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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A56069	A prospect of Hungary, and Transylvania with a catalogue of the kings of the one, and the princes of the other; together with an account of the qualities of the inhabitants, the commodites of the countries, the chiefest cities, towns, and strong-holds, rivers, and mountains. Whereunto is added an historical narrative of the bloody wars amongst themselves, and with the Turks; continued to this present year 1664. As also a brief description of Bohemia, Austria, Bavaria, Steirmark, Croatia, Dalmatia, Moravia, Silesia, Carinthia, Carniola, and some other adjacent countries contained in a mapp affixed hereunto: in which mapp all the places that are in the power of the Turk have a crescent, or half moon over them; and those in the possession of the Christians have a cross.		1664 (1664)	Wing P3808; ESTC R222509	39,973	58

A PROSPECT OF HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA With a Catalogue of the Kings of the one and the Princes of the other Together with an account of the qualities of the Inhabitants the Commodites of the Countries the chiefest Cities Towns and Strong-holds Rivers and Mountains Whereunto is added An Historical Narration of the bloody Wars amongst themselves and with the Turks continued to this present Year 1664. As also A brief Description of Bohemia Austria Bavaria Steirmark Croatia Dalmatia Moravia Silesia Carinthia Carniola and some other adjacent Countries contained in a Mapp affixed hereunto In which Mapp all the places that are in the power of the Turk have a Crescent or half Moon over them and those in the possession of the Christians have a Cross LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1664. The Description of the Kingdom of Hungary with the History of the late Wars and Changes there HVngary is bounded on the East with Transylvania and Walachia Hungary described On the West with Stiria or Steirmark Austria and Moravia On the North with the Carpathian Mountains which are a long and craggy ledge of Hills beginning near the City of Presburg and the borders of Austria and so pass on in a continuall course till they come to the very Euxine Sea dividing Hungary from Poland and parting Transylvania and Moldovia from Rusianigra and Podolia two Provinces of the Polonian Kingdom and on the South with Sclavonia and some part of Dacia Hungary extendeth in length from Presburg The length breadth of it along the Danow to the borders of Transylvania for the space of three hundred English miles one hundred and ninty of the same miles in breadth The longest Summers Day in the Southern parts is fifteen hours and a half and not above sixteen hours in the Northermost parts The Division of it Hungary is commonly divided into the Upper Hungary and the Lower The Vpper lies on the North of the River Danow out of the bounds and territories of the Roman Empire The Lower lies on the South of the Danow and comprehends all Pannonia Inferior and part of Superior which were formerly two Roman Provinces The Vpper Hungary is subdivided before the coming in of the Turks into thirty two Counties thar is to say twenty four on the West side of Tibiscus or the River Tisse and eight on the East side of the same River The Lower is divided into eighteen Counties of which ten were between the Danow and the River Dravus and the other six between the Danow and the River Savus But this Division and the Subdivisions depending upon it being since the coming in of the Turks almost out of use we will now look upon it as it stands divided for the present or lately did betwixt the Emperor as King of Hungary by a mixt Title of Descent and Election and the Great Turk as Lord of the most part of it by Arms and Conquest two parts of three at least being in his Possession The chief Towns in the Emperors Part. The chief places in the Emperors Part are 1. Sabria anciently the chief City of Pannonia Superior by the Hungarians called Kimarorubath and by the Dutch Leibnits 2. Stridon the Birth-place of St Jerome one of the four chief Fathers of the Latine Church situate in the confines of Hungary and Dalmatia commonly called Strigman 3. Agria a Bishops See 4. Nitri a Bishops See also on the River Boch 5. Sopran on the Borders of Austria 6. Komara a strong piece standing in an Island of the same name made by the Danow 7. Presburg on the edge of Austria on the North side of that River called by the Latines Possonium It 's seated in a pleasant healthful Country on the River Lyet which there falls into the Danow in the Suburbs whereof upon the top of an high Mountain standeth a Stately Castle the ordinary residence of the Emperors as Kings of Hungary For though it be a little City and not very beautiful yet being secured by the neighborhood of Austria it hath been made the Regal City of Hungary since Buda was lost Before the walls hereof died Count Dampier one of the chief Commanders of the Emperor Ferdinand the second in the wars of Hungary and Bohemia 8. Gran called Strigonium which was taken by the Turks Anno Christi 1534 and won again by the Christians 1595 at which time Sr Thomas Arundel of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire Sr Tho. Arundels valour carried himself so gallantly by forcing the Water-Tower and taking thence with his own hands the Turkish Banner His reward that the Emperor Rodulph created him a Count of the Empire and King James afterwards made him Lord Arundel of Wardour It is seated on the Danow but opposite to the mouth of the River Gran which arising in the upper Hungary doth there end its course It s also the seat of an Archbishop who is the Primate of Hungary 9. Raab which stands on the meeting of the Danow with the River Rab coming out of the Lower Hungary it s called in Latine Jaurinum It was heretofore memorable for being the boundary of the two Pannonia's Superior Inferior hereabouts divided Of late its famous for a strong Fortress