be more than two together without having any Command there then they chuse their Quarters according to their standing And next to the Marshals of France the Dukes and Peers take place for in Armies Dukes and Peers are Lodged always after Marshals of France But in following the Court out of an Army this Order is observed First their Majesties are Lodged then other Royal Persons then the Princes and Princesses then the Great Officers of the Crown after them the Dukes and Peers and lastly the Marshals of France The Chancellour is Lodged next after the Princes and in marking his Lodging the word Pour or for is used the meaning of which we have already explained Besides all which which are called the Ranks there are the Preferred of which we have spoken The Marshals and Harbingers of the Kings Lodgings are also employed by his Majesties special Command to provide Lodgings for the Assemblies of the States General of the Kingdom when any are called or for the States of any particular Province when the King is to be present at them as likewise for the Assemblies of the Clergy which is to be understood when they assemble in any other place but Paris for there no Lodgings are marked for them Likewise when the persons composing any Soveraign Courts or other publick Bodies are to meet at St. Denis in France by the Kings Order and according to Custom to assist at the Funeral Pomps or Solemnities made at the Burials or Anniversary Services for Kings Queens and Princes or Princesses of the Blood or others the Marshals and Harbingers of the Kings Lodgings go thither some dayes before to provide them Lodgings The King too usually sends the said Marshals and Harbingers of his Lodgings to meet Foreign Princes and Princesses that come into or pass through his Kingdom to order and prepare Lodgings for them every where as they pass The Title and Quality of Squires has been conferred and confirmed upon the Marshals and Harbingers in Ordinary of the Kings Lodgings by several Orders of the Council of State Next the Marshals and Harbingers of the Lodgings is the Captain of the Guides with his Company who is a necessary Officer in Journies Of the Captain of the Guides The Office of Captain of the Guides for the Conducting of his Majesty formerly enjoyed by one is now exercised by two Brothers who part between them the following Salary and Profits viz. 2000 l. Salary paid quarterly by the Treasurers of the Houshold 600 l. a Month extraordinary during any Voyage or Journey and 300 l. when the Court is at any of the Royal Houses they eat at the Kings Serdeau's or Water-Servers Table with the Gentlemen Waiters The Captain of the Guides when the King is on his march along the Country is always to keep by one of the Boots or Portals of the Kings Coach to be ready to tell his Majesty the names of the places Cities Castles Towns and Villages upon the Road if he ask them or resolve any other Question concerning them There are commonly at least two Guides on Horseback that wear the Kings Livery that ride a little before his Majesty to Conduct him and place themselves ordinarily at the head of the Light-Horse If there be any need of repairing the High-ways for the Kings Passage the Captain of the Guides usually lays out what is needful for that purpose and is repaid again at the Treasure-Royal For fear the Officers of the Goblet or of the Mouth should fail to come up to the place where the King is to eat when he is travelling along the Country the Captain of the Guides sometimes gives them notice in what part of the Way his Majesty has a mind to Dine He has power to settle Guides to Conduct his Majesty in every Town of the Kingdom and after he has given his Grants to the said Guides they are admitted as such before the Marshals of France These Guides wear the Kings Livery and are exempted from Billeting of Souldiers The Captain of the Guides is sworn by the High Constable of France when there is one or otherwise by the Eldest Marshal of France Of some other Officers necessary in Journies which depend on the Great Master of the Houshold viz. One Waggon-Master of the Kings Equipage that Conducts all the Equipage and commands all the Captains and takes his Orders from the Office of the Houshold This Office was Created in 1668. He has an allowance of 100 l. a Month out of the Chamber of Deniers when the Court is on its march along the Country and 50 l. a Month when it is at Paris and 400 l. besides extraordinary Wages for the extraordinary pains he takes for the Kings Service in doing what is order'd him by the Office allowed him upon the last Bill of every Quarter One Aid or Helping Waggon-Master whose Office was also Created the same year 1668. who has when the Court is at Paris 25 l. a Month and when it is on the march 50 l. a Month allowed him at the Chamber of Deniers We have already spoken of the Captain of the Mules of the Chamber in speaking of the said Chamber of which he depends Two Captains of the Carriages of the Kings Houshold who have a Salary of 300 l. a piece paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and besides at the Chamber of Deniers an allowance to them for the maintenance of fifty ordinary Horses at the rate of 23 d. a day for each Horse 57 l. 10 d. a day or 21045 l. a year They Conduct all the Carriages of the seven Offices when the Court marches either in Person or by their Servants One Captain-Keeper and Guardian-General of the Tents and Pavilions of the Court and of his Majesties Pavilions of War who has a Salary of 800 l. and 50 l. a Month extraordinary in time of Service and One Keeper of the Tents of the Courts of the Kitchins and of his Majesties Stables who is allowed 50 l. a Month at Paris and 100 l. a Month in the Country at the Chamber of Deniers CHAP. XX. Of the Judge of the Kings Court and Retinue who is the Provost of the Houshold or Great Provost of France THE Provost of the Kings Houshold or Great Provost of France is the ordinary Judge of the Kings Houshold The Title of Great Provost implies two things For first He is Judge of the Kings Houshold and Secondly He is Captain of a Company of a hundred Guards called the Guards of the Provostship which is another part of his Office in the Kings House We shall speak of him here only as in the first quality reserving the latter till we come to the Military Officers of the Houshold His Office is one of the ancientest of the Kings Houshold and one may say that in the Jurisdiction which he retains of administring Justice to all the Kings Officers and other Persons that follow the Court he has succeeded the antient Count or Mayor of the Palace which
there are 1. A Governour in Chief The Count de Pas de Feuquieres 2. A Lieutenant M. de Pimodan 4. In the Country of Verdun are 1. The Governour in Chief The Count de Vaubecourt Town and Cittadel of Verdun The Marquiss de Feuquieres Governour in Chief 2. In the Town M. des Crochets Lieutenant In the Cittadel M. de la Pornerie Lieutenant 16. In the Government of Lorrain and the Country of Bar there are 1. A Governour in Chief ............ 2. Nancy The Marquiss de Joyeuse Governour 3. Longvy M. de Matthieu de Castelas Governour 4. Saar-Loüis M. de Choisy Governour The Chevalier Perrin Lieutenant 5. Castle of Traerback near Saar-Louis M. de Bar Commander In Luxemburg and its Dependances which are placed under this Government are 1. Luxemburg taken in 1684. The Marquiss de Lambert Governour 2. Castle of Rodenac near Thionville M. de la Brugêre Commander 3. Thionville M. d' Espagne Governour M. d' Argelé Lieutenant 4. Montmidy The Marquiss de Vandy Governour M. de Haulles Lieutenant 17. In the Government of the County of Rousillon and other Acquisitions towards Spain are 1. A Governour in Chief The Duke de Noailles 2. A Lieutenant-General The Count de Chazeron The Governours of the Frontier Places are 1. Of the Town and Cittadel of Perpignan The Duke de Noailles Governour In the Town M. de la Robertiere Lieutenant In the Cittadel M. de la Caussade Lieutenant 2. Colioure The Chevalier d' Aubeterre Governour M. de Marsolier Lieutenant 3. Salces M. de St. Abre Governour M. de Manse Lieutenant 4. Bellegarde M. du Breuil Commander M. Pitoux Lieutenant 5. Mont-Louis or Mount Lewis Vrban de Fortia Governour M. de Long-Pré Lieutenant Ville-Franche M. Fisicat Governour M. Perlan de Sagne Lieutenant 6. Of the Fort and Village of the Baths or Les Bains and the Town of Arles M. de Boirre-Cloux Commander 7. Pratz de Moliou M. de la Caze Commander There is besides in Piedmont the Province Town and Cittadel of Pignerol and Forts of St. Brigitte and of Perouse with the Vallies Countries and Dependances of it of which 1. The Governour General is The Marquiss de Herleville The Lieutenant M. de Vercantiere In the Cittadel M. de la Mothe de la Myre-Rissan 2. Cazal the Capital of which is Montferrat Under the Duke of Mantua Don Pedro de Gonzaga The Governour is The Dukes Natural Uncle The Governour of the Cittadel and French Troops is M. de Catinat The Lieutenant M. de L' Isle The Commissary of War Policy c. M. de Chassenay 3. Of Morgues or Monaco Under the Prince who is Governour and Captain of it the Kings Lieutenant is M. de la Ronsiere The Ordinary General and Provincial-Commissary for the War and for the Conduct and Mustering of the Troops in Garrison at Pignerol and in all the aforesaid Places and Dependances is the aforesaid M. de Chassenay de Luynes In America 1. The Governour or Commander of New France is The Marquiss of Nonville 2. Of the Islands The Count de Blênac Towns that remain to the King by the Pyrenean Treaty made in 1659. Arras Hesdin Bapaume Bethune Lilers Lens St. Paul Terouane Pas Graveline Fort of St. Philip Sluys and Hannuin Bourburg St. Venant Landrecy Le Quesnoy and all their Bayliwicks Marienburg and Philip-ville in Exchange of La Bassée and St. Vinox which latter is since too in the French Possession Avenne Thionville Montmidy and Damvilliers The Provostships of Ivy of Chavancy of Marville Rocroy le Câtelet and Limchamp The County of Rousillon and that of Conflans and that part of the County of Cerdana on this side the Pyreneans