amiable and beautifull and attired in most comely fashion Wales VVAles is bounded on all sides with the Sea except on the East where it is separated from England by the River Dee and a line drawn to the River Wie Division This Countrey is divided into 13 Shires wherein are some fair Cities but divers great Towns The chief Cities are 1. Caerdiff where there is a commodious Haven 2. Caermaden where Merlin was born begot by an Incubus whom the common People took to be a most famous Prophet 3. Caernarvan a walled City and hath a fair Castle built by Edward the First wherein his Son Edward the Second was born Here in the County of Pembroke is Milford-Haven than which Europe hath not a more noble or more safe or more large with many Creeks and safe Roads Fertility The Soyl of this Countrey especially that which joyneth toward the Sea is most fertil both for Man and Beast but for the major part it is more barren and less fruitfull Natures of the People The Men are of a faithfull carriage one especially towards another in a strange Countrey and to Strangers in their own They are of a temper much inclining to Choler being quickly moved and soon appeased being of all angers the best and noblest Scotland SCotland is the Northern part of Great Brittain and separated from England by the River Tweede and Solway and the Hills extending from the one to the other It is in length 480 miles but of small breadth no place being distant from the Sea above 60 miles Division This Countrey is divided into 25 Shires the Cities and Towns whereof are neither fair nor many the chief of those that are are 1. Edenburgh once the Seat of the Kings of Scotland and the place wherein the Seat and Courts of Justice were held It is seated in a fruitfull Soyl and wholesome Air having many Noblemens Houses lying about it and abounds with many Springs and sweet Waters The Buildings are of unpolished Stone but the Galleries of Timber built upon the fronts of the Houses do rather obscure than adorn them The City consists especially of one broad and fâ—ir Street which is in length from East to West about a mile and is the sole ornament thereof the rest of the Streets and Allies being of very poor Building and inhabited with very poor People At the end towards the East is the Kings Palace joyning to the Monastery of the Holy Cross and at the other end towards the West is a Castle which the Scots hold to be inexpugnable 2. Leith is about a mile distant and is a most commodious Haven upon the narrow Scottish Gulf vulgarly called Edenburgh-Frith 3. S. Andrews seated in Fife and well known as an University and Seat of an Archbishop and Metropolitan of all Scotland 4. Glascow the Seat of an Archbishop and a little University 5. Striveling also is a little City where the King hath a strong Castle upon the brow of a steep Rock In general their Towns and Cities for number building or pleasantness are not comparable to those in England neither are their Gentlemens or Noblemens Houses so frequent or so stately built as the better sort of the English For their Villages they are of Clay covered with Straw being much more frequent than in England yet not so commodious within Among the Kings Palaces that of Edenburgh and Sterling for building and Fawlkland for pleasure of hunting are chief Fertility On the West-side of this Countrey are many Woods Mountains and Lakes on the East-side toward the Sea it is fruitfull in Corn especially in Barley and Oats It abounds in Fish and hath plenty of Cattel yet not so big as ours their Horses are little but full of spirit and patient of labour Natures of the People The People in general are much given to Venery those that inhabit the South are the best and civillest and speak the English Language but those in the Northern part are savage and uncivil termed Silvesters About Scotland in the Irish Ocean are above 40 Islands termed Merania and Hebrides the biggest of these in length exceeds not 30 miles and in breadth not above 12 the chief whereof is Pomonia well known by the Episcopal Seat and yielding both Tin and Lead Thus much of Great Brittain Ireland THis famous Island in the Virginian Sea is by the English at this day called Ireland and by the Irish Bardes at this day Banno It standeth between the Greater Brittain and Spain being dis-joynâ—d on the East from England by a tempestuous Sea termed Hiberniam not above one dayes sayling upon the West beateth the vast Ocean upon the North it hath an Island disjoyn'd no further than a Ship may sail in one day and on the South it beholdeth Spain not distant above three dayes sayling Division It contains in length 400 and in breadth 200 miles and is divided into five parts viz. Mounster which is sub-divided into six Counties Lemster divided into ten Counties Meath