though 't is to be supposed at that time he thought not to have arrived at so great height as to be King of Portugal When he was grown to the age of about three and twenty years he was by his brother made a chief Commander of his Armies in which Military imployment he behaved himself with so much courage and magnanimity as was admirable his valor soon gained the love of the soldiers and his courtesie and affability the affection of the people the very Moors his enemies would applaud him as both a perfect soldier and a Courtier His brother being dead and his Nephew Beatrice uncapable of succession by reason of her having married a forreign Prince he claimed the Crown as next of the blood but his claim was at first made void by reason of his being illegitimate when afterwards the Councel of Estates finding that if they should refuse him they might perchance choose one less deserving conferred the Crown upon him yet so as he should receive it not as his indubitable right by birth but as given him by election Yet some Writers there be that affirm that there were several legitimate sons of his father King Pedro then alive who all laid their several claims to the Crown as of right belonging to them before him but that he being at the time of his brothers death General of the Armies in Algarve and having gained so much upon the soldiers and people presuming upon their affection and his desert laid claim to the Crown which they being no way able to resist were forced to rest content and permit him to enjoy what was likewise willingly conferred upon the people so that he came to the Crown partly by force and partly by election But howsoever he came by it enjoy it he did and entred into his government about the two and thirtieth year of his age and in the beginning of the year 1388. received with great applauses by the whole kingdom as a Prince from whom they expected great and good things having already had so large experience of him Soon after his Coronation he married Philippa daughter to Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster which match he the rather inclined to because Henry the bastard King of Castile in right of his wife Beatrice pretended a title to the Crown of Portugal which he hoped he might the better oppose by matching into that â—amily which had equal if not more indubitable â—ight to the kingdom of Castile For Iohn Duke of Lancaster having married Constance the eldest daughter to Peter the deposed and murthered King of Castile and Leon claimed a right to and was a great stickler for those kingdoms yet never enjoyed any other but the bare title King Iohn having setled his kingdom applied himself to the prosecuting the War against the Moors who being quite driven out of his conâ—ines he resolves to follow into their own country and be the first King of his Nation that ever past the sea to this purpose he mans out a potent fleet and having fraighted it with a sufficient Army puts to sea and lands in Mauritania where in several battels he discomfits the Barbarians wastes their Countrey burns their Villages and possesses himself of a Sea-port Town called Seplene or Ceâ—ta whereby he gained both a retiring place and an in-let into the Country when he pleased By his Queen Phillippa King Iohn had a noble and numerous Issue first Edward so named from King Edward the third of England his God-father who succeeded in the kingdom secondly Ferdinand a man of so great abstinence and so devoutly religious that the Portuguese added him to the Calender of their Saints he was in the Wars against the Moors taken prisoner and during his captivity behaved himself with such an admirable patience as worthily deserves our wonder never murmuring to be linckt together with one of his meanest servants and with him forced for his living to grinde in a Mill though such was the piety of the servant that if he could he would willingly have performed the task himself and excused his Lord from the toil if it had been possible at length he was ransomed and returning ended his days in a recluse the third son of King Iohn was named after his own name the fourth Pedro but the fifth who most worthily deserves to be recorded was the Infante Henry This Prince whether emulating the great actions of his father or out of a natural inclination in himself was the first that encouraged the Portugueses to affect forreign Voyages he first set out with a great fleet in or about the year 1425. and made discovery of the Islands in the Atlantique sea which at first were called from their being newly found out Insulae Novae or the New Islands afterwards and now vulgarly called the Azores he likewise in many other Voyages made discovery of the Islands of Maderae Holy Port and Capo Verde and sailing farther along the Coast of Africa was the