Bishop whereof is the Primate of Spaine and the Chancelour of the kingdome The towne by meanes of its situation is very strong rather great then faire the private buildings being meane the streets narrow close hilly and vneven very troublesome to walke goe vpon Madrid Mantua of Ptolemy vpon the river Guadarrama in the heart and center of Spaine The towne by meanes of the Court is become of late yeares one of the most faire and populous places of the kingdome Some 8 miles from hence standeth the magnificent stately monastery of S. Laurence founded by King Philip the second Alcala de Henares Complutum of Ptolemy and Antoninus vpon the riuer Henares Here now flourisheth a famous Vniversity especially for the study of Divinity founded in the raigne of King Ferdinand the fift by Francisco Ximenes Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo Guadalaiara vpon the same riuer Caracca of Ptolemy naming the Charracitani a people mentioned by Plutarch in the life of Sertorius The country hitherto were the Carpetani of Strabo and Ptolemy Calatrava vpon the riuer Guadiana Here begun and was first named the famous military order of Calatrava Nere hereunto where is the Chappell of Nuestra Senora d'Oreto stood sometimes Oretum Germanorum of Ptolemy occasioning the name of the Oretani of the same author Segura Alcaraz giuing the names to the mouÌ„tainous tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Monte de Segura parts of the Orospeda of Strabo Not far from Alcaraz vpon an inaccessible mountaine surrounded with deepe vallyes standeth Castona la Veia Castulon of Ptolemy Castulo of Antoninus and Castaon of Strabo then a chiefe City of the Oretani and the country sometimes of Himilce the wife of the great Hannibal at this day a poore and ignoble village The part of Sierra Morena from hence or Alcaraz extending towards Cordova was named hereof by Caesar Saltus Castulonensis Cuença a Bishops See and seate of the Inquisition situated vpon the top of a steepe and abrupt hill amongst the mountaines of Orospeda neere to the heads of the riuer Xucar and Huecar and not far from that of the Taio first built by the Moores whom it a long time served as an invincible fortresse against the neighbouring Christians secured by the asperous site thereof and the straite craggy and vneasie wayes vnto it wanting onely water which is altogether conveyed hither by conduit pipes from the neighbouring mountaines won from them in the yeare 1177 by Sanctius the second king of Castille The part here of the Orospeda is named from hence Monte de Cuença Melina From hence the adjoyning mountainous tract of the Orospeda is now called Monte de Molina Siguença a Bishops See beautified with a faire Cathedrall Church Condabora of Ptolemy a city of the Celtiberi ESTREMADVRA HAuing the mountaines of Castille vpon the North vpon the South Sierra Morena and Andaluzia vpon the East Castillia la Nueva vpon the West the kingdome of Portugal The aire here is extraordinarily cleare and for that cause in Summer very hot and scorching The country is plaine and good pasture ground especially that grassie bridge vnder the which the riuer Guadiana is hidden yet in regard of the heate very dry and scarse of waters as of inhabitants hauing few cities and townes for so large an extent and those little and ill inhabited Chiefer here amongst are Placenza a Bishops See enioying a sweet and pleasant situation neere vnto the mountaines of Castille In a solitary place not farre from this city standeth the Monasterie of S. Iustus whither the mighty Prince Charles the fift tyred with sicknes and the burden of a troublesome Empire some few yeares before his death quitting the world voluntarily retired spending there the rest of his dayes in prayers and divine meditation Alcantara vpon the right shore of the Taio Norba Caesarea of Ptolemy and Norba Caesariana of Pliny then a colony of the Romans It was afterwards the seate of the Knights of the order of Alcantara from thence thus named Merida Emerita of Mela and Antoninus and Augusta Emerita of Ptolemy and Pliny a Roman colony and iuridicall resort and the chiefe city of Lusitania seated vpon the riuer Guadiana and named thus from the Emeriti milites or Legionary Souldiers of the Romans who had serued out their time in the warres whereof it was a Colony Ausonius preferreth it in his time before the rest of the cities of Spaine The towne now is very ruinous meane and empty of people shewing nothing worthy of its auncient greatnesse sauing onely a goodly bridge ouer the Taio built as appeareth by the inscription by the Romans Badaios a Bishops See frontiring vpon Portugal Medelino Neete hereunto the riuer of Guadiana hideth it selfe vnder ground for the space often miles breaking out againe neere vnto the towne of Villaria Guadalupe vpon the pleasant bankes of the riuer thus called shaded here on both sides with thicke and tall groues of poplar trees Heere is visited with great and thronging devotion the much honoured Image of our Lady of Guadalupe of the like grand esteeme with this Nation as is that of Madona de Loretto with the Italians affirmed to be the same which Gregory the great carried about with him in a solemne procession he made in Rome in the time of a fierce and generall pestilence then raging in Christendome ceasing hereupon giuen afterwards by him to S. Leander Bishop of Sivilla religiously there kept vntill the Moorish invasion then carryed from thence secretly hidden and about the yeare 1336 miraculously discovered by a neate-heard and a Chappell erected thereunto the occasion of the Towne Birtius notwithstanding and Montanus place here the towne named Caecilia Gemelliana by Ptolemy and Castra Caecilia by Antoninus The auncient inhabitants of Estremadura were the Celtici and part of the Turditani and Lusitani lying in both provinces of Baetica and Lusitania ANDALVZIA BOunded vpon the North with the mountaines of Sierra Morena and with Estremadura Castillia la Nueva vpon the West with Algarve in Portugal vpon the East with Granado and vpon the South with the Straights of Gibraltar and seas Mediterranean Atlantique extended betwixt the mouth of the rivers Guadiana and Guadalantin The country is most fruitfull pleasant flourishing aswell the mountaines as plaines with a continuate greenes of vines oliues and
with the riuer Rhosne whereby it is diuided from Lionnois and Languedoc vpon the South with Provençe vpon the North with La Bresse the Rhosne also comming betwixt and vpon the East with Savoye and the Alpes It comprehendeth the Higher and the Lower Daulphinie The Higher is altogether mountainous stony and barren neighbouring to the Alpes with whose branches it is overrun The Lower Daulphinie is more plaine tolerably fruitfull coasting along the Rhosne Chiefer townes here are Briançon Brigantio of Antoninus neere vnto the head of the Durançe naming the country Briançonnois Embrun Ebreduno of Antoninus the Metropolis then or chiefe citty of the Province of the Alpes Maritmae now a Archbishops sea and siege Presidiall and the chiefe towne of the Higher Daulphinie containing 7 Parishes seated in a pleasant vally surrounded with mountaines vpon an high rocke vnder the which runneth the Durançe The hilly country hereof is now called from hence Le Pais Ambrunois adiudged to be the highest part of France S. Antoni de Tricastin Ciuitas Ricartinorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea The country hereof were the Tricastini of Pliny the Tricasteni of Ptolemy Gap ciuitas Apencensium of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Seneschaussee at the foot of the mountaine Le Col de Digo the chiefest towne in those hilly parts after Embrun giuing the name to the part of the country called from hence Le Pais Gapinçois the Appencenses of Antoninus Die Ciuitas Decensium Dia Vocontiorū of Ant. now a Bishops sea vpō the riuer Drosne naming Le Pais Diois part sometimes of the Vocontij These all lye in the Higher Daulphinie In the Lower Daulphinie Grenoble ciuitas Gratianopolitana of Antoninus Accusianorum Colonia of Ptolemy and Gratianopolis of Sidonius and Paulus Diaconus a Bishops sea and the Parliament and chiefe citty of Daulphinie vpon the riuer Isere The towne is large populous and beautified with faire buildings The country hereabouts were parte of the Cauari of Ptolemy Romans vpon the Isere nere vnto the cōfluence therof of the Rhosne Valence Valentia of Pliny Ptolemy and Ciuitas Valentinorum of Antoninus then a Roman Colony now a Bishops sea Presidialitie Vniversitie for the civill lawes situated vpō the Rhosne The towne is rich strong well traded giuing the name to the country called from hence Le Pais Valentinois anciently probably more largely extended the Segalauni of Ptolemy the Valentini of Antoninus part of the Cavares of Plinie Vienne Vienna of Strabo Mela Ptolemie and Ammianus Marcellinus the chiefe Citty after Strabo of the Allobroges afterwards of the Province called from hence Viennensis and the seat of the Praetorio-Praefectus or the supreame Roman Magistrate commanding Gaule Vnder the French it became an Earledome whereof were entituled the house of the Daulphins It is now an Archbishops sea and Presidialitie vpon the Rhosne the chiefe towne of Le Pais Viennois part of the Allobroges of Caesar Livie Strabo and others THE PARLIAMENT OF DIION COntaining the Dukedome of Burgundie with the little countries of Bresse Breugey Verromey and Gex in the yeares 1600 and 1601 partly conquered by Henry the fourth French king from Charles Duke of Savoy and partly receaued from him in exchange for the Marquisate of Salusses LA BRESSE c. THese were lately part of Savoy They lye betwixt the rivers of the Soasne and Rhosne where these grow straighter together proceeding towards their confluence They are bounded vpon the South and West with Daulphinie and Lionnois and vpon the other sides with Savoy and the Dukedome of Burgundie The country is champian fruitfull and pleasant commended for excellent wines The only place of note is Bourg en Bresse the chiefe towne of La Bresse defended with a strong citadell commanding the country La Bresse was part of the Segusiani before mentioned LA BOVRGONGNE LA Bourgongne or the Dukedome of Burgundie for thus it is distinguished from the other Burgundie which is the Countie hath vpon the South La Bresse and Charrolois vpon the West Bourbonois vpon the North Champaigne and vpon the East Savoy and the Free county of Burgundy The country is most pleasant fruitfull and happy affording plenty of most excellent wines Chiefer townes are Tournus a strong towne vpon the Soasne wherewith it is encompassed in a fertill soile abounding with most perfect wines Here flourisheth a rich Abbey castle-wise defended with strong walls and fortifications the chiefe of sundry other Monasteries of this Province and in Daulphinie Auvergne Poictou Bretaigne and other parts of France Beaulne vpon the river Bursoize seated in a plentifull and fat soile yeelding the best wines of the kingdome The towne is very strong besides its other defences secured with an impregnable castle built by king Lewis the twelfth In the country hereof farre immersed within darke thicke woods lyeth the great Monastery of Cisteaux founded in the yeare 1098 by Otho the second Duke of Burgundie the chiefe of some 2160 other Monasteries of both sexes in the Christian world besides the military orders of Calatrava Alcantara Avis and Montesa in Spaine subiect to the discipline and rule hereof Austun Augustodunum of Ptolemie and Mela and civitas Eduorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Bailliage giving the name to the particular countrie of Authunois seated vpon the river Arroux at the foot of the Mountaines of Cenis The towne now is meane chiefly beautified with some faire Churches which it yet sheweth left markes of its ancient greatnesse and splendour Chalon Cabullinum of Strabo Caballinum of Ptolemie Castrum Gaballionense of Antoninus and Cavillonium of Caesar a Bishops sea and a Bailliage vpon the Soasne Auxone vpon the Soasne Dijon a Bishops sea and the Parliament and chiefe citty of La Bourgongne vpon the rivers Suson and Ousche in a plain country most fruitfull in corne and wines The towne is large faire populous and strongly fortified containing 12 parishes the place of residence of the governour of the Province Without vpon the hills stand two strong castles the one whereof called La Talente is kept by a garrison of souldiers the better to secure the towne Nuys situated betwixt Dijon and Beaulne conjectured from the name to haue beene founded by the Nuithones a part of the ancient Burgundians Flavigny Semur the Bailliage of the hilly country of Auxois divided into the parts Le Bourg Le Don-Ion and Le Chasteau all three severally fenced with walls the two last whereof serue as strong Citadels to guard the rest mounted vpon steepe and precipitious rocks and cliffes wherewith they are environed Not farre from hence where is the village Alize stood sometimes the strong towne of Alesia the seat of warre of Vercingetorix and the Gaules against Caesar and the Romans Avalon Aballon of Antoninus then the station of the 16 Romane Legion These from Semur lye in the particular countrie of Auxois the Mandubij of
OF THE STATE OF EVROPE XIIII Bookes CONTAINING THE HISTORIE AND RELATION OF THE MANY PROVINCES HEREOF Continued out of approved Authours BY GABRIEL RICHARDSON BATCHELOVR in Divinitie and FELLOW of BRASEN-NOSE College in Oxford OXFORD Printed for HENRY CRIPPS An. Dom. 1627. TO THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD IOHN Lord Bishop of LINCOLNE one of his Maiesties most Honourable Privie Councell and Visitour of Brasen-Nose Colledge in OXFORD Right Reverend and my Honourable good Lord THE certaine hopes that Bishop Smith our Founder of blessed memory conceaues in his Statutes of all his successours for the protection of his College giues me the meanest of that Societie some heart to present these my first and weake labours to your Honours Patronage But more bold I am vpon your imbred and vnderived pronenesse to the advancement of Scholasticall indeavours whereof both the Vniversities Colleges Schooles Libraries enriched by your magnificent hand are daily and pregnant arguments This enlarging of the bowels of compassion towards learning in these later and straighter times as it is a miracle for the rarenesse so ought we all of vs both to powre out our praiers to God for such ample dispensers of this goodnes to men as also our vtmost labours with all thankfull acknowledgment to preserue their memories And if my selfe shal cast a mite into this treasurie pardon Right Honourable a boldnesse that proceeds out of an amazed esteeme of this your owne and vnimitable quality as from a most humble devotion to your everlasting honour and happinesse Your Lordships most humble devoted GABRIEL RICHARDSON OF THE STATE OF EVROPE THE FIRST BOOKE COntayning a generall survey of EVROPE and of the Iland of Great Britaine with the present bounds situation and quality of England The Inhabitants Their description languages and affaires of religion vnto our times The Bishops and Cleargie The civill gouernment The King His title of Defendour of the Faith The Nobles Gentrie and Commons The great victories and Conquests of the English Their no lesse disgraces and losses abroad by meanes of their quarrells and dissentions The devision of the Kingdome into Shires Tithings and Hundreds The ranke and number of the Shires EVROPE THe vniversall Globe of the Earth our moderne better experienced times haue found distinguished into fiue greater devisions whervnto all the rest belong are parts the New-found Lands of America and Magellanica detected by late discoueries and those of Asia Africa and Europe lying in one Continent and onely known vnto ancient ages Of these the least but most noble part is Europe the seate of Christianity and of the Church of God and the nurse of victorious and famous nations the glorious Conquerours of the World wherein banished from all other countryes mastered by tyrannie basenes ignorance and barbarisme religion civility arts knowledge libertie and valour at this day rest confined the subiect of this discourse The Etymologie hereof is altogether vncertaine The more exact bounds are vpon the North the Frozen Seas of Lapland and Norwey vpon the West the Vergiuian and Atlantique Oceans vpon the South the Straights of Gibraltar and the Sea Mediterranean from Africa and vpon the East from Asia the Archi-pelago the Seas Maggiore and Zabache the riuer Don and a line continued from thence vnto the White Sea or Baye of S. Nicholas It is situated betwixt the 36 and 71 1 2 degrees of Northerne latitude and the 5 and 59 degrees of Longitude accompting from the Meridian by the Azores The longest day at the towne of Gibraltar in Spaine which is the most Southerne point containeth about 14 houres and a quarter At Wardhuis the point most Northerly the greatest continuance of the Sunne aboue the Horizon lasteth 2 whole moneths 22 dayes some 7 houres It containeth the distinct Provinces and names of Spaine France Germanie the Low-Countries Switzerland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Prussen Leifland Poland Lithuania Podolia part of the Tartars and Russes Hungarie Transsylvania Walachia