the_o year_n 1543._o when_o as_o he_o conquer_v it_o from_o william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n who_o maintain_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o charles_n of_o egmont_n last_o duke_n of_o gelder_n which_o council_n do_v serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n as_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n joint_o consist_v of_o a_o chancellor_n and_o ten_o councillor_n that_o be_v four_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o four_o quarter_n above_o mention_v and_o six_o lawyer_n or_o other_o the_o which_o administer_v justice_n with_o great_a authority_n have_v a_o attorney_n general_a a_o register_n and_o other_o officer_n from_o who_o sentence_n there_o be_v no_o appeal_n in_o which_o town_n the_o chamber_n of_o account_n be_v also_o place_v by_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o duke_n of_o geldres_n succeed_v the_o emperor_n charles_n his_o father_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o whereas_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o geldres_n and_o zutphen_n as_o well_o of_o justice_n as_o of_o the_o treasure_n must_v yield_v a_o account_n of_o their_o charge_n and_o office_n this_o town_n within_o these_o thirty_o year_n be_v wonderful_o change_v as_o well_o in_o fortification_n and_o boulwark_n as_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v often_o threaten_v and_o attempt_v to_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o spanish_a faction_n but_o it_o be_v fruitless_a the_o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a consider_v the_o easy_a access_n they_o have_v when_o as_o they_o hold_v the_o town_n of_o deventer_n and_o zutphen_n nymegen_n it_o be_v a_o free_a town_n and_o a_o fee_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o the_o which_o we_o read_v that_o magus_n king_n of_o gaul_n the_o son_n of_o dis_n have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n who_o call_v it_o maga_n by_o his_o own_o name_n and_o that_o afterward_o batto_n king_n of_o the_o catthe_n as_o we_o will_v show_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o description_n of_o holland_n come_v into_o that_o quarter_n please_v himself_o in_o the_o situation_n and_o in_o the_o remarkable_a antiquity_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v and_o do_v both_o amplify_v and_o fortify_v it_o with_o new_a wall_n whereupon_o it_o be_v call_v noviomagum_fw-la the_o which_o in_o the_o country_n speech_n answer_v to_o nyenmegen_n unless_o that_o in_o favour_v the_o little_a town_n of_o megen_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o mouse_n prefer_v it_o in_o antiquity_n we_o will_v maintain_v that_o nymegen_n have_v be_v build_v since_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n by_o the_o same_o magus_n or_o his_o successor_n the_o which_o i_o leave_v doubtful_a hessel_n son_n to_o batto_n favour_v this_o town_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi for_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o and_o do_v so_o enlarge_v it_o as_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v call_v hessel-marckt_a unto_o this_o day_n among_o all_o the_o singularity_n and_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n the_o castle_n be_v yet_o stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n and_o over_o look_v the_o town_n the_o which_o some_o affirm_v be_v build_v and_o re-edefied_n by_o julius_n caesar_n to_o discover_v the_o country_n thereabouts_a and_o to_o command_v it_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o place_n in_o all_o that_o quarter_n to_o be_v find_v which_o yield_v so_o goodly_a a_o prospect_n of_o the_o country_n river_n town_n and_o village_n as_o this_o fort_n do_v the_o which_o unto_o this_o day_n they_o call_v des_n wallick_v hoff_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o gaul_n court_n the_o which_o be_v a_o probable_a argument_n that_o magus_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o gaul_n have_v build_v it_o they_o have_v find_v in_o this_o town_n &_o about_o it_o within_o few_o year_n memory_n of_o the_o roman_n antiquity_n as_o medal_n and_o goodly_a stone_n of_o sumptuous_a building_n and_o sepulchre_n with_o inscription_n and_o epitaph_n of_o some_o captain_n &_o famous_a man_n there_o be_v also_o many_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_n time_n along_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n where_o as_o some_o think_v they_o plant_v their_o camp_n and_o place_v their_o garrison_n so_o as_o the_o passage_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v in_o the_o country_n language_n roomsche_n vort_n which_o signify_v a_o roman_a fort._n so_o as_o they_o have_v find_v great_a stone_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chief_a port_n which_o they_o call_v hessell-port_n whereas_o these_o word_n be_v grave_v hâ—c_fw-la pes_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la here_o be_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n hic_fw-la finis_fw-la regni_fw-la stauriae_fw-la here_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o command_n of_o staurius_n whereof_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o in_o the_o description_n of_o friesland_n there_o be_v also_o find_v in_o st._n stephen_n churchyard_n a_o great_a stone_n on_o the_o which_o these_o verse_n be_v grave_v anno_fw-la milleno_fw-it postquam_fw-la salus_fw-la est_fw-la data_fw-la saeclo_fw-la centeno_n iuncto_fw-la quinguageno_fw-la quoque_fw-la quinto_fw-la caesar_n in_o orbe_fw-la situs_fw-la fredericus_fw-la pacis_fw-la amicus_fw-la lapsum_fw-la confractum_fw-la vetus_fw-la in_fw-la nihil_fw-la ante_fw-la redactum_fw-la arte_fw-la nitore_fw-la pari_fw-la reparavit_fw-la opus_fw-la neomagi_n julius_n in_o primo_fw-la tamen_fw-la extitit_fw-la eius_fw-la origo_fw-la impar_fw-la pacifico_fw-la reparateri_fw-la frederico_n twelve_o hundred_o year_n want_v but_o forty_o five_o after_o salvation_n do_v appear_v to_o man_n frederick_n then_o peaceful_a emperor_n do_v revive_v the_o pristine_a fame_n of_o ruine_a nymegen_n julius_n do_v build_v it_o long_o before_o as_o then_o his_o first_o foundation_n stand_v but_o far_o unlike_a to_o the_o repair_v of_o peaceful_a frederick_n this_o be_v when_o as_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n cause_v the_o old_a ruin_n to_o be_v repair_v under_o this_o town_n be_v comprehend_v as_o make_v one_o quarter_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o town_n of_o bomel_n and_o tyel_n which_o be_v wall_v in_o and_o ghendt_fw-ge which_o lie_v open_a but_o yet_o it_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n the_o jurisdiction_n be_v first_o that_o of_o the_o bourgrave_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o vicont_n of_o nymegen_n &_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_v two_o town_n and_o of_o bomelweerd_v then_o that_o of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a betuwe_n and_o afterward_o they_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n and_o meuse_n in_o the_o year_n 1248._o this_o town_n come_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o gelder_n by_o the_o mean_n which_o follow_v otto_n earl_n of_o gelder_n do_v lend_v unto_o william_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n earl_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n etc._n etc._n the_o sum_n of_o 21000._o mark_n of_o pure_a silver_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o within_o a_o certain_a time_n limit_v he_o do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a sum_n he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_a town_n with_o the_o jurisdiction_n as_o his_o own_o proper_a inheritance_n the_o which_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n do_v continue_v since_o &_o do_v augment_v the_o condition_n for_o the_o earl_n advantage_n and_o withal_o the_o say_a money_n be_v not_o satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o mean_n to_o pay_v it_o whereby_o the_o vicontie_n and_o seigneury_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi have_v remain_v incorporate_v upon_o certain_a condition_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n retain_v the_o jurisdiction_n sovereignty_n and_o prerogative_n to_o coin_v money_n as_o a_o imperial_a town_n in_o the_o year_n 1589._o colonel_n martin_n schencke_n of_o nydeck_n make_v a_o unfortunate_a enterprise_n upon_o the_o town_n who_o retire_v unto_o his_o boat_n be_v overload_v it_o sink_v and_o he_o be_v drown_v since_o the_o unite_a estate_n have_v build_v a_o mighty_a fort_n call_v knotsenbourg_n on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n opposite_a unto_o the_o town_n the_o which_o do_v hinder_v their_o navigation_n and_o much_o annoy_v they_o with_o their_o canon_n the_o townseman_n do_v press_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n to_o free_v they_o from_o this_o fort_n and_o to_o besiege_v it_o but_o prince_n maurice_n come_v thither_o out_o of_o frieseland_n and_o have_v defeat_v some_o of_o the_o duke_n man_n he_o be_v force_v to_o raze_v his_o siege_n and_o to_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n into_o brabant_n he_o himself_o go_v to_o the_o spa_n the_o prince_n see_v he_o retire_v make_v haste_n to_o besiege_v the_o say_a town_n which_o he_o soon_o force_v to_o yield_v unto_o the_o unite_a estate_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o under_o who_o obedience_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v ruermond_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o meuze_fw-fr join_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o that_o of_o ruoer_n for_o mondt_n in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n signify_v mouth_n or_o
his_o pretend_a marriage_n with_o joane_n of_o albret_n princess_n of_o navarre_n and_o marry_v with_o the_o daughter_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o roman_n the_o emperor_n brother_n in_o consideration_n whereof_o all_o his_o other_o country_n which_o the_o emperor_n man_n have_v take_v from_o he_o be_v restore_v again_o to_o which_o accord_n the_o estate_n of_o gelder_n do_v willing_o consent_v upon_o certain_a e_o condition_n contain_v in_o their_o patent_n and_o so_o gelder_n and_o zutphen_n return_v again_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n under_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o in_o the_o year_n 1543._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1549._o there_o be_v receive_v for_o prince_n and_o homage_n do_v unto_o philip_n of_o austria_n prince_n of_o spain_n the_o only_a son_n unto_o the_o emperor_n as_o future_a and_o lawful_a lord_n of_o the_o say_a duchy_n &_o earldom_n who_o give_v the_o governmennt_v thereof_o unto_o charles_n of_o brunen_n earl_n of_o meghen_fw-mi until_o that_o in_o these_o last_o war_n the_o say_v province_n have_v enter_v into_o the_o general_a union_n of_o the_o netherlands_o by_o the_o pacification_n of_o gandt_n they_o have_v notwithstanding_o the_o dis-union_n of_o they_o of_o arthois_n henauâ—t_n and_o other_o continue_v always_o constant_a in_o the_o say_a union_n and_o so_o remain_v at_o this_o present_a have_v taste_v the_o bitter_a fruit_n of_o the_o say_a war_n as_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o make_v mention_v the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n and_o of_o west-friesland_n before_o i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v batavia_n which_o be_v now_o call_v holland_n in_o old_a time_n the_o mother_n of_o good_a horseman_n and_o the_o mistress_n of_o martial_a discipline_n not_o tributary_n but_o companion_n and_o ally_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o the_o relate_v the_o original_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v a_o repetition_n of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v collect_v of_o their_o antiquity_n by_o ancient_a record_n &_o redeem_v they_o from_o forgettfulnesse_n to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o ancient_a glory_n and_o honour_n to_o which_o effect_n as_o i_o hold_v it_o very_o absurd_a to_o abuse_v the_o reader_n with_o fable_n and_o lie_v so_o will_v i_o not_o altogether_o reject_v that_o which_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o our_o ancestor_n i_o know_v that_o the_o curious_a reader_n affect_v new_a thing_n more_o than_o ancient_a the_o memory_n whereof_o be_v almost_o extinct_a but_o i_o will_v entreat_v they_o to_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o remember_v the_o honour_n which_o the_o batavians_n have_v purchase_v by_o arm_n register_v by_o all_o ancient_a writer_n whereof_o we_o will_v present_o make_v mention_n first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o batavians_n be_v original_o descend_v from_o the_o cat_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o drive_v from_o their_o native_a soil_n by_o intestine_a dissension_n have_v past_o the_o rind_n seek_v a_o new_a habitation_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o belgia_n which_o be_v inhabit_v they_o plant_v themselves_o in_o the_o island_n which_o the_o rind_n do_v environ_v the_o which_o tacitus_n a_o knight_n and_o a_o faithful_a roman_a writer_n do_v witness_n in_o his_o book_n which_o he_o have_v write_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o german_n omnium_fw-la say_v he_o harum_fw-la gentium_fw-la virtute_fw-la precipui_fw-la batavi_fw-la non_fw-la multum_fw-la exâ—ripa_fw-la sed_fw-la insulam_fw-la rheni_n amnis_fw-la incolunt_fw-la cattorun_v quondam_a populus_fw-la et_fw-la seditione_n domestica_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la sedes_fw-la transgressus_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la pars_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la manet_fw-la honos_fw-la &_o antiquae_fw-la societatis_fw-la insigne_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o all_o the_o nation_n mean_v the_o german_n the_o batavian_n be_v the_o most_o valiant_a not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n but_o inhabit_v of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n in_o ancient_a time_n a_o people_n of_o the_o cat_n and_o by_o their_o civil_a dissension_n transport_v into_o these_o part_n to_o make_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o yet_o enjoy_v the_o honour_n thereof_o batavi_fw-la donec_fw-la trans_fw-la rhenum_n agebant_fw-la pars_fw-la cattorum_fw-la seditione_n domestica_fw-la pulsi_fw-la extrema_fw-la gallicae_n orae_fw-la vacua_fw-la cultoribus_fw-la simulque_fw-la insulam_fw-la inter_fw-la vada_fw-la sitam_fw-la occupavere_fw-la quam_fw-la mare_fw-la oceanum_n a_o front_n rhenus_n amnis_fw-la tergum_fw-la ac_fw-la latera_fw-la circumluit_fw-la the_o batavians_n whilst_o they_o remain_v beyond_o the_o rind_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o cat_n chase_v away_o by_o civil_a dissension_n plant_v themselves_o upon_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o gaulish_a fronter_z in_o a_o island_n lie_v among_o the_o marsh_n have_v the_o ocean_n sea_n in_o front_n and_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n behind_o and_o on_o either_o side_n by_o these_o word_n we_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o battavians_n must_v fetch_v their_o first_o beginning_n from_o the_o catthe_n but_o it_o be_v questionable_a in_o what_o part_n of_o germany_n the_o catthe_n do_v dwell_v for_o john_n stella_n who_o have_v write_v the_o philippi_n peregrination_n say_v that_o they_o do_v reside_v at_o heidelberg_n heilbrunen_n and_o the_o othonian_n forest_n schonerus_n the_o mathematician_n make_v they_o saxon_n marlianus_n send_v they_o to_o the_o forest_n of_o hongary_n irenicus_n will_v have_v then_o turingians_n all_o which_o opinion_n be_v full_a of_o obscure_a error_n but_o stella_n fly_v a_o high_o pitch_v like_a unto_o icarus_n one_o error_n draw_v on_o a_o other_o make_v the_o visipiens_n to_o be_v neighbour_n unto_o the_o catthe_n assign_v those_o of_o fancford_n and_o conflens_n even_o unto_o the_o river_n of_o moselle_n whereas_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o rhine_n he_o affirm_v moreover_o that_o the_o teuctere_n neighbour_n to_o the_o catthe_n now_o call_v a_o part_n of_o hessen_n remain_v along_o the_o river_n of_o lave_v and_o lip_n for_o my_o part_n i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v of_o hesse_n with_o the_o which_o many_o learned_a writer_n do_v concur_v for_o tacitus_n do_v make_v they_o to_o be_v neighbour_n to_o the_o cherusques_fw-fr which_o be_v the_o people_n of_o lunebourg_n and_o to_o the_o hermodure_v which_o be_v they_o of_o misnia_n begin_v their_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o forest_n hircinia_n whereof_o the_o river_n sala_n be_v a_o good_a witness_n for_o the_o enjoy_n whereof_o the_o catthe_n be_v in_o continual_a quarrel_n against_o the_o hermodure_n which_o divide_v the_o bishopric_n of_o naumburg_n and_o merspurg_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n of_o elbe_n limit_v in_o old_a time_n the_o signieury_n of_o the_o cat_n the_o river_n of_o eder_n be_v also_o a_o witness_n run_v through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o cat_n which_o as_o the_o same_o author_n do_v report_n the_o young_a man_n of_o the_o cat_n do_v swim_v through_o when_o as_o caesar_n germanicus_n do_v charge_v they_o sudden_o this_o river_n fall_v into_o that_o of_o fulda_n upon_o who_o bank_n battenburg_n be_v seat_v from_o whence_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o our_o batto_n or_o at_o the_o least_o they_o of_o the_o house_n of_o battenburg_n be_v issue_v the_o which_o also_o they_o of_o catsenellebogen_n do_v testefie_v have_v a_o castle_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o theriver_n of_o rhine_n of_o that_o name_n show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o cat_n meliboces_n in_o the_o country_n of_o hessen_n we_o have_v also_o for_o reliks_n of_o this_o nation_n two_o village_n of_o the_o cat_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o sea_n call_v catwyck_n up_o zee_n and_o the_o other_o near_o unto_o the_o village_n of_o rinsburg_n call_v catwycke_n upon_o the_o rhine_n both_o of_o they_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o holland_n and_o cat_n a_o town_n of_o zeeland_n which_o some_o seventy_o year_n past_a be_v drown_v and_o since_o with_o cortgeen_n and_o the_o i_o will_v of_o northbeveland_n a_o island_n of_o zeeland_n within_o this_o ten_o year_n recover_v from_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v some_o that_o affirm_v that_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o cat_n remove_v from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o birth_n be_v for_o that_o they_o lose_v a_o battle_n against_o the_o hermodure_n be_v in_o continual_a quarrel_n for_o their_o salt_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v make_v of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n of_o sala_n whereby_o the_o hermodure_v become_v more_o puissant_a but_o i_o hold_v it_o a_o detraction_n from_o the_o batavian_n honour_n for_o that_o they_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n constrain_v the_o cat_n to_o change_v their_o place_n and_o to_o come_v to_o inhabit_v this_o island_n of_o the_o rind_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o cat_n may_v with_o great_a reason_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o beginning_n andfirst_fw-mi father_n of_o the_o batavians_n or_o hollander_n a_o people_n renown_v for_o their_o skill_n in_o war_n
as_o wine_n corn_n wood_n and_o other_o commodity_n that_o pass_v by_o they_o come_v out_o of_o germany_n gelderland_n cleves_n and_o juilliers_n belong_v to_o this_o town_n of_o dordrecht_n well_o see_v we_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o this_o word_n staple_n it_o follow_v necessary_o for_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o it_o that_o we_o say_v something_o both_o for_o the_o name_n and_o use_v of_o it_o the_o word_n estaple_n be_v a_o french_a word_n derive_v from_o the_o lattin_a word_n stabulum_n so_o that_o the_o word_n staple_n be_v a_o market_n or_o public_a place_n in_o a_o town_n ordain_v for_o the_o bestow_n of_o wine_n corn_n wood_n and_o other_o merchandise_n that_o come_v from_o other_o country_n every_o town_n have_v their_o several_a privilege_n according_a to_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o prince_n not_o without_o great_a grief_n and_o vexation_n to_o other_o both_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n that_o bring_v they_o thither_o as_o for_o example_n the_o town_n of_o arras_n 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neither_o the_o sea_n nor_o marsh_n or_o fen_n to_o annoy_v it_o fear_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o good_a land_n fit_a both_o for_o tillage_n and_o for_o pasture_n environ_v with_o fair_a country_n house_n farm_n little_a wood_n and_o many_o castle_n and_o village_n and_o to_o conclude_v seat_v reasonable_a high_a and_o very_o pleasant_a it_o have_v one_o very_o great_a church_n with_o a_o high_a steeple_n support_v with_o great_a column_n or_o pillar_n and_o much_o long_a than_o any_o other_o in_o the_o low-countries_n there_o pass_v now_o through_o it_o a_o river_n call_v sparre_n which_o fall_v out_o of_o a_o lake_n of_o fresh_a water_n into_o the_o channel_n that_o run_v towards_o the_o town_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o leyden_n which_o be_v call_v the_o sea_n of_o harlem_n which_o river_n have_v be_v draw_v with_o great_a labour_n and_o charge_n from_o that_o of_o tie_n by_o the_o sluice_n of_o sparendam_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o thence_o before_o the_o town_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o leyden_n there_o be_v heretofore_o a_o very_a pleasant_a wood_n which_o during_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v cut_v down_o by_o the_o allamaine_v that_o be_v quarter_v on_o that_o side_n in_o the_o village_n of_o hemsted_n but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n after_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v replant_v so_o as_o in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o become_v as_o pleasant_a as_o it_o be_v before_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o town_n for_o delightful_a walk_n for_o the_o excersise_n of_o their_o spirit_n and_o keep_v many_o people_n of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o tavern_n and_o such_o other_o place_n in_o pass_v their_o time_n there_o there_o be_v there_o likewise_o make_v very_o great_a store_n of_o fine_a white_a linen_n cloth_n much_o desire_v and_o seek_v for_o from_o spain_n italy_n and_o other_o country_n and_o also_o good_a woollen_a cloth_n which_o for_o the_o die_v equal_n any_o other_o country_n and_o be_v likewise_o transport_v into_o foreign_a region_n touch_v the_o etymology_n or_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n i_o may_v not_o rely_v upon_o lewis_n guichardine_n who_o have_v follow_v the_o old_a dutch_a chronicle_n of_o holland_n but_o rather_o follow_v that_o learned_a physician_n and_o historiographer_n of_o horn_n doctor_n adrianus_n junius_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o harlemois_n be_v issue_v from_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o king_n of_o freezland_n who_o first_o build_v both_o the_o their_o town_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n five_o hundred_o and_o six_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o channel_n that_o run_v towards_o egmont_n not_o far_o from_o heimskirk_n all_o build_v of_o great_a and_o large_a brick_n as_o yet_o at_o this_o day_n be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o ruin_n and_o ground_n work_v of_o the_o wall_n the_o demolishment_n whereof_o some_o attribute_n to_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n other_o to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n who_o seek_v to_o extirp_v and_o root_v out_o the_o nobility_n this_o castle_n alone_o at_o this_o time_n be_v not_o demolish_v but_o like_o a_o violent_a thunder_n they_o throw_v down_o all_o to_o the_o ground_n see_v we_o be_v speak_v of_o this_o castle_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o although_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o to_o relate_v a_o memorable_a accident_n that_o then_o happen_v as_o a_o strange_a note_v of_o true_a conjugal_a love_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n have_v by_o his_o exaction_n and_o cruelty_n make_v himself_o odious_a to_o all_o his_o people_n and_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n be_v besiege_v and_o so_o press_v for_o want_n of_o victual_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o escape_v to_o enter_v into_o treaty_n for_o the_o render_n of_o the_o town_n his_o wife_n atrue_a mirror_n of_o piety_n and_o love_n towards_o her_o husband_n among_o other_o article_n for_o the_o render_n of_o the_o town_n capitulate_v that_o she_o may_v have_v as_o much_o of_o her_o most_o precious_a movable_n as_o she_o can_v carry_v out_o at_o one_o time_n the_o which_o be_v grant_v she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o her_o chambermaid_n carry_v her_o husband_n lock_v in_o a_o chest_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n leave_v all_o her_o ring_n and_o jewel_n behind_o she_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o wife_n of_o guelphe_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o in_o the_o like_a necessity_n pray_v the_o emperor_n conrade_n that_o she_o and_o her_o lady_n may_v carry_v out_o that_o which_o they_o hold_v most_o dear_a and_o precious_a the_o emperor_n imagine_v it_o be_v nothing_o but_o their_o ring_n and_o jewel_n she_o and_o all_o the_o lady_n after_o her_o example_n take_v her_o husband_n on_o her_o
excellent_a poesy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o laurel_n crown_n that_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o send_v he_o by_o his_o orator_n stephanus_n of_o crocovia_n it_o be_v he_o that_o first_o control_v gerard_n of_o nymegen_n in_o his_o book_n that_o he_o write_v of_o the_o true_a situation_n of_o batavia_n or_o holland_n between_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o the_o say_v gerard_n of_o nymegen_n will_v have_v attribute_v to_o the_o betuwe_n a_o part_n of_o gelderland_n wherein_o the_o say_v aurelius_n lively_o express_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o hollander_n who_o in_o his_o youth_n be_v bring_v up_o by_o that_o so_o much_o renown_v erasmus_n of_o rotterdam_n be_v beget_v at_o goude_n but_o by_o remove_v of_o dwell_v bear_v and_o bring_v up_o at_o rotterdam_n there_o be_v many_o other_o learned_a &_o famous_a person_n spring_v from_o this_o town_n too_o long_o here_o to_o rehearse_v of_o who_o justus_n lypsius_n janus_n gruterus_n and_o dominicus_n baudius_n of_o lille_n in_o flanders_n have_v ample_o write_v in_o their_o work_n notwithstanding_o that_o throughout_o all_o the_o town_n of_o the_o netherlands_o many_o bloody_a decree_n have_v be_v execute_v for_o religion_n on_o both_o part_n yet_o they_o of_o this_o town_n have_v be_v so_o moderate_a even_o to_o great_a papist_n their_o neighbour_n and_o in_o their_o power_n that_o in_o a_o hundred_o year_n &_o more_o there_o have_v be_v but_o three_o execute_v upon_o those_o placart_n or_o decree_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o anabaptist_n who_o be_v secret_o advertise_v by_o the_o magistrate_n that_o he_o shall_v retire_v himself_o yet_o he_o come_v and_o render_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o officer_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o they_o of_o goude_n have_v ever_o detest_a tyranny_n and_o persecution_n believe_v that_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n to_o command_v the_o conscience_n enchvysen_n this_o town_n of_o enchuysen_n have_v take_v name_n from_o the_o fewness_n of_o house_n it_o have_v at_o the_o first_o be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o become_v a_o great_a town_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n this_o word_n enckle_v huysen_v signify_v little_a â—r_o simple_a house_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o by_o the_o natural_a situation_n very_o strong_a oppose_v to_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o sea_n stand_v upon_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o land_n their_o traffic_n by_o sea_n make_v they_o scotfree_a and_o opulent_a it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o fair_a masonry_n have_v very_o few_o house_n of_o wood_n for_o fear_v of_o fire_n which_o they_o have_v once_o or_o twice_o before_o have_v experience_n of_o for_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o holland_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1297._o the_o lord_n of_o arkell_n &_o putten_n burn_v it_o all_o and_o yet_o within_o twenty_o year_n after_o it_o be_v make_v great_a by_o the_o half_a for_o all_o the_o salt_n pit_n that_o be_v along_o the_o sea_n bank_n and_o the_o marsh_n behind_o be_v now_o within_o the_o wall_n with_o many_o fair_a garden_n &_o fishpond_n there_o be_v two_o passage_n out_o to_o sea_n and_o three_o haven_n at_o one_o of_o the_o which_o entrance_n there_o be_v a_o great_a tower_n whereupon_o be_v engrave_v a_o latin_a distique_a make_v by_o de_fw-fr adrianus_n junius_n upon_o the_o attempt_n that_o charles_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o gelder_n make_v for_o the_o surprise_n of_o it_o that_o he_o may_v get_v a_o entrance_n into_o holland_n it_o express_v the_o time_n of_o the_o attempt_n and_o be_v this_o enchvsam_fw-la insidiis_fw-la tacitis_fw-la svh_o nocte_fw-la silenti_fw-la obâ—vere_fw-la adni_fw-la xa_fw-la est_fw-la ge_n lrica_n perfidia_fw-la the_o trecherovs_a geldrol_n sovght_v by_o violent_a may_v to_o have_v take_v enchvisen_v through_o the_o veil_v of_o n_o ight._n this_o town_n be_v rich_a in_o salt_n pit_n the_o inhabitant_n fetch_v gross_a salt_n from_o brovage_n by_o rochel_n or_o in_o spain_n and_o sometime_o from_o the_o salt_n land_n where_o they_o have_v it_o for_o nothing_o and_o after_o boil_v it_o again_o and_o refine_v it_o multiply_v it_o with_o sea-water_n bring_v they_o in_o boat_n take_v the_o heat_n away_o &_o make_v it_o white_a fit_n for_o the_o table_n their_z be_v as_o sufficient_a store_n of_o sluice_n in_o this_o town_n and_o about_o it_o for_o the_o passage_n of_o sea-water_n as_o in_o france_n or_o spain_n but_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n to_o congeal_v and_o harden_v it_o as_o in_o other_o place_n heretofore_o they_o make_v great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n of_o the_o ash_n of_o turf_n &_o sea-water_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v of_o saltpetre_n at_o this_o day_n which_o they_o call_v silt-sout_a whereof_o they_o make_v a_o great_a traffic_n but_o since_o that_o they_o have_v trade_v to_o spain_n and_o france_n &_o from_o thence_o bring_v in_o their_o great_a ship_n what_o quantity_n the_o will_n this_o manner_n of_o make_v it_o be_v come_v to_o nothing_o it_o be_v unpossible_a that_o that_o which_o they_o make_v in_o diverse_a place_n shall_v be_v so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o pure_a sea-water_n this_o town_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v call_v neptune_n seat_n for_o that_o their_o ship_n pass_v all_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o world_n and_o have_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o carry_v and_o bring_v back_o the_o emperor_n in_o diverse_a of_o his_o expedition_n and_o likewise_o sundry_a time_n king_n philip_n his_o son_n and_o since_o â—nne_v of_o austria_n his_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o second_o they_o carry_v in_o their_o arm_n three_o herring_n argent_a and_o two_o star_n or_o in_o a_o field_n azure_a as_o a_o fatal_a and_o certain_a augur_n presage_v that_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o herring_n they_o shall_v cut_v through_o all_o sea_n and_o trade_n to_o the_o one_o and_o other_o pole_n which_o at_o this_o time_n they_o do_v in_o this_o town_n dwell_v doctor_n paludanus_n a_o exquisite_a physician_n and_o great_a gatherer_n together_o of_o strange_a and_o rare_a antiquity_n to_o such_o a_o infinite_a number_n that_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v see_v piece_n by_o piece_n in_o three_o day_n the_o marvellous_a work_n of_o nature_n as_o well_o proceed_v from_o the_o land_n as_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o secret_a work_n of_o god_n be_v therein_o to_o be_v contemplate_v &_o admire_v but_o i_o understand_v since_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o landgrave_n of_o hessen_n horn_n about_o the_o year_n 1316._o in_o the_o time_n of_o count_n william_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n call_v the_o good_a earl_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n henault_n and_o westfreezeland_a this_o town_n take_v his_o little_a beginning_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o the_o town_n of_o veronne_n near_o alckmar_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o frison_n there_o be_v a_o great_a sluice_n in_o the_o ditch_n where_o at_o this_o day_n the_o 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a_o shop_n of_o weaver_n whereas_o they_o make_v great_a abundance_n of_o very_a fine_a cloth_n the_o house_n of_o this_o town_n be_v very_o fair_a be_v new_o build_v within_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n meaning_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o the_o hollander_n who_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n revolt_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o tyranny_n he_o send_v don_n frederick_n his_o son_n thither_o with_o a_o army_n who_o approach_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n of_o naerden_n the_o bourguemaister_n &_o council_n of_o the_o town_n go_v forth_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o to_o present_v he_o the_o key_n of_o the_o town_n when_o be_v enter_v with_o his_o troop_n the_o burgher_n
haven_n which_o go_v direct_o unto_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o be_v fair_a large_a and_o commodious_a notwithstanding_o since_o that_o middelbourg_n grow_v so_o famous_a it_o can_v recover_v the_o accustom_a traffic_n touch_v navigation_n yet_o be_v it_o good_a fair_a and_o strong_a retain_v their_o ancient_a trade_n for_o salt_n and_o grain_n to_o die_v withal_o with_o the_o fish_n for_o herring_n in_o this_o town_n the_o receiver_n of_o beoosterschelt_n do_v common_o remain_v who_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v chief_a justice_n for_o the_o county_n of_o zeeland_n to_o who_o as_o to_o he_o of_o the_o beversterschelt_v at_o middelbourg_n all_o commission_n be_v direct_v come_v from_o the_o superior_n to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n every_o one_o in_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o this_o town_n be_v bear_v that_o famous_a amandus_n ziricxeus_n a_o religious_a man_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n francis_n who_o have_v write_v many_o goodly_a poem_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o 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town_n of_o mark_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v romerswal_n than_o borssele_n which_o stand_v towards_o the_o south_n but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1432._o the_o dykes_n be_v break_v by_o the_o high_a tide_n and_o great_a tempest_n and_o it_o drown_v with_o the_o country_n depend_v thereon_o which_o they_o call_v the_o siegneury_n of_o borssel_n romerswal_n hold_v in_o that_o time_n the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o town_n of_o the_o say_a island_n look_v towards_o berghen_n up_o zoom_n upon_o the_o east_n from_o the_o which_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o league_n distant_a but_o the_o same_o tempest_n and_o inundation_n wherewith_o borssele_n be_v swallow_v up_o divide_v this_o town_n from_o zuytbevelandt_n leave_v it_o a_o part_n in_o a_o small_a island_n be_v force_v to_o defend_v itself_o continual_o with_o great_a toil_n cost_n and_o amazement_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n of_o escaut_n against_o the_o which_o they_o must_v fight_v continual_o as_o a_o citizen_n of_o that_o town_n a_o man_n of_o great_a knowledge_n do_v witte_o show_v by_o these_o verse_n follow_v which_o he_o plant_v at_o his_o door_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1549_o when_o as_o prince_n phillippe_n afterward_o the_o second_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o spain_n come_v thither_o to_o receive_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o county_n of_o zeeland_n and_o to_o take_v possession_n thereof_o as_o follow_v vidimus_fw-la assueto_fw-la privatum_fw-la lumine_fw-la solemn_a pallida_fw-la turbato_fw-la vidimus_fw-la astra_fw-la die_fw-la vidimus_fw-la undantes_n horrendos_fw-la aequoris_fw-la aestus_fw-la nos_fw-la miseros_fw-la belgas_n cum_fw-la obruit_fw-la oceanus_n vidimus_fw-la fast_o postquam_fw-la te_fw-la gloria_fw-la nostra_fw-la philipe_n caesareaproles_n semi-deumque_a decus_fw-la cuncta_fw-la refutamus_fw-la transacti_fw-la tristia_fw-la saecli_fw-la quod_fw-la praesens_fw-la nostrum_fw-la testificatur_fw-la opus_fw-la sit_fw-la licet_fw-la exiguum_fw-la sit_fw-la pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la voluntas_fw-la nil_fw-la facit_fw-la ad_fw-la vastum_fw-la parua_fw-la catena_fw-la fretum_fw-la we_o have_v behold_v fair_a sol_n deprive_v of_o sight_n pale_a star_n at_o noon_n and_o noonday_n like_o the_o night_n we_o have_v behold_v the_o furious_a wave_n make_v way_n through_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o wretched_a belgia_n but_o when_o we_o but_o behold_v that_o face_n of_o thou_o great_a philip_n glorious_a bud_n of_o caesar_n line_n it_o clear_v our_o heart_n from_o woe_n our_o eye_n from_o shower_n witness_v this_o present_a monument_n of_o we_o which_o be_v it_o small_a our_o love_n must_v be_v our_o plea_n small_a chain_n can_v overreach_v the_o broad_a sea_n go_v which_o be_v otherwise_o call_v tergoe_v be_v the_o only_a place_n which_o be_v leave_v stand_v on_o the_o north-side_n upon_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o escault_n call_v schenge_n it_o be_v now_o a_o good_a town_n be_v since_o these_o last_o trouble_n much_o enlarge_v and_o fortefied_a with_o large_a rampart_v and_o goodly_a bulwark_n there_o be_v reasonable_a good-trade_n especial_o of_o grain_n for_o dyer_n wherewith_o the_o country_n abound_v there_o grow_v also_o the_o best_a wheat_n of_o all_o zeeland_n more_o than_o they_o need_v for_o their_o own_o use_n transport_v the_o surplusage_n into_o the_o other_o island_n their_o haven_n be_v long_o and_o straight_o at_o the_o mouth_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o fort_n one_o of_o either_o side_n so_o as_o nothing_o can_v pass_v without_o descovery_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v the_o village_n of_o cloetinghen_n belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a floris_n of_o 〈…〉_z heir_n apparent_a to_o all_o that_o house_n a_o little_a far_o off_o be_v the_o village_n of_o barlandt_n where_o that_o learned_a man_n adrianus_n barlandus_n who_o have_v careful_o write_v the_o chronicle_n of_o brabant_n and_o a_o sommarie_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n then_o cruyningen_n zeaetskerke_n hynckesandt_n capelle_n catten-dyke_n which_o be_v all_o village_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o island_n of_o zuytbevelandt_n there_o be_v yet_o some_o pleasant_a grove_n and_o bush_n fit_a for_o hunt_v for_o there_o be_v many_o hare_n find_v in_o the_o island_n and_o great_a store_n of_o wild_a foul_a tolen_n be_v one_o of_o the_o east_n island_n of_o zeelande_n belong_v to_o the_o country_n it_o be_v now_o whole_o environ_v with_o good_a trench_n and_o some_o fort_n betwixt_o fear_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o have_v twice_o or_o thrice_o attempt_v to_o get_v foot_v for_o there_o be_v but_o one_o channel_n to_o pass_v upon_o brabant_n side_n it_o be_v very_o near_o the_o dyke_n of_o saint_n martin_n for_o there_o be_v but_o one_o little_a channel_n which_o divide_v they_o and_o therefore_o some_o affirm_v as_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o in_o former_a time_n they_o be_v two_o island_n although_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v but_o one_o in_o the_o which_o be_v two_o good_a little_a town_n both_o well_o fortefied_a with_o
