〈◊〉 a King leaving the Formalities of the inauguration of the new King for another place The Judges and their Officers walk a foot from the Town-house with long mourning Cloaks with Hoods to them on their head After them the Town Standard Bearer on a Horse with mourning trappings with black colours on his Shoulder the end whereof trails upon the Ground Then follows the Sheriff with two others in Mourning like the others each of them carrying a Bucler over his head Next to them come the Aldermen followed by a multitude of People in this manner they proceed to the great Church where the Sheriff having made a short Speech declaring the King's death and their great loss he lets fall the Buckler from his head upon the Stones and breaks it to pieces at which the People raise a hideous lamentation Then they go to the Mint and so to the great Hospital at both which places they perform the same Ceremony which done they return to the great Church and hear Mass The third day after is performed the Ceremony of inauguration which shall be spoke of in another place This Ceremony was now performed at Coimbra where Martin then Bishop crowned King Sancho and his Queen Dulcis according to the custom of those times 3. The first action of the new King was paying his Obedience to Pope Vrban III. 1186. after which he so much addicted himself to repairing of Towns and Castles and building others anew He repairs and builds many Towns as also to encouraging of Tilling that he was called the Peopler and the Farmer or Tiller To the Military order of Santiago he gave the Towns of Alcazar Palmela Almada and Arruda to that of Avis Alpedriz and Alcanede to the Templars Idanha He repaired the great Town of Covillam to whose jurisdiction 300 Villages are subject and gave a Charter to it as he did to Gouvea Viseo and Braganza Ferdinand King of Leon entred into Portugal 1187. with greater force than success for after several repulses he was defeated in the Country of Cerolico Bebado now called la Vera The Governour of Villota a Town on a Hill near the City Guardia observing the King of Leon's Army dispersed about the Villages for Plunder gatherered all the Forces near him and marching from Trancoso recovered all the Booty killing many and putting the rest to flight A Fleet of English Flemings and Danes consisting of 53 sail 1188. Commanded by Jaques Lord of Avesnes entred the Mouth of the River Tagus being designed for the Holy Land The King supplied them with all they wanted and designing the Conquest of the City Silves the Metropolis of Algarve Silves in Algarve taken with the help of a Foreign Fleet. and refuge of all the Moorish Pyrates he proposed advantagious terms to these Strangers if they would assist him in that Expedition They consented Articling for the Plunder of the City if taken Forty Portuguese Gallies were joined to the Foreign Fleet besides Tenders carrying Provision and warlike Munitions The King marched with his Army by Land whilst the Fleet made the best of its way at Sea Both being come before the City they furiously Battered and gave several Assaults to it for the space of two Months meeting a vigorous resistance in the Defendants At the end of that time the Moors pressed with Hunger and the continual attacks of the Christians delivered up the City capitulating only for their lives 4. This City of Silves taken 1189. as has been said was again lost the ensuing Year Algarve subdued King Sancho adds that Title to Portugal King Sancho soon returned into Algarve and not only recovered it but took also the Town of Albor and Castle of Abenabacci besides other places This Country thus conquered King Sancho stiled himself King of Algarve and to the Royal Arms of Portugal added an Orle of Castles Some of his Coin has been seen which in the Orle has 7 Castles which number is still used in the Armes of Algarve when separated from those of Portugal King Alonso III. added more making the Number uncertain but King John II. long after fixed the Number again at seven Betwixt this Year and that of 1200 were repeopled the Towns of Penamacor Pinel Torres Novas Azambuja Penucova Gondomar Ermelo Covellinas Soto de Panoyas and Povos Mâ—ntemayor the New was now first Built as also the City Guarda on the side of the Mountain formerly called Herminius now Serra da Estrella 1190. King Sancho entred Andaluzia a second time laid Siege to the Town of Serpa overthrew the Moors that came to relieve it and yet was forced to rise without taking it Soon after it was taken by the Knights of the Order of Avis Peter Fernandez de Castro that famous Castilian who taking offence at his King often led the Moors against him being now General for the King of Morocco did great harm in Portugal All the territory of Tomar was wasted and Abrantes plundered As he was retiring loaded with rich Plunder Martin Lopez a famous Commander encountred him and after a most sharp dispute recovered all the Prey and took him Prisoner 5. The Miramamolin again overwhelmed this Kingdom with an Army of 400000 Horse and 500000 Foot I could wish a Cipher were cut off from each Number and it would appear more credible He took Torres Novas without opposition but Tomar was bravely defended by Galdin Paez Master of the Templers who had done notable service in the Holy Land The Moor offered to exchange the places he had taken for the City Silves but this proposition being rejected by King Sancho he in a fury laid Siege to Santarem where the Plague raging in his Army Robert Labril and Richard Cambil Englishmen with a fleet of 63 Ships arrive at Lisbon and assist the Portuguese against the Moors he was forced to break it up and depart 63 Men of War from the Northern parts arrived at Lisbon commanded by two English Men of Note called Robert Labril and Richard Cambil The first ten that came in aided the King at Santarem against the Miramamolin the others being joined to them there arose such contention betwixt them and the Portuguese as might have been the cause of much Bloodshed had not the King prudently prevented it and sent the Strangers away well contented A most terrible Plague and devouring Famine followed all these great successes and not only destroyed Men in their Houses but even the wild Beasts in the Woods or else they ran to the Towns for Prey whilst Men fled to the Mountains for Shelter 1191. The Monks of Alcobaca perceiving they must of necessity Perish Great Famine hid an Image of our Lady in the Mountain which being afterwards found A total Eclipse of the Sun a Church was built there and called Our Lady of Help To be brief a great part of the Kingdom was altogether unpeopled all this was foreshown by a total Solar Eclipse 6. As if
the Marquess on the Scaffold had spoke to the people they cried out furiously let him die let him die To which the Marquess answered So the Jews cried out against Christ 4. These Executions having secured the Prince Several Military expeditions he bent all his Thoughts upon War and having to that purpose obtained of the King of France five Colonels of Horse three of Foot and two of Dragoons he ordered them to be ready to march to the Frontiers and raised new Troops to reinforce his Army that lay then before Badajoz However they were otherwise employed for the Council not thinking it expâ—â—â—ent to wast an Army before a Town that did them no 〈◊〉 those Troops that besieged it were recalled to serve elsewhere The first Act of Hostility I meet with betwixt the Spaniards and Portuguese was in the Province of Alentejo near Elvas A Party of Spaniards having broke into that Province exercised all manner of Cruelties to terrifie the People sparing neither Age nor Sex nor even the Churches D. John de Acosta who Commanded at Elvas having notice hereof sent out five Companies of Foot under the Command of Gaspar de Sequeira Manuel These were followed by 400 Men under the Conduct of Luis Mendez de Vasconcellos These being joyned by certain Troops three Leagues from Campo Major marched towards the Spaniards who still continued their Ravages and Charging them killed 200 upon the spot pursuing the rest to the Gates of Badajoz where they took shelter This fortunate beginning was followed by like consequences 600 Spaniards advancing into the Province of Alentejo to surprize the Town of Montalvao Mascarenhas Collonel of a Portuguese Regiment with only four Companies Attacked them before they came to the Town and with such good success that having killed 18 or 20 the rest retired to the Pass on a small River and he fearing some ambush because Night drew on pursued no further In the morning perceiving they were quite gone he followed them as far as the Town of Ferreira in Castile which he Plundered and Burnt without any opposition though it might easily have been defended against a greater power Beyond the Mountains the Spaniards had sacked and Burnt four open Towns to revenge which Lewis Gomez de Figueiredo passed over into Galicia took the Town of Monterey and having pillaged reduced it to Ashes To requite this another party of Spaniards fell into the Countrey about Braganza but the Inhabitants and Soldiers who Quartered thereabouts assembling cut most of them in pieces and then piercing into Castile burnt seven Villages and the Town of Geronda of which they left nothing standing but the Walls At the same time Luis Gomez de Figueiredo with 1500 Foot and 300 Horse fell upon the Marquess of Tarrasona who marched towards Valverde with 2000 of the former and 200 of the latter and after a Fight which lasted about four hours obtained the Victory which had been greater but that Night coming on hindred the pursuit 5. Daily Action more and more incensed the two Nations Other War like exploits and an implacable hatred had taken possession of their hearts so that the Frontiers were never free from slaughter and Rapine D. Gaston Coutinho the Portuguese General being informed that 6000 Spanish Foot and 800 Horse had fortified themselves in two Villages one whereof was in Galicia the other in Portugal he marched with 30 Horse to view them and finding their Works weak enough to be overthrown if Attacked with vigour ordered his Foot to advance A Party of the Enemies Horse that advanced was easily Repulsed which causing some Consternation in the main Body gave time to plant two pieces of Canon against them These two pieces having played some time D. Gaston who had made four Batallions of his Foot courageously assaulted the Works in as many places The Soldiers being as forward in the pursuit of Honour as their Officers nothing could withstand them They forced the Entrenchments took four redoubts entred the place and took all the Baggage but not contenting themselves with this Victory and the gaining of 11 Colours they burnt all the Villages for two Leagues about Above 400 Spaniards were killed upon the place 14 Officers and 70 Soldiers were taken Nor was this all the Portuguese General making his advantage of the Enemies Consternation the next day marched into Galicia and pursuing those that having escaped had fortified themselves in another Village forced them again to retire burnt nine Houses and then returned home with Honour and his Soldiers enriched with Plunder In the mean while Vasco de Azevedo Coutinho and Emanuel de Sousa de Abreu being continually infested by the Excursions of the Spaniards gathered all the Forces they could and marched to Lobos in the Castle of which place the Spaniards always had a safe retreat after committing their ordinary Ravages This Castle they assaulted and carried with the loss only of 22 Men which done they burnt 700 Houses as well in the Town of Lobos as in the neighbouring Villages This was not yet the last stroak of ill fortune the Spaniards felt Martin Alfonso de Mello understanding a great body of them was marched from Badajoz to Attack Olivenza a Town seated on the River Guadiana which parts Spain and Portugal assembled all the Forces he could to relieve that place Being on his March an Express came to him from the Governour giving an account that they had assaulted the Town in two places but met with such a vigorous opposition that they were forced to retire with the loss of 200 Men nevertheless he desired some succour least they should return They accordingly returned hoping to surprize the place feigning themselves a Portuguese Convoy with Provisions yet met they with no better success being again repulsed with the loss of 140 Men. Martin Alphonso still hoped to be able to overtake them in their return but they taking another way than was given out he missed of them and therefore dismissed his Troops to their several Garrisons It was a generally received Opinion throughout all Spain though the Author of it was not known that the Duke of Medina Sidonia The Duke of Medina Sidonia being suspected in Spain Challenges King John held secret Correspondence with the King of Portugal and favoured his Cause The ground of this Suspicion was that King John had to his Queen the Sister of that Duke and upon this Jealousie it is thought the King of Spain talking one Day with the Count Duke de Olivarez complained to him That he had three or four times observed the Family of Guzman was fatal to his Grandeur The Count Duke who was himself of that Family immediately dispatched an Express to the Duke of Medina Sidonia summoning him to appear at Court with all possible Speed He obeyed and being come to Madrid he was perswaded that to clear himself of the imputation of Disloyalty cast upon him he should publish a Manifesto containing a Challenge to the new King of
of Humane Vanity Those few Restorers of Mankind and small Remnant of that wonderful Desolation cleansed the Place and laid the Foundation of the first City in the World after its Destruction That it was called Saga Albina as the Rabbies will have it whom some learned Authors follow is very uncertain as are all other Things depending on Humane Faith which is very fallible though depending on the Credit of that very Age much more when delivered so long after The Infallible as being Divine Historian clears this Doubt when he calls it Babel for this Name belonged to the City before the Erecting of the Tower which was no more than a part of the other It is no less uncertain that Araxa a Daughter of Noah according to the same Authors remained as Sovereign of that City when the Inhabitants being grown too numerous were obliged to divide and spread themselves farther about the Earth 2. It was not so much their Multitude that obliged them to separate Wâ—â— the Of 〈◊〉 of Noah dispersed as the Discord that began to grow among them and even their Vices for they all rather chose to follow the Example of their wicked Ancestors who had suffered than to take Warning by their Punishment Even the Memory of that Chastisement instead of reclaiming served only to make them the more guilty For after having begged and obtained Mercy from God they proudly attempted to raise Works against Heaven and brave his Omnipotence They had the Presumption to believe they could secure themselves against another Deluge without the Assistance of God And whereas the surest Fence Mortals have against the just Indignation of the Almighty is his Mercy when humbly sued for yet they began that so famous Tower which as it was a Work prodigious for Men in that Infancy of their Reparation so it â—roved so meer a Nothing to GOD that He made 〈◊〉 of no other Engines to destroy it but the Tongues oâ— the Builders Hence many Ages after sprang that Greek Fable Of the Giants destroyed with Lightning for â—â—â—mpting to climb up to Heaven by laying Mountains upon Mountains Thus the most favoured Part of the Creationâ— in Heaven and on Earth both Men and Angels 〈◊〉 gave themselves up to Pride and Rebellion 3. Nimrod The Tower of Babel built Grandson to the wicked Cham was the Founder of this fond Structure which perished before it could be finished Wherefore finding now that GOD needed no other Power against the Machinations of Men but themselves and Discord still