first that found out the way by Sea to Guiana at length wearied with travel and overpressed with age he retired and lived upon Cape St. Vincent which place he choose because of the constant sereness of the Air being a great lover of Astrologie and the Mathematiques he died about the year 1465. and was buried in the Chappel of that Monastery built by Ferdinand the first King Iohn reigned in all forty seven years having from the King of England received the honor of being Knight of the Garter as likewise did his two sons Prince Edward and the Infante Henry He died in the year 1436. leaving the World full of his glory He was a Prince in whom all Vertues seemed naturally to flow endowed with all imaginable Ornaments both of body and minde of a tender and affable Nature yet in the field as Valiant as the fiercest though 't is by some observed that he was never perceived upon any charge given upon the enemy many of which he made in his own person to change countenance or shew any sign of discomposure from his constant temper EDWARD the I. Eleventh KING of PORTVGAL EDward the first of that Name King of Portugal was born at the City of Braga in or about the year of our Lord one thousand three hundred ninety and two he was educated during his youth in all those exercises befitting a a Prince under the tutorage of the Arch-Bishop of Lisbon in which he profited so that in his most tender years his great judgement was deservedly wondered at after he had past his minority in studies he several times accompanied his father in the Wars of Africa where he showed great proofs of his magnanimity and courage He came to the Crown at the age of forty four years or thereabouts some report that being to have the Ceremonies of his Coronation performed the same morning that the Crown was to be put upon his head a Jew one of his Physicians and a great Student inâ— Astrologie came to him and falling down
revolted from them to the King of Spain carrying along with him the papers of his Embassy for which according to his desert his Effigies was executed at Lisbon as a Traytors his Goods confiscated his house razed to the ground and his Children banished and degraded of nobility His brother Don Deigo de Sylâ—a who had served the King of Portugal in the quality of General at Sea was likewise upon this occasion commanded to retire to one of his houses and deprived of all publique employment After him was sent Don Henry de Susa Count of Miranda to negotiate an Accommodation with the Netherland States yet he prevailed little for the pertinacious Hollanders were still resolute in their unreasonable demands computing their losses in Brazile where they had no right to be to amount to no less then thirty millions The Spaniards in the mean time were forced to give the Portugals some respite in the summer 1659. but preparations were made to assault them with the whole power of that Monarchy in the Spring 1660. Don Iohn D' Austria being called out of Flanders to be Generalissimo of the Spanish Forces and having Orders given him in April 1660. to march directly to Merida on the Frontiers of Portugal though he went not that Summer But the Portugueses resolved not to be behind-hand with their Enemies and therefore made several in-roads into the Spanish Territories depopulating all before them which made the Spaniards to be revenged resolve to do the like to them Order was therefore given to fall into the Kingdom on all sides the Marquess of Viana Governor of Gallicia marching in that way with eight thousand Foot and eight hundred Horse and the Governor of Camara invading that part which was adjacent to his government In this condition was the Kingdom of Portugal when His Majesty Charles the Second King of England was restored to his Crowns and Kingdoms welcomed by his Subjects with all gratulatory and submissive Obedience the News of which was no sooner by advice from D. Francisco de Melo Ambassador for the King of Portugal in England conveyed to the ears of his Master but he caused all the Guns of the Town Castle and Ships in the Road to be fired and for three days and nights kept solemn and magnificent Rejoycings the Portuguese Nation as well as by this their joy at the Restoration of King Charles the Second as by their sorrow and general mourning at the Death of King Charles the â—irst expressing their great affection for the English Nation But because their joy should be somewhat for their own as well as our sakes there at the same time arrived News at Lisbon that Don Alfonso Turtudo General of the Horse on the Frontiers of Alentejo meeting with a Brigade of the Enemies Horse nigh to Badajox had fought and defeated them killed and took four hundred of them amongst whom were four Captains of Horse prisoners The Spaniards still continued their Leavies