bulwark_n rampart_v and_o counterscarp_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n tolen_n this_o town_n show_v the_o effect_n by_o the_o name_n be_v the_o towle_z or_o custom_n of_o merchandise_n due_a unto_o the_o prince_n and_o now_o unto_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o country_n who_o choose_v the_o officer_n of_o justice_n as_o bailiff_n sheriff_n and_o other_o saint_n martin_n dyke_n be_v a_o pretty_a town_n some_o time_n belong_v to_o adolph_n of_o bourgogne_n siegnior_n of_o beuren_n the_o which_o come_v afterward_o to_o the_o house_n of_o buren_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o philip_n of_o nassau_n prince_n of_o orange_n earl_n of_o buren_n by_o his_o mother_n in_o this_o territory_n be_v the_o village_n of_o saint_n annelandt_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o good_a bourg_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o say_a prince_n join_v unto_o it_o be_v a_o little_a island_n call_v philip_n landt_n these_o be_v the_o four_o principal_a island_n with_o theâ—r_a town_n noort-bevelandt_a this_o island_n be_v drown_v as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1532._o in_o which_o inundation_n there_o perish_v the_o town_n of_o coortgeen_n and_o of_o cat_n the_o village_n of_o campen_n we_o will_v emelisse_n haemste_n and_o other_o be_v also_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n which_o cont_n philippe_n of_o hohenloo_n his_o brother_n in_o law_n within_o these_o ten_o year_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o they_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o fortefied_a it_o round_n about_o with_o good_a bank_n so_o as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v a_o good_a country_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n likely_a to_o be_v soon_o build_v again_o with_o goodly_a village_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v wolfers-dyck_n so_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n wolphart_n as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o dick_n of_o wolphart_n it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o these_o island_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v but_o three_o village_n wolfers_n dick_n sabbinghe_a and_o hogersdyck_n but_o there_o be_v good_a pasture_n for_o cattle_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o give_v to_o fish_v there_o be_v moreover_o in_o zeeland_n some_o other_o small_a island_n which_o be_v daily_o recover_v from_o the_o sea_n rise_v first_o like_o bank_n of_o sand_n so_o as_o see_v they_o thus_o rise_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o bear_v grass_n they_o send_v their_o sheep_n over_o to_o feed_v there_o whereas_o the_o shepherd_n have_v little_a lodge_n and_o for_o their_o cattle_n they_o make_v great_a barn_n or_o stable_n where_o they_o lie_v dry_a in_o foul_a weather_n and_o there_o the_o owner_n provide_v they_o have_v before_o winter_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o these_o island_n of_o zeeland_n have_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o sea_n long_o before_o charles_n martel_n duke_n of_o brabant_n father_n to_o king_n pepinne_v of_o france_n wherein_o the_o dane_n labour_v much_o who_o in_o those_o day_n have_v continual_a war_n against_o the_o french_a and_o great_a brittany_n for_o they_o do_v choose_v these_o sand-hill_n as_o a_o safe_a retreat_n for_o their_o incursion_n upon_o the_o neighbour_n country_n which_o they_o make_v their_o rendezvous_n make_v it_o the_o magasin_n of_o their_o spoil_n first_o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o isle_n of_o walchren_n the_o which_o they_o do_v fortify_v as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n before_o which_o enterprise_n they_o make_v many_o high_a mount_n of_o earth_n as_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v here_o and_o there_o which_o remain_v unprofitable_a some_o near_a unto_o town_n apply_v to_o the_o use_n of_o garden_n unto_o which_o mount_n be_v any_o extraordinary_a tide_n they_o do_v drive_v their_o cattle_n and_o retire_v thither_o themselves_o until_o the_o water_n have_v fall_v and_o then_o they_o return_v to_o their_o lodging_n these_o dane_n or_o noortman_n have_v thus_o recover_v the_o country_n begin_v to_o tille_n it_o especial_o after_o the_o descent_n of_o their_o great_a captain_n duke_n rollo_n who_o be_v head_n of_o the_o norman_a nation_n in_o france_n but_o in_o the_o end_n the_o dane_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o great_a britain_n they_o be_v chase_v also_o out_o of_o these_o island_n the_o which_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n be_v people_v and_o make_v civil_a and_o so_o after_o many_o accident_n revolution_n &_o quarrel_n in_o these_o watery_a part_n in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v by_o force_n make_v subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n be_v give_v unto_o they_o long_o before_o &_o make_v a_o county_n by_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o gentle_a as_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a his_o father_n have_v make_v holland_n a_o county_n and_o give_v it_o to_o thierry_n the_o first_o lord_n of_o these_o two_o earldom_n but_o after_o that_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n have_v give_v unto_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n this_o island_n of_o walchren_n and_o other_o small_a neighbour_n land_n there_o fall_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o hollander_n especial_o that_o furious_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o whereas_o floris_n brother_n to_o cont_n william_n king_n of_o roman_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o cleves_n defeat_v the_o lady_n maguerit_fw-la contesse_n of_o f_o lander_n near_o unto_o walchren_n before_o the_o king_n come_v in_o which_o defeat_n as_o history_n report_v there_o be_v fifty_o thousand_o fleming_n slay_v as_o many_o drown_v and_o almost_o as_o many_o prisoner_n who_o the_o victor_n entreat_v ignominious_o strip_v they_o naked_a among_o the_o prisoner_n be_v the_o two_o commander_n john_n and_o guy_n of_o dompierre_n son_n to_o the_o contesse_n marguerite_n with_o thybault_n earl_n of_o guise_n geffrie_n earl_n of_o bar_n and_o above_o 230._o noble_a man_n knight_n and_o man_n of_o account_n king_n william_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o this_o victory_n have_v such_o prisoner_n will_v not_o give_v ear_n to_o any_o condition_n of_o peace_n but_o such_o as_o he_o propound_v to_o the_o contesse_n which_o she_o will_v not_o yield_v unto_o but_o the_o king_n be_v slay_v two_o year_n after_o in_o freezeland_n a_o peace_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o contesse_n and_o floris_n brother_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n uncle_n and_o gardien_fw-mi to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n name_v florence_o the_o five_o by_o the_o which_o peace_n it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n pay_v great_a ransom_n and_o that_o the_o young_a cont_n florence_o shall_v marry_v beatrix_n niece_n to_o the_o contesse_n marguerite_n daughter_n to_o cont_n guy_n her_o elder_a son_n by_o which_o accord_n and_o marriage_n the_o fleming_n do_v transport_v and_o give_v in_o marriage_n to_o the_o say_v beatrix_n all_o such_o right_n and_o pretension_n as_o they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n and_o in_o the_o conty_n of_o alost_n but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o counterfeit_a peace_n and_o of_o small_a continuance_n for_o that_o guy_n of_o dompierre_n be_v earl_n of_o flanders_n can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n shall_v enjoy_v this_o island_n of_o walchren_n but_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n to_o his_o great_a dishonour_n and_o prejudice_n the_o which_o can_v never_o have_v any_o end_n until_o that_o all_o thâ—_n seigneury_n of_o henault_n holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o burgonne_v at_o one_o instant_a in_o a_o mâ—nner_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n under_o the_o good_a duke_n philip._n the_o estate_n of_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n and_o of_o the_o town_n of_o the_o land_n of_o walchren_n schowen_n zuit-bevelandt_a tolen_n noort_n bevelandt_fw-ge new_o recover_v from_o the_o sea_n duyvelandt_n wolfersdick_n and_o philâ—ipslandt_n whereof_o prince_n maurice_n be_v governor_n &_o admiral_n general_a which_o estate_n hold_v their_o general_a assembly_n in_o the_o town_n of_o middelbourg_n whereas_o common_o the_o college_n of_o their_o deputy_n do_v reside_v who_o assemble_v every_o day_n to_o treat_v and_o determine_v of_o all_o occurrent_n touch_v the_o estate_n or_o otherwise_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o court_n of_o zealand_n in_o the_o say_a town_n the_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o abbey_n of_o s._n martin_n at_o which_o college_n do_v first_o appear_v by_o his_o deputy_n the_o say_a prince_n maurice_n in_o quality_n of_o marquis_n of_o la_fw-fr veer_fw-mi the_o first_o gentleman_n of_o zealand_n speak_v for_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o zealand_n than_o the_o treasoror_n general_a of_o the_o country_n then_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o town_n of_o middelbourg_n zirczee_n la-vere_n flissinghe_a tergoe_v &_o tolen_n
of_o france_n unto_o s._n wildeboord_n the_o first_o bishop_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o emperor_n to_o his_o successor_n all_o under_o a_o colour_n of_o piety_n which_o estate_n do_v consist_v of_o two_o diocese_n the_o one_o call_v the_o low_a diocese_n where_o be_v the_o capitol_n town_n of_o vtrecht_n wick-ter-duyrsted_n call_v batavodurum_n amersfort_n rhenen_n and_o montfort_n with_o above_o sixty_o borough_n and_o village_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o high_a diocese_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o country_n of_o ouerissel_n where_o there_o be_v fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o town_n whereof_o the_o three_o imperial_a and_o hans_n town_n be_v deventer_n campen_n and_o swolle_n the_o which_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n now_o make_v a_o province_n a_o part_n which_o we_o will_v describe_v hereafter_o the_o low_a diocese_n be_v good_a and_o fertile_a better_o manure_v then_o the_o upper_a a_o high_a ground_n and_o much_o dry_a than_o holland_n which_o be_v near_a neighbour_n unto_o it_o to_o describe_v which_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o chief_a town_n vtrecht_n be_v first_o as_o some_o write_v it_o call_v antonia_n or_o antonina_n of_o one_o antony_n a_o roman_a senator_n who_o fly_v nero_n tyranny_n retire_v into_o that_o quarter_n and_o do_v begin_v this_o place_n other_o say_v that_o marc_n antony_n be_v the_o founder_n from_o who_o it_o take_v the_o name_n some_o also_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o antoninus_n pius_n but_o be_v it_o what_o it_o may_v it_o be_v most_o sure_a as_o many_o affirm_v and_o as_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o medalle_n and_o other_o antiquity_n that_o this_o town_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n call_v antonina_n whereof_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o mark_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o townhouse_n after_o that_o the_o wilte_n have_v take_v and_o ruin_v it_o they_o build_v a_o fort_n which_o they_o call_v wiltenbourg_n the_o which_o be_v take_v by_o dagobert_n son_n to_o clotaire_n king_n of_o france_n who_o do_v fortify_v it_o more_o than_o before_o and_o call_v it_o traiectum_fw-la for_o it_o be_v a_o travers_n or_o passage_n whereas_o a_o impost_n be_v pay_v which_o in_o many_o place_n in_o france_n they_o call_v le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr travers_n the_o due_a or_o right_n of_o travers_n or_o passage_n for_o all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v carry_v and_o recarry_v on_o either_o side_n and_o it_o retain_v at_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o traiectum_fw-la it_o stand_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rind_n the_o which_o pass_v direct_o there_o before_o that_o they_o force_v it_o in_o make_v a_o scluse_n at_o wicter-duyrsted_n some_o eight_o hundred_o year_n since_o to_o cast_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n of_o leck_n pass_v through_o which_o town_n it_o do_v pierce_v through_o woerden_n oudwater_n and_o leyden_n and_o do_v engulf_n into_o the_o sea_n at_o catwick_n yea_o since_o it_o have_v a_o other_o course_n the_o water_n and_o channel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o say_a town_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o old_a rhine_n it_o be_v a_o admirable_a thing_n that_o this_o town_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o they_o may_v go_v to_o what_o town_n they_o please_v of_o fifty_o which_o lie_v round_o about_o they_o in_o a_o day_n the_o which_o be_v show_v visible_a to_o philip_n the_o 2._o king_n of_o spain_n be_v upon_o the_o place_n he_o take_v a_o wonderful_a delight_n and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o nobleman_n which_o lay_v great_a wager_n for_o the_o trial_n thereof_o and_o find_v it_o true_a moreover_o in_o one_o of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o summer_n if_o one_o part_n early_o in_o a_o morning_n from_o vtrecht_n he_o may_v dine_v at_o any_o one_o of_o 26._o town_n where_o he_o please_v &_o return_v to_o his_o own_o house_n to_o supper_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o in_o the_o year_n 1542._o cause_v a_o castle_n to_o be_v build_v near_o unto_o s._n catherins_n port_n to_o keep_v the_o town_n in_o awe_n when_o as_o by_o the_o session_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o place_n he_o be_v put_v in_o temporal_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a town_n &_o the_o dependence_n the_o which_o he_o call_v vredenbourg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o castle_n of_o peace_n the_o city_n be_v great_a &_o mighty_a well_o fortify_v with_o ten_o good_a bulwark_n flank_v one_o another_o with_o their_o counterscarp_n and_o ditche_n all_o of_o mason_n work_n and_o the_o rampart_v in_o like_a manner_n some_o bulwark_n be_v also_o of_o stone_n the_o rest_n only_o of_o earth_n there_o be_v goodly_a building_n furnish_v with_o cave_n &_o vaunted_a seller_n there_o be_v also_o goodly_a church_n among_o the_o which_o there_o be_v five_o that_o have_v chanoin_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v call_v saint_n martin_n the_o second_o saint_n saviour_n near_o unto_o it_o but_o now_o pull_v down_o the_o 3._o saint_n peter_n the_o 4._o saint_n john_n and_o the_o 5._o of_o our_o lady_n found_v by_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n barberossa_n have_v be_v enjoin_v thereunto_o by_o the_o pope_n to_o expiate_v the_o fault_n which_o he_o have_v commit_v in_o ruine_v the_o town_n and_o all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o milan_n but_o above_o all_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v stately_a have_v a_o fair_a high_a goodly_a tower_n transparent_a in_o the_o which_o the_o say_a emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o do_v celebrate_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n in_o the_o year_n 1546._o the_o old_a temple_n be_v pull_v down_o by_o the_o bishop_n adelbold_n for_o that_o he_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v too_o little_a and_o do_v reedefie_v it_o in_o the_o estate_n we_o now_o see_v it_o this_o new_a temple_n be_v consecrate_v in_o the_o year_n 1023._o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o 2._o by_o 12._o bishop_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o town_n two_o commander_n one_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o teuton_n under_o the_o great_a master_n of_o prussia_n both_o have_v church_n and_o very_o stately_a lodging_n either_o of_o they_o have_v his_o commander_n he_o of_o malta_n be_v call_v the_o bailiff_n of_o s._n catherins_n and_o the_o other_o carry_v the_o name_n of_o commander_n or_o great_a prior_n of_o the_o province_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v under_o he_o many_o small_a commandery_n and_o great_a possession_n in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o netherlands_o they_o hold_v a_o honourable_a rank_n and_o do_v good_a to_o many_o which_o be_v entertain_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o these_o man_n as_o chanoin_n abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v in_o the_o say_a town_n who_o although_o there_o be_v no_o other_o public_a exercise_n then_o of_o the_o reform_a religion_n hold_v their_o prebend_n and_o entertainment_n the_o cloister_n within_o precinct_n of_o the_o town_n stand_v as_o they_o do_v except_o the_o house_n of_o beg_a friar_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o other_o use_n of_o which_o abbay_n and_o cloister_n there_o be_v that_o of_o saint_n paul_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n benet_n and_o two_o of_o gentlewoman_n there_o be_v also_o three_o of_o gentlewoman_n without_o the_o town_n but_o these_o last_o war_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o ruin_n fear_v to_o leave_v lodging_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v to_o near_a the_o town_n but_o the_o nun_n enjoy_v their_o entertainment_n and_o when_o any_o monk_n or_o nun_n die_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o province_n put_v other_o in_o their_o place_n to_o ease_v the_o poor_a sort_n of_o the_o gentry_n the_o citizen_n of_o this_o city_n be_v courteous_a civil_a industrious_a and_o rich_a among_o who_o there_o be_v and_o have_v always_o be_v man_n that_o be_v virtuous_a and_o of_o great_a valour_n and_o above_o all_o pope_n adrian_n the_o six_o of_o that_o name_n first_o of_o all_o a_o doctor_n of_o both_o law_n whereon_o he_o have_v write_v goodly_a work_n and_o withal_o he_o be_v a_o great_a mathematician_n he_o obtain_v in_o the_o university_n of_o louvain_n where_o he_o study_v long_o without_o seek_v it_o diverse_a degree_n of_o honour_n and_o not_o without_o profit_n and_o so_o spare_v his_o revenue_n he_o found_v and_o build_v a_o college_n which_o at_o this_o day_n do_v honour_v his_o memory_n who_o fame_n be_v so_o please_v to_o all_o man_n as_o he_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v schoolmaster_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o in_o his_o infancy_n by_o who_o majesty_n he_o be_v send_v ambassador_n into_o spain_n to_o the_o king_n don_n fernando_n of_o arragon_n who_o for_o his_o meritte_n make_v he_o bishop_n of_o tortoso_n be_v afterwards_o recommend_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o he_o be_v make_v cardinal_n the_o king_n don_n fernando_n and_o
unto_o the_o port_n and_o not_o far_o from_o it_o whereas_o a_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n may_v lie_v safe_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n that_o be_v enlarge_v be_v fortify_v with_o good_a rampart_v and_o bulwark_n there_o be_v two_o channel_n which_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o old_a haven_n pass_v through_o the_o town_n whereof_o the_o one_o go_v to_o franiker_n a_o league_n from_o thence_o from_o whence_o at_o all_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n boat_n do_v go_v with_o passenger_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n this_o town_n be_v thus_o situate_v upon_o the_o sea_n have_v the_o best_a haven_n and_o near_a unto_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o other_o in_o all_o friesland_n where_o they_o be_v rich_a merchant_n who_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a trade_n in_o the_o country_n adventure_v much_o in_o long_a voyage_n for_o the_o which_o they_o make_v goodly_a ship_n sneck_v be_v a_o good_a little_a country_n town_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a three_o league_n from_o leuwarden_n and_o one_o from_o ilst_n the_o which_o have_v deputy_n also_o at_o the_o estate_n of_o friesland_n heretofore_o it_o have_v goodly_a cloister_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o town_n the_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v all_o ruin_a and_o apply_v to_o other_o use_n and_o their_o revenue_n employ_v to_o the_o common_a cause_n or_o to_o some_o work_n of_o hospitality_n piety_n or_o school_n it_o be_v honour_v for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o doctor_n hopperus_n be_v bear_v who_o have_v write_v many_o goodly_a work_n with_o great_a credit_n and_o have_v join_v practice_n &_o wisdom_n to_o his_o knowledge_n for_o which_o respect_n he_o be_v first_o of_o the_o prive_a counsel_n for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n at_o brussels_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v call_v into_o spain_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o tisevach_n precedent_n of_o the_o counsel_n of_o estate_n for_o the_o netherlands_o sloten_n a_o little_a town_n near_o unto_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o zuyderzee_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n part_n upon_o the_o sea_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o staveren_n it_o have_v no_o other_o trade_n then_o navigation_n and_o that_o which_o depend_v on_o the_o sea_n ilst_n stand_v upon_o the_o west_n half_o a_o league_n from_o sneeke_n and_o upon_o the_o nortw_a a_o league_n from_o bolswaert_n on_o the_o south_n side_n as_o far_o from_o sloten_n it_o be_v a_o open_a town_n yet_o have_v it_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o large_a ditch_n which_o may_v defend_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o insolent_a person_n it_o consist_v of_o two_o long_a rank_n of_o fair_a house_n from_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n through_o the_o which_o do_v pass_v a_o channel_n the_o which_o on_o either_o bank_n be_v plant_v with_o high_a tree_n which_o do_v beautify_v the_o town_n there_o be_v but_o one_o parish_n church_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o covent_n of_o carmelites_n be_v ruin_v in_o these_o last_o trouble_n but_o the_o temple_n stand_v still_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o antiquity_n of_o friesland_n that_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o three_o this_o town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o country_n famous_a for_o their_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n now_o it_o be_v the_o storehouse_n for_o ship-timber_n for_o such_o vessel_n as_o pass_v from_o one_o place_n unto_o a_o other_o within_o the_o country_n more_o than_o to_o any_o other_o town_n in_o friesland_n albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n according_a to_o the_o donation_n make_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o of_o the_o hereditary_a government_n of_o friesland_n take_v possession_n of_o that_o town_n as_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n of_o westergoe_v and_o moreover_o be_v near_o unto_o that_o of_o the_o seven_o forest_n after_o that_o he_o have_v raze_v the_o siege_n and_o free_v his_o son_n at_o franiker_n he_o become_v in_o a_o manner_n master_n of_o all_o friesland_n worcum_fw-la to_o speak_v true_o be_v but_o a_o good_a bourough_n yet_o have_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n join_v upon_o the_o sea_n enter_v into_o it_o by_o a_o great_a scluse_n which_o pierce_v the_o bank_n a_o league_n from_o bolswaert_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v go_v thither_o both_o by_o water_n and_o by_o land_n it_o have_v also_o a_o channel_n from_o one_o end_n unto_o a_o other_o which_o go_v unto_o the_o say_a scluse_n according_a to_o the_o situation_n it_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v good_a mean_n to_o live_v in_o and_o good_a cheap_a it_o be_v govern_v by_o bourguemaister_n and_o alderman_n but_o for_o all_o matter_n of_o justice_n it_o resort_v to_o the_o provincial_a council_n at_o leuwaerden_n hindelopen_fw-la so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o retreat_n of_o the_o wild_a beast_n at_o such_o time_n as_o friesland_n be_v half_a forest_n which_o they_o do_v call_v hinden_n in_o their_o country_n language_n and_o loopen_n which_o be_v to_o run_v which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o course_n and_o recourse_n of_o stag_n and_o hind_n it_o be_v first_o a_o place_n for_o hunt_v then_o by_o a_o little_a and_o a_o little_a make_v a_o village_n and_o the_o sea_n eat_v up_o to_o it_o which_o give_v it_o a_o good_a road_n it_o become_v a_o bourough_n well_o know_v at_o this_o day_n for_o their_o navigation_n which_o be_v the_o people_n chief_a practice_n have_v describe_v the_o two_o principal_a quarter_n of_o friesland_n that_o be_v ostergoe_v and_o westergoe_v with_o their_o town_n we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o seven_o forest_n this_o quarter_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o seven_o forest_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v there_o but_o now_o turn_v for_o the_o most_o part_n into_o pasture_n and_o land_n for_o tillage_n which_o make_v the_o three_o quarter_n of_o friesland_n consist_v of_o eight_o greteny_n or_o baylywick_n all_o which_o together_o have_v seventy_o five_o village_n among_o the_o which_o there_o be_v good_a borroughs_n the_o which_o joint_o have_v their_o deputy_n be_v they_o gryetman_n or_o other_o at_o the_o ordinary_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a province_n in_o the_o town_n of_o leuwaerden_n these_o name_n shall_v be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o reader_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strangeness_n thereof_o to_o set_v down_o in_o write_v the_o appellation_n of_o all_o the_o greteny_n of_o the_o three_o quarter_n of_o friesland_n be_v in_o number_n 28._o the_o which_o i_o can_v term_v more_o proper_o than_o bailywick_n &_o their_o grietman_n bailiff_n there_o be_v some_o island_n depend_v upon_o frisand_n among_o the_o which_o amelandt_n &_o schellinck_fw-mi be_v the_o chief_a the_o first_o belong_v to_o a_o particular_a lord_n who_o during_o the_o trouble_n have_v hold_v it_o free_a and_o neural_a pay_v some_o contribution_n unto_o the_o admiralty_n of_o dunkirk_n so_o as_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a island_n may_v sail_v free_o to_o all_o place_n as_o also_o the_o dunkirk_n may_v go_v and_o refresh_v themselves_o in_o the_o say_a island_n there_o be_v three_o good_a village_n in_o the_o say_a island_n beside_o amelandt_n whereas_o the_o signior_n have_v his_o lodging_n recover_v from_o the_o sea_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n have_v also_o within_o these_o thirty_o year_n a_o good_a portion_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o call_v the_o bildt_n which_o be_v now_o well_o defend_v with_o dikes_n and_o be_v make_v the_o fertile_a quarter_n in_o all_o friesland_n where_o they_o have_v appoint_v a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n for_o it_o be_v of_o great_a profit_n and_o revenue_n there_o be_v in_o diverse_a part_n of_o friesland_n turf_n some_o hard_a and_o firm_a other_o more_o light_n which_o make_v not_o so_o good_a coal_n as_o the_o first_o and_o whereas_o they_o have_v no_o turf_n the_o peasant_n use_v the_o dung_n of_o their_o cattle_n with_o which_o they_o cut_v reed_n very_o small_a and_o mingle_v it_o together_o and_o then_o they_o dry_v it_o for_o the_o winter_n they_o say_v that_o bacon_n dry_v with_o this_o fire_n be_v more_o firm_a than_o any_o other_o this_o country_n yield_v many_o good_a and_o strong_a horse_n which_o be_v transport_v through_o all_o europe_n as_o also_o great_a ox_n and_o very_o fat_a their_o cow_n be_v very_o fertile_a the_o which_o do_v often_o bring_v forth_o two_o calf_n at_o once_o &_o the_o ewe_n two_o or_o three_o lamb_n and_o sometime_o four_o together_o where_o the_o sheep_n be_v very_o big_a of_o body_n but_o not_o so_o sweet_a and_o savoury_a as_o those_o of_o berry_n arthois_n cempenie_n in_o brabant_n which_o have_v a_o dry_a feed_n and_o be_v less_o overyssell_n this_o conty_n of_o oueryssell_n in_o former_a time_n under_o the_o principallitie_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v then_o call_v
also_o comprehend_v they_o of_o cleves_n mont_n marck_n &_o julliers_n all_o neighbour_n to_o the_o rhine_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o part_n of_o the_o river_n of_o mouse_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o country_n of_o the_o eburones_n and_o the_o modern_a geldrois_fw-mi come_v &_o join_v with_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o rhine_n never_o unto_o lovestein_n and_o then_o retain_v the_o sole_a name_n of_o mouse_n wash_v the_o town_n of_o dordrecht_n rotterdam_n schiedam_n vlaerdingen_n and_o the_o brill_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o so_o into_o the_o great_a ocean_n the_o which_o sydonius_n appolinaris_n a_o excellent_a poet_n in_o his_o time_n do_v witness_n by_o these_o verse_n sic_fw-la ripa_n duplicis_fw-la tumore_fw-la fracta_fw-la detonsus_fw-la vahalim_fw-la bibat_fw-la sycamber_n so_o when_o the_o double_a swell_n break_v the_o brink_n wahal_n shall_v be_v the_o shear_v sicambrian_n drink_n but_o no_o man_n can_v direct_o say_v when_o or_o how_o these_o menapian_n &_o sicambrian_n be_v divide_v in_o these_o province_n thus_o distinguish_v by_o which_o distinction_n they_o have_v lose_v their_o ancient_a name_n this_o province_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v geldres_n and_o the_o other_o cleves_n juilliers_n mont_n marck_n liege_n yea_o &_o westphalia_n the_o etymology_n of_o which_o name_n of_o geldres_n seem_v ridiculous_a unto_o i_o as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o holland_n i_o will_v rather_o hold_v with_o they_o which_o maintain_v that_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v take_v his_o name_n of_o gelduba_n a_o town_n in_o old_a time_n seat_v upon_o the_o rhine_n whereof_o tacitus_n make_v honourable_a mention_n but_o at_o this_o day_n there_o remain_v no_o memory_n thereof_o munster_n hold_v it_o for_o most_o certain_a that_o the_o first_o lord_n of_o this_o country_n who_o long_o after_o carry_v no_o high_a title_n then_o of_o advocate_n then_o of_o earl_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o duke_n be_v two_o brethren_n issue_v from_o the_o french_a wyncard_a and_o lâ—â—old_a du_fw-fr pont_n who_o build_v a_o castle_n call_v pont-gelder_n which_o castle_n have_v long_o retain_v that_o name_n of_o pont_n and_o be_v now_o join_v to_o the_o town_n of_o geldre_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n have_v at_o this_o day_n towards_o the_o north_n the_o country_n of_o friesland_n to_o the_o norwe_v the_o zuyderzee_n upon_o the_o south_n the_o river_n of_o mouse_n join_v upon_o it_o and_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n to_o the_o southeast_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o juilller_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o the_o duchie_a of_o cleves_n the_o which_o divide_v it_o into_o two_o very_a unequal_a part_n &_o to_o the_o west_n be_v holland_n and_o the_o siegneurie_n of_o vtrecht_n this_o province_n be_v plain_a and_o of_o a_o goodly_a situation_n have_v few_o mountain_n but_o main_a heath_n &_o great_a store_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v both_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a among_o the_o which_o be_v that_o of_o echterwald_n all_o their_o soil_n or_o ground_n for_o tillage_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o corn_n and_o the_o pasture_n fat_a for_o cattle_n especial_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n wahal_n issel_n and_o meuse_n lewis_n guichardin_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o our_o time_n confound_v the_o earldom_n of_o zutphen_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n as_o we_o will_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n and_o not_o confound_v it_o with_o that_o of_o gelder_n the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n contain_v the_o town_n of_o arnhem_n zutphen_n nymegen_n and_o ruremond_n which_o be_v the_o four_o chief_a of_o the_o whole_a country_n make_v the_o four_o quarter_n of_o these_o two_o province_n &_o be_v situate_v as_o we_o will_v show_v upon_o four_o diverse_a river_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o four_o several_a bishop_n then_o be_v the_o town_n of_o venlo_n upon_o the_o mouse_n geldres_n stralen_n wachkendonck_n and_o erkelens_n in_o the_o champain_n country_n then_o there_o be_v hatten_n upon_o the_o issell_n elbruch_n and_o harderwyck_n upon_o the_o zuyderzee_n wageningen_n upon_o the_o rhine_n tyel_n and_o bomel_n upon_o the_o wahal_n there_o be_v many_o town_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v wall_v in_o but_o through_o diverse_a accident_n and_o disaster_n they_o be_v now_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n spoil_v &_o in_o theâ—e_n last_o war_n some_o have_v be_v utter_o ruin_v yet_o as_o touch_v that_o little_a which_o remain_v they_o do_v still_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o town_n as_o keppel_n burch_n ghendt_fw-ge batenburch_n montfort_n &_o each_o with_o other_o whereof_o we_o will_v make_v mention_n come_v to_o their_o quarter_n with_o the_o which_o there_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o village_n have_v steeple_n &_o the_o right_n of_o parish_n the_o estate_n of_o this_o duchy_n consist_v upon_o three_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o baron_n who_o they_o call_v vry_n heren_n of_o the_o noble_n who_o they_o call_v redderschap_n and_o of_o the_o four_o foresay_a chief_a town_n which_o estate_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v fall_v from_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n hold_v their_o college_n in_o the_o town_n of_o arnham_n whereas_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o chancery_n and_o the_o chamber_n of_o accompt_n remain_v as_o well_o for_o the_o duchy_n as_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n wherefore_o although_o it_o may_v displease_v nymegen_n as_o the_o last_o member_n add_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o arnham_n as_o the_o chief_a town_n and_o describe_v all_o the_o other_o town_n in_o particular_a according_a to_o their_o dignity_n arnham_n this_o town_n be_v in_o old_a time_n call_v arnacum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n and_o somewhat_o spacious_a seat_v upon_o the_o right_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o which_o be_v fossa_n drusiana_n which_o be_v now_o call_v issel_n dort_n whereas_o drusus_n to_o keep_v his_o soldier_n from_o idleness_n cause_v they_o to_o begin_v to_o dig_v a_o channel_n which_o draw_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o rhine_n it_o fall_v into_o a_o little_a river_n call_v issell_n near_o unto_o dousbourg_n in_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n the_o which_o he_o do_v build_v and_o call_v it_o by_o his_o own_o name_n that_o he_o may_v have_v a_o short_a passage_n by_o water_n to_o go_v and_o make_v war_n against_o the_o frison_n which_o channel_n or_o little_a river_n do_v so_o increase_v in_o a_o short_a time_n as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v grow_v very_o great_a &_o be_v call_v issel_n pass_v before_o the_o town_n of_o dousbourg_n bronchor_v zutphen_n deventer_n and_o campen_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o zuyder_n sea_n this_o town_n of_o arnham_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o estate_n and_o siegneury_n of_o the_o veluwe_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n under_o which_o town_n be_v the_o town_n of_o hattem_n harderwyck_n elbruch_n &_o wageningen_n all_o wall_a with_o many_o village_n burrow_n and_o castle_n with_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o particular_a officer_n subject_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o drossart_n or_o lieutenant_n general_a of_o that_o quarter_n compass_v in_o by_o the_o zuyderzee_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n for_o which_o cause_n fish_n abound_v there_o and_o be_v very_o good_a cheap_a beside_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o wood_n underwood_n and_o bush_n full_a of_o game_n for_o the_o pleasure_n of_o hunt_v near_o unto_o the_o say_a town_n of_o arnham_n be_v a_o other_o member_n of_o the_o duchy_n call_v velwe_n zoom_n the_o which_o extend_v near_o unto_o zutphin_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o other_o it_o reach_v near_o to_o wageningen_n in_o all_o which_o soil_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o mead_n and_o very_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a pasture_n which_o quarter_n have_v a_o particular_a officer_n which_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o arnham_n with_o four_o assistant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o veluwe_v the_o drossart_n have_v ten_o assistant_n or_o councillor_n whereas_o he_o keep_v his_o court_n of_o plea_n but_o touch_v the_o spiritualty_n the_o town_n of_o arnham_n with_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n before_o the_o trouble_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o this_o town_n the_o duke_n of_o geldres_n do_v in_o former_a time_n make_v their_o residence_n and_o there_o they_o be_v entomb_v in_o the_o great_a church_n before_o the_o market_n place_n from_o whence_o they_o go_v unto_o the_o port_n which_o lead_v unto_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n the_o chancery_n &_o the_o council_n of_o gelder_n be_v establish_v there_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o in_o