Upper and Lower Alsatia Suntgau the County of Ferrette Brisac and its Dependencies The King after he had caused the Fortifications of Nancy to be demolished had by a Treaty of Peace restored the late Duke of Lorrain to the Possession of the Dutchy of Lorrain and to those Towns Places and Countries that he formerly possest depending of the three Bishopricks of Mets Toul and Verdun excepting Moienvie the whole Dutchy of Bar the County of Clermont the Places of Stenay Dun and Jamets and of the three Bishopricks And since that the said late Duke last Deceased Resigned to the King of France his Propriety and Soveraignty of the Dutchies of Lorrain and Bar which Donation was verified in the Parliament in the Month of February 1662. By the Treaty of Peace at Aix la Chapelle the 2d of May 1668. It is stipulated That the M. C. King shall retain remain seised of and injoy effectively all the Places Forts Parts Towns and Posts that his Arms have occupied or Fortified during the Campaign of the preceding year viz. The Fortress of Charleroy the Towns of Binch and Aethe the Places of Doway including the Fort of Scarp Tournay Oudenarde L'Isle Armentiêres Courtray Bergues and Furnes and of the whole extent of their Bayliwicks Chatellanies or Castellanies Territories Governments Provostships Appurtenances Dependencies and Annexions by what name soever they be called with the same rights of Soveraignty Propriety Rights of Regality Patronage Guardianship Jurisdiction Nomination Prerogatives and Preeminences over the Bishopricks Cathedral Churches and other Abbies Priories Dignities Cures and other Benefices within the Extent of those Countries The Fortifications of several places in which there is now no Governour have been demolished as those of Chateau-Renaut and Linchamp Donchery Damvilliers Jamets Râ—â— Corbie Furnes Armentieres Binch Sirk Moienvie Mouzon Grey Huy St. Venant c. By the Treaty of Peace concluded between France and Spain at Nimmeguen the 17th of September 1678. The Most Christian King is to injoy effectively the whole County of Burgundy commonly called the Franche Comté and the Towns Places and Countries thereon depending including therein the Town of Besancon and its District or Precinct as also the Towns of Valenciennes and its Dependances Bouchain and its Dependances Cambray and Cambresis or the Country of Cambray Aire St. Omer and their Dependances Ypres and its Castellany Warwick and Warneton on the Lys Poperinghen Bailleul and Cassel with their Dependancies Bavay and Maubenge with their Dependancies besides the Town of Dinant and in case the King of Spain be not able to obtain of the Bishop and Chapter of Liege the Cession of Dinant with the consent of the Emperour and Empire with a year to be reckoned from the day of the date of the Ratification of the Treaty of Peace between the Emperour and the Most Christian King the King of Spain obliges himself and promises to yield the Town of Charlemont to the King of France And some Villages there were to be Exchanged By the Treaty of Peace concluded at Nimmeguen the 5th of February 1679. the Town and Cittadel of Friburg in Brisgaw with the three Villages Lehn Metthausen and Kirchzart and their Banlieus or Liberties is to remain to the King of France And the passage from Brisac to Friburg is to
they only we find that Philip the Long about the year 1318. took a double upon every pound of Salt and that under Charles the Fifth this Duty was already united to the Domain or Revenue of the Crown-Lands contrary to the opinion of those that attribute the establishment of it to Philip de Valois In the Ordinance of King Francis the First made in the year 1542. It is said that a Muid of Salt shall be sold for 20 Livers The Gabels or Duties on Salt were sold by Henry the Second to the Inhabitants of the Countries of Poitou Xaintonge Aunis Angoulême Higher and Lower Limosin and the Higher and Lower March of Perigord in the year 1553. and those Provinces for that reason are called the Countries of free Salt The Town of Callice and the Reconquer'd Countries when they came from under the Dominion of the English to return to the Obedience of the French Monarchs demanded likewise the same priviledge of having their Salt free There are three Parties or Divisions for the Gabels viz. 1. That of the Country of Lyons or Languedoc 2. That of the Dauphinate and Provence And 3. That of the rest of France which is called the Grand Party The Farmers of the Gabels are obliged to buy all the Salt at the Salt-Pits at a certain price to pay there the Kings Duties and to convey it at their own Charges Perils and Fortunes to the Granaries established by the King where they are to deliver out the Salt to the People by a Commissioner for that purpose There are certain Officers established over the several Granaries which are One President two Granateers or Granary-Keepers three Comptrollers and one Advocate and one Proctor for the King who issue Process out against such as make bad Salt and judge of the goodness of the Salt and of the quantity requisite for the extent-of their Jurisdiction look after the Weights and Measures and take care it be not sold above the Kings set price The Salt is distributed two ways viz. By way of Imposition or voluntarily according to the discretion and will of the Buyers They that Inhabit within the extent of the Granaries of Impost which are fixed in the Frontier Parts of the Kingdom or that live near the Countries that have the priviledge of free Salt from whence Salt may be easily brought to them are obliged to take every year a certain quantity of Salt proportionable to their Family but at the voluntary Granaries every one takes but what he pleases And so you see that the Gabel is personal at the Granaries of Imposts and real only at the Voluntary Granaries CHAP. XLVII A List of the other receiving Offices the Monies and Incomes of which are yearly returned into the Exchequer or Treasure Royal. 1. THE Forain of Languedoe and of Provence 2. The five Great or Gross Farms 3. The Convoy of Bourdeaux 4. The Customs of Bayonne 5. The Farm of Brouage 6. The Growths or Products of Ingrande 7. The Farm of the River of Seine at the places granted out 8. The 9 Livers and 18 pence of Picardie 9. The ancient 10 pence of Paris 10. The new 10 pence of Paris 11. The 30 Sols or Pence of Paris 12. The Domain or Crown-Lands of Languedoc 13. The ancient Crown-Lands of Navarre 14. The new Crown-Lands of Navarre 15. The Lands of Queen Margaret 16. The Crown-Lands of Chateau-Regnault 17. The Crown-Lands of the Queen-Mother 18. The Iron Farm 19. The Farms of the Duties on Paper and the Comptrol of the Offices relating to it 20. The Duties on Ashes Gravel and Soder 21. The Customs of Lyons 22. The Sale of the Forests and Woods of the Isle of France Generality of Paris and of Soissons Orleans Tours Chaalons Roüen Caen and County of Perche Part of the Crown Lands whose Revenues were formerly received by the Receivers-General of some Generalities The Parties Casual or Casual Revenue The Frank Fiéfs or Free-hold and several other Duties and Revenues CHAP. XLVIII Of the Treasury-Royal of the Keeper of the Treasury-Royal and of the Treasurers of the Parties Casual or Casual Revenue THE Treasure-Royal or Exchequer formerly called L' Epargne or Spare-Treasury is in France what the Aerarium Populi was at Rome It is as 't were a Sea into which all the Receiving Offices as well general as particular of the Taxes Taillons Subfistance-Money and in fine of the Kings whole Revenue like so many Rivulets and Rivers discharge themselves and in which all the Treasurers establisht for the payment and delivering the Kings Money come and take the summs needful for the Administration of their several Offices as for the expences of the Royal Housholds for the payment of the Souldiery who have their Treasurers both Ordinary and Extraordinary which are the Treasurers for the Ordinary and the Treasurers for the Extraordinary Expences of the Wars The Treasurers of the Navy who have charge of the payment of the Naval Army and of all the Ships the King puts to Sea The Treasurers of the Fortifications The Pay-Masters of the Rents of the Guildhall or Town-House of Paris and the Pay-Masters of the Officers of the Sovereign Courts with many others The Treasurer of the Epargne or Spare-Treasure was put in the place of the Ancient Receiver-General by Francis the First Henry the second made that Office Alternative so that in his time there were two The Late King Lewis the Thirteenth made it Triennial as he did all the other Offices that were accountable or handled Money and during this Kings Minority they were about to make it Quadriennial or to be executed by four every one in his year as likewise all the other accountable Offices The King used to stile them the Counsellours and Treasurers of his Epargne or Spare-Treasure They that possessed these Offices had 12000 Livers Salary and three Deniers out of every Liver they handled and every time they handled it whether in receiving or paying it and so took the said Deniers every time any Money was brought to or carried out of the said Treasury which amounted to a very great summ At present this Office is alternatively executed by M. Steven Jehannot de Bartillat and M. Gedeon de Mets under the Title of Keepers of the Treasury-Royal The Keepers of the Treasury-Royal usually pays every year all the Gifts and Gratuities given by the King or otherwise they give in lieu of them assignations or Bills acquitting the Parties of so much as the King has been pleased to grant them There are three Offices of Treasurer of the Parties Casual or Casual Revenue viz. The ancient one the Alternative one and a Quadriennial one was going to be established but that the three first bought off this fourth Office Formerly there was but one at the time of the establishment of the venality of accountable Offices by Lewis the Twelfth Their Office is to receive all the Money arising from the Sale of Offices but since the time of Henry the Great