Moldavia Bulgaria Bosna Servia Rascia Windish-land Italy and Greece seated in the maine land and of Ilands lying in the Ocean beside some lesser those of Island Freisland Great Brittaine Ireland Cadiz Mallorca Menorca Sardinia Corsica Sicilie and Candia with those many of the Archi-pelago devided amongst 9 greater Monarchs the Emperours of the Romans or Germans Russes and Turkes and the Kings of Great Brittaine France Spaine Denmarke Sweathland Poland together with the free Common-wealths and inferiour Princes of the Netherlands Italy the Switzers and Grisons Ptolemie in his 2 Booke sorteth these into the c more Westerne and the more Easterne Provinces whose methode I haue here obserued In the more Westerne devision he comprehendeth the Brittish Ilands Iberia or Spaine Celto-galatia or Gaule Germany Rhaetia Vindelicia Noricum Pannonia Illyris and Dalmatia contayning now the Kingdomes of Great Brittaine and Ireland Spaine France Germany the Switzers Netherland Denmarke Norwey Sweathland Hungary Windischland Krabbaten Bosna Contado di Zara Dalmatia Albania with their Ilands whose descriptions state and sundry fortunes follow in order GREAT BRITAINE THE Country hath beene thus distinguished from Britaine in France in regard of the lesser extension thereof named the Lesser Britaine It is a famous Iland seated in the Ocean to the North-west of the Continent of Europe some 30 Italian miles where the passage is the narrowest from France or the next maine land the Great Iland as Aristides calleth it another world after Solinus the Worke of sporting Nature after Mercator made more gracefully to adorne the Vniverse the glory of Ilands the Queene and mistresse of the seas and the beauty of the West The bounds are vpon the West part of the Westerne Ocean with S. George his Channell from Ireland vpon the North the open and spacious Northerne seas vpon the East the German Ocean from Denmarke Germany and the Netherlands and vpon the South the English Channell from France The figure hereof is Triangular or Three-square whose Basis might be the Sea-coast towards France It lyeth in the Northern halfe-part of the temperate Zone extended from the 16⅚ vnto the 21 degree of Longitude accompted from the first Meridian by the Azores Ilands and from the 50⅙ degree vnto the 60½ of Northerne Latitude or from beyond the 18 Paralel or the beginning of the eight Clime vnto beyond the 27 Paralel or beginning of the 13 Clime The longest day at the Lizard point in Cornwall the most Southerly part contayneth about 16 houres and a quarter At Straithy head in Scotland which is the point lying farthest to the North the same containeth 18 houres and 3 quarters The length of the Iland from South to North after this accompt is some 620 Italian miles The greatest Breadth betwixt East and West according to a right line is about 250 of the same miles Camden reckoneth 320 miles bending with the crookes and turnings of the Sea-coast The whole circumference he accompteth at 1836 miles A Paralel drawne ouer the middle
Ptolemy afterwards part of the West-Saxons It conteineth 20 Hundreds 12 Market townes and 140 parishes HANT-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Surrey and Sussex vpon the South with the English Channell vpon the North with Barkeshire and vpon the West with Wiltshire and Dorsetshire The aire is fresh and most healthfull the soile rich in pasturage and corne in the borders shaded with forrests and woods in the middest more champian and open Chiefer townes are Portesmouth a noted roade for ships and a strong towne of warre in Portsey an Iland close by the Continent wherevnto it is joined by a bridge The bay or harbour hereof is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Ptolemy or the Great hauen Southanton Clausentum of Antoninus a well traded port vpon a coing of land betwixt the riuers Test and Alre ouer-looking a faire and spacious bay named by Ptolemy Trisantonis Ostium or the Mouth of the river Anton naming the towne as this doth the country West of the bay and for many miles along the Ocean towards Dorsetshire lyeth New-Forrest wooddy solitary and better stored with deere and wild beast then men made thus with the pulling downe of 36 Churches and townes by king William the Conquerour through his hatred to the English or greater loue to his sports or to giue a more free entrance to his Normans if any insurrection or tumult should happen amongst the discontented natiues fatall to his issue not without just revenge by the violent and vntimely deaths of William Rufus of Henry son to the Curthose his eldest son The sea betwixt this the I le of Wight affordeth a safe roade for ships commaunded by Hurst Calshot castles built to defend this empty shore by king Henry the eight vpon the points of two narrow and long promontories within the Ocean Christs-Church vpon the sea and meetings of the river Stoure Aven Ringwood vpon the Aven Regnum of Antoninus naming the Regni of Ptolemy Higher vpon the Aven and borders of Wiltshire Chardford named thus from Cerdic the first king of the West-Saxons and his great victory obtained there against Natanleod and the Britons Rumsey vpon the river Test. Andover Winchester Venta of Ptolemy Antoninus seated in a pleasant bottome amongst hils a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne the royall seat sometimes of the West-Saxon Monarchs Basingstoke Hard by standeth Basing a magnificent and spacious house the seate of the Marqueses of Winchester Not far off is Silchester the carkafe of a Roman towne named Vindonum by Antoninus The walls remaine yet almost entire and containe some two Italian miles in compasse The more auncient inhabitants were the Belgae of Ptolemy with part of the Regni of the same authour inhabiting the Sea-coast afterwards the West-Saxons Here are accompted 40 Hundreds 18 Market townes and 253 parishes VVILT-SHIRE BOunded on the East with Barkeshire and Hantshire vpon the North with Glocestershire and vpon the West South with Somersetshire Dorsetshire The country is champian open in the middle and towards the South tooke vp with grassie plaines to the North more hilly sprinkled with woods most healthy pleasant stored with all profitable and vsefull varieties Towns of more note are Marleborough Cunetio of Antoninus vpon the Kennet nere vnto the head of the river Ramesbury a meane village vpō the same river nerer Hungerford sometimes a Bishops sea for VViltshire erected by Edward surnamed the Elder Monarch of the English Saxons vnited afterward with Sherborne by Bishop Herman in the raigne of Edward the Confessour lastly remoued to Sarisbury in the time of the Conquerour Crekelade vpon the Thames or Isis. By Breden Forrest Malmesbury a walled towne mounted vpon a hill Castle-like and encompassed with the river Avon Maildulphi urbs of Beda named thus from S. Maidulphus an Irish Scottish Monke and Anchoret Chippen-ham vpon the same riuer Calne memorable for a famous Synode of the English and a disputation held vnder Arch-bishop Dunstan in the raigne of Edward surnamed the Martyr betwixt the Monks and married Priests whose cause in the credit and opinion of the Vulgar fell with the chamber wherein they were assembled and thorough the preservation of Saint Dunstan thought to bee miraculous who onely sate firme and vnhurt the patron and defendour of the Monks Bradford The Devices or Vices In the Plaines Ambresburie vpon the Aven Close by is the monument of Stone-henge set vp after Mat. of Westminster by Aurelius Ambrosius king of the Britons in memorie of the British nobles vnder Vortigerne slaine there by Hengist and the Saxons Sarisburie encompassed with the plaines in a pleasant bottome at the meetings of the rivers Aven and Nadder running thorough and watering the many streets thereof a Bishops See The towne is not auncient begun since the raigne of king Richard the first raysed out of the ashes of old Sarisbury Sorbiodunum of Antoninus the dead ruines of a Roman fort or towne of some halfe a mile in compasse seated a mile of vpon the hils forsaken by the Bishop and inhabitants for want of water and other defects remouing hither Wilton naming the countrie at the meetings of the riuers Willey and Nadder a meane village yet governed by a Maiour graced chiefely with a faire house of the Earles of Penbroke Werminster Verlucio of Antoninus The whole is diuided into 29 Hundreds 19 Market townes and 304 Parishes The auncients inhabitants were part of the Belgae of Ptolemy afterwards of the West-Saxons SOMERSET-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Wiltshire and the riuer Avon from Glocestershire vpon the North with the sea of Severne from Wales vpon the West with Devonshire and vpon the South with Dorsetshire The soyle is fat deepe and in some places marishie and subject to invndations to the East vpon the edge of Wiltshire woody overspread with the great forest of Selwood Within arise Mendip hills rich in mines of lead Chiefer townes are Bath Aquae Calidae of Ptolemy and Aquae Solis of Antoninus named thus from the hot medicinable waters thereof a walled towne and the chiefe of the Countrie seated in a bottome vpon the river Avon Amongst the hills environing the towne is Bannesdowne Mons Badonicus of Gildas and the auncient English Historians famous for a great victorie of king Arthur and the Britons obtayned against the Saxons The trenches are yet seene although obscurely where the English lay encamped Wells vnder Mendip hils a Bishops See with Bath Glastenburie amongst rivers and waters in the Iland Avallon or Avallonia of Malmesburiensis occasioned by the great and rich Monasterie thus named the place of buriall of sundrie of the West-Saxon Monarches founded by king Ina in the place where was thought to haue stood the Cell of Ioseph of Arimathea the first supposed Apostle of the Britons Here in the raigne of king Henrie the second was found the graue and inscription of Arthur king of the Britons discovered by
Hundreds 22 Market-townes and 161 Parishes The Inhabitants are part of the Danmonij of Ptolemy named otherwise the Cornish by the English a remainder as are the Welsh of the auncient Britons and retayning their language These ten Shires seeme more aunciently to haue contayned the Roman Province named Britannia Prima by Rufus Festus the Authour of the Notitia devided amongst 6 British people the 1. Cantij 2. Regni 3. Attrebatij 4. Belgae 5. Durotriges 6. and the Danmonij of Ptolemy Vnder the Saxons they comprehended 3 kingdomes of their Heptarchie 1 of Kent 2. and of the South 3. and West-Saxons At this day they make the first Quart or Devision before obserued extended in length from East to West about 250 Italian miles and in breadth about 60 of the same miles bounded vpon the South and East with the English Channell and part of the German Ocean vpon the West with the Vergivian Ocean and vpon the North with the sea of Severne and the riuers Avon by Bristow and the Thames from the rest of England GLOCESTER-SHIRE IT lyeth vpon both sides of the riuer of Severne bounded vpon the South with Wiltshire Sometsetshire vpon the West with Herefordshire and the riuer of Wye from Monmouthshire vpon the North with Worcestershire and vpon the East with Warwickshire and Oxfordshire The countrie is fruitfull pleasant beyond the Severne woody over-spread with the great Forest of Deane towards the East where is Cotteswold hilly open yeelding good pasturage for sheepe in the vale betwixt the hils and the riuer fat deepe and most plentifull in corne and fruits Townes of better note are Bristow a Bishops sea and a famous port and rich empory for state and beauty accompted the third city of the kingdome seated vpon a rising ground vpon both sides of the riuer Avon at the confluence hereof with the litle river Frome It standeth in both divisions of Glocestershire Somersetshire whereof the greatest part is in Glocestershire but is accompted of neither being a Countie within it selfe Vpon the Severne Barkley honoured with a castle whereof the Lord Barkleyes are entitled Further vp Glocester Clevum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne Teuxbury vpon the Avon a different riuer from the Avon by Bristow neere the confluence hereof the Severne In the wood-lands beyond the Severne Newent Michel-deane naming the Forrest of Deane extending from hence for many miles Southwards betwixt the Severne and Wye vnto the confluence of both vast and thick of woods but much wasted of late yeares by reason of iron-workes In the forrest vpon the right shore of the Severne Avington a meane village Abone of Antoninus In Cotteswold Cirencester vpon the river Churne Corinnium of Ptolemy Corinium of Antoninus the chiefe city of the Dobuni Winchelcomb It containeth 30 Hundreds and 280 parishes The auncient inhabitants were vpon the hither side of the Severne the Dobuni of Ptolemy Bodunni of Dion beyond part of the warlike Silures afterwards the Mercian Saxons OXFORD SHIRE BOunded vpon the West with Glocestershire vpon the North with Warwickshire Northamptonshire vpon the South with the Thames from Barkeshire vpō the East with Buckinghamshire The aire is sweet healthfull and the soile fruitfull towards the East Buckinghamshire hilly couered with woods deepe and rich in the vale betwixt this Cherwell to the West and North champian most pleasant Townes of more note are Burford vpon the VVindrush Whitney vpon the same riuer Chipping-norton Not far off vpon the hils aboue Long-Compton are seene Rolle-rich stones set vp in manner of a circle as it is thought by Rollo the first Duke of Normandy his trophy of some victory obtained against the English before his plantation in France Woodstock amongst woods grassie plaines honoured with a royall house of the kings the birth place of Edward surnamed the Blacke Prince the terrour and scourge of France Banbury vpon the Cherwel Oxford the Sun eye and soule of the kingdome and with her sister Cambridge the fountaine of wisedome divine humane learning from whence Religion civility and all good arts doe flow a Bishops sea and the chiefe towne seated at the confluence of the Cherwell and Isis vpon the coing of a plaine descending euery way to the rivers encompassed with waters meadowes and wooddy hils and only open to the cleare and health-breathing North enriched with sumptous and stately buildings as private so much more publique of the Vniversity and Colledges with faire large and open streets a sweete and apt dwelling of the Muses Beyond the Cherwell Biciter Tame vpon the river thus named Dorchester Dorcinia of Beda at the confluence or marriage-bed of the Tame and Isis and beginning of the name of Thames sometimes a Bishops sea begun by king Kingils in the person of Birinus the Apostle of the VVest-Saxons remoued afterwards and divided betwixt VVinchester and Lincolne In the Chilterne Henly vpon the Thames in a bottome betwixt wooddy hils Here are contained 10 Market Towns 14 Hundreds and 280 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Dobuni of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons BVCKINGHAMSHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Northamptonshire vpon the West with Oxfordshire vpon the South with the riuer Thames from Barkeshire and vpon the East with Bedfordshire Hartfordshire and the river Cole from Middlesex extended much in length but narrow not so wide It is distinguished into the Chilterne or Hill-country shaded with thick beechie woods and lying towards the East and South and along the course of the Thames and the Vale to the North and West vnder the hils a fat and deepe soile rich in corne and pasturage Chiefer townes in the Vale are Alesbury Vpon the river Ouse Buckingham the Shire towne Stony-Stratford Vpon the further side of the river is Passham a country village thought to be Lactodurum of Antoninus Newport Painell Oulney Vpon the hils Wickham Beaconsfeld Vpon the Thames Marlow Colebroke vpon the river Cole Pontes of Antoninus The auncient Inhabitants were the Cattyeuchlani of Ptolemy the Catuellani of Dion afterwards the Mercian Saxons Here are reckoned 11 Market Townes and 185 parishes BEDFORDSHIRE BOunded vpon the West with Buckinghamshire vpon the North with Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire and vpon the East and South with Cambridgeshire and Hartfordshire The countrey is litle more wooddy in the middle towards the North more fruitfull Townes of better note are Bedford vpon the riuer Ouse the chiefe towne Bigleswade Vpon the edge of the Chilterne Dunstable Magiovintum of Antoninus The Shire is divided into 9 hundreds containing 10 Market Townes and 116 parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Cattyeuchlani of Ptolemy afterwardes the Mercian Saxons HARTFORD-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Cambridgeshire vpon the West with Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire vpon the East with the riuer Stort from Essex vpon the South