good_a school_n there_o it_o have_v not_o much_o taste_v of_o the_o misery_n of_o these_o last_o war_n sometime_o it_o have_v maintain_v a_o small_a garrison_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n without_o any_o great_a charge_n unto_o they_o elburgh_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o zuyderzee_n like_v unto_o harderwick_n from_o the_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a two_o good_a league_n and_o as_o much_o from_o the_o town_n of_o campen_n in_o oueryssell_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a traffic_n but_o yet_o good_a cheap_a to_o live_v in_o and_o have_v during_o these_o war_n follow_v the_o same_o party_n that_o harderwick_n do_v hattem_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o good_a town_n though_o none_o of_o the_o great_a seat_v upon_o the_o left_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o yssell_n there_o be_v a_o goodly_a strong_a castle_n which_o have_v taste_v of_o the_o misery_n of_o these_o last_o war_n for_o the_o drossart_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o country_n think_v to_o deliver_v it_o into_o the_o spaniard_n hand_n be_v discover_v they_o think_v to_o make_v it_o good_a in_o this_o castle_n whereas_o the_o estate_n besiege_v they_o and_o the_o castle_n be_v so_o batter_v and_o tear_v with_o the_o canon_n whereof_o the_o mark_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v as_o they_o be_v force_v and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o arnham_n whereas_o they_o lose_v their_o head_n wagheninghen_n be_v a_o small_a ancient_a strong_a town_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o which_o cornelius_n tacitus_n call_v vada_n as_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o maâ—_n proper_o be_v so_o call_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n compass_v in_o of_o all_o side_n with_o moor_n and_o bog_n which_o make_v it_o in-accessible_a on_o those_o part_n it_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o town_n of_o arnham_n and_o nymeghen_fw-mi and_o four_o league_n from_o culenbourg_n tyel_n this_o town_n be_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n or_o bayliwick_n which_o they_o call_v tyelerweerd_v the_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o peninsula_n but_o since_o these_o last_o war_n derick-vick_a signior_n of_o soulen_n bailiff_n of_o the_o town_n and_o jurisdiction_n have_v cause_v a_o channel_n to_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o country_n to_o sail_v from_o the_o river_n of_o meuze_fw-fr into_o the_o wahal_n upon_o the_o right_a bank_n whereof_o the_o say_a town_n be_v build_v â—_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v tyelweerd_v be_v now_o make_v a_o island_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o entrance_n into_o it_o but_o by_o water_n or_o through_o the_o town_n it_o be_v strong_a by_o nature_n and_o by_o art_n through_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o say_a amptman_n or_o bailyffe_n who_o since_o the_o last_o trouble_n have_v make_v sharp_a war_n against_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o that_o garrison_n in_o the_o year_n 1528._o hold_v the_o party_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o gelder_n their_o prince_n the_o burguignon_n besiege_v it_o in_o the_o emperor_n name_n but_o it_o be_v so_o well_o defend_v as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v their_o siege_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o few_o soldier_n that_o be_v within_o it_o bommel_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a strong_a place_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o bommell-weerd_a which_o the_o rind_n and_o meuze_fw-fr do_v compass_n in_o make_v it_o a_o island_n the_o which_o they_o say_v be_v call_v by_o caesar_n insula_fw-la batavorum_fw-la if_o it_o extend_v no_o far_o the_o which_o we_o may_v say_v be_v now_o the_o high_a and_o low_a betuwe_n on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o ryne_n as_o far_o as_o tyel_n and_o beyond_o to_o haerwerden_v where_o at_o this_o present_a be_v the_o mighty_a fort_n of_o saint_n andrew_n whereof_o we_o will_v present_o make_v mention_n whereas_o the_o wahal_n and_o the_o meuze_fw-fr kiss_v as_o the_o pass_n join_v together_o at_o lovestein_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v bomels-weerd_a in_o one_o body_n the_o which_o soon_o after_o from_o gorrichom_n take_v the_o name_n of_o meruve_n until_o that_o have_v past_o dordrecht_n it_o resume_v his_o name_n of_o meuze_fw-fr and_o beneath_o bryell_n run_v into_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a village_n and_o castle_n among_o other_o rossem_fw-la whereas_o martin_n van_fw-mi rossem_fw-la seign_n ior_fw-fr of_o puydroyen_fw-fr be_v bear_v a_o famous_a captain_n in_o his_o time_n have_v be_v martial_a of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o duke_n charles_n of_o gelder_n and_o william_n of_o cleves_n who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1534._o do_v terrify_v the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n and_o think_v to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o they_o of_o lovuain_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1598._o archduke_n albert_n of_o austria_n be_v go_v into_o spain_n to_o fetch_v his_o spouse_n the_o infanta_n isabella_n daughter_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o and_o sister_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v leave_v during_o his_o absence_n cardinal_n andrew_n of_o austria_n to_o govern_v the_o netherlands_o which_o be_v give_v in_o marriage_n to_o the_o say_v isabella_n and_o don_n francisco_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n admiral_n of_o arragon_n for_o general_a of_o his_o army_n the_o which_o he_o send_v unto_o the_o frontier_n of_o germany_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o unite_a estate_n that_o way_n where_o have_v do_v what_o he_o list_v and_o take_v from_o the_o estate_n by_o siege_n the_o town_n of_o rhynberch_n and_o deutecom_v and_o then_o the_o fort_n of_o crevecaeur_n he_o pass_v to_o the_o say_a island_n of_o bommell_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n the_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o work_n at_o the_o fortification_n lie_v half_o open_a the_o which_o prince_n maurice_n understanding_n he_o post_v thither_o with_o all_o speed_n and_o assure_v it_o with_o his_o presence_n and_o force_n cause_v a_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v without_o the_o town_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n unto_o the_o other_o whereas_o he_o lodge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n whereupon_a the_o admiral_n see_v there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o force_v they_o he_o retire_v far_o into_o the_o island_n busi_v himself_o about_o the_o build_n of_o saint_n andrew_n fort_n so_o as_o the_o town_n of_o bommel_n be_v free_v in_o this_o town_n be_v bear_v that_o learned_a man_n elbert_n leoninus_n doctor_n of_o the_o law_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1601._o be_v chancellor_n of_o gelder_n and_o deputy_n for_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n be_v above_o 80._o year_n old_a he_o be_v sometime_o tutor_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n which_o now_o live_v s._n andrew_n this_o fort_n be_v so_o name_v by_o andrew_n of_o austria_n cardinal_n of_o constance_n be_v governor_n of_o the_o netherlands_o as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o archduke_n albert._n it_o be_v the_o mighty_a fort_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o all_o the_o netherlands_o for_o the_o building_n whereof_o the_o admiral_n of_o arragon_n disfurnish_v the_o whole_a island_n of_o tree_n it_o be_v comprehend_v in_o five_o bulwark_n after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o citadel_n of_o antwerp_n whereof_o three_o be_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o meuze_fw-fr and_o wahal_n and_o the_o two_o other_o towards_o haerwerden_n either_o of_o they_o have_v a_o cavalier_n or_o platform_n to_o defend_v it_o with_o broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n without_o the_o which_o be_v a_o counterscarpe_a the_o which_o have_v also_o a_o ditch_n round_o about_o it_o and_o small_a fort_n to_o warrant_v it_o especial_o whereas_o these_o two_o river_n embrace_v one_o a_o other_o towards_o tyler-weerd_a whereas_o the_o fort_n of_o nassau_n be_v set_v opposite_a to_o that_o of_o saint_n andrew_n in_o a_o corner_n which_o be_v also_o make_v a_o island_n by_o art_n be_v call_v voorne_n and_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o estate_n which_o two_o fort_n do_v daily_o salute_v one_o a_o other_o with_o their_o ordinance_n the_o admiral_n have_v finish_v this_o fort_n think_v thereby_o to_o keep_v the_o river_n of_o wahal_n and_o mouse_n and_o the_o whole_a island_n in_o subjection_n leave_v a_o garrison_n of_o 1500._o man_n in_o it_o with_o store_n of_o artillery_n and_o munition_n and_o then_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n to_o refresh_v it_o in_o brabant_n but_o prince_n maurice_n do_v not_o dissolve_v his_o army_n but_o keep_v it_o together_o all_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o in_o the_o town_n of_o bommel_n as_o in_o the_o trench_n and_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v lie_v by_o the_o spring_n time_n be_v come_v have_v recover_v the_o fort_n of_o crevecaeur_n he_o go_v to_o besiege_v that_o of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o which_o through_o want_n of_o victual_n be_v
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to_o be_v much_o admire_v be_v well_o provide_v of_o money_n he_o buy_v a_o fair_a house_n in_o the_o town_n and_o a_o castle_n call_v benningen_n half_a a_o league_n out_o of_o the_o town_n dwell_v sometime_o in_o the_o one_o and_o sometime_o in_o the_o other_o to_o augment_v his_o love_n and_o reputation_n with_o the_o citizen_n he_o match_v some_o of_o his_o child_n with_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o town_n endow_v they_o very_o rich_o still_o advance_v and_o teach_v in_o private_a his_o most_o damnable_a heresy_n confirm_v those_o that_o be_v absent_a by_o letter_n and_o book_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v print_v in_o his_o castle_n of_o beningen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o say_a town_n of_o basil_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556._o for_o mere_a grief_n that_o one_o of_o his_o follower_n be_v revolt_v fear_v that_o by_o his_o mean_n he_o may_v be_v discover_v and_o so_o punish_v before_o his_o death_n his_o disciple_n that_o think_v he_o to_o be_v god_n see_v he_o draw_v 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be_v likewise_o so_o store_v with_o sundry_a kind_n of_o foul_a that_o it_o be_v incredible_a but_o to_o they_o that_o know_v it_o this_o town_n be_v fair_o seat_v in_o a_o delicate_a prospective_n even_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o holland_n neat_o build_v and_o fit_a for_o the_o muse_n to_o dwell_v in_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o sate_z of_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1575._o after_o they_o be_v release_v of_o their_o long_a and_o dangerous_a siege_n erect_v a_o university_n there_o furnish_v it_o with_o profession_n in_o all_o language_n give_v they_o good_a and_o sufficient_a stipend_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o sufficient_o man_n in_o all_o profession_n that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o christendom_n as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o signior_n of_o l'escale_n clusius_n baudius_n and_o other_o profess_v philosophy_n physic_n and_o the_o law_n they_o want_v not_o also_o most_o excellent_a and_o learned_a divine_n have_v within_o this_o ten_o year_n lose_v three_o as_o rare_a one_o as_o any_o be_v in_o christendom_n to_o wit_v the_o lord_n of_o saint_n aldegond_a d._n francis_n junius_n and_o trelcatiusâ—_n professor_n in_o the_o greek_a and_o lattin_a tongue_n and_o in_o divinity_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v a_o old_a castle_n seat_v upon_o a_o high_a mote_n in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a large_a and_o deep_a well_o all_o of_o stone_n but_o now_o dry_a there_o be_v not_o a_o house_n in_o this_o castle_n to_o dwell_v in_o but_o compass_v about_o the_o more_o and_o above_o with_o some_o tree_n and_o although_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n yet_o it_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o janus_n douza_n a_o learned_a gentleman_n and_o poet_n of_o leyden_n have_v write_v of_o it_o in_o these_o verse_n putatur_fw-la engistus_fw-la brittanno_fw-mi orbe_fw-la redux_n posuisse_fw-la victor_n it_o be_v hold_v victorious_a hengist_n build_v i_o at_o his_o return_n from_o conquer_a brittany_n since_o call_v bourg_n of_o which_o come_v the_o name_n of_o burgrave_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v a_o earl_n of_o a_o town_n which_o we_o call_v viscount_n the_o title_n remain_v long_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wassenare_n who_o hold_v the_o viconty_n of_o leyden_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o rhyn-landt_a with_o the_o dependence_n both_o of_o it_o and_o ter-goud_a until_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1251._o after_o the_o death_n of_o vicont_n james_n his_o daughter_n christienne_n be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n who_o utter_o spoil_v it_o yet_o the_o possession_n thereof_o be_v deliver_v again_o by_o the_o countess_n jaqueline_n unto_o the_o say_a family_n of_o the_o wassenares_n but_o philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n succeed_v in_o the_o say_a county_n take_v it_o away_o again_o whereupon_a viscount_n james_n the_o son_n of_o henry_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n contest_v against_o the_o duke_n demand_v again_o his_o ancient_a patrimony_n but_o his_o mean_n be_v too_o weak_a against_o so_o puissant_a a_o prince_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o cease_v his_o title_n and_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o what_o it_o please_v the_o duke_n to_o give_v he_o which_o be_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o viscount_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n three_o parish_n church_n in_o saint_n pancratius_n there_o be_v a_o company_n of_o chanoin_n and_o in_o saint_n peter_n there_o be_v a_o lofe_z of_o bread_n turn_v to_o a_o stone_n safe_o keep_v in_o a_o place_n yrond_v about_o for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o accident_n and_o this_o it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1316._o a_o great_a famine_n happen_v in_o the_o town_n a_o poor_a woman_n go_v to_o her_o own_o sister_n that_o
by_o two_o brother_n bear_v in_o this_o town_n who_o equal_n in_o this_o art_n of_o paint_v have_v not_o to_o this_o hour_n be_v find_v the_o 12._o of_o january_n 1552._o the_o steeple_n of_o this_o church_n be_v burn_v by_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n of_o the_o date_n whereof_o d._n adrian's_n iwius_fw-la in_o his_o batavia_n have_v make_v this_o distique_a lux_n bissena_n fvit_fw-la jani_fw-la hora_fw-la vespere_fw-la nona_fw-la cum_o sacra_fw-la johannis_n wlcano_n corpvii_n aedes_fw-la the_o twelve_o of_o janvarâ—e_a saint_n johns_n spire_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n be_v much_o impaird_v with_o fire_n the_o which_o mischievous_a fire_n burn_v nothing_o but_o the_o say_a steeple_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o church_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o house_n but_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1438._o the_o 18._o of_o august_n upon_o saint_n lewis_n his_o day_n the_o town_n be_v whole_o burn_v except_o three_o house_n upon_o the_o haven_n the_o old_a ruin_n of_o they_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o time_n the_o old_a charter_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o town_n be_v burn_v whereupon_o this_o distique_a be_v make_v fletibvs_fw-la id_fw-la diaici_n qvia_n govda_n cre_n mat_n lvdowici_n sorrow_n allow_v with_o sigh_n proclaim_v that_o lodowick_n goude_n be_v all_o on_o flame_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o that_o about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o say_a town_n be_v find_v diverse_a piece_n of_o silver_n with_o this_o circumscription_n on_o the_o one_o side_n hludovicus_n imp._n and_o on_o the_o other_o cxristiana_n religio_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v coin_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o debonair_a the_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n charlemagne_n and_o the_o father_n of_o the_o emperor_n charlâ—s_n the_o bald_a who_o after_o he_o have_v settle_v christian_a religion_n in_o those_o part_n give_v the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n to_o thierry_n of_o aquitaine_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o town_n how_o florentius_n the_o five_o of_o that_o name_n earl_n of_o holland_n tell_v a_o knight_n call_v nicholas_n van_fw-mi cat_n that_o this_o town_n have_v beginning_n in_o the_o year_n 1272._o other_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n doctor_n adrianus_n junius_n 1262._o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o say_a town_n have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v long_a time_n before_o whereof_o many_o gentleman_n have_v take_v their_o name_n and_o chief_o among_o the_o rest_n thiery_n Ê‹ander_n goude_n one_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n to_o earl_n william_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o of_o vtrecht_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o show_v the_o like_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n out_o of_o the_o town_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o place_n where_o the_o church_n stand_v and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o old_a churchyard_n where_o during_o the_o romish_a superstition_n they_o use_v to_o go_v on_o procession_n in_o rogation_n week_n and_o likewise_o a_o way_n call_v the_o old_a goude_n but_o for_o that_o this_o place_n be_v too_o far_o from_o the_o river_n of_o issell_n the_o inhabitant_n for_o their_o more_o commodity_n remove_v from_o their_o former_a dwelling_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o town_n now_o stand_v the_o freedom_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o town_n at_o the_o beginning_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o within_o the_o port_n and_o wall_n with_o very_o little_a land_n without_o but_o be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1484._o much_o amplify_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o the_o archduke_n philip_n his_o son_n with_o at_o least_o a_o league_n of_o land_n in_o compass_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n of_o yssell_n the_o government_n of_o this_o town_n appertain_v heretofore_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o blois_n lord_n of_o the_o 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the_o low-countries_n john_n of_o beaumond_n lord_n of_o blois_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1456._o leave_v one_o only_a son_n likewise_o name_v john_n who_o be_v a_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonique_a or_o dutch_a order_n go_v into_o prussia_n against_o the_o infidel_n and_o there_o die_v leave_v two_o son_n john_n and_o guy_n earl_n of_o bloys_n and_o of_o soyson_n john_n of_o chastillon_n lord_n of_o goude_n scotfree_a and_o strong_a issue_v by_o his_o father_n from_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n and_o by_o his_o mother_n from_o the_o king_n of_o france_n marry_a madam_n mathilda_n duchess_n of_o gelder_n and_o countess_n of_o zutphen_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o house_n of_o bronchor_v and_o heecker_n assay_v to_o shut_v out_o the_o say_a lady_n from_o her_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n to_o remedy_v the_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o blois_n come_v into_o geldres_n accompany_v by_o many_o lord_n and_o knight_n and_o a_o good_a troop_n of_o soldier_n besiege_v wagheningen_n and_o groensvoerdt_n which_o he_o take_v and_o afterward_o in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lady_n his_o wife_n be_v receive_v into_o arnhem_n and_o acknowledge_v for_o lord_n and_o prince_n this_o lord_n and_o lady_n as_o duke_n of_o gelder_n give_v privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o goude_n to_o sail_v with_o their_o merchandise_n throughout_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n and_o earldom_n of_o zutphen_n free_o without_o either_o tax_n or_o toll_v this_o privilege_n be_v give_v in_o the_o town_n of_o arnham_n in_o the_o year_n of_o on_o lord_n 1372._o john_n of_o chastillion_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1381._o without_o child_n leave_v all_o his_o good_n to_o his_o brother_n guy_n of_o blois_n who_o marry_v mary_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o namur_n by_o who_o he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v lewis_n earl_n of_o dunois_n who_o die_v young_a at_o beaumond_n the_o two_o and_o twenty_o of_o december_n 1397._o after_o who_o death_n the_o right_a line_n of_o john_n of_o blois_n be_v extinct_a so_o that_o the_o signeury_n of_o goude_n and_o schoonhoven_n with_o their_o dependence_n which_o be_v call_v the_o baliage_n of_o the_o county_n of_o blois_n return_v to_o the_o country_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o albert_n of_o bavaria_n notwithstanding_o guy_n of_o blois_n leave_v a_o bastard_n call_v john_n of_o blois_n lord_n of_o treslon_n and_o henault_n who_o as_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o make_v mention_v have_v by_o his_o wife_n six_o son_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o town_n of_o goude_n dordrecht_n harlem_n delft_n and_o leyden_n with_o the_o knight_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o country_n represent_v the_o estate_n of_o holland_n and_o westfreezeland_n long_o before_o the_o town_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v receive_v for_o a_o member_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o diverse_a record_n and_o letter_n of_o state_n past_a under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_v five_o town_n together_o with_o the_o injury_n that_o they_o of_o amsterdam_n have_v do_v to_o they_o of_o goude_n upon_o the_o same_o the_o say_a town_n of_o goude_n for_o the_o good_a order_n which_o they_o have_v always_o hold_v in_o discipline_n and_o scholastical_a instruction_n have_v bring_v forth_o many_o great_a &_o learned_a personage_n to_o their_o eternal_a fame_n as_o henry_n and_o john_n of_o goude_n who_o trithemius_n abbot_n of_o spanheim_n put_v in_o rank_n of_o the_o rare_a writer_n william_n herman_n of_o goude_n who_o erasmus_n roterodamus_fw-la in_o his_o epistle_n call_v his_o delight_n a_o most_o excellent_a poet_n and_o historiographer_n hermanus_n goudanus_n a_o great_a divine_a jacobus_n goudanus_n a_o famous_a poet_n thâ—odorus_n gerardi_n reinerius_n suoy_n a_o phiâ—â—ion_n and_o historiographer_n who_o have_v all_o write_v learned_a work_n worthy_a to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o posterity_n but_o cornelius_n aurelius_n likewise_o bear_v in_o this_o town_n surpass_v they_o all_o in_o
seek_v to_o give_v they_o all_o the_o contentment_n they_o can_v devise_v the_o spaniard_n contrary_a to_o their_o faith_n and_o promise_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o murder_v a_o great_a number_n who_o they_o have_v cause_v to_o retire_v into_o a_o church_n in_o cold_a blood_n force_v and_o deflower_v the_o wife_n and_o virgin_n spoil_v the_o town_n and_o have_a carry_v away_o their_o booty_n they_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n the_o which_o be_v a_o good_a precedent_n for_o the_o other_o town_n of_o holland_n by_o the_o which_o the_o town_n of_o harlem_n and_o alcmar_n take_v example_n the_o first_o be_v as_o cruel_o entreat_v after_o their_o yield_v and_o the_o other_o so_o encourage_v to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o after_o a_o siege_n of_o six_o week_n and_o diverse_a assault_n the_o spaniard_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v to_o their_o dishonour_n and_o loss_n this_o town_n of_o naerden_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o bayliwicke_n of_o goeland_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n have_v often_o pretend_v to_o belong_v unto_o they_o but_o since_o it_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o revenue_n of_o holland_n gorrichom_n this_o town_n of_o gorchum_fw-la or_o gorrichom_n from_o a_o small_a beginning_n be_v grow_v to_o the_o greatness_n and_o state_n wherein_o you_o see_v it_o at_o this_o day_n for_o it_o take_v his_o name_n from_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o have_v their_o lodging_n or_o cabin_n along_o the_o river_n of_o lingen_n until_o it_o join_v with_o the_o mouse_n and_o wahal_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o poâ—uertie_n be_v in_o contempt_n call_v gorrikens_n who_o john_n of_o arckel_n the_o seven_o baron_n of_o that_o race_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n of_o arckel_n cause_v to_o come_v and_o dwell_v behind_o and_o about_o his_o castle_n where_o by_o degree_n he_o build_v a_o good_a town_n the_o which_o he_o wall_v in_o about_o the_o year_n 1230._o and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v retain_v their_o name_n of_o gorrikens_n he_o call_v this_o town_n gorrichom_n as_o 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common_a people_n do_v afterward_o term_n herkel_n and_o from_o that_o to_o arkel_n when_o the_o say_a town_n be_v obscure_v by_o the_o house_n of_o arkel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a war_n which_o their_o lord_n make_v against_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n charlesâ—uke_n â—uke_z of_o bourgongne_n cause_v a_o goodly_a castle_n to_o be_v build_v there_o upon_o the_o river_n nee_n â—_o unto_o the_o port_n of_o doâ—dâ—ect_n the_o which_o since_o these_o last_o trouble_n have_v be_v raze_v and_o fortify_v after_o a_o other_o manner_n so_o as_o there_o remain_v nothing_o but_o a_o place_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o custom_n it_o be_v so_o fortify_v with_o twelve_o bulwark_n beside_o half_a moon_n and_o counterscarp_n without_o it_o together_o with_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o one_o will_v say_v it_o be_v impregnable_a it_o be_v make_v half_o big_a than_o it_o be_v twenty_o year_n since_o the_o river_n of_o linghen_n run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v always_o full_a of_o ship_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o meruve_n and_o mingle_v itself_o with_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n and_o mouse_n all_o which_o together_o pass_v before_o dordrecht_n rotterdam_n delfshaven_n schiedam_n and_o the_o briele_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o british_a sea_n master_n john_n harry_n chanoine_n of_o the_o chapel_n at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o lover_n of_o pity_n virtue_n and_o learning_n as_o during_o his_o life_n he_o seek_v out_o with_o great_a care_n diligence_n and_o cost_n all_o book_n in_o all_o language_n and_o faculty_n when_o he_o come_v to_o reside_v at_o the_o hage_n he_o bring_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o book_n with_o he_o as_o the_o people_n think_v there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o holland_n wherewith_o he_o make_v a_o goodly_a library_n the_o which_o he_o do_v augment_v with_o great_a care_n even_o to_o his_o die_a day_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1â—32_n where_o of_o he_o make_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o â—rt_n his_o heir_n worcom_n although_o this_o town_n be_v out_o of_o the_o limitâ—s_n of_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n on_o brabant_n side_n right_a against_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o lovestein_n have_v a_o little_a low_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n the_o town_n of_o gorchom_n the_o which_o in_o ancient_a time_n do_v belong_v unto_o the_o earl_n of_o horn_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v confiscate_v and_o since_o it_o be_v quite_o burn_v but_o the_o estate_n of_o holland_n have_v seize_v thereon_o and_o fortify_v it_o with_o good_a rampart_v bulwark_n and_o ditch_n it_o have_v be_v new_o build_v and_o be_v make_v a_o fair_a town_n where_o the_o estate_n do_v entertain_v a_o ordinary_a garrison_n with_o a_o captain_n superintendent_n of_o late_a year_n the_o estate_n to_o cut_v of_o all_o controversy_n touch_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a town_n agree_v with_o the_o lady_n walburge_n countess_n of_o moeurs_fw-fr and_o nyeuwenaert_n widow_n to_o philip_n of_o montmorency_n the_o last_o earl_n of_o horn_n who_o sell_v they_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o say_a town_n with_o the_o castle_n and_o territory_n of_o altena_n not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n all_o drown_v but_o now_o it_o be_v a_o country_n full_a of_o good_a pasture_n so_o these_o two_o piece_n of_o worcom_n and_o altena_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n wherewith_o it_o be_v so_o much_o augment_v there_o be_v a_o other_o worcum_n in_o friesland_n upon_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o hindelopen_fw-la the_o which_o have_v the_o title_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n although_o it_o be_v but_o a_o boroughe_n without_o any_o wall_n but_o it_o be_v great_a and_o almost_o three_o thousand_o pace_n long_o heusden_n be_v a_o reasonable_a fair_a town_n and_o well_o build_v situate_v on_o brabant_n side_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o wahall_n with_o a_o goodly_a castle_n where_o the_o governor_n do_v reside_v the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v floris_n of_o brederode_n siegnior_n of_o cloetinge_v brother_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o brederode_n last_o decease_v who_o leave_v one_o son_n the_o only_a heir_n of_o all_o the_o house_n of_o brederode_n the_o siegnior_n of_o locren_n command_v there_o now_o for_o the_o estate_n it_o be_v long_o under_o a_o private_a lord_n they_o of_o brabant_n pretend_v it_o to_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o holland_n have_v hold_v it_o unto_o this_o day_n it_o have_v a_o large_a command_n leerdam_n this_o town_n be_v small_a yet_o wall_v in_o stand_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o lingen_n it_o have_v be_v so_o often_o ruin_v in_o the_o old_a war_n as_o they_o have_v have_v no_o great_a care_n to_o repair_v it_o so_o as_o it_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n it_o belong_v to_o philip_n of_o nassaw_n now_o prince_n of_o orange_n earl_n of_o buren_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n which_o be_v still_o maintain_v henclom_n henclom_o be_v a_o town_n seat_v also_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o lingen_n opposite_a to_o leerdam_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n and_o very_a ancient_a but_o go_v to_o decay_v it_o have_v a_o old_a castle_n which_o they_o say_v be_v build_v by_o hercules_n alemanicus_n but_o god_n best_a know_v how_o true_a it_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o this_o little_a town_n be_v descend_v from_o otto_n the_o young_a son_n to_o john_n the_o eight_o lord_n of_o arkel_n who_o give_v he_o this_o siegneurie_n in_o his_o life_n time_n asperen_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o same_o river_n of_o lingen_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v lyeven_v that_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o love_n for_o that_o the_o stream_n run_v so_o gentle_o in_o
the_o midst_n from_o one_o corner_n to_o another_o a_o tower_n all_o flank_v with_o great_a broad_a stone_n to_o resist_v the_o flow_a of_o the_o rind_n upon_o who_o bank_n it_o be_v seat_v some_o forty_o of_o these_o stone_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o year_n 1552._o the_o which_o be_v four_o foot_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a there_o be_v also_o piece_n of_o brick_n find_v a_o foot_n square_a on_o the_o which_o be_v these_o letter_n x._o g._n i._n which_o seem_v to_o signify_v ex_fw-la germania_n inferiori_fw-la moreover_o a_o other_o stone_n break_v at_o both_o the_o end_n in_o which_o there_o do_v yet_o remain_v these_o imperfect_a word_n ever_o pius_fw-la an._n max._n trib._n pot._n xiii_o ntonin_n pius_fw-la aec_fw-la milit._n leg._n i._n i_o euidiorum_fw-la there_o wear_v also_o piece_n of_o silver_n with_o this_o inscription_n l._n septimius_n severus_n pertinax_n aug._n imp._n beside_o there_o be_v a_o other_o stone_n all_o eat_v with_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o wind_n represent_v victory_n with_o wing_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n a_o eagle_n with_o these_o letter_n imp._n caes_n ant._n ne_fw-fr aug._n coh_o m._n to._n ru._n pe._n there_o be_v other_o stone_n one_o with_o a_o ship_n such_o as_o the_o saxon_n use_v in_o those_o time_n a_o other_o with_o a_o man_n face_n have_v a_o beard_n and_o long_a hair_n a_o other_o have_v the_o figure_n of_o hercules_n with_o his_o mace_n beside_o a_o other_o long_a stone_n break_v at_o one_o end_n whereas_o these_o word_n be_v comprehend_v brittanic_a germanic_a pius_fw-la faelix_fw-la augustus_n pont._n max._n trib._n pot._n xviii_o four_o p._n p._n imp._n iii_o aram._n a_o divo_fw-la claudio_n et_fw-la postea_fw-la a_o divo_o severo_fw-la patre_fw-la svo_fw-la restitutam_fw-la in_o the_o same_o year_n 1520._o there_o be_v a_o key_n find_v which_o they_o do_v suppose_v be_v that_o of_o the_o arsenal_n there_o be_v also_o find_v many_o figure_n vessel_n pot_n lamp_n and_o other_o square_a stone_n where_o there_o be_v grave_v x._o ger._n inf._n there_o have_v be_v also_o find_v piece_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o other_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o sixty_o two_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o arsenal_n be_v descover_v above_o twenty_o day_n together_o from_o whence_o the_o people_n thereabout_a draw_v many_o thousand_o of_o stone_n it_o have_v be_v descover_v again_o of_o late_a year_n but_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v bury_v much_o zeeland_n with_o the_o island_n town_n and_o bourroughes_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n have_v overrun_v these_o island_n as_o well_o as_o holland_n and_o other_o far_a region_n who_o as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o conqueror_n to_o impose_v new_a name_n to_o place_n which_o they_o have_v conquer_v especial_o the_o name_n of_o country_n and_o town_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v come_v some_o think_v have_v give_v this_o name_n of_o zeelandt_n of_o one_o of_o their_o chief_a island_n so_o call_v in_o the_o which_o be_v the_o royal_a town_n of_o coppenhagen_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o let_v we_o draw_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n itself_o zee_n signify_v the_o sea_n and_o landt_n country_n which_o be_v a_o country_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v there_o be_v no_o need_n then_o to_o make_v any_o further_a search_n for_o the_o etymology_n but_o we_o will_v content_v ourselves_o with_o it_o the_o county_n of_o zeelande_n which_o have_v now_o more_o power_n and_o authority_n than_o it_o ever_o have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n comprehend_v in_o seven_o principal_a island_n the_o which_o be_v walchren_n where_o middlebourg_n stand_v schoven_n and_o there_o be_v ziricxee_v zuytbevelandt_n where_o ter_n go_v be_v tertolen_v where_o there_o be_v the_o town_n of_o tolen_n noortbevelandt_n recover_v from_o the_o sea_n within_o these_o ten_o year_n duyvelandt_n and_o wolfersdick_n there_o be_v other_o small_a one_o whereof_o we_o make_v no_o mention_n those_o of_o walchren_n and_o schoven_n lie_v most_o open_a to_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n part_n on_o which_o side_n they_o be_v natural_o defend_v with_o these_o sandy_a hill_n which_o they_o call_v down_n and_o where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o they_o have_v make_v good_a and_o high_a bank_n strengthen_v with_o thick_a turf_n and_o wad_v of_o straw_n which_o bind_v they_o firm_o together_o the_o which_o they_o call_v dike_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n to_o repair_v and_o entertain_v they_o be_v very_o great_a and_o the_o time_n and_o toil_n they_o employ_v great_a but_o they_o observe_v a_o good_a order_n with_o such_o proportion_n as_o such_o as_o have_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v bear_v the_o charge_n for_o the_o entertain_n of_o these_o dike_n every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o portion_n all_o the_o country_n of_o zealand_n be_v fat_a and_o fertile_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o tillage_n but_o especial_o for_o fair_a white_a wheat_n and_o of_o a_o grain_n to_o die_v red_a which_o be_v a_o rich_a commodity_n and_o distribute_v through_o all_o europe_n there_o be_v also_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o turf_n for_o fyre_v which_o they_o call_v dary_n the_o which_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o cut_v near_o unto_o the_o dike_n for_o that_o it_o be_v their_o foundation_n and_o defence_n there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o poor_a sort_n that_o use_v it_o for_o that_o it_o yield_v a_o stink_a smoke_n there_o be_v general_o as_o pleasant_a and_o fat_a pasture_n for_o cattle_n as_o in_o holland_n but_o the_o better_a to_o know_v the_o whole_a country_n we_o must_v begin_v to_o describe_v the_o land_n and_o the_o particular_a town_n of_o every_o of_o they_o walachrie_n be_v in_o the_o country_n language_n call_v walchren_n the_o most_o famous_a and_o most_o rich_a of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o zealand_n not_o for_o the_o greatness_n for_o it_o have_v not_o ten_o league_n circuit_n but_o for_o the_o strength_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o seat_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n that_o inhabit_v it_o their_o great_a commerce_n and_o the_o greaâ—_n riches_n which_o the_o sea_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o navigation_n this_o island_n have_v four_o wall_a town_n middelbourg_n which_o be_v the_o metropolitaine_n of_o all_o zealand_n where_o the_o court_n remain_v flissing_n la_fw-fr vere_n teruere_n or_o camp_n vere_n which_o be_v all_o one_o and_o arnemuyden_n doubourg_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a town_n of_o zealand_n but_o now_o it_o be_v but_o a_o bourg_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o be_v situate_v yet_o it_o retain_v still_o the_o municipal_a privilege_n of_o a_o town_n we_o will_v then_o begin_v with_o middelbourg_n middelbourg_n some_o attribute_n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o town_n to_o one_o metellus_n a_o roman_a captain_n who_o first_o build_v the_o bourg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o castle_n the_o which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n whereas_o now_o the_o prison_n be_v of_o which_o mettellus_n by_o this_o castle_n it_o have_v be_v call_v metelli_n burgam_n and_o so_o middelbourg_n in_o ducth_z but_o let_v we_o leave_v this_o definition_n and_o say_v that_o it_o have_v take_v his_o name_n of_o these_o two_o word_n middel_n which_o signify_v the_o midst_n and_o bourg_n a_o castle_n as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o caâ—â—le_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o be_v situate_v before_o the_o sea_n have_v get_v so_o much_o on_o that_o side_n in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n it_o stand_v in_o 50._o degree_n ¾_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v but_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n from_o arnemuyden_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o narrow_a and_o crooked_a haven_n which_o go_v unto_o their_o salt_n pit_n but_o within_o these_o fifty_o year_n they_o of_o middelbourg_n have_v make_v a_o new_a straight_a haven_n from_o their_o port_n of_o dam_n unto_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o be_v good_a and_o deep_a able_a at_o a_o full_a sea_n to_o carry_v ship_n of_o 4._o or_o 500_o ton_n within_o these_o twelve_o year_n they_o have_v augment_v their_o town_n more_o than_o half_a round_o about_o wherein_o they_o have_v do_v prejudice_n without_o any_o recompense_n to_o they_o that_o have_v garden_n and_o possession_n in_o the_o suburb_n yet_o all_o this_o great_a increase_n serve_v for_o no_o other_o use_n but_o for_o house_n of_o pleasure_n and_o garden_n for_o merchant_n although_o there_o be_v place_n to_o have_v build_v above_o 3000._o good_a house_n for_o the_o commodity_n whereof_o they_o may_v make_v many_o channel_n to_o pass_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o god_n know_v when_o all_o this_o void_a place_n shall_v
