why the Now called Swiszers Heluetians hauing dayly conflict with the Germanes eyther in their owne defence or by the way of inuasion do in prowesse excell the reste of the Galles That parte which is sayde to be possessed of the Celtes a coūtri of Fraūce lying betwen Gascognie the countries of Germany Celtes taketh his beginning at the Riuer of Rhone is enclosed with the water of Gerownd with the Ocean Sea and with the bowndes of the Belgies bordering also vpon the Rhyne in the coūtryes of the Sequanes and Heluetians it bendeth towardes the North. The Belgia the low coūtries of Germany frō Treuorse Mens to Flaūders those partes Aquitane the countries of Gascognie Guien Belgies begynne at the vttermost bowndes of Gallia and extende to the neathermost parte of the Rhyne and they lye North and East Aquitane stretcheth from the ryuer Gerownde to the mountaines Pyrenes and the Spanishe sea betweene the north the west There was among the Heluetians one Orgetorixa man of the greattest nobilitie and wealth in all the countrie Hee in the tyme that Two chiefe honors of the state yerely chaunged Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso were Consuls of Rome blynded with desyre of souerayntie conspired with the nobilitie and perswaded the Citie whereof he was to remoue out of their countrye with all the power they coulde make Alledging that it was an easye matter for thē to conquere all Gallia in asmuch as they excelled al the rest in prowesse It was the easyer for him to brynge them hereunto bicause the Swiszers Heluetians dwell in suche a countrie as on all sides is by nature fortyfied For on the one side they ar enclosed with the riuer of the Rhyne a very broade and deepe water which deuideth thē from the Germanes on an other side with the highe mountayne Mount saint Claude or mount Iou. Bourgomōs Iura whiche is betweene theym and the Mount saint Claude or mount Iou. Bourgomōs Sequanes and on the thirde syde with the lake Leman and the Ryuer Rhone whiche deuydeth them from our prouynce By meanes hereof it came to passe that they cowlde not raunge verye farre abrode nor with their ease make rodes agaynste their neyghboures whiche was a greate griefe vnto them beinge a people desirous of warre For in respecte of their multitude and of the renowne of their puissaunce force in armes they thought them seluis enclosed in a streight as whose Countrie passed not CCxl miles in length and an hūdred foure score miles in bredth Perswaded with theis reasons and moued with the Authoritie of Orgetorix they determyned to make prouysion of all thynges meete for their voyage As namely in byinge of all the cartes and caryage beastes they could come by in employing al their growndes to tyllage to the intent to furnyshe theim selues abundantely with corne in their iourneye and in confirmyng peace and aliaunce with the cities adioynyng For the performance of theis thinges they thought twoo yeeres to be sufficyent decreeinge by lawe to sette forwarde the thirde yeere To brynge theis matters to effect was Orgetorix chosen And he tooke vppon hym to goe in ambassade to the Cities Hee in that iourney perswaded Casticus a A Bourgonion Sequane the sonne of Catamantalis whose father had reigned many yeres amonge the Sequanes and was accompted a frend to the Senate and people of Rome to take vppon him the soueraintie in his own countrie the which his father had helde before him Also be perswaded Dumnorix the Heduan the brother of Diuitiacus who at that time bare chief aucthoritie in his countrie and was in greatest fauoure with the commonaltie to attempt the like and therevpon gaue hym his dawghter in mariage He proued that it was an easie matter for theym to brynge their enterprises to passe for as muche as he shoulde obteyne the gouernement of his owne Citie and it was not to be dowted but that the Swiszers were able to do more than all Fraunce besyde wherfore he shulde be able with his power and with his army to warrant them kyngedomes Perswaded with this Oration they gaue their faith one to an other and confirmed it with an othe Hopynge assuredly that seinge three of the strongest and puissanteste nations of all Fraunce had bent their force together it could none otherwyse come to passe but that they must nedes be Lordes of all the whole countrie When this matter was bewrayed to the reste of the Heluetians accordynge to their custome they commytted Orgetorix to prison to answere to his complaynt If he were caste the lawe condempned hym to be burned with fire At the daye appointed for the pleadinge of his case Orgetorix called to the Sessions all his kynred and alyance to the number of ten thousande men together with all his reteynours and dettours of whom he had a great cōpany By them he so wrought that he came not to aunswere his enditement When the Citie beynge stirred herewithall sowghte to maynteyne th execution of their lawes by the sworde and that the magistrates were raysinge a power of men out of the coūtrie for the same purpose Orgetorix dyed not without suspition as the Heluetians thinke of killing hym selfe After his deathe the Heluetians neuerthelesse proceded with their fore determined purpose of departinge out of their countrie And when they thought them selues in a sufficiente readinesse for the matter they sette on fyre all their Cities to the numbre of twelue and all their villages which were about iiii hundred together with the reste of their priuate buyldinges Likewyse they burned all their corne sauinge that which they ment to cary with them to thintent that al hope of returning home being taken away they shuld more willingly aduenture them selues to abyde all perilles Commaundemente was geuen that euery man should cary with him so much meale as woulde serue hym for three monthes Moreouer they perswaded the People about Basil. Rawracians People about Basil. Tulingians and People about Basil. Latobrigians their nexte neyghboures to followe the same trade in burnyng their townes and villages and to accompany them in this their voiage receiuynge also into league and confederacie the People of Toule in Loraine People of Losanne People of Burbone Bauier or Boeme in Almaine Boyans who not longe ago had inhabyted on the further syde of the Rhyne and were nowe lately come ouer into the coast of Noricum and had there beseeged the Citie Norinberg Noreia There were but onely twoo wayes for theym to passe at oute of their countrie the one by the Burgoniōs Sequanes narrowe and vneasy betweene the mountayne Iura and the riuer of Rhone scarce so broade as that a cart might well be dryuen through it so ouerhanged with the highe mountaine that a verye fewe had bene able to stoppe them of their passage Thother throughe our prouince far more easy and readier bycause that the riuer