against Portugal being resolved to employ an Army of four thousand Horse and twelve thousand Foot constantly recruited about the Frontiers of Estramadura and another of three thousand Horse and ten thousand Foot about Gallicia and a third of twelve thousand men to serve as a Reserve to the two former In this manner were they resolved to assault them by Land while the Prince of Montesarchio with ten Men of VVar was appointed to coast up and down before their Ports and do them what mischief he could by Sea Thus have we deduced a Compendious Chronicle of the Kingdom of Portugal from its first original under Alfonso the First to the fourth year of the Reign of the present King Alfonso the Sixth Anno 1660. and are forced now to leave her strugling with Spain for her liberty which great Monarch by the prudent Management of Affairs by that Sage and Illustrious Queen Regent she hath hitherto been able to resist and will without doubt still be able to defend her self against him especially if the Match with England take effect as without doubt it will our Nation being like to prove a better Bulwark than the fickle French who were seldom or never constant to their Friends witness their deserting Queen Elizabeth when she waged VVar with the Spaniards as they did now the Portugals FINIS A BRIEF Cosmographical Description Of all the Dominions of PORTVGAL THat part of the Dominions of the King of Portugal which are upon the Continent of Europe contain first the kingdom of Portugal and secondly the kingdom of Algarve or Regnum Algarbiorum The kingdom of Portugal is bounded on the North with the Rivers Minio and Avia which part it from Gallicia on the South with the kingdom of Algarve on the VVest with the Atlantick Ocean and on the East with the two Castiles and Estramadura from which it is deduced by a Line drawn from Ribadonia standing on the Avia to Badayox on the Anas or Guadiana it extendeth on the Sea-coast from North to South four hundred miles the breadth of it in the broadest place is one hundred miles in the narrowest eighty the whole circumference is about eight hundred seventy nine miles in which compass it containeth fourteen hundred and sixty Parishes It was first called Lusitania from the Lusitans its chief Inhabitants and had the name of Portugal either from the Port of Cale now called Caia sometimes a rich Empory or Mart-town or more likely from the Haven of Porto a town standing on the mouth of the River Dueries where the Golls or French used to land their merchandize and so was called Portus Galliorum and by contraction Portugal This Town was given in Dower to Henry Duke of Lorain with Teresa base Daughter to Alphonso the sixth King of Castile with the Title of Earl of Portugal whose Successors coming to be Kings called all those Countries they gained from the Moors by the same name The Air of the Countrey is healthy the Countrey hilly and bare of Corn with which it is supplyed from France and other Northern parts yet that which they have is as good if not better than any Europe affords The soyl and people are in all parts not rich alike for where the soyl is richest the people are poorest not benefited by the Trade of the too-far distant Lisbon and where the soyl is poorest the people are richest helped by Traffick and Manufactures the chief of which are making Salt and Silk which they export in great abundance and where there 's want of Corn that defect is supplyed with abundance of Honey Wine Oyl Alume Fruits Fish Salt white Marble and some Mines of Silver c. The people are of a more plain simple behavior than the rest of Spain and if we may believe the Spanish Proverb neither numerous nor wise but they have found them both They have a kinde of natural Animosity if not Antipathy against the Castilians for depriving them of their native Government and Liberties although they have now recovered both They were
and Gallies Anno 1537. offended with the Portugals for aiding the King of Persia but rather for diverting the Spice-trade from Alexandria in which he had such ill success that having assaulted it in vain with his Land-forces he was fain to raise his Siege in such haste and tumult that he left his great Ordnance behinde him 2. Over against Diu upon the Sea-side they are possessed of Damau a beautiful and pleasant Town fortified with a strong Castle at the north end of it of white chalky stone well planted with Ordnance opposite whereunto on the south-side of the Town is a goodly Church edged on the top with white which with the houses for the most part of the same colour also afford a pleasant prospect to the Sailors by 3. The next place of Consequence which they possess and indeed the chief of all their possessions in India is the City of Goa in the kingdom of Decan a sea-Sea-town scituate in a