increasing more than the People which yet multiplied to Excess Life being granted for so long a Term of Years they concluded there was no Way to escape the Hand of GOD without they could find out Means to avoid one another the greatest Grievance being then to tolerate themselves This made them resolve to spread themselves farther than the narrow Bounds of the adjacent Provinces to seek the remote Parts of the Earth and commit themselves to the Sea in Vessels made after the Pattern of the Ark. So they marched into distant Countries and touched remote Shores still stretching farther and farther till they had filled the Circumference of this Terrestrial Globe The Heads of this first Transmigration were the Sons of our Second Father Sem Cham and Japhet Some say Asia Africk and Europe were their three Portions which were called the Three Parts of the World till Experience taught us they were but one of the two Continents which divide this Lower World and may seem to have been divided into three Parts in respect to them three 4. After these three first Universal Planters had separated themselves and inhabited the nearer Regions the Multitude still increasing their Children thought of sub-dividing and travelling to find out some remoter Habitations where every Head of a Family might erect himself a Sovereignty Tubal lands in Portugal Among these Tubal the fifth Son of Japhet sailing the Mediterranean passed out of the Mouth of the Streightâ— and leaving the Cape formerly called Promontorium Sacrum now Cape St. Vincent behind landed in the most Western Part of Europe and being invited by the Pleasantness of the Soil and Sereneness of the Air founded on the Edge of the Sea not far from the Mouth of Tagus the City Setubal Other Countries pretend he first built Cities among them I will not dispute it with them so I be allowed he came hither This happen'd about the Year of the World not to be too precise in such dark Antiâ—uities 1800 about 150 Years after the Deluge and â—070 before Christ and till the time that the Divine WORD was made Flesh we will reckon thus diminishing still the Years 5. These first Antiquities to most Men seem fabulous and therefore I will lightly run them over till those Times that afford us more Light of History there being no solid Grounds to fix the Credit of what passed before the Time of the Romans and Carthaginians Only as for the first Peopling of Spain by Tubal we have the Authority of Josephus who says That of Jobel came the Jobeli afterwards called Iberi Celtiberi and Spaniards 6. The first Form of Government as the most perfect was Monarchical and that not confined or restrained as since the Insolence of Subjects has made it but absolute There were no Laws to bind the Sovereign or People the Will of the Monarch was positive Law Princes at first studied rather how to maintain Tubal the first King of Spain than enlarge their Dominions In this manner Tubal governed Spain the Term of an Hundred Years and then gave them a Form of Law or rather Advice in Verse to be transmitted to Posterity He also settled a Form of Divine Worship as knowing that The Fear of GOD is the Beginning of Wisdom Tubal having reigned 155 Years 2009. died and was buried in that farther Part of Spain which in respect to his Ashes was called Promontorium Sacrum and which for many Ages the Natives thought it profane to tread And this Name continued till the first King of Portugul Don Alfonso Enriquez changed it to that of Cape St. Vincent 7. By the Death of Tubal Iberus the second King the Monarchy of Spain devolved upon his Son Iberus of whom some say the River Ebro took Name and Spain that of Iberia He invented the Art of Fishing reigned 37 Years and died in the Year 1972. 1972. before Christ Observe always that the Year one died the other commenced his Reign 8. Jubelus Jubelus the third King Jubalda or Idubeda Son and Successor to Iberus spent most of his time in the Study of Astrology or Natural Magick and ended his Days having reigned 64 Years 9. Upon the Death of his Father 1907. Brigus took upon him the Sovereignty Brigus the fourth King who built many Towns and Fortresses which still preserve his Name as appears in Lacobriga Conimbriga Medobriga Brigancia and others From his erecting so many Castles it is supposed
with such Brotherly Love The Lominii three Sons of Gerion reign and such perfect Union that they gave occasion to the Fable That Spain was ruled by a King with three Heads Such was the Entrance of their Sway that it seemed they were resolved to preserve with Justice what their Father had gained with Violence But it was not long before it appeared they had rather be thought Sons of such a Father than Fathers of their Subjects They were good no longer than till they had the Power to be wicked which was till Osiris was removed Then remembring the People of Andaluzia Aragon and Valencia had been the Cause of their Father's Death by calling in Osiris they removed towards those parts on pretence of Affection but in reality to wreak their Revenge 2. Osiris being basely Murdered by his Brother Typhon his Son Orus Lybicus succeeded him having slain the Murderer The People of Andaluzia now again oppressed by the Tyranny of the Lominii who upon the departure of Osiris were exercising their revenge on those their Subjects Orus Lybicus or Hercules comes into Spain 〈◊〉 the Lominii 〈◊〉 makes his Son Hispalus King sent for and to Orus Lybicus called also Hercules who speedily came to their relief as his Father had done out of Africk where he had killed the Giant Anteus and marched after the Enemy who were retired to the Fastnesses of Lusitania and there resolutely waited his approach The Lominii had posted themselves in a secure place called formerly Saltus Tercenorum Hercules seeing them in place almost inaccessible resolved to save his Men and avoid the hazard of a Battle by challenging the three Brothers to fight him hand to hand which he did and they accepting of it were all three slain successively 1718. The Portuguese seeing their Princes slain began to move to revenge their Death but Orus making use of perswasions rather than force appeased them and calling the Nobles to him he made a Sacrifice of Thanksgiving This done he advanced as far as the Promontorium Sacrum where he built a magnificent Temple wherein the Aegyptian Ceremonies taught by the Founder were for many Ages after Religiously observed The People in acknowledgment for the Benefits received by Hercules or rather swayed by fear joyfully received his Son Hispalus for their King who continued in Lusitania with many of his Aegyptians 3. Hispalus was installed 42 Years after the Gerions had begun to Reign and being peaceably seated on the Throne his Father Orus Lybicus marched away for Italy The gentle Government of Hispalus was the reviving of the hearts of that People after so many Calamities but Prosperities are not durable for he died the 17th Year of his Reign Among the memorable Customs introduced by him were those of Burying the Dead and wearing Mourning for them what sort of Mourning it was appears not but that which many Ages after was used till the time of King Emanuel of Portugal and Ferdinand of Castile was on the lightest occasions rough Canvass and the deep used for Kings and such like occasions of the coursest Sack-cloth and that always White as is still used in China 4. Hispanus succeeded his Father Hispalus and was Proclaimed in the Temple of Hercules with great Ceremony The Spaniards in those days held it a crime to look upon the setting Sun therefore those that lived upon the Coast used to turn their backs towards it those who lived near the Promontorium Sacrum retreated at Night far off from it believing the Gods spent the Night there in Sport and Pastimes not to be seen by Mortal Eyes Only the Priests and the King on the Night of his inauguration were permitted to stay on that point of Land and look towards the West but as soon as the Sun quite disappeared they prostrated themselves on the Ground and then retired to the Temple where they continued till break of day when the King returned to the same place and continued there till the Sun again spread its Beams over all that part of the Country Then he returned joyfully to the People offered Sacrifice and was thence forward esteemed wiser than all others as being one that had seen Divine Secrets and Hidden Mysteries It is a common Opinion among the vulgar that Hispalis now Sevil was built by Hispalus and that the Name Hispania came from Hispanus 1169. who died when he had Reigned 32 Years leaving no Issue 5. Hercules Hercules Governs Spain and leaves the Crown to Hesperus after the Death of his Grandson Hispanus returned to Spain which he Governed Nineteen Years in Peace with singular Wisdom and Goodness and finding his end draw on he appointed Hesperus one of his Officers his Successor The Funeral Obsequies being performed 1650. Hesperus took upon him the Sovereignty but the giddy People being dissatisfied with his Government revolted from him to his Brother Atlas Italus who came out of Italy pretending a right as being the Elder Brother though neither had any other Title but the choice of Hercules which was of the Younger Hesperus deposed and Atlas set up in his place By this desertion of the Subjects Hesperus was easily deprived of the Crown and flying into Italy outlived not long his Misfortune Italus having Reigned in Portugal the space of Ten Years returned into Italy 1618. leaving the Dominion of Spain to his Son Sic-Orus He leaves the Crown to his Son Sicorus during whose Reign the Noise of Arms was not heard he left his Name to that River of Catalonia that washes the Walls of Lerida and is now called Segre but formerly Sicoris and a great part of that Country was of him long after called Sicoria he Reigned 55 Years 6. Sicanus the Son of Sicorus succeeded his Father Sicanus Succeeds them and Sicceleus him he is reported to have waged War in Italy and thence to have passed over and conquered Sicily which of him our Author will have to take the Name of Sicania and he to have Reigned 31 Years His Son Sicceleus immediately entred upon the Government and of him also is continued that Romantick Story of going into Italy with an Army where also he is said to have died in the 44th Year of his Reign 2453 from the Creation 797 from the Flood and 1509 before the Birth of Christ 1509. 7. After the Death of Sic-Celeus his Son Lusus was proclaimed King Lusus ascends the Throne and for the singular Affection he shewed to the Western part of Spain where he spent the most of his life that Country took his Name being afterwards called Lusitania Under this Name was comprehended all the Country between the Rivers Guadiana and Duero the main Ocean bounded it on the West and its limits on the East were formed by an imaginary line drawn almost straight from the turning of the River Duero near Castrominho down to Guadiana which River divided it from the Province Betica Nothing else is recorded of Lusus but that he
inhabit passed into the Territories between Cerolico and Trancoso but finding it difficult to settle in that wild Country and among 〈◊〉 People so rude Seâ—â—ral People planâ— new Colonies that they scarce understood one another's Language at two Miles distance they waded over the River Coa and there Peopled all that Country building several Towns The Barbarians of the Coast of Setuval understanding that the Turduli wander'd to find new Seats they passed-over the Tagus to possess their Lands Those who were left behind endeavoured to oppose them but in vain and finding they looked not after Towns but lived in the open Fields they desisted But the Barbarians with the same Ease passed on and crossing the River Mondego settled about Viseo stretching by Degrees to the River Duero The Greeks also that inhabited Galicia attempted to pass the River Minho but they were repulsed by the People of the Province with a great Slaughter on both sides It will not be amiss to give an Hint of the Customs of those People 3. Their Idols were Customs of the Inhabitants Mars and Minerva for the obtaining of Valour and Wisdom To them they offer'd the Right Hands and sometimes the Bodies of their Enemies taken in War In the Entrails of the Sacrifices they made their Observations of future Events In their Feasts an He-Goat was a great Dainty and they did eat upon Round Tables Whilst the Dinner lasted some played upon Noisy Instruments and any Guest might rise and dance Their Sports were Wrestling Running and Pitching the Bar. The Young Men sung the Praises of those that died in Battel Their Weapons were Swords and Daggers and they gave Battel drawn up in close Battalions Their Apparel in Times of Peace was long and wide and their Hair long The Women wore Gowns down to the Ground and Mantles on their Shoulders which served them for Beds Their manner of Dancing was in a Ring Marriages were made to please the Bridegroom not the Father or Friends The Portion was a few Goats And the Chastity of the Women was such that Adultery was scarce to be heard of There were no Physicians among them But the Sick were set in a publick Place and all that passed by advised what they thought best for them Criminals were stoned to Death And all Passengers were obliged to cast a Stone to compleat the Burial of the dead Body No Money was used but all dealt by way of Barter They passed Rivers and fished in Boats made of one Tree hollowed like the Indian Canoes 4. The People inhabiting between the Rivers Duero and Minno 480. passed over into Gallicia and having in a bloody Fight wherein the Women as well as the Men shewed exceeding Valour vanquished the Greeks who possessed that Country they setled amongst them Twelve Thousand Spaniards were entertained by the Carthaginians in their Expedition against Gelon King of Sicily but they and all that Fleet perished The Carthaginians then bent their Thoughts upon the Conquest of Spain Sappho the Carthaginian gathers Gold in Spain whither they sent Sappho General who gathering much Gold in the Mines enriched his Country but was forced to return against those Africans who demanded a certain Tribute which they said Queen Dido paid at the Foundation of the City He carried with him 7000 Spanish Foot and 400 Horse who did him good Service and returned home victorious Sappho being called away the Carthaginians sent in his Place Hanno and Himilco Hanno coasting along Spain landed at Cape St. Vincent where he shewed great Reverence to the Place to win the Hearts of the People and having discovered the Country and traded with the Inhabitants returned home Himilco sailed forward to Cape Espichel where some of his Men landing to get fresh Provisions were for the most part cut off by the savage People Thence they continued their Voyage and ran up the River Tagus where being well received and furnished with Pilots they made Cape Cascais and the Berlings The Carthaginians had some Commerce with the Turduli living between the Rivers Tagus and Duero and of them had some Information about the Inland Parts Hamilco continued his Course to the River Mondego and by Stress of Weather was forced to put into the Vouga on whose Banks he found a Colony of Greeks and so continued his Discovery to the River Minho After sounding all the Coast of Lusitania many of his Ships perished in a Storm the rest were put into the Port Gaya so shatter'd that several of them sunk there but the Men were saved Part of them put to Sea again with Himilco who went away to his Brother Gisgo in Andaluzia The rest staid among the Natives The City Braga founded by the Carthaginians and afterwards founded the City Bragâ— in Memory of the River Bragada in Africk running through their Country Some will have this City to be first built and take its Name of the Gaules called Braccasi Hannibal the Elder succeeded Himilco in the Government of the Affairs of Spain He hearing of the new Carthaginian Colony resolved himself to visit the utmost Point of Europe or Cape St. Vincent and there founded a City upon a convenient Bay which was called Hannibal's Port. 5. After this 420 the Lusitanians and Andaluzians fell at Variance Several great Battels for those Turdâ—tani who had settled in that part of the Country endeavouring to extend their Limits to those Plains which afterwards took Name of the Vandals were opposed by the ancient Inhabitants and after much Blood spilt put to Flight leaving behind them a rich Booty But they seeking Revenge gathered a Multitude of the bordering Lusitanians And the Andaluzians to oppose them called Hanibal with his Carthaginians to their Aid These powerful Armies encountring fought most obstinately the whole Day till Night parted them leaving the Field cover'd with 80000 dead Bodies among which was Hannibal himself This so weaken'd the Lusitanians that those barbarous People living along the Sea-Coast durst take Arms against them and overthrew the Celtae who first offered to withstand them The Turdetani retiring out of Andaluzia and joining with the Celtae they fell upon the victorious Barbarians of whom they made such Havock that few returned home to carry the News of their Defeat 6. The Carthaginians 403. in their Wars with the Agrigentines among other Spaniards used the Aid of 3000 Lusitanians by whose Valour they destroyed that City With the like Number they overthrew Dionysius the Tyrant of Sicily But Sickness did what the Sword had not done for none of those Men returned home In the mean while Great Dearth and Storms Spain suffered by the Indignation of Heaven for the Storms and Dearth were so excessive that the Wild Beasts came out of the Desarts to the Towns to look for Shelter and Provender Hanno the Second came from Carthage to govern Andaluzia and landing at Hannibal's Port in Lusitania raised 7000 Lusitanians to subdue the Andaluzians who had revolted provoked