wonderfull louingly and honorably For that was the firste time that he came froÌ„ the general warres in Gallia Nothing was omitted that could be deuised for the decking and garnisshing of the gates wayes places where Cesar shuld passe Al the commons came forth wyth their children to mete him by the way sacrifices were euery where offred the temples and market places were hanged with clothes of Tapisrie Arras that a man wold haue thought by their gladnes there had bene some greate triumphe loked for and laid for before So great costlines was among the richer sort and so earnest desier was amonge the meaner sort When Cesar had lightly passed through all the Countryes of Gallia Now called Lumbardye Togata he returned wyth all spede to hys armye at Nemetocerna calling al his Legions out of their wintering places into the country of the Treuires he went thither and there tooke musters of them T. Labienus he made gouernor of Gallia Togata to th eÌ„tent therby to get him the more fauor and estimation toward his sute for the Consulship He himself made so many iorneyes as he thought sufficient for chaunge of the places for healthsomnesse There albeit he hard ofteÌ„times that Labienus was moued by his enemies and was also aduertised how it was done by thaduise of a fewe to th entent that by the commaundement of the Senate he might be spoiled of part of his army yet not withstanding he neyther gaue credit to any thing that was reported of Labienus no nor would be moued to do any thing contrary to the authoritye of the Senate For he beleued that if the Senatours might geue their verdits freely he should easly obtein hys purpose For C. Curio Protector of the commonalty who had taken vpoÌ„ him to defend Cesars cause and dignity had oftentimes profered that yf the feare of Cesars power hindred any maÌ„ and seing that the Lordlynes power of Pompey did put the Court in no smal feare let both of them lay downe theyr weapons and dysmysse their armies and so shuld the City be at liberty to vse her own right as she listed And he not onely profered thys thing but began of hymself to wythdraw hys power whyche thynge the Consuls the frendes of Pompey coÌ„maunded shuld not be done and so ruling the matter as they listed they departed Thys was a great wytnes of the whole Senate agreable to the former act For Marcellus the nexte yere after wheÌ„ he impugned Cesars estimation coÌ„trary to the law of Pompey and Crassus had put vp a bill to the Senate for the charge of Cesar before the time of his coÌ„mission was expired when the sentences were pronouÌ„ced Marcellus who sought al his estimatioÌ„ by working spight against Cesar departed aside â–ª and the Senate fel al of theÌ„ by by to other matters Wherby the courages of Cesars ennemies were no whitte appalled but rather styrred vp to make mo frends therby to compel the Senate to alow that which thei had determined Hervpon was made a decree that Cneus Pompeius shuld send one LegioÌ„ and Cesar another to the warre agaynst the Parthians But it was easy to be sene that both theis LegioÌ„s were taken from Cesar. For the first Legion which Cneus Pompeius had sent vnto Cesar leuied in the musters of the Prouince he gaue vnto Cesar as one of hys own number Neuertheles albeit that no man neede to doubt that Cesar was spoyled at the pleasure of his enemies yet he sent Pompey hys Legion again and in his owne name he willed the .xv. Legion whyche he had in the hyther Gallia to be delyuered to him by the decree of the Senate In stead therof he sent the .xiii. Legion into Italy to lye in garrison in the same place from wheÌ„ce the .xv. was set TheÌ„ he distributed his army into garrisons C. Trebonius wyth iiii legioÌ„s he placed in Belgicke C. Fabius with as many he coÌ„ueieth to the Heduanes For so he thought Gallia shuld be in most saufty if the Belgies who were of most prowesse the Heduans who were of most authoritye had armies among them to kepe theÌ„ in obedience This done he tooke hys way into Italye When he came thither he vnderstode by Caius Marcellus the Consul that the two Legions which he had dismissed which by the decree of the Senate should haue ben led to the ParthiaÌ„ war were deliuered to Pompey kept stil in Italy Although by thys dealing it was euideÌ„t to al the world what was purposed against Cesar yet Cesar determined to suffer al things as long as he had any hope left to decide his controuersies rather by the lawe than by the sworde FINIS ¶ Imprinted at London by VVilliam Seres AN EXPOSITION OF the old names of the Countries Cities Townes Hilles and Riuers mencioned in this booke together with a description of certaine Engines of warre vsed in those dayes by the Romanes ADVATICKES PEOple of Belgicke betwene Louan and Aldenburg in Braband nowe called people of Bosleduke Agendicum a Towne of the Senons in Celticke called Sens or Prouince Alduasdubis or after Ptolome Alduasdusius a Riuer of Celticke rising about the mount S. Claud and deuidinge Burgundye from Swicerland whiche falleth into the ryuer Soan not far from the Citie Cabillon it is now called in Latin Dubius and in FreÌ„ch Doux Alexia a Towne of Celticke in Burgundye not far from Langres nowe called Alseâ— or Lausoys or Alyse as RaymuÌ„d Marlian affirmeth in his Annotacions vppon Cesars Commentaries But according to thopinion of Ioseph Molet in his Commentaries vpon Ptolomies Geographie it is a town of Artoys in Belgicke called Arras Allobrogians people of Prouince conteyning the Countries of Sauoy and Delphinoys Alpes the high hilles which deuide Fraunce and Italy a sunder Ambarrrians people of Celticke supposed of some to be the people of Burbon of some the people of Niuers Iucundus calleth theÌ„ the people of Semar and Montar Amagetobria a place in Celticke where Ariouistus kinge of the Germanes vanquished the power of the Galles not far from the Rhine supposed to be called Toaâ—t Ambians a people of Picardy about the citye Amiens it is in Belgicke Ambibarets people also adioyning to the citie Amiens Ambibarians a people of littell Britaine in Celticke Ambiliares the people of Auranches in littell Britaine Ambiuarits the people of Braband in Belgick Andians the people of Aniow in Celticke Antuates the people of Uawd in Sauoy Aquileia a towne of Italy at the Gulf of Uenice vpon the riuer Natisone Armoricke the country of littell Britaine Ardeine a forest in Belgicke beginning at the Rhine and so runninge by the space of more than fiue hundred miles throughe the territory of Triers to the enâ—raÌ„ce of the boundes of Rhemes Arar a riuer of Celticke nowe called Soan which springeth in the borders of Burgundy and Loreyn not far from the mountayne Uosegus and falleth into Rhone at Lions Arâ—comikes or Aremikes or Artomikes