THE Present State OF FRANCE Containing A General Description OF THAT KINGDOM Corrected and purged from the many Gross Mistakes in the French Copy enriched with Additional Observations and Remarks of the New Compiler and digested into a Method Conformable to that of The State of ENGLAND By R. W. M. A. LONDON Printed for Gilbert Cownly at the Popes-Head in the Lower-Walk of the New-Exchange in the Strand 1687. TO THE Right Honourable RICHARD Lord Vicount Preston IN THE Kingdom of SCOTLAND And One of his Majesties Most Honourable Privy-Council MY LORD THis being my first Essay in Print I thought I could not but in duty present it to your Lordship as being a Description of that Renowned Court and Kingdom wherein your Lordship as upon a Most Illustrious Theater Signaliz'd your Self with so much Reputation to your Self and Country and Mutual Satisfaction to those great Princes between whom you were so successful an Instrument of that good Correspondence that has not a little Contributed to the Happiness of Both Monarchies the most Flourishing at present of Europe And indeed France my Lord being the Place too wherein I was honoured and made happy by so many of your Lordship's Favours what more Congruous Mark could I give you of the Lasting and deeply Impressed Sense I have of them than the Present I humbly make you of France it Self or at least of this small Prospect of so vast a Monarchy A Present which though perhaps inconsiderable on the account of the Imperfections it may have contracted from it's Author will I hope be grateful in respect of its noble Subject and by your accustomed Goodness be accepted as a Cordial Testimony of the real Gratitude and Profound Respect I have and shall ever preserve for your Honour of whom I am My Lord The most humble and most devoted Servant R. Wolley THE PREFACE TO THE READER Courteous Reader YOV have in this Treatise the Portraicture of a great and Flourishing Monarchy viz. The Present State of France as it now is under the Government of the Potent and Victorious Prince Lewis the Fourteenth Sirnamed the Great It is very different from that which formerly appeared under the same Title and though a great deal of the matter be taken out of the latest and best Edition of the French Author on that subject yet it is not altogether a Translation and for your better and clearer understanding of what is remarkable in a Country of the particularities of which our Nation above all others is most curious I have Explained all Passages needing Explication added many Observations of my own made during ten Years Travel and Converse in that Magnificent and splendid Court and digested the Whole into a Method as conformable as the matter would suffer to that observed by the Worthy and Ingenious Author of The Present State of England and consequently if I be not mistaken rendred both the Book and the Country much more intelligible to an English Reader than it was before when it was so far from being Illustrated that it was hardly half Translated and left in many of the most material Places almost as much French as in the Original and done in a very perplexed Method which allay'd much the Pleasure of the Reader who I hope will peruse this with more satisfaction and delight Farewel ☞ Note That l. after the several Summs signifies Livers which is something more in value than eighteen pence English and that d. signifies Deniers or Sols which is in value somewhat loss than a Penny English THE Present State OF FRANCE Of France in general CHAP. I. Of its Name Climate Dimensions Divisions Air Soil Commodities Riches Trade Moneys Weight Measures and Buildings THIS Famous Country has its present Name as by most Authors is agreed from the Franci or Franks a People of Germany who seized upon those parts of it nearest the Rhine in the time of Valentinian the Third and having afterward subdued Paris and made it the Seat-Royal of their growing Empire caused the Country thereabouts to be called FRANCE Which Name as they enlarged their Borders they communicated to the rest of the Country and those parts of Germany also that were Conquered by them The Ancient Name was Gallia or Gaul and the people were called Galli or Gauls and with those that write in Latin the ancient name is still in use It is scituated between the degrees of 15 and 29 of Longitude and between 42 and 51 of Latitude in the Northern Temperate Zone between the middle Parallel of the fifth Clime where the longest day is 15 hours and 12 Minutes and the middle Parallel of the Eighth Clime where the longest day is 16 hours and a half It is bounded on the North with the Brittish Ocean and some parts of the Netherlands on the South with part of the Pyrenean Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea on the East with a branch of the Alps and the Countries of Savoy Switzerland and some parts of Germany and the Rhine and on the West by the Aquitanian Sea and the rest of the Pyrenean Mountains The figure of it is according to most squarish and to others roundish or tending to an Oval but all agree that it is almost of equal extent every way and much about 200 Leagues or 600 Miles according to the common account of 3 Miles to a League which is an account by which most Geographers mightily inlarge the extent of other Countries and make England much less than it is for I have observed they reckon all by 3 Miles to a common League whereas I never could find that a common French League was more than 2 common Miles and if it be said that in some places they have much longer Leagues that is balanced by answering that in some parts of England there are likewise very long Miles An eminent Geographer reckons it 660 Italian Miles in length 570 in breadth and 2040 in compass and makes it contain 200 Millions of Arpens of Land which is a measure something more than an Acre The Ancient Gallia or Gaul was distinguisht by several Divisions but as not intending a History but only a short Description I shall take notice of but only two made by the Romans after they became Masters of this Country from the time of Julius Caesar by whom it was divided into these four parts viz. 1. Narbonensis is called so from the City of Narbon then a Roman Colony containing Languedoc Provence Dauphiny and some part of Savoy called also Braccata from the wild habit worn by the people 2. Aquitanica so called from the City of Aquae Augustae now D' Acqu's in Guienne lying upon the Pyrenees and the wide Ocean comprehending the Provinces of Gascoyn Guienne Xiantoygne Limosin Quercy Perigort Berry Bourbonnois and Auvergne extending from the Pyrenees to the River Loyre 3. Celtica so named from the valiant Nation of the Celtae also Lugdunensis from the City of Lyons and Comata from the long hair
1668 who Married Madamoiselle of Nantes Lewise Francise of Bourbon legitimated of France the 24th of July 1685. 3. Anne-Lewise of Bourbon called Madamoiselle of Enguien Born at Paris the 11th of August 1675. 4. Lewise-Benedicte of Bourbon called Madamoiselle de Condé Born the 8th of November 1676. and 5. Marie-Anne of Bourbon called Madamoiselle de Montmorency Born the 24th of February 1678. The King Restored to the Prince at the time of the Pyrenean Treaty the County of Clermont Steney and Dun and that of Jamets and since he has given him the Domain of the Country of Bourbon being the ancient Patrimony of this Royal Branch before it came to the Crown This Princes only Brother was the late Armand of Bourbon Prince of Conti Governour of Languedoc Knight of the Kings Orders he was Born at Paris the 8th of October 1629. and died at Pezenas the 21st of February 1666. He Married Anne-Marie Martinozzi Niece to the late Cardinal Mazarine who died the 3d of February 1672. by whom he left two Princes who were brought up with the Dauphin which were 1. The late Prince of Conti Lewise-Armand of Bourbon Born the 4th of March 1661. and Baptized the last of February 1662. The King and the late Queen Mother being his Godfather and Godmother who named him Lewis he died at Fountain-bleau the 9th of November 1685. on the 16th of January 1680. he Married Madamoiselle de Blois Marie-Anne legitimated of France The King gave then to this Prince 50000 Crowns ready money and a yearly Pension of 25000 Crowns and to the Princess a Million of Livers ready money with a yearly Pension of 100000 Livers and many Jewels besides the Dutchy of Vaujours she had besides as Heiress all that was left by her Brother the late Count of Vermandois High Admiral of France 2. The Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon Francis Lewis of Bourbon at present Prince of Conti Born the 30th of April 1664. The King has given him a Pension of 20000 Crowns a year 3. Anne-Genevieve of Bourbon only Sister to the present Prince of Condé was Born the 27th of August 1639. and died the 15th of April 1679. She Married Henry the second of that Name Duke of Longueville There still-remains of the Family of Bourbon the Princess of Carignan named Marie de Bourbon-Soissons Born in 1606. Wife of the Deceased Prince Thomas and Mother of Prince Emanuel Philbert Prince of Carignan in Savoy of the late Count of Soissons Eugenius-Maurice of Savoy and of the Princess of Baden And Lewis Son of Lewis of Bourbon Count of Soissons Cousin German of the late Henry the Second of that Name Prince of Condé who died in 1641. He is called Knight of Soissons being Knight of Malta and Abbot de la Couture in Manse We have hitherto named only those Princes in France which are such without being obliged for that honour to any thing else but their Birth but the Princes of Courtnay pretend they ought likewise to be comprised having made great instances to that purpose under the reign of Henry the Great Representing that they were descended in a direct Male Line from Peter of France Seventh Son of King Lewis the Sixth Sirnamed the Grosse which because they have not as yet been acknowledged such we shall pass by and speak of some other Princes and Princesses descended from the House of France who because they are natural Children or their Descendants of the Royal Family Born out of Legal Matrimony have need of Letters of Legitimation or of a publick act by which they may be acknowledged of Royal Issue and enjoy the Rank of Princes which the Kings Natural Children so Legitimated and their Descendants have always had in France CHAP. VII Of the Legitimated Children of the Present King 1. THE first Legitimated Child of the Present King is Marie-Anne of Bourbon Legitimated of France Natural Daughter of the present King and of Lewise-Francise de la Baume le blanc de la Valiere Dutchess of Vaujour c. formerly one of the Maids of Honour to the late Dutchess of Orleans Henriette-Anne of Great-Brittain who is at present a professed Nun in the Great Convent of the Carmelitesses into which Order she entred the 4th of June 1675. under the Name of Sister Lewise of Mercy This young Princess was Born in October 1666. and as we have already remarked is now the Widow of the late Prince of Conti to whom she was Married the 16th of January 1680. having had no Children by him Her Letters of Legitimation were verified in Parliament the 14th of May 1667. 