to destroy the Enemies Country This obliged the Vectones to choose one Tagus for their General under whose Conduct for some time they put Asdrubal to his Shifts till in one Battle he cut off most of their Horse Thus Tagus was constrained to make Overtures of Peace which being admitted and sworn to Asdrubal contrary to his Oath made Tagus and many of his principal Men Prisoners They resolving to sell their Lives at a dear rate put many of the Carthaginians to the Sword but in Conclusion were all foully murdered by Asdrubal He remained Governour in Spain and Hanibal went over into Africk 10. The Romans envying the Fortune of the Carthaginians in Spain by the Mediation of the People of Marseilles joined in League with the Sanguntines and other Cities This made Hanibal haste back into Spain where he found his Brother-in-law Asdrubal was dead Hannibal settles in Spain as he had deserved For a Slave to that Tagus whom he perfidiously slew stabbed him as he was sacrificing in revenge of his Masters Death Nor did he afterwards endeavour to escape but being put upon the Wrack bore all his Torments with a Countenance unmoved Hanibal made it his Business to gain the Good Will not only of the Africans but of the Natives To this intent he contracted Friendship with one Viriatus not he that held War so many Years against the Romans who was a principal Man or little Prince among the Celtae of the Province of Alentejo Next to bind the Andaluzians faster he married a Wife among them called Himilce born at Castulon now a poor Village known by the Name of Carlona By her he had his Son Aspar Having thus secured his Interest and gathered a mighty Army from all parts his next Thought was to break the Peace made some Years before with the Romans In order to it he resolved to invade Saguntum a City in League with them By the way he subdued the Vocei and other Nations From them he marched against the Vectones who had killed his Father and laying Siege to Salamanca so distressed it that the Inhabitants were forced to buy their Peace This Accord was broke by the Lusitanians who getting into the City violated the Conditions whereupon the Siege was again continued At length the Besieged capitulated to depart with only their Apparel and unarmed They marched out but the Women carrying the Weapons under their Garments and delivering them to the Men they made such use of them that had not Hanibal's Army been so numerous it had been dubious which side should have been victorious but the Multitude overcame Valour and most of the Vectones perished All things succeeding prosperously Hanibal sets down before Saguntum with 150000 Foot and 20000 Horses Saguntum destroy'd After a Siege of Eight Months he took and destroy'd that City which made the War between Rome and Carthage to be no more doubted of Hanibal gathered supplies from all parts and many out of Lusitania Viriatus that little King going in Person with a good Body to accompany him Asdrubal Hanibal's Brother drew together considerable numbers of those rude People between the Rivers Duero and Minho Nor were the Vectones with whom his Father and Brother-in-law had such cruel Wars backwards being most willingly entertained by him for their extraordinary Valour Balarus a Lusitanian commanded a brave Body of Light Horse CHAP. IV. Hanibal's Actions in Italy the Romans come into Spain the Carthaginians expelled thence The Wars between the Romans and Lusitanians from the Expiration of the Carthaginian Command till Viriatus began to Sway. 1. HAnibal having subdued Spain Hanibal marches to Italy leaves his Brother Asdrubal there with 12000 African Foot and 2500 Horse he sends 15000 Spanish Foot and 1200 Horse to Carthage and marches himself over the Pyreneans with 102000 Fighting Men. Five Months he spent in his long and tiresome march through France and over the Alps with the loss of 36000 Men With the rest he enters Lombardy forces the Consul Cornelius Scipio who came to oppose him to retire to Plansencia and overthrows him being joyned by T. Sempronius at the River Trebia killing 30000 Romans This done he passes the Apennine where with watching and labour he lost an Eye and coming to the Lake Thrasim again Defeats the Roman Army under the Consuls C. Servilius and C. Flaminius Qnintus Fabius sent against him with a fresh Army tired him without Fighting next came the Consuls Emilius Paulus and â—erentius Varro who through the rashness of the latter adventuring to give Battle 216. were totally discomfited with the loss of 50000 of their Men. 2. Whilst Hanibal victoriously traversed the best part of Italy Gneyus Scipio was sent from Rome into Spain with him Asdrubal Hanibal's Brother had several Conflicts and after some fortunate Successes was forsaken by Fortune The Romans come into Spain and forced to retire into Lusitania to raise new Forces there he joyned in League with a King called Mandonius with whose assistance he checked the Progress of Scipio Yet Asdrubal marching with an Army towards Italy was overthrown by him and returning again to Lusitania gathered fresh Forces with this Power he not only curbed the Romans but having killed the two Scipio's Cornelius and Gneius took most of the Roman Garrisons in Catalonia and Andaluzia Besides the Calamities of the War Spain laboured under the Miseries of Plague and Famine which principally raged in Lusitania After which ensued a general Earth-quake throughout Europe on the same day the Battle at the Lake Thrasimenus was fought which tho' so violent that it ruined many Towns was not felt by the two Armies that were engaged 3. Such was the posture of Affairs in Spain The Carthaginians expelled by the Romans when Claudius Nero was sent thither from Rome and after him Publius Cornelius Sipio who was very successful against the Carthaginians Asdrubal marched with a great power out of Portugal to retreive those losses at such time as Massinissa landed with a number of Numidian Horse and some Elephants to joyn him all this mighty Multitude was overthrown by the Fortune and Valour of Scipio Asdrubal thus broke resolved to march into Italy to the assistance of his Brother Hanibal leaving the Command in Spain to the other Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo who as he was directed retired with the Carthaginian Forces into Lusitania and having made up a body he broke into Andaluzia but was there discomfitted by Marcus Sillanus Scipio's Lieutenant Mago understanding that Asdrubal his Brother with the whole Army he led into Italy had been cut off by the Consuls Claudius Nero and Livius Salinator and despairing of maintaining the War in Spain shipped himself with his Forces at Cadiz and having done much harm along the Ligurian shore returned to Carthage Scipio now in Africk threatning the City Carthage Hanibal was called home to defend his Country there having in vain treated of Peace he was in Battle overthrown and flying to Prusias King
fell to Burning all the plain Country with such Fury that People were glad to beg a Peace which was easily granted Thus the Consul was at leasure to Besiege the City Labrica Brutus the Roman Consul takes the City Labrica the Inhabitants whereof immediately submitted but no sooner had he turned his back than they began to fortify themselves and falling upon such Romans as were left in their Neighbourhood cut them in pieces This News being carried to Brutus he turned back and encompassing the City forced the Inhabitants to come out without Arms into the open Field there taking them into the middle of his Army and having severely reproved them for their Perfidiousness when they expected nothing but present Death he ordered them to return again to their City and be more faithful for the future From that time forward they continued in Subjection but could not be brought to serve against their own Country 3. The Roman Army advanced to Braga plundering the Country 125. but the Citizens sallying out in a good Body surprized and carried away a Convoy of Provisions that was going to the Camp Brutus in revenge destroyed all before him and the Bracarenses more offended then terrified marched six Miles out of the City to give him Battle the Women here played the part of most valiant Soldiers and after the Fight had long stood doubtful the Romans were put to flight The Bracarenses over-secure in their Victory lay about the Fields without any Watch He destroys the Country about Braga which Brutus imagining having rally'd his Forces he came upon them and having well revenged his Disgrace with the Death of many the rest fled to the Shelter of their Walls He assaults the City which the Inhabitants disdaining the Men sallied out leaving the Women to guard the Walls but they resolving not to be out-done by the Men rushed out after them and so together repulsed the Romans to their Trenches This made the Consul give over the Attack and changing his manner of proceeding wasted all the Country about in this manner the Consul came to the River Lina formerly called Lethe It was the common Opinion that those who passed it forgot their Countries for which reason Brutus his Soldiers could not be perswaded to enter the Ford. He to undeceive them snatching an Ensign from the Bearer set Spurs to his Horse and passed over then calling to his Soldiers told them many things of Rome to convince them he had not forgot it and by this means he perswaded them to venture over the River The Camponeses who inhabited on the other side came to hinder their passage but were repulsed and the whole Army gained the farther Bank Nâ—ar 60000 Galicians destroyed The People of Galicia to the number of 60000 coming to the relief of their Neighbours were by Brutus in their passage over the River Minho so intirely overthrown that the greatest part was either Drowned put to the Sword or made Captives The loss of this powerful succour so discouraged the Lusitanians that they suffered the victorious Army to range about at pleasure taking many Towns without the least opposition 4. The City Cinania stood resolutely upon its Defence and Brutus offered them Peace if they would buy it Their Answer was That their Ancestors had left them their Swords and Valour to maintain their Liberty not Gold to purchase it Certain it is this City was many Years after destroyed by another Power Brutus spent two Years in those parts 122. his Command being still prolonged to him because he was Fortunate He now stiling himself Conqueror of Galicia and Lusitania marched against the Inhabitants of the Province of Beira Brutus Conquers Lusitania and Galicia and triumphs at Rome who being a fierce Barbarous People put him to much trouble in passing Rivers and piercing the uncouth Mountains till at last coming to a Battle he was worsted yet recovering again he obtained a Victory but at so dear a rate that he would gladly have been without it rather than have sustained such loss After this he again passed over Tagus and resided three Years in the City Morus then standing where now the Castle of Almourol is he ended his Government with such Reputation that the Roman Senate unanimously voted he should triumph over the Lusitanians and Gallicians 5. Whilst the Proconsul Decius Junius Brutus triumphed and Rome wasted with Civil Wars could not carry on its Foreign Expeditions the Senate sent Governours who might supply their want of strength by policy and obliging the Natives The project proved ineffectual for a powerful Army broke out of Lusitania consuming all that stood in its way belonging to the Romans 120. Caius Marius the Proconsul The Lusitanians revolt and are reduced who had gained Reputation at Numantia put a stop to this Torrent He brought not numerous but choice Forces from Rome and joyning them to those he found in Spain marched to repress the fury of the Lusitanians he worsted them but they assembling a greater power again gave him a considerable Defeat Nevertheless the Proconsul nothing terrifyed as being well used to the various Fortunes of War calling together the Celtiberi and drawing his old Soldiers out of the Garrisons in several rencounters overthrew the Lusitanians in such manner that for some Years we have no account of them After that time of silence they again began to disturb the Province of Hispania Viterior 109. so that Calfurnius Piso was sent from Rome against them it is natural to guess he had no great success because very soon after Servius Sulpicius Galba was sent to succeed him neither is it likely that Galba sped much better for in the Town of Condeixa there is still an antient Inscription which denotes some hot piece of service in which Galba lost many Men of Note 107. His Successor was Quintus Servilius Cepio Son to him that dishonourably contrived the Death of Viriatus the particulars of what he did are not known 104. but sure it was much since he was allowed to triumph at Rome A powerful Roman Army ranged in Lusitania but with such ill success that not a Man escaped to carry home the News of their loss 99. This fatal stroke produced a quiet Peace for four Years which ended in a great Victory obtained over the Lusitanians by Decius Junius Silanus 97. Yet the vanquished gathering new Forces L. Corn. Dolabella again subdues them made a mighty havock in all the Province of Hispania Vlterior Lucius Cornelius Dolabella was sent in hast Proconsul from Rome to remedy this growing Evil. He behaved himself so prudently that the Lusitanians were obliged to lay down their Arms and keep within their own Borders for which it was granted him to triumph at Rome 6. All these Calamities were not enough to subdue the Lusitanians and therefore the Romans designing utterly to extirpate them sent the Consul Publius Licinius Crassus against them He behaved himself so