war_n and_o trouble_v since_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o they_o have_v with_o all_o their_o mean_n both_o of_o body_n and_o good_n with_o they_o of_o flissinghe_a more_o than_o any_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n repulse_v the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o inquisition_n of_o spain_n in_o diverse_a exploit_n and_o erterprise_n of_o war_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o especial_o with_o their_o brave_a captain_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1578._o they_o do_v before_o bergen_n up_o zoom_n aid_n to_o defeat_v that_o mighty_a spanish_a fleet_n in_o view_n of_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o castille_n which_o go_v to_o victual_n middelbourg_n be_v straight_o besiege_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n so_o as_o this_o victual_v fail_a they_o they_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v unto_o the_o prince_n afterwards_o their_o captain_n do_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n help_v to_o confound_v that_o fearful_a and_o invincible_a sea-armie_n as_o they_o do_v write_v it_o which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n send_v in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o to_o invade_v england_n flisinghee_n or_o vlissinghen_n be_v the_o three_o town_n of_o the_o island_n of_o walchren_n right_a against_o flanders_n and_o a_o league_n from_o middelbourg_n it_o be_v also_o a_o marquisate_n belong_v to_o prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n as_o la_fw-fr vere_n not_o that_o they_o be_v two_o marquisat_n but_o one_o only_a every_o one_o apart_o carry_v diverse_a arm_n flissinghe_a be_v in_o old_a time_n but_o a_o country_n village_n and_o do_v serve_v only_o for_o a_o passage_n into_o flanders_n but_o within_o these_o hundred_o year_n adolph_n of_o bourgongne_n lord_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n and_o flissinghe_a cause_v it_o to_o be_v wall_v in_o and_o then_o it_o begin_v to_o take_v the_o form_n of_o a_o good_a town_n so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o one_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n pretend_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o ditch_n side_n towards_o ramekin_n which_o shall_v also_o command_v the_o haven_n after_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n governor_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n lord_n of_o lumay_n his_o lieutenant_n surprise_v the_o island_n and_o town_n of_o bryel_n when_o as_o the_o signior_n of_o wakenes_n the_o vice_n admiral_n pretend_v to_o put_v a_o spanish_a garrison_n into_o the_o town_n be_v favour_v by_o the_o magistrate_n the_o people_n discover_v it_o fall_v to_o arm_n force_v the_o arsenal_n and_o chase_v away_o the_o burguemaister_n and_o alderman_n and_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o town_n gate_n they_o shoot_v at_o five_o or_o six_o ship_n full_a of_o spaniard_n which_o think_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o contrary_a tide_n send_v a_o man_n swim_v to_o land_n to_o entreat_v they_o that_o they_o will_v not_o sink_v they_o promise_v they_o to_o retire_v upon_o the_o first_o â—â—oud_n as_o they_o do_v go_v towards_o berghen_n up_o zoom_n whereas_o they_o can_v not_o be_v entertain_v this_o town_n be_v thus_o free_v from_o the_o spanish_a yoke_n it_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n fortify_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n who_o present_o send_v they_o a_o garrison_n of_o walloon_n they_o make_v sharp_a war_n with_o they_o of_o la_fw-fr vere_n against_o middelbourg_n and_o arnemuyden_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n go_v to_o sea_n with_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n they_o bring_v in_o good_a prize_n and_o many_o good_a prisoner_n among_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n cousin_n who_o notwithstanding_o any_o ransom_n that_o he_o offer_v can_v not_o redeem_v himself_o from_o the_o gallows_n so_o hateful_a the_o spaniard_n be_v unto_o the_o flessinger_n in_o the_o first_o war_n as_o all_o that_o they_o take_v they_o either_o cast_v they_o overboard_n or_o hang_v they_o 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they_o take_v in_o less_o than_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o berghen_n and_o in_o all_o other_o encounter_v the_o flissingher_n be_v always_o the_o foremost_a snce_o they_o have_v much_o enlarge_v their_o town_n especial_o on_o that_o side_n where_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n have_v begin_v to_o build_v the_o castle_n where_o there_o be_v three_o goodly_a bulwark_n two_o towards_o the_o land_n and_o one_o to_o the_o sea_n which_o defend_v the_o haven_n on_o that_o side_n flank_v it_o at_o the_o port_n in_o this_o enlargement_n they_o have_v draw_v in_o a_o new_a haven_n and_o a_o sluse_n capable_a for_o many_o great_a ship_n where_o they_o have_v also_o build_v a_o new_a temple_n for_o the_o english_a nation_n within_o these_o twelve_o year_n they_o have_v build_v a_o fair_a town-house_n upon_o the_o market_n place_n not_o in_o greatness_n but_o in_o building_n much_o like_o to_o that_o of_o antwerp_n to_o conclude_v the_o town_n as_o well_o in_o fortification_n as_o in_o building_n be_v now_o so_o change_v as_o he_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o these_o thirty_o year_n will_v not_o now_o know_v it_o it_o be_v second_o to_o middelbourg_n in_o merchandise_n but_o it_o exceed_v it_o in_o herring_n where_o they_o be_v barrel_a up_o and_o mark_v and_o from_o thence_o be_v transport_v throughout_o all_o christendom_n this_o important_a town_n to_o speak_v tru_o nay_o right_o be_v term_v the_o key_n of_o the_o netherlands_o for_o the_o sea_n for_o at_o all_o time_n it_o cut_v off_o the_o navigation_n from_o antwerp_n so_o as_o nothing_o can_v come_v unto_o they_o by_o sea_n wherefore_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n shall_v have_v be_v more_o careful_a to_o keep_v it_o in_o time_n and_o not_o to_o have_v esteem_v it_o so_o little_a as_o he_o do_v when_o the_o news_n of_o their_o revolt_n come_v unto_o he_o answer_v only_o pitcilingo_n so_o he_o call_v it_o es_fw-es nada_fw-es and_o in_o truth_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o know_v better_a the_o importance_n of_o that_o place_n then_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n go_v last_o out_o of_o the_o netherlands_o to_o return_v into_o spain_n where_o he_o die_v upon_o his_o departure_n he_o do_v secret_o and_o serious_o recommend_v this_o town_n unto_o the_o king_n his_o son_n but_o as_o they_o say_v he_o that_o contemn_v the_o father_n admonition_n will_v be_v deceive_v as_o it_o prove_v in_o this_o town_n arnemvyden_n old_a arnemuyden_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o other_o place_n not_o far_o from_o that_o where_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o goodly_a village_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n well_o people_v with_o rich_a burgher_n &_o merchant_n have_v a_o good_a commodious_a haven_n whereas_o many_o great_a ship_n may_v lie_v safe_o where_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v great_a traffic_n than_o at_o middelbourg_n itself_o this_o old_a arnemuyden_n be_v by_o inundation_n quite_o eat_v up_o by_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o reliks_n to_o be_v see_v neither_o can_v they_o conjecture_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o betwixt_o the_o haven_n of_o middelbourg_n and_o new_a arnemuyden_n upon_o the_o plain_a which_o be_v betwixt_o s._n joes_n land_n and_o the_o right_a channel_n of_o arnemuyden_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a breach_n which_o happen_v to_o old_a arnemuyden_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1438_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gyles_n of_o arnemuyden_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o place_n who_o cause_v all_o the_o burgher_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o go_v with_o their_o family_n unto_o the_o dyke_n out_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n whereas_o now_o the_o town_n of_o arnemuyden_n stand_v the_o which_o as_o well_o for_o the_o commodity_n of_o roads_n and_o deep_n as_o for_o the_o situation_n upon_o the_o sea_n have_v and_o do_v
the_o archduke_n philippe_n his_o son_n in_o law_n be_v dead_a cardinal_a adrian_n be_v choose_v for_o a_o time_n to_o be_v governor_n and_o viceroy_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n charles_n who_o be_v soon_o after_o emperor_n in_o the_o end_n on_o the_o six_o day_n of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1522._o he_o be_v choose_v pope_n the_o news_n whereof_o be_v carry_v he_o into_o spain_n he_o make_v no_o show_n of_o joy_n be_v anoint_a he_o will_v not_o change_v his_o name_n as_o other_o do_v he_o live_v but_o twenty_o month_n and_o some_o day_n after_o in_o continual_a trouble_n of_o mind_n and_o grief_n among_o all_o his_o epitaph_n this_o agree_v best_a with_o he_o hadrianus_n sextus_fw-la hic_fw-la situs_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la sibi_fw-la infelicius_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la duxit_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la imperaret_fw-la here_o lie_v adrian_n the_o six_o who_o think_v nothing_o have_v happen_v unto_o he_o more_o unfortunate_a in_o all_o 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pre-eminence_n and_o authority_n be_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o chapter_n than_o much_o afflict_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n conferse_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cologne_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o retain_v this_o dignity_n notwithstanding_o pepin_n and_o charlemagne_n king_n of_o france_n restore_v this_o city_n who_o not_o only_o establish_v the_o episcopal_a dignity_n but_o to_o the_o end_n the_o bishop_n may_v defend_v himself_o from_o his_o adversary_n he_o do_v so_o augment_v his_o jurisdiction_n as_o his_o siegneury_n do_v extend_v itself_o in_o a_o manner_n over_o all_o the_o country_n of_o the_o battavians_n and_o although_o the_o frison_n dane_n and_o nortman_n do_v spoil_v and_o burn_v it_o often_o yet_o they_o do_v soon_o recover_v their_o former_a estate_n and_o gather_v new_a force_n to_o confirm_v that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n to_o insert_v here_o some_o latin_a verse_n though_o ill_o polish_v savour_v of_o the_o harshness_n of_o the_o stile_n in_o those_o day_n the_o which_o be_v write_v in_o two_o great_a table_n of_o wood_n hang_v upon_o two_o pillar_n before_o the_o quire_n of_o the_o say_a cathedral_n church_n write_v in_o great_a letter_n half_o wear_v out_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n those_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v circumquaque_fw-la fluens_fw-la hollandia_n gurgite_fw-la rheni_n cingitur_fw-la oceano_fw-la fluminibusque_fw-la maris_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la cum_fw-la muris_fw-la vrbs_fw-la antonina_n novellis_fw-la tempore_fw-la neronis_n aedificata_fw-la fuit_fw-la hanc_fw-la devastavit_fw-la fera_fw-fr slavica_fw-la gens_fw-la et_fw-la ibidem_fw-la castrum_fw-la wiltorum_fw-la conditur_fw-la inde_fw-la novum_fw-la turribus_fw-la excelsis_fw-la quod_fw-la adhuc_fw-la plebs_fw-la abroditorum_fw-la funditur_fw-la evertens_fw-la dirruit_fw-la usque_fw-la solum_fw-la hinc_fw-la traiectense_n castrum_fw-la cum_fw-la maentbus_fw-la altis_fw-la conditur_fw-la a_o francis_n christicolis_fw-la sed_fw-la idem_fw-la vulgus_fw-la danorum_fw-la confregit_fw-la humo_fw-la tenùs_fw-la omnes_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la civis_fw-la insimul_fw-la ense_fw-mi necans_fw-la denique_fw-la baldricus_fw-la praesul_fw-la nova_fw-la maenia_fw-la struxit_fw-la quae_fw-la modo_fw-la subsistunt_fw-la auxiliante_fw-la deo_fw-la sic_fw-la hollandensi_fw-la terrae_fw-la veraciter_fw-la omni_fw-la traiectum_fw-la constat_fw-la vrbs_fw-la capitalis_fw-la adhuc_fw-la the_o famous_a rhine_n through_o holland_n bosom_n glide_v and_o with_o the_o sea_n enguirt_n it_o on_o all_o side_n here_o vtrecht_n stand_v first_o build_v as_o author_n say_v in_o nero_n time_n and_o call_v antonia_n these_o wall_n the_o slavons_a raze_v upon_o repair_n of_o which_o the_o name_n of_o wiltenburch_n it_o bare_a then_o come_v the_o abrodite_n a_o nation_n wood_n and_o level_a it_o even_o with_o the_o place_n it_o stand_v in_o place_n whereof_o the_o christian_n frankener_n come_v and_o build_v a_o fort_n call_v vtrecht_n but_o the_o same_o be_v by_o the_o dane_n make_v a_o rude_a heap_n of_o stone_n and_o they_o that_o hold_v it_o slanghter_v all_o at_o one_o stand_v yet_o but_o bishop_n baldric_n since_o repair_v it_o and_o raise_v those_o wall_n which_o god_n be_v thank_v and_o thus_o remain_v it_o vtrecht_n still_o of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o holland_n first_o and_o principal_a on_o the_o second_o pillar_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n hang_v these_o verse_n tempore_fw-la francorum_fw-la dagoberti_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o isto_fw-la presenti_fw-la fundo_fw-la conditus_fw-la ecce_fw-la decens_fw-la primitus_fw-la ecclaesia_n sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la prope_fw-la castrum_fw-la traiectum_fw-la quam_fw-la gens_fw-la frisica_fw-la fregit_fw-la atrox_n sed_fw-la prio_fw-la antistes_fw-la dominus_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o church_n which_o man_n s._n thomas-his_a do_v call_v upon_o this_o plot_n be_v found_v first_o of_o all_o when_o dagobert_n rule_v france_n never_o to_o the_o town_n of_o vtrecht_n the_o fierce_a frison_n raze_v it_o down_o but_o the_o first_o prelate_n lord._n etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n of_o these_o verse_n be_v so_o wear_v as_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o read_v they_o wyck-ter-dvyrsted_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a history_n that_o this_o town_n of_o wyck-ter-duyrsted_n have_v in_o ancient_a time_n be_v a_o great_a and_o spacious_a town_n in_o the_o which_o they_o write_v be_v 32._o parish_n church_n it_o be_v before_o this_o town_n that_o the_o rhine_n be_v damn_v up_o and_o force_v some_o 8â—0_n year_n since_o to_o leave_v his_o right_a course_n and_o to_o cast_v itself_o into_o the_o lecke_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o they_o set_v not_o down_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o cut_v it_o off_o in_o this_o place_n and_o make_v it_o take_v the_o course_n it_o now_o hold_v the_o which_o happen_v for_o that_o when_o as_o the_o wind_n be_v at_o the_o norw_a and_o blow_v hard_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o not_o able_a to_o pass_v out_o by_o his_o gulf_n at_o catwyck_n into_o the_o british_a sea_n be_v force_v to_o disperse_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o conntry_n of_o holland_n vtrecht_n and_o the_o betuve_n which_o be_v of_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n the_o which_o happen_v often_o whereby_o they_o sustain_v great_a loss_n wherefore_o the_o estate_n of_o these_o 3._o province_n assemble_v together_o they_o consult_v how_o they_o may_v prevent_v it_o &_o in_o the_o end_n resolve_v to_o turn_v the_o rhine_n from_o his_o right_a course_n which_o be_v to_o the_o norw_a and_o to_o give_v it_o a_o other_o which_o shall_v fall_v croked_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o do_v at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o effect_n whereof_o they_o damn_v it_o up_o draw_v it_o by_o little_a &_o little_a into_o the_o lecke_n which_o be_v never_o unto_o it_o make_v high_a bank_n of_o either_o side_n so_o as_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v become_v a_o good_a navigable_a river_n fall_v into_o the_o mouse_n beneath_o dordrecht_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n before_o bryele_n this_o town_n of_o wyck_n be_v very_o ancient_a whereon_o cornelius_n tacitus_n a_o knight_n and_o roman_a historiographer_n make_v honourable_a mention_n call_v it_o batavodurum_n it_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n but_o afterward_o build_v again_o yet_o nothing_o so_o big_a as_o at_o the_o first_o notwithstanding_o it_o have_v always_o be_v as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o situation_n a_o good_a and_o a_o rich_a town_n have_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n whereas_o the_o prince_n bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n do_v for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v their_o court_n when_o as_o they_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o low_a diocese_n as_o they_o do_v at_o the_o castle_n of_o vollenhof_n gheelmuyden_n in_o oueryssel_n a_o league_n from_o campen_n when_o as_o they_o keep_v in_o the_o high_a diocese_n this_o town_n have_v in_o former_a time_n a_o private_a lord_n who_o be_v also_o siegnior_n of_o abcoude_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n will_v never_o be_v quiet_a until_o they_o have_v get_v it_o this_o
small_a profit_n find_v this_o people_n so_o impatient_a of_o a_o stranger_n yoke_n in_o the_o end_n duke_n george_n resign_v all_o his_o interest_n unto_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o enjoy_v it_o quiet_o as_o his_o son_n philip_n king_n of_o spain_n also_o do_v till_o within_o these_o thirty_o year_n that_o they_o free_v themselves_o by_o their_o adiunction_n unto_o the_o general_a union_n of_o the_o confederate_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o thus_o much_o we_o have_v think_v good_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o beginning_n and_o estate_n of_o friesland_n in_o general_a now_o we_o will_v describe_v the_o town_n in_o particular_a leewarden_n be_v at_o this_o day_n as_o in_o old_a time_n staveren_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o chief_a town_n of_o friesland_n situate_v almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o country_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n during_o the_o paganisine_n aula_n dei_fw-la and_o in_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n godt_v hoff_n that_o it_o to_o say_v the_o 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hereditary_a government_n of_o friesland_n from_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n do_v there_o settle_v the_o parliament_n for_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o son_n king_n philippe_n have_v since_o allow_v and_o confirm_v moreover_o friesland_n have_v good_a haven_n on_o every_o side_n by_o the_o which_o they_o may_v commodious_o and_o speedy_o bring_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n and_o commodity_n unto_o the_o town_n which_o make_v it_o cheap_a lyve_n there_o this_o town_n have_v under_o his_o griteny_n that_o be_v to_o say_v baylewicke_n or_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o call_v leewarderadeel_v seventeen_o good_a village_n depend_v thereon_o for_o in_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o ostergoe_v whereof_o this_o town_n be_v the_o chief_a there_o be_v ten_o griteny_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v his_o village_n depend_v thereon_o some_o more_o some_o less_o contain_v alltogither_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o two_o village_n in_o the_o say_v ten_o griteny_n beside_o the_o town_n of_o dockum_n which_o be_v the_o second_o town_n of_o that_o quarter_n of_o ostergoe_v whereof_o we_o will_v present_o speak_v in_o this_o town_n do_v common_o reside_v the_o college_n of_o deputy_n for_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n and_o town_n which_o govern_v the_o whole_a estate_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o policy_n and_o war_n as_o for_o religion_n who_o with_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o griteny_n dispose_v of_o all_o estate_n and_o office_n both_o of_o justice_n treasure_n and_o demain_v as_o also_o of_o captain_n place_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o war_n and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n there_o be_v also_o the_o mint_n for_o money_n for_o the_o whole_a country_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o the_o deputy_n for_o the_o estate_n shall_v fetch_v down_o
the_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n when_o need_n require_v the_o people_n there_o be_v as_o courteous_a humble_a and_o affable_a yea_o more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o town_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n or_o in_o holland_n &_o zeeland_n although_o the_o frison_n have_v be_v hold_v to_o be_v somewhat_o rude_a and_o incivill_a the_o which_o appear_v contrary_a by_o the_o frequentation_n of_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n &_o by_o the_o exercise_n of_o learning_n for_o that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o bourger_n if_o he_o have_v any_o mean_n but_o he_o send_v his_o child_n to_o school_v the_o which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n by_o many_o learned_a man_n who_o i_o will_v not_o now_o flatter_v for_o that_o they_o be_v yet_o lyve_a as_o also_o by_o those_o which_o for_o their_o knowledge_n have_v be_v of_o great_a authority_n among_o which_o be_v george_n ratalder_n councillor_n to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o great_a council_n at_o macklin_n doctor_n in_o the_o law_n and_o a_o good_a poet_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1566._o be_v send_v by_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n governess_n of_o the_o netherlands_o in_o ambassage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o say_a country_n and_o since_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o virtue_n and_o sufficiency_n he_o be_v choose_v precedent_n of_o the_o provincial_a council_n at_o vtrecht_n a_o league_n from_o this_o town_n be_v the_o village_n of_o zuychem_n famous_a at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o memory_n of_o viglus_fw-la aita_n zuychemus_n in_o his_o life_n time_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o estate_n for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n at_o brussels_n who_o wife_n be_v deâ—d_v he_o be_v make_v a_o bishop_n and_o provost_n of_o saint_n bavon_n at_o gant_n where_o he_o build_v a_o goodly_a house_n where_o one_o of_o his_o heir_n live_v who_o i_o have_v visit_v within_o these_o ten_o year_n he_o also_o erect_v a_o free_a school_n for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o poor_a child_n and_o a_o schoolmaster_n and_o beside_o be_v it_o a_o hospital_n for_o old_a man_n and_o woman_n of_o that_o village_n the_o which_o be_v well_o lodge_v and_o entertain_v according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o foundation_n dockum_fw-la be_v the_o second_o town_n in_o all_o that_o quarter_n of_o ostergoe_v have_v a_o channel_n which_o go_v unto_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o other_o which_o lead_v unto_o groan_v which_o be_v five_o league_n distant_a from_o thence_o and_o eight_o from_o franiker_n whereas_o common_o the_o council_n or_o college_n of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o friesland_n do_v remain_v this_o town_n have_v suffer_v much_o during_o the_o first_o trouble_n as_o well_o in_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n time_n as_o afterward_o be_v sometime_o force_v to_o obey_v the_o one_o party_n and_o then_o the_o other_o so_o as_o yet_o to_o this_o day_n there_o appear_v some_o ruin_n 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willebroard_n otherwise_o call_v clement_n do_v great_o augment_v the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o friesland_n where_o afterward_o he_o be_v make_v a_o martyr_n with_o 52._o of_o his_o companion_n in_o westfrisland_n where_o they_o say_v there_o be_v yet_o some_o of_o that_o race_n which_o massacre_v they_o who_o from_o their_o birth_n carry_v a_o white_a mark_n or_o rather_o a_o tuft_n of_o white_a hair_n on_o their_o head_n they_o may_v go_v easy_o from_o this_o town_n by_o boat_n unto_o all_o the_o town_n of_o friesland_n and_o by_o sea_n to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n franiker_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o renow_v town_n in_o friesland_n in_o the_o which_o not_o far_o from_o the_o port_n of_o harlingen_n there_o be_v a_o little_a castle_n in_o the_o which_o henry_n son_n to_o duke_n albert_n of_o saxony_n be_v for_o a_o time_n as_o it_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o other_o town_n of_o friesland_n which_o he_o take_v so_o disdainful_o as_o he_o resign_v all_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o say_a country_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o since_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o although_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o leuwarden_n and_o harlingen_n be_v during_o the_o war_n ruin_v yet_o this_o be_v of_o small_a importance_n stand_v still_o for_o that_o it_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o town_n have_v no_o passage_n without_o it_o whereby_o they_o may_v give_v entry_n unto_o the_o enemy_n but_o do_v only_o serve_v for_o a_o gentleman_n lodging_n the_o town_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o quarter_n of_o westergoe_v which_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o friesland_n in_o the_o which_o beside_o franiker_n there_o be_v eight_o town_n more_o which_o be_v harlingen_n bolswaert_n sneck_v ylstt_v worcum_n hindelopen_fw-la staveren_n and_o sloten_n under_o which_o quarter_n there_o be_v eight_o griteny_n or_o baylewyck_n the_o which_o one_o with_o a_o other_o have_v 125._o village_n depend_v on_o they_o it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n circuit_n in_o which_o many_o gentleman_n of_o the_o champain_n country_n make_v their_o residence_n and_o some_o lyve_n in_o the_o country_n during_o the_o summer_n retire_v thither_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o estate_n of_o friesland_n desire_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o instruction_n of_o their_o youth_n have_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n erect_v a_o university_n in_o the_o say_a town_n with_o great_a privilege_n the_o which_o make_v it_o the_o more_o famous_a in_o the_o which_o they_o entertain_v many_o professor_n in_o all_o faculty_n with_o good_a pension_n which_o draw_v many_o scholar_n thither_o from_o all_o part_n even_o out_o of_o poland_n and_o france_n whereas_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o country_n have_v a_o swear_a printer_n they_o of_o the_o magistracy_n have_v of_o late_a year_n build_v a_o fair_a town_n house_n it_o be_v two_o league_n from_o leuwarden_n and_o one_o from_o harlingen_n whether_o they_o may_v go_v in_o summer_n both_o by_o water_n and_o by_o waggon_n but_o in_o winter_n only_o by_o boat_n bolswaerdt_n be_v a_o free_a hans_n town_n situate_v in_o the_o three_o division_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o westergoe_v in_o a_o good_a country_n a_o league_n equal_o distant_a from_o sneck_v yl_v and_o worcom_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o hindelopen_fw-la and_o two_o league_n from_o staveren_n sloten_n franiker_n and_o harlingen_n three_o from_o leuwarden_n and_o five_o from_o dockom_n and_o so_o environ_v in_o a_o manner_n by_o all_o the_o town_n in_o the_o country_n it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n with_o a_o channel_n which_o go_v to_o all_o these_o other_o town_n and_o village_n whereby_o the_o street_n be_v always_o clean_o from_o filth_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rain_n do_v cleanse_v they_o it_o be_v equal_a with_o sneck_v in_o bigness_n the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v of_o their_o handiworke_n merchandise_n and_o navigation_n traffike_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o hamburger_n it_o have_v a_o passage_n unto_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o sluse_n of_o the_o village_n of_o mackum_n a_o league_n from_o thence_o whereas_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a town_n lie_v as_o safe_o as_o in_o a_o good_a haven_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o town_n be_v call_v bourguemaster_n alderman_n and_o council_n the_o bourguemaster_n and_o alderman_n have_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v six_o in_o number_n two_o which_o be_v of_o the_o council_n have_v care_n of_o the_o work_n reparation_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o fortification_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o meddle_v not_o with_o the_o justice_n but_o their_o charge_n be_v also_o to_o look_v unto_o all_o crime_n that_o be_v commit_v and_o to_o deliver_v the_o offender_n to_o the_o officer_n to_o be_v punish_v according_a
to_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o regent_n and_o administrator_n receive_v their_o authorite_n and_o commission_n yearly_a from_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n of_o the_o province_n there_o be_v in_o old_a time_n three_o monastery_n in_o the_o town_n the_o poor_a have_v good_a entertainment_n the_o orphins_n found_v by_o rhine_n bourguemaster_n of_o the_o town_n the_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o more_o lyve_a by_o hyde_n the_o daughter_n of_o hero_n be_v a_o widow_n then_o the_o rich_a hospital_n whereas_o many_o poor_a people_n be_v feed_v all_o at_o one_o table_n with_o their_o lodging_n then_o the_o poor_a hospital_n whereas_o many_o poor_a old_a people_n have_v every_o one_o a_o chamber_n a_o part_n and_o be_v entertain_v there_o with_o bread_n beer_n butter_n and_o fire_n from_o whence_o the_o poor_a people_n of_o the_o town_n have_v once_o a_o week_n relief_n this_o town_n be_v since_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1572._o much_o increase_v and_o well_o fortefied_a as_o well_o in_o port_n rampart_v bulwark_n as_o otherwise_o the_o burgher_n have_v endure_v much_o as_o well_o in_o their_o traffic_n at_o sea_n as_o in_o lodg_v of_o soldier_n this_o town_n hold_v a_o market_n every_o saturday_n whether_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o all_o the_o near_a town_n and_o village_n greteine_v or_o baylewyck_v come_v and_o bring_v their_o merchandise_n and_o victual_n with_o greatstore_v of_o wildfowl_a &_o venison_n they_o want_v no_o fish_n also_o both_o from_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o sea_n the_o bailiff_n of_o wouseradeel_n come_v thither_o every_o market-day_n to_o hold_v his_o seat_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o do_v right_a to_o all_o man_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n where_o the_o gâ—ieteman_n or_o bailife_n do_v preside_v with_o his_o assessor_n &_o jurat_n have_v under_o they_o 29._o village_n and_o two_o monastery_n that_o be_v the_o abbey_n of_o fleurecampe_n of_o man_n and_o one_o of_o woman_n call_v oogecloester_n now_o ruin_v in_o these_o last_o war_n &_o their_o revenue_n apply_v to_o the_o common_a cause_n never_o unto_o this_o town_n be_v a_o village_n name_v womels_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o that_o learned_a man_n cyprianus_n womelius_n a_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n and_o a_o great_a poet_n councillor_n in_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spyer_v these_o of_o this_o town_n of_o bolswart_n do_v many_o year_n since_o join_v themselves_o to_o the_o hans_n town_n oâ—_n germany_n with_o who_o they_o be_v confederate_a and_o be_v register_v among_o the_o member_n thereof_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n freedom_n and_o exemption_n of_o impost_n and_o custom_n as_o the_o other_o town_n of_o denmark_n sueden_n norway_n livonia_n prussia_n east_n country_n and_o other_o principality_n and_o commonweal_n have_v also_o their_o chamber_n or_o lodging_n of_o esterling_n in_o antwerp_n and_o at_o the_o stylliard_n in_o london_n the_o which_o be_v now_o out_o of_o use_n which_o privilege_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o say_a town_n enjoy_v bring_v only_o a_o certificate_n of_o their_o bourgesie_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o town_n of_o bolswaert_n the_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o yield_v they_o great_a profit_n in_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n it_o be_v practise_v general_o throughout_o all_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o better_a to_o entertain_v their_o commerce_n and_o mutual_a correspondency_n and_o to_o train_v up_o their_o youth_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n from_o one_o province_n to_o a_o other_o no_o marry_a man_n be_v admit_v in_o those_o place_n of_o london_n and_o antwerp_n only_o young_a man_n do_v their_o own_o business_n or_o their_o master_n so_o as_o they_o be_v member_n of_o this_o company_n as_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o town_n of_o bolswaert_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o lady_n bolswine_n daughter_n to_o radbod_n king_n of_o friesland_n in_o the_o year_n 713._o which_o lady_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o siegnior_n of_o teekenbourg_n issue_v from_o the_o noble_a house_n of_o dockenburg_n the_o which_o of_o a_o castle_n be_v make_v a_o town_n and_o be_v now_o call_v dockum_n this_o lady_n be_v a_o widow_n retire_v herself_o from_o teekenburg_n into_o this_o quarter_n of_o friesland_n whereas_o king_n radbod_v her_o father_n give_v she_o a_o house_n of_o pleasure_n and_o there_o she_o build_v a_o small_a town_n which_o she_o call_v by_o she_o own_o name_n bolswaert_n for_o that_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o half_a island_n the_o which_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n do_v often_o ruin_n yet_o in_o the_o end_n it_o become_v a_o good_a town_n of_o traffic_n be_v in_o that_o town_n it_o be_v tell_v i_o that_o at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n the_o sea_n come_v up_o unto_o it_o but_o since_o the_o land_n have_v win_v much_o of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o it_o stay_v at_o the_o village_n of_o mackum_n staveren_n it_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o be_v in_o former_a time_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o all_o friesland_n whereof_o we_o have_v sufficient_o discourse_v of_o the_o same_o society_n and_o company_n but_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o bolswaert_n who_o privilege_n especial_o their_o precedence_n at_o the_o sound_n in_o denmark_n before_o all_o other_o ship_n we_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o before_o be_v needless_a now_o to_o make_v any_o further_a repetition_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o south_n side_n on_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o zuyderzee_n at_o the_o point_n which_o look_v towards_o holland_n almost_o opposite_a to_o the_o passage_n of_o enchuysen_n half_o a_o league_n from_o hinderlopen_fw-mi upon_o the_o same_o shore_n it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v the_o place_n whereas_o time_n the_o people_n keep_v who_o pliny_n call_v sturi_n of_o which_o name_n all_o friesland_n be_v sometime_o call_v regnum_fw-la stauriae_fw-la which_o kingdom_n do_v extend_v to_o nymegen_n where_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v engrave_v on_o the_o east_n port_n hic_fw-la limb_n imperii_fw-la here_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o on_o the_o west_n gate_n hic_fw-la finis_fw-la regni_fw-la stauriae_fw-la here_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o stauriens_fw-la kingdom_n so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o heretofore_o it_o have_v be_v a_o rich_a and_o mighty_a town_n but_o the_o tempest_n and_o inondation_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v often_o annoy_v it_o and_o drive_v it_o far_o into_o the_o country_n be_v tell_v i_o when_o i_o go_v to_o view_v it_o that_o the_o old_a town_n be_v a_o league_n near_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o now_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n beside_o certain_a bar_n of_o sand_n have_v stop_v the_o haven_n and_o take_v away_o their_o navigation_n as_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o strong_a castle_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o town_n look_v towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n but_o during_o these_o last_o trouble_n the_o captain_n which_o be_v put_v in_o guard_n there_o with_o a_o garrison_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o estate_n grow_v wilful_a and_o resolute_a to_o keep_v it_o his_o soldier_n have_v small_a hope_n of_o any_o succour_n yield_v up_o the_o place_n and_o deliver_v their_o captain_n to_o the_o estate_n who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v present_o raze_v as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o ruin_n the_o town_n be_v long_o and_o narrow_a enlarge_a and_o fortify_v with_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n but_o of_o small_a importance_n and_o ill_o entertain_v as_o be_v hold_v at_o this_o present_a time_n not_o great_o necessary_a the_o house_n in_o the_o great_a street_n be_v reasonable_a fair_a and_o well_o build_v the_o inhabitant_n live_v by_o their_o handy-worke_n and_o by_o the_o sea_n but_o not_o of_o such_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v harlingen_n it_o be_v now_o a_o good_a and_o spacious_a town_n and_o of_o good_a traffic_n since_o that_o gasper_n robles_n lord_n of_o billy_n governor_n of_o the_o country_n of_o friesland_n and_o groan_v for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n cause_v the_o bank_n behind_o the_o castle_n to_o be_v repair_v and_o enlarge_v with_o great_a labour_n and_o cost_n which_o do_v now_o defend_v it_o from_o the_o tempest_n and_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o beat_v against_o it_o which_o work_v the_o inhabitant_n notwithstanding_o the_o hard_a government_n of_o the_o say_v robles_n can_v sufficient_o commend_v the_o estate_n of_o friesland_n have_v since_o these_o last_o trouble_v resume_v their_o liberty_n have_v cause_v the_o say_a castle_n to_o be_v ruin_v so_o far_o as_o it_o do_v overlook_v the_o town_n retain_v the_o fortification_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o bank_n have_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o ditch_n be_v draw_v a_o goodly_a new_a haven_n into_o the_o town_n which_o pass_v under_o a_o great_a drawbridge_n to_o go_v