divided into two Counties Connaght divided into four Counties and Vlster divided into ten Counties The chief Cities of this Countrey are 1. Dublin standing within the Province of Lemster and in the County Dublin it is by the English called Divelin It is the chief City of this Countrey and Seat of justice fairly built and frequently inhabited and adorned with a strong Castle 15 Churches an Episcopal Seat and a fair Colledge and indowed with many Priviledges The Houses of this City as also of the City Waterford are for the most part of timber clay and Plaister yet are the Streets beautifull and the Houses commodious within 2. Armach it is the Seat of an Archbishop and the Metropolitan City of the whole Island 3. Tredagh a fair and well inhabited Town The fourth City is Corke consisting almost of one long Street but well known and frequented The Houses of this City as of Galloway and Limrick two other Cities are of unwrought free-Stone or Flint or unpolished Stones built some two Stories high and covered with Tiles Natures of the People The People of this Countrey are generally strong and nimble of Body haughty of heart careless of their lives patient of cold and hunger implacable in enmity constant in love light of belief and greedy of glory In a word if they be bad you shall hardly find worse and if good you shall no where find better Fertility The Soyl in general is sufficiently fruitfull but through the idleness of the Inhabitants it is made barren Amongst other rarieties of this Island this is one that it breedeth no venemous thing neither will any brought from other Regions live here Thus much of Ireland The lesser Islands are Orcades Sorlings Hebrides Sporades The Orcades THese Isles are in number 32 and are situate against the most Northern part of Scotland Pomonia the chief of which is Pomonia whose prime Town is Kirkwall honoured with a Bishops Seat and
Malchaw 2. Sternberg 3. Wismar 4. Rostock an University Brunswick Lunebourg Brunswick Lunebourg these two Dukedomes are bounded on the East with Brandenburg West with Westphalen North with Denmark and South with Saxony and Hassia The chief Cities are 1. Brunswick It is a free City of the Empire strongly fortified and not any way subject to the Emperour 2. Wolfehaiten where the Duke keeps his Court 3. Halberstad a Bishops See 4. Lunebourg 5. Cella the Seat of the Duke of Lunebourg Hassia Hassia this Lantgravedom is invironed on the East with Saxony South with Franconia and West and North with Westphalen The chief Towns are 1. Dormstad the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Lantgraves 2. Marpurg an University and the Seat of the second House of the Lantgraves 3. Dryes 4. Frankenburg and 5. Cassels three Towns belonging to the elder House of the Lantgraves whereof Cassels is chief as being the Seat of their residence This City is seated in a fruitfull Countrey and is well fortified with strong earthen Walls and deep Ditches yet are the Houses of no great beauty being composed for the most part of Wood Thatch and Clay Unto this Province belongeth the County of Waldeck and Corbach East-Friezeland East-Friezeland hath on the West the Ems East the Weser South Westphalia and North the Sea The chief Towns are 1. Emden This City lyes in the utmost borders of the Empire and is only divided by the River Ems from the United Province of the Netherland This City is fairly built of Brick and is almost of a round form It is an Earldom of it self 2. Oldenburg which hath an Earl of its own Westphalia Westphalia is bounded on the East with Brunswick West with Belgium North with the Sea and South with Hassia The Northern part of this Countrey is called Bremen from the chief City Brem the Bishop whereof is Lord of this Tract The next part belongeth to the Duke of Saxony The chief Cities of which are Clappenburg Exenberg and Alsdrop The other parts belong to the Bishopricks of Cullen Munster and Triers 1. The Bishoprick of Cullen containeth a great part of Westphalia The chief City is 1. Collen the Archbishop whereof is said to be the second special Elector of the Empire and Chancellour of Italy 2. Ernace or Andernach 3. Lints 4. Bonna where the Bishop hath a Palace esteemed to be one of the fairest Houses of Germany The chief Towns under the Bishop of Munster are 1. Warendorp 2 Munster seated on the Ems. The chief Towns belonging to the Bishop of Triers are 1. Bopport seated on the Moselle 2 Engers 3. Coblents 4. Triers This is the Seat of the Chancellour of France and third spiritual Elector it is built on the Moselle Cleveland Cleveland this Dutchy containeth Cleve Gulick Berge The Dutchy of Cleve conjoyneth to Guelderland The chief Cities are 1. Cleve 2. Calker 3. Wesel 4. Emmerick 2. The Dutchy of Gulick The chief Cities are Aken where the