people of Arminacke in Prouince Atrebatians the people of Artoys in Belgick Auaricum the town of Uiarron or Bourges in Berrey in Celticke Auenticum the towne of Auench in the countrye of Uaud or the towne of Wilburg Auâ—erkes people of Celticke sometime reteyners of the Heduanes now called people of Auge or of Roane Aulerkes Cenomannes the people of Mayne in Celticke Aulerkes Diabolites or Diablinthres the people Leonduâ—l Auscians or Auscitanes people about Aux in Aquitaine Axona the name of twoo riuers th one called Disne in Guien and thother in Belgicke in the countrye of Rhemes called Aesne B. Bacenis a forest in Germanye whyche some suppose to be part of the forest Hercinia which runneth through Germany euen to the borders of the Dacers and the tenne of Meotis it is now called Swartswald Baleares are two Ilands in the midland sea nere vnto Spaine wherof th one is called Maiorica and thother Minorica Batauians the Hollanders a people of Belgicke Bellocassians a people of Celtick about Bayews Bellouacanes the people of Beawuoysin in Celtik Bibract the towne of Beawne in the Duchy of Burgundy Bibrax the town of Bray by the riuer Aesne in Belgicke Biturigians the people of Berrey in Celtick Bibrokes people of greate Britaine inhabiting the sea coast whose Englyshe name is yet vnknowen Bigerrones the people of Bierne and Bigor in Aquitaine Boians a people somtime of Germany marching vpon Franconia thalpes of Italy the sowtherne Swoabes the riuer Danow the which country is nowe called Bauier Theis passing the Rhine in the time of Cesar and takinge part with the Heluetians against him being vanquished were placed by him vnder the iurisdiction of the Heduanes whych now with the Sequanes are called Burgonions in the country which now is called Burbon in Celticke Brannouians or BraÌ„nouikes people of Celticke called Moriane nere vnto Burgundy Bratuspantium a town of Beawuoysin C. Cabillon the towne of Chalons in BurguÌ„dy vpon the riuer Soan Cadetes the people of Hipercorentine or as some think of CastlebriaÌ„t in littel Britain Cadurkes the people of Cahors in Celticke Cherusciens people of Germanye inhabiting sometime those countries wheras are nowe the territories of the Princes of Anholt Stolberg Maunsfield and Swartzburg Ceresians a people of Germany Caletanes the people about Calis in Belgick Cantabrians the people of Biscay in Spain Carnutes the people about Charters in Celticke Carcason a city in Prouince called CaracassoÌ„ Catuakes people about Doway Caturigians theis with the Garoceles and Centrones are nowe the people of Tarantayse vnder the dominion of the Duke of Sauoy Cauillon beareth the same name still it is a citye in Prouince Centrones loke Caturigians the chiefe citye of thys country is called Munster Cimbrians people of Germany whyche helde somtime al the coast of Megalburg eueÌ„ vnto Cimbrica Chersonesus Theis passing the Rhine before Cesars time leauing certain to kepe their stuffe baggage which they left in FrauÌ„ce made a viage into Italye of them discende those that are now thinhabiters of Zeland Condrusians the people betwene Utreight Iuliers Creta the Ile of Candy Curiosolites the people of Cornewal in littell Britaine D. Diablinters people aboute Londull in littell Britaine Daces a people beyond the Rhine boundinge vppon the Riuer Danow and the forest of Hartswald who are supposed to haue sometime inhabited a piece of Hungary and from thence remoued to the hither parte of Norwey Danow one of the famousest riuers in Europe which as Soâ—mus affirmeth risinge in the hilles of Germany and receyuing into it lxx riuers all able to beare ships lastlye falleth with seuen mouthes into the sea called Pontus E. Eburones the people of Liege in Belgicke Eburonikes or Eburouikes the people of Eureux in Celticke Elauer a riuer of Celticke now called Allyer running by Cleremount in Auverne Essuans the people of Reteiois beyond Touray F. Flustates the people of the county of Flusse in Aquitaine G. Gaballes the people of Ledesue in Celticke Garites the people of Agenoys in Guien Garumnes people of Aquitaine by the Riuer Gerond wherof they take their name Gerond a riuer that springeth out of the mouÌ„taines Pyrenes and falleth into the weste Ocean accordinge to Cesar it deuideth Aquitaine from Celticke Garocels loke in Caturigians Gebenna the mountaines called also Cemenij nowe named the mountaines of Auverne which seperate Celticke from Prouince according vnto Cesar. Genabuin the city of Orleance vpon the riuer Loyre Geneua a city of Sauoy standing vpoÌ„ Rhone not farre from the Lake Losan oute of the which town there is a bridge into Swicerland Gergobia or Gergouia the Towne of Cleremount in Auverne Gordunes the people of Gaunt in Flaunders Grudians people about Louane H. Harudes people inhabiting vppon the further side of the Rhine about the city Constance Heduanes a people of Celticke who together with the Sequanes are nowe the Burgonions Heluetians the Switzers or Swicers and and as som holde opinion the Quades Heluians people bordering vpoÌ„ Auverne now called Albians Hercinia loke Bacenis I. Iura or Iurassus a Mountaine in Celticke which deuideth Burgundye from Swicerland it is nowe called mount S. Claud. of the Swicers it is called Leuerberg and of the men of Sauoy Iarten Itius portus the towne of Calis Illericke this and Dalmatia are called both by the name of Slauony L. Lacobrigians or Latobrigians or Latouikes the people of Losan vnder the Duke of Sauoy or the people of Ualoys Leman the Lake of Geneua called also Lake Losan Lemouikes the people of Limosins in Celticke Lepontians the people of Graundpunter or as Marlian sayth the people called Switers inhabiting betwene the heade of the riuer Rhone and the Alpes of Rhetia among whome springeth the Riuer Rhine Giles Tschude affirmeth they be now called Rhin walders Leuakes the people of Louane accordinge to Marlian Lewkes the people of the Bishoprick of Tul or Toll in Celticke Lexobians or Lexouians the people of Lysiewx in Celticke in the duchie of NormaÌ„dy Lingones the people of Langres in the sayde Bishopricke of Tull in Celticke Loyre a riuer which springeth in lowe Burgundy and running through Celticke according to Cesar falleth into the west Ocean but according to Ptolomie it deuideth Celticke from Aquitaine Lutetia the Citye of Paris standinge vppon Seane accompted vnto Belgick it is now the head city of Fraunce M. Menapians the people of Gelderlande and Cleueland or as some suppose the people of Iuliers in Belgicke Mandubians a people of Celticke about the Citie Alexia called now Lausoys Marcomannes people of Germanye beyonde the Rhine which came ouer with Ariouistus and afterward inhabited the valey that bordereth vpon Swicerland which is called Marecomana next vnto high Burgundy the mountaine Iura with whom M. Antonius themperour surnamed the Philosopher had long and perillous warre vntyl at length beinge vanquished by the prayers of the Christians they submitted themselues Marne a riuer rising in the borders of Langres whiche runneth throughe Shalons in Campaine