The Countrey is large for the most part champian rich exceedingly populous inhabited by an industrious and witty people but very litigious our best breede of common Lawyers The soile is different about the townes commonly good well watered with some wood vpwards to the heathes dry naked Marshland and Flegge abundantly fruitfull but Flegge for corne Marshland for pasture Townes of better note are Thetford at the confluence of the rivers Thet and the lesser Ouse Sitomagus of Antoninus sometimes a Bishops See remoued hither from North-Elmham in the raigne of the Conquerour and afterwards to Norwich about the yeare 1086. Windham Norwich the chiefe towne vpon the riuer Yare a Bishops See and a great and flourishing emporie Not farre off is Caster the dead ruines of Venta of Ptolemy Antoninus the chiefe citie sometimes of the Iceni Yarmouth a noted Port at the confluence of the riuers Yare Thyrn and the fall of both into the Ocean Here or at Burgh Castle in the neighbouring parts of Suffolke stood Garionnonum of the Notitia the station of a troupe of horse named the Stablesiani by my Authour Walsingham famous of late yeares by continuall pilgrimages to a much honoured image of our Lady Vpon the Sea-coast Brancaster a country-village Brannodurum of the Notitia the station of a troupe of Dalmatian horse Lin a rich and noted port at the fall of the riuer Ouse into the Washes Here are numbred 27 Market-townes 31 Hundreds and 660 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Iceni of Tacitus afterwards the East-Angles CAMBRIDGE-SHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Hartfordshire Essex vpon the East with Suffolk Norfolk vpon the North with the Welland from Lincolneshire and vpon the West with Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire The Southerne part is Champian and a fat rich corne soile The North is low deepe and marishy trenched with riuers and diches a strong fastnesse of outlawes rebells in the time of the Conquerour and the Barons warres Townes here are Wisbich amongst fens and waters Elye naming the Iland encompassed with the devided streames of the riuers Nen and Ouse a Bishops See Cambridge Camboritum of Antoninus the other Seminary and wel spring of learning and religion seated in a flat vpon the riuer Cam or Grant The auncient inhabitants were the Iceni of Tacitus afterwards the East-Angles Those of the I le of Elye were otherwise called the Giruij by Beda a name common herevnto and to the inhabitants of the bordering fens of Huntingdonshire Northamptonshire and Lincolneshire ioyning continuate together for the space of 68 miles vnto Wainflet Northwards Here are contayned 17 Hundreds 8 Market-townes 163 Parishes HVNTINGDON-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Cambridgeshire vpon the South with Bedfordshire and vpon the West and North with Northamptonshire and the riuer Nen. The soile is fruitfull towards the East marishie in some places hilly and shaded with woods Townes here are Kinbalton Vpon the Ouse S t Neot Huntingdon the chiefe towne On the other side of the riuer Goodmanchester or Gormancester a populous great village Duroli pons of Antoninus Further downe vpon the same riuer S t Ives It contayneth 4 Hundreds 6 Market-townes and 78 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Iceni afterwards the Mercian-Saxons NORTHAMPTON-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire vpon the South with Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire vpon the West with Warwickshire and vpon the North with the Welland and the Lesser Avon from Lincolneshire Rutlandshire and Leicestershire The Countrey is hilly vneuen champian and populous vnles where the avarice of the great ones haue made wasts and enclosures pleasant and most fruitfull Townes of more note are Brackley at or neere vnto the head of the riuer Ouse Torcester Tripontium of Antoninus Daintry amongst hils fountaines and springs the heads of the rivers Leame Cherwell and Nen with different courses by the Severne Thames the Washes disburdened into the Irish and German Oceans Vpon the Nen betwixt this and Torcester where is Wedon on the Streete stood Bennavenna of Antoninus Northampton the chiefe Towne vpon the Nen. Not far off is Holdenby a royall house of the kings Vpon the same riuer of Nen Wellingborough Higham-Ferrers Thrapston Oundle Further downe standeth Fotheringhay castle an honour of the kings VValmesford a noted thorough-fare vpon the same river Peterborough vpon the Nen and edge of the fens a Bishops See At Caster a small village vpon the Nen betwixt this and Walmesford stood Durobrivae of Antoninus Kettering The auncient inhabitants were part of the Coritani of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons Here are reckoned 20 Hundreds 10 Market Townes and 326 parishes RVTLANDSHIRE DIvided with the river Welland from Northamptonshire and enclosed vpon the other sides with Lincolneshire and Leicestershire The country is little hilly fruitfull and most pleasant Townes of more note are Vppingham Okeham in the Vale of Catmose the chiefe towne Bridge-casterton vpon the river Guash a small village thought to be Gausennae of Antoninus It containeth 48 parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Coritani afterwardes the Mercian Saxons LEICESTER-SHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Northamptonshire vpon the VVest with VVatlingstreet from VVarwickshire vpon the North with Darby shire and Nottinghamshire and vpon the East with Rutlandshire and Lincolneshire The country is champian and open the soile most fruitfull for grasse and corne but in most places wanting wood a common defect of the neighbouring and inland shires Townes here are Lutterworth vpon the Swift a small streame falling into the Avon Beyond where is the High Crosse vpon Watlingstreet stood Vennones of Antoninus Harborough towards the head of the river Welland Melton-Moubray Not far off lieth Erdborough or Borough Verometum of Antoninus The tract of the fort or towne is yet plainly seen vpon the top of a steep hill with a large pleasant prospect ouerlooking the subject countrey Vpon the riuer Soare Leicester Rhage of Prolemy Ratis or Ratae of Antoninus the chiefe towne sometimes a Bishops See taken out of Lichfeld by Ethelred king of the Mercians son to Penda vnited afterwards with Dorcester Mont-sorell Loughborough vpon the Soare vnder the hilly and great Forrest of Charnwood More west Bosworth fatall to Richard the third overthrowne slaine at a memorable battaile in the bordering plaines by king Henry the seaventh Ashbye de la Zouch It containeth 6 hundreds 12 Market towns some 200 parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Coritani of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons LINCOLNE-SHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Rutlandshire and with the VVelland from Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire and the VVashes the Sea Metaris of Ptolemy from Norfolke vpon the East with the German Ocean vpon the North vvith Humber Abus of Ptolemy from Yorkeshire and vpon the West vvith the river Dun from the same Shire with the Trent from Nottinghamshire
Knottesford Stockport or Stockfort vpon the Mersee Nantwich vpon the Wever Northwich vpon the same riuer Betwixt these vpon the Croc Middlewich In the three last plenty of Sault is boiled from Sault-springs Chester Deunana of Ptolemy and Deva of Antoninus the Mansion sometimes of the twentith Roman Legion surnamed Victrix a Bishops See and the chiefe towne vpon the riuer Dee Towards the Northwest lyeth Wirall a long Chersonese or Promontorie sandy and lesse fruitefull environed with the Ocean and the wide channels of the Dee and Mersee The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons It contayneth 13 Market towns 7 Hundreds 68 Parishes STAFFORD-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North East with Darbyshire and Warwickshire vpon the South with Worcestershire vpon the West with Cheshire and Shropshire Moreland or the North is leane hilly and mountainous the beginning of the English Apennine Towards the South and in the middle about the Trent the soile is more fertile shaded with woods the chiefe whereof are Canc Neede-wood and well stored with mineralls of Coale Iron fine Alablaster Townes here are vpon the Trent New-castle Stone the place of Martyrdome of Vulfaldus and Rufinus put to death for their Christian profession by their vnnaturall father Wulferus king of the Mercians occasioning the towne Burton Lichfield Liccidfeld of Beda vpon both sides of a lake or meare the head of a small riuer issuing into the Trent a Bishops See the first of the Mercians fixed here by S t Ceadda or Chad in the yeare 669 and raigne of king VVulferus Close by stood Etocetum of Antonmus The carkase or dead ruines hereof are called the Wall a small hamlet vpon the Roman militarie roade Stafford naming the countrey vpon the river Sow Not farre of where is Penkridge a countrie village vpon on the riuer Penck aboue the confluence hereof and the Sow stood Pennocrucium of Antoninus Eccleshall VVolverhamton VVashall Tamworth vpon the riuer Tame in both shires of Staffordshire and VVarwickshire Vtcester vpon the Doue The shire contayneth 13 Market townes 5 Hundreds and 130 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Angli Mediterranei of Beda part of the Mercian Saxons WARWICKESHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Glocestershire and Oxfordshire vpon the East with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire vpon the North with Staffordshire and vpon the VVest with VVorcestershire It is distinguished into the VVoodland the part vpon the North of the Avon and the Feldon lying vpon the South of the riuer a champiah deepe and fat soile The sheepe of this countrey especially of the Feldon are great devourers eating vp villages frame-houses and consuming or driuing out their inhabitants a common misery of the kingdome Townes in the VVood-land are Sutton-Colfeild neere Staffordshire Bremicham inhabited with Black-smiths forging sundry kinds of iron-vtensils Coleshull Non-Eaton Mancester a smale village vpon the riuer Anker Manduessedum of Antoninus Coventry vpon a small rivulet named Shirburn the chiefe towne and with Lichfield a Bishops See To the South-west vpon a lake amongst woods standeth the large faire and strong castle of Kenelworth Henly vpon the Alne Aulcester at the meeting of the riuers Alne and Arrow Vpon the Avon Rugby Warwick naming the country Praesidium of Antoninus and the Notitia the station then of a troupe of Dalmatian horse Stratford vpon the same riuer In the Feldon Southam Kineton Shipston vpon the Stour Here are contayned 15 Market-townes 9 Hundreds and 158 Parishes The auncient inhabitants were the Cornavii of Ptolemy afterwards the Mercian Saxons WORCESTER-SHIRE BOunded vpon the South with Glocestershire vpon the East with Warwickshire vpon the North with Staffordshire and vpon the West with Shropshire and with Malverne hills from Herefordshire The aire is healthfull the soile fruitfull amongst other profits yeelding store of Pirry a raw and windy beverage in the middle and to the North more close and wooddy towards the South and the riuer Avon descending in a fat and open valley Townes here are Kidderminster vpon the Stour VVich vpon the Salwarp enriched with Sault-springs whereof plenty of fine sault is boiled Vpon the right shore of the Severne Beaudley adjoyning to the Forest of Wyre Vpon the left shore and on this side of the riuer Worcester Brannogenium of Ptolemy misplaced by my Authour amongst the Ordovices a Bishops See and the chiefe towne In the vale and vpon the Avon Eveshom The auncient inhabitants were on this side of the Severne the Cornavii of Ptolemy beyond part of the Silures and Ordovices of the same authour afterwards the VViccii of Beda part of the Mercian Saxons It contayneth 10 Market-townes 7 Hundreds and 152 Parishes SHROP-SHIRE DEvided with the Severne and bounded vpon the East with Worcester-shire Staffordshire vpon the North with Cheshire vpon the VVest with Denbighshire and Mongomery-shire in Wales and vpon the South with Hereford-shire The countrey is large pleasant fruitfull and very populous Townes of better note are VVhitechurch Oswestre named thus and occasioned from Oswald the second most Christian king of Northumberland slaine here in a blooddy battaile by Penda king of the Mercians reputed a Saint Martyr by the people of that devouter age honouring the place with their frequent pilgrimages Draiton vpon the Terne Newport Shrewsbury vpon a hil almost encompassed with the Severne a rich empory and the chiefe towne Below Wroxcester a meane village at the meeting of the Severne and the Terne Viroconium of Ptolemy and Vriconium of Antoninus a citie of the Cornavij Over Wreken hill towards New-port Oken-yate aother country village Vxacama of Antoninus Bridgemorfe or Bridgenorth vpon a rocke vnder which runneth the Severne and adioyning to the forrest of Morfe Wenlock Bishops-castle neare vnto the head of the river Clune Ludlow at the confluence of the riuers Temd and Corue the seate of the Councell of the Marches Aboue at the meeting of the Temd and Clune riseth the hill named Caer Caradoc by the Welsh fortified with a wall of stone and for the time defended by Caractacus king of the Britons against P. Ostorius Scapula Lieftenant of the Roman province for the Emperour Claudius mentioned by Tacitus in the 12 booke of his Annals Some reliques of that rude defence are yet appearing The auncient inhabitants were parts of the Cornavij and Orduices of Ptolemy the Ordovices of Tacitus afterwards the Mercian Saxons Heere are contained 14 Market Townes 15 hundreds and 170 parishes HEREFORD-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Shropshire vpon the East with Worcestershire and Glocestershire vpon the South with Monmouthshire vpon the West with Brecknockeshire and Radnorshire The aire is pure and healthy the country pleasant watered with sundry sweet fresh rivers the chiefest whereof are the Wye Lug Munow descending from the Welsh Mountaines the soile most fruitfull the people stout free and giuen
to hospitality Townes are Lemster vpon the river Lug commended for wools the best of the kingdome Brameyard in a bottome vpon the riuer Frome Ledbury vnder Malverne hils vpon the Ledden Hereford in a plaine vpon the Wye a Bishops See and the chiefe towne raised as it is thought out of the ashes and named thus from Ariconium of Antoninus whose ruines are yet seene where are Kenchester wals distant about three miles Westward from the city The Cathedrall Church is dedicated to S. Ethelbert a king of the East-Angles murthered at Sutton vpon the Lug the Court then of Offa king of the Mercians thorough the ambition and treason of Quendreda Queene to Offa honoured afterwards as a Sainct and Martyr Rosse vpon the same riuer The Old Town a small village vpon the Munow Blestium of Antoninus The auncient inhabitants were the Silyres of Ptolemy or the Silures of Antoninus It containeth 8 market townes 11 hundreds and 176 parishes These 23 Shires inclusiuely from Glocestershire seeme to haue contained more aunciently the Roman Province named Flavia Caesariensis by Rufus Festus and the Notitia with part of Britannia secunda of the same Authours divided amongst 6 more great and potent British people the Dobuni Cattieuchlani Trinobantes Iceni Coritani and Cornavij of Ptolemy and others with part of the Silures and Ordovices During the Saxons Heptarchy they comprehended the three kingdomes 1 of the East-Saxons 2 the East Angles 3 and the Mercians They make now the 2 Quart or division formerly mentioned extended about 160 English miles in length betwixt East and West and in breadth betwixt North and South some 130 of the same miles and bounded vpon the East with the German Ocean and from the rest of England vpon the South with the riuer Thames and the Avon by Bristoll vpon the North with Humber and the riuer Mersee and vpon the West with Offaes Ditch and part of the Wye from Wales MONMOVTH-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with the riuer Munow from Herefordshire vpon the East with the Wye from Glocestershire vpon the South with the Sea of Severne and vpon the West with the Remney from Glamorganshire The parts towards the East and Wye are graffie and full of woods those toward the West stony and somewhat mountainous the Sea-coasts where the Vske falleth into the Severne low moorish and subject to invndations Places of more note are Munmouth at the confluence of the Wye and Munow the chiefe towne honoured with the birth of Henry the fift the glorious Conquerour of France Chepstow vpon the Wye neere vnto the fall thereof into the Severne Westwards from hence is seene Caer Went the carkase of an old Roman city named Venta of the Silures by Antoninus Aber-gevenny or Aber-genny Gobannium of Antoninus at the meetings of the Gevenye and the Vske Vske named thus from the riuer Burrium of Antoninus Caer-Leon vpon the same riuer of Vske Isca Silurum of Antoninus the Mansion of the second Romane Legion surnamed Augusta Newport vpon the same riuer neerer to the Severne The inhabitants are part of the Silyres of Ptolemy the Silures of Tacitus It is divided into 6 Hundreds wherein are contained 6 Market townes and 127 parishes It is not accompted amongst the Welsh shires GLAMORGAN-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with the river Remneye from Monmouthshire vpon the South with the Sea of Severne vpon the West with the Loghor from Caermarthenshire and vpon the North with Brecknockeshire The North and more inland parts are mountainous hilly the Sea-coasts more plaine fruitful populous and well