Emperour after his election is invested with a silver Crown The Dutchy of Berge or Monte is in compass 130 miles The chief Towns are 1. Duseldorp 2. Hattingen and 3. Arusberg Veteravia Veteravia On the South-West of Hassia is the Countrey of Veteravia or Weteraw containing among others the County of Nassaw Hannaw and the free City of Friberg situate in the midst of most pleasant and delicious Corn-Fields The City Hannaw is distant from Francford and Moenum ten miles and is a County of it self The next Town of note to it is Windeck As for the County of Nassaw it hath in it many prime Towns as 1. Dillinbourg the principal 2. Nassaw 3. Catzenelbogen an Earldom of it self and 4. Hebron Thus much of Germany Denmark DEnmark hath on the East Mare Balticum on the West the German Ocean on the North Sweden and on the South Germany Situation It is situate near the Artick Circle and therefore must needs be subject to great cold howsoever the misty Air caused by the frequent Isles doth in some sort mitigate the extremity thereof Fertility The Soyl of the Countrey is rather fit for pasture than herbage for in regard of the Clime it cannot be expected that Fruits should grow here which are only ripened by the heat of the Sun They have Corn sufficient and likewise feed such a multitude of Oxen that 50000 are said to be sent hence yearly into Germany Commodity Their other Commodities are Fish Tallow Furniture for Shipping Armors Ox-Hides Buck-skins Wainscot Firwood Filbeards and the like Natures of the People The People are naturally good Souldiers both by Sea and Land fitter for the Sea than the Field The Magistrate is wise rather by experience than study the old Man covetous the young Man thrifty and the Merchant ambitious The Women are of the same conditions as the Women of Belgium Diet. Their Diet is much like the Germans and their Neighbours the Saxons Their dainties are Bacon and salt-Meats but the common people feed most on dryed Fishes It containeth the Cimbrick Chersoness the Islands of the Baltick and part of Scandia The Cimbrick Chersoness THis Chersoness hath on the South-West the Albis on the South-East the River Trave on the South a little piece of Germany and on all other parts the Sea It is in length 120 miles and in breadth 80 and containeth 28 Cities 4 Bishops Sees and 20 royal Castles or Palaces It is divided into the Provinces of Holsatia Dithmars Slesia and Juitland Holsatia Holsatia is the most Southern Province of Denmark towards Germany having on the North Slesia and on the other sides the Sea The chief Towns are Niemunster and Bramstede Upon the Confines of Holst lye the fair Imperial Cities of Lubeck and Hamburg Dithmars Dithmars taketh up the West-side of this Chersonesus The principal Towns of it are Marnes and Meldorp Slesia Slesia hath on the North Juitland and South Holst The chief Towns are Sleswick Goterpe and Londen an Haven-Town situate upon the River Ender Juitland Juitland is the most Northern part of this Chersoness The chief Towns of it are Rincopen Nicopen Halne and Arhausen The Baltick Islands The Baltick Islands are in number 35 and are so called because they lye dispersed in the Baltick Sea Of these four are of more especial note viz. Seeland Fionia Bornholme and Finera 1. Seeland is in length 64 miles and in breadth 52. It containeth 7 strong Castles belonging to the King and about 13 Cities The chief is Haffen or Hafnia call'd by the Germans Copenhagen It is the Kings Seat yet of no great beauty It is of a round form and the Houses are of Timber and Clay It hath a fair Market-place and is reasonable well fortified The Castle of the King is built of free-Stone in a Quadrangle 2. Helsinura standing on the Sea-side At this Town the Mariners which are to pass the Sound use to pay
their Custome 3. Roschilt the Sepulchres of the Danish Princes it is not walled yet hath it the title of a City 2. Fionia contains in it 8 Towns the principal whereof are Ottonium or Osel and Sweinbourgh 3. Bornholmia is situate on the Baltick Sea not far from Gothland The chief City is called Bornholm 4. Finera is that Island in which Tychobrahe that famous Mathematician built an artificial Tower wherein are many rare Mathematical Instruments The chief Town is Petersborne Scandia Scandia is invironed with the Seas save where it is joyned to Moscovy It lyeth part on this side part beyond the Artick Circle so that the longest day in the more Northern part is about three moneths It contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norwey and Swedeland That part which belongeth to Denmark is situate on the South of this Peninsula and is divided into three Provinces viz. Hallandia Scania and Blescida 1. Hallandia hath on the North Swedeland and South Scania The chief Town is Halaenego 2 