the_o high_a diocese_n but_o sense_n that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o obtain_v from_o the_o bishop_n the_o temporality_n of_o both_o diocese_n the_o high_o and_o the_o low_a he_o make_v two_o province_n one_o of_o vtrecht_n and_o the_o other_o of_o ouerysel_n the_o which_o be_v number_v among_o the_o 17._o province_n and_o now_o under_o the_o union_n of_o the_o general_n estate_n of_o the_o confederate_a province_n who_o by_o arm_n have_v shake_v of_o the_o spanish_a yoke_n and_o have_v purchase_v their_o liberty_n which_o they_o enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n this_o country_n be_v so_o call_v for_o that_o it_o lie_v beyond_o the_o rive_v of_o yssel_n this_o dutch_a word_n over_o signify_v beyond_o and_o in_o latin_a trans_fw-la so_o as_o it_o be_v call_v transissalana_n on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o have_v friesland_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n of_o groan_v on_o the_o south_n the_o conty_n of_o zutphen_n to_o east_n the_o country_n of_o westphalia_n and_o upon_o the_o west_n the_o zuyderzee_n it_o be_v water_v by_o many_o river_n the_o yssel_n vidre_n regge_n dan-noire_a and_o wahal_n beside_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o by_o the_o sluice_n a_o good_a and_o fertile_a soil_n and_o fat_a pasture_n where_o they_o do_v yearly_a feed_v many_o fat_a cattle_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o good_a butter_n and_o cheese_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o victual_n the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o great_a baylywick_n that_o be_v of_o salandt_n of_o the_o old_a saliens_fw-la of_o tuent_fw-la so_o call_v of_o the_o ancient_a tubantins_n and_o of_o vollenhoven_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o other_o two_o whereof_o the_o one_o bend_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o south_n the_o quarter_n of_o salandt_n comprehend_v under_o it_o many_o good_a town_n among_o the_o which_o be_v these_o three_o imperial_a hans_n town_n deventer_n campen_n and_o swolle_n the_o lesser_a be_v hasselt_v covoerden_n genemuiden_n ommen_n hardenbourg_n wilson_n and_o graffhorst_a that_o of_o tuent_fw-la have_v the_o town_n of_o oldenzeel_n otmarson_n enschede_v ghoor_n diyepenham_n delden_n rise_v and_o almeloo_n the_o quarter_n of_o vollenhoven_n have_v a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n with_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n palace_n when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o high_a diocese_n then_o the_o town_n of_o stâ—enwicke_n to_o which_o the_o cuyndert_fw-ge do_v belong_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o which_o be_v ruin_v in_o these_o last_o war_n among_o the_o fortefied_a town_n beside_o the_o three_o imperial_a hans_n town_n of_o deventer_n campen_n and_o swolle_n be_v those_o of_o hasselt_n upon_o vidre_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o hasselt_v a_o good_a town_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n oldenzeel_v steenwick_n otmarsom_n and_o enscheede_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o castle_n and_o above_o 120._o borroughs_n and_o village_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o province_n before_o the_o trouble_n in_o the_o netherlands_o do_v belong_v unto_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o succeed_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o father_n who_o have_v the_o interest_n confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n from_o henry_n of_o bavaria_n bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n upon_o certain_a condition_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v maintain_v their_o privilege_n for_o want_v whereof_o and_o to_o free_v they_o from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o spaniard_n they_o have_v as_o all_o the_o other_o unite_a province_n free_v themselves_o and_o recover_v their_o liberty_n whereof_o the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o frison_n be_v wonderful_o desirous_a and_o impatient_a to_o bear_v the_o yoke_n the_o say_a province_n have_v never_o acknowledge_v but_o two_o member_n in_o their_o government_n that_o be_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o which_o be_v choose_v the_o particular_a governor_n and_o high_a officer_n and_o they_o three_o imperial_a town_n deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n and_o no_o other_o by_o the_o voice_n &_o suffrage_n of_o which_o two_o member_n all_o difficulty_n in_o the_o estate_n be_v decide_v and_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v decree_v by_o they_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v remain_v firm_a and_o stable_a and_o as_o the_o nobility_n in_o precedence_n yield_v not_o to_o any_o no_o more_o do_v the_o town_n but_o in_o their_o order_n and_o degree_n whereof_o deventer_n be_v the_o first_o than_o campen_n and_o last_o swoll_n every_o one_o of_o which_o town_n judge_v by_o decree_n as_o well_o in_o civil_a as_o criminal_a cause_n and_o either_o of_o they_o have_v privilege_n to_o coin_n money_n let_v this_o suffice_v for_o a_o brief_a description_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o country_n of_o oueryssell_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o town_n deventer_n the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o imperial_a hans_n town_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o right_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o yssell_n three_o league_n from_o zutphen_n and_o four_o from_o swoll_n it_o be_v a_o goodly_a great_a town_n and_o of_o great_a traffic_n before_o the_o last_o trouble_n but_o the_o two_o siege_n which_o they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o endure_v with_o in_o these_o thirty_o year_n by_o the_o unite_a estate_n have_v much_o decay_v it_o the_o first_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1578._o when_o it_o be_v yield_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o reneberg_n lieutenant_n for_o the_o say_a estate_n and_o the_o country_n since_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n governor_n for_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n protectress_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n give_v the_o government_a thereof_o to_o sir_n william_n stanley_n a_o english_a colonel_n who_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o spaniard_n so_o as_o it_o remain_v subject_a to_o the_o spanish_a insolency_n from_o the_o year_n 1587._o unto_o the_o year_n 1591._o when_o as_o prince_n maurice_n go_v to_o besiege_v it_o with_o the_o say_a estate_n in_o the_o which_o cont_n harman_n vanden_fw-mi bergh_n cousin_n german_a to_o the_o prince_n command_v who_o he_o force_v to_o yield_v by_o composition_n after_o a_o great_a battery_n the_o ruin_n whereof_o will_v not_o be_v easy_o repair_v in_o many_o year_n especial_o towards_o the_o kaye_n but_o whereas_o the_o cannon_n can_v not_o annoy_v they_o it_o be_v well_o build_v with_o fair_a high_a house_n the_o street_n broad_a and_o clean_o with_o a_o fair_a market_n place_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o house_n of_o the_o swear_a company_n whereas_o a_o guard_n be_v keep_v day_n and_o night_n before_o the_o great_a collegiall_a church_n be_v the_o town-house_n which_o they_o call_v raed_n huy_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o council_n house_n whereas_o the_o bourguemaster_n and_o senator_n do_v assemble_v daily_o to_o do_v justice_n to_o every_o man_n the_o magistrate_n there_o show_v themselves_o modest_o grave_a and_o the_o burgher_n civil_a among_o who_o there_o be_v rich_a merchant_n by_o the_o traffic_n which_o they_o have_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n as_o of_o merchandise_n as_o well_o by_o land_n into_o westphalia_n and_o other_o place_n of_o germany_n as_o by_o the_o river_n of_o yssel_n which_o on_o one_o side_n mount_v up_o the_o rhin_n unto_o cologne_n and_o descend_v down_o before_o campen_n to_o the_o zuyderzee_n unto_o amsterdam_n horn_n enchuysen_n and_o other_o town_n of_o holland_n and_o friesland_n since_o it_o be_v last_o yield_v it_o be_v wunderful_o fortify_v with_o rampart_v and_o good_a bulwark_n beside_o that_o it_o have_v always_o have_v a_o double_a wall_n of_o brick_n round_o about_o it_o in_o old_a time_n when_o a_o matter_n succeed_v not_o well_o in_o the_o diocese_n of_o vtrecht_n the_o bishop_n retire_v themselves_o to_o deventer_n as_o we_o read_v of_o bishop_n baldric_n who_o to_o fly_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n which_o ruin_v the_o town_n of_o vtrecht_n retire_v with_o all_o his_o clergy_n to_o this_o town_n then_o the_o dane_n be_v chase_v away_o he_o return_v and_o repare_v the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o they_o have_v make_v a_o stable_n for_o their_o horse_n in_o this_o town_n do_v usual_o reside_v the_o drossart_n or_o great_a bailiff_n for_o the_o quarter_n of_o salandt_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a town_n and_o in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o gentleman_n campen_n this_o be_v the_o second_o of_o three_o hans_n town_n in_o the_o province_n of_o ouerysell_n although_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o yssel_n but_o on_o gelder_n side_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a great_a town_n of_o more_o length_n than_o breadth_n the_o which_o after_o that_o it_o have_v be_v yield_v unto_o the_o earl_n of_o reneberg_n in_o the_o name_n
of_o the_o estate_n it_o be_v much_o better_o fortify_v then_o before_o it_o have_v agoodly_a bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o they_o do_v then_o build_v a_o good_a fort_n to_o defend_v it_o by_o which_o bridge_n they_o may_v go_v both_o on_o horseback_n wagon_n and_o foot_n to_o all_o the_o town_n of_o ouerysel_n friesland_n and_o groan_v or_o else_o if_o they_o will_v by_o the_o channel_n which_o run_v through_o the_o country_n have_v past_o this_o bridge_n go_v towards_o vollenhoven_n &_o geelmuyden_n you_o enter_v into_o a_o goodly_a great_a and_o spacious_a pasture_n full_a of_o ditche_n which_o they_o call_v maester_fw-mi brouk_fw-mi which_o yield_v as_o good_a butter_n and_o cheese_n as_o any_o part_n in_o holland_n beside_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o fat_v a_o great_a number_n of_o goodly_a oxen._n this_o pasture_n have_v at_o the_o least_o four_o league_n in_o circuit_n from_o the_o bridge_n of_o campen_n unto_o geelmuyden_n along_o the_o river_n of_o vidre_n pass_v before_o the_o town_n of_o hasselt_n then_o pass_v on_o to_o swolle_n it_o return_v from_o thence_o to_o campen_n which_o circuit_n be_v a_o half_a day_n journey_n it_o be_v good_a cheap_a lyve_n in_o this_o town_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n and_o good_a cheap_a as_o salmon_n sturgeon_n carp_n barbel_n and_o pike_n i_o do_v once_o buy_v three_o carp_n there_o either_o be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o for_o six_o patar_n a_o piece_n the_o which_o tide_n to_o the_o bark_n and_o swim_v in_o the_o zuyderzee_n i_o bring_v a_o live_v to_o amsterdam_n all_o sort_n of_o victual_n be_v good_a cheap_a there_o especial_o fowl_n and_o duck_n and_o mallard_n this_o town_n be_v full_a of_o gentleman_n and_o learned_a man_n the_o house_n be_v fair_a and_o high_o build_v and_o street_n very_o clean_o it_o be_v much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v within_o these_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n the_o magistrate_n be_v affable_a and_o the_o people_n civil_a and_o courteous_a whereas_o those_o that_o be_v flee_v thither_o for_o religion_n be_v kind_o entertain_v yea_o they_o be_v draw_v thither_o to_o set_v up_o their_o trade_n be_v very_o fit_a for_o it_o for_o that_o the_o merchant_n and_o workman_n may_v go_v in_o one_o night_n with_o a_o good_a wind_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o go_v from_o thence_o at_o night_n after_o the_o dispatch_v of_o their_o business_n they_o may_v be_v the_o next_o day_n again_o at_o their_o own_o house_n which_o be_v a_o great_a commodity_n this_o town_n have_v privilege_n to_o coin_v money_n and_o they_o careful_o entertain_v a_o free_a school_n swolle_n be_v a_o land_n town_n of_o a_o round_a form_n situate_v upon_o a_o little_a brook_n run_v into_o the_o river_n of_o vidre_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o black_a water_n into_o the_o zuyderzee_n it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v strong_a have_v ever_o have_v double_a wall_n and_o double_a ditche_n since_o these_o trouble_v it_o have_v be_v fortify_v with_o new_a rampart_v and_o bulwark_n in_o former_a time_n it_o be_v wont_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o be_v the_o retreat_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o that_o country_n who_o make_v his_o residence_n at_o vollenhoven_n it_o be_v good_a cheap_a live_n there_o but_o the_o street_n be_v not_o so_o clean_o keep_v as_o at_o campen_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cattle_n which_o they_o keep_v within_o the_o town_n and_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o wagon_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n for_o it_o be_v of_o great_a traffic_n than_o campen_n it_o have_v not_o be_v any_o way_n anoy_v by_o siege_n during_o these_o trouble_n like_v to_o deventer_n and_o campen_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o estate_n power_n by_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o well_o affect_a burgher_n who_o chase_v away_o they_o of_o the_o spanish_a faction_n whereby_o they_o be_v become_v rich_a it_o have_v two_o channel_n which_o pass_v through_o it_o upon_o the_o great_a of_o they_o stand_v the_o market_n place_n which_o be_v fair_a and_o spacious_a and_o join_v unto_o it_o the_o great_a temple_n of_o saint_n michael_n then_o a_o little_a low_o be_v our_o lady_n church_n in_o honour_n of_o this_o town_n these_o four_o latin_a verse_n be_v make_v swolla_o diu_fw-la celebris_fw-la meruit_fw-la virtutibus_fw-la arma_fw-la quae_fw-la populum_fw-la fortem_fw-la nobilitare_fw-la solent_fw-la ind_n salutifera_fw-la vetere_fw-la pâ—etate_fw-la fid_fw-we que_fw-fr in_o tripolim_n recipi_fw-la faedere_fw-la digna_fw-la fuit_fw-la swoll_v virtue_n whilom_o get_v these_o arm_n that_o grace_n the_o undaunted_a troop_n that_o win_v they_o and_o their_o race_n and_o for_o her_o faith_n and_o martial_a brood_n it_o be_v she_o be_v only_o hold_v fit_a guard_n for_o tripoli_n for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o three_o imperial_a hans_n town_n of_o this_o province_n of_o oueryssell_n have_v privilege_n to_o coin_n both_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o the_o two_o other_o we_o have_v describe_v these_o three_o chief_a town_n let_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o lesser_a but_o strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v steenwyck_n be_v situate_v upon_o a_o brook_n call_v blockerzyel_n come_v out_o of_o the_o country_n not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n and_o fall_v never_o unto_o vollenhoven_v into_o the_o zuyderzee_n in_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n it_o feel_v two_o siege_n the_o one_o by_o charles_n earl_n of_o mansfeldt_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o parma_n who_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v the_o town_n be_v victual_v by_o count_n william_n lewis_n of_o nassau_n philippe_n earl_n of_o hohenloo_n and_o general_n norris_n be_v afterward_o surprise_v by_o the_o spaniard_n prince_n maurice_n go_v to_o besiege_v it_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1592._o the_o which_o he_o do_v so_o importune_a both_o by_o battery_n and_o i_o as_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o his_o man_n he_o himself_o be_v also_o shoot_v in_o the_o cheek_n he_o force_v they_o to_o yield_v by_o composition_n it_o be_v not_o ten_o year_n since_o the_o spaniard_n make_v a_o other_o enterprise_n but_o it_o succeed_v not_o it_o be_v much_o deface_v by_o these_o two_o siege_n but_o it_o now_o begin_v to_o recover_v itself_o hassel_n this_o town_n be_v call_v hassel_n upon_o the_o vidre_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o hassel_n never_o unto_o tongre_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n it_o be_v two_o league_n from_o volenhoven_n in_o ancient_a time_n a_o good_a and_o rich_a town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o river_n of_o vidre_n which_o run_v into_o the_o zuyderzee_n at_o gheelmuyden_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o two_o little_a river_n of_o regge_n and_o veecht_a it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n reasonable_o well_o fortefied_a but_o it_o have_v no_o such_o traffic_n as_o it_o it_o be_v accustom_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a town_n and_o well_o govern_v oldenzeel_v be_v the_o town_n which_o they_o call_v in_o latin_n veteres_n salij_fw-la from_o whence_o some_o will_v maintain_v but_o without_o any_o great_a ground_n that_o the_o law_n salic_a come_v it_o have_v also_o feel_v the_o fruit_n of_o their_o last_o war_n have_v be_v besiege_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1605._o and_o yield_v to_o the_o marquis_n spinola_n for_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n and_o isabella_n of_o austria_n duke_n of_o brabant_n earl_n of_o flanders_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a great_a town_n and_o of_o good_a trade_n where_o they_o make_v great_a store_n of_o fine_a linen_n cloth_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o be_v send_v into_o spain_n otmarsum_fw-la be_v call_v in_o latin_a veteres_n marsii_n which_o be_v the_o old_a marsian_o who_o pliny_n and_o titus_n livius_n do_v often_o mention_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tubantins_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v tuent_fw-la a_o quarter_n in_o the_o provice_n of_o oueryssel_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n and_o of_o small_a importance_n yet_o have_v it_o thrice_o taste_v the_o fruit_n of_o war_n as_o well_o by_o siege_n as_o otherwise_o be_v unable_a to_o endure_v a_o long_a siege_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n thereof_o lie_v in_o a_o open_a country_n whereas_o either_o party_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n may_v easy_o cut_v off_o their_o victual_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o prince_n maurice_n take_v it_o in_o less_o than_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n where_o as_o the_o siegnior_n of_o famas_fw-la general_n of_o the_o artillery_n for_o the_o estate_n be_v slay_v a_o gentleman_n much_o lament_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o man_n of_o war_n of_o his_o party_n within_o these_o three_o year_n the_o marquis_n spinola_n recover_v it_o with_o as_o much_o ease_n to_o conclude_v this_o town_n and_o oldenzeel_n be_v so_o weak_a as_o they_o must_v yield_v to_o the_o first_o enemy_n that_o come_v with_o
monastery_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o ems_n and_o lanwer_n and_o make_v a_o siegneury_n or_o province_n which_o be_v number_v among_o the_o 17._o of_o the_o netherlands_o and_o the_o eight_o in_o rank_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o be_v represent_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a province_n before_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o estate_n in_o general_n we_o will_v first_o speak_v of_o the_o town_n of_o groningue_n which_o give_v the_o name_n unto_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o name_n some_o hold_n be_v give_v it_o by_o grunnius_n issue_v from_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o king_n of_o friesland_n who_o be_v the_o founder_n and_o not_o that_o trojan_a of_o who_o sebastian_n munster_n speak_v this_o town_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a soil_n environ_v with_o goodly_a pasture_n some_o think_v that_o it_o have_v take_v the_o name_n from_o the_o green_n thereof_o this_o word_n of_o groen_n signify_v green_a ingen_n be_v as_o a_o adjective_n which_o make_v up_o the_o word_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o both_o in_o this_o and_o other_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o as_o husinghe_a finelinghe_a &_o other_o in_o the_o country_n of_o groeningue_n harlinghe_a in_o friesland_n vlaerdinghe_a in_o holland_n flissinghe_a in_o zeeland_n poperinghe_a in_o flanders_n and_o other_o else_o where_o this_o town_n with_o the_o dependence_n be_v heretofore_o give_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o the_o year_n 1057._o by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o other_o go_v before_o he_o and_o by_o their_o successor_n since_o that_o the_o norman_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o vtrecht_n whereof_o they_o give_v letter_n of_o estate_n to_o the_o say_a bishop_n of_o the_o which_o they_o have_v always_o make_v use_n until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o age_n the_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v often_o take_v from_o they_o as_o well_o by_o the_o groninger_n themselves_o as_o by_o the_o prince_n which_o have_v seize_v upon_o that_o siegneury_n among_o other_o albert_n and_o george_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v the_o gift_n from_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n and_o maximilian_n and_o edsard_n earl_n of_o embden_n who_o they_o accept_v for_o their_o lord_n all_o which_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n this_o town_n be_v enrich_v with_o two_o small_a river_n huneso_n and_o aha_o come_v out_o of_o the_o country_n of_o drenthe_n through_o the_o ommelands_n the_o which_o compass_v about_o the_o town_n meet_v in_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v call_v schaytendyep_n from_o whence_o pass_v by_o the_o town_n of_o dam_n with_o other_o small_a brook_n which_o join_v there_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o sluice_n of_o delfzyele_n into_o the_o dullart_n which_o be_v of_o the_o river_n of_o ems_n by_o the_o which_o all_o ship_n both_o great_a and_o small_a take_v their_o course_n to_o join_v with_o the_o great_a which_o anchor_n upon_o the_o dullart_n and_o so_o to_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o sea_n whether_o they_o please_v there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v twelve_o church_n in_o this_o town_n whereof_o three_o be_v parish_n church_n the_o first_o be_v saint_n martin_n the_o second_o saint_n walburge_n which_o temple_n have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o mosque_n which_o they_o say_v be_v build_v by_o pagan_n the_o parish_n be_v now_o annex_v to_o that_o of_o saint_n martin_n and_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o our_o lady_n join_v to_o one_o of_o the_o market_n place_n other_o five_o be_v monastery_n and_o the_o four_o which_o remain_v hospital_n among_o the_o cloister_n that_o of_o franciscains_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o college_n for_o scholar_n for_o the_o study_n of_o humanity_n whereof_o at_o my_o be_v there_o doctor_n vbbo_n ems_n be_v rector_n the_o other_o cloister_n &_o monastery_n be_v apply_v to_o better_a use_n then_o to_o feed_v idle_a belly_n the_o four_o hospital_n be_v entertain_v whereof_o the_o first_o which_o be_v great_a like_o a_o parish_n be_v call_v of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n the_o second_o saint_n gheertruyde_v the_o three_o saint_n james_n and_o the_o four_o saint_n anthony_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n two_o goodly_a market_n place_n the_o one_o for_o the_o greatness_n be_v call_v dat-brede_n mark_v very_o great_a and_o spacious_a the_o like_a whereof_o be_v not_o be_v see_v in_o any_o other_o town_n begin_v from_o saint_n martin_n churchyard_n go_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o be_v the_o town-house_n never_o unto_o it_o be_v the_o other_o marketplace_n not_o much_o less_o which_o go_v to_o our_o lady_n church_n which_o they_o call_v ter_n aha_o or_o fish_n market_n at_o which_o two_o market_n place_n which_o be_v a_o goodly_a thing_n to_o see_v there_o meet_v 17._o of_o the_o great_a street_n of_o the_o town_n whereof_o six_o go_v to_o several_a gate_n be_v eight_o in_o all_o that_o be_v to_o poel_n port_n ooster_n port_n heren_n port_n ter_n aa_o port_n botteringe_v port_n &_o ebb_a port_n which_o gate_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a street_n the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n time_n do_v build_v a_o citadel_n at_o heren_n port_n which_o the_o burgher_n do_v ruin_v when_o as_o gaspar_n of_o robles_n lord_n of_o billy_n a_o spaniard_n governor_n of_o the_o town_n be_v detain_v prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o soldier_n and_o the_o town_n reduce_v under_o the_o union_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v treacherous_o yield_v unto_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o george_n of_o lalain_n earl_n of_o rheneberg_n with_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o burguemaster_n and_o some_o burgher_n until_o the_o year_n 1594._o that_o prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n do_v force_v it_o by_o a_o siege_n and_o furious_a battery_n to_o submit_v itself_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o say_v general_a estate_n as_o it_o continue_v unto_o this_o day_n with_o the_o ommelande_n this_o town_n have_v between_o poel_n port_n and_o steeneille_n port_n a_o goodly_a suburb_n with_o a_o channel_n where_o the_o ship_n arrive_v which_o come_v from_o dam_n delfziell_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o country_n with_o turf_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n necessary_a for_o the_o town_n which_o suburb_n be_v so_o fortefied_a as_o the_o inhabitant_n think_v themselves_o as_o safe_a there_o as_o within_o the_o town_n it_o be_v call_v schuytendiep_n within_o these_o ten_o year_n the_o general_a estate_n for_o some_o jealousy_n which_o they_o have_v of_o the_o say_a town_n as_o well_o for_o fear_v of_o intelligence_n of_o some_o burgher_n with_o the_o spaniard_n as_o also_o to_o take_v away_o all_o occasion_n for_o enno_n earl_n of_o east_n friesland_n to_o attempt_v against_o the_o say_a town_n cause_v a_o citadel_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o which_o they_o entertain_v a_o ordinary_a garrison_n the_o which_o keep_v the_o mutin_n in_o awe_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o other_o suburb_n rampare_v like_o unto_o a_o fort_n at_o the_o port_n ter_n aa_n a_o other_o at_o the_o port_n of_o botteringe_v and_o a_o other_o beyond_o the_o citadel_n all_o which_o suburb_n have_v much_o endure_v during_o the_o siege_n and_o in_o the_o last_o war_n as_o many_o goodly_a house_n of_o pleasure_n as_o well_o of_o gentleman_n citizen_n as_o rich_a farmer_n most_o part_n ruin_v do_v yet_o smart_v for_o it_o final_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o town_n be_v such_o that_o as_o they_o may_v carry_v and_o transport_v whatsoever_o they_o please_v by_o water_n so_o may_v they_o also_o do_v by_o land_n at_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o the_o drenth_n and_o other_o neighbour_n place_n to_o the_o fronter_z of_o germany_n which_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o town_n as_o for_o the_o ommelande_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o champain_n country_n thereabouts_o which_o consist_v of_o many_o good_a bourge_n and_o village_n although_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o town_n yet_o by_o a_o mutual_a accord_n there_o be_v such_o unity_n among_o they_o as_o in_o many_o thing_n they_o have_v yield_v unto_o the_o town_n as_o the_o right_n of_o the_o market_n the_o staple_n of_o merchandise_n sell_v by_o great_a or_o by_o retail_v to_o sell_v no_o strange_a beer_n nor_o ale_n throughout_o all_o the_o country_n but_o only_o such_o as_o they_o do_v brew_v within_o the_o town_n the_o which_o be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1455._o renew_v and_o augment_v in_o the_o year_n 1482._o and_o the_o chief_a point_n wherein_o the_o ommelands_n have_v yield_v unto_o the_o town_n the_o which_o they_o have_v enjoy_v for_o these_o many_o year_n be_v touch_v matter_n of_o justice_n by_o the_o which_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o country_n be_v govern_v inferior_a
the_o low_a country_n common_a wealth_n contain_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o eight_o unite_a province_n now_o make_v free_a translate_v out_o of_o french_a ed._n grimeston_n print_v by_o g._n eld._n 1609_o to_o the_o worthy_a knight_n sir_n peter_n manwood_n sir_n after_o the_o edition_n of_o the_o netherlands_n history_n i_o be_v entreat_v to_o peruse_v and_o translate_v this_o discourse_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n write_v by_o john_n francis_n petit_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a author_n of_o that_o history_n who_o as_o he_o himself_o do_v aver_v have_v make_v a_o particular_a survey_n of_o all_o the_o province_n town_n and_o fort_n which_o be_v now_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o confederate_a estate_n and_o find_v it_o likely_a to_o give_v some_o contentment_n to_o the_o reader_n and_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o his_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o history_n as_o for_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o state_n of_o those_o province_n which_o have_v maintain_v so_o long_o and_o difficult_a a_o war_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o monarch_n i_o have_v spend_v such_o hour_n as_o i_o can_v well_o spare_v from_o my_o more_o necessary_a employment_n since_o my_o come_n into_o france_n in_o the_o traduction_n thereof_o that_o it_o may_v be_v print_v as_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o history_n the_o which_o i_o can_v recommend_v to_o any_o gentleman_n better_o deserve_v of_o i_o then_o your_o self_n unto_o who_o i_o be_o much_o bind_v for_o many_o kind_a favour_n and_o respect_n accept_v it_o good_a sir_n though_o not_o worthy_a of_o your_o view_n yet_o as_o a_o testymonie_n of_o his_o love_n and_o thankfulness_n who_o will_v always_o remain_v you_o devote_a to_o do_v you_o service_n edward_n grimeston_n orleans_n april_n 10._o stilo_fw-it novo_fw-la 1609._o a_o table_n contain_v all_o the_o name_n of_o city_n town_n castle_n burg_n and_o village_n in_o these_o eight_o unite_a province_n with_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n out_o of_o the_o say_a province_n and_o yet_o include_v in_o their_o union_n and_o first_o of_o geldres_n the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n in_o particular_a fol._n 1_o arnham_n folio_fw-la 6_o nymeghen_fw-mi 9_o ruremond_n 13_o venloo_n 14_o gelder_n 15_o stralen_n 16_o wachtendonck_n 17_o erchelens_n ibid._n echt._n 18_o montfort_n ibid._n harderwick_n ibid._n elburg_n 19_o hattem_n ibid._n wageningen_n 20_o tyell_n ibid._n bommel_n 21_o saint_n andrew_n fort._n 23_o culembourge_n 25_o battenbourg_n ibid._n buren_n 26_o the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n and_o westfreesland_n fol._n 36_o dordrecht_n 46_o harlem_n 52_o delf_n 60_o leyden_n folio_fw-la 67_o amsterdam_n 73_o goude_n 78_o enchuysen_n 87_o horn_n 89_o alckmar_n 94_o medenblick_n 100_o edam_fw-la 101_o munikendamme_n 103_o purmerende_n ibid._n muden_n 105_o naerden_n 106_o gorrichom_n 107_o worchom_n 109_o heusdin_n 111_o leerdam_n ibid._n henclom_n ibid._n aspren_n 112_o oudewater_n ibid._n rotterdam_n 113_o schiedam_fw-la 115_o bryell_n 117_o schoonhoven_n 118_o iselstein_n 119_o woerden_n ibid._n viane_n 120_o ghâ—ertruydenberg_n 121_o hage_n 122_o vlaerdinghe_a 128_o sevenberghe_n ibid._n goere_n 129_o beverwick_n ibid._n nieuport_n 131_o scage_n ibid._n nobility_n of_o holland_n from_o 136._o to_o 157_o description_n of_o the_o british_a fort_n call_v l'_fw-mi huis_fw-mi te_fw-mi britain_n 157_o zealand_n with_o the_o island_n town_n &_o burrough_n 159_o walachry_n or_o walchren_n 161_o middlebourgh_n ibid._n vere_n or_o campvere_a 165_o flâ—singhe_a 168_o arnemuyden_n 171_o dombourgh_n 174_o west-cappelle_a ibid._n soetlandt_n 175_o rammeken_n ibid._n schowen_v 176_o ziriczee_n 177_o browershaven_n 178_o zuit-bevelandt_a 179_o rommerswall_n 180_o go_v 181_o tolen_n the_o island_n and_o town_n 182_o saint_n martin_n dike_n 183_o noort-bevelandt_a ibid._n wolfers-dicke_a 184_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n in_o particular_a 189_o doesburgh_n 192_o doetecum_fw-la 193_o bronckhorst_n ibid._n lochem_n 194_o groll_n ibid._n sherenbergh_n 196_o bredefort_n ibid._n keppel_n 197_o bourg_n ibid._n the_o province_n and_o signiory_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o particular_a 198_o vtrecht_n 199_o wickter-duyrsteede_a 206_o amersfort_n 208_o rhenen_n 209_o montfort_n 210_o the_o state_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o general_n 211_o freesland_n in_o general_a 219_o lewarden_n 236_o dockum_n 242_o franiker_n 244_o bolsewaert_n 245_o staveren_n 247_o harlinghen_n 250_o sneck_v ibid._n sloten_n ibid._n ilst_n ibid._n worcum_fw-la 252_o hindelopen_fw-la ibid._n the_o seven_o forest_n 253_o oueryssell_n in_o general_n 254_o deuenter_n 259_o campen_n 260_o swoll_n 263_o steenwick_n 265_o hassel_n ibid._n oldenzeel_v 266_o otmarse_n ibid._n enschcede_fw-la 267_o vollenhoven_n ibid._n geelmuyden_n 268_o meppell_n ibid._n hardenbergh_n 269_o coevoorden_n ibid._n rise_v 270_o diepenhem_n ibid._n ghoer_n 271_o delden_n ibid._n almeloo_n ibid._n wilsen_n ibid._n graffhorst_a 272_o gronninghen_n and_o the_o ommelandt_n in_o general_n 273_o dam_v 287_o delfziell_n ibid._n town_n and_o fort_n out_o of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o yet_o comprise_v in_o their_o union_n 289_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n berghen_fw-mi upon_o soom_n 289_o breda_n 290_o steenberghen_n 293_o william-stadt_a ibid._n cluyndert_fw-ge 294_o lilloo_o ibid._n ter-heyden_n 295_o town_n and_o fortress_n that_o the_o state_n hold_v in_o flanders_n 296_o sluice_n ibid._n ardenbourgh_n 298_o ysendike_n ibid._n lyefkens-hoeck_a 299_o terneuse_n 300_o axle_n ibid._n fortress_n hold_v by_o the_o state_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n 301_o borentangâ—_n ibid._n bellinger-wolder-ziell_a 302_o finis_fw-la the_o belgic_a commonweal_n or_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o the_o eight_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n there_o be_v great_a contradiction_n of_o opinion_n betwixt_o both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n touch_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi the_o which_o they_o can_v hardly_o reconcile_v neither_o will_v i_o under-take_v the_o charge_n marlian_n say_v that_o in_o julius_n caesar_n time_n the_o contrie_n which_o be_v now_o call_v gelder_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o menapiens_fw-la other_o hold_v that_o it_o be_v the_o abode_n of_o the_o sicambrian_n whereunto_o i_o will_v yield_v and_o that_o under_o that_o name_n the_o clevois_n be_v comprehend_v through_o who_o country_n as_o well_o as_o through_o gelder_n the_o river_n of_o rhine_n do_v run_v the_o which_o do_v cast_v one_o of_o his_o branch_n betwixt_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o cleves_n be_v call_v wahal_n at_o the_o division_n of_o the_o island_n of_o sgraven-weerdt_a where_o that_o mighty_a fort_n be_v first_o build_v by_o colonel_n martin_n schenck_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o great_a esteem_n for_o which_o island_n there_o have_v be_v long_a debate_n betwixt_o the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n and_o cleves_n the_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o decide_v &_o be_v begin_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n father_n to_o this_o last_o duke_n the_o battavians_n or_o hollander_n do_v also_o hold_v a_o part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v gelder_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o in_o caesar_n time_n the_o sicambrian_n do_v inhabit_v on_o either-side_n of_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o country_n of_o cleves_n and_o geldres_n as_o wezel_n on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o burich_n cleef_n and_o other_o of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v of_o the_o duchy_n of_o cleves_n and_o of_o geldres_n nymegen_n lie_v of_o the_o one_o side_n and_o arnham_n on_o the_o other_o so_o as_o we_o may_v right_o say_v that_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o wahal_n do_v run_v through_o these_o two_o province_n for_o the_o sicambrian_n have_v often_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o roman_n augustus_n who_o succeed_v caesar_n as_o strabo_n suctonius_n &_o other_o do_v write_v to_o be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o they_o and_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n transport_v a_o good_a number_n of_o they_o with_o other_o people_n on_o this_o side_n the_o rhine_n and_o there_o plant_v they_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o the_o menapian_n do_v not_o first_o inhabit_v all_o that_o country_n which_o lie_v along_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n to_o who_o the_o sicambrian_n do_v afterward_o succeed_v who_o enjoy_v a_o great_a continent_n of_o ground_n on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o far_o as_o the_o vbiens_n and_o on_o the_o other_o unto_o the_o ocean_n sea_n the_o which_o marlian_n confirm_v by_o these_o word_n the_o sicambrian_n plant_v whereas_o the_o two_o great_a river_n of_o rhine_n and_o meuse_n do_v meet_v and_o join_v extend_v themselves_o unto_o the_o ocean_n sea_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v the_o sicambrian_n be_v people_n whole_o germains_n inhabit_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n never_o unto_o the_o vbiens_fw-la and_o eburones_n which_o be_v the_o people_n of_o cologne_n &_o liege_n so_o as_o we_o can_v say_v that_o those_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v geldrois_n have_v the_o name_n of_o sicambrian_n only_o but_o that_o under_o that_o name_n be_v