and deuiding partlye the Celtes froÌ„ the Belgies falleth into Seane a littell about Paris Matiscon a city of Celticke by the riuer Soan in the borders of low BurguÌ„dy betwene the townes of Lions and CauilloÌ„ it is now called Mascon or Macon Maze or meuse a riuer which springeth out of the mountaine Uogesus in Celticke in the borders of Langres not far from the heades of Marne and Soan and takinge into it an arme of the Rhine called walis aboute fowerscore miles from the sea it maketh an Iland which is called Holland Mediomatrikes the people of Lorein aboute Mets. Meldians people of Meaulx Melodunum a towne in an Iland of the riuer Seane nere vnto Parris called Melune Metiosedum or Iosedum a towne vppon the riuer Seane called Corbeil Morines the people of Tirwin in Belgicke or as Ioseph Molet sayth the Flemings N. Nannets people of NauÌ„tes in Britaine Britonant Nantuates or Antuates people of Germanie on thys syde the Rhyne about Constance called the people of Uawd Narbone the chief Cytie of Prouince wherof all the Prouynce was called Narbonensis Nemets the people about Spire Nitiobriges or NitiobrigiaÌ„s people of MouÌ„t pelyer in Celticke Uzes Neruians the people aboute Tornay in Belgycke Noreia the city of Norimberg in Germanye Noricum the country about the sayd city Nouiodunum the name of thre cities wherof one is in Belgicke not far from Paris and is called Noyon thother twoo are in Celtycke th one in the countrye of Berrey nere vnto Bourges and thother in lowe Burgundy at the ryuer Loyre Numidians people of Affrycke O. Ocelum whyche also is called Oscelium a towne in Piemount by the ryuer Duria Octodure the city Martanach in lower Ualoys Orcinia loke Bacenis Osissines the people of Landgriguer in Brytayne P. Parthians a people of Asia Petrocorians the people of Perrygort in Aquitayne Pictones the people of Poyters in Aquitain Pleumosians the Flemynges Precianes people of Aquitayne nere vnto Bierne Pirustes people of Dalmatia whych now is a part of Slauony Po the chyef ryuer of Italy whych ryseth at the foote of the mountayne Uesulus and afterward receyuing xxx ryuers into him falleth wyth seuen chanelles into the Adriatike sea Pyrenes the Mountaynes whyche deuyde Fraunce from Spayne they are now called the mountaynes of Foyes and Rounceual R. Rauracians people of Celticke about Basill Rhedones people about Rhenes in Britaine Rhegium a towe in Italye on the sea coast ouer agaynst the promontary of Sicill called Pelorus Rhemes a towne in Champaine in Belgycke and the people of the country therabout Rhone a ryuer rysing out of thalpes whyche deuydeth the Romane Prouynce from the Swycers and then turning into the south cutteth through the myds of the Prouince and lastly falleth into the mydland sea Ruthenes a people of the Prouynce called Rhodes S. Sabis the ryuer Sambre in Belgyck which runneth into Maze by the Towne of Namures Samarobrina the town of Cambray in Belgycke Santones the people of Santon in Aquitain Scaldis the riuer Skeld in Belgycke it runneth through Cornay falleth into Maze Seane a Ryuer rysinge nere the borders of Langres and lowe Burgundy in the country of Alâ—et It runneth through Paris deuidynge Celticke from Belgicke falleth into the Britysh Ocean by Newhauen Sebusians Secusians or Segusians people of Celticke nere vnto Sauoy and Burgundy betwene the dyocesses of Lausan and Lions whych by coniecture shoulde be aboute the Citye Bizâ—nce or the people of Bresse Sedunes or Sedusians the people about Sion in Ualoys Senons the people of Sens in Celticke Sequanes looke Heduans Sycambers the people of Gelderland Swessions the people of Soysons in Belgick Swevians people on the furthersyde of the Rhyne nowe called the Swoabes or as Melancthon affirmeth the Pomeranes Soan loke Arar T. Tarbelles the people about Tarb or Bayon in Guyen Tarusats people about Turse in Guyen Tectosages the people of Languedock in Prouince Teucthers somtyme a people of Germany beyond the Rhyne now thought to be the people of Iulyers on thys syde the Rhyne Tiguryne the Canton of Zurich in Swicerland Tolous a citye in Prouynce Tolosatians people of the couÌ„try about the city Treuires people of Tryers and the countrye thereabouts Triwkes the people about Strawsbrough Turones the people aboute Towres vppon Loyre in Celticke Tulingians the people of Loreyne U. Uangions the people of wormbes and thereaboutes Uatuca Uaruta or Ratuca as some suppose was a Castell wheras is now the towne of Iulyers Uacalos an arme of the Rhyne called walis whych falleth into the ryuer Maze Ubians the people about Colon on the other side of the Rhyne Uellaunians the people of Uellay about S. Flowre in Celticke Uellaunodunum Uilleneuf in Loreine Uenets the people of Uannes in Britaine Ueragrians people of lower Ualoys aboute Martanach Ueromanduans the people of Uermandoys in Picardy Uesontio the City Besanson in Burgundy Uienna the citye of Uien in Delphynoys Uuelles the people of Perche Uocontians loke in Centrones Uogesus or Uosegus a Mountayne in the marches of Langres out of the whyche the Maze spryngeth Uolces Tectosages are the people of LaÌ„gnedocke about Avinion Uolces Arecomickes loke Arecomikes Urellodunum the Citie Cadenacke in Quercye in Celticke FINIS OF the battell Ram Uegetius in hys iiii booke of cheualry maketh a shorte dyscription Battel Ram. lykenyng it to the engine called a Tortoyse in these words Of â—ymber and wordes is framed the Tortoyse whych bycause it shuld not be hurt wyth fier is couered wyth rawe hydes or wyth hayres and course cloth Thys inwardly receyueth a traine whych is armed before wyth a hooked piece of yron called a Sythe bycause it boweth inwarde to pull stones out of the wall wyth Or elles is the head thereof clad wyth steele and it is called a Ram eyther bicause it hath a very hard front whych pusheth vp the wals or els bicause after the manner of Rammes it goeth baske to th entent to stryke wyth greater violence Nowe the Tortoyse hathe hys name of his lykenesse to the true Tortoyse bicause that as the Tortoyse sometyme putteth forth her head sometyme draweth it into her shell agayne so the engyâ—e doth one whyle put backe the beame and another whyle thruste it forward agayn to th entent it may stryke with greater vyolence theis are the wordes of Uegetius Iosephus in hys booke of the warres in Iewry descrybeth it in thys wyse The maner of the yron Ram sayth he is thus Fyrste they take a great long thycke beame vpon the forepart wherof they put a great strong heade made lyke vnto a Rammes head with hornes all of pryncipal strong yron the weight wherof is asmuche as halfe the beame and couereth the beame also to the â—yds Then fasten they into the ground against the place that they intend to batter two great trees lyke masâ—es of shyppes betwene whych they hang the beame that is called the Ram wyth stronge ropes of hemp and yron wyer twysted together At the hynder part