2. Her Brother by the same Mother was the late Lewis Legitimated of France Count of Vermandois and High-Admiral or Grand-Master of the Seas Head and Super-Intendant General of the Commerce and Navigation of France who was Born the 2d of October 1667. and died at Courtray the 18th of November 1681. at five a Clock in the Morning and was Interred in the Cathedral Church of Arras leaving all he had to the said Lady his Sister His Letters of Legitimation bear date the 20th of February 1669. in which he is stiled Duke of Vermandois Other Legitimated Children of France by Madam de Montespan 1. Lewis-Augustus of Bourbon Legitimated of France Duke of Maine Soveraign Prince of Dombes and Colonel General of the Suisses and Grisons c. Born the last of March 1670. and Legitimated the 19th of December 1673. The Soveraignty of Dombes was given him by Madamoiselle Anne-Marie of Orieans in the Month of March 1682. reserving only the profits to her self during her Life 2. Lewis Caesar of Bourbon Legitimated of France Count de Vexin Born in 1672. Legitimated the 19th of December 1673. 3. Madamoiselle of Nantes named Lewise-Francise of Bourbon Legitimated of France the 19th of December 1673. who was Married to the Duke of Bourbon the 24th of July 1685. 4. Madamoiselle de Tours named Lewise-Marie-Anne of Bourbon who was Legitimated of France in January 1676. and died in September 1681. 5. Lewis-Alexander of Bourbon Earl of Toulouse and at present Great Admiral of France and Colonel of the Regiment of Toulouse Bornthe 6th of June 1678. and Legitimated of France in Novem. 1681. 6. Madamoiselle of Blois Francise-Marie of Bourbon who was also Legitimated of France in November 1681. CHAP. VIII Of the Legitimated Children of Henry the Great and their Descendants 1. BY the Lady Gabriele d' Etrées Dutchess of Beaufort one of Henry the Great 's Mistresses during his first Marriage he had First Caesar Duke of Vendome Born in the Month of June 1594. The second Alexander of Vendome Grand Prior of France who died in the Wood of Vincennes and the Third Catharine-Henriette who Married the Duke of Elbeuf last deceased The deceased Caesar of Vendome Duke of Vendome c. was Born in the Month and Year abovesaid at Coucy-le Chateau His Majesty Legitimated him in 1595. and gave him the Dukedom and Peerage of Vendome in 1598. and caused
him to take both that Name and the Arms belonging to it The same Year a Marriage was treated off between him and Françise of Lorrain of Mercoeur only Daughter and Heiress Apparent of Philip-Emanuel of Lorrain Duke of Mercoeur and of Marie of Luxemburg Princess of Martigues who died the 8th of September 1669. which Marriage was Consummated in 1609. He took the Oath of Duke and Peer in Parliament in 1606. He was Governour and Lieutenant-General for the King in Brittany which Place he Resigned in favour of the Queen Regent in the Month of May 1650. for that of High Admiral of France The Crosses and disgraces this Prince had met withal having nothing abated his Zeal for the service of the King and State He died in his Palace at Paris the 22d of October 1665. leaving three Children behind him 1. Lewis Duke of Vendome and Mercoeur Governour of Provence c. and afterward Cardinal who before he was Cardinal Married in the year 1651. Victoria-Mancini Niece to the Late Cardinal Mazarine who died the 8th of January 1657. And died himself at Aix the 6th of August 1669. leaving two Sons by this Marriage of whom we shall speak below 2. His Brother Francis of Vendome Duke of Beaufort Peer of France Knight of the Kings Orders High Admiral or Grand Master of the Seas Head and Super-intendant General of the Commerce and Navigation of France was Born at Paris in the Month of January 1616. and was in April 1669. declared by his Holiness General of all the Forces of Christendom sent to the Relief of Candia and never could be found or heard of since that unhappy attack given by the French to the Turks the 25th of June 1669. He was never Married 3. Their Sister was named Isabel of Vendome and died in May 1664. being the Widow of the late Duke of Nemours Charles-Amedeus of Savoy by whom she left two Daughters as we shall remark afterward The two Sons of the abovesaid Cardinal Duke of Vendome during his said Marriage are yet living and are 1. Lewis-Joseph of Vendome Duke of Vendome c. Great Senechal and Governour of the Country and County of Provence c. was Born the first of July 1654. He won the prize at running at Heads performed at St. Germains in February 1680. and that at running at the Ring the 2d of May the same year 2. Philip of Vendome Grand Prior of France Knight of St. John of Jerusalem c. was Born the 22d of August 1656. The same Henry the Great had during his second Marriage by the Lady Henriette of Balsac D' Antragues Marchioness of Vernueil a Son and a Daughter being 1. The late Henry of Bourbon Duke of Vernueil c. who on the 29th of October 1668. Married Charlote Seguier Dutchess Dowager of Sully who died without Children the 28th of May 1682. 2. The late Gabriele of Bourbon first Wife to the Deceased Duke of Epernon by whom she had the Duke of Candale who died at Lyons and a Daughter who is a Carmelite Nun. By the Lady Jaqueline de Bueil Countess of Moret he had Antony of Bourbon Count of Moret who was killed at the Battel of Castelnau d' Ary in 1632. Lastly By the Lady Charlotte of Essars Countess of Remorantin his fourth Mistress the said King had two Daughters viz. The Lady Joan-Baptist of Bourbon Abbess and Chief of the Order of Fontevrault who was Born in 1608. and died the 16th of January 1669. and the Lady Marie-Henriette of Bourbon Abbess of Chelles who is likewise dead CHAP. IX Of the House of Longueville THE late Henry of that Name Duke of Longueville c. Died at Roan the 11th of May 1663. at the Age of 69 years He Married as we have said the present Prince of Conde's Sister by whom he had two Sons viz. 1. John-Lewis-Charles of Orleans of Longueville called The Abbot of Orleans Duke of Longueville and d' Estouteville Count de Dunois or the Country of Dun c. was Born the 12th of January 1646. and took the Order of Priesthood in 1669. 2. Charles of Orleans Duke of Longueville Count of St. Pauls his Brother was killed at the memorable passage of the Rhine near Tolbuys in Holland the 12th of June 1672. leaving only a natural Son called the Chevalier Longueville who was Legitimated the same year Their Sister by the Fathers side by a former Wise was Anne-Marie of Orleans who was Born the 5th of March 1625. being Widow of Henry of Savoy last Duke of Nemours This Family descended in a direct Male Line from John Natural Son to Lewis of France Duke of Orleans Brother to Charles the Sixth This Count de Dunois did such brave Exploits in the reign of Charles the Seventh against the English under the Names of the Bastard of Orleans and of Count de Dunois That he obtained for his Posterity very singular Priviledges and such as never before or since him were ever granted to any Natural Children but those of the Kings themselves After the Princes of the Blood and those which are Legitimated I thought good to subjoin those Families that the King suffers to enjoy some particular honours which other Dukes and Peers are not allowed which are called Stranger-Princes CHAP. X. Of Stranger-Princes THese Princes though born in France and truly French by Nation yet are called Strangers because they are originally descended from a Foreign House and Principality and bear its Name As those of the House of Lorain Savoy and others of which we shall here speak It is almost impossible to regulate the point of Precedence among the Soveraign Families setled in France and therefore not to meddle with those disputes I shall follow the Order of the time of their respective setling here And since the Branches of the House of Lorain that for these many Ages have been setled in this Kingdom have longer enjoyed the Bank of Princes in France than those of the House of Savoy I hope none will take it ill that I give them the first place for as for the Precedence of some other Houses there being as yet almost nothing determined in France on that subject I shall leave it wholly to the Reader to think of that point what he pleases Of the House of Lorain The better and more distinctly to describe to you all the Princes and Princesses of the House of Lorain that are at present living I shall divide the Family into five Branches and accordingly shall speak first Of the first Branch of Lorain The late Charles the Third of that Name Duke of Lorain who died of a Feaver at Cologne the 17th of September 1675. at the Age of 75 Years Married on the 22d of May 1621. his Cousin-German Nicole of Lorain eldest Daughter of the deceased Henry Duke of Lorain This Charles Duke of Lorain was detained a long time Prisoner in Spain which was the cause that the Princess Nicole Dutchess of Lorain not being willing to fall into the same Misfortune