entrance_n and_o so_o of_o that_o word_n and_o of_o ru_a the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v compound_v as_o many_o other_o be_v find_v in_o the_o netherlands_o of_o the_o like_a definition_n as_o dendermond_n in_o flanders_n isselmond_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o in_o latin_a it_o be_v call_v ruremunda_n five_o league_n from_o maistricht_n &_o three_o from_o venloo_n a_o town_n well_o people_v rich_a &_o well_o build_v strong_a both_o by_o nature_n and_o by_o art_n of_o fortification_n of_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a town_n of_o gelder_n chief_a of_o one_o of_o the_o quarter_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n be_v comprehend_v the_o town_n of_o venlo_n gelder_n stralen_n wachtendonck_n and_o erâ—kelans_n all_o wall_a and_o strong_a with_o three_o small_a bouroughe_n montfort_n vucht_v and_o nyeustadt_n one_o a_o league_n distant_a from_o another_o which_o be_v under_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a town_n as_o also_o they_o of_o kessel_n middeler_n and_o creykenbeeck_n within_o sixty_o year_n this_o town_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v the_o bishop_n sea_n for_o the_o whole_a duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n more_o priest_n and_o monk_n in_o iâ—_n then_o in_o any_o other_o town_n in_o the_o country_n they_o have_v have_v their_o share_n of_o trouble_n in_o these_o last_o war_n but_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n as_o many_o other_o a_o good_a league_n from_o ruremond_n be_v the_o goodly_a village_n of_o kessell_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o a_o mountain_n belong_v to_o a_o private_a lord_n from_o which_o village_n there_o be_v a_o little_a angle_n of_o the_o country_n call_v landt-van-kessell_a which_o be_v of_o the_o domain_v of_o the_o duchy_n this_o place_n of_o kessell_n be_v sometime_o a_o town_n of_o great_a importance_n the_o which_o ptolomey_n call_v castelleum_n &_o make_v it_o the_o metropolitaine_n of_o the_o menapian_n this_o town_n of_o ruremond_n with_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n be_v at_o this_o day_n subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n venloo_n it_o be_v upon_o the_o right_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o mouse_n three_o league_n from_o ruremond_n and_o half_a a_o league_n from_o stralen_n it_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o strong_a town_n the_o people_n be_v martial_a and_o give_v to_o arm_n and_o have_v in_o former_a time_n resist_v a_o imperial_a army_n and_o although_o it_o have_v often_o have_v garrison_n of_o walloon_n german_n spaniard_n and_o italian_o yet_o they_o have_v always_o find_v mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o by_o some_o device_n and_o to_o set_v the_o garrison_n at_o division_n one_o against_o a_o other_o the_o citizen_n fortefy_v one_o of_o the_o party_n and_o chase_v away_o the_o other_o then_o find_v they_o strong_a enough_o for_o that_o which_o remain_v and_o which_o have_v favour_v they_o they_o expel_v they_o also_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1578._o to_o the_o signior_n of_o esstournelles_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1591._o to_o otto_n bentinck_n their_o governor_n remane_v notwithstanding_o always_o faithful_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n to_o who_o they_o know_v well_o how_o to_o excuse_v themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1601._o prince_n maurice_n make_v a_o gallant_a enterprise_n upon_o the_o say_a town_n but_o be_v ill_o second_v the_o burgher_n have_v take_v arm_n and_o recover_v their_o port_n it_o succeed_v not_o so_o as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o of_o his_o captain_n in_o this_o town_n william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n have_v lose_v all_o his_o duchy_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o juilliers_n and_o cleves_n come_v in_o the_o year_n 1543._o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o where_o he_o be_v receive_v into_o grace_n renounce_v the_o league_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o french_a and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o emperor_n brother_n &_o absolute_o renounce_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n as_o we_o have_v show_v more_o ample_o in_o another_o place_n gelder_n the_o town_n of_o gelder_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a ducthy_a be_v within_o two_o small_a league_n of_o stralen_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v without_o the_o town_n but_o now_o it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o fortification_n this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o pont_n aduocats_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o gelder_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o habitation_n separate_v by_o a_o water_n upon_o the_o which_o there_o be_v a_o bridge_n which_o give_v access_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o seat_v in_o a_o country_n somewhat_o moorish_a and_o not_o very_o accessible_a to_o plant_v the_o canon_n this_o town_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o last_o trouble_n be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n protectress_n of_o the_o union_n have_v place_v colonel_n patton_n a_o scottishman_n for_o governor_n there_o he_o sell_v it_o for_o thirty_o thousand_o crown_n in_o ready_a money_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n in_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n name_n retain_v to_o him-self_n the_o horse_n and_o movable_n of_o colonel_n schenck_n and_o the_o ransom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o rich_a and_o best_a citizen_n and_o so_o this_o town_n return_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n as_o it_o be_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n stralen_n this_o town_n be_v but_o a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wachtendonck_n a_o small_a town_n but_o sufficient_o fortify_v for_o the_o importance_n thereof_o be_v too_o near_o to_o venlo_n in_o the_o which_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n entertain_v a_o ordinary_a garrison_n under_o some_o governor_n or_o captain_n who_o they_o place_v there_o wachtendonch_n be_v also_o a_o small_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o a_o private_a lord_n the_o which_o in_o the_o year_n 1588._o hold_v the_o party_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n after_o that_o he_o have_v fail_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o berghen_n up_o zoom_n send_v cont_n charles_n of_o mansfeldt_n to_o besiege_v it_o where_o in_o the_o end_n he_o force_v they_o to_o yield_v in_o the_o year_n 1600._o cont_n lodowick_n of_o nassau_n surprise_v it_o for_o the_o unite_a estate_n after_o which_o the_o garrison_n of_o gelder_n stralen_n and_o other_o thereabouts_o surprise_v it_o again_o but_o not_o able_a to_o take_v the_o castle_n they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v it_o so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o who_o receive_v it_o by_o composition_n for_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n erchelens_n some_o will_v say_v that_o this_o town_n have_v take_v his_o name_n of_o hercules_n allemanicus_n it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o fronter_z of_o the_o duchy_n of_o juilliers_n four_o league_n from_o ruremond_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n obedient_a with_o the_o like_a garrison_n unto_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n but_o let_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o town_n which_o be_v seat_v as_o well_o upon_o zuyderzee_n as_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n wahal_n meuze_fw-fr and_o issell_n first_o echt_n it_o be_v a_o league_n from_o the_o meuze_fw-fr and_o as_o far_o from_o montfort_n on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o goodly_a wood_n which_o they_o call_v echterwout_n montfort_n it_o be_v a_o castle_n of_o importance_n the_o which_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o small_a town_n it_o lie_v a_o league_n from_o ruermond_n harderwick_n it_o be_v a_o a_o indifferent_a good_a town_n lie_v upon_o the_o zuyderzee_n yet_o the_o haven_n be_v bad_a so_o as_o the_o ship_n be_v force_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o road_n notwithstanding_o charles_n duke_n of_o gelder_n send_v five_o ship_n well_o man_v with_o soldier_n out_o of_o that_o town_n think_v to_o surprise_v the_o town_n of_o horn_n in_o westfreezeland_a whereof_o he_o fail_v in_o the_o year_n 1503._o this_o town_n be_v by_o chance_n set_v on_o fire_n the_o which_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hour_n it_o be_v all_o consume_v to_o ash_n except_o five_o or_o six_o house_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o the_o death_n of_o many_o person_n which_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o fire_n or_o smother_v under_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o wall_n the_o which_o be_v a_o fearful_a and_o pitiful_a sight_n since_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n new_o build_v and_o make_v more_o beautiful_a and_o strong_a than_o before_o there_o be_v some_o rich_a and_o civil_a people_n in_o it_o the_o magistrate_n entertain_v a_o
cornelius_n tacitus_n attribute_v much_o to_o their_o industry_n and_o dexterity_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o a_o army_n and_o also_o in_o obey_v their_o commander_n to_o take_v or_o put_v of_o the_o combat_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a of_o great_a courage_n firm_a and_o hard_a body_n well_o lym_v of_o a_o fierce_a and_o menace_a aspect_n fearful_a for_o the_o horrible_a length_n of_o their_o beard_n and_o hair_n which_o fashion_n and_o countenance_n he_o say_v be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o leave_v off_o or_o change_v although_o they_o have_v bring_v victory_n from_o their_o enemy_n some_o say_v that_o batto_n issue_v from_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o the_o cat_n be_v move_v to_o change_v his_o natural_a abode_n to_o a_o new_a one_o not_o for_o the_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o find_v a_o better_a or_o more_o fertile_a country_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o too_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o people_n which_o be_v the_o two_o main_a occasion_n that_o nation_n remove_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n but_o that_o his_o stepmother_n lay_v diverse_a ambush_n for_o he_o and_o fear_v to_o be_v poison_v be_v at_o odds_n with_o she_o his_o father_n consent_v thereto_o or_o at_o least_o not_o oppose_v it_o by_o reason_n whereof_o what_o with_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o heroical_a virtue_n his_o gracious_a and_o amiable_a carriage_n and_o his_o condition_n true_o royal_a he_o draw_v unto_o he_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v out_o of_o hope_n of_o better_a time_n follow_v he_o willing_o and_o by_o the_o council_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tongre_n his_o good_a father_n he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o belgiae_n there_o to_o inhabit_v and_o have_v past_o the_o rind_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n and_o of_o meuze_fw-fr he_o happy_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o battengbourgh_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o meuze_fw-fr which_o have_v pass_v at_o the_o part_n of_o the_o rind_n where_o the_o wahal_n retire_v and_o take_v his_o course_n apart_o he_o enjoy_v all_o the_o whole_a circuit_n even_o to_o the_o ocean_n sea_n part_v the_o land_n among_o the_o noble_n and_o common_a people_n so_o that_o of_o his_o name_n it_o be_v call_v battavia_n which_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o heritage_n of_o batto_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v batous_a have_v for_o have_v in_o the_o old_a dutch_a and_o yet_o at_o this_o present_a signify_v heritage_n so_o that_o then_o this_o province_n have_v take_v his_o name_n and_o that_o lawful_o from_o a_o prince_n the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n all_o which_o be_v witness_v by_o diverse_a author_n among_o who_o the_o most_o worthy_a of_o belief_n be_v cornelius_n tacitus_n a_o roman_a knight_n a_o rare_a writer_n of_o the_o story_n of_o augustus_n and_o commissary_n for_o gaul_n belgic_a who_o make_v mention_n of_o claudius_n civilis_fw-la descend_v from_o batto_n issue_v from_o a_o royal_a branch_n of_o the_o batavians_n or_o hollander_n here_o you_o may_v see_v that_o plyny_n not_o without_o great_a reason_n call_v this_o isle_n the_o most_o noble_a isle_n of_o batto_n the_o which_o name_n of_o batto_n have_v heretofore_o spread_v itself_o very_o far_o among_o the_o allemans_n and_o dalmatian_n and_o dion_n a_o roman_a historiographer_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o battoe_n the_o first_o batto_n duke_n of_o bruce_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o pannonia_n which_o i_o now_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o country_n of_o prussia_n confine_v poland_n &_o hungary_n the_o other_o batto_n desidiate_n who_o stir_v up_o the_o dalmatian_n be_v too_o much_o exact_v upon_o by_o imposition_n to_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o roman_n to_o who_o he_o give_v many_o affront_n the_o same_o dion_n report_v in_o his_o 55._o &_o 56._o book_n a_o memorable_a answer_n that_o the_o say_v battus_n give_v tiberius_n caesar_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o why_o he_o have_v stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o so_o long_a and_o bloody_a a_o war_n answer_v that_o the_o roman_n then-selue_n be_v cause_n in_o that_o they_o have_v send_v they_o wolf_n for_o their_o gardiens_n not_o dog_n &_o shepherd_n but_o as_o it_o common_o happen_v among_o these_o barbarous_a nation_n through_o the_o weakness_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o man_n of_o those_o time_n we_o have_v nothing_o leave_v we_o whereby_o we_o may_v know_v who_o be_v the_o kinsman_n or_o successor_n to_o this_o batto_n of_o holland_n so_o that_o we_o know_v not_o any_o thing_n for_o certain_a of_o their_o custom_n or_o manner_n of_o live_v but_o that_o tacitus_n have_v touch_v at_o they_o as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o pass_v by_o and_o that_o brief_o some_o say_v that_o this_o batto_n re-edefied_n the_o castle_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi and_o compass_v the_o town_n with_o wall_n &_o that_o he_o be_v dead_a his_o son_n hesus_n augment_v it_o by_o add_v thereto_o that_o quarter_n which_o be_v call_v heselbergh_n or_o the_o hill_n of_o hesus_n the_o which_o town_n the_o king_n that_o succeed_v after_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v the_o metropolitaine_fw-mi of_o batavia_n or_o holland_n and_o their_o siege_n royal_a all_o which_o gerard_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi recite_v affirm_v that_o he_o have_v draw_v they_o from_o the_o commentary_n of_o prince_n strabo_n the_o geographer_n make_v mention_n of_o one_o peremire_n king_n of_o the_o batavians_n who_o have_v a_o daughter_n call_v rhamis_n marry_v to_o the_o son_n of_o siquier_n duke_n of_o the_o cherusques_fw-fr who_o afterward_o be_v lead_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n by_o germanicus_n caesar_n i_o have_v not_o know_v any_o man_n that_o have_v write_v how_o great_a the_o limit_n be_v or_o how_o far_o the_o inheritance_n of_o batto_n extend_v some_o have_v make_v it_o too_o little_a in_o take_v away_o a_o great_a part_n from_o it_o wherefore_o i_o will_v assign_v he_o his_o confine_n to_o a_o hair_n as_o it_o be_v to_o remain_v firm_a and_o stable_a for_o ever_o batavia_n then_o which_o i_o call_v the_o ancient_a take_v heretofore_o his_o beginning_n from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o rind_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o lober_n &_o be_v enclose_v on_o one_o side_n with_o that_o which_o we_o proper_o call_v the_o rind_n which_o have_v wont_a to_o fall_v near_o unto_o catwick_n into_o the_o british_a ocean_n which_o gulf_n be_v now_o choke_v up_o as_o we_o will_v show_v hereafter_o and_o the_o wahal_n from_o whence_o fall_v again_o into_o the_o merwe_v and_o from_o thence_o into_o that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o meuze_fw-fr pass_v by_o bryel_n render_v he_o self_n into_o the_o same_o sea_n in_o which_o compass_n and_o circuit_n of_o the_o rind_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o town_n and_o to_o begin_v above_o first_o huessen_n tyell_n buiren_n wickterduir_v vtrecht_n viane_n culembourg_n aspeney_n henâ—lâ—â—_n leerdan_n iselsteyne_v montfort_n woerden_n oudewater_n gorcum_n wandrichom_n schoonhoven_n dordrecht_n goud_z leyden_n delft_n rotterdam_n schiedan_n and_o the_o bryell_n i_o will_v not_o meddle_v with_o nieuport_n right_o over_o against_o schoonhoven_n and_o haesrecht_n for_o that_o by_o their_o ruin_n other_o town_n have_v be_v augment_v if_o any_o oppose_v to_o the_o designment_n of_o the_o limit_n say_v that_o the_o betuwe_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelderland_n be_v that_o which_o proper_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v batavia_n i_o will_v send_v he_o to_o the_o judge_n and_o principal_a defender_n of_o the_o cause_n ptolomeus_n of_o alexandria_n who_o put_v lugodunum_n which_o be_v leyden_n among_o the_o batautan_n where_o he_o say_v express_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lugodunum_n battavorum_fw-la which_o be_v a_o town_n distant_a four_o thousand_o pace_n from_o thence_o what_o will_v this_o controller_n say_v of_o caesar_n measure_v of_o it_o who_o reckon_v it_o to_o be_v fourscore_o thousand_o pace_n after_o it_o part_n from_o the_o rind_n before_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o sea_n between_o which_o two_o river_n he_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o batavian_n isle_n be_v enclose_v tacitus_n himself_o end_v it_o at_o the_o meuze_fw-fr from_o whence_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o sea_n this_o inheritance_n of_o battus_n which_o i_o willing_o call_v the_o old_a batavia_n for_o that_o certain_a hundreth_n of_o year_n after_o his_o death_n drusus_n of_o two_o branch_n or_o gulf_n make_v three_o the_o 3._o fall_v into_o the_o middle_a sea_n common_o call_v zuyderzee_n first_o pass_v by_o campen_n in_o the_o country_n of_o oueryssell_n amplify_a thereby_o the_o territory_n of_o batavia_n the_o which_o he_o do_v to_o excercise_n his_o army_n to_o prevent_v idleness_n in_o they_o beginning_n at_o iseloort_n which_o branch_n be_v call_v the_o river_n of_o isell_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o he_o give_v they_o a_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o rind_n more_o large_a and_o spacious_a which_o we_o may_v call_v a_o
cromer_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o poland_n write_v that_o in_o cracovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1269._o the_o wife_n of_o the_o earl_n buboslas_n be_v deliver_v of_o six_o and_o thirty_o child_n all_o live_n the_o which_o be_v against_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o physic_n and_o natural_a philosophy_n yea_o against_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n itself_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n but_o have_v some_o exception_n whereas_o the_o grace_n or_o divine_a vengeance_n interpose_v itself_o the_o which_o overrule_v nature_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o element_n vlaerdinghe_a although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o borroughe_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o the_o wall_a town_n of_o holland_n the_o river_n of_o mouse_n upon_o who_o bank_n it_o stand_v have_v in_o a_o manner_n eat_v it_o up_o with_o the_o castle_n and_o by_o great_a tempest_n drive_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n thierry_n of_o wasenare_n do_v maintain_v that_o it_o ought_v be_v call_v verdinge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tolle_fw-la which_o do_v yet_o belong_v unto_o the_o lord_n of_o wassenare_n where_o they_o do_v bargain_n as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v it_o be_v two_o league_n distant_a as_o well_o from_o delfe_n as_o rotterdam_n sevenberghe_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o mâ—ruve_n three_o league_n beneath_o gheertruydenberghe_n and_o as_o much_o from_o breda_n the_o town_n lie_v open_a it_o be_v small_a but_o reasonable_a good_a where_o there_o be_v a_o mighty_a fort_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o trouble_n the_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o garrison_n for_o the_o unite_a estate_n it_o belong_v now_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o aremberghe_n who_o have_v liberty_n from_o the_o estate_n that_o pay_v contribution_n it_o shall_v remaineneuter_n as_o it_o have_v do_v all_o the_o above_o name_v town_n although_o they_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o those_o of_o brabant_n and_o flanders_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a be_v for_o the_o 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the_o north_n side_n to_o the_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o norman_n which_o come_v out_o of_o denmark_n and_o suedland_n give_v the_o name_n whereof_o that_o worthy_a man_n janus_n douza_n be_v lord_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o child_n then_o have_v you_o osterwyck_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o vandal_n or_o esterling_n unless_o that_o â—oppo_n lord_n of_o arckel_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o esterwyck_n then_o be_v there_o naeldwycke_n whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o direct_a line_n be_v dead_a and_o now_o it_o belong_v unto_o the_o earl_n of_o arembergh_n where_o there_o be_v a_o chanonry_n martin_n van_n dorp_n a_o great_a divine_a and_o a_o poet_n be_v bear_v there_o after_o it_o be_v riswyck_n never_o unto_o the_o hage_n stolwyck_n famous_a for_o the_o good_a cheese_n which_o be_v make_v there_o never_o unto_o goude_n bleyswyck_n belong_v unto_o the_o siegnior_n of_o bronckhurst_n brerdwyck_n be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o bard_n gaul_n or_o of_o the_o lombard_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n brandwyck_n schalcwyck_n and_o hontwyck_n whereof_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o write_v the_o etimology_n &_o beginning_n nieuport_n be_v on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o leck_n right_a against_o schoonhoven_n it_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n a_o good_a town_n but_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o human_a thing_n be_v frail_a and_o transitory_a it_o seem_v that_o the_o spoil_n of_o barbarous_a nation_n &_o the_o intestine_a war_n which_o they_o have_v have_v in_o holland_n have_v bring_v it_o to_o decay_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o a_o good_a borough_n scage_n it_o be_v a_o good_a bourg_n well_o build_v like_o unto_o a_o town_n the_o market_n place_n be_v make_v of_o a_o triangle_n form_n and_o go_v into_o three_o street_n where_o there_o be_v little_a passage_n from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o it_o have_v the_o best_a &_o most_o fruitful_a soil_n of_o all_o holland_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n the_o burgher_n be_v very_o rich_a there_o be_v a_o goodly_a castle_n all_o which_o belong_v unto_o the_o siegnior_n of_o scagen_n and_o barchom_n who_o descend_v from_o duke_n albertus_n of_o bavaria_n earl_n of_o holland_n it_o be_v a_o infinite_a thing_n to_o describe_v the_o other_o bourg_n and_o village_n of_o the_o say_a county_n the_o which_o we_o will_v omit_v and_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o castle_n as_o well_o of_o those_o which_o have_v be_v ruin_v during_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o hooc_v &_o cabillaux_fw-fr as_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v among_o those_o which_o be_v ruin_v be_v the_o castle_n of_o brederode_n half_o a_o league_n from_o harlem_n and_o of_o egmont_n be_v 5000._o pace_n from_o alcmar_n it_o be_v first_o ruin_v long_o since_o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o revenge_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o egmont_n the_o father_n leave_v the_o nobleman_n of_o the_o netherlands_o who_o have_v enter_v into_o league_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n the_o which_o cost_v he_o his_o head_n and_o for_o that_o the_o son_n in_o steed_n of_o revenge_v the_o ignominious_a death_n of_o their_o father_n follow_v the_o spaniard_n party_n then_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o teylingen_n where_o as_o the_o countess_n jaqueline_n take_v great_a delight_n betwixt_o leyden_n and_o harlem_n ruin_v also_o never_o unto_o the_o wall_n but_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o repair_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o town_n of_o schoonhoven_n be_v the_o great_a and_o mighty_a castle_n of_o lysfeldt_n never_o unto_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o leck_n belong_v unto_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswyck_n if_o of_o late_a year_n he_o have_v not_o exchange_v it_o together_o with_o the_o town_n of_o woerden_n with_o philippe_n earl_n of_o hohenlo_n at_o vianen_n there_o be_v also_o a_o fair_a
retain_v unto_o this_o day_n the_o trade_n of_o many_o great_a ship_n which_o arrive_v there_o daily_a laiden_n with_o diverse_a sort_n of_o merchandise_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o other_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o except_o salt_n come_v from_o spain_n france_n and_o other_o place_n the_o which_o remain_v there_o to_o be_v refine_v for_o the_o which_o there_o be_v many_o salt-panne_n '_o build_v along_o and_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dyke_n where_o it_o be_v boil_a and_o make_v white_a and_o then_o they_o lade_v it_o and_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o place_n and_o although_o that_o new_a arnemuyden_n be_v not_o wall_v in_o until_o the_o year_n 1572._o yet_o have_v it_o be_v hold_v of_o all_o foreign_a nation_n for_o a_o town_n of_o good_a esteem_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n for_o which_o respect_n the_o earl_n of_o holland_n and_o zeeland_n do_v in_o old_a time_n establish_v their_o toll_v and_o custom_n due_a unto_o the_o county_n of_o zeeland_n this_o town_n have_v always_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n with_o the_o town_n of_o middlebourg_n as_o bourgeses_n and_o subject_n thereof_o until_o the_o year_n 1572._o that_o they_o follow_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n party_n soon_o after_o the_o spaniard_n surprise_v it_o spoil_v it_o slay_v some_o and_o the_o rest_n flee_v wander_v up_o and_o down_o until_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1574._o the_o town_n of_o middelbourg_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v unto_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n arnemuyden_n be_v also_o comprehend_v in_o the_o accord_n so_o as_o the_o i_o will_v of_o walchren_n be_v then_o free_v every_o man_n return_v to_o his_o house_n so_o as_o by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o town_n be_v fortefied_a as_o you_o see_v it_o at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o reedefy_v whereof_o the_o prince_n give_v it_o goodly_a privilege_n and_o freedom_n be_v exempt_a from_o the_o subjection_n of_o vasselage_n be_v subject_a to_o middelbourg_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o contract_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v wall_v and_o ditcht_v he_o give_v they_o the_o right_n and_o prerogative_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o good_a town_n govern_v by_o their_o own_o magistrate_n bailiff_n bourguemaster_n alderman_n and_o other_o officer_n which_o they_o of_o middelbourg_n be_v accustom_v to_o choose_v but_o now_o they_o dispose_v of_o all_o matter_n concern_v justice_n and_o government_n themselves_o the_o town_n of_o arnemuyden_n have_v for_o many_o year_n a_o particular_a lord_n carrying_z the_o title_n of_o siegnior_n of_o arnemuyden_n the_o last_o be_v call_v gyles_n of_o arnemuyden_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1418._o be_v make_v knight_n and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o wolphart_n van_fw-mi borsselle_n by_o who_o he_o have_v two_o daughter_n the_o one_o mary_n the_o other_o marguerite_n of_o arnemuyden_n mary_n marry_v with_o nichâ—las_n of_o borssele_n siegnior_n of_o brigdame_n coudekerke_n soeteland_n and_o saint_n laurence_n from_o who_o be_v issue_v the_o house_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n marguerite_n marry_v william_n of_o vriese_n siegnior_n of_o oosteinde_n from_o whence_o be_v descend_v the_o house_n of_o trasigny_n and_o as_o the_o say_v giles_n be_v the_o last_o lord_n which_o carry_v that_o name_n his_o house_n fall_v to_o the_o distaff_n those_o of_o this_o town_n for_o the_o love_n of_o he_o carry_v his_o arm_n in_o their_o seal_n and_o armoury_n which_o they_o use_v to_o bear_v and_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n two_o eagle_n or_o in_o a_o field_n geules_n arm_v and_o encompass_v with_o azure_a and_o in_o the_o midst_n a_o sandhill_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n dombourg_n although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o open_a place_n which_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o cover_v with_o sand_n notwithstanding_o all_o remedy_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o wind_n drive_v the_o sand_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o down_n which_o cover_v their_o garden_n and_o pasture_n yet_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a town_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o walchren_n whereof_o there_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v some_o old_a ruin_n of_o wall_n it_o retain_v still_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n &_o municipal_a right_n as_o the_o best_a town_n of_o the_o say_a island_n west_n cappelle_fw-fr this_o place_n bourg_n or_o village_n howsoever_o you_o will_v call_v it_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n of_o other_o town_n for_o that_o the_o ancient_a west_n cappelle_fw-fr which_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o good_a town_n and_o have_v the_o best_a port_n in_o all_o the_o island_n of_o walchren_n which_o about_o 150._o year_n since_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o there_o remain_v nothing_o but_o what_o we_o see_v of_o the_o old_a building_n have_v notwithstanding_o be_v enlarge_v with_o new_a house_n within_o these_o thirty_o year_n the_o which_o make_v it_o more_o commendable_a soeteland_n be_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n a_o good_a place_n so_o term_v as_o a_o sweet_a country_n and_o so_o it_o be_v the_o sweet_a soil_n and_o the_o best_a seat_n in_o all_o the_o island_n which_o make_v the_o merchant_n of_o middelbourg_n and_o flissinghe_a to_o walk_v thither_o whereas_o after_o they_o have_v recreate_v themselves_o they_o return_v at_o night_n to_o their_o house_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o island_n many_o goodly_a village_n as_o oo_v and_o west_n suybourg_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n one_o from_o the_o other_o betwixt_o flissinghe_a and_o middelbourg_n at_o west_n suybourg_n there_o be_v a_o good_a castle_n the_o which_o with_o the_o village_n do_v now_o belong_v unto_o the_o heir_n of_o phillippe_n the_o marnix_n siegnior_n of_o saint_n aldegonde_n the_o light_n of_o learned_a man_n of_o our_o age_n in_o which_o castle_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o remain_v until_o the_o wind_n proon_v fair_a to_o embark_v to_o make_v his_o last_o return_n into_o spain_n but_o we_o may_v not_o forget_v the_o important_a castle_n of_o rammeken_n otherwise_o call_v zeebourg_n which_o about_o 60._o year_n since_o the_o lady_n mary_n queen_n of_o hungary_n sister_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o governess_n of_o the_o netherlands_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o dyke_n betwixt_o middelbourg_n &_o flissing_n serve_v as_o a_o bulwark_n for_o all_o ship_n that_o be_v force_v for_o want_n of_o a_o good_a wind_n to_o come_v and_o anchor_n in_o the_o road_n this_o castle_n be_v always_o well_o man_v with_o a_o good_a garrison_n and_o with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o a_o place_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o be_v entertain_v and_o well_o keep_v as_o any_o other_o in_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n desire_v to_o have_v it_o with_o the_o town_n of_o flissinghe_a and_o bryele_n for_o caution_n of_o the_o money_n which_o she_o do_v lend_v unto_o the_o unite_a estate_n some_o twenty_o year_n since_o schowen_v in_o latin_a call_v schaldia_n a_o flvuio_n schaldi_n of_o the_o river_n of_o escault_n in_o old_a time_n a_o great_a island_n but_o the_o tempest_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v wonderful_o dyminish_v it_o it_o have_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n above_o eight_o league_n in_o circuit_n and_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o never_o unto_o the_o island_n of_o north-bevelandt_a as_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v talk_v together_o from_o one_o bank_n unto_o the_o other_o whereas_o since_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a distance_n but_o within_o these_o twelve_o year_n that_o the_o say_a island_n of_o north-bevelandt_a have_v be_v recover_v they_o be_v neeâ—er_o this_o island_n be_v as_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a of_o all_o thing_n as_o any_o other_o in_o zeeland_n and_o therefore_o it_o hold_v the_o second_o rank_n at_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a province_n in_o the_o which_o the_o sovereign_a judge_n of_o the_o east_n of_o zeeland_n do_v common_o reside_v who_o they_o call_v the_o receiver_n of_o beâ—osterghelt_n who_o have_v all_o power_n of_o cryminall_a cause_n in_o that_o quarter_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v ziriczee_n this_o town_n be_v hold_v for_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o county_n of_o zeeland_n and_o as_o some_o say_v it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o netherlands_o that_o it_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 849._o by_o one_o call_v zyringus_n who_o name_n it_o carry_v in_o ancient_a time_n very_o famous_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n whereunto_o it_o be_v very_o commodious_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o goodly_a port_n which_o the_o merchant_n do_v usual_o frequent_a but_o the_o sand_n have_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n stop_v up_o the_o haven_n it_o be_v now_o less_o frequent_v within_o these_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o year_n the_o townsman_n have_v make_v a_o new_a