replenished with townes These of better note are Landaff vpon the riuer Taff a Bishops See Caerdif vpon the same river the chiefe towne Cowbridge Not far from hence vpon the sea-coast is Boverton Bovium of Antoninus Neath vpon the riuer so called Nidum of Antoninus Swansey or Aber-taw at the mouth of the riuer Taw in Gower the part of this country betwixt the rivers Neath and Loghor Further to the West standeth Loghar vpon the riuer thus named Leucarum of Antoninus The inhabitants are the Silures of Tacitus Here are contained 6 Market townes 10 Hundreds and 118 parishes BRECKNOCK-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Herefordshire vpon the South with Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire vpon the West with Caermarthen-shire and vpon the North with the riuer of Wye from Radnorshire The countrey is mountainous in the valleyes not vnfruitfull Places of more note are Brecknocke vpon the riuer Vske the chiefe towne Vpon the VVye Buelth Bulleum of Antoninus naming the bordering mountainous region Hay vpon the same riuer The inhabitants are part of the Silures of Tacitus The Shire contayneth 6 Hundreds 3 Market townes and 61 parishes RADNOR-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with Mongomerieshire vpon the East with Hereford-shire vpon the South with the riuer Wye from Brecknock-shire and vpon the VVest with Cardiganshire The parts towards Cardiganshire the VVest are altogether taken vp with rocky asperous desert mountaines strong refuges of Outlawes and of Vortigerne king of the Britons pursued by the all conquering English and the feare and hate of his owne subiects Those to the South and East are lesse vnfruitfull and better inhabited Townes here are New-Radnor the chiefe towne distinguished thus from the Old not vnprobably Magni of Antoninus and Magi of the Notitia the station of a foote company of the Pacenses Prestaine vpon the riuer Lug. Knighton The inhabitants are part of the Silures It contayneth 6 Hundreds 4. Market-townes and onely 52 Parishes CARMARDEN-SHIRE BOunded vpon the North with the riuer Tyvi from Cardiganshire vpon the East with Brecknockshire and the riuer Loghor from Glamorganshire vpon the South with the Sea of Severne vpon the VVest with Penbrokeshire The country is hilly the soile not vnfruitfull Townes here are Caermarden vpon the riuer Tovy the chiefe towne Maridunum of Ptolemy Higher vpon the top of a hill vnder which runneth the Tovy standeth Dineuour-castle the seate sometimes of the princes of South-wales New-castle vpon the Tyui and the edge of Cardiganshire coniecturally Louentinum of Ptolemy Kidwelly vpon the Ocean The inhabitants are part of the Demetae of Ptolemy The whole contayneth 6 Market-towne 6 Hundreds 87 Parishes PENBROKE-SHIRE BOunded vpon the East with Caermardenshire vpon the North with the riuer Tyvi from Cardiganshire and vpon the other sides encompassed with the Ocean The countrey is lesse hilly the soile fruitfull cut and deuided in the middle with the riuers Cledhydhy and Cledhewen Milford haven whereinto these are disburdened distinguished into sundry creekes bayes roades for ships the most safe and spacious harbour of the kingdome Vpon the VVest of the bay lyeth a Promontorie or Chersonese named Ros by the Britons and otherwise from the speech litle England beyond VVales inhabited by a colony of the Dutch or Flemmings planted here by king Henrie the first
warres or more honourable and gainefull conquests Towards the waine of the Romans Empire they are named the Scots the occasion or reason hereof we finde not subduing the neighbouring Picts and Caledonians and giuing the name of Scotland to the Northern part of the Brittish Continent Leauing there this new affected name they lastly resume and returne here vnto their first and more wonted name of Irish. Their gouerment anciently was vnder many petty kings or tyrants In the raigne of king Henry the second occasioned through the quarrels hereof they are first made subiect to the English whose princes were stiled Lords of Ireland King Henry the eight by the good likeing of the natiues first assumed the title of King continued euer since in his successours More lately they were distinguished into the Irish and the English Pales or the Wild and Civill Irish whereof these obeyed the English lawes the other were let loose to their barbarous customes and liuing The happy successe of the last warres against Tir-oën and the wisdome and zeale of King Iames of happy memory put an end to this diuision the country being now every where planted with ciuill inhabitants and the whole reduced to an English Province The lawes whereby the people are governed are their Acts of Parliament and the Municipall or Common Lawes of England executed by the Lord Deputy or Vice-roy for the king Presidents Iudges Sheriffs other English names of Magistrates Their Religion which only is allowed is the Reformed or Protestant yet where the pretended Catholique or Roman doth more prevaile amongst the vulgar through their discontent or an inbred and rooted superstition Their Cleargie are Archbishops Bishops and Inferiour rankes whose Primate is Armagh and first Apostle S. Patricius or Patrick in the yeare 432 and the raigne of the Emperour Valentinian the third a Scot or Irishman after my author nephew to S. Martin Bishop of Tours and Disciple to S. German The Religious of this nation Monkes of an ancient institution haue been no lesse deseruing then their neighbours of Great Brittaine chast and holy Seminaries of pietie and religion during the Primitiue times of the English French and Dutch Churches but who passing vnder the generall name of the Scots for both then were thus called are oftentimes mistaken by their readers for the Scots of the Continent The country is divided into 5 greater names or Provinces petty kingdomes sometimes of the Irish Vlster Leinster Meth. Conaght Mounster VLSTER BOunded vpon the East North and West with the Ocean and vpon the South with Leinster Meth and Conaght The country is large the soil good deepe pasturages but otherwise vntill the English last plantation lesse fruitfull through the sloathfulnesse of the wild natiues overgrowne with vast and thicke woods bogs lakes and marishes Chiefe townes are Knocfergus in Antrim within a spacious bay Vinderius of Ptolemie a garrison towne and a commodious Port neere to Cantire and Scotland Vpon the same Easterne shore and in Louth Carlingford Dundalk Tredah at the mouth of the riuer Boine a faire and populous towne the next to Leinster Within Armagh neere to the river Kalin an Archbishops sea the Primate of the kingdome The Province containeth ten shires or counties Louth Cavon Fermanagh encompassing the great Lake Erne Monaghan Armagh Down Antrim Colran Tir-oen and Tir conell or Donegall The ancient inhabitants were the Darnij Voluntij Robognij and Erdini of Ptolemy LEINSTER EXtended along the Irish Ocean from Tredah Vlster and the river Boine vnto the Neure and Mounster vpon the South and bounded towards the West with Meth and the riuer Shaâ—on from Canaght The soile is fruitfull better manured and lesse encombred with woods the inhabitants more civill descended for a great part from the English and conforming to their habit and custome of living Chiefe townes are Dublin Eblana of Ptolemie vpon the Ocean at the fall of the river Liff Libnius of Ptolemy an Archbishops sea and the seat of the Lord Deputy or Viceroy of the kingdome rich strong populous and beautified with faire buildings Without standeth a College consecrated to the Muses and the name of the holy Trinitie a small Vniversitie founded by Queene Elizabeth of happy memory Weisford Menapia of Ptolemie at the mouth of the Slane the river Modona of the same author the first place in Ireland subdued by the English and peopled with their Colonies Within the land Kildare a Bishops sea Kilkenny vpon the river Neure the best towne of all the inland parts The whole containeth 7 divisions or shires Dublin Weisford Kildare Kings-Countie Queenes countie or the Lease Caterlogh and Kilkenny The ancient inhabitants were the Menapij Cauci Blanij and Brigantes of Ptolemy METH SEated in the middle of the Iland betwixt Leinster Conaught and Vlster It containeth East-Meth West-Meth and the countie of Longford Towns here are Trim in East-Meth vpon the river Boyne and Molingar in West-Meth The ancient inhabitants were part of the Blanij of Ptolemy CONAGHT BOunded vpon the West with the Irish Ocean vpon the North with Vlster and vpon the East and South with Meth Leinster and Mounster by the great river Shanon Senus of Ptolemie arising out of the mountaines of Letrim and after a long course hauing made sundry great lakes by the way falling into the Westerne Ocean some 60 miles below Limerick In the North hereof rise Curlew Mountaines fatall to the English by their slaughter and overthrow during the late Irish warres It containeth 6 shires or Counties Letrim Roscoman Slego Maio Galway and Twomund The chiefe towne and the third citty of the kingdome is Galway a Bishops sea a faire rich and well frequented Port neere vnto the fall of the great lake or river Corbes into the Westerne Ocean The ancient inhabitants were the Gangani Auteri and Nagnatae of Ptolemie MOVNSTER BOunded vpon the South-East and West with the Ocean and vpon the North with Leinster and the river Shanon from Conaght divided amongst 6 Counties Limerick Tipperarie Corck Waterford Desmond and Kerry Chiefe townes are Limerick in an Iland encompassed with the riuer Shanon a Bishops sea and a well traded Empory Waterford a rich Port and the second citty of the kingdome vpon the river Suire Corck a Bishops sea Kinsale a walled towne and a commodious Port at the mouth of the river Bany The ancient inhabitants were the Velibori Vodiae Vterni and Coriondi of Ptolemie Other more noted Ilands of Great Brittaine are 1 those of Orkney 2 those of Schetland lying in 63 degrees of Latitude 3 the Westerne Ilands belonging to the Crowne of Scotland 5 Subject to the English Crowne Man 6 Those of Silly 7 Wight and Holy Iland c. THE FIFTH BOOKE COntayning the present bounds situation and quality of Spaine The Inhabitants Their manners languages and religion The institution power and courts of their Inquisition The number and order of their Bishops The Religious del
first embraced the Orthodox tenent the whole Spaine is againe become Catholique in the which the same persisted vntil the expiration of the name Monarchy hereof in Rodericus In the yeare 714 raigne of this Prince hapned that fatall invasion of the Moores whereby this country almost in a moment of time became over-whelmed with the new Mahumetane superstition religion confined within the Mountaines of Biscay Asturia After long fierce warres for aboue the space of 700 yeares the kingdome of Granado their last retraite being taken in by Ferdinand the fifth and Isabel kings of Castile and Aragon the Infidels are again beaten home into Afrique the Province is totally recovered vnto the Christian beliefe if by this time it may rightly be esteemed Christian corrupted by long Popish impostures which although since in part reformed in most other parts of Christendome hath here in its full impurity beene maintained vnto this day The Religion then here only allowed is that of the Romish Church without all visible shew of other mixtures An especial cause hereof besides the vnnaturall stiffnes of the Nation not easily changing hath beene the Inquisition with extreamest diligence and watchfulnesse still crushing Religion in the shell Protestants bookes all freer discourse and commerce vtterly prohibited taking away all meanes of attayning to the light hereof This was first begun in the yeare 1478 in the raignes of Ferdinand the fifth and Elizabeth kings of Castile and Aragon by the especiall procurement of D. Pedro Gonsales de Mendoza Cardinall Archbishop of Sevilla occasioned by the Apostacy of the newly then baptized Iewes and Moores beginning to returne to their ancient Superstition against whom then chiefly the name of Lutheran Protestant not being extant it was intended It was first exercised in the Kingdomes of Castile and Granado afterwards receiued into Navarre Arragon and lastly into Portugall The power and authority hereof is to enquire after and to censure Infidelity haeresie witchcraft sins against nature The Inquisitours are all of the Saecular Cleargy besides Portugal distributed into 12 Courts or Tribunals the Courts of Inquisition at Vallidolid Logronnio for Navarre so much of the kingdome of Castile as lyeth on this side the Mountaines of Segovia Avila at Toledo and Cuença for New Castile at L'erena for Estremadura at Murcia for that Countrey at Sivilla and Cordova for Andaluzia at Granado for the kingdome thereof at Valentia for that Province at Saragoça for Aragonia at Barcelona for Catalonia The residence hereof for Portugall I finde not By these mercilesse Tyrannies thus dispersed ouer the bodie of these Realmes the people here are so bridled in that nothing can be spoken scarcely knowne much lesse attempted or done prejudiciall to the present Romish Church and Religion Insomuch that here the Priests may lye by authority coyne forge miracles without contradiction say doe whatsoeuer they please without any one daring to oppose euen against their palpable impostures most shamelesse impudency These as in all other Countreyes subiect to the See of Rome are distinguished into Archbishops Bishops Secular Priests sundry sorts of Regulars The Bishops besides those of Leon Oviedo who by auncient exemptions acknowledge no superiour but the Pope are ranked vnder their Archbishops or Metropolitanes as follow Vnder Toledo the Bishops of Cordova Cuenca Siguença Iaen Murcia and Vxama Vnder S t Iago Orense Mondonedo Badaios Tui Placenza Lugo Salamanca Avila Zamora Astorga Coria Cuidad Rodrigo Vnder Sivilla Malaga Cadiz and of the Canary Ilands Vnder Granado Guadix and Almeria Vnder Burgos Pampelona and Calahora Vnder Valentia Orihuela Segorve and Xativa Vnder Saragoça Huesca Iacca Balbastro Taradona and Albarracino and vnder Taragona Barcelona Tortosa Vique Vrgel Girona Lerida and Elna in the land of Russillon In Portugall are 3 Archbishops Sees of Braga Lisbona and Evora Whereunto are subordinate the Bishops of Coimbre Lamego Viseo Porto Miranda Portalegre Guarda Elvis Leira and Silvis Of these Toledo Taragona and Braga doe all contend for the Primacy the matter yet remaining vndetermined Howbeit Toledo now carryeth the accompt the most honourable and richest hereof whose reuenues are esteemed at 300000 duckats by the yeare the perpetuall Chancelour of Spaine Amongst the inferiour Cleargie the most memorable proper almost to this Countrey are the Orders del Resgate and de la Merced the former flourishing most in Aragonia where it begun the other much the greater in the kingdome of Castile but scattered neverthelesse over France and other parts bordering vpon the Sea Mediterranean The profession and exercise hereof is with almes gathered amongst the people to redeeme such Christian Captiues as what by chance of warre and by the daily pyracyes and incursions of the Turkes and Moores doe in Barbary and other Mahumetane countries liue enthralled to the Infidells for this cause sending yearely their Agents to Algier and Fez where managing this affaire with no lesse diligence then faithfulnes they first ransom the religious then the king of Spaine Lay subiects and of those first the yonger sort then those of other nations as farre as their almes will extend They leaue also here certaine of their brethren to informe them of the state quality and necessitie of the Captiues to make the better way for their liberty the yeare following The king with a liberall hand greatly furthereth this busines giuing ordinarily asmuch more as the Fryers haue collected Neither are the people wanting herein few here dying who leaueth not some legacie for these charitable vses Besides these numberles Cleargie here are another sort of Regulars which although for the most part they are of the Laity depend notwithstanding and had their beginning from Religion They are the Knights of the Crosse instituted in the holy warres against the Saracens whose office it was by armes to defend the Christian faith and the professours thereof againgst the force and outrages of the Infidells besides the Malteses who here yet hold good possessions devided into six orders peculiar to this Province those of Calatrava S. Iames and Alcantara in the kingdome of Castille of Avis and of Christ in Portugals and of Montesa in Aragon The order of Calatrava was first occasioned in the yeare 1157 by certaine Monkes of the order of Cisteaux vndertaking the defence of that city then newly surprized vpon the Infidell and in regard of the danger forsaken by the Knight Templars to whose charge is was committed In processe of time it grew to that state that besides 8 faire Monasteries it now enjoyeth no lesse then 61 townes and castles in both kingdomes of Castille Aragon The Knights doe weare for a marke of their order a white coate with a red crosse vpon it and are subject to the Monkish discipline of Cisteaux They haue made many flittings of their chiefe residence from Calatrava to Ciruelos to Buxeda to Corcolos to Salvitierra and from thence to the castle of