allowance of 131 l. 12 d. a Month for their Diet. The Super-Intendant of the Musicks Office is to examine the Voices and Instruments that compose it that so his Majesty may have good Musick All that is to be sung by this Musick is first to be concerted in his presence and he may if he please keep a Page with him There are two Masters of the Children of the Musick who have the charge of keeping and instructing the three Pages of the Musick of the Chamber and have a Salary of 720 l. These Masters in the absence of the Super-intendant officiate for him There is one Composer of the Musick who may if he please be always doing and beating the Measures of his Works before they come to be examined by the Super-Intendant He that now enjoys this place is the Famous Baptist Lully an Italian by Nation whose Salary is 600 l. There are besides several Singers and Players on Instruments belonging to this Musick who have each a Salary of 600 l. and an allowance of 800 l. for their Diet and 80 Crowns for their Horses to follow the Court. There is likewise a Band of Violins called still the great Band of 24 though they be at present 25 who have each a Salary of 365 l. and play at the Kings Dinner and at Balls and Comedies And another lesser Band called the little Violins in number 21 who have each 600 l. Salary They follow the King along the Country and commonly play at his Supper and at Balls and other his Majesties Recreations with whom at certain Ceremonies as at Coronations Entries into Towns Marriages and other great Solemnities and Rejoicings the other Band of the Violins of the great Stables together with the Hoboys and other Musick of which we shall speak in their place are made to play There is likewise one Usher in Ordinary and Advertiser of the Balets and one Keeper of the Musick-Instruments instead of the two Dwarfs which were used to be specified in the Book of Establishment who have each a Salary of 300 l. Note that whether it be to insinuate the Grandeur of the Kings and Sons of France above all other Soveraign Princes or for some other reason is uncertain it is the Custom in the Court of France that when the Musick of the Kings Chamber by his Majesties Order goes to play before any of the Princes of the Blood except the Sons of France or before any other Princes though they be Soveraign if those Princes put on their Hats the Musick of the Kings Chamber put on their Hats too Thus they did before the Duke of Lorrain at Nantes in the year 1626. but at Perpignan in the year 1642. the Prince of Morgues being told of this Priviledge choser rather to hear the Musick Bare-headed The same thing was observed at the Palace of Mazarin before the Princes of Modena and Mantua in presence of the late Cardinal Mazarin Of the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold They were Created by Henry the Third to the number of 48 but Henry the Great reduced them to 24. They are entred upon the Book of Establishment and divided into two Bodies as serving each their half year although they observe not so exactly that Order in Waiting The last King Lewis the XIII having exiled one of these Gentlemen and given his place to another the Queen Anne of Austria being Regent re-establisht him that was Exiled without Discarding the other that held his place so that and since that another place was added by way of recompense to a Gentleman for Voyages he had made to Constantinople both which places are still continued so that there are at present 26 but the number to which Henry the IV. reduced them was but 24. They ought to keep near the Kings Person to receive his Commands and when the King has any business to negotiate in Foreign Countries any Troops to be conducted to the Army or to be disposed of into Winter-Quarters when he has occasion to have his pleasure Communicated in the Provinces of his Kingdom and in the Parliaments and Soveraign Courts he commonly makes use of these Gentlemen in Ordinary He likewise makes use of them in all Complements of Congratulation or Condoleance he has a mind to send to other Kings and Sovereign Princes upon any subject of Joy or Affliction befallen them or when he would sound their intentions in any actions that seem to have been done by their Ministers and owned by them as also when he is pleased so far to honour any of the Princes and great Lords of his Kingdom so far as to send to visit them or to present them any Dignities Offices or Marks of Honour from him When the King goes to the Army they have the honour to be his Aids de Camp and if any Prisoners of note be taken his Majesty charges them with the Conduct of them so far as to the Fortresses where his pleasure is to have them kept They are also appointed by the King to attend on Princes and Princesses Exiled that come into France At the Funeral Solemnities of any Children of France they have the Honour to hold up the Corners of the Pall. The King usually commits to them the Government of some young Prince or other They have every of them a Salary of 2000 l. a year which is paid them at the Treasure-Royal upon an establishment apart They had formerly too a Table to themselves but at present they eat at the old Table of the Great Master otherwise called the Table of the Masters of the Houshold They had once a Chief over them who was the Constable of Luynes who had been one of them but they desired his Majesty they might have no more Nor has this Order of Gentlemen onely produced one Constable but several Marshals of France and Knights of the King Orders as the Marshal de Toiras the Marshal de Marillac and several others And because in all Books of Establishments made for the Kings Houshold the Physicians and other Officers relating to the preservation or recovery of health are always placed next after those of the Chamber we shall therefore observe the same Order and speak now Of the Kings Physicians and other Officers of Health Under these two Titles are comprehended First The Physicians 2. The Chyrurgions 3. The Apothecaries 1. The Physicians are The Chief Physician has a Salary of 3000 l 2000 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers 16000 l. for his Maintenance 3000 l. for his Coach and abundance of other Gratuities and Perquisites He has a very great Power and can License any to practice Physick though they never passed the formalities of taking Degrees in that Science Note That the Chief Physician sometimes gives Orders in the Kitchin what Diet shall be provided for his Majesty and how when he is under a Course of Physick The first Physicians of the King the Queen the Dauphin and Dauphiness though they be not Doctors of the Faculty
the Kings Order and a fourth holds up the other end of the Coat of Arms And the chief Querry or in his absence the eldest Querry carries the Helmet or Head-piece adorned with a Crest-Royal The five Querries in Waiting that Quarter march a breast all in Mourning next after the Herse or Waggon of Arms which is drawn with Horses covered with Black-Velvet set with Crosses of White-Satin having about them several Pages in Mourning There are in the little Stable almost the same kind and the same number of Officers as in the great one viz. Three Querries in Ordinary where the Court is and a fourth at Paris The Pages there at present are twenty five besides two Hunting Pages All the Pages the King has in his Chamber Stables or elsewhere serve in the Armies as Aides de Camp under His Majesties own Aides de Camp The Pages of the little Stable when it is dark always carry before the King a white Wax-Flambo and when he goes a Hunting they help the Arquebuse or Arms-Carrier to carry his Majesties Fowling-pieces or Fusils One Governour of the Pages One Tutor of the Pages who has a Salary of 225 l. and an annual gratuity of 200 l. and his Lodging and Diet at the little Stable a Horse at command and a Servant in a Livery to wait on him One Almoner or Chaplain of the little Stable who has a Salary of 400 l. and his Lodging and Diet with a Horse and a Servant at the little Stable Four chief Valets or Waiting-men of the Pages waiting Quarterly who have every one 75 l. Wages and 50 l. gratuity One Cash-Keeper or Pay-Master who has a Salary of 300 l. and an annual gratuity of 1200 l. besides his Diet Lodging and Horse in the said little Stable One Physician four Chyrurgions one Apothecary one Vaulting-Master two Dancing-Masters two Fencing-Masters One Ambling-Master one Porte-Gaban or Felt-Cloke Carrier They have also other Masters to teach them all other necessary Exercises as for the Mathematicks Designing Blazoning and Writing and handling the Pike and Musket c. Four Harbingers Quarterly Waiters who have every one of them a Salary of 165 l. and a gratuity of 100 l. with their Diet Lodging and each of them a Horse One Usher in Ordinary of the Kitchin Two Servants or Grooms of the Pages in Ordinary Seventeen Footmen in Ordinary of the little Stable which are only so by Commission and not as standing Officers Four working Farriers quarterly Waiters twelve Masters or Head-Grooms Quarterly Waiters by six every other Quarter and 50 Aids or Helpers Several Chair-men or Sedan-men The King has at present twenty five gallant Sets of Horses consisting of ten Horses apiece and as many Master-Coachmen or Drivers of Coaches and Calcehes with their Postillions and Servants To know what Livery Officers belong to the Great and what to the little Stable as well Pages as Foot-men and others you must take notice which way their Coat-Pockets are made for the Officers of the Great-Stables Pockets are slit Cross-ways their Liveries and the others long-ways downward CHAP. XVIII Of the Chief-Surveyor or Super-Intendant of the Royal Buildings and of the Architects and other Officers under him and of the Keepers of the Kings Houses Parks and Forests THE Super-Intendant is stiled Super-Intendent and General Orderer of the Buildings of the Royal Houses and of his Majesties Gardens and Tapstries and of the Arts and Manufactures of France of which last he is the Great Monopolizer under the King and is at present Monsieur Louvois Secretary of State He is sworn at the Chamber of Accounts in which he has both Voice and Place Monsieur Louvois when he was sworn took his place there above the Dean of the Masters of the Accounts There