where we will leave him Tubero left to Govern the Province Pub. Cincinnatus succeeds Caesar as Propraetor kept it in Peace till the coming of the Proconsul Publius Cincinnatus in whose time the Lusitanians began again to raise Arms but Authors do not give us any particular Relation of the Event of those Commotions till the Time of the Praetor Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinter About the same time there marched a mighty Army out of Spain whereof a considerable part were Lusitanians Crassus destroys near 40000 Spaniards The Gauls oppressed by Julius Caesar had called them to their Assistance Publius Crassus Caesar's Legate overthrew them killing and taking Prisoners almost 40000. Whilst this was done in France Quintus Cecilius Dentatus the Praetor in Lusitania raised a dangerous War by endeavouring to carry a great Quantity of Corn out of the Country which moved the People to take up Arms but having forced him to retire and fortifie himself in the Mountain of Venus now called Pomares near Evora they came to a Composition he promising not to carry away the Corn. 52. Quintus Cecilius Metellus was Successor to Dentatus and governed both Provinces of Spain The Vectones of Estremadura and the Vaccei of Old Castile revolting he overthrew them but with so little Loss on their side that being recruited they came upon him then besieging Clunia now Corunna and drove him from the Siege 51. He in like manner making up his Forces returned and gave them a second Rout. Tubero succeeded Metellus 30. as Proconsul He continued the War against the Vectones and Vaccei and was by them in Battel overthrown The Tumults raised by the Vaccei and Vectones moved the Senate to send Pompey to pacifie the Province But whilst he prepared to set forwards with the Grandeur becoming him three Legates came one of them was Petreius whose Province was Lusitania and the Care of quelling the Vaccei and Vectones With him joined the People of Beyra and together they forced their Enemies to sue for Peace After which Petreius went to the Assistance of those of the Province of Beyra 47. against a great Number of the People that came from between the Rivers Duero and Minho who were going over to settle among them and though with considerable Loss he secured the Pass and drove them back 3. Julius Caesar having drove Pompey out of Râ—me was now coming again into Spain The Legates having Notice thereof prepared to oppose him and Petreius joining Afranius they together made up near 60000 Men as well Romans as Spaniards Caesar sent his Legate Caius Fabius to gain the Passes of the Pyrenean Mountains which he performed so successfully that Pompey's Party lying about Leâ—ida saw Cesar's Colours before they had heard of the approach of his Army Caesar returns and expels Pompey's Party Soon after came Caesar himself who reduced the two Legates to that Necessity that they surrender'd themselves into his Power he using no other Severity towards them than to order them to lay down their Arms and depart Spain And they accordingly went away to Pompey then raising Forces in the East This done 44. Caesar returned to Rome leaving the Government of Portugal and Andaluzia with the Title of Pro-Praetor to Quintus Cassius Longinus a Man naturally cruel and an Enemy to the Spaniards He accordingly exercised his Hatred and Avarice and at last laid Seige to the City Mirobriga which offered to buy its Liberty but he set it at so high a Rate that they having 11 Days granted them to resolve in chose rather privately to fly away to the Mountains The Pro-Praetor finding the City empty followed the Inhabitants where he took from them all they had before saved The Herminii thus plunder'd their Number increasing resolved to possess themselves of the Plains along the River Tagus turning out the ancient Proprietors A great Number of them were cut off by the Citizens of Lisbon as they endeavoured to pass that River Then the Mountaineers desisting from their first Purpose encamped about Lisbon but being there surprized in the Night by their Enemies almost all of them perished 4. Cneus and Sextus 43. the Sons of Pompey the Great came into Spain Cneus and Sextus the two Sons of Pompey in Spain invited by the general Consent of the People The Eldest was declared General at Cartagena and set out thence with a good Army Garrisoning all the strong Towns Sextus Pompeius was left at Cordova Julius Caesar's two Legates Pedius and Fabius Maximus observed the Motions of the two Pompeys and gave Caesar an Account of all that passed and he travelled with all possible Speed into Spain In the mean time Philo a Lusitanian raised Men and joined himself to Cneus The Celerity of Caesar was incredible yet came he not so soon but that his Legates were before defeated by Cneus Pompeius with a mighty Slaughter The Legates fled to their Camp where Pompey assaulted them three times and was as often repulsed At last he understood they stole away by Night but in such good Order that he durst not pursue them especially hearing that Caesar was come to Saguntum and that Andaluzia began to mutiny Understanding that Caesar marched towards Cordova he directed his Course thither and to march the lighter he left all his Sick at Capara By the Way he laid Siege to Vlia now Montemayor but it being relieved by Caesar he removed towards Cordova 15 Miles distant where he found his Enemy expecting that the Towns-People would have delivered the Place to him but the Vigilancy of Sextus and the Arrival of Cneus prevented the Design Caesar thus disappointed removed and laid Siege to a strong Place which Pompey had made his Magazin It was then called Ategua and now Teba the Old Pompey marched to relieve it but finding the Besiegers too strong returned with Speed to Cordova yet being sent for by the Besieged he returned again to Ategua and sent in some Succour and Munacius Flaccus to govern in the City He seeing no Hopes to hold out surrender'd himself and the City to Caesar upon Discretion This so enraged Pompey that upon light Surmizes he put to Death almost 80 Men of Note and by this Means made himself odious to all that followed him whereof many deserted 5. In this manner their Affairs went on Caesar overthrows Pompey at Munda till Caesar and Pompey met at Munda now a little Town called Monda five Leagues distant from Malaga This City was Garrison'd by Pompey and in it consisted all his Hopes wherefore he lay to secure it with 60000 Men. Hither Caesar came to engage Pompey and the Battel began most furiously Pompey behaved himself so gallantly that Caesar was once in doubt whether he should not kill himself as despairing of the Victory But considering better he lighted off his Horse and snatching a Buckler from a Soldier ran desperately into the thickest of his Enemies saying to his own Men This Day will
I end my Life and you the War Thus lay your Arms across since you have lost all Sense of Shame and leave me in the hands of two Boys after you had been victorious over all the Power of Spain In this manner he broke into the Body of his Enemies where he had perished but that his Horse coming in rescued him wounding Pompey on the Shoulder Yet had not Caesar gained any Advantage till Rogud an African King who followed him with his Troops assaulted Pompey's Camp Titus Labienus a brave Captain drawing out of the Battel to oppose Rogud the whole Army of Pompey thought he had fled and they immediately took to their Heels some fled to Munda others to the Camp 30000 were slain whereof 7000 were Lusitanians Pompey wounded and overthrown fled with 150 Lusitanians of his Guard that were left Being come to Algezira Publius Calvicius sent him in an Horse-Litter to Cortega the Inhabitants of which Place would have delivered him to his Enemies but he escaped in a Galley Didius Caesar's Admiral pursued him so close that he was forced to fly to Land where he was hard chased by Cesonius Lento till not being able to go farther he hid himself in a Cave where he was betrayed by a Servant of his own Cesonius carried his Head to Caesar then at Sevil who caused it to be honourably buried 6. Many Lusitanians who had escaped the Hands of Cesonius in the Pursuit of Pompey not knowing what had happen'd as soon as they perceived the Romans were gone returned to the Cave to look for him and finding only the Trunk of the Body resolved to revenge his Death Didius the Admiral having left Cesonius was then Careening his Vessels on the Shoar without suspecting any Danger but one Night the Lusitanians came down upon him in three several Bodies and firing his Ships put the Men to the Sword and the Head of Didius they sent to Philo their General As soon as Sextus Pompeius at Cordova understood the Death of his Brother he marched out of the City with all his Forces and joining with the Lusitanians that were dispersed thereabouts he met Cesonius who beheaded Cneus and put him to flight In the mean while Caesar went to take Possession of Cordova and returning to Sevil he found Philo with the Lusitanians in it who was forced to fly after massacring many of the Citizens He fled into Lusitania to raise Forces where in the City Lenius he found Cecilius Niger with a good Body Both together got into Sevil surprizing the Roman Army but paid for it with the Loss of all their Men. This done Caesar peirced into to Portugal Caesar conquers the Lusitanians and settling Peace at Beja calls that City Pax Julia. and with his Clemency towards the conquered People won their Hearts At Beja he granted Peace to the Lusitanians whence that City was afterwards called Pax Julia. Thence he went to Evora which of his Bounty towards it took the Name of Liberalitas Julia. In like manner he left his Name to other Places Mertola was called Julia Mirtilis Santarem before Scalabis Julium Praesidium and Lisbon Faelicitas Julia. 7. Asinius Pollio 42. a valiant and wise Man was left Governor of the Provinces of Andaluzia and Lusitania in Caesar's Absence He soon quelled some Troops that ravaged the Country about the Mountains of Algarve About the same time Sextus Pompeius came out from among the Lacetani where he had been hid after his Defeat and was by Niconius Saxo conducted to Hannibal's Port now Vill-nova de Portemao in Algarve where he continued in a miserable Condition till a Ship of Pyrates came into that Place Sextus Pompeius appears again anâ— makes great Commotions They at the Instance of Saxo received him for their Captain and understanding who he was set out joyfully and took some Prizes plundering the Coast he gathered Strength till coming to Cartagena a whole Roman Legion joined him besides many Companies of Spaniards Caesar hearing hereof sent Cartina to crush Pompey but he was himself overthrown Pompey hearing of the Death of Caesar gathered all the Power he could and defeated the Praetor Asinius Pollio But being now almost Master of all Spain he was called away to Rome by the Senate After some Success at Sea he was routed by the Triumviri and flying into Asia had his Head cut off by Ticius one of Mark Antony's Commanders 36. Whilst these Things were doing in the East all Spain Great Floods Storms and Sicknâ—ss in Spain but particularly Lusitania suffered much by Floods Storms Sickness and several other Calamities Many that lived near the Coast thinking to fly from these Miseries ran headlong into greater for breaking in upon the Vaâ—â—ei of Old Castile they were repulsed with great Slaughter by Cneus Domicius Legate to Lepidus Near this same time one Bâ—llas who had been Quaestor to 〈…〉 fearing to be called to Account for his Extortion Pogud the African 〈…〉 fled into Africk and perswaded King Bogud to invade Spain He took the advice and having plunder'd the Coast of Andaluzia retired with a great Booty upon the News that the Romans and Spaniards had assembled a great Power against him 33. Three Years after he returned but was repulsed with Loss and retired to Tarifa where having recruited himself he set Sail for Hannibal's Port in Lusitania which being abandoned he plunder'd with the Country about it Not content with this he turned to Cape St. Vincent and coming to Setuval without the least Opposition ransacked it putting all he found in the Place to the Sword and then setting fire to it Some that fled to the Mountains gathering more Strength came down to revenge their Losses on the Mauritanians but he was then sailing up the River of Alcazar where he robbed and rased a Temple of the Goddess Salacia Scarce was he returned to his Ships when a violent Storm arising destroyed the greatest part of his Fleet those few Wretches that escaped the Fury of the Sea by swimming being cut in pieces upon the Shoar 8. The Inhabitants of the City and Territories of Tuy 28. in Galicia The Galicians over-run the most part of Lusitania passing the River Minho on a sudden thought to have made themselves Masters of the Lands then possessed by the Bracarenses and other People between Duero and Minho These though surprized with the unexpected Invasion gathered in a great Body and went out to meet the uninvited Guests Between them passed many Skirmishes but at last coming to a Battel the Interamnenses were overthrown with great Slaughter The Victors pursuing their Fortune without Resistance passed on to the Banks of the River Duero The Inhabitants of the City of Porto terrified at the Fame of their Success sent Ambassadors to sue for Peace and Friendship putting them in Mind they were all originally Greeks This took so well with the conquering Galicians that they allowed of the Kindred and so exempted the City of Porto
untouched Montemayor the Old Viseo Lamego Porto and Braga were rased down to the Ground The Barbarian entring Galicia Almanzor again makes great spoil made a Font in the Church of St. James the Apostle serve for a Manger and sent away the Gates and the Bells of the Church upon the shoulders of Christians to Cordova but presuming to prophane the Sepulcher of the Apostle he was drove back by flames which issued out of it Almanzor returning through Protugal heavy with Plunder was overtaken with vengeance from Heaven for profaning the Church of the Apostle A mortal Flux destroying great part of his Army the rest marched leasurely in several Bodies King Bermudo sent some light Troops who made such havock among them that not the 20th part of that great Army returned to Cordova all the Country the way they went being covered with dead Carcasses Count Fruela Vermuiz who as has been said overcame Count Gonzalo that Poisoned King Sancho fell upon Almanzor himself who led the choice of the Army and put him to flight with great Slaughter of his People King Bermudo at length awaking out of his dead Sleep joyned his Forces with the King of Navarre and Count Garci Fernandez They expected the coming of the Enemy near Aleantaroz 999. four Leagues from Osma here they fought from Morning till Night and then at length victory inclined to the Christians who slew of their Enemies 70000 Foot and 40000 Horse Almanzor flying towards Toledo died of Grief near Berlanga soon after his Son Abdel Melich to revenge him invaded the Christian Territories but being met by Count Garci Fernandez was defeated and fled back to Cordova King Bermudo had two Wives the first called Velasquita by whom he had no issue the second Elvira her Children were Alonso Successor to his Father Teresa married to Abdala King of Toledo and afterwards a Nun and Sancha a Nun also The King gave great Scandal by keeping two Sisters at the same time publickly as his Mistreses one of them was Mother to Elvira the other to Ordonno By Velasquita a Peasant the King had a Daughter called Christina he died in the Year 999. at Villabuena in Galicia very penitent for his sins There he lay Buried till his Son King Alonso translated him to Leon where he lies with his Wife in the Church of St. Isidorus 3. Let us look a little back to see the coming of the first Strangers The Gascons come into Portugal and assist the Christians that assisted the Natives of Portugal in expelling the Moores These were the Gascons who came in a mighty Fleet and were Commanded by D. Moninno Viegas There is a great dispute among Authors whether this D. Moninno was a Gascon or a Portuguese and whether he came with those People or only headed them after their coming he being by some supposed to be then a great Man in Portugal All that is said on either part being rather