little but most pleasant Island called Tickvarinum fifteen miles in compass opposite to the Mouth or Out-let of the River Mundavo a noted Empory and one of the Keyes which unlock the Indies for number of inhabitants pleasantness of scituation and magnificent building the chiefest of the Countrey here the Portugals have their Arsenals and Harbor for their Indian Fleet by which they do command these Seas so strongly fortified that though beleaguered by the great Idalian with 35000 Horse 6000 Elephants and 250 piece of Ordnance yet he could not force it made in regard of the convenient scituation and strength of it the ordinary Residence of the Portugal Vice-Roy who hath here his Council Chancellor and other Officers for the Government of such parts of India as belong to that Crown It is also the Seat of the Archbishop or Primate of the Indian Church planted by that Nation who is hence called the Archbishop of Goa 4. To this we may adde Chiaul a Sea town in the hands of the Portugals also and by them well fortified insomuch as a Nisamalocco assaulting it at the same time with a very great Army was fain to leave it as he found it 5. Solsette with a Peninsula about 20 miles in compass possessed likewise by the Portugals about nine miles distant from Goa the whole Peninsula containing 30 villages and 80000 Inhabitants this stands in the Province of Canara 6. We may adde the Cittadel the Portuguese have by consent of the King built and fortified nigh the great City of Connonor with many other Fortresses and places amongst the rest the City of Macoa in China deserves mention a famous and known Empory The Portugals Possessions in Affrica THe Portugals had large Possessions in the kingdoms of Congo and Angola in Affrica which were first discovered under the Conduct of Diego Can in the year 1486. and had fortified themselves in the kingdom of Angola from whence and Congo they used yearly to transport 28000 Slaves into Brazile till by the treachery of the Hollanders they were Anno 1641. or thereabout dispossessed thereof for the Portugals having cast off the Spanish yoke a Cessation from Hostility with them was proclaimed in Holland and not long after a firm Peace made between the two Nations In the Articles whereof it was conditioned That this Peace should not begin in the East-Indies till the end of a year nor in Brazile till the end of half a year from the making thereof which being observed they gave Order to their Fleets and Forces which were abroad to make themselves Masters of any thing belonging to the Portugals which they could lay hold of who following the Instructions and anchoring near the Fort of Angola were by the Portugals received with joy into their Castle as their special friends which presently they possessed themselves of turning the poor Portugals in a weak Barque to seek new Adventures nor were they less kind to them in the Island of St. Thomas and Princes Island The Islands of Capo Verde are still possessed by the Portugals so called because scituate just opposite to Promontorium Capites Viridis in the Land of Negroes they are nine in number to wit 1 St. Anthony 2 St. Vincent 3 Buena Vista 4 St. Luciâ—â— 5 Insula Salis or The Isle of Salt 6 Del Fogo or The Isle of Fire 7 St. Nicholas 8 Maggio o. Majo 9 St. Iago some have added a tenth called Brava Of these onely three are inhabited to wit Majo Del Fogo and St. Iago of which the last is the chief yet but seven miles long rocky and mountainous but full of very pleasant valleys and well peopled the chief town of it called Riblero or Ribiera la grande a Colony of Portugals scituate on a fine river and a beautiful Hâ—ven taken and sacked by Sir Francis Drake in the year 1585. and after by Sir Anthony Shirly Anno 1596. The Portugals likewise possess the town of Tanger a pretty Fortification on the coast of Mauritania scituate about the middle of the straits of Gibraltar Brazile BRazile is bounded on the East with Mare del Noort or the Main Atlantick on the West with some undiscovered countries lying betwixt it and the Audes on the North with Guiana from which parted by the great river Maragnon on the South with Paroguay or the province of Riodeo la Plata The reason of the name I finde not unless it come from the abundance of the Wood called Brazile wood which was found amongst them as the famous Isle of Cyprus from its plenty of Cypresses It reaches from the 29th to the 39th degree of Southern latitude or measuring it by miles It is said to be fifteen hundred miles from North to South and five hundred miles breadth from the Sea to the Audes which must be understood with reference to the whole extent of it for otherwise all that which is possessed by the Portugals is so short of taking up all the breadth thereof that they possess nothing but the Sea Coasts