are three other Intendents or Surveyors of the Building that serve yearly every one his year at 6000 l. Salary Three Comptrollers of the Buildings who have each of them a Salary of 5500 l. One Chief Architect who has a Salary of 6000 l. and a gratuity of 4000 l. Two Treasurers Of the Royal Houses and first of the Louvre This Palace was called the Louvre that is to say as some will have it L'oeeuvre that is The Work by way of Excellence as if it were a Master-piece of Architecture and from that the French call all their Kings Palaces and those of other Kings in other Countries Louvres in ordinary Speech The old Palace of the Louvre at Paris was begun by the Predecessors of Philip Augustus and was finished in his Reign in the year 1214. of which Building there still remained in the time of Francis the First a Tower called the Iron Tower which was in the middle of the Court which the said King caused to be demolished because it darkened the Palace In the year 1364. Charles the Fifth rebuilt and enlarged that Palace of which the Porches are still remaining About the year 1545 Francis the First begun to build the Great Hall of the Louvre which was finished by Henry the Second in 1548 Charles the Ninth and Henry the Third continued this Building but Henry the Great built those Magnificent and long Galleries that go from the Louvre to the Tuilleries by the Water-side and the Gallery of the Painters which was burnt down by a Fire that hapned on the 6th of February 1661. which likewise did some dammage to the other Galleries but all has been since repaired Queen Catharine of Medicis built the Apartment that Fronts the Tuilleries in 1564. Lewis the Thirteenth built the other side of the old Court of the Louvre and the Continuation of it from the Great Dome in the middle under which the Councel of Finances and of the Farms is held Lewis the Great at present happily reigning has built on both sides of the old Louvre what remained unfinished He likewise has built a Dome at the Corner of his Chamber and of the Gallery of the Painters which is as we have said at present rebuilt and larger than it was before Besides he has rebuilt the whole Palace of the Tuilleries and the Hall of the Machines or Engines And he has likewise caused much to be done in the inclosure of the first Court of the Louvre at the Portal and in several other places There are at the Palace of the Louvre as at all other Royal Houses A Captain of the Palace who has a Salary of 1200 l. upon the Revenues of Paris A Lieutenant at 400 l. Salary out of the same Revenues A Keeper of the Palace of the Louvre who is Porter of the first and second Gates who has a Salary of 120 l. paid out of the Crown-Revenues of Paris A Keeper of the Tennis-Court One Gardiner Four Morte-Paies or Standing Guards that wear the Kings Livery who have every one a Salary of 90 l. upon the general Revenue of Paris several Porters and a Clock-Keeper that have Wages and Diet and enjoy the usual Priviledges of the Kings menial Servants A
de la Chaize 4. The Bailiff of St. Stephen in the Forests that acts at Montbrison is The Marquiss d' Vrfé 5. The Bayliff of Beaujolois is The Marquiss de Sify To this Government belongs too the Country of Auvergne in which are 1. The Governour General The Duke of Boüillon 2. Two Lieutenants-General viz. A Lieutenant-General of High Auvergne The Chevalier de Noailles who is likewise Lieutenant-General of the Gallies 3. Two Seneschals viz Of Riom The Count d' Alêgre Of Clermont The Marquiss of Canillac Another Dependance is the Province of La Marche in which are 1. A Governour of both the Higher and Lower Province of that Name The Marquiss de St. Germain de Beaupré 2. The Lieutenant-General The Marquiss de la Val-Montmorency 3. The Seneschal of Gueret M. de L' Epau 4. The Seneschal of Dorat M. de Sainte Faire Another Dependance is the Country of Bourbon called Bourbonnois in which are 1. A Governour General The Marquiss de la Valiere 2. A Lieutenant-General The Marquiss of Levis Count of Charlus 12. In the Government of the Country of Orleans which is called the Government of the Countries of Orleans Blois Dune Sologne Chartrain and Vendôme are comprehended likewise besides what are mentioned in the Title The Provinces of Poitou Anjou Touraine or Country of Tours The Country of Saumur and the Government of Rochelle The Isle of Oleron and Ré The Province of Maine with le Perche and the Country of Laval Of Berry and of the Country called Nivernois which we shall take in Order 1. Then the Governour General of what is mentioned in the Title is The Marquiss d' Alluy 2. The Lieutenant-General of Orleannois or Country of Orleans is M. de Laude 3. The Bayliff The Marquiss d' Avarez 4. The Lieutenant-General of the Country of Blois or Blêsois The Marquiss de Thois 5. The Bayliff of the same is M. de Somery Governour of Chambor 6. The Lieutenant-General of the Country of Chartres The Chevalier de Bethune d' Orval 7. The Bayliff of Chartres M. de Servin 8. The Bayliff of Chateauneuf The Count de la Salle 9. The Governour of Orleans The Marquiss d' Alluye 10. The Governour of Chartres The Marquiss of Chatillon In the Province of Poitou are 1. A Governour General of High and Low Poitou and the Countries of Loudun and Chatelleraut The Duke de la Vieuville 2. Two Lieutenants-General viz. In High Poitou and the Countries abovesaid The Count de Parabére In Low Poitou The Count de Pardaillan 3. Two Seneschals of the Country of Poitou viz. one residing at Poitiers The Count d' Olonne de la Tremouille And another at Civray and Maixant M. de la Parisiere 4. The Governour and Lieutenant-General at Poitiers The Marquiss de la Bretêche 5. Loudun the Governour M. de Pyolens 6. Chatelleraut the Governour The Marquiss of Rivau In the Province of Anjou are 1. A Governour General The Count d' Armagnac 2. A Lieutenant-General The Marquiss de Varenne 3. A Seneschal The Marquiss de Sablé 4. The Governour of the Castle of Anger 's M. D' Antichamb 5. Of the Pont or Bridge of Cé M. de la Fons Governour In Touraine or the Country of Tours are these Governours 1. The Governour in chief of Touraine and of the Town of Tours The Marquiss d' Anjeau 2. The Lieutenant-General The Marquiss de Rusilly 3. The Bailiff of Tours and Chinon The Marquiss de Givry 4. The Bailiff of Lôches The Marshal d' Humieres 5. Amboise Town and Castle The Marquiss d' Alluye Governour and Bayliff Of the Country of Saumur of which depend Saumur Richelieu and Mirebeau the Governour of Rochelle and the Country of Aunis and The Count de Cominges Governour also of Saumur 1. The Governour General M ....... 2. The Lieutenant-General M. Millet Sub-Governour to the Dauphin 3. The Grand Seneschal The Count de Motes 4. Of the Town Towers and Haven of Rochelle M. de Guiry Governour 5 ....... M. du Sauzage 6. Isle and Cittadel of Oleron The Count de la Vaugade Governour 7. Isle de Ré and Fort de Prés M. d' Aubarêde Governour In the Province of Le Main le Perche and Laval there are 1. A Governour General The Marquiss de Ferraques 2. A Lieutenant-General The Count de Tessé 3. A Seneschal The Baron of Liscuet In the Province of Berry there are 1. A Governour in Chief The Prince de Soubize 2. A Lieutenant-General that is likewise Seneschal The Count de Crouy de Gaucourt In the Country of Nivernois are 1. A Governour in Chief The Duke of Nevers 2. A Lieutenant-General The Baron de Joux who is Marquiss of Vielbourg and Count de Miêne Other Countries and Governments Incorporated and Reunited to the Crown of France 13. The Government of Navarre and Bearn in which there are 1. A Chief Governour and Lieutenant-General The Duke of Gramont 2. A Lieutenant-General of Bearn The Marquiss de Rébenac de Feuquieres 14. In the Government of Alsatia are 1. A Chief Governour both of High and Low Alsatia who is Governour also of Brisac Town Cittadel and Castle and of La Fére Vitré and Port-Lewis The Duke de Mazarini 2. A Lieutenant-General The Duke of Montausier 3. In their Absence he that Commands in all Alsatia is M. de Monclar 4. Of Strasburg The Marquiss de Chamilly Governour 5. Of the Town of Brisac M. de la Chetardi Governour M. de Farges Lieutenant 6. Hunningen near Bâle The Marquiss de Puisieux Governour M. de la Sabliere Lieutenant 7. Schelestadt M. de Gondreville Governour M. de la Provenchére Lieutenant 8. Beffort M. St. Just Governour M. de Dampiere Lieutenant 9. La Petite Pierce M. Charle Commander 10. Friburg Capital City of Brisgau Town and Castle M. Du Fay Governour In the Town M. de Barége Lieutenant In the Castle M. de Roais Commander 15. In the Government of the three Bishopricks Mets Toul and Verdun there are In the Country and Bishoprick of Mets there are 1. A Chief Governour The Duke de la Ferte-Senneterre 2. A Lieutenant-General The Count de Vaubecourt 3. Town and Cittadel The Duke de la Ferté Governour M. le Roy Commander In the Town M. de Givry Lieutenant In the Cittadel M. de Beraut Lieutenant 2. In the Province County and Bishoprick of Toul there are 1. A Governour in Chief The Duke de Choiseul du Plessis Prâlin 2. A Lieutenant-General The Count de Feuquieres 3. Hombourg Town and Castle The Marquiss de la Bretêche Governour M. de la Gardette Commander 4. Bich Town and Castle M. de Bretêche Governour M. de la Guierle Lieutenant 5. Marsal The Marquiss de la Tournelle Governour M. de France Lieutenant 6. Faltsburg and Sareburg M. de Chamarande Governour M. de Boesse Lieutenant of Sareburg 7. Littemberg M. Bertrandi Commander 8. Castle of Landzcroon M. de Siffredi Commander 3. In the Province County and Bishoprick of Toul