¶ The eyght bookes of Caius Iulius Caesar conteyning his martiall exploytes in the Realme of Gallia and the Countries bordering vppon the same translated oute of latin into English by Arthur Goldinge G. ¶ Imprinted at London by Willyam Seres Anno. 1565 ¶ TO THE RYGHTE honourable Syr VVillyam Cecill knight principal Secretorye to the Queenes maiestie and maister of her highnes Courtes of wardes and liueries Arthur Golding wisheth helth and encrease of honor ALBEIT RIGHT HOnorable that the difficultnes of this praesent worke considering mine owne want of experience not only in matters of war but also in diuers other things wherof this history entreateth did dissuade in maner discourage me froÌ„ enterprising the traÌ„slatioÌ„ therof yet notwithstanding forasmuche as I perceiued it to be a worke for the pleasure and profitablenes therof much desired of many and that suche of my simple trauels as I haue heretofore bestowed in like matters haue bene well accepted at your hand as well boldened by youre fauorable encouragement as also remembring that earnest endeuor ouercometh al thinges I Went in hand therewith Not entring at the first beginning of the History but about the middes of the fifth booke where master Brend whose Copie from your honor came to my handes preuented by death did leaue The which latter part at such time as I had finished and was come to perusing it ouer correcting it with my friendes there were of them that counselled me to begin the worke new againe from the first beginning and to put it out wholy in mine owne name wherunto although I could not willingly be persuaded at the first yet afterward when I had somwhat more depelye weyed the reasons that they alledged considering with my selfe how I had sufficient leysure and that I had ouercome a pece of no lesse difficultye alreadye than the former part was least I mighte haue semed to seeke excuse of slouthfulnes or to refuse paines of wilfulnes râ—ther than â—o defend my selfe by vnablenesse I agreed to their aduice And therevpon laying aside maister Brendes copie to vse it rather as a counseller whan the thing was done than as a praesident in doing â–ª I haue begonne the whole worke new againe and accordinge to the first Authors meaning as nere as I could translated it throughout wherin how mi doings may be liked of others I know not This I most humbly desier your honor that you will take my paines trauel in that behalf in good worth For I haue not done it bicause I thoughte my self of more skill and experience than maister Brend which I confesse miyeres geue me not neither bicause I wold in defacing his glorye which were a point of lewdnesse go aboute as the latin prouerb sayth to pricke oute the crowes eyes But I haue done it partly moued by the persuasions aforesaid and partly bicause I was defirous to haue the body of the whole Storye compacted vnyforme and of one stile throughout For so I thought it shuld be both more allowable among such as are of knowledge and also more acceptable to the reader when neither part of the worke might be an eye sore to the other Furthermore forasmuch as it is knowen vnto many that the said Copy was committed vnto mee I haue forborne to build vpon that foundation least I might haue ministred occasion to such as loue cauilling to say I had eyther hatched other birdes egges or els praesumed to finyshe the pycture of Venus that Appelles left vnperfect The whiche my doinges I submit vnder your fauorable protection not doubting but that youre Honour of your accustomed goodnesse and gentelnesse to wardes me will pacientlye beare with myne errours where any happen and so regarde my paynfull trauell as that my boldnesse maye no whit offend you At Powles Belchamp the .xxi. of October Anno. 1565. Your Honours alwais most humbly to commaund Arthur Golding TO THE READER WHEREAS CAESAR in hys descryption of Gallia made in the begynnyng of this work may seeme dysagreable wyth other Authors I thought it expedieÌ„t for the better vnderstanding of thys History as well to set oute a more ample description of Gallia as also to declare what suÌ„dry Nations haue since Cesars tyme possessed the same Neuertheles gentell reader thou shalt not looke for a particuler declaration of the shifting remouing and expulsing of euery seuerall kind of people nor of the alteration of the state of euerye seuerall couÌ„try in that Region for that wold ryse to an infinite volume more tedious than profitable it is more than I were able to performe But I purpose to set before thine eies as briefly and plainly as my sleÌ„der knowledge will geue me leaue the boundes of that noble countrye with thalteration of such states as haue borne chiefe preheminence and souereintye in the same Fyrst and formest therfore it is to be considered that in the 693. yere after the building of Rome as affirmeth Eutropiê° which was the .3905 yere since the creation of the worlde and the eyght and fifteth yere before the byrth of our sauiour Chryst Iulius Cesar the author of thys worke who afterward brought the state of Rome to a monarchie being created Consull was sent by the Senate as Lieuetenant General with an army against the Galles inhabiting on the hyther side of the Alpes whom wyth in ten yeres space he vtterly subdued and brought in peaceable subiection to the Romane empier the whole processe wherof he setteth forth so plainly sincerely and purely in theis CoÌ„mentaries without eyther affectatioÌ„ of vainglorye to himselfe or suppressinge the deserued commendation of others that it is to be doubted whether he atcheued hys affayres wyth more felicity and valiantnesse or reported them with more indifferency faithfulnes And forasmuch as hys entent in thys worke was only to entreate of the matters of that country which he had in commission to conquer he suppresseth in his discription of Gallia not only that part which the Romanes cal Cisalpina bicause it lyeth on the same side of the Alpes that Italy and Rome doth but also the Prouince of Narbon as CouÌ„tries which by comming in subiection to the Romane Empier were nowe rather to be couÌ„ted part of Italy thaÌ„ of Gallia For the auncient Gallia conteyned not onelye â–ª whatsoeuer is included within the mountaine Pirenes the Ocean the Rhine and the Alpes but also extended ouer the Alpes to the riuer Rubicon And therfore by a general diuisioÌ„ it was wont to be deuided into Gallia Cisalpina Gallia TraÌ„salpina Cisalpina was also called Togata bicause thiÌ„habiters therof after the maner of the Romans weÌ„t in gownes It is nowe called Lombardye of the Lombardes a people of Germany dwellyng somtyme about the middes of the riuer Albis on the westside therof where as be now the territories of the Byshoprickes of Magdeburg and Halberstade who in the time of the Emperor Iustine the second in the yere of our Lord 569. beinge called into Italye by Narses themperors