and some few leagues comparitively within the Land the greatest part of it being conquered that it hath not hitherto been discovered The Country is full of Mountaines Rivers and Forrests diversified into hills and plains alwayes pleasant and green The Air for the most part sound and wholesom by reason of the fresh Winds which reign amongst them yet in regard of its moisture it is held more agreeable to old men then young The soil excessive fruitful were it not cloy'd with too much Rain however it produces Sugar-Canes in such libeâ—al quantities that they yearly bring out of Brazile to Portugal 150000 Acrobes of Sugar every Arrobe containing twenty five Bushels of our English measure There is also infinite quantities of that Red-wood used for Dying called Brazile wood the Trees whereof are of that incredible greatness that whole Families live on an Arm of them every Tree being as populous as the most of our villages The people are endowed with a pretty naturâ—l understanding yet generally barbarous the men and
women go stark naked and on high festival days hang Jewels in their lips Those festival days are when a company of good neighbors come together to be merry over the roasted body of a fat man which they cut in Collops called Boucon and eat with greediness and delectation They have two vile qualities as being mindful of injuries and forgetful of benefits They cannot pronounce the letters L. F R the reason of which one being demanded made answer because they had amongst them neither Law Faith nor Reason The Country is not divided into Provinces or Counties as in other places but into Prefectures or Captain-ships as the Portugueses call them of which there are 13 in all from the Province Rio della Plata to that of Guiana to wit 1. The Captainship of St. Vincent bordering on Rio della Plata inhabited by the most civil people of all Brazil the chief Towns of which are 1. Sancto at the bottom of an arm of the Sea capable of good ships of burthen but distant from the Main three Leagues a 〈◊〉 of no more then 120. houses yet the best of this prefecture beautified with a Parish Church and two Convents of Fryers taken and held two moneths by Sir Thomas Cavendish Anno 1591. since that environed with a Wall and fortified with two Castles 2. St. Vincents better built but not so well fitted with an haven of about 70. houses and one hundred inhabitants 3. Isange 4. Canavea two open Burroughs but capable of lesser Vessels 5. St. Paul upon a little Mountain at the foot whereof run two pleasant Rivers which fall not far off into the River Iniambis a Town of about a hundred houses one Church two Convents and a Colledge of Jesuites neighbored by Mines of gold found in the Mountains called Pernabiacaba 6. St. Phillips a small Town on the banks of Iniambis which there begins to enlarge it self and passing thence falleth at last into the River Parana one of the greatest tributaries to Rio de la Plata 2. Of Rio de Ianeiro or the River of Ianuary so called because entred into that month by Iohn Diaz de Solis Anno 1515. neglected of the Portugals it was seized on by the French under the conduct of Villagagâ—one employed herein by Admiral Chastillon a great friend of the Hugonâ—tes to whom it was intended as a place of refuge as New England afterwards for the like but within three years after their first coming thither Anno 1558 regained by the Portugals and the French pâ—t to the sword The Places of most consideration in it are 1. Colignia the Foâ—t and Colony of the French so named in honor of Gasper Colligni commonly called Chastillon by whose encouragement it was founded scituate on the Bay of the River Iaâ—iero which the French called Ganabara 2. Sr. Sebastians built at the mouth of the same Bay by the Portugals after they had expelled the French and fortified with four strong Bulwarks 3. Angra des Reyes distant twelve Leagues Westward from the mouth of the Bay not long since made a Portugal Colonie beside these there are two great Burroughs of the natural Brazilians in which are said to be two thousand Inhabitants 3. Of the Holy Ghost del Spiritu Sancto one of the most fertile Provinces of all Brazil well stored with Cotton Wool and watered with the River Parayba large and full of fish the onely Town of note in it is Spiritu Sancto inhabited by about 200 Portugals the chief building of it a Church dedicated to St. Francis a Monastery of Benedictines a Colledge of Jesuites the chief conveniency a safe and commodious Haven capable of the greatest Vessels 4. Of Porto Seguro the secure Haven so called by Capralis who first discovered it when being tost at sea by a terrible tempest he had here refreshed himself the chief Towns hereof 1. Porto Seguro built on the top of a white Cliff which commands the Haven of more Antiquity then