against the Turks by whom it was taken Anno Christi 1594. but not long after again recovered by the Industry of Monsieur de Vandre Court a French Gentleman 10. Newsol or Newhausel a strong Town in the higher Hungary not far from the Spring-head of the River Gran which in the year 1621. proved fatal to that great Commander the Court of Bucquoy who at the siege hereof the Town being kept by the Hungarians against the Emperor Ferdinand the second lost his Life For going privatly to view some places of advantage whereby to make a general assault he fell into an Ambush of Hungarians who suddenly set upon him discomfitted his small Party killed first his Horse under him and at last himself having in that Skirmish received sixteen wounds Here was also slain with him at the same time Torquato an Italian Prince Count Verdugo a Spanish Earl and one of the Gouragas of the house of Mantua It is lately taken by the Turk 11. Altenbourg 12. Tockay both of them strong by the natural site and 13. Castel-Novo made strong by Art Places of most Importance in the Turks possession The chief Towns in the Turks part are 1. Buda by the Dutch called Hoffen This City is unevenly seated amongst Hills on the South side of the Danow but in the most fruitful part of all the Country It s exceeding strongly fortified and adorned with many fair buildings both private and publick and furnished with some Medicinal Baths which owe much of their pomp and sumptuousness to their New Masters the Turks who took it from the Christians August 20. Anno Christi 1526. Solyman the Magnificent being present at the taking of it Before

Language is most used The soil in Hungary is wonderful fruitful Their commodities yielding Corn and Fruits in great abundance The Grass in some places as in the Isle of Comora exceeds the heigth of a man which doth breed such a number of Cattel that this Country alone is thought to be able to serve all Europe with flesh they yearly send into Germany and Sclavonia eight thousand Oxen. They have Deer Partridge Pheasant in such superfluity that any man that will may kill them The other commodities of the Country are store of Silver Copper Iron Steel Tin Lead Vitrial which they send into divers Countries Yea and Gold which they not onely find in Mines but also in the Sand of some of their Rivers There are also great store of Sheep Stags Fallow Deer Goates Hares wild Boars Wolves Bears and such like beasts Besides Goshawkes and many other Birds There is scarce any other Country that hath more and greater Rivers than Hungary nor more Navigable The Rivers nor better stored with Fish There is the Danow which rising out of Nigra Sylva or the Schwartzen-Wald as the Germans call it at a little Village of Schwaben about two Dutch Miles from the Shoars of the Rhine passeth through Schwaben Bavaria Austria Hungary c. and runs by the Cities of Ulm Regensberg Passaw Vienna Rab Buda c Belgrade beyond which it beginneth to be called Ister and receiving into its channel from the long Tracts of the Alps the Sarmatian and Carpathian Mountains above sixty Navigable Rivers besides lesser Brooks disgorgeth his full stomach out of seven Mouths into the lap of the Euxine Sea the whole length of his course being fifteen hundred Miles Whence a modern Poet said Cedere Danubius se tibi Nile negat O seven-mouth'd Nile I plainly see Danow will scare give place to thee 2. Savus which rising in Carniola falls into Danow 3. Dravus which rises in Carinthia and falls into Danow 4. Tibuscus or the Tisse which rises in Maramufia under the high tops of the Carpathian Mountains and abounds more with Fish than any other of the Rivers of Hungary for they find in it great store of Surgeons Pikes which sometimes have Livers of an Ell long Carps c. whence they use to say that in this River two parts are water and the third Fish There are also many other Rivers wherein are great store of Trouts Salmons Perches Lampries Barbels c. A famous Lake There is also a famous Lake called Balatan by the Dutch Platse which is in length forty Italian Miles but of breadth unequal In some places it s ten Miles broad in others but three The Rarities of Hungary There be also many Medicinal waters and more hot Baths than any one country hath in Europe Some waters their be of a strange nature whereof some falling upon the ground are turned into Stone Others about the Town of Smolnice which falling into Ditches make a kind of mud out of which being tried and melted they make very good Copper and some again which flow in Winter and freeze in Summer And neer unto Bistrice or Mensol there is a Spring or Fountain out of which comes a green Water whereof they make Solder for their Gold This Country also abounds in Mineral Salt at Maromarusia and other places which they cut like unto a stone There are also hot waters whose Fish being taken out and put into cold water dies presently The waters of the County of Liptove neer unto the Village of St John are good against Scabs In the Territory of Zepus there are waters in which Wood is turned into Stone and neer unto St Martins Church in the same place there is a water which seems to boil the which turns into stone both above and under ground and this Stone is almost like unto the Pumeise In the Country of Zolie there is a Gulf or breach in the ground which casts forth such a deadly stink as it kills the Birds that fly over it Neer unto Javerin upon the Banks of the River Danow towards the East are to be seen some remainders of Trajans Bridge Trajans Bridge built upon that River in Moesia an admirable and memorable work consisting of twenty Arches of square stone which Arches were a hundred and fifty foot high besides the foundation and sixty foot broad and each Arch was seventy foot wide It s a thing to be admired by what means force or Art they could build these several Pillars in this deep and violent stream and lay the foundations of so great a burden the bottom of the River being so deep of mud and there being