Lieuetenant there toke possessions of that country and reigned therin by the space of twoo hundred and fower yeres vnto the yere of our lord 773. at which time Charles kynge of Fraunce surnamed the great toke Desiderius laste kinge of Lombardes prisoner and annexed his seniory to the dominion of Fraunce Gallia TraÌ„salpina wherof this Historye entreateth hath according to Ptolomies description on the west the Mountaynes Pirenes nowe called Ronnceuall whyche deuyde it frome Spayn and the west Ocean On the East it hath partly the Alpes whiche deuide it from Italy and the Ryuer Rhyne whych parteth it from Germany On the north it hath the Britysh Ocean and on the South it hath a part of the midland Sea called LigusticuÌ„ This is now called FrauÌ„ce and it is deuyded into fower partes Prouince Aquitaine Celticke and Belgycke All that lieth from the riuer Rhone and the mountaines Cemenii now called the mountaines of Auuerne unto the midland Sea betwene the ryuer Uarus whyche runneth out of the Alpes by the city Nicea Of some called the LeuaÌ„t sea and the Riuer Illyberis in the mountains Pirenes beareth the name of the Romane Prouince was also called Braccata of a kinde of short cote which the people of that country did coÌ„moÌ„ly go in It conteyneth Sauoy Delphiuoys Languedocke and Prouince Aquitaiâ—e lyeth betwene the mountaines Pirenes and the ryuer Loyre whiche risinge out of the Mountaines of Auuerne falleth into the west Ocean and is bounded on thoneside wyth the sayd mountaines of Auverne which deuide it from the Prouince and on thotherside wyth the west Ocean It conteyneth Poyters Xanton Lymosin Berrey Auuerne and Angolesme wyth the duchies of Guien and Gascon somtime the inheritance of the kings of England Celtick which was also called Lugdunensis of Lugdunum the chief City of that country now called Lions standyng vppon Soan not farre from the place where it falleth into Rhone runneth throughe the mids of FrauÌ„ce from the west Ocean and the Britysh sea vnto the vpper part of the Rhine is bounded on thoneside with the riuer of Loyre the MouÌ„tain of Auverne and the riuer Rhone whych separate it from Aquitain and Prouince and on thotherside wyth the riuers of Sene and Marne which growyng into one chanel a littell aboue Paris do fall into the Brityshe Ocean and deuide it from Belgick It conteyneth littel Britaine Normandy BurguÌ„dy Swicerland with others Belgicke hath on the South the foresaid riuers of Sene Marne on the East the neyther parte of the Rhyne and on the west and north sides the British or english Ocean It conteyneth Picardy Arthoys FlauÌ„ders Braband Holland GelderlaÌ„d Lorreine c. with al the low country bordering vpon the Rhine and also the I le of Fraunce whose head citye of Paris standeth vppon the Ryuer Sene wherof all the whole country of Gallia toke the name This country hath alwais bene renowmed not only for the fertility of the soile the teÌ„peratenesse of the aire and the abundance of all thynges for mens necessities and pleasure but also and that chieflye for the valiantnesse in armes and practise in Cheualry of thin habiters whereby they both enlarged the boundes of their territorye and also darkened the glory and drowned the name of other Realmes that were neybours vnto them In somuch that the Grekes the chiefe Registerers of worthy actes called all thinhabiters from the riuer of Danow northward by the name of Celtes or Galles Of this countrye were those Galles that vnder the first Brenne who is reported to haue bene a Briton burned Rome the .365 yere after the buildyng therof in the time of the elder DeÌ„nis king of Sicil. Of this countrye were those Galles that vnder the seconde Brenne a hundred and nyne yeares after the foresayde burnyng of Rome slew Ptolomie kyng of Macedonie in thassault of Delphos were oppressed with thunder lightning and tempestes Out of thys countrye issewed those Galles whych beynge called to the aide of the kynge of Bithinia as Trogus reporteth after they had vaÌ„quished hys enemies parted his kingdome with him calling the countrye Gallogrece or Galatia and themselues Gallogrekes or Galatians Of whoÌ„ the prowesse was so redowted that the kinges of the East made not anye warres wherein they hyred not the Galles to serue them and if they were put from their kingdomes thei resorted not to anye other than the Galles for succor And as that marciall ofspring held the kinges of Asia occupied there so their mother countrye in Europe not onelye troubled their neighbours but also vexed and disquietted euen the victorious Romanes vntyll suche time as Iulius Cesar through his greate prowesse good fortune brought theym in subiection to the Romane Empyer FroÌ„ the whyche tyme it receiued both the lawes and laÌ„guage of the Romanes and bare their yoke obediently vntyl the .viii. yere of themperor Honorius whych was the .406 yere after thincarnation of Chryste at the whyche tyme the Frenchmen who as then dwelt vpon the Rhine on the further side being seÌ„t for against one Lucius a Romane president for rauishing a Senators wyfe in the Citye of Triers toke the city and within a while after subdued al Belgicke vnder theÌ„ This was the beginning of the FreÌ„ch dominioÌ„ in Gallia which as it afterward by litle litle came in subiectioÌ„ to theÌ„ toke the name of FrauÌ„ce of theÌ„ For although that mencion be made of them in the liues of diuers Emperors before and that from the reigne of Galien themperours from tyme to time had much a do with them yet notwithstanding they aspyred not to any souereinty before the said reigne of Honorius Of the Original of theÌ„ are diuers opinions Some thinke they inhabited the country by the riuer Sala towards the riuers Mene Rhyne and that in hope of conquest and desier of spoyle at suche tyme as thempier began to decline and wax weak they ioyned vnto them the Almanes and troubled Themperours of the west by whome they were always repressed to their great slaughter and domage Strabo placeth their countrrye betwene the Norikes and Uindelicians Othersome affirme theÌ„ to haue bene a multitude of al sortes of people of Germanye vnited in leage togither defending their liberty against the Empier whereof they tooke their name as frank and free people that wold not be bond or subiect to any maÌ„ But whatsoeuer they were or wheresoeuer theyr dwelling was before they came ouer the Rhine sure it is that since they passed into Gallia they haue with greate good fortune encreased aud pollitiquelye maintained their state vnto this day For after they had laid the foundation of theyr kingdome at Triers vnder Pharamund first ouermatchyng the Almanes their late fellowes and confederates and anon after subduing the Burgonions who somewhat before them entring into Gallia had seised into theyr possession the countryes of the Heduans and Sequans wyth a part of the auncient Romane Prouince whych kepeth their name progenie vnto thys day they