king Ferdinand the fift Estella Pampelona Pompelon of Ptolemy Strabo Antoninus named thus and first founded by Pompey the great immediately after the warres ended with Sertorius a Bishops See and the residence of the Vice-royes situated in a plaine vpon the river Arga. Suprarbe amongst the Pyrenaean mountaines Here begun first the kingdome of Navarra before the plaine countrey subdued named hereof The auncient inhabitants of Navarra were part of the Vascones of Ptolemy Strabo and Pliny after the Westerne Roman Empire subdued in the raigne of Dagobert King of the French desbourding beyond the Pyrenaean Mountaines into the province of Aquitania in Gaule as probably about the same time here amongst the Cantabri occasioning the names of Biscaia and Guipuscoa in Spaine and of Gascoigne in France CASTILLIA LA VEIA THis country including Leon whose distinct limits we find not comprehendeth all that large tract of land extending from Biscaia and Asturia lying vpon the North thereof vnto the mountaines of Segovia Avila vpon the South dividing it from Castillia la Nueva having otherwise vpon the East Navarra with the kingdome of Aragon and vpon the West the kingdome of Portugal according to the lines and bounds before set downe It is more plaine fruitfull and better inhabited then are the neighbouring countries bordering vpon the Cantabrian Sea serving notwithstanding better for pasturage then for corne wine oyle fruites It is refreshed with many faire rivers amongst the which is the Duero the receptacle of the rest Townes of better note are Astorga Asturica Augusta of Ptolemy Asturica of Antoninus and Pliny surnaming the Astures Augustani then the chiefe of that division now a Bishops See frontiring vpon Galitia Leon at the foote of the Asturian mountaines built out of the ruines of Sublancia lying sometimes amongst the neighbouring hils where now is Sublanco in regard of the strong situation thereof destroyed by the commaund of the Emperour Nerva fearing a commotion of those mountainers Ptolemy who liued about that time named it Legio Germanica Septima Antoninus with some difference Legio Septima Gemina either because that it was first founded by that Legion or because that it was their fix'd residence and station Won from the Moores by Pelagius the first King of the Asturians it became afterwards the royall seate of those princes entitl'd from hence Kings of Leon vntill the vnion hereof with Castille It is now a Bishops See exempt from all superiour jurisdiction in matters Ecclesiasticall saving of the Popes The towne otherwise is meane and ill inhabited beautified chiefely with a faire Cathedrall Church where the auncient Kings of Leon lie enterred The auncient inhabitants of this part were the Astures Augustani of Pliny Salamança Salmantica of Ptolemy Antoninus a Bishops See and a flourishing Vniversity chiefely for the civill lawes seated vpon the river Tormes The auncient inhabitants of the country hereabouts were the Vettones of Strabo Ptolemy Coria Carium of Ptolemy a Bishops See Cuidad Rodrigo Rusticana of Ptolemy a Bishops See vpoÌ„ the riuer Gada The auncient inhabitants were part of the Lusitani of Ptolemy Zamora Sentica of Ptolemy Sentice of Antoninus a Bishops See seated vpon the right shore of the Duero The towne is strong and fairely built Tordesillas Segisama of Polybius in Strabo Segisama Iulia of Ptolemy Segisamon of Antoninus Palentia Palantia of Ptolemy and Antoninus Pallantia of Strabo Mela the name not much changed seated vpon the riuer Carrion aunciently an Vniversity removed thence to Salamança by king Ferdinand the third Vallidolid Pintia of Ptolemy situated vpon the riuer Pisuerga a late Vniversity founded by Philip the second and the chiefe of the three Cancellariaes of Castille Leon whither the greatest part of that kingdome resort for matters of justice By meanes hereof and of the Kings Court residing for the most here and at Madrid the towne is become very populous faire large and of great state nothing yeelding to the best cities in Spaine Lisbona and Sevilla excepted The auncient inhabitants of this part of Castille were the Vaccaei of Ptolemy but extended much further Strabo reckoneth Pallantia amongst the Arevacae but erroneously Burgos amongst shady mountaines neere to Monte D'oca and the head of the riuer Relanzon founded by Nunnius Belchis a Dutchman sonne in law to Iames Porcellus one of the first Earles of Castille out of certaine lesser townes and villages lying hereabouts amongst the which as is supposed was Braum of Ptolemy It continued after this for a long time the royall seate of the kings of Castille It is now an Archbishops See retayning the chiefe place amongst the cityes of the kingdome of Castille and Leon in the Parliaments or generall assemblies of the states The rest which haue voyces in the diets hereof are Toledo Leon Granado Sivilla Cordova Murcia Soria Avila Segovia Vallidolid Salamança Zamora Taurus Cuença Guadalaiara Madrid and Iaen all the other townes excluded Without Burgos flourisheth the rich Nunnery de las Huelgas a monasterie of especiall revenue whereinto none can be admitted but such as are noblely descended In the mountaines some 20 miles herefrom where is the Chappell called Nuestra Senora d'oca sometimes stood the town Auca giuing the name of Saltus Aucensis to the part of Idubeda now called Monte D'oca Avila a Bishops See vnder the hils named from hence the Mountaines of Avila Segovia Segovia of Pliny Antoninus Segubia of Ptolemy a Bishops See and a rich towne of cloathing lying vnder the same mountainous ridge Here yet standeth almost whole an ancient Aquaeduct of the Romans the most entire and fairest monument in Spaine Cronna del Conde Clunia of Ptolemy Pliny Antoninus one of the 7 resorts of the province Tarraconensis Vxama Vxama of Pliny Antoninus a Bishops See Soria neere vnto the head of the Duero At Garay a village towne neere herevnto stood sometimes that famous Numantia renowned for a 14 yeares warres against the Romans subdued by Scipio African the younger The auncient inhabitants of the countrey from Segovia were the Arevacae of Ptolemy the Arrebaci of Pliny the Arevaci of Strabo part of the Celtiberi Beyond Monte D'oca Naiara Logronnio vpon the Ebro Iuliobriga of Ptolemy and Iuliobrica of Pliny a city of the Cantabri Calaâ—ora vpon the same river a Bishops See Calagorina of Ptok my Calaguris of Strabo Calagurris of Antoninus a town of the Vascones and the countrey of the Oratour-Quintilian CASTILLIA LA NVEVA BOunded vpon the North with the Mountaines of Segovia Avila dividing it from Castillia la Veia environed on the other sides with Extremadura Andaluzia Granado part of the kingdome of Aragon The countrey is Champian plaine for the most part yeelding sufficient plenty of corne fruites and other necessary provision Chiefer townes are Talavera seated vpon the Taio and belonging to the Arch-bishop of Toledo
the name of the Vnited Provinces Isabella daughter to Philip the second king of Spaine by the gift and assignment of her father succeeding in the title of Burgundy and in what is left of the Netherlands Shee married vnto Albert Arch-duke of Austria younger son to the Emperour Maximilian the second lately deceased THE EARLEDOME of LYON and MASCON now LIONOIS THey contayned the rest of Burgundy lying on this side the Soasne devided by the Emperour Charles the Bauld as hath beene before related into fiue lesser Cantons the Counties of Dijon Austun and Chalon making the Dukedome of Burgundy and those other of Lyon Mascon commaunded by their severall Earles being then but such officers of the Emperour thus named becomming after this to be Vsu-fructuaryes and hereditary They came afterwards to the right of the Bishops Church of Lyon vnited with France and making the countrey now called Lionois held as was still the Dukedome of Burgundy vnder the right soveraignety of the French Kings THE DVKEDOME OF BVRGVNDY BEYOND THE IOVR. IT was situated betwixt the Mountainous ridge of the Iour and the Alpes and the Rhijn comprehending at this day the Dukedome of Savoy and the confederacy of the Switzers Grisons It was first an Earledome begun in the person of Conrade brother to Robert the great and vncle to Eudo afterwards French King appointed first Counte or governour hereof by the Emperour Charles the Bauld In the person of Rodulph son to Conrade succeeding herevnto in the Earledome or government it was raised to a petty kingdome named of Burgundy by Eudo French King the more hereby to enoble his house and to affront Bozon Earle of Burgundy beyond the Soasne who already had vsurped the title of King of Burgundy by the aide assistance of the German Emperours Rodulph notwithstanding after the decease of Eudo being vnwilling to displease the Emperours changed afterwards his more odious title of King for that lesser of Duke continued by the succeeding princes By Bozon the second the last Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine vpon the decease of his brother Rodulph the second without heires succeeding in the kingdome of Arles or Burgundy it became vnited to that kingdome continuing in this vnion vntill the expiration and end of that State The princes follow Conrade aforesaid first Earle or Governour of Burgundy beyond the Iour in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Bald. Rodulph the first son to Conrade first King afterwards Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine in the raignes of Eudo and Charles the Simple French Kings Charles the Simple being imprisoned and deposed by his factious nobility he became afterwards King of France The better to strengthen his side and to assure his ill got kingdome he gaue the Dukedome of Burgundy Transiuraine vnto Rodulph Duke of Burgundy on this side the Soasne Rodulph the second Duke of Burgundy on this side the Soasne by the gift of Rodulph French King succeeding in the Dukedome of Burgundy Transiuraine Contending with Hugh King of Arles Burgundy for the Empire and kingdome of Italy he exchanged his right vnto Italy for the kingdom of Arles resigning vnto his brother Hugh surnamed the Blacke the Dukedome of Burgundy on this side the Soasne and to his brother Bozon this other of Burgundy Transiuraine Bozon Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine by the gift of his brother Rodulph king of Arles His brother Rodulph King of Arles deceasing without issue he became also King of Arles Burgundy in whom ended the name title of the Dukedome of Burgundy Transiuraine or beyond the Iour vnited to the kingdome of Arles The Kingdome of ARLES and BVRGVNDY THis Kingdome was begun in the person of Bozon brother to Iudith wife vnto the Emperour Charles the Bauld by the gift of this prince made first Earle or Governour of Burgundy beyond the Soasne after his decease in the raigne of the two bastard brothers Lewis and Carloman French Kings created king of Arles and Burgundy for thus were these kings stiled by the Emperour Charles the Fat to bee held vnder the right of the German Emperours It contained at the time when it was first erected onely the division or Earledome of Burgundy beyond the Soasne before-mentioned lying betwixt that riuer and the mountaine Iour the Rhosne and the Alpes and the Vauge and the Sea Mediterranean cōprehending now the Countryes of Provençe Daulphinye the Free County of Burgundy By Bozon the second Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine vpon the decease of his brother Rodulph the first sans issue succeeding in this kingdome the Dukedome of Burgundy Transiuraine was added hereunto In Rodulph the second deceasing without heires the kingdome state tooke end giuen by him to the Emperour Conrade the second to Henry surnamed the Black son herevnto and of his sister Gisela incorporated by them to the German Kingdome Empire parted afterwards into sundry lesser Signeuryes Gouerments the Earledomes of Provençe of the Free County of Burgundy the Dukedome of Savoy Daulphinye and the Confederacy of the Switzers and Grisons partly at this day holding of the Empire partly vnited with the Kingdome of France partly being Free Estates The order of the Princes follow Bozon the first Earle of Burgundy on this fide of the Soasne created first king of Burgundy or Arles in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the Fat of Lewes and Carloman French kings Lewis son to Bozon of Ermengarde daughter to the Emperour Lewes the second He was chosen crowned king of Italy Roman Emperour by the factious Italians betrayed afterwards at Verona to his Competitour Berengario Duke of Friuli sent back with his eyes plucked out Hee dyed sans issue leauing the kingdome vnto Hugh d' Arles bastard son to Lotharius the second King of Lorraine Waldrada his concubine Earle of Provençe Hugh d' Arles by the gift of Lewis succeeding in the kingdome of Arles and Burgundy Elected together with Rodulph Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine by their severall factions king of Italy for his more easie quiet possession of Italy he gaue Arles Burgundy vnto Rodulph his competitour Rodulph the first Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine vpon composition with Hugh d' Arles succeeding in the kingdome of Arles Burgundy He gaue the dukedome of Burgundy Transiuraine vnto his brother Bozon the second died without issue Bozon the second Duke of Burgundy Transiuraine after the decease of his brother Rodulph the first succeeding in the kingdome of Arles Burgundy By this Prince and meanes Burgundy Transiuraine or beyond the Iour became vnited with the kingdome of Arles Burgundy Conrade son to Bozon the second Hee married vnto Maude sister to Lotharius daughter to Lewes the fourth French kings Rodulph the second son to Conrade Maude Iustly incensed against the French kings of the house of Aniou in regard of their iniuries done vnto his family and to the house of Charles the Great
or Vannes the inhabitants speake only the British language for this cause named by the French la Bretaigne Bretonant Blavet a little haven towne at the mouth of the riuer thus called Vannes Dariorigum of Ptolemie and civitas Venetûm of Antoninus a Bishops sea seated vpon a goodly bay nere vnto the mouth of the riuer Vilaine The towne is old ruinous and much decayed The country hereabouts were the Veneti of Strabo Caesar Ptolemy Pliny and Antoninus from whom proceeded the ancient Veneti in Italie seated vpon the coast of the sea Adriaticke drawne thither in those passages of the Gaules vnder Belovesus and occasioning afterwards the name of the famous citty and people of the Venetians In the time of Caesar they were the mightiest people and of greatest authority amongst the Armorici strong in shipping and of great skill and experience in sea-faring matters Nere herevnto in an Iland within the bay hereof standeth the strong castle of Sussinio Guerrande Croisic little haven townes beyond the riuer Vilaine at the mouth of the Loire Nantes Condivincum of Ptolemie civitas Namnetum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Bailliage seated vpon the Loire The citty is large faire strong and populous the chiefest in Bretaigne The country hereabouts were the Nannetes of Caesar and Plinie the Namnitae of Ptolemie and the Namneti of Antoninus Clisson a strong towne castle in the Dutchie of Raiz which is the part of Bretaigne lying beyond the Loire or betwixt that riuer and Poictou Moncontour S. Brieu a Bishops sea and a well frequented port seated vpon the English chanell betwixt two little rivulets Trieu and Arguennon supposed by Bertrand to be the rivers Titius and Argenis of Ptolemie Lamballe The people hereabouts are excellent deluers or pioners vnto which trade they chiefly addict themselues thought by Bertrand to be the Ambiliates of Caesar. Hitherto or in the dioceses of Vannes Nantes and S. Brieu both the French and British tongues are spoken or as in Chesne a mixed language of these two which part for this cause is named by the French la Bretaigne Mesle Dinan a rich and pleasant towne vpon the riuer Rance S. Malo a Bishops sea and a noted Port strongly seated vpon a rocke within the sea wherewith at every flowing water it is encompassed being ioined to the continent only by an artificiall narrow causey or neck of land Montfort in the diocese of S. Malo Dol a Bishops sea vnwholsomely situated amongst marishes Renes Condate of Ptolemie and civitas Redonum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Baâ—lliage and the Parliament of Bretaigne The citty is not very large containing onely some mile and an halfe in compasse yet strong and populous accounted the next after Nantes The country hereabouts were the Rhedones of Caesar Ptolemie and Plinie the Redones of Antoninus Chasteau-Briand La Vitre Fougeres vpon the river Covesnon strong frontire places towards Normandie Maine Aniou In this more Easterly part of Bretaigne towards France or in the diocese of S. Malo Dol and Renes the inhabitants speake only the French named herevpon la Bretaigne Gallicant THE PARLIAMENT OF ROVEN COntaining only the Dukedome of Normandie NORMANDIE HAving vpon the West the river Covesnon dividing it from Bretaigne vpon the North the English Chanell vpon the East Picardie and vpon the South and South-East the countries of Maine and France Speciall The country for fertilitie and large extent