no means to turn the course of the Water he Arches above the Water were demolished by the command of Adrian the Emperor but the Piles stand still for a Testimony ●o Posterity that there was nothing impossible to the power and wealth of the Roman Empire The Principal Mountains of this Country are 1. Carpatus The Mountains the Sarmatian or Carpathian Mountains spoken of before 2. Matzan neer to the City of Agria whereon grow brave Trees in abundance 3. Erdol the highest of all the rest The Christian Faith was first planted here in the time of King Steven surnamed the Saint They receive the Christian Faith being invited and perswaded thereunto by the Emperor Henry the second who upon this condition gave to this Steven in marriage his Sister Gilla and it was effected by the preaching and industry of Albert Arch-Bishop of Prague Anno Christi 1016 or thereabouts Since which time Christianity hath continued here without interruption having been defended gallantly and bravely against the Turks for a long time But now Mahumatism is much spread over a great part of it by reason of those many places which the Turks hold in it As for the Christians some pertinaciously adhere to the Church of Rome Some follow the Doctrine of Luther and some that of Calvin Their Divisions Besides which there are Arians Anabaptists and other Hereticks crept in amongst them Yet all these different parties agree in this to punish Adultery and Fornication with Death The Father forcing his Daughter the Husband his Wife the Brother his Sister to the place of Execution The worthiest Schollar that ever this Kingdom produced was St Jerome The best Scholars and Captains a worthy Father of the Latine Church who was born in Stridon and of later years Steven Kis surnamed Zegedine from the place of his birth and the most worthy of their Souldiers were John Huniades who so valiantly resisted and repelled the incursions of the Turks and slew of them fifty thousand at the Battel of Maxon and after him was Matthias Corvinus his Son King of Hungary of whom a Poet writes thus Patriae decus unica stirpis Gloria Pannonicae caedis fortissimus ult●r His Countries pride the Glory of his Race Revenger of th' Hungarians late disgrace Their Government The King of Hungary Governs

which he took by assault but with the loss of more of his Officers of note and so by Canysia which he durst not adventure upon his Army being much diminished he returned home The Description of Transylvania with a Catalogue of the Vayvods and Princes thereof TRansylvania is bounded on the East with Moldavia Transylvania described On the West with the Upper Hungary On the North with Russia Nigra a Province of the Kingdom of Poland from which it is separated by the Carpathian Mountains On the South with Rascia and Walachia It took its name from the great Woods lying betwixt it and Hungary the Latine Name signifying the Countrey beyond the Woods By the Dutch it 's called Seber Burgen from seven Castles or strong holds that were anciently built in it to defend the Frontiers It is environed round about with high Hills and Woods It 's strong situation as with Walls so that the passages into it are very difficult by reason also of certain Rivers and Brooks amongst which there is the River of Alutha where there is a strong Castle built called Roteth to defend the passage And upon the River of Mariscus there is another Fort called Brosch The Commodities of it The soil doth naturally abound with Wines Corn and Fruit of which it yielded such plenty in the time of the Romans that the Emperor Trajan caused a piece of mony to be coined which had the Figure of Ceres holding in one hand a Cornu-Copia and in the other a plain Tablet with this inscription Abundantia Daciae The abundance of Dacia More particularly besides the great plenty of Wheat and most excellent Wines it yields great store of Cherries Damascens Malacotoons Musk-melons not inferior to those of Italy As also Centaury great store and many other Medecinal Plants Some Mines of Gold and Silver they have and many more of Iron Brass and Copper and not a few Veins of Salt and Sulphur Of Cattle they have such abundance that many times large Oxen are sold for a Floren or half a Crown a piece They have also a notable breed of Horses which are exceeding swift whose manes hang down to the ground Not to say any thing of that variety of wild Beasts which they have in their Woods and Forrests and of all sorts of Fowl both for food and pleasure The quality of the People The People are much of the same nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been of a long time subject but somewhat more stubborn and untractable they speak the same Language that the Hungarians use The Sclavonian language with some difference in the Dialect onely They were converted at the same time to the Christian Faith and have the same forms of Ecclesiastical Government and the same variety of Religions In former times they used to read as the Jews do from the right hand to the left but of late they conform herein to the Western Nations from whom they are generally descended Their Original It 's evident that the People of this Country are the Progeny of the Saxons by their Saxon Language yet in part retained For we find that Charlemayne like a Politick Conquerer transplanted many of Saxons hither that thereby he might weaken their strength at home and by them fortifie the Bounds of his Empire There is also a Story cited by Verstigan to confirm it Which is this Halberstade was beyond credit troubled with Rats A strange story which a Musician which they called the Peed Piper undertook for a great Mass of Money to destroy which they agreed to Hereupon he tuned his Pipes and all the Rats in the Town dancing after him were drowned in the next River This done he asked his pay which they denied him Whereupon he strikes up a new fit of mirth and all the children both Males and Females in the Town followed him into the Hill Hamelen which presently closed