Scania hath on the South Hallandia on all other parts the Sea It is in length 72 miles and 48 in breadâ—h and is the pleasantest Countrey in all Denmark most abundant in Fruits and most rich in Merchandize The chief Towns are 1. Londen a great Haven-Town 2. Elbogen 3. Falskerbode Here is Elsimbourg one of the Keyes which openeth into the Sound 3. Blescida hath on the North Swedeland It is a mountainous and barren Countrey The chief Towns are 1. Malmogia 2. Colmar a strong Fortress against the Swedelander Norwey NOrwey on the East respecteth Denmark on the West it is bounded with the Ocean on the South lyeth Suevia and on the North it is separated from Lapland Fertility The Land of it self is not sufficiently fruitfull and toward the North yieldeth no sort of Corn therefore the Inhabitants instead of Bread eat dryed Fish called by us Stock-Fish which is transported through Europe in exchange of Corn. Commodity The Countrey especially the Southern part transports rich Furrs Tallow Butter Tann'd-Leather Train-Oyl Pitch Clap-boards all sorts of Timber-Works and Masts Firr-wood and that with great ease and little charge Natures of the people Their Buildings are base and poor the Inhabitants honest lovers of Strangers liberal of gift and most serviceable Amongst them are neither â—ilchers Thieves nor Pirats Their chief Towns are 1. Nidrosia the See of an Archbishop who is Metropolitan of Norwey 2. Bergen one of the four ancient Mart Towns of Europe 3. Ansloyn a Bishops See Thus much of Denmark and Norwey Swedeland Swedeland is bounded on the East with Moscovy on the West with the Dofrine Hills on the North with the frozen Seas and on the South with the Baltick Seas This Countrey alone without the adjacent provinces of Lappia Scricfinia and Biarmia is little less than Italy and France joyned together and with the additions of the said Nations is bigger by a tract of 900 miles Fertility The Soyl is so fertil that to see a Beggar is a difficult matter and the Air is so healthfull that it is ordinary to see Men of an 130 or 140 years of age Commodity It aboundeth with Mines of Lead Copper and Silver which are transported into other Nations together with Hides of Bucks Goats and Oxen Tallow Tare Barley Malt. Natures of the people The People participate much in nature with the Norweians hospitable and valiant as they It containeth the Provinces of Lapland Finland Gothland and Sweden Lappia Lappia is the most Northern part of all Scandia and is divided into the Eastern containing Biarmia and Corelia which belongeth unto the Duke of Russia and the Eastern comprehending Lappia and Scricfinia which are under the King of Sweden These two Provinces use to give worship and divine honour to that living creature what ere it be which they see at their first going out of their doors in the morning and are so poor that they pay unto the King of Sweden for tribute rich Skins and Furrs Finland Finland is situate between the Baltick Sea and the Finland Bay The chief Towns are 1. Abo a Bishops Seat 2. Narve a place of great strength Rangina and Augo both famous Mart-Towns Vames Viburg and Casteholme places of good strength Gothland Gothland is the best and richest Province of the North. It is divided into Island and Continent the Island is seated in the Baltick Seas being in length 18 miles and 5 in breadth The Continent of Gothia is the hithermost part of Scandia next to Denmark The chief Cities are 1. Stockholme seated after the manner of Venice 2. Lodufia a Town of great traffick 3. Waldbourge a well fortified piece and 4. Colmar famous for its impregnable Castle Sweden Sweden is situate on the South of Gothland The Countrey is very fruitfull and delicious unless in some places where the cragginess of the Mountains maketh it more barren and less pleasant The chief Cities of it are 1. Vpsal a famous Bishoprick 2. Nicopia a Sea-Town of good strength 3. Copperdell famous for its abundance of Brass There is also Finmach bordering on the Northern Ocean whose Inhabitants be Witches and Idolaters they use to sell windes to Merchants to carry their Ship to any Port. Bodia is also under his Dominion whose chief Town is Helsinga honoured with the title of a Dukedom Thus much of Sweden Moscovy MOscovy is bounded on the East with Tartary on the West with Lyvonia Lituania and part of Sweden on the North with the Frozen Ocean and on the South with Mare Caspium the Turks and Palus maeotis This Countrey containeth in length from East to West 3300 miles and in breadth 3065 miles Situation It is situate partly in Europe partly in Asia which separation is caused by the River of Tanais bounder of Asia and running through the middle of the Countrey The People are for the most part of a square proportion broad short and thick gray-ey'd and