number strength state of townes the nobilitie multitude of people their wit courage and valour aboue the ordinary of the nation may deseruedly be accounted the chiefe Province of the kingdome It is divided into the Higher and the Lower Normandie whereof this containeth the sea-coasts the other the more inland parts The Lower Normandie againe is subdiuided into the parts called la Caux lying betwixt the Seine and Picardie and the countries Bessin and Constantin contained betwixt the Seine and Bretaigne Chiefer townes are Auranches Ingena of Ptolemie and civitas Abrincantum of Antoninus now a Bishops sea seated vpon a scalpe or rocke overlooking the English Chanell from the which it is not farre distant as neither from Bretaigne The country hereabouts were the Abrincatui of Ptolemie and Plinie the Abrincanti of Antoninus Constances Constantia of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Bailiage naming the country called from hence le Pais Constantin The town ever since the English warres hath layen opne without either wall or fortificatioÌ„ to defend it coÌ„trary to the custome of France maner of the French cities Cherbourg a strong seacoast town in a sandy shote vnapt to plant Ordinance vpon making it thereby vneasie to be besieged It was the last place the English held in Normandie in the vnfortunate raigne of king Henry the sixt S. Lo a strong inland place vpon the river Vire Bayeux civitas Baiocassium of Antoninus a Bishops sea naming le Pais Bessin Caen a Bishops sea and Bailliage vpon the rivers Ouden and Orne The citty is large populous and strong the second of the province graced with an Vniversity founded by Henry the fift king of England In an Abbey church in the subvrbs hereof are seene the tombes statues and epitaphs of William the Conquerour the first king of England of the race of the Normans and of Maude his wife their enterred Falaise vpon the river Ante the country of the Conquerour borne here of a meane Burgers daughter The towne is strong in shew resembling a ship whose poupe might be the castle seated vpon a high rocke at the end hereof Alençon a Bailliage Hereof were entituled the Dukes of Alençon Sees civitas Salarum and Saiorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea vpon the river Orne Lyseux civitas Lexoviorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea The country here abouts were the Lexovij of Caesar Pliny and Antoninus and the Lexubij of Ptolemy Eureux a Bishops sea and Bailliage Mediolanium of Ptolemy vpon the river Iton The towne is rich populous and flourishing the third in Normandy The country were the Eburonices of Caesar the Aulercij Eburaici of Ptolemy the Aulerci Eburovices of Pliny Gisors a Bailliage and a strong frontire towne towards France speciall Roven Rothomagus of Ptolemy and civitas Rotomagensium of Antoninus vpon the Seine an Arch-bishops sea and the Parliament and chiefe citty of the country The towne is rich great populous and well traded by Merchants by meanes of the river here navigable the best of the kingdome after Paris and Lions The country were the Venellocasses of Caesar the Vellocasses of Pliny the Veneliocassij of Ptolemie the Rotomagenses of Antoninus Haure de Grace a noted Port strong towne of warre at the mouth of the Seine environed vpon the other sides with the sea and with deepe vnpassible marishes towards the land The towne is new built by king Francis the first to affront the English In the beginning of the raigne of Queene
sea and Bailliage vpon the Seine The citty is rich faire strong and well traded honoured by some with the title of the daughter of Paris the chiefest in Champeigne after Reims The country about Trois were the Tricassij of Ptolemy the Trecasses of Plinie the Tricasses of Antoninus Ivigny vpon the river Yonne Sens civitas Senonum of Antoninus vpon the Yonne and Arch-bishops sea Le Pais Senonois or the country of Sens were part of the Senones of Caesar Ptolemy Plinie and Strabo for they seemed to haue beene extended much farther from whom descended those warlike Senones of Gaule Cisalpina vnder Brennus taking and sacking Rome Langres Andomatunum of Ptolemy a Bishops sea and Pairrye in the mountainous part of the Vauge frontiring vpon the Dukedome of Burgundy Le Pais Langroin or the hilly country hereof were the Lingones of Caesar Strabo and Plinie the Longones of Ptolemy Vand'oeuvre a strong towne and fortresse in the same mountainous region neere to Langres coniectured from the name to haue beene build by the Vandals Neere herevnto is the head of the great riuer of the Seine BRIE IT is a coing of land betwixt the rivers Seine and Marne and the countries of Champaigne and France Special It is like to Champaigne plaine and fruitfull but more close and full of woods in regarde of their shade the shelter they yeeld seeming to haue giuen the name herevnto The townes of better note are Provins Agendicum of Caesar and Agedicum of Ptolemy a Bailliage vpon the river Yonne seated in a most healthful and pleasant country amongst other fragrant plants and flowers abounding with roses transplanted for their fairenesse into neighbouring regions and named Provins roses The country about Provins were part of the Senones before mentioned Montereau a strong towne and castle at the confluence of the rivers Seine and Yonne Chasteau-Thierry a Bailliage vpon the Marne the chiefe towne in Hault Brie Meaux Iatinum of Ptolemy and civitas Melduorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Bailliage vpon the Marne Nere herevnto is Monceaux a magnificent Palace built by the Queene-mother Katherine de Medices The country about Meaux were the Meldae of Caesar Strabo and Ptolemie the Meldi of Plinie the Meldui of Antoninus FRANCE SPECIAL HAving vpon the North Normandy and part of Picardy vpon the East Champaigne and Brie and vpon the South and West Beausse The country is plaine for the most part yet here and there distinguished with hils and woods generally very fruitfull and pleasant Gastinois excepted which part is drie barren and ill inhabited It containeth the Prevoste or County of Paris the Duchy of Valois Heurepoix Gastinois Chiefer townes are Senlis Silvanectum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Bailliage the chiefe of Valois seated in a shady and woody country The country about Senlis were the Subanecti of Ptolemie the Vlbanectes of Plinie the Silvanectes of Antoninus Forte-Meillon vpon the river Ourq Compeigne vpon the riuer Oyse an ancient seiour of the first French kings invited thorough the pleasure and commodity of hunting which the neighbouring forests and woods afford Beauvois Caesaromagus of Ptolemy and civitas Bellovacorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Pairrye vpon the river Losne The towne is faire large and well traded Le Pais Beauvoisin or the country of Beauvois were anciently but of larger extent the Bellovaci of Caesar Strabo Pliny Ptolemy and Antoninus It is now part of the greater country and more generall name of Valois S. Denys the chiefe towne in the Isle of France part of the Prevoste of Paris In the faire Abbey church hereof the French kings lie enterred Poissy vpon the Seine in the Isle of France Vpon the Seine nere vnto Poissy standeth S. German en Laye one of the royall houses of the French kings Paris Lutetia of Caesar and Strabo and Lucotecia of Ptolemie vpon the Seine the chiefe Parliament and cittie of the kingdome and the ordinarie residence of the kings of France honoured with an Episcopall sea and with an ancient famous Vniversity founded by Charles the Great whose first Professours were Alcuinus and the English Through so many advantages the citty for greatnesse populousnesse state and all kinde of magnificence chalengeth now the seconde place in Europe containing some sixe miles in compasse about the walles lying almost in a round forme and by the Seine divided into La ville which is the greatest part situated vpon the right shore of the Seine beautified chiefelie with the Louvre the royall palace and residence of the kings L' Vniversite vpon a more high and rising ground vpon the South and left shore of the riuer the part dedicated to the Muses containing some 50 Colleges and La Cite comprehending the Iland of the Seine betwixt these two the auncient Lutetia of Caesar the rest of the towne accrewing since the fixt residence here of the kings adorned chiefely with the faire magnificent Cathedrall Church of Nostre Dame and the greater Palace the seat of the Parliament and courts of Iudicature Le Parisis or the country hereof were the Parisij of Caesar and Ptolemy the Parrhisij of Pliny and Parrisij of Strabo Corbueil at the confluence of the riuers Seine and Essone Melun Melodunum of Caesar vpon the Seine the Bailliage and chiefe towne in Heurepoix Not farre off is Fountaine-belle-eau one of the roiall houses of the kings named thus from the fresh streames and springs of water amongst the which it is seated standing otherwise in a solitary and barren country forrest-like stored cheifely with woods seruing for hunting These three lye in Heurepoix Nemours the chiefe towne in Gastinois vpon the riuer Loing The towne is meane as in a barren soile Estampes also in Gastinois in the mid way betwixt Paris and Orleans BEAVSSE BOunded vpon the East with France Speciall vpon the North with Normandie vpon the West with Bretaigne vpon the South with Poictou Berry and Nivernois It is divided into the Higher Beausse containing Le Pais Chartrain Perche Maine and Aniou the Middle Beausse whose parts are Touraine the Dutchie of Vendosme the Countie Dunois and the Countries Blesien and Tonneres and the Lower Beausse containing Orleannois Lorris and Soulogne Of these Touraine is extraordinarily fruitfull pleasant and happy as is the whole tract of the Loire Aniou is more hilly yet very fruitfull and no lesse pleasant affording plentie of white wines whose hills send out almost infinite streames and riuers receaued into the Loire accounted at some 40 greater besides lesser rivulets The rest of Beausse is commonly more dry then the ordinary of France yet abounding in corne especially le Pais Chartrain Chiefer townes here are Montfort l' Amaulry a Bailliage neere vnto France Speciall Dreux vpon the riuer Eureux supposed to haue beene thus named from the ancient Druides the seat of their Parliaments or sessions for matters of
Philibert the last Prince of Aurenge of the house of Chalon slaine at the siege of Florence in the raigne of the Emperour Charles the fift deceasing without heires the inheritance hereof descended vpon Renate Earle of Nassau son to Henry Earle of Nassau and of Claude sister to Philibert in which familie it hath ever since remained It is now possessed by the illustrious prince Henry Earle of Nassau state-holder and governour of the forces of the vnited Provinces of Netherland Philip of Nassau the late Prince descended from his elder brother and Maurice deceasing without issue Avignon Avenio of Strabo Pliny and Mela Colonia Aveniorum of Ptolemy and civitas Avenicorum of Antoninus an Archbishops sea an Vniversitie vpon the Rhosne on both sides of the riuer The towne is rich faire flourishing belonging to the Popes remarkeable for 7 times 7 singularities 7 palaces 7 gates 7 parishes 7 Colleges of the Liberall Arts 7 Hospitals 7 Nunneries and 7 Convents of Friers Hither in the yeare 1303 Pope Clement the fift removed the Papall sea after 74 yeares continuance in the yeare 1377 brought backe againe to Rome by Pope Gregory the Eleaventh Cavaillon Cabellio of Plinie Cabalio of Strabo Cabelliorum Colonia of Ptolemy and civitas Cabellicorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea vpon the river Durance The country about Cavaillon Aurenge and Avignon with Grenoble in Daulphinie were the Cavares of Strabo Pliny Mela the Cavari of Ptolemie Carpentras Carpentoracte of Ptolemy and civitas Carpentoractensium of Antoninus a Bishops sea Betwixt this towne and Cavaillon lyeth the vallie and towne of Val-cluse begirt with hils and rockes whence issue out most sweet and cleare streames whither for the exceeding pleasure and still solitarinesse thereof the famous Petrarch vsed to retire when he would devote himselfe to his Philosophicall studies meditations Tarascon Tarascon of Strabo and Tarascum of Ptolemy a Bishops sea vpon the riuer Rhosne opposite to Beaucaire Vaison Vasio of Pliny and Mela and civitas Vasionensium of Antoninus The country about Vaison were the Vocontij of Strabo Plinie Ptolemie and Mela. These 4 townes lie in the country of Avignon exempt from the jurisdiction of the French kings appertaining to the Popes Arles Arelate of Pliny Mela Arelatae of Strabo Arelatum colonia of Ptolemy civitas ArelatensiuÌ„ of Antoninus then a rich colonie of the Sextani or Roman souldiers of the 6 Legion now an Archbishops sea vpon the Rhosne in a lowe and marishie situation This was sometimes the royall seat or chiefe residence of the later kings of Burgundie from hence named ordinarily in histories the kings of Arles Neere herevnto but on the other side of the riuer beginneth the deepe chanell or dreane called by Ptolemie Fossae Marianae by the French Comargue or Aigues Mortes drawne from the Rhosne vnto the Ocean by the Roman Consul C. Marius for the more easie convaiance of victualls vnto his camp during his warres in Gaule against the Teutones Aix Aquae Calidae or Sextiae of Strabo Aquae Sextiae of Plinie Ptolemie and Florus and civitas Aquensium of Antoninus a Roman Colonie the station of their 25 Legion and the Metropolis or chiefe citty of Narbonensis secunda named thus from the hot bathes thereof and from the Consul C. Sextius the conquerour of the Salyi by whom it was founded now an Archbishops sea and the Parliament chiefe citty of the Province situated vpon the riuer Rhosne Glandeves Glanum of Plinie and Ptolemie Glanon of Mela and civitos Clannatena of Antoninus seated amongst the sea coast Alpes now a Bishops sea vpon the river Goremp The country about Clandeves and of Aix Arles and Tarascon were the Salyi of Plinie and Florus the Salies of Strabo the Salvij of Livie and the Salices of Ptolemie the first people of the Gaules beyond the Alpes with whom the Romans had warre occasioned through their iniuries and difference with the neighbouring Massilians drawing on the warres and conquest of the rest of Gaule S. Gillis vpon the Comargue Apt Apta Iulia of Plinie and civitas Abtensium of Antoninus a Bishops sea vpon the riuer Colao The country hereabouts were the Vulgientes of Plinie the Abtenses of Antoninus Amongst the Mountaines betwixt this and the riuer Durance lye the little townes of Merindol and Chabrieres memorable for a bloodie massacre made of the poore inhabitants thereof murthered put to death in the raigne of Francis the first French king certaine scattered remainders of the Albigenses Ries civitas Retensium of Antoninus a Bishops sea Marseilles Massilia of Livie Caesar and Plinie a Greeke citty and colonie anciently confederate with the Romans founded by the banished Phocenses in the 45 Olympiade and raigne of Tarquin surnamed the Proud king of the Romans now a Bishops sea and a great and noted Port vpon the sea Mediterranean In the Cathedrall Church hereof they shew the supposed head of Lazarus whom Christ raised from the dead whom they accounted their first Bishop The hilly countrie hereabouts were the Albici of Caesar. Betwixt Marseilles Arles or the more Easterne branch of the Rhosne lyeth for a great space of land for sundry townes are seated within it the part of the country named La Craux by Strabo and Plinie Campus Lapideus Campi Lapidei by Mela Littus Lapideum called thus froÌ„ the innumerable multitude of stones wherewith after a strange manner it seemeth all strawed ouer The ancients as Mela relateth fained this to be the place where Hercules fought with Albion and Bergion sonnes of Neptune whom when other weapons failed his father Iupiter should relieue with a showre of stones whose remainders these should be Toulon Tauroentium of Ptolemy and Taurentium of Strabo vpon the Mediterranean a Bishops sea and a well frequented Port. Feriuls Forum Iulium of Strabo Plinie and Ptolemie Forum Iulij of Mela and civitas Foro Iuliensium of Antoninus founded by the Massilians and made afterwards a Colonie of the Romans vpon the Mediterranean a Bishops sea Antibe Antipolis of Strabo Plinie and Ptolemie and civitas Antipolitana of Antoninus a sea-coast towne vpon the Mediterranean neere vnto the riuer Varo and the borders of Italy The country hereabouts were the Deciates of Plinie and Deciatij of Ptolemie La Grace a Bishops sea within the continent S. Paul de Vençes civitas Venciensium of Antoninus a Bishops sea Senas Civitas Saniciensium and Sanicisio of Antoninus a Bishops sea Digne Dinia of Ptolemie and civitas Diniensium of Antoniâ—us a Bishops sea The country hereof were the Sentij of Ptolemy Cisteron civitas Segesterorum of Antoninus a Bishops sea and Seneschaussee foâ— part of Provence vpon the river Durance neere vnto the borders of Daulphinie The towne is very strongly fortified The country here abouts were the Segestorij of Antoninus THE PARLIAMENT OF GRENOBLE COntaining only Daulphinie DAVLPHINIE BOunded vpon the West