again The Parents miss their children but could never hear news of them believe it who pleases till now of late some have found them in Transylvania This marvellous accident is said to have happened July 22. Anno Christi 1376 Since which time it 's said that the People of Halberstade permit not any Drum Pipe or other Instrument to be sounded in that street and they established a Decree that in all writings of Contracts and Bargains after the Date of our Lord Christs Nativity the date also of this their childrens transmigration should be added for the remembrance of it But though the Dutch or Saxons make up the main Body of the Transylvanians yet having been conquered by the Hungarians they have received many of their Colonies amongst them and in the Northern parts of Transylvania there remain still some of the old Scythians whih were planted there by Attila Out of all these The populousness of it the Body of this Country is composed so strong and populous that they are able to raise an Army of ninety thousand men and actually they did Arm six thousand Horse and twelve thousand Foot for the Battel of Keresture Anno Christi 1596. being more than all Hungary sent to that service by two thousand Chief Towns in Transylvania of the foundation of the Dutch or Saxons are 1. Hermansted in Latine The chief Towns Hermanopolis situate on the River Cibin so named from one Herman who was the Founder of it It 's little Inferior to Vienna for strength or greatness It 's well fortified both by Art and Nature for it stands in a Moorish place so that the access unto it is very difficult 2. Cronstad called in Latine Corona by some Brassovia by others Stephanopolis which name was given to it by Stephen King of Hungary who repaired and beautified it It 's situate on the borders of Wallachia amongst fruitful Mountains It 's adorned with a fair Library a kind of University and it 's the most noted Empory or Mart-Town in all this Country unto which there is great resort especially in the time of their publick Fairs by Turks Arabians Greeks Armenians Polanders Walachians and other Nations 3. Bistricium called by the Dutch Noren It receives it's name from the River Bistrice which runs through it It 's so pleasant and so sweet a Town that there is no mire or durt to be seen in it at any time or if there be the People presently cause the River by stoping of it to swell over it's Banks and so to cleanse the streets 4. Mediesus called by the Dutch Meduish so called quasi Medius Consessus because it 's situate in the midst of the Country It 's a Town almost as neat a Bistrice 5. Segoswaria or Schesburg which stands on the declivity of a Hill 6. Zabesus or Laiz which was onee the chief Town of the Saxons but now it 's much decayed It 's situate in a very deep Valley well fenced with waters and those waters full of Fish 7. Clausenbourg called in Latine Claudionopolis from the Emperor

sixth Anno Christi 1660. George Rakoczi the younger succeeded him who died the last Winter 1663. Radus was by the Great Turk made Prince of Transylvania in the life time of Prince Rakoczi upon some distaste that he took against him for assisting the King of Sweden in his expedition into Poland But when Rakoczi was dead the Turk laid asides Radus as unfit for his turn whereupon one Barkay a Creature of the Turks made himself Prince of Transylvania whom the Turk Protected and supplied with forces against Remini Janos the right successor of Rakoczi whom many of the Transylvanians received for their Prince This Janos fought Barkay and made a great slaughter of his men But at last being oppressed with the number of his enemies he left Transylvania and retreated to Tockay Anno Christi 1661. Not long after Barkay falling into disgrace with the Great Turk he put him down and preferred to his place one Apassi who is now living Anno Christi 1664. A brief Description of those Neighboring Countries which bound upon or are neer unto Hungary and are contained in this Map Sclavonia Described Sclavonia described SClavonia is bounded on the East with Servia Macedonia and Epirus On the West with Carniola On the North with Hungary On the South with the Adriatick Sea It 's so called from the Sclavy a People of Dalmatia It contains in length from Arfia to the River Drinus about eight hundred Italian Miles and in breadth about three hundred twenty five of the same miles the longest day is about fifteen hours and an half in Summer The Country abounds with most of those commodities that are found in Italy to which it is little inferior The Commodities of it It yields Wine and Oyl in great plenty and hath good store of Cattel and some wild Beasts It hath also some rich veins of Gold and Silver The Northern parts are Mountainous cold not yielding Wine or such fruits as require heat yet they yield good Pasturage and breed a race of Sheep that have young twice a year and are shorn four times The Sea coast yields store of Fish and very good Havens The People are couragious proud stubborn The quallities of the People and untractable of strong bodies and constitutions able to endure much drudgery wherein they are imployed by the Venetians The Christian Faith was first planted here about the time of Charles the Bald Emperor of the West Anno Christi 877. Then Religion Sueropilus being the first of their Kings that embraced the Gospel In the Eastern parts towards Greece they embrace the Religion of the Greek Church and in the Western towards Italy that of the Romish Church The Mahumetan Religion in those places which are subjected to the Turks The Sclavonian Language is common to them all The Chief Mountains in this Country are called Scardonici The mountains and rivers the Chief Rivers are 1. Varieca which parts it from Dalmatia 2. Arsa that bounds it on the West And 3. Drinus that bounds it on the East 4. Narento not far from Epidaurus This Country was anciently called Illyria or Illyricum and is subdivided into Windismark Croatia Bosnia Dalmatia and Contado