Suppositions than Proofs we will pass by this Dispute leaving it free to every one to believe as he shall be inclined This Fleet cast Anchor in the River Duero on the one side whereof was the Castle of Gaya Demolished by King Ramiro II. when he killed Alboazar and on the other the City Porto destroyed long before by the Moores Here they landed and their first care was to repair the City then only a heap of Rubbish in the highest part of it they built a Castle supposed to be the same that is now the Bishop's Pallace The compass of the Walls was but small and they weak for our times but then considerable some part of them is still to be seen in the midst of the City which being increased has hemmed them in Two of these Ancient Gates are still standing the one called St. Ann's Gate the other our Blessed Ladies over which is an Image of the Blessed Virgin with our Saviour in her Arms which Image between two Towers is the Arms of that City Having Repaired and Fortified this place the Natives and Strangers began joyntly to conquer the Neighbouring Country Men remarkable among them were Sisenandns Brother to D. Moninno and D. Nonego of Vendosme The first that felt their fury were the Moors who possessed the Territories of Resende and Bienviver and all up the River Duero this done thinking their Conquest secure they chose Sisenandus Bishop of the City and yet he ceased not to appear in Arms till he died at Bienviver and was Buried in the Monastery of Villaboa D. Nonego of Vendosme also a Bishop carried on his Conquests on the other side and four Leagues from Porto in the Mountain built a Castle which he called Vendosme and so streightned the Moores that they were forced to abandon all that Neighbourhood The Castle is ruined by time but the name of Vendosme still continues in the Mountain In this exercise he continued till his Death and was Buried in the Monastery of Aviaos The conquered Lands were equally divided as well among the Auxiliary strangers as among the native Portuguese 4. King Alonso V. succeeded his Father Bermudo 999. he is the first of the Alonsos that appears without some Sirname King Alonso V. for the First was called the Catholick the Second the Chast the Third the Great the Fourth the Monk Not that this deserved less Titles for he might have been called the Brave for his Valour the Legislator for giving good Laws to his People the Restorer for repairing Leon and in fine the Desired as being one who left the greatest desire of himself and was most lamented by his People He was Six Years of Age when he began his Reign Under Tuition under the Tuition of Count Mendo Gonzalez and his Wife the Lady Mayor who had great possessions in Galicia and some in Portugal and Governed so well that the King's minority was no prejudice to his Kingdom The Christians in Portugal began to be so powerful that under the conduct of some notable Commanders they repaired many places before ruined and conquered others possessed by the Moores 1000. D. Alboazar Ramirez Son to King Ramiro II. by Zara or Artida Many places recovered from the Moors whom he stole from the Lord of Gaya as was said before wiâ—h many Gentlemen and Forces maintained at his own Charge entred Portugal and drove the Moores out of all the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He took St. Roman Gastro de Avioso and Castro de Gondomar Beyond the River Duero he forced them to retire as far as St. Martin de Moras and Lamego making room for the Christians to dilate themselves The lands of Arouca and that Neighbourhood were again Peopled the Year following he overthrew the Moores in many places 1001 took the City Braganza and other considerable Towns in those Mountains and so extended the Christian Dominions that he deserves to be accounted one of the principal Restorers of Portugal His two Sons D. Trastamiro and D. Hermigio or
Navarre kills King Bermudo and becomes sole Monarch of Castile Leon Portugal Galicia and Navarre and his Son Ferdinand succeeding him King Bermudo was in hopes to recover what Ferdinand's Father had taken from him They came to a Battel in the Valley of Tamara near Fromista where after a bloody Fight King Bermudo was killed and his Army overthrown Ferdinand now victorious immediately laid Siege to Leon and having made himself Master thereof he was there Crowned King of Leon Galicia and Portugal in the Right of his Wife Sancha the lawful Heiress of those Kingdoms Thus for want of Issue Male to the Kings of Leon and Earls of Castile those two Dominions fell to the House of Navarre 1037. by the Female Line 9. What I am about to relate happen'd in the Reign of King Bermudo but in what Year is not certain Two Grandsons of Prince Alboazar Ramirez Son to King Ramiro III called Tedon and Rosendo with a Body of resolute Men broke into that part of the Country that lies betwixt the Rivers Tavora and Duero Having drove the Moors thence A Stratagem of the Christians against the Moors they began to Till the Land and knowing well that the Infidels would not suffer them quietly to rest there they fortified themselves on a Rock over the River Tavora which running round great part of it makes it a sort of Peninsula which with the Steepness of the Rock it self renders it inaccessible any Way but one Here they built their Habitation and hence infested the Country of the Moors At length on Midsummer-Day which is much reverenced even by those Infidels in Honour of St. John the Baptist the Moors of the Town of Paredes resorted in great Numbers to sport and divert themselves on the Banks of the River and to bathe themselves in it D. Rosendo cloathing his Men in Moorish Apparel passed the River out of sight and lay close in Ambush till he saw all the Banks covered with the Barbarians Then by degrees coming out as if he had been some of their own Company he suffered his Men to mix with the Enemy who took them for Friends Being all mixed the Christians fell upon them and turned their Pleasure into Sorrow However many stood and made a good Defence and others coming to their Aid the Success was doubtful till D. Tedon fording the River with his Men ended the Dispute with the Slaughter of most of the Moors This and other Victories put the two Brothers in Possession of many Lands in that Country And in Memory of the Action they took to themselves the Name of the River which still continues in the Family of the Tavora's 10. The Fame of the Exploits of D. Tedon particularly that upon the River together with that of the Comliness of his Person reaching the Ears of Ardinga the beautiful Daughter of Aliboazen King of Lamego she fell in Love with him by Hear-say The Effects of Love Love perswaded her to quit her Father's Palace and disguised in the Habit of a Man through bye Ways she found out the Abbot Gelasius a solitary Hermit She told him who she was and the Cause of her Coming and he baptized her promising to perswade D. Tedon to take her to Wife This took not effect for her Father closely pursuing her overtook and put her to death Tedon hearing of her Love had promised to marry her and she being dead would take no other Wife but was afterwards killed by the Moors near a small Brook which of him was called Tedo So he took his Surname from one River and gave his Name to another There being nothing else remarkable recorded in Portugal during the Reign of King Bermudo and he being the last King thereof of that Name I must not omit to remark that Bermudo is the same Name with Veremundus which the Spaniards call Veremundo so that to make it Bermudo there is corruptly an e and an n omitted and to use B for V is common in Spanish Thus Bermudo and Veremundus appear to be the same Name CHAP. X. The remaining Kings from the Year 1037 till the Year 1108 and till the Establishment of Count Henry of Burgundy in the Sovereignty of Portugal where begins the Line of the Portuguese Kings and ends the Second Book 1. FErdinand Prince of Navarre inherited the Crown of Leon King Ferdinand called The Great in the Right of his Wife the Lady Sancha Daughter to King Alonso V and Sister to King Bermudo III who died without Issue The Earldom of Castile fell to him by his Mother the Lady Nunna and the Crown of Navarre he inherited from his Father Three Crowns were united in him and he was well worthy thereof purchasing by his Piety Valour and Bounty the Title of The Great The Moors believing King Ferdinand was wholly employed in reconciling his new Subjects in Castile Leon Galicia and Portugal broke into Lustainia but hearing he was provided to receive them they retired hastily He once provoked would not put up his Sword without doing Execution His Conquests over the Infidels He took the Town of Sea and the Cities Merida Badajoz Beja and Evora without any Resistance Viseo guilty of the Death of King Alonso and fearing a Revenge was strongly fortified and governed by Cid Alafun a notable Commander The King sate down before it resolving not to stir thence till he were Master of it Eighteen Days the City was battered and bravely defended at the End whereof being the Eve of the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul it was enter'd by Force and never after returned under the Yoak of the Infidels The Man that shot King Alonso being taken in the City had his Eyes put out and both his Hands and one Foot cut off which done he was shot to Death The Governor Alafun had in Consideration of his Valour Lands given him to live upon paying a certain Tribute His Name is still preserved in those Parts in the Mountain called Alafun the Council of Alafâ—â—â— and other Places 2. The City Lamego held out no less obstinately during Twenty Five Days at the end whereof it was surrendred upon Articles the 22th Day of July It was not then used to expel the Moors but to bring them to pay a moderate tribute After these Conquests the King crossed the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho into Galicia to visit the Sepulcher of the Apostle St. James 1039. and make his Offerings there The following Year he conquered many places in the Province of Tras os Montes and pierced down even to the River Tagus King Ferdinand made glorious Conquests the ensuing Years but they being out of Portugal do not appertain to us Coimbra taken by the Advice and Assistance of the Monks of Lorvan Two Monks of the Monastery of Lorvan advertised the King that the City Coimbra was ill provided and worse fortified and therefore it would be easie to gain it King Ferdinand marched in December 1063
this exploit among them was one Henry of Bonneville near 〈◊〉 at whose Tomb in the Church of St. Vincent many Miracles are reported to have been wrought many others were buried where now is the Church called that of the Martyrs from those that were buried there The King according 〈◊〉 what had been before agreed offered to the Strangers half the City but they satisfied with the Booty and some other rewards departed to prosecute their holy designs â—or to their own Countries Such as would stay had Lands assigned them many other strong places were taken soon after in this current of the King 's good Fortune 1148. the chief of them were Mafra Almada Palmela Cintra Obidos Trancoso Alenquer Serpa Beja Elvas Coruche and Cezimbra Thus the Pride of the Mahometans began to be humbled and this Christian Kingdom to lift up its head CHAP. III. Continues the mighty Actions of the victorious King Alfonso the Kingdom confirmed to him by the Pope his Death issue and description all from the Year 1148. till 1185. 1. SInce we cannot give the particulars of all the Heroical Actions of this King Alonso overthrows the Moors with a handfull of Men. let us at least in two of them represent somewhat of the grandeur of the rest He sat down before Aleazar do Sal with a small handful of Men 500 Moorish Horse and 10000 Foot came to raise the Siege whom he went out to meet with only 60 Horse and a proportionable number of Foot With this small Body he put his Enemies to flight but was himself wounded in the Leg most misfortunes always lighting upon his Legs ever since his Mother laid that Curse on him as was said before After this Victory returning to the Siege he took it at the end of two Monâ—hs this done he went with 60 Lances and a few Cross-bow-men to take a view of the Fortress on the Rock of Palmela Being before the place he discovered the King of Badajoz coming down a Hill with 400 Horse and 60000 Foot Another like exploit but without any order Our King lay a while betwixt certain Rocks out of sight considering their disorderly march whilst his Company meditated on their Numbers At length breaking out suddenly with that handful he soon covered the Hill with dead Bodies and the Infidels believing a greater Army had followed fled in confusion leaving all their Baggage to a few above 60 Conquerors Palmela upon the News of this defeat immediatly surrendred upon only promise of Life 1160. The City Tuy left him by his Father and now revolted he reduced to his Obedience and at the same time concluded a match for his Daughter Mafalda then 12 Years of Age with Raymund Prince of Catalonia 2. Some time before he had subdued the City Beja after a tedious Siege but the Moors who are faithful no longer than compelled by necessity finding now a fit opportunity 1162. rebelled Certain valiant Commanders imitating the example of their King assaulted this place by Night with such resolution and so unexpectedly that they carried it making great slaughter among the Inhabitants A Gentleman of Quality called Giraldus living like an outlaw on account of certain crimes he had committed A number of Christian Out-laws 〈◊〉 Evora entred into hopes of regaining the King's Favour by some extraordinary action Considering therefore that the City Evora was not guarded by the Infidels with that circumspection that was requisite at such a time he resolved to surprize it There was a Watch-tower where the Centinel was kept by a Moor and his Daughter by turns Giraldus knowing this Scales the Tower alone and killing both Father and Daughter who were asleep returns with their heads to his Men being 500 Horse and a good number of Foot They encouraged by this success scaled the Walls then unguarded and breaking open one of the Gates let in their Companions Thus with a mighty slaughter made of the Inhabitants the City was gained The King not only Pardoned but Rewarded all those Out-laws and made their Captain Governour of the City 3 King Alonso thus become terrible to the Moors fell at variance with his Son-in-law Ferdinand the Second King of Leon 1168. and thereupon entred Galiciâ— in the 75th year of his Age. War with Leon. Here he took the Towns of Lima and Turon and putting Portuguese Garrisons into them turned his Forces against Badajoz then a tributary City to the King of Leon. This City he assaulted and entred but not the Castle Mean while King Ferdinand came to defend that place which fell within the limits of his Conquest The Portuguese Army encountring him in the Field King Alonso put to flight breaks his Leg fulfilling his Mothers curse when he put Fetters upon her was overthrown and King Alonso forced to fly into the City whence thinking to make his escape he struck his Leg against a bolt of the Gate so violently that he broke it and here his Mothers Curse reached him fully Nor was that all for in that condition he was taken by the King of Leon who treated him with extraordinary courtesy and was content that he should restore to him only such places as he had wrongfully taken in Galicia and Leon tho' he offered others in Portugal Our Author will not allow that King Alonso promised any acknowledgment to the Crown of Leon for his Dominions but all Spanish Authors are positive he did Certain it is that from henceforward he remained lame so that he never after could ride a Horseback but was carried in a Chariot 4. The King had some time since taken the City Beja but it was soon after lost Gonzalo Mendez de Maya called the Combatant 1170. about this time made a Road into the territory of Beja where was a great body of Moors under the Command of Almoâ—â—â—mar a Soldier of Reputation These two Bodies encountred and Maya remained Master of the Field scarce had he vanquished this Enemy when he was met by Alboazem King of Tangier who was coming to the assistance of the vanquished The fight was renewed on the same spot of Ground and a second Victory added to the former Maya was 95 Years of Age when he obtained these two Victories but died immediately of the Wounds he had received which made his Army return home in mornful manner Albaraque King of Sevil made bold by the King's lameness 〈…〉 Santarem by the Moors 〈…〉 drawing a vast multitude out of Andaluzia presumed not only to wast the Country beyond Tagus but to set down before Santarem where the King then in the 88th Year of his Age reposed himself he caused himself to be carried out in his Chariot to give the Besiegers Battle The fight was so obstinate he was forced to quit his Chariot and appear at the head of his Men with his Sword in Hand Hereat his Soldiers took so much Courage that they soon put their Enemies to the rout with a great slaughter