Auspurg a peace of Religion is established not without much rancour and iealousies still obserued vnto this day Shortly after Luther in the yeare 1519 Zwinglius a Canon of Zurich moued through the same impostures and absurdities began another reformation in Zwitzerland followed afterwards by the reverent Calvin in Geneva amending some things in the Churches hereof which the other omitted the occasion of the names and reformations of the Zwinglianists and Calvinists besides Great Britaine France Ireland and the Low-Countries where the Reformed are all of this profession spreading fast and gathering ground in this country to the no small grievance and discontent of both the other Religions There are then now fower different names of Religions here openly professed and allowed of the Romish pretended Catholiques the Zwinglianists Caluinists and Lutherans whereof the three latter consenting in the maine grounds and in opposition to the first are otherwise all called by the generall name of Protestants a name begun first amongst the Lutherans giuen vnto them vpon occasion of the Protestation of their Princes and States made against the decree of Spire enacted in the yeare 1529 praejudiciall to their cause communicated afterwards to the other two The Zwinglianists and Calvinists differ only in name whose doctrine is the same with ours They containe the Reformed amongst the Zwitzers and in High Germanie the Electour Palatine of the Rhijn the Electour and Marquesse of Brandenburg the Lantgraue of Hessen the Duke of Zweibruck the citties of Strasburg and Bremen with some other Princes and townes of inferiour ranke The Lutherans dissent from the Calvinists and Zwinglianists in the points of the Eucharist Praedestination and Freewill a cause of much vnseemely heat betwixt the sides They are the greatest number prevailing especially in the Northerne parts amongst whom of chiefer note are the Electour and Dukes of Saxonie the Dukes of Brunswijck Wirtenburg Lunenburg Lawenberg Mecklenburg and Pomeren together with the most part of the Free Citties The Papists are accounted by some to be the sixt part of the whole after others to haue beene a twelfth part Amongst these of more eminent sort are the Emperour and house of Austria but whose subiects especially in Austria and Bohemia are for their greatest number Protestants the Dukes of Lorraine Savoy and Bavaria the three Spirituall Electours with the other Bishops yet remaining The Ecclesiasticall dignities since the time of Luther are partly here yet retained by the Cleargie partly detained by Lay vsurpers Of these were sometimes reckned 6 Metropolitane or Archbishops seas 39. Bishoppricks 20 Priories and 124 Abbeyes of both sexes Their Bishops with their Archbishops follow Vnder Mentz the Bishops of Strasburg Spire Worms Wurtzburg Auspurg Constance Chur Aisâ—ett Halberstat Hildeshaim Paderborn and Ferden vnder Colen the Bishop of Munster Osenburg Minden Liege and Vtreicht in the Low Countries vnder Trier the Bishops of Metz Toul and Verdun vnder Meydburg the Primate of the kingdome the Bishops of Meissen Mersburg Naumburg Brandenburg and Havelburg vnder Saltzburg the Bishops of Regensburg Passaw Frisingen Trent Brixen Gurck Kempse Seckaw Lavenmundt and Wien and vnder Bremen the Bishops of Lubec Ratzenburg and Suerin The Bishop of Bamberg is exempt from all superiour iurisdiction saving of the Popes Hereof some 25 yet remaine The revenewes of the rest of the Bishoppricks are imployed to other vses or sacrilegiously withheld by the Laity vnder the title of Administratours the vsual preyes of the Princes vpon whom they border or in whose countries they lie the misery most raigning in the Lutheran and Northerne parts and common to the other Cleargie The names of the Abbots Priors and Abbatesses read in the Commentary of Birtius whom for brevitie sake I omit This hath beene the continuall affaire and estate of the Church and Religion Concerning the civill not well knowing by what name to call it it is an aggregate state consisting of almost infinite particulars the chiefes of all which enioy a kinde of absolute goverment in their severall districts executing iustice according to the lawes and customes of their countries with power to coyne monie lay taxes and impositions vpon the people levie Souldiers for the warre with all other rights of maiestie and privileges of Free estates yet alwaies with reference to the Generall state which they call the Empire with whose more soveraigne authority these particulars are checked in whose lawes censures and ordinances they are bound to obey and whether and to the Imperiall Court at Spire held vnder this authority appeale may be made herefrom vnlesse in causes criminall It consisteth of a Prince and the many particular states before mentioned The Prince is called Emperour of the Romans and King of Germanie the latter of which titles was begunne in Lewis the Ancient vnto whose share the province fell with this stile in the division of the French Monarchy amongst the sonnes of the Emperour Lewis the Godly The former title was added by Charles the Fat sonne to the Ancient the onely surviving male issue descended from Charles the Great in whom the dignity was restored lawfull or fit to governe the rest of the posterity hereof being then illegitimate in nonage or failing since for the greater power and swey of the Dutch nation and the quarrells and divisions amongst the French men and Italians continued herein vnto this day His right anciently and during the line of Charles the Great or of the French was haereditarie as afterward in a manner it continued during the raigne of the Saxons By Otho the third the last Prince of the house of Saxonie wanting heires it was made electiue for preuention of forreine claime as well for the Empire as the Kingdome entailed vpon the German nation as euer since it hath remained His authority now is almost onely nominall which hath hapned since and by meanes of his Election they who haue had the right to chuse by little and litle making themselues free depriuing him of all power and deriuing it vpon themselues and the rest of the subordinate states praeseding with great maiesty in the generall assemblyes or diets most sumptuously berobed adorned with the imperiall crowne and scepter and with the names of Caesar and Augustus but without the least reality answearable to so faire a shew the first and immediate command as hath beene before related lying in the particular states and that chiefe or soueraigne of the empire in the Diets without that he can doe any act of iurisdictioÌ„ more then in putting in execution the Imperiall decrees vnlesse in the particular countreys he lordeth ouer or that vpon a common interest aided by one side as not long since hapned vnder the Emperour Charles the fift he can oppresse and beare downe the other The next successour or heire apparent to the Empire is called King of the Romans designed by the Electours The particular or subordinate states are diuided into three different orders of the Princes Electours the Inferior Princes of the imperiall citties
soile fat and plentifull of all things necessary It is divided into the Higher Lausnitz which is the part confining vpon Bohemia and the Lower Lausnitz neighbouring to Brandenburg Chiefer townes in the Higher Lausnitz are Gorlitz a faire and well built towne vpon the riuer Neisse Bautzen the seat of the gouernour of the country for the Emperour and king of Bohemia vpon the Spree Zittaw bordering vpon Bohemia Lauben Lubben Gamitz These together by the inhabitants are named the Six townes confederate amongst themselues in a strict league In the Lower Lausnitz Spremberg vpon the Spree Cottbuss vpon the Spree Cottbuss and part of the Lower Lausnitz belong to the Marqueses of Brandenburg the rest to the kings of Bohemia The ancient inhabitants after Glareanus were the Semnones of Tacitus afterwards part of the Sorabi of the Sclaves Winithi FRANCONIA BOunded vpon the West with the riuer Rhijn vpon the South with the Lower Palatinate and Schwaben vpon the East with the Vpper Palatinate and Voitlandt and vpon the North with Hessen and Duringen It is hedged in on all sides with rough forrests and mountaines parts of the Old Hercynian the most noted whereof are towards Heidelberg and the Lower Palatinate Otten-waldt towards the Vpper Palatinate Steigerwaldt and the woods of Nurnberg and in Duringen and towards Hessen Duringer-waldt and Speysshartz Within it is plaine healthie and pleasant sandie in many places yet every where tolerably fruitfull well stored with corne and perfect wines It affordeth also plenty of Rapes Onions Liquorice Chiefer townes are Bomberg vpon the riuer Regnitz neere vnto the meeting thereof and the Mein a Bishops sea The country hereof yeeldeth great abundance of Liquorice Schweinfurt a towne Imperiall vpon the Mein seated in a most fruitfull soile Kitzing vpon the Mein subject to the house of Brandenburg Wurtzburg a Bishops sea vpon the Mein in a pleasant plain environed with medowes gardens and vinie downes The citty belongeth to the Bishops of Wurtzburg titularie Dukes of Franconia residing in a strong Castle situated without the towne Gemund at the meeting of the rivers Mein and the Sal. It belongeth also to the Bishops of Wurtzburg Francfurt a citty Imperiall vpon the Mein divided into two townes of Francfurt which is the greater part vpon the left shore of the river and of Saxen-hausen standing vpon the right shore both commanded by one magistrate The towne is large rich and populous famous for two great Marts the first held about Mid-lent the later towards the midst of September resorted vnto from all parts Here still the Roman Emperours are chosen Rottenburg a towne Imperiall vpon the riuer Tauber Winsheim a towne Imperiall Coburg appertaining to the Dukes of Saxonie Franconia is diuided amongst sundry Free states the townes of Franckfurt Schweinfurt Rottenburg and Winsheim the Bishops of Wurtzburg and Bamberg the Dukes of Saxonie the Marqueses of Brandenburg and the Earles of Henneberg Werthaim Hohenloe Erpach and Schwartzenburg with others HESSEN BOunded vpon the South with Franconia vpon the West with the Rhijn and part of Westphalen vpon the North with the Dukedome of Brunswijck and vpon the East with Saxony and Duringen The aire here is healthy and the soile fruitfull in corne and pasturages hilly and in many places shaded with thicke woods replenished with Deere and sundry sorts of wilde beasts The sheepe hereof yeeld a fine staple for these forraine parts The hilly parts of Catzen-Elbogen amongst other minerals afford plenty of brasse and lead Chiefer townes are Treefurt Eschewege both situated vpon the Weirra or Weser Allendorf vpon the Weser enriched with Salt-springs Fuld vpon the riuer Fuld occasioned by the great Monastery thus named founded by S. Boniface an Englishman the Apostle of the Dutch nation whose Abbot is prince of the Empire and Chauncelour of the Empresse The abby-Abby-Church of S. Sauiour hath a well furnished library consisting all of Manuscripts The Woodland country hereof is called from hence Stift Fuld and Buchen from the â—enty of Beeches it yeeldeth belonging to the Abbots Melsingen vpon the Fuld Cassel vpon the Fuld the chiefe seat of the Lantgraues Frankenburg vpon the riuer Eder Waldeck a free County vpon the Eder Frislar vpon the Eder The towne belongeth to the Bishops of Mentz Hanaw a free County vpon the riuer Bintz Martpurg the chiefe towne belonging to the Lantgraues seated amongst viny downes and wooddy mountaines vpon the riuer Lon where flourisheth a Vniuersity fonnded in the yeare 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Lantgraues haue a stately and magnificent castle mounted vpon a high hill without the towne enioying a pleasant prospect one of their chiefe places of residence Giessen Dietz vpon the Lon. Nassaw a free County of the Empire vpon the Lon. From the Earles hereof the family of Nassaw in the Low Countries are descended Cub vpon the right shore of the Rhijn a towne belonging to the Paltz-graues The greatest part of the Land of Hessen belongeth to the house of the Lantgraues The rest is subiect to the Abbot of Fuld the Earles of Solms Wiltgestein Nassaw Waldeck Hanaw and Isenbruck The ancient inhabitants were the Catti of Tacitus DVRINGEN BOunded vpon the West with the Land of Hessen and the riuer Weirra vpon the South with Franconia being diuided therefrom by the great forest Duringer-waldt vpon the North with the Higher Saxony and the wood Hartz and vpon the East with the riuer Saltza and Meisseu The country is on euery side environed with mountainous and wooddy forests Within it is plaine and extraordinarily populous and fruitfull for corne Here also groweth woad in very great abundance Chiefer townes are Gota vpon the riuer Lin. Here sometimes stood the strong castle of Grimmenstein in the raigne of the Emperour Maximilian the second the nest and receptacle of certaine seditious persons proscribed by the Emperour besieged and taken in by Augustus Electour of Saxony and in the yeare 1567 raised and pulled downe by the commaunde of the Estates of the Empire assembled in a Diet at Regenspurg Erdfurt vpon the diuided streames of the riuer Gers watring and running through the many streets thereof The cittie is large rich populous and euery way great accompted amongst the chiefest in Germany belonging sometimes to the Bishops of Mentz now gouerned in manner of a free state Here flourisheth an Vniuersity founded in the yeare 1392 and raigne of the Emperour Wenceslaus The rich country hereof yeeldeth great plenty of woad Weimar enioying a fruitfull and pleasant situation vpon the riuer Ilm the chiefe seate of the Dukes of Saxony descended from Iohn-Fredericke deposed from the Electourship by the Emperour Charles the Fift residing here in a stately and magnificent castle Iene in a deepe vally vpon the riuer Saltza and the borders of Meissen a noted Vniuersity founded in the yeare 1555 by Iohn-Fredericke and Iohn-William sonnes to the Electour
Valensium of Antoninus and S. Moritz situated vpon the Rhosne where this riuer issueth forth of the vally The Mountaines here shut so neere togither that the bridge vnder which the Rhosne passeth will admit but one arch closed with a castle and two gates vpon the bridge The whole vally is subject to the Bishop of Sitten chosen by the Canons of the Collegiate Church of Sion and the seauen resorts of the Vpper Wallis-landt with whom notwithstanding doe ioine in the Diets the Deputies of the seauen resorts creating the magistrates and officers hearing appeales and determining the publicke businesses of state The Lower Wallis-landt obeyeth the Vpper made subject by long armes and warre and commaunded by their governours The religion hereof is that of the Church of Rome THE COVNTRY OF THE GRISONS COmprehending the parts of the Alpes lying betwixt the springs of the riuers Rhijn Inn Adise and Aada confining vpon the North with the Switzers vpon the West with Palenser-tal a prefectureship and vallie belonging to the three first Cantons vpon the South with Lombardy in Italy and vpon the East with the Earledome of Tirol It is diuided into three Leagues or Cantons the vpper League the League of the house of God and the Lower league or the league of the ten Iurisdictions distinguished and named thus in regard of the confederacies as of the many communalties in the seuerall Cantons so of these one with another THE VPPER LEAGVE LYing betwixt the hill Luckmannier and the vallie Palensertal vpon the West and the League of the house of God vpon the East and containing the springs and courses of the Vorder and Hinder Rhijn vntill about their meetings neere Chur with the inter-vening mountaines and vallies of Lugnitz and Medels and beyond the mountaine der Vogel on the side towards Italy the vallies Masoxer-tal and Galancker-tal vntil beyond Rufflee It hath no citty or towne of note Chiefer places are first along the course of the Vorder Rhijn Medels giuing the name to the valley of Medels the way from Diserntis vnto Palenser-tal of the Switzers In the high road betwixt the valley of Medels and Palensertal standeth the huge mountaine Luckmannier affording only a passage in Summer Tavetch Diserntis a rich monastery Ilantz sometimes the place of the Generall Diets of the Cantons Nere herevnto the riuer Lugnitz falleth into the Rhijn giving the name to the valley of Lugnitz Along the Hinder Rhijn Retzuns neere vnto the meeting hereof the Vorder Rhijn Tusis in the road of Italy from Chur by the mountaines Vrsler and der Vogel Here the way ouer the Alpes beginneth to be exceeding troublesome and dangerous by meanes of the strait waies headlong precipices and almost continuall bridges hanging ouer the dreadfull falls and cataracts of the Rhijn Splugen a noted borough in the same road neere vnto the head of the Hinder Rhijn Here the way of Italy divideth the one part leading from hence ouer the mountains Vrsler or Splugen-bergh into the valley Gampoltschin and towards Chiavenna and the Lake of Como and the other ouer the Vogel into Masoxer-tal and to the townes of Bellizona and Locarno and the Lake Maggiore On the other side of the mountaines towards Italy S. Bernardino situated at the foot of the Vogel and the beginning of Masoxer-tal which is a valley continued South from hence toward Rufflee and Bellizona along the course of the riuer Muesa Masox sometimes an Earledome giuing now the name to the valley Masoxer-tal Rufflee further downe vpon the Muesa neerer to Bellizona and the Lake Maggiore West of Masoxer-tal betwixt this valley and Palenser-tal along the course of an obscure river falling into the Muesa about Rufflee lyeth the valley Galancker-tal inhabited by basket-makers The goverment of this Canton is popular divided into 19 resorts or Communalties 1 Of Tavetch and Diserntis 2 The Valley of Lugnitz 3 Ilantz and Grub. 4 Ober-sachs 5 Walterspurg 6 Schlawyss 7 Laax and Siniss 8 Flymiss 9 Trumbs 10 Raetzuns 11 Heintzenburg Tusis and Katz 12 Scams 13 Rhijnwald in Splugen 14 Masoxer-tal and Galancker-tal 15 Rufflee 16 Safien 17 Thennen 18 Schopina 19 and Fals governed by their seuerall Ammans chosen yearely by the suffrages of all the inhabitants of the Canton The 4. 