broâ—d-beâ—rded the Commons live in miserable subjection to the Nobles and they again in as great slavery to the Duke or Emperour Natures of the people They are persidious unnatural and malicious altogether unlearned even the Priests themselves are meanly indoctrinated it being cautionated by the great Duke that there be no Schools lest there should be any Scholars besides himself The Women are private fearfull to offend but once lascivious intolerably wanton It is the fashion of those Women to love that Husband best which beateth them most and to think themselves neither loved nor regarded unless they be soundly swadled two or three times a day Cities The chief City of this Kingdome is Mosco where both the Emperour and Patriarch resideth Roscovia and Novogrod are the Seats of Archbishops the latter of these two containeth about 20000 Housholds and was one of the four ancient Mart-Towns of Europe Vologda Smolensko and Plescovia the only walled Town in Muscovy Mosayco St. Nicholas Sugana Vstium
seem to be of great antiquity 2. Alexandria 3. Cremona The form of this City is like unto a Cardinal's Hat with broad brims seated in a plain Within this City is a Tower built of Brick which requires 492 stairs in the Ascent 4. Millain This City is of a round form and hath 9 Gates the Building shews antiquity and the Houses are of Brick and low built excepting some stately Palaces The Streets are broad and the Pavement of Brick raised in the midst with broad stones In this City is thought to be inhabited 200000 souls of the best Artizans in Italy The Dukedom of Mantua THe Dukedom of Mantua hath on the East Romagna West Millain North Trevigiana and South Parma and Placentia The chief Cities are 1. Mirabella 2. Modena 3. Lucera and 4. Mantua a very strong Town being invironed on three sides with a Water being a quarter of a mile broad The form of this City is round save that the foresaid Lake on the North and East-sides enters into the City in form of a half Moon The Buildings are partly of Brick and partly of free-stone and the Streets are large and clean In the midst of this City is a large Market-place wherein the Jewes have there and sell all manner of Wares for all traffick is in their hands growing rich by the poverty of the Citizens It is unlawfull to wear a sword without licence of the Magistrate either at Millain Cremona or Mantua or almost in any other City of Italy only at Venice and Padua and the Cities of that State strangers may wear swords and only the wearing of Pistols or short Guns is forbidden The Dukedom of Vrbin THe Dukedom of Vrbin lyeth in the midst of the Papal Territories having on the North the Adriatick on the South the Apenine on the West Romagna on the East Marca Aconitana The length of it is 60 the breadth 35 miles Here are in this Dukedom 200 Castles and 7 Towns the chief of the seven being Vrbin seated on the bottom of the Apenine and built in the fashion of a Miter 2. Pisauro a good Haven 3. Belforto seated in the Mid-land The chief of the Castles are the Rock of St. Leo and Marivola The Principality of Parma THis Principate hath on the North Mantua and on the South the Apenine on the West Millain and on the East the Countrey of Modena The City of Parma is seated on the River Pirnia Placentia is seated on the Po. To this Principate belongeth Mirandula with her territories The State of Genoa THe State of Genoa was once very great but now they have nothing left but Liguria and Corsica Liguria hath on the East the River Varus West the River Magra by which it is parted from Tuscany North the Apenine and South the Ligurian or Tyrhene Seas The chief Towns are 1. Noli 2. Sarazena 3. Savona And 4. Genoa This City is seated upon the sides of Mountains declining from the highest Mountain on the West-side toward the East and to the Sea-side On the South side is the outward Haven in form of an half Moon upon the horn thereof towards the East lyes the Sea-bank called Lamola about 600 paces long which keepeth off the waves of the Sea that beat upon the City On the East-side and in the midst of this Bank is a Fort built to defend the Navy The whole circuit of this City is said to be 8 miles The streets are narrow but the Palaces are stately built of Marble and the Houses of free-stone 5 or 6 stories high and the Windows are glazed which is rare in Italy the streets are paved with flint and the Houses of the suburbs are almost as fair as within the City The State of Lucca THe State of Lucca is situate in Tuscany and comprehendeth the Territory and Town of Lucca This Town is seated in a plain and strongly fortified and compassed with Mountains on all sides but some what distant and only lyes open on the Sea-side towards Pistoia being 3 miles in compass The streets are narrow and paved with