comprehends a certain Territory in which Taxes are levied by Officers Elected for that purpose which is thence called an Election where all Causes relating to the said Levies or Taxes are pleaded primarily and at the first instance as they term it CHAP. XL. Of the Election of Paris THE Election of Paris comprehends 440 Parishes The Officers of the Court of this Election who sit in the Court of the Palace Assess and Rate the Taxes and judge all differences which arise about Taxes Aids Entries or Duties of Importation of Goods or Merchandises into Paris and about the five great Farms and in general all contestations that happen about the Imposition and Levying the Kings Revenues of what nature soever they be excepting only those of the Kings Crown Lands and Gabelles or Revenue on Salt The Appeals from their Sentences are made to the Court of Aids The days of Audience for the Kings Farms are Mundays and Thursdays in the Morning and for the Taxes on Wednesdays and Saturdays in the Morning The Officers belonging to the Court of the Election of Paris are A President who is Laurence de Chenevieres one Lieutenant one Assessour sixteen Counsellours Elect one Advocate and Proctor for the King one Substitute two Registrers one Chief Usher three Ushers-Audiencers eight Ushers of the Taxes and eight Proctors There are also in this Election two Receivers of Taxes c. One Honorary Counsellour Elect. CHAP. XLI Of the Granary of Salt at Paris THE Magazin or Granary of Salt at Paris is near the River at the end of the Pontneuf or New-Bridge where the Seat of the Court is established that was Erected to judge of all Contestations hapning about the Gabells or Duties on Salt and about the distribution of it and levying his Majesties Duties Appeals are made from this Court to the Court of Aids The Audience days in this Court are Wednesdays and Saturdays and in Winter Mundays too from the first of October to the first of February on the same dayes the Salt is distributed out to the people in the Afternoon The Officers belonging to this Court are Two Presidents three Granateers or Granary-Keepers three Comptrollers two Lieutenants two Comptrollers and Keepers of the Measures two Advocates and two Proctors for the King three Registrers these Registrers may make Deputies for the exercise of their Offices three Ushers Audiencers six Ushers and Serjeants of the Gabels eight Proctors thirty Measures of Salt sixty Carriers or Porters of Salt whereof thirty are of old and thirty of new Creation they are called the sworn Hanoüards ten Runners of Salt ten Bruisers twelve Comptrollers and Visiters of the Barillage or Barels of the Salt-Pits and Salt-Fish one Receiver at the Salt Granary and one Commissioner for business one Captain one Lieutenant some Brigadeers and fifteen Guards both on Horseback and on Foot Next to the ordinary Royal Courts of Judicature follow those of the City CHAP. XLII Of the Guildhall or Town-House of Paris NExt to the Governour of Paris who is now the Duke de Gêvres the other Officers of the Guildhall or Town-House called the Hotel de Ville are The Provost of the Merchants who is at present M. de Fourcy President of the third Chamber of Inquests four Echevins who are in the nature of Sheriffs twenty six Counsellours of the City the Kings Proctor for the City one Recorder one Receiver for the City sixteen Quarteniers together with Dixeniers or Decurions and Cinquanteniers which are certain Officers which are set over Wards and Precincts distinguished into the different numbers of 16 10 and 50. intimated in the Titles aforegoing There are 300 Guards called Archers belonging to the City who are divided into three Companies their Colonel is John Fournier There are likewise several Officers for Policy and keeping good Order as well for the Merchandises and Wares brought thither and for regulation of their Conveyance by the River and of all things vended at the several Keys and other places of Sale The Provost of the Merchants who is as 't were the Mayor of the City has a Jurisdiction in ordinary at the first Suit as well over the Rents of the City and over all causes and differences between the Townsmen and the Officers of the City in things relating to the Policy or good order of it or about the Wages and Salaries of the Officers These City-Magistrates set prices on all Wares and have the over-sight and inspection of all the Ports or Keys and of all Wheat or other Grain Wine Wood Coal Billets Hay Fish Apples Nuts and other Commodities The Officers of the Chatelet as we have remarked above are likewise Judges in matter of Policy and good Order and have power to set a price on Commodities CHAP. XLIII Of the Judges Consuls THE Judges who are called Judges and Consuls hold their Court of Judicature behind the Church of St. Mederick They take cognisance of all Causes that relate to trading or dealing between Merchant and Merchant or Letters of Exchange Promises Obligations or Contracts made between Partners or Associates for Merchandises of what nature or condition soever they be Their Jurisdiction was establisht at Paris by King Charles the Ninth in the year 1563. Their Sentences may be appealed from to the Parliament when the summ in question amounts to above 500 Livers For this Court there is an Election made every year of one Judge and four Consuls out of the Body of the Merchants who before they enter upon the exercise of their Functions take the usual Oath at the Parliament there belong further to this Court one Registrer and four Ushers There was formerly another Court called the Citizens Parlour to which this Court succeeded and there are still six Officers that retain the Title of Serjeants of the Citizens Parlour The Merchants have still a place where they meet in the Palace underneath the Dauphins Hall to confer about their Affairs which is much in the nature of the publick Changes at Lions Roüen Toulouze and London The six principal and original Bodies or Corporations of Merchants in Paris which are like the Companies in London under which all the other Trades are comprehended are 1. The Drapers 2. The Spicers or Grocers and Apothecaries 3. The Mercers 4. The Skinners or Furriers 5. The Bonneteers or Cap-Makers And 6. The Goldsmiths The Booksellers and Wine-Merchants injoy also the like Priviledges as those of the six Companies CHAP. XLIV Of the Generalities of France THE Generalities are the general Offices of the Treasurers General of France established for the facilitating the receiving and levying of the Monies arising from Taxes and other Impositions called by the name of Taillons or lesser Taxes and subsistance Money They are in number twenty three in all viz. Seventeen that are divided into Elections and six of the Countries governed by their peculiar Assemblies of Estates which are not divided into Elections but Assemble their own Estates something like the Parliaments of England to
of the Waters and Forests of Paris whose Court is kept in the Court of the Palace from whence Appeals are made to the abovesaid general Chamber of the Waters and Forests of France This particular Court is composed of one Master one Lieutenant one Proctor for the King and some other Officers CHAP. XXXVII Of the Constablrie and Marshalsy of France THE Constable and Marshals of France are the Head and Chief Officers that preside in this Court It is the Ordinary Court of Justice for the Militia or Souldiery both in Civil Politick and Criminal matters and is the sole and universal one for those matters throughout the whole extent of the Kingdom Their Sentences from whence Appeals may be made to the Parliament run in this stile The Constables and Marshals of France to all those who shall see these present Letters greeting c. Though at present there be no Constable because the eldest Marshal of France represents him making together with the other Marshals but one Body of which he is Head When the Marshals of France Assemble about any differences between any of the Nobility a person taken out of his Majesties Council and chosen by his Majesty out of those that are proposed to him for that purpose by the Marshals of France who is commonly either a Councellour of State or a Master of Requests assists together with the eldest Marshal of France then at Paris at all Assemblies that are held about the point of honour and makes report of all Affairs that pass there He that are present officiates that office is M. L' Advocat Master of Requests The Constabirie has power to take cognisance of the Admission and Functions of the Offices of all Provosts whether general provincial or particular and of Bayliffs Vice-Bayliffs Vice-Seneschals Lieutenants Criminal of the Short-Robe Knights of the Watch and their Lieutenants Assessours Kings Proctors Commissaries and Comptrollers for the Musters Treasurers of the Pay Receivers Payers and Registrers of the several Companies in what part of the Kingdom soever they be established It likewise Judges of all Faults Abuses and Misdemeanours committed by any of the Officers of the War Souldiery or Marshalfies The Officers of the Long-Robe belonging to this Court are a Lieutenant-General a Lieutenant particular and a Proctor for the King These three Officers besides the Priviledges which they enjoy as being esteemed Commoners of the Kings Houshold are Squires by their Places There are several Ushers belonging to this Court whereof four are always to attend actually upon it Of the Provost of the Constablrie The present Provost is M. Stephen Germain Sieur de St. Germain who is stiled Provost-General of the Constablrie and Marshalsy of France and Judge of the Camps and Armies of the King he is likewise called the Grand Provost of the Constablrie He has 2800 Livers or Pounds French yearly Salary and his Lodging among the Retinue of the Court and in the Camps and Armies he is lodged immediately next after the Marshal or Quarter-Master-General of the Lodgings of the Army He names and presents to the King all the Officers and Guards of his Company who upon his Nomination obtain Grants of their several Places in the Chancery He has priviledge to assist at the Examinations Admissions and swearing of the Provosts of the Marshals of Provinces and of Vice-Bayliffs Vice-Seneschals and Lieutenants Criminal of the Short-Robe of the Marshalsy and in general of all Officers of the Marshalsy of France with the Priviledge of having a deliberative Voice and a power of Inspection over them He Commands the Marshalsies when they are called together as when the Kings calls a Ban and Arriere Ban that is Summons the whole Body of the Nobility to appear in Arms. He is to take