enacted by him He was the first that instituted general Laws in the first Year of his Reign holding a Parliament for that purpose at Coimbra In these Laws great regard was had to the Church-Men the prices of all things necessary for the support of life were settled so that the meanest might buy as cheap as the greatest the Extortions of publick Ministers were retrenched Plaintiffs if cast were ordered to pay a Fine Sentence of Death passed by him was appointed not to be Executed till 20 days after to prevent the Effects of Passion This King used extraordinary severity towards the Church-men 1221. for which being reproved by Stephen Suarez de Silva Archbishop of Braga instead of amending he set Officers to destroy all the Possessions of that See He persisted so obstinately in this fury that Honorius the third wrote a Letter to him full of most severe Expressions calling him Tyrant In fine the King died before he was reconciled to the Clergy His Death or his own Sisters the Kingdom at that time lying under an interdict He lived 48 Years and Reigned 21 His Body lies Buried with the Queen his Wife in the Royal Monastery of Alcobaca in a plain Tomb without any Epitaph or Inscription as were all the first Kings of this Nation Of Body he was extraordinary gross and therefore called the Fat yet his Gigantick Stature carried it off his Countenance was Comly his Forehead High 1223. his Eyes Chearful and his Hair Yellow which he always wore long 5. King Alonso Married Vrraca His Wife and Issue the Daughter of Alonso VIII of Castile called the Noble and Good a most vertuous and beautiful Princess His Issue by her was Sancho who succeeded in the Throne Alonso Earl of Bolen in right of his Wife Maud whence he was called to Govern the Kingdom by reason of the insufficiency of his Brother whom he succeeded Ferdinand called de Serpa married to Sancha Fernandez Daughter to Ferdinand Earl of Lara Lastly Elenor who was Queen of Dacia The King had one Bastard Son called John Alonso of whom there is no other memory but that he lies Buried in the Church of Alcobaca Tho' it be said before at the end of the last King's Reign that then the orders of St. Dominick St. Francis the Blessed Trinity and the Carmelites came into Portugal our Author repeats it again in the Reign of this King which is the most likely CHAP. VI. The Life and Reign of King Sancho II. he is deposed by his Brother flies to Toledo and there ends his days all betwixt the Years 1207 and 1246. 1. SAncho II. of the Name 1203. and Fourth King of Portugal Sancho II. ascends the Throne Eldest Son to King Alonso was Born on the Eighth of September at Coimbra He was called Capelo because being sickly in his Child-hood his Mother confiding to obtain his Health through the intercession of the Holy Father St. Augustin caused him to wear that Habit. His Weakness rather than want of Years must be the cause that he appeared not in any Military Action with his Father for we have no account of him till he ascended the Throne which was about the 20th 1223. or 21st Year of his Age. His first Action was a Reconciliation with the Clergy who had suffered much under his Father but he soon followed his Example After this agreement with the Church the Ecclesiastical Censures were taken off and those who died during the interdict were now Buried in hallowed Ground The controversies also between the late King and his Sisters ceased they now swearing fealty to the King for the places they possessed His next care was to visit his Kingdom which he did taking a Progress through it leasurely doing justice to all Men and giving prudent Orders in all places Then laying aside for a while the Civil Affairs he applied him to the Military making several incursions upon the Moors whence he returned with Honour Our King and Ferdinand of Castile met at Sabugal to adjust certain Differences which they amicably put an end to King Ferdinand delivering up the Town of Chaves which had been engaged to him 2. Still the Arabs ranged about the territory of Elvas He entirely defeats the Moors at Elvas wasting the Country and destroying the Villages King Sancho assembling his Forces soon drove them thence but no sooner was his back turned then they came again laid Siege to Elvas and carried it by Assault Our King returning with speed utterly discomfitted those Barbarians so that they never again attempted any thing there Nor did he desist till he had Juremenha 1226. Serpa and other Castles which had often been gained and again fallen into the Enemies hands For four Years there was nothing of Action but in the Year 1230 1230. he made War on the Moors in the Province of Alentejo The following year he advanced into Algarve to recover what his Grand-father had conquered there and was now again fallen into the hands of the Infidels 1232. Some places he re-took consecrated the Churches and placed therein Evangelical Pastors 1235. After this by his Commanders the chief whereof was Payo Perez Correa he took Aljustrel which he gave to the Military Order of Santiago 1239. then the Towns of Mergola and Alfajar de Penna which also he bestowed on the same Order Of late Years the insolencies of Favourites were grown insupportable they abusing the King and their Kindred and friends them Common complaints when subjects will rebell The Subjects were treated worse than conquered Moors their Persons Imprisoned their Estates Wasted their Children Murdered unless redeemed for Money and their Wives and Daughters openly Ravished Nor was the Sanctuary of the Church any refuge for even in those Holy Places all Villanies were committed The King knew nothing but what his Favourites told him and it was their study to keep him in ignorance and hence proceeded the ruin of this unhappy Prince 3. In the Year 1240. Cacela and Ayamonte were taken by Assault 1240. in which Actions D. Payo Perez Correa particularly signalized himself Complaints made to the Pope and all things adjusted wherefore the King gave those places to the Military Order of Santiago whereof he was Commendary During this current of Affairs the King was highly commended and received Spiritual Favours from Pope Gregory IX The Spiritual Graces were for such as died in the War and for the King himself who lay under Ecclesiastical Censures for having proceeded unjustly against Peter Bishop of Porto who carried his complaints to Rome Besides he seized the Ecclesiastical revenues on pretence of urgent necessities and of punishing Clergy Men who kept Women in their Houses Silvester Archbishop of Braga had hereupon made application to the Pope who therefore wrote to the King and recommended the charge of reducing him to certain Bishops But he prevented them by submitting himself and so all differences were adjusted The King
the Host in the end of her Head-cloaths and going home the Blood trickled down and she not observing it was told of it by those that met her Being come home she locked the Bloody Hood with the Host in a Closet In the dead of the Night her Husband awaking saw a great light upon the Chest and calling upon his Wife asked whether she saw it not She then declared the truth to him and he rising ran to the Parish Church and to the Dominicans The Friers still preserve the White Hood or Vaile bloody in a Glass Case the Parish keeps the Host and Blood gathered on a Ball of Wax Some Years after the Prior of that Church which is Dedicated to St. Stephen going to show that Relick to the People found it shut up in a Cristalline Pyramidal Case with a hole so small that neither the Host nor Ball could be put in unless it were miraculously The Ball is still to be seen round with drops of Blood on it the Host is bent and Bloody Many Persons of Credit have affirmed That they have there seen our Saviour in several Postures of his Passion Another Miracle is Recorded of a Christian who was slave to a Moor and daily recommended himself to St. Dominick of Sovereira His Master every Night loaded him with Irons and laid him in a Chest upon which he made his own Bed One Night this Chest with the slave in it and the Master upon it was brought to the Door of the Chappel of that Saint in the Town of Penamacor This Miracle so wrought upon the Moor that he imbraced the Faith and the Slave and he lived there as Hermits all the residue of their lives The Chest and Chains are still kept in that little Church 8. No sooner was the King seated on the Throne Alonso resumes his former gifts and opposes the Clergy but he made it appear that what he had before bountifully bestowed was only to secure himself and not to reward those that promoted him He took from the Military Orders what he had before given them neither did he make account of what he swore at Paris in order to be Regent for his Brother 1268. for he so treated the Clergy that several of them had recourse to Rome for Redress of which were the Bishops of Braga Coimbra Guarda Porto and Viseo Pope Clement the Fourth and after him Gregory the Tenth 1272. reproved his oppressing the Clergy and forbidding the Jews and Moors under severe Penalties not to turn Christians The King at first shunned the Pope's Commissioners but when he could no longer do so appointed to hear them before the Cortes or Parliament summoned to meet at Santarem where he shewed some disposition to obey them though at the same time he designed nothing less The Pope offended at his proceedings 1274. issued out Bulls containing the highest Censures and in case the King was not reclaimed within three Months absolving his Subjects from their Allegiance The King continued obstinate and the Nuncio went away leaving him Excommunicated 1175. and the Kingdom under an interdict The Pope died and the King no way relented 1276. Pope John the 20th or 21st Born at Lisbon was promoted to St. Peter's Chair He sent a Spaniard his Nuncio to perswade the King by fair means to comply The Nuncio accompanied by Dominican and Franciscan Fryars of which latter order he was attended the King and found him as obdurate as ever 1277. Sickness made the King begin to relent and Death surmounted all difficulties At his Death the King ordered his Son to perform all he had refused to do 9. During this King's Reign certain devout Women went from Evora to Rome to obtain of the Pope the confirmation of a Monastery of Bernardin Nuns in that City A battle betwixt private Men and their forces There wanted not Civil Broils among the Subjects for Peter Estevas de Tavares and Ferdinand Alonso de Cambra fought a Battle in the Plain of Gouvea in which much Blood was shed and many Persons of note killed the latter obtained the Victory The Holy Laurence Mendez a Dominican of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho walking in a Field an Angel appeared to him and gave him a small Box which he said contained many Relicks brought from a City then fallen into the hands of Infidels Which Relicks are still preserved in the Monastery of Guimaraens where the said Laurence placed them 10. King Alonso was of such extraordinary Stature King Alonso described that all Men admired when King Sebastian caused his Tomb to be opened His Countenance was Majestick his Eyes little but Sparkling his Hair black his Complexion fair He died at Lisbon on the 20th of March 1279. 1279. being 64 Years of Age His Death and having Reigned and Governed 34. Ten Years after his Death King Denis his Son translated him to the Monastery of Alcobaza near to his Father and opposite to his second Wife Queen Beatrix whose Tomb being afterwards opened she appeared as Beautiful as if she had been a live His Issue His Issue by the first Wife most Authors agree he had two Sons as they do in calling the second Robert who they say succeeded his Mother in the Country of Bologne About the Elder they vary some calling him Ferdinand others Peter and lastly others say he is the same with Alonso Denis counted among the illegitimate By his second Wife he had Denis who succeeded in the Throne Secondly D. Alonso Lord of Portalegre who lies buried in the Monastery of St. Dominick at Lisbon Thirdly Sancha Fourthly Mary Fifthly Vincent who died young Sixthly Ferdinand who died also in his Infancy all these Buried at Alcobaza Seventhly Blanch Abbess of Lorvan first and then of Huelgas at Burgos Eighthly Constance Buried at Alcobaza Illegimate he had Ferdinand a Knight Templar Giles Alonso Alonso Denis Martin Alonso gotten on the Governour of Faro's Daughter as was said before Ellenor Alonso Vrraca Alonso Elenor for whom her Father built the Monastery of St. Clare at Santarem where she was famous for Sanctity and Roderick Alonso who died Young 11. The Arms of the Kingdom of Algarve His Arms. given by this King were Sanguine Semee of Castles Or. Over these he placed the Arms of Portugal so that the Castles of the former made an Orbe to the latter He also made an alteration in the number of Bezants in each Escutcheon of the Portuguese Arms leaving but Eleven in each whereas before there were Thirteen He was the first that stiled himself King of Portugal and Algarve Men famous in his time Men famous for Sanctity in his time were St. Gonzalo St. Laurence Mendez and St. Giles all three Dominicans at least the two latter without dispute Also St. Walter of the Order of S. Francis Pope John the 21st famous for his Learning and Dignity was Born at Lisbon Many Men were famous for Military Exploits the