Di Zara. Windismark described Windismark is bounded on the East with part of the Lower Hungary On the West with Carniola or Krain Windismark described On the North with the River Dravus and on the South with Croatia The Chiefest Towns in it are 1. Windisch greits The chief Towns seated on the Dravus 2. Sagona neer unto the Savus 3. Gradischa on the South And 4. Zagabria on the also South of the same River 5. Novigrod on the Savus neer to Germany 6. Petrowya at the foot of the Mountaines which are between the Savus and the Dravus and divide Hungary from Sclavonia 7. Sissag or Sishaken situate on the Savus over against Zagabria where it receiveth the River Zulph famous for the defeat here given to the Turks Anno Christi 1593. who hoped by the Conquest hereof to open a free passage for themselves into Germany for which end they sat down before it with a great Army but the Town held it out gallantly till it was relieved by the Germans who slew of the Turks eight thousand in the place and most of the rest were drowned in the Savus as they fled hastily from the Conquering Sword This Province is much of it under the House of Austria as Kings of Hungary to which Crown it belongs but the North and East parts of it now groan under the yoke of the Turk Croatia described Croatia described Croatia is bounded on the North with Windismark from which its parted by the River Vna or Wana On the East with Bosnia On the South with Liburnia or Contado di Zara On the West with Carniola the Country for the most part is cold and mountainous yet resonably fruitful having necessary provisions for the life of man and would yield far more profit to the Inhabitants were it not for the ill neighbourhood of the Turk to whose Tyranny and oppressions it is enthralled the People are good Souldiers and are called Crabats The chief Towns The Chief Towns in it are 1. Masch or Mosth bordering upon Germany 2. Ostrowits a strong Fort on the same Frontire 3. Wihits by the Dutch called Bigihen the Chief Town of the Country standing like an Island in the River Vna and strongly fortified by Art yet was it taken by the Turks Anno Christi 1591. 4 Zeng 5. Wackat 6. Tarnow 7. Modrisch Part of this Country is held by the House of Austria and the other Part by the Turks Bosnia described Bosnia described Bosnia is bounded on the East with Servia On the West with Croatia On the North with the River Savus On the East with the Lower Hungary and on the South with Dalmatia The chief Towns The chiefest Towns in it are 1. Jaitza or Jaziga situate on the top of an high Hill the bottom whereof is almost compassed with two Rivers which there uniting pass into the Savus The Town by reason of the steepness of the Hill the unfoardableness of the River and the inaccessible Castle is counted impregnable 2. Warbasoni the Chief Town of the Country but unwalled 3. Cazach 4. Schwanica 5. Dorobiza the first Town taken by Mahomet the Great in his Conquest of this Kingdom 6. Clyssa This Country did formerly belong to the Crown of Hungary till it was surprized by the Turks Anno Christi 1464. Dalmatia described Dalmatia Dalmatia described is bounded on the East with Albania from which it 's parted by the River Driso On the East with Variecha which divides it from Liburnia On the North with Bosnia and on the South with the Adriatick Sea Places of most note in it are 1. Sebenic The chief Towns on the Sea shoar 2. Salona 3. Spalato a Sea Town and an Archbishops See Of this See was Marcus Antonius de Dominis who seeming

his Realm chiefly by two Magistrates yet in the Upper Hungary there used to be three Magistrates The first Governs the Realm in the Kings Name The chief Magistrate is the Palatine of the Realm who is next unto the King and Judges the King himself if he be accused He is chosen by the People and his Office is not Hereditary There is also the Judge of the Court who is one of the ordinary Judges of the Realm Then the perpetual Chancellor who is the Archbishop of Strigonium the Primate of the Kingdom and the Chief Secretary His Office is to Annoint the King when he is chosen and to Seal all Patents and Priviledges There is also the Master of the Court who must of necessity follow the King and is his neerest Counsellor There is also the Master of the Royal Tavernies who hath the charge of Mines and Saltpits and doth Judge of causes which concern the Kings revenues in Towns Burroughs and Castles The second Magistrate is appointed for matters of Justice and this Magistracy comprehends three Officers of very great authority that is the Vice Palatine of the Realm the Personal Judge of the Presence who holds the Kings place in Judgements and is above all other Judges and the Vice-Judge of the Court The Inferior Officers are those who are rather Executioners of Judgement than Magistrates and there are two Protonotaries of the Personal Judge one of the Vice-Palatine and one of the Vice-Judge of the Court. All these are called Masters and have joyned to them the Archbishop of Strigoniums Secretary who is called Fiscall besides twelve Assistants and certain sworn Notaries Besides all these there are the Kings Officers as the Treasurer the High Chamberlain and other Chamberlains the Lord Steward of the Kings House and other Masters of the Houshold the Chief Cup-Bearer Gentlemen Servants Ushers and many other Inferior Officers This Kingdom of Hungary hath ever been Elective Their Kingdom is Elective and hath had special Priviledges indulged them by their former Kings King Andrew gave Authority to his Prelates Peers and People that without any imputation of disloyalty they might contradict oppose and resist their King if he did any thing in Violation of their Laws and Sanctions as Dr Heylin saith in his Geography p. 189. But since the house of Austria came to possess this Crown of Hungary they have made their Government more absolute and the People more servile having lost much of their former Liberty and Priviledges For in their ancient Government when