care all Military Ordinances be observed and takes cognisance of all Causes belonging to Provostships and others left to Extraordinary Judges He is supreme Judge without Appeal in all matters whether Civil Criminal or Political in the Camps and Armies where he sets a price upon Provisions and gives Pass-Ports to Merchants Furnishers of Munition Tradesmen and others following the Armies He has under him these following Officers viz. Three ancient Lieutenants whereof one is to be of the Long-Robe who have each of them 800 Livers yearly Salary two Lieutenants of later Creation whereof one has 500 and the other 600 Livers yearly Salary One Proctor for the King at 1200 Livers Salary He has power to substitute Deputies under him in other Marshalsies where there is no Proctor for the King Four Exemts who have 200 Livers Salary each one Register at 300 Livers and 48 Guards reckoning in the Trumpeter at 200 Livers each yearly Stipend To this Company belong a Commissary for the Musters whose Salary is 600 Livers and a Comptroller for the same at 300 Livers yearly stipend When they are in the Army these Officers have Extraordinary allowances over and above their standing Pay viz. The Lieutenant 150 Livers the Kings Proctor 100 Livers the Exempts 60 Livers apiece the Registrer 60 Livers and the Guards 25 Livers each When there are several Armies in the Field the Grand Provost of the Constablrie serves in the Army Royal or principal Army and his Lieutenants in the other Armies The Sword-Officers of this Company Mount the Guard and do service about the person of the eldest Marshal of France as Representing the Constable They are appointed for the Guard and keeping in Custody persons of Quality Gentlemen and Officers that have quarrels one with another And the Provost of the Constablry assists with the eldest Marshal of France at all Assemblies held upon occasion of such quarrels The Guards wear Hoquetons or Short-Coats wrought with Massie-Silver upon a blue ground and for their Device the first Letter of the Kings Name being a Crowned L between two Right Hands Armed with Gantlets set with Flower-deluces coming out of a Cloud and holding each a naked Sword with the point upwards with these words about it Non sine Numine i. e. not without a Deity or Divine Power which kind of Sword is called the Sword of the Constablrie These Officers are of the Body of the Gend'armerie or Men at Arms and have been hitherto maintain'd in the quality and priviledges of Commoners of the Kings Houshold The last Letters to this effect bear date the 22d of February 1653. There are also belonging to this Court and Company one Chief Assessour and one Chief Usher to serve Warrants and Orders who have each 300 Livers yearly Salary There is likewise a Provost-General of the Monies or Mint and Marshalsies of France named Augustin-Nicholas Langlois who has under him several Lieutenants and Exempts one Registrer and 60 Archers or Guards who have power to serve and execute Orders and Warrants The Provost-General of the Isle of France is Francis de Francini de Grand ' Maisons He has under him four Lieutenants eight Exempts one Registrer and ten Guards called Archers on
Horseback divided into six Brigades all about the Neighbourhood of Paris for the security of the Country The Provost of Senlis is Nicholas Bordereau CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Admiralty of France and other Courts kept within the inclosure of the Palace And first Of the Admiralty of France and of Guienne THis Court was formerly held too at the Marble Table but is at present kept in the great Hall of the Palace on that side next the Dauphins Hall It takes cognisance of all Affairs relating to the Admiralty and the splitting of Vessels Shipwracks and Commerce on the Sea both primarily and by way of Appeal and of the abuses and misdemeanours committed by the Officers of the particular subordinate Courts of Admiralty and of other Officers of Maritime Affairs The particular Courts from whence Appeals are made to this are those of Rochelle the Sands of Olonne Marans Callice Boulogâ—e Montreüil Abbeville St. Valery Eu and Hault The present Officers belonging to it are A Lieutenant-General who is the Sieur de Marbrelle and a Lieutenant particular four Counsellours one Proctor for the King one Recorder or Registrer and one Chief Usher The Days of Audience in this Court are Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays There are likewise other Chambers or Courts of Admiralty at Roüen Bourdeaux in Brittany and at Dunkirk and other places Of the Court of the Great Pantler of France This Court takes cognisance of all regulations among the Bakers who are admitted there To it belong A Lieutenant general and particular Mayor and Guardian of the Great Pantry of France who is Nicholas Petit-Jean or Little John one Proctor for the King one Registrer one Chief Usher and 13 Ushers Audiencers that reside some at Paris and some in the Countries The Audience Days in this Court are Mundays and Saturdays Of the Bailywick of the Palace In this Court are these Officers viz. A Bayliff who is Claudius Pelot a Lieutenant General a Proctor for the King and a Registrer This Court judges of all differences arising in the Halls and Court of the Palace The Court of the Masonry Is kept over the Dauphins Hall to it belong Three Counsellours who are Judges general of all Masons work in France The Court called the Court of the Bazoche For the regulation of the Clerks of the Palace and the Court for matters of Justice relating to importing and vending of Sea-Fish are still held too within the inclosure of the Palace And thus having spoke of the Courts of Judicature that are held within the inclosure of the Palace we shall next treat of the others held without it and particularly of the Chatelet or Castle of Paris Which is the ordinary Court of Justice of the City of Paris and the most considerable presidial Court in the Kingdom CHAP. XXXIX Of the Chatelet or Castle of Paris THE Administration of Justice for the Town Provostship and Vicounty of Paris is exercised under the Name of the Provost of Paris and in case of vacancy the Kings Proctor General of the Parliament is Guardian by his place of this Provostship and all Acts passing there during that time run in his name The Officers thereto belonging are A Provost called the Provost of Paris who is Charles-Denis de Bullion Marquiss of Gallerdon c. He had the Grant of this Office the 15th of February 1685. and took the usual Oath for it in Parliament on the 22d of May-following and the same day was solemnly Installed in the Chatelet and put into possession thereof by one of the Presidents à Mortier the Dean of the Lay-Counsellours of the Parliament and the eldest Clergy-man Counsellour of the Grand Chamber He has 8000 Livers yearly Sallary and allowance All Judgments and Sentences given in the Chatelet and all acts of Notaries run in his Name the Assembly of the Nobility of the Provostship of Paris for the Arriere-â—an is held in his House and it belongs to him to Conduct them to the Army This Office was always exercised by Persons of great Quality and Reputation Under him there are the following Officers viz. A Lieutenant Civil who is John le Camus Honorary Master of Requests a Lieutenant for the Policy or Government of the City Gabriel-Nicholas de la Reynie a Lieutenant Criminal James Defita two particular Lieutenants Fifty six Counsellours four Advocates and one Proctor for the King Eight Substitutes two Honorary Counsellours one Chief Recorder or Registrer with divers other Registrers both for Civil and Criminal Affairs and for Audiences Insinuations Presentations and other matters one Chief Usher Audiencer and several other Ushers Audiencers There are likewise belonging to it two Counsellours Judges-Auditours to decide small Suits not amounting to above the summ of 25 Livers one Registrer in Chief of the Auditours and one Chief Usher and two other Ushers-Audiencers of the said Auditours 48 Commissaries and 113 Notaries Together with the Proctors Ushers on Porseback and Ushers carrying Wands and the Ushers of the Provostship of Paris By the Edicts and Declarations of the present King Registred in Parliament the 7th of September 1684. The Court of the New Chatelet Created in 1674. was reunited to that of the old one and accordingly the Offices of Provost of Lieutenant-General Civil and Lieutenant-General Criminal were supprest as likewise that of Kings Proctor of the old Chatelet The Lieutenant Criminal of the Short-Robe of the Provostship and Vicounty of Paris is Reny Chrisanthe le Clere Baron of Sauteray c. He has under him four Lieutenants seven Exempts and 100 Archers or Guards which are also Ushers at the Chatelet The Provost of the Isle of France of whom we have already spoken has also under him several Lieutenants Exempts and Archers or Guards for the Execution of his Sentences and Judgments The Knight of the Watch has likewise under him four Lieutenants eight Exempts one Registrer one Comptroller and Clerk of the Watch one Guidon 40 Archers or Guards on Horseback and 100 on Foot that wear blue Hoquetons or Jackets set with Stars of Silver Besides which number there is a recruit as well of Horse and Foot which is much stronger in Winter than in Summer As for the solemn and Ceremonial Habits of the Officers of the Chatelet they are these The three Lieutenants-General the Kings Advocates and Proctors wear Scarlet-Robes and the Counsellours black ones Formerly there were several little Courts of Judicature held by the several Lords who had their peculiar Jurisdictions in the City Suburbs and Banlieu or Liberties of Paris which were suppressed upon the Creation of the Court of the new Chatelet in the Month of February 1674 and their Jurisdictions incorporated into the Courts of the old and new Chatelets which are now made but one as is abovesaid Having spoken of the ordinary Jurisdiction of the City we will proceed next to treat of the ordinary Jurisdiction for the Taxes Aids and other Dues to the King which is the ordinary Court of Justice for Pari as it