that it stode not with their honour to suffer theyr Landes to be destroyed theyr chyldren ledde into captiuitie theyr townes to be sacked in maner within the sighte of theyr armie The same tyme that the Heduanes made this complainte the People about Neuers Ambarries beyng neere friends and alies of the Heduanes aduertised Cesar that their fiâ—ides were already wasted that they had much a do to kepe their ennemies out of their walled Townes Furthermore the Allobrogians whiche had landes and possessions on thother syde of Rhone People of Sauoye and Dausphâ—ne came flyinge vnto Cesar tolde him that nothing was left them saue the bare grouÌ„de Caesar moued with theis matters thoughte it not good to forslowe the time vntyll the Heluetians hauinge spoyled his friendes were come among the SaÌ„tones People of Gascognie nere Tolouse There is a riuer nowe called Saone whiche through the bouÌ„des of the Heduanes and Sequanes entreth into Rhone so mildely and gently that it is not possyble to be discerned by sight whiche waye the streame runneth The Heluetians with boates and shallops ioyned together had passed the same whereof when Cesar was aduertised by his espialles at suche tyme as three partes of theyr armye were alreadie ferryed ouer the Ryuer and the fourthe parte was yet behynde Aboute the third watche of the night he set out of his campe with three LegioÌ„s and came vpon that parte that hadde not yet passed the Ryuer and settynge vppon them vnwares and out of order slewe a great number of theym the rest toke them to flyghte and hyd them selues in the next woods The Canton where this was doone was called Nowe called Zurich Tigurine For all the whole countrie of Heluetia is deuyded into iiii Cantons or shyres This same one Canton remouynge out of their Countrie in the tyme of our fathers slew Lucius Cassius the Consul and sent his army vnder a yoke So whether it were by chauÌ„ce or by the prouidence of the goddes immortal the selfe same parte of Heluetia whiche had brought so dishonorable a reproche vppon the Romaynes was the fyrst that suffred punishement for it Wherein Cesar reuenged not onely the displesure done to the whole state of his Countrie but also the displeasure done to hym selfe in priuate for as much as the Tigurines in the same battell that Cassius was slayne slew also his Lieuetenaunt Lucius Piso the grauÌ„dfather of Lucius Piso Cesars father in lawe After this discoÌ„fiture to thintent he might ouertake the rest of the Heluetian host he caused a bridge to be made vppon Arar and so passed ouer his armye The Heluetians abasshed at his sodeyne approche wheÌ„ they perceiued he had done as much in one day as they wer scarce able to do in twenty that is to saye passed the ryuer sent ambassadoures vnto hym whereof the chiefe was Diuico whoo in the battell agienste Cassius was captayne of the Heluetians The effect of his treatie was that if the people of Rome would be contented to make peace with the Heluetians they would departe into what quarter so euer Cesar woulde appointe them and there remaine at his pleasure But if he were purposed to pursewe theÌ„ with battell they willed him to cal to remembrance as well the domage that the Romaines had receyued by their nation in tyme past as also the auncient prowesse of the Heluetians And wher as he had assailed one CantoÌ„ vnbewares at suche time as the rest beinge passed the Ryuer coulde not reskewe their fellowes it was noo matter whye he should greatly glory in his own prowesse or despise the Heluetians who had ben in such sorte trained vppe by their fathers and auncestours before tyme as to contende rather by manhod than by deceyte or to couet conquest by suttletie Wherefore it was good for hym to be well aduised that throughe his ouersyghte the place of their preseÌ„t being toke not his name and were made famous by the destructioÌ„ of the people of Rome and thvtter slaughter of his armie To these thinges Cesar made answere in this wise That he had so muche the lesse nede to dowt what he shoulde do in that hee perfectely remembered the thinges which the Heluetian ambassadours hadde made mention of the which greued him so much the more as the people of Rome had lesse deserued them For if their conscience had accused theÌ„ of any wronge done it had ben noo harde matter to haue shonned thinconuenience But herin they were deceiued that neither they knewe them selues to haue committed any thinge why they should be afraide nor thoughte it meete to be afraid without cause But admitte he coulde be contented to forget the former reproche done vnto the Romaynes was it reason hee shoulde also winke at their wrongefull dealynge ageyne of newe in attemptynge to make theim selues passage throughe the Prouince by the sworde whether he wolde or no in that they had molested the Heduanes the Ambarrians and the Allobrogians their glorying so presumptuously in their former victorie and their vauntinge of escapinge so longe vnponnyshed for their wrongefull dealynges hadde brought them to the point they were at For the gods immortal are wont sometime to graunte greater prosperytie and longer respite from ponnyshement vnto suche as they are mynded to chastyse for their offences to th enteÌ„t that when the change came the griefe therof might touche them more nearer the heart Nowe albeit thynges were as they were yet notwithstanding if they wold geue hym pledges that he might perceiue they were willing to performe the things they promysed and moreouer make satisfaction aswel of the iniuries and displeasures done to the Heduanes their adherentes as also to the Allobrogians he was contented to make peace with theim Diuico replyinge saide that the Heluetians hadde bene taught of their auncestors to take and not to geue pledges wherof the people of Rome could beare witnesse them selues When he hadde geuen this aunswer he departed The next day they remoued their Campe from the place where they were and so did Cesar likewise who sent out all his horsemen to the number of .iiii. thousand whiche he had assembled out of all the Prouince and among the Heduanes and their adherentes to discouer towardes what part his ennemies were drawen They pursuinge ouer greedely the rerewarde of their enemies encountred with the Heluetian horsmen in a place of disaduantage and lost certayne of their company The Heluetians being puffed vp with the successe of this skirmish bycause that with fiue hundred horsemen they hadde geuen repulse to so many of our horsemen began to stay more boldely then they were wonte and sundrye tymes out of their rereward to prouoke our men to the encounter Howbeit Cesar restrayned his Souldiers thought it inoughe at that presente to prohibit his enemies from wasting and spoylinge of the Countrie So they continued on their iorney by the space of .xv dayes together in such sort that there was not paste a
Seuones and the rest of the Galles that were borderers vppon the Belgies to learne what was done amongst them and to certify him therof They all agreed in one report that there was nothyng but musteryng of souldiors assembling of their powers into one place Then thought he verily it was not for him to make any more staying in the matter but euen to march against them So when he had made his prouisioÌ„ of corn he dislodged hys camp and within fiftene dayes or thereabouts came into the borders of the Belgies Assoone as he was come thyther whych was vpon the sodein and soner than he was loked for the men of Rhemes who are the vttermoste of the Belgies next vnto the Celtes sent Iccius and Antebrogius two of the chief of their City ambassadors vnto him to declare vnto him that they submitted themselues and all that euer they had to the curtesy of the people of Rome to doe wyth theym what they wolde affirming that they had neither bene of counsel with the rest of the Belgies nor conspired with them againste the Romanes in token wherof they were readye both to geue them hostages to do whatsoeuer they would commaund them whether it were to