broad free-stone most easie to be walked on The Palaces of the chief Gentlemen are built of free-stone but with a low roof after the Italian fashion and they have many pleasant Gardens within the Walls Within this City no Man may wear any weapon no not a Knife except the point be blunt Thus much of Italy Netherland ON the North-west of Italy lyeth Germany which is divided into the higher and the lower this latter is called Netherland It is bounded on the East with Ems and part of Germany on the West with the German Sea on the North with East Friezeland and on the South with the Some Champaigne and Lorrain The situation The Air of this Countrey is very intemperate the winter-cold being excessive and the summers-heat far exceeding the ordinary heat of that Clime Natures of the people The Men for the most part are well proportioned much given to our English Beer being excessive in their drinking so that you shall hardly find a Dutch-man sober in an afternoon The Women generally are of a good complexion well proportioned especially in their leg and foot honourers of virtue active and familiar both within doors and without they govern all Diet. In their Diet Butter is the first and last dish at the table whereof they make all sauces as well your Men as Women passing from City to City to trade carry with them Cheese and Boxes of Butter for their food They use no Spits here but see the little pieces of flesh with Roots and Gobbets of fat mingled without any curiosity or else bake them in earthen Pipkins Fertility They have abundance of Butter Cheese and Roots for Corn they have not sufficient for their own use yet by traffick at Dantzick they furnish themselves and many other Nations therewith They have little plenty of River fish but Sea fishes salted and dryed they make great traffick therewith There is great abundance of Sea-fowl and they want not Land-fowl Commodity The Commodities in which they most abound are Tapistries Sayes Searges Worsteds Frigadoes and divers sorts of linnen Cloth with abundance of other small trifles This Countrey is divided into seventeen Provinces viz. Into 4 Dukedoms 1. Limburg 2. Luxenburg 3. Gelderland 4. Brabant 1 Marquisate Of the Holy Empire 7 Earldoms 1. Flanders 2. Artoys 3. Hainault 4. Namurre 5. Zutphen 6. Holland 7. Zealand 5 Baronies 1. West-Friezl 2. Vtretch 3. Overysell 4. Machlyn 5. Groyning Limburg THe Dukedom of Limburg hath Mastrich for the chief City and the Bishoprick of Leige pertains to it wherein the City of Leige is the Bishops Seat This City is seated on the Meuse The Buildings of this Town are very fair especially the Monasteries and Abbeys This Bishoprick comprehends in it 24 walled Towns and 1800 Villages Also the Eastern part which is properly call'd the Dukedom of Limburg contains in it 5 Towns and 23 Villages The chief
Gargapolia are Bishopricks The Soyl and Climate The Soyl of this Countrey is of a slight sandy mould yet very much different one place from another for such things as grow out of the earth Northwards towards the parts of St. Nicholas and Chola and North-Eastward towards Siberia it is barren and full of desart Woods by reason of the Climate and extremity of cold So likewise along the River Volga betwixt the Countreys of Casan and Astrachan notwithstanding the Soyl be fruitfull it is ill inhabited saving that upon the West-side the Emperour hath some few Castles and Garrisons in them From Vologda that lyeth almost 1700 versts from the Port of St. Nicholas down towards Mosco and so towards the South-part that border on the Crim containing the like space of 1700 versts it is a very pleasant and fruitfull Countrey yielding pasture and Corn with Wood and Water in great store and plenty The like is between Rezan lying South-East from Mosco to Novogrode and Vobsco that reacheth farthest towards the North-West So betwixt Mosco and Smolensko that lyeth South-West towards Lituania is a very fruitfull and pleasant Soyl. For the most part it is covered with Woods and Lakes Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees of the world an unspeakable deal of Rozin distilleth from them Here is the never-wasting Fountain of Wax and Honey for without the industry of Man the Bees make their Hives in the barks and hollows of trees Here is also plenty of Cattel and wilde Beasts as Bears Mastins Wolves and black Foxes whose skins do bear high prices Riches and Commodities The native Commodities are Furrs Wax Honey Tallow Hides Train-Oyl Cavear Hemp Flax Tar Slad Salt-peter Brimstone and Iron These Wares they barter for Cloth and divers other Commodities which the Armenians bring to Astrachan by the Caspian Sea and the English to St. Nicholas by the Bay of Graduicam They will not suffer any Stranger to enter into their Countrey further than