which_o be_v the_o six_o principal_a town_n the_o rest_n have_v no_o voice_n nor_o access_n unto_o the_o say_a estate_n with_o their_o recorder_n and_o secretary_n behold_v wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o zealand_n consist_v in_o that_o court_n there_o do_v also_o remain_v the_o council_n or_o college_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o the_o say_a contie_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o say_a estate_n with_o a_o advocate_n â—scall_n and_o a_o secretary_n in_o which_o counsel_n all_o sea-cause_n be_v determine_v the_o county_n of_o zealand_n have_v draw_v unto_o itself_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o the_o chamber_n of_o accoumpte_n touch_v the_o domain_v and_o of_o all_o the_o revenue_n proceed_v as_o well_o from_o custom_n impost_n rent_n collection_n and_o contribution_n as_o other_o dependence_n of_o the_o receipt_n concern_v the_o whole_a estate_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v entreat_v of_o and_o decide_v joint_o with_o the_o contie_n of_o holland_n and_o westfreezland_n for_o which_o three_o there_o be_v but_o one_o chamber_n of_o accoumpte_n at_o the_o hage_n this_o chamber_n of_o zealand_n have_v a_o precedent_n master_n auditor_n register_n usher_n and_o other_o officer_n the_o say_v conty_n of_o zealand_n have_v now_o a_o particular_a coin_n establish_v in_o the_o court_n of_o middelbourg_n which_o they_o be_v not_o accustom_v to_o have_v no_o more_o then_o westfreezeland_a have_v but_o one_o mint_n thirty_o year_n since_o for_o all_o three_o in_o dordrecht_n the_o capitol_n town_n of_o holland_n where_o it_o remain_v long_o and_o be_v much_o privilege_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o as_o for_o their_o government_n and_o religion_n it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o unite_a province_n their_o confederate_n ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o well_o for_o their_o discipline_n as_o otherwise_o be_v refer_v to_o their_o synod_n whereas_o some_o deputy_n of_o the_o estate_n do_v assist_v all_o appellation_n in_o civil_a cause_n be_v the_o sentence_n provitionall_a or_o definitive_a of_o all_o the_o town_n bailywik_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n notwithstanding_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o province_n have_v seek_v to_o sequester_v themselves_o resort_n to_o the_o provincial_a council_n at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n except_o they_o of_o middelbourg_n who_o by_o a_o special_a privilege_n have_v choice_n to_o appeal_v to_o the_o say_v provincial_a council_n or_o to_o the_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o at_o the_o hage_n like_v unto_o that_o at_o macklyn_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o a_o revision_n before_o the_o councillor_n depute_v out_o of_o the_o unite_a province_n the_o sentence_n of_o which_o revisor_n be_v hold_v for_o holy_a and_o inviolable_a decree_n but_o criminal_a sentence_n be_v execute_v without_o appeal_v by_o every_o officer_n in_o his_o jurisdiction_n they_o have_v also_o in_o zealand_n their_o dickgraves_n as_o in_o holland_n which_o be_v judge_n have_v their_o jurisdiction_n apart_o with_o certain_a assistant_n or_o sheriff_n who_o they_o call_v geswooren_n that_o be_v to_o say_v jurat_n to_o hear_v &_o determine_v of_o all_o controversy_n concern_v the_o entertainment_n of_o dike_n sluice_n large_a ditch_n way_n floodgate_n which_o dickgraves_n &_o jurats_n be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o walchren_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o college_n the_o which_o consist_v of_o the_o marquis_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n or_o his_o deputy_n of_o the_o town_n and_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o best_a proprietary_n in_o the_o island_n of_o walchren_n the_o like_a be_v observe_v in_o the_o other_o land_n of_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o privilege_n the_o contie_n of_o zutphen_n this_o conty_n have_v take_v his_o name_n of_o the_o capitol_n town_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v zutphen_n stand_v upon_o the_o right_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n by_o the_o which_o the_o river_n of_o berckel_n do_v pass_v which_o fall_v into_o issell_n this_o town_n before_o the_o first_o trouble_n and_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n do_v exercise_v his_o cruelty_n be_v rich_a well_o trade_v fair_a and_o great_a with_o a_o goodly_a bridge_n to_o pass_v towards_o the_o town_n of_o arnhem_n in_o geldres_n the_o which_o be_v break_v by_o the_o spaniard_n part_n of_o the_o town_n burn_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n miserable_o entreat_v which_o be_v the_o first_o fruit_n of_o the_o spaniard_n government_n since_o it_o have_v be_v twice_o or_o thrice_o take_v and_o retake_a by_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o party_n have_v continue_v since_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o ninety_o one_o under_o the_o unite_a estate_n although_o that_o this_o town_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o be_v number_v for_o the_o three_o member_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n it_o have_v yet_o a_o long_a time_n be_v a_o conty_n of_o itself_o have_v a_o particular_a earl_n the_o last_o whereof_o be_v the_o earl_n gerlache_n who_o leave_v no_o other_o heir_n but_o one_o daughter_n the_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o otto_n earl_n of_o nassau_n and_o of_o geldres_n who_o bring_v he_o the_o say_a earldom_n of_o zutphen_n for_o her_o dowry_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o augment_v his_o domain_n since_o which_o time_n the_o say_a town_n with_o the_o jurisdiction_n have_v be_v incorporate_a to_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n subject_n to_o one_o chancery_n government_n chamber_n of_o accoumpte_n and_o make_v one_o member_n at_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o both_o country_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o town_n of_o arnhem_n whereas_o they_o of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o contie_n have_v their_o assistant_n and_o ordinary_a deputy_n who_o assist_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a quarter_n and_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o geldres_n who_o change_n as_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o province_n shall_v think_v it_o fit_a the_o town_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_v contie_n be_v these_o which_o follow_v after_o the_o chief_a town_n doesbourg_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o thence_o dotecome_v bronckhorst_n lochom_n groll_n bredevoerd_n keppel_n bourg_n sherenbourg_n which_o be_v or_o have_v be_v heretofore_o wall_a town_n beside_o many_o good_a village_n so_o as_o this_o conty_n have_v large_a limmitte_v and_o be_v rich_a than_o that_o of_o namure_n wherefore_o it_o merit_v to_o be_v hold_v as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v and_o as_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n philip_n have_v carry_v it_o in_o their_o title_n for_o one_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o netherlande_n and_o at_o this_o present_a one_o of_o the_o eight_o unite_v and_o confederate_a there_o be_v in_o this_o contie_n a_o general_a officer_n call_v drossart_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o chancery_n of_o arnhem_n who_o jurisdiction_n extende_v chief_o to_o the_o champain_n country_n who_o be_v bind_v to_o bring_v all_o offender_n to_o arnhem_n or_o to_o the_o other_o town_n that_o have_v right_a to_o take_v knowledge_n thereof_o the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o governor_n council_n and_o other_o ordinary_a officer_n doesbourg_n be_v a_o ancient_a town_n which_o some_o call_v drusiburgum_n other_o modern_a writer_n will_v have_v it_o the_o same_o town_n which_o tacitus_n name_v asciburgum_n it_o be_v seathe_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o fossa_n drusiana_n or_o drusus_n ditch_n the_o which_o be_v a_o channel_n which_o drusus_n to_o keep_v his_o soldier_n from_o idleness_n make_v they_o to_o dig_v at_o isseloort_n draw_v it_o out_o of_o the_o rind_n and_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o river_n of_o issell_n at_o doesbourg_n the_o which_o he_o make_v to_o have_v a_o short_a passage_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o frison_n then_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v force_v to_o have_v go_v down_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o have_v compass_v about_o all_o the_o country_n of_o the_o battavians_n and_o so_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o friesland_n by_o the_o river_n of_o flye_n it_o be_v a_o good_a town_n and_o well_o people_v the_o which_o during_o these_o war_n have_v not_o feel_v so_o many_o alteration_n as_o many_o other_o town_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o ninety_o eight_o the_o admiral_n of_o arragon_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o archduke_n albert_n have_v take_v the_o town_n of_o berck_n upon_o the_o rind_n and_o past_o his_o army_n there_o he_o resolve_v to_o besiege_v this_o town_n but_o prince_n maurice_n raize_v his_o camp_n out_o of_o the_o i_o will_v of_o geldre_n which_o they_o call_v gelderscheweert_v he_o go_v and_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o say_a town_n lodging_n part_n of_o his_o troop_n in_o a_o little_a island_n right_a against_o it_o in_o the_o
house_n decline_v as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holland_n amersfort_n this_o town_n be_v in_o old_a time_n build_v at_o twice_o for_o there_o be_v a_o little_a town_n all_o wall_a about_o in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o a_o other_o great_a the_o which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v very_o strong_a with_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n flank_v one_o a_o other_o and_o large_a ditch_n it_o be_v three_o league_n from_o vtrecht_n stand_v upon_o a_o little_a river_n which_o they_o call_v do._n it_o have_v be_v often_o take_v and_o retake_v by_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi the_o last_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1543._o when_o as_o martin_n van_fw-mi rossen_n martial_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o geldres_n army_n take_v it_o by_o force_n but_o he_o sudden_o yield_v it_o again_o according_a to_o the_o accord_n make_v in_o the_o town_n of_o venlo_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_a duke_n to_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o a_o good_a town_n well_o people_v for_o a_o land_n town_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a and_o of_o good_a conversation_n among_o the_o which_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o lover_n of_o music_n who_o in_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o week_n meet_v together_o in_o honest_a company_n to_o make_v music_n for_o the_o which_o they_o have_v certain_a garden_n and_o fair_a chamber_n of_o the_o swear_a company_n as_o pleasant_a in_o summer_n as_o can_v be_v see_v in_o any_o place_n whersoever_o and_o in_o winter_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o their_o house_n master_n john_n fouck_n provost_n of_o our_o lady_n church_n in_o vtrecht_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n he_o be_v honour_v with_o other_o degree_n and_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n a_o learned_a and_o virtuous_a man_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n into_o spain_n and_o there_o make_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o netherlands_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o flanders_n in_o this_o town_n be_v also_o bear_v that_o great_a personage_n john_n of_o oldenbarnevelt_fw-mi knight_n siegnior_n of_o tempel_n and_o groeneuclt_n first_o councillor_n and_o advocate_n for_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n and_o west-frisland_n a_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o experience_n upon_o who_o the_o affair_n of_o estate_n do_v chief_o depend_v not_o only_o for_o the_o say_a county_n but_o also_o of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o remain_v not_o at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n rhenen_n so_o call_v for_o that_o it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o rhine_n five_o good_a league_n from_o vtrecht_n &_o as_o much_o from_o arnhem_n in_o geldres_n whereas_o they_o do_v most_o common_o dine_v go_v or_o come_v from_o one_o of_o these_o two_o town_n unto_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o great_a passage_n towards_o deventer_n zutphen_n doesbourg_n and_o other_o place_n as_o well_o in_o geldres_n as_o cleves_n or_o to_o cologne_n or_o any_o place_n where_o they_o please_v in_o germany_n this_o town_n have_v towards_o vtrecht_n a_o large_a country_n the_o soil_n whereof_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v turf_n to_o burn_v but_o not_o so_o good_a and_o durable_a neither_o make_v they_o so_o good_a a_o coal_n as_o those_o of_o holland_n and_o a_o league_n from_o thence_o there_o have_v be_v within_o these_o 60._o year_n a_o village_n build_v more_o for_o the_o make_n of_o these_o turf_n then_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n there_o remain_v yet_o some_o form_n of_o a_o castle_n in_o this_o town_n the_o which_o be_v little_a and_o of_o small_a importance_n if_o this_o great_a passage_n be_v not_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v frequent_v it_o consist_v most_o of_o inn_n and_o tavern_n it_o have_v also_o suffer_v much_o during_o the_o war_n against_o the_o geldrois_fw-fr montfort_n this_o town_n have_v a_o particular_a lord_n at_o this_o day_n who_o writ_n himself_o vicont_n of_o montfort_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o yssel_n a_o league_n in_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o town_n of_o woorden_n oudewater_n &_o iselsteyn_n the_o place_n be_v little_a but_o strong_a found_v by_o godfrey_n of_o rhenen_n bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o bar_n &_o fronter_v against_o holland_n who_o do_v also_o build_v against_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi the_o castle_n of_o horst_n against_o the_o traiectin_n the_o town_n of_o woerden_n and_o against_o the_o frison_n vollenhoven_v in_o the_o country_n of_o oueryssel_n the_o which_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o his_o epitaph_n godefride_n tui_fw-la rhenanam_fw-la providus_fw-la arcem_fw-la donasti_fw-la iuris_fw-la aereque_fw-la mox_fw-la proprio_fw-la quatuor_fw-la en_fw-fr patriae_fw-la largus_fw-la munimina_fw-la nostrae_fw-la horst_n woerd_n et_fw-fr monfort_n construis_fw-la et_fw-la volenhoe_n wise_a godfrey_n first_o with_o rhenen_n do_v enlarge_v our_o state_n and_o then_o at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n he_o montfort_n venlo_n horst_n and_o woerdt_n do_v rear_v the_o four_o chief_a fort_n that_o keep_v our_o foe_n in_o fear_n lambertus_n hortensius_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v compose_v many_o good_a book_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o twine_a of_o the_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o general_a the_o bishopric_n and_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v in_o former_a time_n very_o great_a and_o powerful_a the_o which_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n do_v with_o the_o temporalty_n make_v a_o earldom_n whereupon_o there_o grow_v great_a and_o long_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n &_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n seek_v to_o recover_v by_o favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o their_o ancient_a demein_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o dagobert_n and_o charles_n the_o bald_a and_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n seek_v to_o maintain_v yea_o to_o augment_v that_o which_o have_v be_v new_o give_v they_o be_v support_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o say_v that_o this_o estate_n be_v in_o old_a time_n so_o great_a and_o their_o territory_n so_o large_a as_o aeneas_n siluius_n otherwise_o call_v pope_n pius_n the_o 2._o do_v write_v as_o the_o bishop_n or_o prince_n thereof_o may_v at_o need_n put_v 40000._o arm_a man_n of_o his_o own_o natural_a subject_n to_o field_n and_o although_o they_o have_v continual_a war_n against_o their_o neighbour_n whereof_o they_o themselves_o be_v ever_o the_o first_o motive_n as_o the_o hollander_n frison_n and_o geldrois_n yet_o they_o make_v head_n against_o they_o all_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o godfrey_n of_o rhenen_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a age_n charles_n of_o egmond_n duke_n of_o geldres_n a_o proud_a prince_n warlike_a and_o fierce_a make_v such_o sharp_a war_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n as_o he_o reduce_v they_o to_o great_a extremity_n &_o especial_o henry_n of_o bavaria_n brother_n the_o the_o cont_n palatin_n of_o rhine_n from_o who_o he_o take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o siegneury_n as_o well_o of_o the_o high_a as_o the_o low_a diocese_n moreover_o the_o citizen_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v grow_v so_o proud_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o previledge_n and_o so_o insolent_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o wealth_n as_o they_o grow_v into_o faction_n among_o themselves_o cause_v many_o disorder_n in_o their_o town_n and_o attempt_v against_o their_o bishop_n they_o do_v often_o revolt_v against_o they_o &_o if_o they_o be_v not_o choose_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n they_o will_v not_o accept_v they_o but_o do_v they_o a_o thousand_o indignity_n yea_o kill_a their_o officer_n &_o take_v some_o prisoner_n before_o their_o face_n not_o without_o danger_n to_o the_o bishop_n own_o person_n who_o be_v force_v to_o escape_v their_o fury_n to_o fly_v to_o his_o castle_n of_o wyok_n or_o horst_n the_o last_o revolt_n and_o affront_v which_o they_o do_v unto_o their_o prince_n and_o bishop_n be_v unto_o the_o above_o name_n henry_n of_o bavaria_n who_o have_v enjoy_v this_o dignity_n four_o year_n be_v incense_v against_o he_o have_v be_v one_o day_n abroad_o in_o the_o country_n and_o return_v home_o at_o night_n they_o shut_v the_o gate_n against_o he_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n and_o which_o be_v worse_a soon_o after_o they_o receive_v martin_n van_fw-mi rossen_n martial_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o geldres_n into_o the_o town_n with_o a_o garrison_n of_o geldrois_n who_o from_o thence_o do_v wonderful_o annoy_v the_o hollander_n and_o at_o one_o time_n make_v a_o incursion_n as_o far_o as_o the_o hage_n the_o which_o they_o spoil_v and_o retire_v safe_o with_o their_o booty_n to_o vtrecht_n bishop_n henry_n see_v himself_o thus_o brave_v by_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi and_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n resolve_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o to_o transport_v unto_o he_o all_o that_o
own_o private_a name_n as_o well_o for_o himself_o as_o for_o his_o successor_n lawful_o descend_v from_o he_o the_o which_o he_o do_v easy_o obtain_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o city_n town_n territorie_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o seigneiury_n of_o vtrecht_n which_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o their_o proper_a prince_n and_o bishop_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n come_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o after_o he_o to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n duke_n of_o brabant_n earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v two_o diocese_n the_o emperor_n make_v two_o estate_n reduce_v they_o into_o two_o province_n which_o make_v the_o number_n of_o seventeen_o in_o the_o netherlands_o that_o be_v into_o the_o province_n of_o vtrecht_n &_o that_o of_o oueryssel_n that_o of_o vtrecht_n make_v the_o four_o in_o rank_n of_o the_o confederate_a belgic_a province_n under_o the_o general_a estate_n and_o that_o of_o oueryssel_n the_o five_o have_v their_o voice_n and_o suffrage_n in_o that_o order_n in_o their_o cession_n the_o estate_n of_o which_o province_n of_o vtrecht_n consist_v at_o this_o day_n as_o in_o former_a time_n of_o three_o member_n the_o clergy_n of_o five_o college_n that_o have_v chanoin_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o town_n of_o which_o college_n the_o deputy_n be_v indifferent_o choose_v to_o assist_v daily_o in_o their_o assembly_n with_o they_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o town_n who_o have_v their_o secretary_n and_o other_o officer_n this_o seigneury_n of_o vtrecht_n have_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o provincial_a council_n from_o which_o at_o this_o present_a there_o be_v no_o appellation_n as_o have_v be_v heretofore_o to_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spier_n at_o such_o time_n as_o it_o be_v mere_o a_o member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o since_o that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o do_v unite_v it_o to_o his_o domain_n exclude_v the_o say_v imperial_a chamber_n he_o make_v it_o subject_a to_o the_o great_a council_n at_o macklyn_n until_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n and_o of_o oueryssel_n have_v within_o these_o thirty_o year_n recover_v their_o liberty_n it_o have_v be_v discontinue_v notwithstanding_o in_o case_n of_o remission_n they_o may_v have_v their_o recourse_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o province_n where_o as_o the_o revision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o act_n in_o which_o provincial_a council_n there_o be_v a_o precedent_n six_o councillor_n a_o attorney_n general_a and_o a_o register_n the_o chamber_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o the_o college_n of_o the_o estate_n whereas_o the_o tresorer_n as_o well_o general_a as_o particular_a be_v bind_v to_o come_v and_o yield_v up_o their_o account_v the_o say_a seigneury_n have_v also_o a_o particular_a mint_n as_o it_o have_v always_o have_v the_o which_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o general_a of_o the_o mynte_n for_o the_o unite_a estate_n the_o government_n and_o religion_n be_v general_o maintain_v as_o in_o other_o province_n their_o confederate_n there_o be_v four_o marshal_n for_o the_o whole_a seigneury_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v charge_n in_o the_o quarter_n that_o be_v assign_v they_o where_o they_o be_v to_o command_v their_o archer_n to_o apprehend_v all_o vagabond_n and_o other_o offender_n which_o they_o shall_v meet_v in_o the_o country_n the_o decease_a prince_n of_o orange_n of_o famous_a memory_n be_v governor_n of_o this_o province_n as_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n place_v there_o by_o king_n philip_n before_o his_o last_o return_n towards_o spain_n after_o the_o violent_a death_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n the_o unite_a estate_n do_v subrogat_v prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n his_o son_n marquis_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n and_o flissingue_n make_v he_o more_o over_o their_o captain_n general_n and_o admiral_n of_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o he_o be_v at_o this_o present_a friesland_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o this_o frison_n nation_n be_v very_o ancient_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a greek_a and_o latin_a writer_n as_o strabo_n ptolomey_n pliny_n tacitus_n and_o other_o for_o it_o retain_v at_o this_o day_n the_o same_o seat_n and_o the_o same_o name_n which_o they_o give_v they_o and_o have_v before_o they_o seeing_n that_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n have_v either_o quit_v their_o old_a abode_n or_o else_o have_v receive_v new_a name_n the_o which_o need_v no_o far_o fetch_v proof_n see_v their_o near_a neighbour_n do_v verify_v it_o for_o the_o name_n of_o holland_n vtrecht_n ouerissel_n westphalia_n and_o other_o be_v never_o know_v by_o any_o of_o the_o above_o name_v author_n neither_o be_v the_o name_n of_o geldre_n ever_o in_o use_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o and_o of_o cleves_n juilliers_n mont_n &_o berghe_n be_v then_o call_v sicambres_n but_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n that_o which_o they_o now_o call_v the_o country_n of_o saxony_n be_v not_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n whereof_o ptolomey_n make_v mention_v so_o as_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o modern_a writer_n to_o judge_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o name_n if_o those_o which_o be_v at_o this_o present_a neighbour_n unto_o friesland_n be_v the_o same_o nation_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v now_o more_o remote_a but_o as_o for_o the_o frison_n there_o be_v no_o dispute_n nor_o doubt_n whereof_o to_o give_v more_o firm_a and_o solid_a reason_n both_o of_o the_o name_n and_o of_o the_o antiquity_n the_o reader_n shall_v understand_v that_o the_o succession_n of_o their_o prince_n the_o family_n the_o foundation_n of_o town_n castle_n and_o village_n may_v in_o their_o regard_n be_v draw_v if_o not_o far_o yet_o with_o more_o certainty_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n the_o dane_n although_o they_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o equal_a touch_v their_o beginning_n with_o the_o frison_n can_v make_v a_o true_a extraction_n nor_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o time_n but_o since_o their_o king_n frotho_n the_o three_o during_o who_o reign_n our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n be_v bear_v the_o franconian_o likewise_o although_o they_o be_v very_o old_a whatsoever_o they_o pretend_v that_o their_o freedom_n be_v purchase_v in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o doubt_n of_o their_o first_o beginning_n issue_n and_o denomination_n so_o as_o they_o can_v decipher_v their_o true_a and_o contain_v chronologie_n but_o since_o charlemaignes_n time_n but_o the_o frison_n have_v to_o this_o day_n always_o keep_v one_o name_n and_o one_o dwelling_n may_v direct_o and_o by_o a_o plain_a computation_n of_o time_n report_v their_o gest_n from_o the_o begin_n unto_o the_o end_n so_o have_v take_v beginning_n 313._o year_n before_o christ_n and_o since_o that_o time_n four_o time_n make_v proof_n of_o the_o change_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o common_a weal_n they_o may_v by_o a_o clear_a computation_n of_o year_n show_v how_o long_o they_o be_v under_o prince_n then_o under_o duke_n after_o under_o king_n unto_o charlemaigne_n and_o since_o under_o podestate_n until_o their_o anarchia_fw-la how_o long_o also_o under_o the_o faction_n unto_o the_o resignation_n which_o george_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v unto_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o how_o long_o under_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n until_o their_o emancepation_n and_o liberty_n which_o they_o enjoy_v at_o this_o present_a prove_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o prince_n the_o foundation_n and_o build_n of_o the_o town_n of_o staveren_n which_o then_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o friesland_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o antiquity_n this_o town_n have_v have_v a_o prerogative_n from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n that_o in_o pass_v the_o straight_a of_o the_o sonde_n their_o ship_n have_v privilege_n to_o go_v first_o before_o all_o other_o either_o go_v or_o come_v out_o which_o must_v attend_v their_o turn_n but_o not_o those_o of_o staveren_n which_o must_v be_v present_o dispatch_v by_o the_o impost_n gatherer_n to_o describe_v the_o question_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a author_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n from_o what_o place_n friso_n and_o his_o two_o brother_n bruno_n and_o saxo_n be_v first_o descend_v be_v in_o my_o opinion_n a_o tedious_a and_o endless_a labour_n see_v they_o can_v determine_v nothing_o that_o be_v certain_a no_o more_o then_o of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o these_o three_o prince_n which_o some_o maintain_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o ragau_n son_n to_o sem_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o no_o but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o macedonian_a
succeed_v he_o name_v william_n the_o first_o who_o have_v dibauldi_n dibauld_n have_v william_n the_o second_o who_o have_v elim_n he_o die_v without_o heir_n male_a and_o in_o he_o fail_v the_o line_n of_o this_o thierry_n have_v before_o his_o death_n adopt_v beroald_n be_v but_o seven_o year_n old_a the_o son_n of_o richold_n the_o second_o of_o that_o name_n the_o three_o king_n of_o friesland_n so_o as_o all_o these_o duke_n of_o west-frisland_n successive_o reign_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o three_o year_n five_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elim_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n five_o hundred_o thirty_o three_o beroald_v after_o the_o death_n of_o richold_n his_o father_n do_v inherit_v the_o realm_n of_o east_n friesland_n thus_o be_v the_o two_o frisland_n unite_v together_o the_o which_o beroald_v enjoy_v sixty_o year_n whereof_o he_o be_v afterward_o deprive_v and_o of_o his_o life_n also_o by_o clotaire_n the_o second_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o france_n father_n to_o dagobert_n notwithstanding_o adgill_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o and_o after_o he_o gombauld_n then_o radbod_v the_o second_o who_o charlemaigne_n vanquish_v and_o free_v the_o frison_n from_o the_o yoke_n of_o king_n restore_v they_o to_o their_o liberty_n to_o who_o he_o give_v goodly_a privilege_n the_o which_o they_o have_v long_o maintain_v with_o the_o prize_n of_o their_o blood_n since_o the_o frison_n be_v long_o under_o a_o aristocratical_a government_n sometime_o under_o potestates_fw-la who_o they_o do_v choose_v themselves_o and_o not_o able_a to_o agree_v upon_o the_o election_n by_o reason_n of_o dangerous_a faction_n the_o earl_n of_o holland_n have_v in_o succession_n of_o time_n and_o long_a war_n seize_v upon_o that_o part_n which_o they_o now_o call_v west-frisland_n and_o waterlandt_n the_o which_o the_o hollander_n will_v have_v but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n can_v endure_v it_o call_v northolland_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n the_o hans_n town_n of_o breme_n and_o hambourg_n the_o earl_n of_o oldenbourg_n schowenbourg_n and_o embden_n have_v usurp_v much_o of_o east_n friesland_n even_o unto_o the_o territory_n of_o groan_v the_o which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o estate_n &_o territory_n apart_o be_v comprehend_v notwithstanding_o under_o the_o territory_n of_o that_o which_o hereafter_o we_o will_v simple_o call_v friesland_n enclose_v betwixt_o the_o fly_n and_o ems_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o east-frisland_n hold_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o embden_n and_o west-frisland_n annex_v to_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n that_o than_o which_o we_o will_v simple_o call_v friesland_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n frison_n as_o tolomcy_n and_o tacitus_n term_v they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v german_n and_o people_n from_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n who_o pliny_n call_v cauche_n the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o be_v aborigines_n or_o original_o come_v from_o that_o place_n who_o above_o all_o the_o people_n of_o germany_n retain_v their_o ancient_a appellation_n keep_v in_o their_o ancient_a and_o first_o seat_n have_v the_o same_o language_n they_o have_v always_o have_v true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o chief_a town_n they_o use_v the_o dutch-tongue_n but_o in_o the_o champain_n country_n they_o keep_v their_o frison_n language_n which_o the_o gentleman_n take_v pleasure_n to_o entertain_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o antiquity_n although_o i_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a tongue_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o this_o ancient_a frison_n language_n i_o understand_v nothing_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o the_o frison_n do_v for_o a_o time_n entertain_v themselves_o under_o faction_n we_o must_v therefore_o relate_v succinct_o the_o begin_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 1390._o there_o do_v rise_v two_o faction_n in_o the_o country_n of_o friesland_n the_o one_o vetcooper_n which_o signify_v in_o their_o vulgar_a tongue_n merchant_n of_o grease_n that_o be_v to_o say_v merchant_n of_o fat_a ox_n which_o they_o hold_v for_o a_o honest_a kind_n of_o merchandise_n and_o of_o schyeringer_n which_o be_v butcher_n and_o seller_n of_o tripe_n which_o be_v a_o base_a kind_n of_o trade_n which_o faction_n they_o say_v come_v from_o east_n and_o west_n friesland_n the_o first_o spring_n and_o begin_v thereof_o be_v that_o all_o these_o merchant_n of_o cattle_n and_o the_o butcher_n be_v together_o at_o a_o public_a banquet_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n there_o be_v a_o guest_n to_o choose_v a_o provost_n a_o dean_n or_o a_o king_n among_o they_o who_o charge_n shall_v be_v to_o look_v that_o no_o disorder_n shall_v be_v commit_v which_o may_v trouble_v the_o company_n there_o be_v among_o they_o of_o either_o of_o these_o two_o company_n one_o that_o exceed_v the_o rest_n and_o both_o equal_a in_o wealth_n in_o respect_n and_o love_n towards_o all_o the_o guest_n who_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o party_n contend_v to_o choose_v their_o dean_n provost_n or_o king_n the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o maintain_v that_o this_o dignity_n &_o authority_n at_o the_o table_n be_v most_o befit_v he_o that_o have_v the_o honest_a trade_n whereupon_o a_o question_n grow_v among_o they_o which_o of_o those_o two_o merchandise_n be_v the_o honest_a the_o one_o prefer_v the_o merchant_n of_o cattle_n the_o other_o the_o butcher_n upon_o which_o dispute_n their_o brain_n be_v her_o with_o wine_n in_o the_o end_n they_o fall_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n one_o against_o a_o other_o party_n against_o party_n every_o one_o with_o his_o ally_n and_o kinsman_n mean_v to_o maintain_v the_o one_o quarrel_n or_o the_o other_o so_o as_o in_o the_o end_n there_o be_v a_o great_a fight_n in_o the_o which_o many_o be_v either_o hurt_n or_o slay_v in_o revenge_v whereof_o either_o party_n hold_v itself_o wrong_v they_o begin_v to_o make_v faction_n and_o to_o bandy_v one_o against_o a_o other_o so_o as_o this_o canker_n eat_v more_o and_o more_o stranger_n who_o have_v no_o interest_n nor_o be_v any_o way_n wrong_v engage_v themselves_o upon_o hope_n of_o booty_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o party_n every_o one_o wrest_v what_o he_o can_v from_o his_o adversary_n without_o either_o law_n or_o justice_n so_o confuse_v be_v thing_n then_o and_o full_a of_o disorder_n but_o such_o as_o they_o make_v by_o the_o sword_n where_o as_o the_o strong_a carry_v it_o the_o fruit_n of_o these_o faction_n be_v such_o as_o they_o not_o only_o rain_v among_o private_a person_n but_o among_o whole_a fam_fw-la lie_v village_n bourroug_n and_o town_n yea_o among_o whole_a province_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v full_a of_o theft_n and_o murder_n and_o no_o man_n be_v free_a from_o their_o insolency_n in_o like_a manner_n about_o that_o time_n holland_n be_v afflict_v with_o the_o faction_n of_o hoeck_n and_o cabillaux_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o hameson_n and_o the_o merlus_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n heretofore_o which_o be_v that_o the_o one_o party_n as_o the_o merlus_n or_o cod_n be_v fish_n which_o prey_n do_v threaten_v to_o devower_v the_o other_o and_o they_o of_o the_o hameson_n do_v threaten_v to_o take_v the_o other_o by_o the_o throat_n which_o to_o speak_v truth_n be_v quarrel_n scarce_o fit_a for_o child_n and_o at_o that_o time_n be_v the_o faction_n of_o gelphe_n &_o gibelin_n in_o italy_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_v cap_n in_o flanders_n &_o of_o those_o of_o the_o star_n in_o france_n all_o which_o be_v faction_n raise_v from_o the_o devil_n this_o mischief_n proceed_v so_o far_o in_o friesland_n as_o from_o the_o less_o it_o come_v to_o the_o great_a and_o from_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n the_o gentleman_n ruine_v the_o house_n &_o castle_n one_o of_o a_o other_o and_o the_o abbot_n and_o monk_n do_v all_o the_o mischief_n they_o can_v one_o unto_o a_o other_o so_o as_o to_o appease_v these_o faction_n and_o to_o reconcile_v the_o nobleman_n the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o send_v otto_n van_fw-mi langen_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o choose_v a_o potestat_fw-mi among_o they_o which_o shall_v govern_v the_o country_n according_a to_o their_o previledge_n under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o spleen_n be_v so_o great_a as_o every_o one_o seek_v to_o choose_v one_o of_o their_o faction_n the_o say_a commissioner_n prevail_v nothing_o but_o return_v as_o he_o come_v so_o as_o the_o emperor_n to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o accord_n take_v occasion_n to_o give_v the_o government_n hereditary_a of_o all_o friesland_n and_o groan_v to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n to_o hold_v it_o in_o fee_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o the_o attain_v whereof_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v spend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o mean_n with_o