as their Kings meant to undertake War to conclude a Peace or to alter any thing in the Government of the Commonwealth their manner was to assemble the Barons Bishops and Gentlemen at a certain place where by the consent of the greater part their Kings had power to confirm abrogate or make Laws To denounce War to conclude Peace and to charge their Lands with Impositions and Taxes according as necessity required Which Assemblies are still in use but the freedom thereof is much retrenched and impaired there being now nothing propounded to these Assemblies by their new Governors but to raise a Contribution of Mony to resist the Turk when he threatens any Invasion to which demand the Estates give their resolution by a certain Day They Judge according to Written Laws but they have another kind of deciding controversies which happen amongst them For if the matter be difficult to end Trial by Combate they ordain that it shall be tryed by Combate betwixt the Parties the which is performed in the presence of the King or his Lieutenant and the victory is adjudged to the stronger and he is judged Victorious that doth so amase his enemy at his first approach as that he retires out of the Field or being in combate is so pursued as that he is forced to abandon the place that is limited to them They that fight on Horseback charge first with their Lances and then they fall to it with their Swords and for such as fight on foot they have their privy parts covered and all the rest of their body is naked Only the males as was said before inherit and if they die without Sons the Daughters do not succeed but the Lands of the deceased fall by Escheat to the King Their strength The forces of this Kingdom whilst it was entire may best be Judged of by those great Armies which they have brought into the Field against the Turk But now two parts of three of Hungary being subdued by the Turks that which remains is not able to answer the proportion of former times The foot Souldiers are commonly but meanly armed the defect whereof is rather to be imputed to Prince than to the People who can but bring their Bodies which is all they have for the defence of their Country Their Horsemen which are called Heiducks are maintained in a continual readiness at the charge of the Nobility and principal Gentry These are Cousin-Germans to the Cossacques almost as cruel and mischievous as they Their Revenues The chief Revenues of this Kingdom come from the Silver Mines out of which is yearly raised about a Million and an half of Guilders But Maximilian the second made it up two Millions by seizing on the Lands of the Cathedrall and Collegiat Churches and assigning annual Pensions to the Bishops Canons and other Religious Persons Most of which summes come cleerly to the Emperors Coffers the Presidiary Souldiers being paid with Contribution Money raised out of the Peoples purses and the Lieutenant Generals Salary which comes to thirty thousand Dollars by the year is defrayed out of their purses also Not to speak any thing of the first Inhabitants of this Kingdom of Hungary so many ages since extinct we will come to the Hungarians the last and Principal Actors upon the Stage of this Kingdom and the givers of the present Name to it before whose coming into it Called formerly Pannonia it was called Pannonia These Hungari were a Scythian People first known in Europe by their acts in the time of the Emperor Arnulphus when wandring in Sarmatia Europaea they were by him called into this Country to assist him against Suantobogius King of the Moravians from whom they took Transylvania and so much of Hungary as lies on both sides of the River Tisse inhabited at that time by the Sclaves and some scattered remnants of the Avares whom they killed or forced to seek new habitations planting themselves in those places which they took from them which is now the Upper Hungary after which they passed the Danow and subdued Pannonia Their Goverment at first was under Dukes The first King But Stephen the fourth upon his embracing the Gospel was honored with the title of a King enjoyed by his successors to this very day In the time of Ladislaus surnamed the Saint Dalmatia and Croatia were added to the Crown of Hungary as bequeathed to the King by his Sister Zelomira the Widow of the

they Elected for their King But upon the Emperors great successes in Bohemia against Frederick Prince Elector Palatine Gabor relinquished his right and hearkned to a Peace Anno Christi 1618. Ferdinand the third the Son of Ferdinand the second was chosen and Crowned King of Hungary in the Life of his Father Anno Christi 1637. And succeeded him in the Empire and Kingdom of Bohemia Ferdinand the fourth the Son of Ferdinand the third was Crowned King of Hungary in his Fathers life time Anno Christi 1646. And died before his Father Anno Christi 1653. being but two and twenty years old Leopold Ignatius his Brother the Son of Ferdinand the third was also Crowned King of Hungary in his Fathers life time Anno Christi 1653. and is now living An account of the Controversies which have happened in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Peace that was made with the Turks Anno Christi 1605 to 1663. The controversies which happened in Hungary as well for Religion as for the charges and Commands in Armies were the causes of many and great mischiefs For Botzkay Istham Duke of Kismaria and Prince of Transylvania revolted from the Emperor having drawn many Noble men of Hungary to joyn with him upon assurance of assistance from the Turk Then did Botzkay take the field with great numbers of Heiducks and made a Declaration against the Emperors Lieutenants which were four who joyning their Forces together went against Botzkay When the Armies met the Hungarians both Horse and Foot yielded to Botzkay The fight continued six hours and the Imperialists were routed Belliceuse one of their Generals fled and the Germans and Silesians were cut in pieces Pets and Pallas Lippay were