13. 16. 17. 18. and 19. Communalties speake the Dutch language The rest a corrupt Italian THE LEAGVE OF THE HOVSE OF GOD. COntaining the midle tract of the Grisons hauing the Vpper League vpon the West and vpon the East the League of the ten Iurisdictions divided after Simlerus into 21 Communalties 1. of Chur. 2. Zizers c. 3. Furstnow 4. the Higher Sax. 5. Reambs 6. Tieffencasten 7. Grifenstein 8. Stalla 9. and Wels lying on this side of â—he Mountaines towards Germany and beyond the Mountaines towards Italy 10 Bregalien Vnderport c. 11 Zutz. 12 Sinnada 13 Postlaaf 14. Steinsperg 15 Schuls 16 Remuss 17. Munstertal 18 Mals 19 Schantzen 20 Churburg 21 and Ortestein the largest of the three Grison Cantons The more remarkable places here are Chur situated about a Dutch mile from the meetings of the Vorder and the Hinder Rhijn Curia of Antoninus now a Bishops sea and the onely citty of the Grisons subject sometimes to the Bishops at this day gouerned in manner of a free State Tintzen Tinnetio of Antoninus seated amongst inaccessible and high mountaines betwixt Chur and the Valley of Bergel Stalla called otherwise Bevio for that the way over the Mountaines doth here divide it selfe situated in a wild and desert tract Sinnada neere vnto the spring of the Inn. Zutz. Steinsperg Schuls The part of the valley of the Inn extended hither from Sinnada or from the head of that riuer is named Engadin Mals Neere herevnto on the opposite side of the same Mountaines out of the which sourceth the Inn springeth the river Adise Schantzen Churburg The part of the Valley of the Adise continued hither from Mals or from the head of that riuer is called Vinsgow Mur Murus of Antoninus in the valley of Bergel which valley is continued from the head of the river Maira along the course thereof towards Chiavenna and the meeting of the same with the river Lyra. S. Iacomo Tarvasede of Antoninus situated in the valley of Gampoltschin which valley reacheth from the mountaine Vrsler or from the head of the Lyra along the course of that river towards Cleven and the confluence thereof and the Maira Postlaaf over against the Valtolina The iurisdiction of this Canton like vnto that of the higher League resteth in all the inhabitants of the several Communalties thereof The chiefe Magistrate of the citty and Communalty of Chur is named Burger-meister The rest by the names of Amman Vogt and Potestat elected by the Commons of each resort The language of the two first Communalties is the Dutch All the other speake a corrupt Italian THE LEAGVE OF THE X IVRISDICTIONS COntaining the North-east part of the Grisons
frontiring vpon the Earledome of Tirol and divided into 10. resorts which they call iurisdictions 1. of Tafaass 2. Zum Closterlin in Prattigow 3. Ienats 4. Schiers 5. Churwalden 6. Alvenow 7. S. Peter in Schamfick 8. Langwiss 9. Malans and 10. Meienfeild the least of the Cantons It hath no towne of note Chiefer places are Tauaas an open village the chiefe towne of the League and the place of the Court and of the particular Diets of the Canton Alvenow Castels the seate of the gouernour for the princes of Austria Ienats Schiers These three lie in Prettigow which is a narrow village of some 4. Dutch miles in length extended along the course of the riuer Lanquarte named thus from the part of the Alpes vnder which it lyeth called by Mela Rhaetico-Mons now Prettigower-berg Malans Meienfeld both neighbouring to the Rhijn The eight first iurisdictions are subiect to the house of Austria gouerned by their prefects residing in Castels in the vallie of Prettigow enioying notwithstanding their seuerall customes and priuiledges which carefully they maintaine kept safe in the common Archiues hereof at Tavaas The two last obay the ioinct command of the three Cantons of the Grisons In the yeare 1436 all the ten Resorts vnited into one common League conditioning their mutuall defence against their enimies preseruation of peace maintenance of their priviledges and their loyalty and due obedience towardes their naturall Lords Besides these particular leagues all the three Cantons are linked togither in one common confederacie for this cause assembling yearely their generall Diets consisting of 63 Delegates or suffrages whereof 28 are sent from the Higher League 23 from the League of the house of God 14 from the League of the ten iurisdictions by whom are heard the Appeales from their common Prefectures and the publicke businesses of state handled and consulted of concerning warre and peace confederacies embassies new lawes to be enacted and whatsoever else might concerne the Generall Common-wealth From these notwithstanding it is lawfull to appeale vnto the the communalties of every Canton the causes being severally proposed in them and determined according to their maior part Sometimes also in matters of lesser moment thought vnworthy of the publicke Diets meete onely the chiefe magistrates of each League who are the Provinciall iudge of the Higher League the Burger-meister of Chur and the Amman of Tavaas assisted with select persons out of each Canton but who haue no full power to conclude but onely to relate what is done to their several Communalties The place of the publicke Diets is most commonly Chur in the League of the house of God sometime Ilantz in the Vpper League or Tavaas in the Canton of the Ten iurisdictions If any controversie arise betwixt the three Leagues three or fowre are chosen out of each Canton who either friendly compose the matter being freed first from their oaths to their seuerall Cantons or otherwise determine it according to equity as each one shall thinke fit If their voices be equall an vmpeere is chosen by the common suffrages of the three Leagues If the quarrell happen betwixt any two Cantons the third doth end the jarre If betwixt two Cantons and the third six delegates out of either side or if these cannot effect it an vmpeere chosen by the voices of all the three Cantons If Betwixt 2 Communalties of the same Canton the next Communalty If betwixt Communalties of diverse Cantons iudges appointed by the generall Delegates of all the three If lastly betwixt particular persons or Communalties and the Cantons two or three iudges out of each Canton THE ITALIAN PRAEFECTVRE-SHIPS THese lie amongst the Alpes of Italie accompted part of that Province belonging sometimes to the Dukes of Milan and Earles of Masox and since by gift purchase and armes added to the Confederacie hereof They containe the townes and goverments of Locarno Lugano Bellizona Plurs Chiavenna the Vally of Magia Liviner-tal Palenser-tal and Valtolina 1. LOCARNO THe towne is seated in a pleasant and fruitful plaine betwixt high Mountaines and the head of the Lake Maggiore at what place the riuer Magia is received hereinto It containeth 400 housholds or families In the district or country hereof are numbred some 20 Parishes 2. 3. LVGANO AND MENDRISIO THose two townes lie vpon the Lake Lugano almost in the middle way betwixt the Lakes of Como and Maggiore They are severall prefectureships The country of Lugano exceedeth in bignesse that of Locarno whose governour is called captaine is the Lieutenant of the fowre Prefectureships belonging to the 12 Cantons of the Switzers in chances of warre insurrections and dangers which may arise in the province commaunding over all the other prefects and officers 4. THE VALLY OF MAGIA IT is a bottome of the Alpes Lepontiae continued along the course of the riuer Magia whereof it is named from the Mountaines of Wallis-landt towards Locarno and the Lake Maggiore It was sometimes vnited in the same goverment or country with Locarno now made a distinct prefectureship 5. LIVINER-TAL IT is a vally of the same Alpes whereof it yet retaineth the name It is extended along the course of the river Tesino from the mountaine S. Gothard towardes Belinzana and betwixt the vallyes of Magia and Palenser-tal 6. PALENSER-TAL IT is also a bottome of the same Alpes called otherwise Val Breunia by the Italians It lyeth betwixt Liviner-tal and Galancker-tal along the course of an obscure riuer falling into the Tesino short of Belinzana Betwixt the head of this vally and that of Medels of the Grisons ariseth the great mountaine Luckmannier out of which sourceth the neerer spring of the Rhijn named by the Dutch the Vorder Rhijn 7. 8. BELINZANA AND RIVIERA THe former is a towne situated vpon the Tesino a little below the confluence thereof and the riuer Muesa Herevnto belonged sometimes Palenser-tal and Riuiera now distinct prefectureships All three were once part of the Earledome of Masox and of the Misauci of Plinie part of the Lepontij These 8 prefectureships appertaine vnto the Switzers whereof the fowre first are subject to the 12 first Cantons Liviner-tal onely to the Canton of Vren and Palenser-tal Belinzana and Riviera to the three first Cantons of Vren Switz and Vnderwalden commaunded by their several governours and officers 1. PLVRS THis is a great borough seated in a plaine vnder the Alpes vpon the river Maira betwixt the vally Bregalien and Chiavenna the chiefe of sundry villages lying in the same bottome subiect to the prefect hereof 2. CHIAVENNA THe towne and name is ancient called Clavena by Antoninus in his Itinerarium It standeth in a pleasant vally vpon the river Maira some 10 Italian miles aboue the Lake of Como The country or vally hereof extended along the Maira towards the Lake is named from hence by the Dutch Clevener-tal or the vally of Cleuen 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. VALTOLINA IT is a
the Easterne nations otherwise lasie and idle more addicted vnto warres then to trades and manuall occupations poore through their sloath and the oppression of their Lords the Turkes and German Emperours Their language is a kinde of Sclavonian differing from the Poles In the parts neighbouring vnto Germany the Dutch likewise is spoken Their Religion is the Romish Catholicke and that of the Reformed Churches for both are tolerated The reformed lesse prevaileth in the countries subject to the Turkes through a iealousie of that nation forbidding all new opinions quarrells and disputes of faith which might cause innouations troubles of the State This was sometimes a flourishing and great kingdome the bulwarke of Christendome against the Infidells After long warres sundry victories and braue resistance it is now for the greatest part enthralled to the Turke The rest containing some third part obeyeth the German Emperours of the house of Austria now kings for what is left of Hungarie descended from Anne sister to Lewis the second the last natiue Prince slaine by Soliman at the battle of Mohacz It is divided by the Danow into the vpper Hungary lying North of the riuer and the Lower Hungary lying towards the South containing together before the Turkish subiection 50 juridicall resorts which they called counties 24. betwixt the Tissa Danow and Germany 8. East of the Tissa in the same diuision 12. betwixt the Danow the Dra and 6 betwixt the Danow and the Saw towards Greichs-Weissenburg The parts vnder the Turkes are gouerned by their Bassaes and other names of Magistrates after the custome of that Empire Chiefer townes in the vpper Hungary are Presburg enioying a pleasant and healthfull situation vpon the left shore of the Danow neere to vinie mountaines and the confines of Oosten-reich defended with a strong castle mounted vpon a hill the chiefe towne subiect to the German Emperours Vaccia vpon the Danow a Bishops sea Pest vpon the Danow opposite to Buda Colocza vpon the Danow an Archbishops sea Bath vpon the same shore of the Danow North of the riuer Segedin vpon the right shore of the river Tissa Agria a Bishops sea Newsol a strong towne vpon the riuer Gran. Nitri a Bishops sea vpon the river Boch Transchin vpon the riuer Wag. Tirnau East of the Tissa Debreczen Temeswar vpon the riuer Temez Varadin Beyond the Danow in the Lower Hungary Belgrade or Greichs-Weissenburg Taururum of Ptolemie a strong towne of warre hemmed in vpon the East with the Danow and vpon the South with the Saw where it is emptied hereinto defended on the other sides with strong walls deepeditches sometimes the gate and entrance into Hungary and the fortresse of the kingdome against the Infidells surprised by Soliman Emperour of the Turkes Buda or Ofen Curta of Ptolemie vneuenly seated vpon the right shore of the Danow a faire and strong towne the seat of the principall Bassa of the Turkes and the chiefe citty of the kingdome Here are bathes and springs of hot waters Gran vpon the same shore of the Danow opposite to the fall or mouth of the riuer Gran out of the higher Hungary from whence it hath beene thus named a strong towne of warre and an Archbishops sea the Primate hereof Comora vpon the Danow in an Iland Rab a Bishops sea and a strong towne of warre vpon the right shore and confluence of the Danow and the Rab naming the towne and distinguishing anciently the Higher and the Lower Pannonies Betwixt the Danow and the Dra Stul-Weissenburg strongly but vnwholsomely seated in the midst of a great Lake or inaccessable marish ioyned to the firme land with three high and broad causies built with houses and blocked vp at their ends with great Bulwarks garded in time of warre and defending these suburbs Here the kings of Hungary were crowned as likewise enterred Betwixt this and the Dra lyeth the great lake Balaton containing 24 Italian miles in length Zigeth a strong towne standing in a marish vpon the North side of the river Dra famous for the death of Soliman the mighty Emperour of the Turkes during his siege hereof Fiefkirken vpon the Dra so named from such a number of Churches a Bishops sea Vnto the crowne of Hungary belonged sometimes as they doe partly at this day the countries of Transylvania Walachia Rascia Servia Bosna Windischlandt Croatia and Dalmatia gouerned by the deputies of the kings hereof or held by their princes vnder their tribute and soveraigne right The fowre first since lying wholy within the ancient Dacia and Maesia pertaine not to this division The descriptions of the other remaine after that first brieflie I haue related the ancient estates of Illyricum whereof they were sometimes partes togither with the many changes and successions of people and Lords commaunding herein vnto this present occasioning the present estate and names ILLYRICVM THE name hereof Solinus fabulously deriveth from Illyrius son to the one-ey'd monster Polyphaemus and Galataea commanding sometimes the country The bounds are diversly set downe by ancient authours Florus and Plinie continue the name along the coast of the sea Adriaticke betwixt the rivers Arsia and Titius or the countries Histria and Dalmatia Ptolemie including Dalmatia enlargeth the accompt hereof vnto the riuer Drilon and borders of Macedonia confining vpon the other sides with Histria the two Pannonyes and the Higher Mysia Strabo extendeth it along the sea-coast towards Greece and the South-East vnto the mountaines Ceraunij inwards towards the North and West vnto the riuer Danow and the Lake of the Rhaetians or Acronius besides the parts before mentioned comprehending Rhaetia Noricum Pannonye Histria and Dardania with the part of Macedonia where lay the townes of Dyrrachium Apollonia and Oricum Vnto these of Strabo wee finde added in Appian the Tribali and Mysij reaching Eastwards along the course of the Danow vnto the sea Euxinus now Maggiore The Emperour Constantine the Great hauing diuided the Romane Empire into 4 supreme iurisdictions or gouerments vnder the Praetorio praefecti of Italy Gaule Asia and Illyricum we read afterwards by this occasion all the parts of Europe subiect to that Empire and lying East of Gaule and Italie Thrace onely and the Lower Maesia excepted to haue beene contained vnder the generall name hereof called thus after the title or name of the chiefe prefect or province of the division Sextus Rufus liuing in the time of the Emperour Honorius reckoneth 17 provinces of Illyricus or Illyricum two of Noricum two of Pannonia Valeria Savia Dalmatia Maesia two of Dacia Macedonia Thessalia Achaia two of Epirus Prevalis and Crete Iornandes nameth 18 prouinces two of Noricum two of Pannonia two of Valeria Suevia Dalmatia the Higher Maesia Dardania two of Dacia Macedonye Thessalye Epirus Crete Praevalis and Achaia The authour of the Notitia with some difference nameth likewise 18 provinces but accompteth only 17 in the grosse six of Macedonye which were Achaia Macedonia