chief whereof was D. Payo Perez Correa Master of the Military Order of Santiago CHAP. VIII The Life and Reign of Denis the first of that Name and sixth King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1261. till 1325. 1. KIng Denis King Denis his Birth and Succession to the Crown Eldest Son to Alonso III. and Queen Beatrix was born at Lisbon on the 9th of October 1261. and was so called from the Saint whose Day that was From his Infancy he was educated in all those Vertues and Accomplishments that make an Excellent Prince In Truth Justice and Liberality he exceeded most of them that had been before him His Father dying when he was but Eighteen Years of Age though he honoured his Mother in all other Respects he would allow her no share in the Government She resenting this as an Affront went away into Castile pretending her Journey was only to pay a Visit to her Father That King desiring to please her took a Journey to Badajoz and sent to desire King Denis to come as far as Elvas Thither the Princes Peter Sancho Jayne and his Brother Emanuel repaired to him by whom the King of Castile desired they might meet at Badajoz King Denis having entertained them magnificently for the space of three Days sent them back saying He would soon be after them but suddenly returned to Lisbon thinking it a better Expedient not to meet his Grand-father than to deny his Request The Queen thus disappointed went away with her Father to Sevil where she continued being convinced her Son would admit no Partner in the Throne 2. The King being Twenty Years of Age He Marries Elizabeth the Daughter of King Peter of Aragon sent his Embassadors to Peter III. King of Aragon to ask his Daughter Elizabeth then but Eleven Years old in Marriage His Request was easily granted and the Bride conducted to Braganza where she was received by Alonso the King's Brother who conveyed her to Trancoso where the best King of Portugal and one of the best Queens in the World were marryed His next Care was â—o compleat what his Father had begun which was to dear the Kingdom of Robbers and Out-laws and to Protect the meaner sort against the Insolencies of Great Men and particularly the Country People whom he called the Sinews of the Commonwealth For this Reason and because he built many Castles he was called the Husbandman and Father of his Country Having at his Entrance into the Government passed many extravagant Grants when he came to the Age of 22 he recalled them all 1283. He had some Difference with his Brother Alonso who refused to make any Acknowledgment for the Towns left him by his Father Has Differences with his Brother Alonso and had some Pretensions to the Crown pleading that Denis was Born before the Death of the Countess of Bologne and consequently must be Illegitimate whereas he was Born after her Death when the Pope had ratified the Match They both took Arms and Alonso was besieged by his Brother in Portalegre yet at last they agreed The chief Articles were That Alonso should be allowed 30000 Crowns a Year out of the King's Revenue and instead of the Towns he possessed should have Sintra and Ourem for that the others were more dangerous to the King as lying on the Borders of Castile Thus ended those Civil Broils 3. A War broke out with King Sancho the Third of Castile War betwixt Castile and Portugal called the Fierce for that he performed not the Covenants about the Marriages of the Princes for Security whereof he had put into Portuguese Hands the Cities of Badajoz and Truxillo as also the Towns of Moura Serpa Caceres Allariz and Aguiar de Neiva All these Places he again suddenly surprized and made several inroads into Algarve and into Portugal by the way of Leon destroying all the Country before him King Denis being then wholly unprovided for War sent Embassadors to adjust Affairs but to no effect King Denis now moved to Wrath challenged King Sancho and at the same time caused his Forces to do much harm in the Enemy's Country Sancho designed to answer the Challenge but was prevented by Death at which time he ordered all that had been before stipulated should be performed Ferdinand the Fourth his Successor not answering what was expected from him King Denis sent his Embassadors to demand the Restitution of the Towns taken by his Predecessor and in case of Refusal to fix the Challenge upon him Restitution being denied the Challenge was accordingly given and the Embassadors withdrew This done King Denis with a Puissant Army marched from the City Guarda and entred Castile committing all manner of Hostilities Prince Henry who was Governour to the young King Ferdinand put a stop to our King 's further Progress making him advantageous Proposals and referring the Conclusion to Cuidad Rodrigo where the two Kings met with the Queen-Mother of Castile and concluded all Articles the Towns demanded by the Portuguese being put into the Hands of Ferdinand Longominhâ— as a Pledge for performing all other parts But this Compliance on the part of Castile being the Product of Fear and not of any Friendly Intention nothing of what had been promised was performed 4. King Denis draws together his Forces again Denis enters Castile the second time and furiously enters Castile and with him Prince John who stiled himself King of Leon as Son to King Alonso the Tenth and John Nunnez de Lara who was in Rebellion against his Prince Our Army being in the Province of Beira near the Frontiers of Castile there came to the King Margaret Daughter to the Earl of Narbonne Wife to Prince Peter the Son of King Alonso and with her her Son Sancho de Ledesma who offered to serve our King being disgusted with his own Yet tho he was much honoured and received great Bounties from King Denis he soon returned to his own Master and served against him of whom he had received such Favours King Ferdinand understanding that King Denis had invaded his Dominions sent his Fleet from Sevil under the Command of that Sancho we last spoke of to Lisbon where he surprized some Portuguese Vessels Our Admiral having gathered what Force he could pursued and overtook the Fleet of Castile without the Bar. The Fleet of Castile worsted by the Portugueses There was fought a most obstinate Battle till the Castillians were worsted and their Commander D. Sancho brought back Prisoner In the mean while K. Denis without Opposition ranged about the Territories of Cuidad Rodrigo and Ledesma where he took the Castle of Torres putting all the Defendants to the Sword He passed by Simancas where King Ferdinand was and laid Siege to Possaldes where neither Sex nor Age was spared nor was any Reverence paid to the Churches where the Altars were stained with Blood nor did their Sacrilegious Hands abstain from Plundering those Holy Places The Castilians were not
Church of Alverca where it was buried The King was received at Lisbon in Triumphant manner Many Persons were executed on Account of these Troubles and their Heirs to the Fourth Generation declared Infamous The Prince's Enemies fearing the Queen might some time or other Revenge the Death of her Father advised the King to be divorced from her but he received her with all the marks of True Love and Affection They begged of him some Towns that had belonged to the Prince which he freely gave them but the Cities of Porto and Portalegre would not submit to be given away to any Body and were therefore annexed to the Crown 9. The Princess Ellenor during this time was contracted to the Emperor Frederick the Third The Princess Ellenor contracted to the Emperor Frederick the Third and was now delivered in the Month of August to his Embassadors They embarked at Lisbon and landed at Leghorn whence she was conducted to Sienna where the Bridegroom met her attended by Ladislaus King of Hungary his Brother Albertus the Arch-Duke and other Princes Hence they travelled together to Rome where they were crowned with the usual Solemnity 1451. Prince Ferdinand who was marryed to the Lady Beatrix 1452. Daughter to Prince John privately built a Caravel and went away in it to Ceuta to employ himself against the Moors but the King soon sent for him home and to settle his Mind gave him the Towns of Beja 1453. Moura and Serpa The great Monarch of the Turks Mahomet having taken Constantinople Pope Calixtus stirred up the Christian Princes to unite their Forces against the Common Enemy Our King offered to serve in Person one Year with 12000 Men but all these Projects fell to nothing Our Queen had before this time brought forth a Son and a Daughter whereof the former died 1455. and now on the third of May she was delivered at Lisbon of another Son whom she called John as the first had been for the special Devotion she had to that Name He was sworn Prince being but a Month old with great Solemnity The Queen upon this Occasion obtained leave of the King that the Body of her Father Prince Peter might be placed in the Tomb he had built for himself at the Famous Monastery of Batalla At this time also a Match was concluded betwixt the Princess Joanna King Alonso's Daughter and Henry the Fourth King of Castile She was Seventeen Years of Age and very beautiful which was all her Portion and she was conducted to Castile by Count Alvaro Gonzalez de Atayde Elizabeth our Queen died on the Second of December following The Queen's Death not without suspicion of Poison given her by her Father's Enemies fearing she might prevail with the King to Revenge his Death She was carried to the Church of Batalla with the greatest Pomp that had been used at the Funeral of any Queen For Beauty Patience Obedience and Piety she was inferior to none The Monastery of Xabregas of the religious of S. Eloy was founded by her 1456. The King ordered the Body of his Mother Queen Ellenor to be brought from Toledo to be buried at the Church of Batalla As far as Elvas it was conducted by the King and Queen of Castile and there they were met by our King 10. The Bishop of Silves brought the Croisade from Rome 1457. granted to Encourage Christian Princes to joyn their Forces against the Turks The Croisade brought into Portugal Our King made Preparations for that Expedition and recalled Peter the Constable and Master of Avis Son to Prince Peter who was Banished to Castile He also coined a New sort of pieces called Cruzadoes from the Croisade and the Cross on them These were of pure Gold and great Weight that they might pass in Forreign Countries but the other Christian Princes not answering on their Part he bent his Mind upon Prosecuting the Conquest of Africk Tangier was first aimed at 1458. but this Resolution was changed for Alcaçer Alcazer on the Coast of Africk taken by King Alonso Twenty thousand Landmen were appointed for this Service who set sail from Setuval the 12th of October in Two hundred Sail of Ships They no sooner arrived than that they were Victorious and reduced that Place the Particulars of which Action are in the Portuguese Africk A Peace was now established with the Duke of Britany 1459. whose Subjects had taken many Portuguese Ships which was repaid them in the same kind 1460. The following Year died Prince Henry who first gave Encouragement and promoted the Discoveries on the Coast of Africk A Year after he was followed by Alonso Duke of Bragança Bastard-Son to King John the First 1461. The King being advertised That it would be easie to surprize Tangier Tangier taken set sail from Lisbon in November and tho he met with many difficulties he became Master of that Place The Catalonians rebelling against their lawful Sovereign King John of Aragâ—n sent to invite Peter Son to the Unfortunate Prince Peter to that Principality as being descended of the Ancient Earls of Barcelona He hasted thither from Ceuta but lived not long there and lies buried in the Cathedral King Alonso went over from Ceuta to Gibraltar to meet the King of Castile who craved Aid of him against his Nobility that not content with staining his Honour sought to deprive him of the Crown 1464. Here it was agreed King Alonso should marry Elizabeth Sister to the Castilian and his Son Prince John the Princess Joanna but all this took no effect 1466. Queen Joanna of Castile on whom those People cast all their Reproaches accusing her of Adultery only in malice to D. Beltran de la Cueva the King's Favourite whom she treated with Courtesie came to the City Guarda to crave Aid of the King her Brother against the Rebels who called her Daughter a Bastard and had opprobriously used a Statue they had erected to the King her Husband King Alonso intended to have succoured her but was prevented by the Death of Prince Alonso of Castile who had been proclaim'd King in opposition to the King his Brother whereupon ensued some tranquility in the Affairs of Castile King John of Aragon made great Interest that his Son Ferdinand might marry Elizabeth Sister to the King of Castile Our King Alonso also sent Embassadors to demand her according to the Articles concluded at Gibraltar But these Embassadors could not prevail for she was already engaged to Ferdinand and much more to those who advised that Match in opposition to her Brother that she might the better with their assistance deprive him of the Crown That Match was concluded in February 1469. 1469. This is that Elizabeth so much admired by the Spaniards for Sanctity and yet by this it appears she aimed to Usurp the Crown from her Brother and actually did it from his only Daughter CHAP. VI. The remaining Part of the Life and
him but it took no effect On the 18th of April he took the Field with 7500 Foot 500 Seamen 300 Indians 5 pieces of Cannon and a great quantity of Ammunition and marching to the Fort Barreta the Captain who commanded there unadvisedly went out with 80 Men most of whom were kill'd the Captain taken and his Ensign surrendred the Fort. Francis Barreto who commanded the Portugueses having called a Council of War it was resolved to give the Enemy Battle though at such great odds rather than stay to be beaten out of all their Posts by degrees According to this Resolution they marched and posted themselves in a small Plain at the Foot of the Mountains Gararapes on the 16th of April They sent out Major Antony Diaz Cardoso with 20 Men to observe the Enemy who stirred not that Night but appeared next Morning being Low Sunday upon the Mountains Antony Dias with his 20 Men and 40 Indians that had joyned him skirmishing in their Van. The Enemy drawing near our Men attack'd them with Sword in Hand and at the first Charge disordered their Van which retiring to the other Troops endeavoured to rally Henry Dias with his Regiment pressing hard upon them was overpowred by the fresh Troops and forced to give way so that many of the Portugueses who were disordered in Confidence of the Victory began to fly Francis Barreto in good time rallyed them and charging the Enemy again recovered the Day Yet the Dutch were not soon broke for the Fight continued four Hours very obstinate At last the Dutch gave way and retired to a Hill whether Francis Barreto thought not good to pursue them because his Men were spent with Travel and fasting 24 Hours There were taken 33 Colours many Arms and a great Booty At Night the Enemy returned to the Shoar leaving behind 1000 Dead and carrying 523 wounded of the Portugueses 80 were killed and 400 wounded This done Francis Barreto marched back to possess his former Quarters hoping the Enemy was not in a Condition to destroy them and so it proved for they had only possessed themselves of the Fort Barreta and Town of Olinda which last he resolved to recover At Night he sent Henry Diaz with his Regiment and some other Companies who drove out the Enemy killing 160 of them and recovered 5 pieces of Canon Francis Barreto ordered the Works to be rased and his Men to retire to their Post Sigismund Vanscop sent a Drum demanding exchange of Prisoners which was refused and they all sent away to Bahia Some Ships of the Dutch Fleet that had been separated by Storm arriving now Sigismund several times attacked the Quarters of Henry Dias but was as often valiantly repulsed by the Blacks There was great want of Men and Provisions in our Quarters which was in some measure remedyed by the arrival of Collonel Francis de Figueyroa from Bahia with 300 Men and a quantity of Cattle The joy of this Succour was abated by the Death of D. Antony Philip Camarao Governor of the Indians a good Christian and resolute Soldier Sigismund Vanscop perceiving Fortune favour'd him not at Pernambuco put to Sea with some Ships and landing in several parts of Baâ—ia returned with a great Booty he had gather'd Francis Barreto growing better versed in the Affairs of that Country continued the War with good Conduct as we shall see in the following Years 4. It has been said above that Salvador Correa was sent from Lisbon with the Title of Governour of Rio de Janeyro The Dutch beaten out of Angola in Africk and General of the Kingdom of Angola In January he arrived at Rio de Janeyro and found there Emanuel Pacheco de Mello with the 5 Ships sent by the Count de Villa Pouca in pursuance of the King's Orders Salvador Correa was no sooner landed but he called a Council to deliberate about recovering the Kingdom of Angola It was unanimously resolved to go upon the Enterprize and for the carrying of it on the Inhabitants contributed 55000 Cruzadoes which is 7333l 06 s. 04 d. This encouraged him to hire 6 Ships and buy 4 small Vessels He listed 900 Land Men and 600 Sea-men and having made all necessary Provision for them sailed for Angola on the 12th