taken Prisoners and Botzkay sent Pets and some Ensigns to Herder Bassa to shew his affection to the Turk and Pallas Lippay remained Lieutenant to Botzkay and they published another Declaration that they took up Arms for their Civil Liberties and Consciences and to hinder the Persecution of the Gospel Hereupon the Roman Clergy Jesuites were forced to fly to Vienna and the Citizens of Cassovia thrust the Priests and Clergy out of their Towns and became Protestants of the Augustane Confession Baste the Emperors Lieutenant published a General Pardon in his Masters name but it prevailed nothing He also besieged Cassovia in vain the Garison consisting of six thousand men Having raised his Siege in his return he took Epper and some weaker places upon condition to suffer them to enjoy their Religion according to the Confession of Ausbourg But being pursued by Botzkay he lost thirty Waggons laden with Silver and store of Clothes that came from Vienna This so amazed the neighbour places that the Germans and other Strangers were cut in pieces Then did Baste perswade Botzkay by his letters to hearken to peace and to draw the Emperors Subjects to their obedience Botzkay answered that he was content upon condition that he should enjoy the Principality of Transylvania and be the Emperors Lieutenant in Hungary That the French and Walloons should depart the Country That the Souldiers should be paid That the Protestants should not be molested in the exercise of their Religion That Belliceuse who was the cause of these troubles should be delivered into his hands to do justice upon him and that the Emperor should come in Person to the Estates at Ponson and in the mean time the Germans should not stir out of the Garisons to plunder the Countrey Baste seeing these demands so high returned no answer All Transylvania obeyed Botzkay and he received Money from the Turk wherewith he paid his Souldiers and called the Estates of Hungary to a General Assembly upon the last of April In the mean time the Earls of Herin Nadaste and Buda who before had fought with the Turk fell to Botzkays Party having an Army of twenty five thousand men Moldovia and Wallachia also obeyed him This made Matthias the Archduke in the Emperors name to seek for peace and Botzkay sent Helias Hali Helias Hasky who met with the Emperors Commissioner and told him that his Master would not refuse Peace if the Emperor would grant him the Conditions which he had before propounded as also that no Bishop should be of the Senate in Hungary but he onely that was Chancellor Then did Botzkay send Ambassadors to Vienna Peace concluded where at last a Peace was concluded in the year 1606 and the Moneth of September which consisted of these six Articles 1. The Articles with the Emperor That they should enjoy liberty of Conscience throughout all Hungary namely the Catholicks Lutherans and Calvenists and that no other Religion should be tollerated 2. That the Archduke Matthias should be Lieutenant General for the Emperor through all Hungary and that all things should remain in the same estate as they were in for the present 3. That Botzkay should continue Prince of Transylvania Earl of Sicules and Palatine of high Hungary and for want of Heirs Male all should revert to the Emperor and that Botzkays Daughters should be married according to their quality at the Emperors charge 4. That from thence-forth the Palatine and the General Treasurers should be chosen by the Estates of the Country 5. That a General pardon should be published to the end that all matters might be forgotten on both parts 6. The Chambers and New Courts to be abolished the Hungarians to redeem the Castles pawned to the Germans the Government of the Kingdom to be administred by the Hungarians only Raab and Comorra may be Governed by deserving Germans and that Bishops descended of the Nobility to have voice and place in Council others not Bonefires were made at Vienna and all other Places for this happy Peace Shortly after also a Peace was concluded between the Emperor and the Great Turk for twenty years The Articles with the Great Turk whereof these were the Articles 1. That every one should return into his Possessions reedifie his Houses and Castles and remain in the same Estate that he was in before the War 2. That the Emperor should be called Father and the Turk Son which titles they should give each to other by their Ambassadors and in their Writing should use the word Emperor and not King 3. That the Tarters should be comprehended in this Peace with a prohibition not to make any spoil in the Emperors Country nor in Hungary 4. That all the Signiories belonging to the House of Austria should be comprehended in this Peace 5. That all Acts of Hostility should cease and transgressions be punished by exemplary Justice 6. That neither Part shall surprise any Fort Town House nor take any Prisoner nor send any Spy into Hungary 7. That the Treaty of Peace made with Botzkay should be truly observed 8. That Merchants might pass and Traffique freely through their Countries and that there should be four or five Fairs in every year in such places as should be appointed 9. That the Bassa of Buda the