any_o force_n for_o to_o besiege_v they_o enschede_v this_o town_n be_v of_o reasonable_a good_a traffic_n situate_v in_o the_o open_a country_n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o tuent_fw-la a_o league_n from_o oldenzeel_n and_o two_o from_o otmarsum_fw-la it_o feel_v in_o the_o year_n 1597._o the_o weight_n of_o prince_n maurice_n force_n to_o who_o it_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v by_o composition_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o as_o grolle_v brefort_n lingen_n and_o other_o be_v take_v vollenhoven_n be_v not_o 30._o year_n since_o a_o good_a town_n lie_v upon_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o zuyderzee_n two_o league_n from_o steenwyck_n it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o fair_a great_a and_o pleasant_a castle_n which_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n when_o as_o they_o come_v into_o the_o high_a diocese_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o town_n renown_v where_o there_o be_v good_a commodity_n of_o victual_n bring_v thither_o both_o by_o water_n and_o by_o land_n and_o moreover_o after_o that_o the_o temporal_a estate_n of_o vtrecht_n come_v unto_o the_o emperor_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o council_n make_v their_o residence_n there_o but_o the_o last_o trouble_n have_v great_o impair_v it_o and_o the_o castle_n be_v ruin_v gheelmvyden_n have_v run_v the_o same_o fortune_n that_o vollenhoven_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o league_n distant_a and_o as_o much_o from_o hassel_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o gulf_n of_o vidre_n towards_o the_o zuyderzee_n have_v towards_o the_o land_n the_o pleasant_a pasture_n of_o maesterbrouck_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o league_n from_o campen_n the_o castle_n wherein_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v wont_a to_o keep_v a_o garrison_n have_v be_v also_o ruin_v meppel_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a brook_n which_o near_o unto_o gheelmuyden_n fall_v into_o the_o vidre_n it_o be_v never_o of_o any_o great_a importance_n and_o now_o it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o ruin_v hardenberg_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o good_a town_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n of_o beecht_a where_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o good_a castle_n whereas_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n take_v great_a delight_n for_o that_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a country_n it_o be_v midway_n betwixt_o coeworden_n and_o ommen_n both_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v to_o this_o day_n almost_o ruin_v by_o these_o last_o war_n coewarden_n before_o the_o last_o siege_n which_o prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n lay_v before_o it_o the_o which_o he_o take_v by_o composition_n it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a base_a town_n command_v by_o a_o great_a and_o strong_a castle_n the_o drossart_n hear_v of_o the_o prince_n approach_n cause_v the_o say_a town_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o ruin_v to_o the_o end_n the_o enemy_n shall_v have_v no_o commodity_n to_o lodge_v there_o yet_o he_o do_v so_o press_v this_o town_n both_o by_o battery_n and_o i_o as_o the_o drossart_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v it_o some_o two_o month_n after_o the_o take_n of_o steenwyck_n by_o the_o say_a prince_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o country_n of_o oueryssel_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o cont_n herman_n vanden_fw-mi berghe_n and_o verdugo_n go_v to_o besiege_v it_o but_o when_o as_o they_o see_v they_o can_v not_o prevail_v any_o thing_n neither_o by_o battery_n nor_o i_o have_v change_v their_o first_o resolution_n and_o think_v to_o famish_v it_o in_o time_n they_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n with_o fort_n so_o as_o nothing_o can_v enter_v into_o it_o yet_o the_o prince_n man_n that_o be_v in_o garrison_n within_o the_o castle_n maintain_v themselves_o with_o great_a constancy_n and_o resolution_n a_o whole_a winter_n until_o the_o spring_n when_o as_o the_o prince_n come_v with_o a_o good_a army_n to_o victual_v it_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o these_o fort_n which_o cont_n herman_n and_o verdugo_n see_v abandon_v all_o their_o fort_n or_o burn_v they_o they_o retire_v wherefore_o the_o prince_n have_v victual_v it_o at_o ease_n and_o supply_v it_o with_o fresh_a man_n the_o same_o summer_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1597._o he_o go_v to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o groan_v the_o which_o he_o take_v as_o we_o will_v show_v hereafter_o since_o the_o estate_n have_v give_v order_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o town_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a passage_n to_o go_v by_o land_n into_o friesland_n the_o country_n of_o groan_v westphalia_n breme_n and_o other_o place_n ryssen_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n regge_n the_o which_o run_v into_o vidre_n at_o hessel_n and_o pass_v from_o thence_o before_o gheelmuyden_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o zuyderzee_n it_o be_v so_o little_a and_o at_o this_o day_n so_o deform_v as_o it_o merit_v not_o the_o name_n of_o a_o good_a town_n diepenhem_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n of_o regge_n it_o be_v a_o league_n or_o little_a more_o from_o ryssen_n and_o two_o league_n from_o enschede_v at_o this_o present_a it_o be_v but_o a_o bourrough_n although_o with_o all_o the_o small_a town_n it_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n ghoer_n be_v a_o borough_n stand_v upon_o a_o brook_n which_o run_v into_o regge_n at_o diepenhem_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o league_n distant_a it_o have_v during_o these_o war_n have_v a_o great_a fort_n which_o be_v always_o take_v when_o as_o either_o party_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n delden_n this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o good_a town_n and_o of_o traffic_n but_o now_o be_v much_o decay_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o last_o war_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o pass_v and_o lodging_n of_o soldier_n of_o either_o party_n for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v he_o that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n be_v always_o master_n of_o those_o petty_a place_n ameloo_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o brook_n come_v from_o oldenzeel_n the_o which_o two_o league_n from_o thence_o fall_v into_o the_o vidre_n it_o be_v at_o this_o present_a but_o a_o bourg_n wilsen_n be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o a_o village_n seat_v upon_o the_o way_n as_o you_o go_v from_o campen_n to_o swolle_n yet_o have_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n and_o be_v number_v among_o the_o lesser_a town_n graffhorst_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o river_n of_o yessl_n enter_v into_o zuyderzee_n half_a way_n betwixt_o campen_n and_o gheelmuyden_n it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a village_n not_o so_o good_a as_o wilsen_n yet_o have_v it_o the_o title_n and_o right_n of_o a_o town_n all_o this_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o country_n of_o oueryssel_n which_o be_v the_o seven_o in_o rank_n of_o the_o eight_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o which_o have_v recover_v their_o liberty_n by_o arm_n and_o acknowledge_v at_o this_o day_n no_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o say_a union_n which_o eight_o province_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n and_o zutphen_n the_o siegneury_n of_o vtrecht_n friesland_n oueryssel_n and_o groan_v west-frisland_n whereof_o they_o may_v make_v a_o province_n by_o itself_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n who_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o noort-holland_n which_o the_o west-frisons_a will_v not_o willing_o hear_v of_o for_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a estate_n admiralty_n officer_n and_o mynte_n prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n have_v this_o province_n of_o oueryssel_n under_o his_o government_n with_o geldre_n holland_n zeeland_n zutphen_n and_o vtrecht_n the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_v prounice_n both_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v diverse_o make_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n &_o preeminence_n of_o every_o quarter_n not_o tie_v in_o that_o regard_n to_o any_o town_n but_o according_a their_o order_n and_o rank_n the_o deputy_n change_v often_o i_o have_v see_v they_o hold_v in_o a_o country_n house_n wherefore_o we_o can_v specefie_v any_o certain_a place_n of_o their_o assembly_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o often_o change_n yet_o there_o remain_v a_o certain_a form_n of_o a_o college_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o town_n of_o deventer_n but_o it_o can_v resolve_v of_o any_o affair_n of_o importance_n which_o must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o whole_a province_n wheresoever_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v yet_o when_o as_o the_o affair_n shall_v tend_v to_o the_o good_a or_o prejudice_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o union_n they_o must_v refer_v they_o to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n the_o which_o be_v common_o keep_v at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n groningue_n with_o the_o ommelands_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o town_n of_o groningue_n and_o the_o ommelands_n which_o be_v country_n jurisdiction_n consist_v of_o many_o good_a borroughs_n village_n abbay_n and_o
judge_n keep_v in_o awe_n the_o jurisdiction_n maintain_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a restrain_v and_o the_o edict_n belong_v to_o the_o commonweal_n concern_v their_o authority_n publish_v for_o the_o which_o the_o magistrate_n or_o senate_n of_o the_o town_n choose_v five_o honourable_a person_n fit_a for_o those_o charge_n to_o be_v renew_v every_o year_n if_o for_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o meritte_n they_o be_v not_o continue_v two_o or_o three_o year_n these_o be_v call_v hoft-mannem_a they_o be_v seldom_o choose_v if_o they_o have_v be_v bourgue-maister_n senator_n or_o of_o the_o council_n these_o five_o hoft-mannem_a take_v knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v it_o by_o themselves_o alone_o or_o joint_o with_o the_o senate_n their_o court_n be_v call_v their_o judicial_a chamber_n their_o authority_n be_v great_a over_o all_o the_o champain_n country_n which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o do_v extend_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o lanâ—vers_n and_o then_o into_o ostergoe_v and_o westergoe_v two_o chief_a canton_n of_o friesland_n wheerby_o there_o grow_v great_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o groninger_n and_o frison_n yea_o among_o the_o frison_n themselves_o divide_v into_o those_o two_o curse_a faction_n of_o the_o schyeringer_n and_o wetcooper_n to_o pacefie_v the_o which_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o 3._o send_v otto_n van_fw-mi langhen_fw-mi a_o chanoine_n of_o mentz_n and_o his_o councillor_n into_o friesland_n but_o he_o return_v without_o any_o effect_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wilfulness_n of_o the_o schieringer_n the_o emperor_n frederick_n die_v soon_o after_o maximilian_n the_o first_o his_o son_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n who_o send_v the_o same_o otto_n van_fw-mi langhen_fw-mi again_o into_o friesland_n with_o a_o ample_a commission_n give_v they_o authority_n as_o they_o have_v before_o time_n to_o choose_v a_o potestate_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o provincial_a governor_n and_o to_o settle_v the_o frison_n in_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n whereby_o the_o groeninger_n have_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o confederation_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o of_o ostergoe_v and_o westergoe_v but_o although_o the_o frison_n be_v well_o incline_v to_o this_o election_n of_o a_o potestate_fw-la wherein_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v one_o choose_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o nobility_n and_o well_o qualify_v yet_o one_o of_o the_o faction_n hold_v he_o for_o suspect_v either_o party_n desyre_v to_o have_v one_o of_o his_o league_n where-upon_o their_o hatred_n do_v so_o increase_v as_o otto_n prevail_v no_o more_o than_o at_o the_o first_o which_o make_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n to_o give_v the_o government_n hereditary_a of_o friesland_n and_o groningue_n to_o duke_n albertus_n of_o saxony_n as_o we_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o friesland_n duke_n albertus_n have_v afterward_o break_v this_o confederation_n betwixt_o they_o of_o groening_n and_o friesland_n over_o who_o he_o hold_v himself_o half_a master_n seek_v to_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o well_o within_o the_o town_n of_o groening_n as_o in_o the_o ommelands_n where_o he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a superiority_n which_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o yield_v unto_o he_o go_v to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o groening_n the_o which_o after_o a_o long_a siege_n have_v endure_v many_o indignity_n from_o duke_n albertus_n and_o fear_v in_o the_o end_n a_o bad_a issue_n of_o this_o war_n they_o do_v call_v in_o and_o receive_v for_o their_o protector_n hereditary_a edsard_n earl_n of_o embden_n or_o rather_o of_o east-frisland_n lieutenant_n at_o that_o siege_n to_o the_o duke_n but_o discontent_v with_o colonel_n vyt_n upon_o certain_a condition_n among_o other_o to_o build_v a_o fort_n or_o blockhouse_n the_o which_o be_v do_v the_o duke_n see_v himself_o deceive_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o disappoint_v of_o so_o goodly_a a_o prey_n mean_v for_o the_o recovery_n thereof_o to_o employ_v all_o his_o mean_n hold_v the_o frison_n to_o be_v half_o vanquish_v the_o groeninger_n see_v the_o emperor_n to_o embrace_v the_o duke_n quarrel_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o proscription_n send_v out_o by_o the_o empire_n against_o cont_n edsard_n who_o can_v hardly_o free_v himself_o &_o much_o less_o protect_v they_o rather_o than_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o proud_a government_n of_o the_o saxon_n they_o call_v in_o charles_n duke_n of_o geldre_n a_o prince_n that_o be_v stir_v &_o high_a mind_a to_o undertake_v their_o protection_n &_o upon_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o they_o have_v receive_v cont_n edsard_n only_o the_o fort_n which_o he_o have_v build_v shall_v be_v raze_v the_o which_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi to_o augment_v his_o signeury_n will_v not_o neglect_v send_v the_o signior_n of_o oyen_n to_o take_v possession_n and_o thus_o the_o town_n and_o state_n of_o groan_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o geldrois_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o geldres_n the_o geldrois_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1518._o and_o of_o the_o ommelande_n 1521._o as_o such_o a_o active_a spirit_n can_v contain_v himself_o within_o his_o bound_n he_o begin_v soon_o after_o to_o attempt_v as_o well_o up_o on_o the_o right_n of_o the_o town_n as_o the_o previledge_n of_o the_o ommelande_n the_o groninger_n have_v discover_v his_o practice_n with_o captain_n meinard_n van_fw-mi ham_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o town_n of_o dam_n which_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o which_o he_o pretend_v to_o fortify_v to_o keep_v groening_n in_o subjection_n and_o then_o to_o do_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n they_o seeing_z themselves_o thus_o circumvent_v and_o know_v the_o duke_n intention_n grow_v cold_a in_o their_o affection_n which_o they_o do_v first_o bear_v he_o turn_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o bourgongne_n where-upon_o have_v resolve_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o ommelands_n they_o do_v write_v unto_o george_n schencke_n baron_n of_o tautenburg_n knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o golden-fleece_n governor_n of_o friesland_n for_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o according_a to_o the_o resignation_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v make_v unto_o he_o to_o which_o effect_n the_o say_a seignor_n schencke_n have_v receive_v commission_n from_o the_o lady_n mary_n queen_n of_o hungary_n sister_n to_o the_o emperor_n march_v with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v thither_o where_o he_o enter_v in_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1536._o and_o there_o receive_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n as_o duke_z of_o brabant_n earl_n of_o flanders_n holland_n zeeland_n etc._n etc._n lord_n of_o friesland_n and_o ouerissel_n but_o upon_o certain_a condition_n that_o the_o member_n and_o state_n of_o the_o seigneury_n of_o groan_v shall_v hold_v their_o privilege_n right_a and_o statute_n as_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o from_o their_o ancestor_n that_o the_o town_n shall_v hold_v their_o ancient_a preture_n and_o the_o foreign_a that_o they_o shall_v build_v a_o palace_n in_o the_o town_n for_o the_o emperor_n fit_a for_o a_o prince_n but_o without_o any_o fortification_n the_o fort_n in_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v raze_v &_o no_o new_a build_v if_o necessity_n do_v not_o require_v it_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n and_o of_o the_o town_n out_o of_o who_o revenue_n there_o shall_v be_v yearly_a pay_v unto_o the_o emperor_n &_o to_o his_o successor_n 12000._o crown_n upon_o which_o condition_n philip_n k_n of_o spain_n be_v receivedin_fw-mi january_n 1550._o among_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o say_a town_n they_o have_v one_o very_o notable_a which_o come_v from_o their_o ancestor_n with_o a_o inviolable_a contynuation_n which_o be_v that_o no_o king_n prince_n estate_n nor_o commonweal_n can_v call_v any_o bourger_n or_o citizen_n of_o that_o town_n into_o justice_n nor_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v cite_v or_o adiorn_v before_o any_o court_n but_o only_o before_o the_o senate_n or_o his_o ordinary_a judge_n moreover_o that_o no_o man_n may_v appeal_v from_o any_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o cryminall_a cause_n neither_o from_o the_o court_n of_o hoffman_n or_o judicial_a chamber_n in_o that_o which_o concern_v their_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o which_o no_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n so_o ever_o may_v decline_v moreover_o the_o town_n be_v lady_n and_o mistress_n of_o her_o own_o law_n and_o statute_n the_o which_o by_o a_o sovereign_a power_n they_o may_v make_v and_o undo_v create_v and_o abrogate_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o person_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o ommelands_n have_v also_o the_o like_a authority_n in_o their_o regard_n the_o town_n have_v have_v a_o privilege_n to_o coin_v silver_n and_o copper_n for_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n and_o gold_n since_o
lilloo_o be_v opposite_a unto_o it_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o escault_n so_o as_o all_o ship_n s_o that_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o go_v to_o antwerp_n must_v pass_v betwixt_o these_o two_o fort_n but_o it_o can_v not_o resist_v the_o enemy_n attempt_n like_v unto_o lilloo_o for_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o the_o vicont_n of_o gant_n marquis_n of_o roubay_n besiege_v it_o and_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o he_o make_v with_o a_o heap_n of_o straw_n and_o hay_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v burn_v on_o the_o dicke-side_n where_o he_o give_v the_o assault_n so_o as_o the_o smoke_n be_v drive_v with_o the_o wind_n do_v so_o trouble_v their_o sight_n that_o defend_v the_o breach_n as_o they_o be_v force_v with_o great_a fury_n the_o vicont_n kill_v colonel_n petain_v who_o command_v there_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n in_o cold_a blood_n and_o cause_v many_o burgher_n of_o antwerp_n to_o be_v hang_v the_o which_o be_v afterward_o revenge_v upon_o the_o spaniard_n and_o other_o prisoner_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n it_o be_v since_o recover_v by_o the_o estate_n under_o who_o obedience_n it_o have_v continue_v unto_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o like_a to_o continue_v as_o lilloo_o but_o may_v well_o be_v raze_v upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n be_v of_o no_o such_o importance_n as_o the_o other_o terneuse_n be_v a_o good_a village_n of_o that_o quarter_n of_o flanders_n which_o have_v a_o bailiff_n alderman_n and_o other_o officer_n whereas_o the_o unite_a estate_n do_v long_o since_o build_v a_o fort_n and_o entertain_v a_o good_a garrison_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o drown_a land_n and_o therefore_o not_o easy_a to_o approach_v nor_o to_o camp_n before_o it_o for_o which_o consideration_n the_o spaniard_n who_o will_v not_o willing_o wet_v his_o foot_n will_v not_o attempt_v it_o remain_v unto_o this_o day_n under_o the_o estate_n be_v command_v by_o a_o captain_n superintendent_n for_o they_o axelle_fw-fr be_v a_o little_a town_n in_o the_o land_n of_o waes_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a quarter_n of_o flanders_n which_o seruaes_n van_n steelandt_n great_a bailiff_n of_o the_o say_a country_n of_o waes_n deliver_v unto_o the_o spaniard_n when_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n be_v retire_v after_o that_o great_a folly_n commit_v at_o antwerp_n six_o or_o seven_o year_n after_o sir_n philip_n sidney_n governor_n of_o flessingue_n and_o colonel_n john_n peron_n surprise_v it_o and_o deliver_v it_o unto_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o the_o which_o they_o much_o fortefied_a since_o by_o drown_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o make_v it_o inaccessible_a whereof_o the_o say_v peron_n have_v recover_v a_o good_a part_n during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o estate_n leave_v he_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n there_o be_v other_o fort_n in_o that_o quarter_n of_o axelle_n and_o of_o â—erneuse_n upon_o flanders_n side_n as_o that_o of_o blockersdyek_n saint_n marguerit_v and_o saint_n anthonis-hoeck_a the_o which_o we_o omit_v be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n nor_o likely_a to_o continue_v fort_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n boerentanghe_a it_o be_v a_o goodly_a fort_n none_o of_o the_o great_a but_o at_o this_o present_a like_o a_o little_a town_n upon_o the_o fronter_z of_o the_o county_n of_o lingen_n which_o be_v the_o highway_n to_o go_v out_o of_o friesland_n and_o groan_v into_o the_o country_n of_o westphalia_n and_o by_o cloppenbourg_n to_o delmenhorst_n and_o breme_n and_o so_o to_o hamburg_n lubeck_n and_o other_o town_n of_o the_o east_n country_n along_o the_o baltique_a sea_n is_n be_v entertain_v with_o a_o good_a ordinary_a garrison_n consist_v of_o many_o half_a company_n at_o the_o least_o when_o i_o be_v there_o whereby_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o estate_n do_v wise_o cut_v off_o many_o monopoly_n and_o occasion_n of_o mutiny_n for_o that_o there_o be_v seldom_o any_o accord_n where_o there_o be_v diversity_n the_o country_n about_o be_v all_o moorish_a or_o full_a of_o turf_n wherewith_o they_o do_v both_o furnish_v the_o place_n and_o the_o country_n about_o it_o bellinger-wolder-zyel_a be_v a_o good_a village_n or_o rather_o a_o borough_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o dullard_n where_o as_o the_o river_n of_o ems_n grow_v narrow_a by_o the_o which_o they_o must_v pass_v come_v from_o embden_n by_o water_n to_o go_v to_o boerentanghe_a leave_v the_o castle_n of_o wed_v upon_o the_o right_a hand_n where_o the_o estate_n have_v make_v a_o fort_n to_o defend_v the_o county_n of_o lingen_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o well_o fortefied_a but_o it_o must_v yield_v to_o the_o first_o enemy_n if_o he_o be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n as_o for_o the_o other_o fort_n disperse_v here_o and_o thereupon_o river_n fronter_z and_o passage_n be_v many_o in_o number_n throughout_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n i_o have_v think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o describe_v they_o here_o particular_o have_v only_o undertake_v the_o chief_a by_o this_o description_n may_v be_v see_v that_o in_o the_o say_v eight_o unite_a province_n which_o make_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o belgike_a commonweal_n there_o be_v above_o sixscore_o town_n great_a and_o small_a and_o above_o a_o hundred_o castle_n and_o fort_n of_o all_o sort_n entertain_v with_o ordinary_a garrison_n beside_o their_o troop_n of_o reserve_v which_o they_o put_v into_o town_n especial_o in_o winter_n or_o when_o they_o have_v need_v to_o refresh_v their_o company_n either_o of_o foot_n or_o horse_n where_o they_o be_v well_o lodge_v and_o accommodate_v touch_v the_o ship_n of_o war_n which_o the_o unite_a estate_n do_v usual_o entertain_v as_o well_o at_o sea_n as_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n mouse_n wahal_n ems_n and_o other_o i_o can_v set_v down_o the_o number_n the_o which_o be_v great_a sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o according_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n they_o have_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o ship_n of_o war_n in_o pay_n well_o arm_v and_o appoint_v with_o man_n and_o munition_n their_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n of_o merchandise_n extend_v to_o the_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n i_o dare_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o commonweal_n of_o venice_n which_o be_v hold_v so_o rich_a and_o mighty_a a_o estate_n can_v not_o have_v continue_v such_o intestine_a war_n three_o year_n as_o they_o have_v do_v many_o and_o doyet_n like_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n who_o all_o the_o force_n of_o spain_n can_v never_o vanquish_v wherefore_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v ill_o advise_v to_o entreat_v they_o with_o such_o rigour_n as_o they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o oppose_v themselves_o and_o to_o shake_v off_o his_o yoke_n whereas_o contrariwise_a the_o king_n his_o son_n now_o reign_v for_o fear_n of_o some_o great_a inconvenience_n have_v with_o good_a advice_n declare_v they_o free_a estate_n see_v that_o his_o father_n can_v not_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o treasure_n deprive_v they_o of_o their_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n offer_v then_o peace_n without_o attend_v the_o prejudicial_a event_n of_o a_o war_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n his_o predecessor_n have_v against_o the_o canton_n of_o swiss_n who_o almost_o for_o the_o like_a occasion_n do_v shake_v off_o their_o yoke_n near_o three_o hundred_o year_n since_o let_v we_o pray_v unto_o god_n that_o their_o union_n may_v continue_v the_o which_o may_v restrain_v the_o insolency_n of_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o norrish_a peace_n among_o they_o which_o god_n grant_v finis_fw-la
midst_n of_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n and_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n lie_v entrench_v without_o the_o town_n towards_o the_o field_n whereas_o the_o admiral_n think_v to_o make_v his_o approach_n to_o besiege_v it_o but_o find_v such_o let_v he_o dare_v not_o affront_v the_o prince_n who_o attend_v he_o long_o in_o battle_n but_o retire_v and_o go_v to_o winter_n upon_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o he_o carry_v himself_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o doetecum_fw-la this_o town_n stand_v in_o ihe_a champion_n country_n a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n upon_o the_o old_a issel_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n yet_o none_o of_o the_o strong_a the_o admiral_n of_o arragon_n have_v past_o the_o rind_n to_o besiege_v doesbourg_n he_o go_v first_o before_o it_o and_o take_v it_o by_o composition_n within_o three_o day_n but_o the_o admiral_n be_v retire_v prince_n maurice_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o again_o the_o which_o be_v as_o easy_o yield_v to_o he_o as_o to_o the_o spaniard_n remain_v at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n as_o it_o have_v be_v above_o thirty_o year_n before_o except_o those_o few_o day_n the_o admiral_n man_n hold_v it_o bronckhorst_n it_o be_v within_o a_o league_n of_o zutphen_n seat_v upon_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n erect_v to_o a_o contie_n have_v a_o particular_a earl_n the_o family_n of_o bronchoorst_a be_v ancient_a from_o the_o which_o be_v issue_v the_o house_n of_o battenbourg_n anholt_n megen_n and_o other_o the_o town_n have_v be_v much_o ruin_v during_o these_o war_n but_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a strength_n stand_v still_o where_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a garrison_n for_o one_o party_n or_o other_o lochem_n be_v a_o good_a little_a town_n two_o league_n from_o zutphen_n well_o fortify_v for_o the_o importance_n thereof_o be_v very_o necessary_a during_o the_o trouble_n for_o hold_v the_o state_n party_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n send_v charles_n earl_n of_o mansfeldt_n to_o besiege_v it_o in_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n name_n but_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n know_v that_o three_o of_o his_o nephew_n herman_n frederic_n and_o adolph_n vanden_fw-mi berghe_n son_n of_o his_o sister_n and_o of_o cont_n van_n sheeren_n berghen_n be_v within_o it_o he_o send_v the_o earl_n of_o hohenloe_n with_o a_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n as_o he_o do_v and_o free_v they_o force_v mansfeldt_n to_o retire_v with_o loss_n since_o which_o time_n the_o say_a town_n have_v continue_v constant_a under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o estate_n until_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o archduke_n albert_n of_o austria_n besiege_v it_o and_o take_v it_o by_o composition_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o be_v recover_v by_o prince_n maurice_n and_o continue_v as_o before_o groll_n in_o old_a time_n be_v a_o good_a borough_n but_o by_o these_o last_o war_n within_o these_o thirty_o year_n it_o have_v be_v wall_v in_o with_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n have_v broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n fortify_v with_o casemat_n and_o counterscarp_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n prince_n maurice_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o for_o the_o unite_a estate_n whereof_o peter_n earl_n of_o mansfeldt_n lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o provision_n be_v advertise_v he_o send_v colonel_n mondragon_n captain_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o antwerp_n with_o a_o small_a army_n to_o raise_v his_o siege_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o cut_v of_o his_o victual_n the_o estate_n be_v ill_o inform_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o spanish_a army_n which_o be_v make_v great_a unto_o they_o than_o it_o be_v they_o command_v prince_n maurice_n to_o retire_v as_o he_o do_v but_o hear_v what_o mondragons_n force_n be_v who_o retire_v towards_o the_o rind_n to_o pass_v at_o berck_n he_o pursue_v he_o beyond_o the_o town_n of_o wezell_n in_o which_o pursuit_n cont_n philip_n and_o ernest_n of_o nassau_n brethren_n cousin_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o cont_n ernest_n of_o solms_n be_v too_o far_o advance_v contrary_a to_o the_o prince_n order_n after_o they_o have_v defeat_v two_o cornet_n of_o spaniard_n be_v themselves_o in_o the_o end_n put_v to_o rout_n and_o the_o two_o earl_n philip_n of_o nassau_n and_o ernest_n of_o solms_n slay_v and_o cont_n ernest_n of_o nassau_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereupon_a the_o prince_n leave_v his_o pursuit_n bring_v back_o his_o army_n and_o mondragon_n repass_v the_o rhine_n return_v with_o he_o into_o brabant_n but_o two_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n 1597._o the_o prince_n go_v again_o to_o besiege_v it_o in_o the_o which_o cont_n frederic_n vanden_fw-mi berghe_n command_v with_o 1200._o man_n who_o find_v himself_o very_o hardly_o press_v he_o yield_v it_o by_o composition_n since_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n recover_v it_o although_o it_o be_v hold_v very_o strong_a be_v yield_v upon_o a_o honourable_a composition_n it_o be_v two_o league_n from_o breefort_n sheeren_n berghe_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n erect_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o the_o last_o earl_n be_v call_v william_n who_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o make_v earl_n he_o have_v to_o wife_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v many_o son_n the_o elder_a call_v herman_n be_v now_o earl_n he_o with_o two_o of_o his_o brother_n be_v besiege_v in_o lochem_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o prince_n their_o uncle_n but_o soon_o after_o abandon_v he_o ungrateful_o they_o follow_v the_o spaniard_n party_n yet_o the_o estate_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n in_o the_o which_o they_o have_v their_o garrison_n until_o that_o the_o prince_n pass_v that_o way_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o the_o contesse_n their_o mother_n obtain_v of_o he_o that_o the_o town_n shall_v remain_v neuter_n and_o that_o she_o and_o her_o daughter_n live_v in_o the_o castle_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o garrison_n the_o like_a she_o obtain_v from_o the_o archduke_n albert_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a importance_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o dotecom_v bredefort_n be_v but_o a_o small_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_v in_o a_o moor_n to_o the_o which_o there_o be_v but_o one_o passage_n to_o come_v unto_o it_o upon_o a_o causey_n so_o as_o it_o be_v of_o hard_a access_n yet_o in_o the_o year_n 1597._o prince_n maurice_n surmount_v all_o difficulty_n do_v besiege_v and_o batter_v it_o and_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v summon_v the_o burgher_n have_v a_o disposition_n to_o yield_v yea_o the_o woman_n and_o child_n fall_v on_o their_o knee_n upon_o the_o rampar_n and_o cry_v for_o mercy_n the_o captain_n who_o command_v they_o be_v resolve_v for_o to_o hold_v it_o the_o prince_n cause_v a_o assault_n to_o be_v give_v and_o take_v it_o by_o force_n command_v the_o soldier_n to_o spare_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o captain_n like_o a_o coward_n flee_v with_o his_o soldier_n into_o the_o castle_n and_o hide_v himself_o the_o prince_n cause_v certain_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o batter_v the_o port_n which_o the_o soldier_n see_v they_o yield_v upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o take_v to_o ransom_n this_o brave_a captain_n be_v find_v hide_v in_o a_o seller_n yet_o he_o be_v no_o worse_o entreat_v than_o the_o rest_n only_o he_o endure_v many_o affront_n for_o his_o cowardly_a bravery_n this_o town_n lie_v two_o league_n from_o anholt_n since_o it_o have_v be_v well_o fortify_v by_o the_o unite_a estate_n keppel_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a importance_n as_o all_o other_o land-towne_n be_v it_o stand_v upon_o the_o old_a stream_n of_o issel_n half_o a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n burg_n be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o keppel_n seat_v upon_o the_o same_o torrent_n a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n here_o you_o may_v see_v ten_o town_n as_o well_o great_a as_o small_a strong_a as_o weak_a in_o the_o contie_n of_o zutphen_n beside_o boroughe_n village_n and_o castle_n whereof_o there_o be_v good_a store_n which_o make_v this_o province_n to_o have_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n it_o have_v endure_v much_o in_o these_o last_o war_n but_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o take_v breath_n whereof_o they_o have_v great_a need_n as_o well_o as_o diverse_a other_o but_o we_o will_v content_v ourselves_o with_o this_o description_n the_o province_n and_o seigneiurie_n of_o vtrecht_n this_o estate_n and_o seignieurie_n in_o old_a time_n belong_v unto_o a_o prince_n and_o particular_a prelate_n who_o they_o call_v the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v first_o give_v by_o the_o mere_a liberality_n of_o the_o king_n