the necessity of venting their Commodities and taking in of forreign doth inforce them Government This Government is more tyrannical than any other Prince in the world for he is absolute Lord and disposer both of the bodies and goods of his Subjects In matter of Ceremony they follow the Greek Church The Priests marry and maintain adoration of Images fast and compell to Confession Thus much of Moscovy Poland POland is limited on the East with Boristhenes which parteth it from Moscovy on the West with Vistula which parteth it from Germany on the North with the Baltick Sea and Sinus Finnicus and on the South with Hungary Sitâ—ation In general Poland is subject to as great cold as the lower part of Germany lying under the same parallel and the Countreys as they lye more Northerly so they suffer more cold They use stones heated with earthen Ovens for remedy against the cold as the Germans do Fertility Poland aboundeth with Beasts as well wilde as tame and yieldeth excellent Horses not great but quick and stirring neither do the Gentlemen more delight in any thing than in their Horses so as they hang gold Chains and Jewels at their ears and paint them half over with exquisite colours It likewise aboundeth with Flesh Whit-meat Birds fresh-water Fish it being far within Land and all kind of Pulse as pease and the like It hath some Mines of gold and silver towards the Carpatian Mountains of Hungary The natural Commodities The chief Commodities that go from hence are Wax Flax Linnen Cloathes made thereof Hemp Pitch Masts for Ships Boards and Timber rich Furrs Salt digged out of Pits Amber Sope-ashes and all kind of Grain especially Rye which hath made Dantsick famous for relieving all Nations there with in time of dearth Natures of the people The People are very industrious and studious of all Languages especially the Latin in which they are so devoted that you shall hardly find a mean Man which is not able in some measure to express himself in that tongue They are according to their abilities rather prodigal than truely liberal and are generally good Souldiers The Gentlemen free the Peasants in miserable subjection to their Lords proud they are and impatient delicious in Diet and costly in their attire The Women are for the most part indifferently fair and rather witty than well-spoken The chief Provinces of this Kingdome are 1. Livonia 2. Lituania 3. Volinia 4. Samogitia 5. Podolia 6. Russia Nigra 7. Mazovia 8. Prussia 9. Podlassia and 10. Poland Livonia Livonia hath on the East Moscovy on the West the Baltick Sea North Finland and South Lituania It is in length 500 in breadth 160 miles and is a Countrey exceeding mountainous and fenny yet withall so abundantly fruitfull that no small store of provision is sent hence into other Countreys The chief Towns are 1. Riga an Archbishops See 2 Derpt a Town of great commerce 3. Rivallia a strong Fort in the hands of the Swedelander so also is Narve Lituania Lituania is a most large Province fenny and woody so as in summer-time there is no passage into it but in the winter when the Fens are frozen Merchants trade with the Inhabitants The chief Cities are 1. Vilna the Metropolitan City the Seat of a Bishop and an University 2. Vilcomire 3. Brestia They have plenty of Honey Wax wilde Beasts and rich Furrs but they scarce know the use of money Volinia Volinia is invironed with Lituania Podolia and Russia the People are strong and warlike The chief Towns are Kiovia and Circassia on the Banks of the River Neiper it is a small woody Province but very fertil Samogitia Samogitia whose Inhabitants are most â—dolaters It hath no walled Town but the People live in Cottages being rude and of great stature It is a Northern Region having Livonia North and the Baltick Sea West It is very woody and in the midst of the trees is found excellent Honey Podolia Podolia aboundeth with excellent pastures and the ground is so fertil that of one sowing they have three harvests The chief Cities are 1. Camienza seated on a rock 2. Orkzacow 3 Winiecza Russia nigra Russia nigra hath on the East Podolia West Poland North and South Hungary The chief Towns are 1. Leopolis or Lemburg 2. Grodeck 3. Luckzo It is a very fruitfull Countrey well stored with fair Houses and numerous herds of Cattel Prussia Prussia or Borussia hath South Mazovia North the Baltick Sea East Lituania and West the River Vistula This Countrey yieldeth abundance of Amber The chief Cities are 1. Dantzick where are daily sold 1000 measures of Wheat it is sited in Pomerania but subject unto the Polonian This is a very fair City the Houses for the most part are built of Stone or Brick six or seven roofs high The Garners for laying up of Corn are very fair and very many lying together in which the Citizens lay up Corn brought