Claudius the second who re-edified it At the first it was a Colony of the Saxons or Dutch onely But of late times the Hungarians coming in as Strangers were at last priviledged as Citizens and inhabit it together with them The Town is well seated in the midst of a pleasant Plain encompassed with a hand some wall and beautified with Elegant buildings 8. Alba Julia called now Weisenberg It 's situate on a simall Brook called Oratas whence it had it's Name It 's built on the side of a Hill neer the River Maruch or Murse It overlooks a large fruitful Plain It was heretofore a Bishops See and the ordenary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania but of late it hath been a Garrison of Hungarian Souldiers who held it for the Emperor as King of Hungary The Chief Towns belonging to the Hungarians The chief Towns belonging to the Hungarians and by them inhabited are 1. Varadin much mentioned in the stories of these later times since the Invasion of the Turks It 's situate on the Borders of Hungary 2. Thorda built in or neer the place called by Ptolmoy Salinae because of the abundance of Salt-pits which were then about it 3. Enguedine by the Romans called Annium from a Causey leading to it which was raised by one Annius and from him so named some fragments whereof are still remaining 4. Deva which is remarkable for having a vein of the best Wines about it not inferior to those of Venusium in Italy 6. Zilahi 7. Gela of both which little is memorable 8. Millenbach not far from which betwixt it and the Town of Brass is a very strong Fortress commanding a streight and narrow passage leading into the Country of Hungary In the North part of Transylvania The Siculi in part of it lyeth the Province called Zacultia inhabited by the Siculi or the old brood of Scythians brought hither by Attila when he first conquered this Country They are a People which have much in them of the ancient Hunn and heretofore had a Language peculiar to themselves But now they speak the Hungarian generally differing onely in the Dialect But though by the necessity of Commerce and co-habitation they have learned the same Language yet they still retain their ancient customs and are Governed by their own Laws They are a Warlike People and live after the same manner as the Switzers do being divided into seven Cantons each Canton being absolute in and of it self but all united with the Transylvanians and amongst themselves for the defence of their Country against the pretention of the German and Turkish Emperors and though they acknowledge some subjection to the Emperor as King of Hungary yet it is but what they list themselves being anciently priviledged from all Taxes more than the paying of a Bull for every Houshold at the Coronation of a new King when and how often so ever it falls out In former times no Nobility nor any one of better means and greater eminence than other was known amongst them but of later times some have overtopped others both in power and title as in other places They imbrace the Gospel Transylvania was Conquered by Stephen the first King of Hungary surnamed the Saint by whose perswasion and inducements they received the Gospel after which time as a member of that Kingdom in was Governed by Deputies whom they called Vayvods of Transylvania the word Vayvod signifying as much as Praefectus Militiae or a Lord Lieutenant a name by reason of the greatness of his place and power of most authority in that Kingdom The Vayvods and Princes of Transylvania since the time of John Huniades Anno Christi 1400. John surnamed Huniades was made Vayvod of Transylvania by Vladislaus the fourth He was a Valiant and Renowned Champion and a great defender of his Country against the Turks whom he overthrew in many Battels especially in that of Maxons where he slew of them fifty thousand He dyed about the year 1458. Steven of the Noble Family of the Battori He was Vayvod in the time of Matthias surnamed Corvinus Son of Huniades and King of Hungary about the year 1470. John the second surnamed de Sepusio was Vayvod of Transylvania about the year 1527 and was afterwards chosen King of Hungary upon the Death of Lewis the second and was thence ejected by Ferdinand of Austria and restored to his Kingdom again by Solyman the great Turk He died Anno Christi 1540. Americus Bishop of Veradium was made Vayvod of Transylvania by John de Sepusio when he took the Crown of Hungary He was treacherously murthered for not complying with the Turks Anno Christ 1534. Stephen Maysat a Noble Hungarian but extreamly ambitious Not long after the Death of Americus he usurped the Vayvodship and was confirmed therein Anno Christi 1540. Stephen the third the Son of John de Sepusio was made Vayvod of Transylvania whilst he was an Infant by Solyman the Magnificent Anno Christi 1541. Stephen the fourth surnamed Battori was made Vayvod by the great Turk and afterwards upon the commendation of Amurath the third was chosen King of Poland Christopher Battori Brother to Stephen succeeded him in the Vayvodship when his Brother Stephen was chosen King of Poland He was the first that leaving the Title of Vayvod called himself Prince of Transylvania 1575. Sigismund Son of Christopher Battori was the next He was a gallant Prince who shook off the Turkish yoke defeated many of their Armies and slew some of their Bassa's But not being able to hold out against so Potent an Enemy he resigned his interest in Transylvania to the Emperor Rodulphus having for it in Exchange the Dukedoms of Oppelen and Ratibor in Silesia and an annual Pension of fifty thousand Joakims But finding his Pension ill paid he reassumed his Princedom and resigned it again to a Kinsman Andrew Battori Cousin to Sigismund He was slain within the year by the Vayvod of Walachia Anno Christi 1599. Rodulphus Emperor of Germany and King of Hungary was admitted Prince of Transylvania Anno Christi 1601. upon the second Resignation of Sigismund But his Souldiers behaving themselves very insolently Sigismund was called back again but never was well setled Justin Battori surnamed Botscay succeeded in the Principality of Transylvania upon the Death of Sigismund by the power of the Turks by whose help he cleared the Country of the German Souldiers Anno Christi 1604. Gabriel Battori of the family of the former Princes succeeded in that Principality by the favour of Achmet the Great Turk Sigismund Ragotzi upon the death of Gabriel Battori was made Prince by the power and favor of the Turks An. Christi 1610. Bethlem Gabor by the Great Turk was made Prince of Transylvania He was a professed enemy to the House of Austria and maintained great Wars against it Anno Christi 1620. George Ragotsy or Rakoczi succeeded his Father in the Principality of Transylvania Anno Christi 1648. He died June the