of May with 15 Sail. The weather proved so bad his small Vessels could not keep up with him However he arrived at Quicombo where he was ordered to raise a Fort and landed to view the place Five days after arrived his Vice-Admiral and two of the small Vessels but the Night following the Vice-Admiral sunk in the Bay without the least Wind no Man knowing what should be the cause of it In her perished 360 Men for only two were saved Salvador Correa called a Council where he proposed that though the King's Orders were not to make War upon the Dutch as supposing they lived peaceably with the Portugueses yet finding on the Contrary that they ceased not to make War upon those who were retired up the Country he thought it was but reasonable to assist their Country Men and expell those Usurpers All that were present answered they would either recover Angola or dye With this unanimous Consent he set sail again and arrived at Loanda Having taken a Black he reported that 300 Dutch with 3000 Blacks so streightned the Portugueses who were fled to the City Masangano that it was impossible to have any Correspondence with them Having received this Confirmation of the unjust proceedings of the Dutch he sent to summon the Governor of Loanda to surrender This Message so surprized him that he sent to desire only 8 days to resolve what was to be done Salvador Correa perceiving this was only to gain Time to call in their Men that were Abroad replyed he would grant two Days after which they must expect to be treated with the utmost Rigour They accepted of the offer and in that time gather'd all the Force they could into the Fort of St. Michael which commands the City and that of our Lady on the Shoar both which can contain 5000 Men. At the expiration of the two days Salvador Correa sent to know whether they were ready to surrender but they answered they were resolved to hold out to the last Hereupon he instantly landed 900 Men and marched to the Town which he entred without Opposition possessing himself of the Fort S. Antony abandoned by the Enemy who had left in it 8 pieces of Canon whereof only two were nailed With the other 6 and 4 Demi-Canon brought from the Ships he formed two Batteries that Night which at break of Day began to play on the Fort of St. Michael but not with any considerable effect Salvador Correa displeased at this disappointment and more at the News that the Dutch had defeated the Portugueses at Masangano resolved to venture upon a desperate Action which was to assault both the Forts joyned by a Line of Communication and defended by 1200 Dutch French and Germans and as many Blacks
of Candia where there was great store of Provisions and though 10000 Chingalas defended a Wood that lay in the way they were defeated and the Town taken On the 11th of May arrived at Columbo Francis de Mello de Castro sent to command in that Island by D. Bras de Castro with 8 Ships and 150 Foot With him went D. Alvaro de Atayde as General of the Forces but his Age and Diseases rendred him incapable of that Post whereupon Francis de Mello gave it to his Nephew Antony de Mello de Castro who being drove out of the Field by the King of Candia Francis de Mello at the earnest request of all the People restored Gaspar de Figueyra de Serpa to that Command No sooner had he received it but he marched out against the King of Candia and having worsted him in several Encounters forced him to retire to the City Candia near to which he encamped and continued a considerable time underhand raising such jealousies in the King's Mind that he caused him to behead many of his Favourites The Dutch at the same time had agreed with Hidalcan to besiege Goa by Land whilst they blocked it up by Sea promising him the plunder of the Place They came before it according to agreement with a Squadron but Hidalcan failing with his Forces they drew off again without attempting any thing This Year two Galeons sailed from Lisbon for India under the Command of Luis de Mendoza Furtado The Ship Nossa Senhora da Penha de Franca returning home from India was taken by the Hollanders in the latitude of Pernambuco Anno 1654. 1. TO begin this Year Tamericour Lieutenant General of Horse by order of the Count de Soure marched with all the Horse he could gather and some Foot to the Valleys of Mata Moros and St. Ann near the City Xeres All the Country people was retired to those Places and defended them the space of some Hours but being at length defeated the Villages were plundered and burnt which done the Portuguese Troops loaden with Booty returned to their Quarters Very few days passed before another Enterprize of more Consequence had the desired Success Oliva taken by the Portugueses Oliva was a large Town not far from the City Xerez defended by an old Castle and was the Receptacle of the Spaniards when they made incursions on that side Thither Andrew de Albuquerque though not well recovered of his Wounds marched with 2000 Foot and 1500 Horse By break of day he attacked the Town and made himself master of it without any difficulty At the Castle he found more opposition because two Petards he applyed to the Gates failed of the intended effect and all the Spaniards able to bear Arms had retired thither However Albuquerque lodged himself under the Wall and began to carry on two Mines The Besieged perceiving it began to parley and after three days surrendred upon Condition every one might take with him what he could carry The Booty was great because not only the Inhabitants of Oliva but of many other Towns had conveyed their Goods thither as to a place of Security This Conquest cost the Lives of 42 Men. Albuquerque added some Works to the place and leaving a Garrison in it returned to Elvas The Count de Soure having obtained leave to repair to Lisbon Andrew de Albuquerque was left supream Commander in the Province of Alentejo The King expresly commanded him to forbear making any Incursions into the Spanish Territories or driving thence any Cattle except such Horses as were fit for Service The Duke de S. German the Spanish General upon notice hereof offered to agree that no harm should be done on either side to the Country people but Albuquerque representing to the King the great Advantages that accrewed to his Army by these Incursions the King recalled his former Order and the War was carryed on as before The Spaniards The Spaniards carry off a great Booty to shew they had not made those Overtures for want of Strength drove a great Prey from the Territory of Monsaras and the Captains Denis de Mello and John Ferreyra da Cunha with their Troops attempting to recover it were defeated and they with 34 of their Men taken but soon set at liberty it being agreed that Prisoners should be discharged 2. Scarce any thing of Note happened this Year in any of the other Provinces both sides for the most part contenting themselves to preserve their own and save the Country People from Destruction Antony de Andrade de Oliva who had been a Franciscan Fryer and left that Order upon several Pretexts had now obtained leave of the King to go into Spain upon some odd Project as he was a Man of a restless Spirit returning thence Some Persons apprehended upon a false Information of their corresponding with Castile he accussed Sebastian Caesar de Meneses and his Brother F. James Caesar of holding Correspondence with the Spaniards whereupon they were both secured and committed to Prison where they continued a long time Francis de Sousa Coutinho returned this Year to the Ambassy at the French Court where nothing occurred worth relating no more that at Rome or in Holland things continuing still there in the same Posture The Count de Penaguiao not able to bear the loss of his Brother having concluded a Peace with the Usurper Oliver returned home carrying with him the Ratification of the Peace 3. Francis Barreto the General of Pernambuco meeting with the Amiral Peter Jaques Francis Barreto turns his Blocade at Arrecise into a formal Siege and his Vice-Admiral at the Town of Olinda to confer together about putting at end to the long Blocade they had made of the Dutch and having called a Council of War it was resolved to turn it into a formal Siege In order to it they agreed their first attempt must be to gain the Fort called Rego which was upon the Salt pits Peter Jaquez went away to the Fleet with a Resolution so to secure the Bar of Arrecife that no Succour might possibly be conveyed in On the 5th of January the Works by Land were advanced nearer and the Enemy shut up within a narrower Compass and a Battery of 9 Pieces of Cannon raised against the Fort Rego Collonel Andrew Vidal taking up his Post there On the 11th of January Francis Barreto with 2500 Foot marched to the Fort raised two batteries the one of 7 and the other of 5 Pieces of Cannon and began to carry on his approaches with great Art That Night they came within Musket-shot of the Fort. On the 15th both the Cannon and small shot played incessantly on bothsides the Dutch at the same time attempting to put some succour into the Fort but were disappointed That Night Hugh Naquer who Commanded in the Fort Surrendred Capitulating for the Garrison to march out with their Armes and to be sent to Portugal Before day he marched out with 70 Men. Two Companies of Portugueses were
all these Calamities had not been sufficient to humble so small a number of People and so narrow a Country the Miramamolin Abenjoseph Brother to him that besieged Santarem assisted by the Kings of Cordova and Sevil entred Portugal with 400000 Men. The Moors ravage the Country All the open Country was by him miserably wasted and the Towns of Alcazar Almada and Palmela taken with all that the Christians had before gained in Algarve Our King not able oppose so puissant an Enemy concluded a Truce with him for five Years which ended in a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun This was followed by Earthquakes Earthquakes inundations and Storms for 8 Years Floods Storms at Sea and many other Calamities for the space of 8 Years Men laboured under a horrid Distemper for their Entrails consuming they died raving A considerable body of Portuguese was at the famous Battle of Alarcos in Castile against the Moors 1195. commanded by D. Ganzalo Viegas Master of Avis who died honourably in that glorious Action A multitude of Arabs after the Expiration of the Truce overran a great part of Portugal 1196. consuming all that was not before spoiled and putting to the Sword all the Monks of the Monastery of Alcobaza 1197. King Sancho at last provoked by these losses marched out with his Forces took Roca de Palmela and recovered Elvas not long before taken from him Next he made War on the King of Leon his Son-in-law having obtained of Pope Celestin III. 1200. the Croisade for all that fought against him as a favourer of Infidels against Christians He took from him the City Tuy and Towns of Pontevedrâ— and St. Payo de Lombeo and recovered Contrasta now called Valencia before taken by the King of Leon. At length these two Kings were reconciled through the mediation of the King of Aragon who to that effect came to Coimbra 1208. then the Court of Portugal Some time after there ensued Civil Wars in Portugal betwixt certain great Men the most considerable betwixt Peter Rodriguez de Pereyre and his Cousin Peter Mendez de Poyares who coming to a Battle near Valongo two Leagues from Porto the latter was there slain with many other Men of Note 7. The Holy City of Hierusalem being taken by Saladin the Christian Princes made preparations for recovery of it and our King Sancho designed to have gone thither himself but being disswaded sent supplies and encouraged the knights Templers and Hospitallers to proceed vigorously in that religious Enterprize In this King's time was used in Portugal the weight called a Talent A Talent used in Portugal but less than the Roman Greek or Hebrew being worth but four Ducats I have seen silver Coin of this King 's with his Image a Horseback on the one side his Sword held up a cross on his Reines and about it these Words In nomine Patris filij spiritus Sancti On the reverse the Arms of the Kingdom and this Inscription Sanctius Dei Gratia Rex Portugaliae King Sancho fixed not his abode in any one place but often removed that so all might equally enjoy his presence He was a great Patron to the religious and Military Orders careful of rewarding Merit a Friend to the Poor an Enemy to Idleness and true Father of his Country The misfortunes during his Reign and his own bounty might well have exhausted the Treasure yet so well did he manage it that at his death he distributed 7â—8000 Crowns and 1400 Marks of Plate and 100 of Gold His Legacies extended to Rome and Hierusalem The death of King Sancho he was of a middle Stature and strongly set he Reigned 26 Years and lived 57 died in March and lies Buried in the Church of the Holy Cross at Coimbra opposite to his Father whose Tomb is on the right side of the Altar His Tomb being opened by King Emanuel to put him into a new one 400 Years after his Decease the body was found uncorrupted 8. Some Years before the death of his Father His Issue he married Dulcis or Aldonza Daughter to Raymund Berengarius Earl of Barcelona by whom he had issue Alonso his Successor Ferdinand married to Joanna Countess of Flanders Daughter and Heiress to Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople Peter who married the Daughter and Heiress of Earl Armengaud in whose right he had the Earldoms of Vrgel and Segorbe and Island of Majorca Henry that died young and Raymund that lived a short time His Daughters were Teresa married to the King of Leon and parted from him on account of Consanguinity when she had three Children by him she is esteemed a Saint Mafalda married to Henry I. King of Castile and divorced as well as her Sister on the same account of Consanguinity she lies buried in the Monastery of Arouca and is Worshiped as a Saint Sancha who converted her own Pallace at Alenquer into a Franciscan Monastery which was the first in Portugal that holy Man being then alive She also built the Monastery of Celas near Coimbra and lies Buried at Lorvan with the same esteem as her Sisters Blanch Lady of Gaudalajara in Castile where she died but was translated to the Church of the Holy Cross at Coimbra among her Parents Berengaria died young at Lorâ—an and lies there His illegitimate Children were Martin Sanchez Earl of Trastamara Vrraca Sanchez Wife to Laurence Suarez Teresa Sanchez second Wife to Alonso Tello the Elder Giles Sanchez who became a Priest Constance Sanchez finished the Monastery of St. Francis at Coimbra Ruy Sanchez killed in Battle as will appear in the year 1245. Nunno Sanchez and Mayor Sanchez All these the King had before he was Married by a Lady of Quality called Mary Paez 9. King Sancho left out all the small Scutcheons used by his Father in his Arms His Armes only retaining the five principal in form of a Cross with the strings that bind them together In his time the Orders of St. Dominick and St. Francis first founded in Portugal and those of the Holy Trinity and Carmelites were then also admitted CHAP. V. The Life and Reign of King Alonso II. of the Name and third King of Portugal his actions and death from the Year 1183. till 1223. 1. ALonso Eldest Son to King Sancho 1185. and his Wife Queen Dulcis The Birth of King Alonso II. who was the third King of Portugal and second of the Name was Born the 25th of April in the famous City Coimbra He falling desperately sick and being given over by the Physitians his Father had recourse to Heaven for his Health which was obtained through the Prayers of the Holy Nun Sennorina then living in the Mountains of Basto of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho as an acknowledgment for which benefit received the King bestowed Lands and Possessions on that Church as did some of his Successors Soon after his miraculous recovery his Father sent him General against Torres Novas whence the Infidels