fame of more fame then bigness as not containing fully two hundred families 2. Santa Cruz three Leagues from the other a poor Town with as poor an harbor the Patrimony and inheritance of the Dukes of Avero in the Realm of Portugal 3. Santo Amaro or St. Omers once of great note for making Sugars for which use here were five Ingenios or Sugar Engines deserted by the Portugals for fear of the Savages against whom they had not power enough to make good the place and the Sugars destroyed of purpose that they might not come into the hands of the barbarous people 5. Of Des Iieos or the Isles so named from certain Islands lying against the Bay on which the principle Town is seaâ—ed called also Ilheos or the Isle the Town consisting of about 150 or 200 families neighbored by a great lake of 12 leagues in compass out of which that River doth arise full of great but wholesome fish which they call Monatos some of which are affirmed to weigh twenty eight pounds This Colony much endangered by the Guaymuri a race of savages more savage then any of their fellows who being driven out of their own Country fell into this prefecture and had utterly destroyed it if some of St. Georges Reliques as the Jesuites say sent by their General from Rome Anno 1581. had not stayed their fury and given the Portugals the better 6. Of Todos los Sanctos or all Saints so called from a large Bay of that name upon which it hath in bredth two leagues and an half eighteen fathom deep and full of many little Islands but flourishing and pleasant and well stored with Cotton wooll The chief Towns hereof are 1. San Salvador built on a little hill on the North side of the Bay by Thomas de Souza adorned with many Churches and fortified besides the Wall with three strong Castles the one called St. Anthony the other St. Phillip and the third Tapesippe 2. Paripe more within the land four leagues from S. Saviours 3. Seregippe del Rey a small Town and seated on as small a River but amongst many rich Pastures and some veins of silver 7. Of Pernambucco one of the richest Prefectures for Tobacco Sugar and the great quantity of Brazile wood which is brought hence yearly for the dyers in all this Country but destitute of Corn and most other necessaries with which it is supplyed from Portugal chief Towns hereof 1. Olinda the largest and best peopled of all Brazile containing above two thousand persons not reckoning Church-men nor taking the great number of slaves which they keep for their Sugar-works in this account there are in it eight Parochial Churches five Religious houses and some Hospitals scituate near the Sea but on so uneven a piece of ground as makes it not capable of a regular Fortification the Haven being little and not very commodioâ—s but defended at the entrance by a well built Castle and that well planted with brass pieces 2. Amatta di Brazile ten miles from Olinda the Inhabitants
always accounted good Sea-faring men and fortunate in discovery of forein Countreys It aboundeth with Rivers of all sorts having neer two hundred great and small The chief are 1. Minius full of red Lead and thence called Minium by the Latines navigable with small Vessels neer a hundred miles 2. Lethes now Lavada 3. Muliadas now Mundego 4. Tagus 5. Duerus and 6. Anas These three last common to all the rest of Spain Anas or Guadiana passing by Portugal onely for seven leagues Tagus for eighteen and Duero for eighty None of these navigable for any long space by Ships of any great burthen all the Rivers of Spain being generally swift of course restrained within narrow Channels between sharp Rocks and therefore incommodious for navigation but that want is supplyed by three excellent Havens 1. That of Lisbon upon Tagus 2. Porto upon Duero to the north of Lisbon 3. That of Setaval south of Lisbon scituate on a Goll twenty miles in length and three in breadth a place of great importance The principal Cities of this Countrey are 1. Lisbon seated upon Tagus a City famous for Commerce called by the Latines Olisippo or Ulisippo and as some have fabulously imagined built by Ulysses in his ten years travel It is in compass seven miles and contains upwards of thirty Parishes in which are at least 20000 houses neat and comely Fabricks There are on the Walls seventy six Turrets and Towers twen-two Gates to the Sea-side Towards the Continent it is scituate upon five small Hills betwixt which is a valley which runs down to the River On the highest Hill stands an ancient Castle not strong but by reason of its vicinity to the Palace serving now onely for a Prison for great men The Entrance of the River is defended by the Castle of Cascais and neerer the City by the Fort of St. Iulians and the Rock of Belem muniâ—ioned by twenty Pieces of Ordnance This is the Chamber of the Kings of Portugal the Sea of an Archbishop the Staple of Commodities for all the kingdom and thought more worth than all the Realm besides 2. The second City of note is Santaren seated on the Tagus so called from Sancta Irene a Nun of Tomar a Monastery wherein the old Kings of Portugal used to be crowned martyred heâ—e by the Moors this City is called by Ptolomy Scavaliscus then a Roman Colony 3. Sintrâ— upon the main Atlantick at the end of high mountains called Montes Lunae hither by reason of the cool refreshings of the Sea and pleasure of the Woods adjoyning the Kings of Portugal use to retire in the heat of Summer 4. Corimbra seated on both sides the River Mondego a pleasant Scituation among the Vineyards and Woods of Olives a Bishops Sea an University and sometime the Residence of the Kings 5 On the north side of the River Duero betwixt that and Minio is placed the City of Braga once the Royal Seat of the Swevian Kings now the Sea of an Archbishop conâ—ending for the supremacy with Ioledo 6. Porto the Haven of the Galls before-mentioned standing at the mouth of Duero now vulgarly called Portuport 7. Miranda a Bishops Sea seated also on the Duero 8. Bragance the Dukes whereof now Kings of Portugal were accounted so great Princes that it was thought one third part of Portugal were their Vassals and lived on their Lands they are originally descended from Alphonso natural son to Iohn the First who was first by his Father created Earl of Borcellos and after Duke of Bragance they after came to have right to the Crown by marriage of Katherine Daughter to Emanuel 9. On the south of Tagus and betwixt it and Algarve is seated in the middest of a large and spacious Plain the City of Eubora the Sea of an Archbishop and an University the last founded by King Henry the Cardinal 10. Is Portolegre a Bishops Sea 11. Olivenza on the Guadiana 12. Beja called by Pliny anciently Pax Iulia now Mean not very well inhabited but anciently a Roman Colony and one of the three Juridicial Resorts of Lusitania The Kingdom of Algarve THe kingdom of Algarve lyeth South of Portugal from which it is divided by a Line drawn from Aschorin on the Western Sea to Odochere a Castle on the Guadiana on the East bounded by Andalusia on the West and South by the main A lantick more wilde and barren it is then the kingdom of Portugal peopled with few Towns and those not very populous hilly and mountanous but by the benefit of the Sea yielding a great Trade of fishing specially of Tunny of which there is abundance caught It took its name from its Western scituation for so Algarve signifieth in the Arabick the utmost end of it was antiently called Promontorium Sacrum now Cape St. Vincent because the bones of St. Vincent religiously preserved by the Christians were here burnt and scattered by the Moors but now vulgarly by Mariners called the Southern Cape the Places of most importance in this kingdom are 1. Niebla the seat of Abed Mefad once King of this Country 2. Sylvia an inland City the seat of a Bishop 3. Villa Maona scituate beyond the Cape 4. Tavila 5. Faro 6. Lagos all Haven Towns This Country conquered by the Moors with the rest of Spain in the distractions of their power was for a time under the Soveraignity and command of the Kings of Sevil recovered from the Moors of Sevil by the Kings of Morocco It became subject unto them till they left this Country and was after parcelled among many Kings one of which was Aben Mefad reigning in Niebla and the parts adjoyning being dispossessed of his Estate by Alfonso the wise most of the other Towns and Princes submitted unto him and became his Vassals Anno 1257. more absolutely subdued and made subject to the Crown of Portugal by Alfonso the third Anno 1260. to whom the said Alfonso the renth of that Name in Leon and seventh in Castile had given the same in Dowry with Beatrix his daughter The Azores or Tenera Islands THe Azores or Tenera Islands are certain Islands belonging to the Crown of Portugal seated in the Atlantick Ocean directly opposite to Lisbon and distant from it 250 leagues first found out and subdued by the Portugals under the Conduct of Prince Henry son of Iohn the first scituate between 38. and 40. degrees of the Latitude and one of them in the first Longitude which is commonly reckoned from these Islands being the most Western parts of the world before the discovery of America They were called Azores from the multitude of Gossehawk at first found there Azor in the Spanish Tongue signifying a Gossehawk though at this time there are few or none found they were called also the Flemish Islands because first discovered by them and in the Isle of Faial one of the chief there are some families still resemble Flemings both in complexion and habit and not far from their abode is a Torrent called by the Portugals