receiue them into theyr townes or to furnish them with corne and other thyngs They told him that the rest of the Belgies were all in armor that the Germanes whyche inhabit the further side of the Rhine didde take their part and that the madnes of them all was so great that they were not able to withdrawe somuch as the People of Soyssons Swessions being their brothers and nere kinsmen of their own bloud who vsed the same lawes and customes that they did and had all one state of gouernment and one magistrate with theym but that they wold nedes support the same quarel that the rest of the Belgies didde When he enquired of theym what and how great cities were in armor what they were able to do in war he found the matter to stand in thys case That the Belgies for the most part wer disceded of the Germanes who passing the Rhine time out of mind and setling themselues there bycause of the fertilitye of the soyle draue out the Galles that dwelt therâ— before and that they onlye had bene they whiche when al Gallia was troubled in the dayes of our fathers kept the Duchmen and Cimbrians from entring within their borders Wherupon it came to passe that for the remembraunce of those thyngs they had chalenged great aucthority and tooke a pride in their owne doings for feats of cheualry knighthood As touching theyr number the men of Rhemes said they knewe all things for a certeintye bycause that being alyed to them by bloud mariage they vnderstoode by their kinsfolk what number euery one of them had promised to find to the war in the parlameÌ„t of the Belgies The The peple of Beawvoyse Bellouocanes were thei that excelled among them bothe in prowesse aucthority and number of men For they were able to sende a hundred thousand well armed to the fielde of the whych number they had promised threescore thousande of the best and therefore they required to haue the ordering of the whole war committed vnto them The The men of Soysons Swessions were next neybors vnto theym and possessed moste large and fruitefull grounds Amongst whom had reigned euen syns we might remember a king called Diuitiacus the puissantest prince of al Gallia who held the dominion not onlye of a greate parte of theis Countries but also of Britaine and nowe reigned among them one Galba vnto whom for his iustice wysdome the whole charge and administration of the war was by the consent of al men committed They had walled townes to the nuÌ„ber of twelue and promysed to set out fiftye thousande armed men the The people about Tourâ—â—â— People of Arras Neruians as many who are to be counted the sauagest people of them all and are furthest of the * People of Amyens Atrebatians fiftene thousande the * People of Turwin Ambianes ten thousaÌ„d the People of Gelderland Cleueland Morines fiue and twenty thousande the Menapians seuen thousand the * People of Cauiâ— Caletanes ten thousande the Uelocassians and * People of vermanâ—oys Ueromanduanes as manye the * Peopâ—e of Doway Catuakes ninetene thousaÌ„d the CoÌ„drusians Eburones Ceresians and Pemanes whyche may be called all by thonly name of Germanes they supposed to be about forty thousand Cesar encouraging the men of Rhemes making them liberal promis of recoÌ„pence coÌ„maunded al their senate to come before him al their noble mens sons to be deliuered to hym for hostages al that which things were of them diligentlye performed by a day appointed Then he greatly coÌ„mended Diuitiacus the Heduane and declared vnto hym how much it was for the profyt of the common weale for the armies of their enemies to be kept a sunder that he were not constreyned to encounter wyth so greate a power all at ones The whyche thing myght be brought to passe if the Heduanes wolde wyth theyr host enter into the marches of the Bellouacanes and waste theyr country With theis instructions he sent him away and when he vnderstood by such skoults as he had sent abroade and by the information of the men of Rhemes that al the power of the Belgies being assembled into one place was coming toward him and was not now far from hym he made al the hast he could to passe his army ouer the ryuer The riuer of Aesne Axona whych is in thuttermost bounds of the men or Rhemes and there pytched hys Camp In doing wherof he brought to passe that the bankes of the ryuer fortified th one syde of hys Campe and that no enemy could come vpon the backe of hym to do any hurt behynd and that victualles myght be conueyed to hym from Rhemes and other Cities wythout daunger Uppon the same Riuer was a brydge There he set a garrison of men and lefte hys Lieuetenant Q. Titurius Sabinus wyth sixe cohorts on thother syde of the riuer commaunding him to fortify his camp with a Rampire of twelue foot in heighth and a trench of eyghtene foote in bredth Eight myles from this Camp was a Citie belongyng to the menne of Rhemes called Called Brai in the county of Rhetell Bibrar the whych the Belgies in their waye began to assaulte wyth greate violence The townesmen had much a do to holde out that day The maner of assault among the Celts is al one with the maner of the Belgies They assone as they haue beset the walles about wyth theyr multitude and that they haue slung stones on al sides in such sort that the wal is left naked of defendants do cast theyr shieldes ouer theyr heads approching to the gates vndermine the wals The whiche thyng was easy to doe at that time For there was such a multitude of them
and settle themselues in And at the fyrst comming thither of our armye they made often salyes out of the towne skyrmished wyth our men Afterward being enuironed wyth a Rampyre of twelue foote of fiftene myles compasse about beset with castels as thycke as one could stande by another they helde themselues wythin the towne When they saw the Uines framed the mount raysed and a turret a buylding a farre of at the first they began to laugh at it to make a continuall seoffyng at it froÌ„ the wall that so huge an engine should be rered so great a distaunce of demaunding in maner of scorne wyth what handes or wyth what strength specially men of so small a stature for in respect of theyr owne taâ—nes and goodly personages al the Galles for the most part accompt vs but dwarfs hoped to place a towre of such workmanshyp vpon the wall of the towne But when they saw it remoued and approchyng nere the walles abashed at the straunge and vnaccustomed sight therof they sent ambassadors to Cesar for peace who spake to this effect That they beleued the Romanes did not make way without the assistens of the Goddes whych coulde with suche expedicion set forwarde engines of so greate a heighth and bring theim to encounter at hande Wherefore they sayde they submytted theym selues and all that they had vnto theyr curtesy desyring and humbly beseching that if of his mere clemency and gentilnes which by report he had extended towards other he could vouchesafe to saue the Aduaticks he wolde not bereue them of theyr armor For almost al their neybors were enemyes vnto theym and had spight at theyr valeant dooings from whom they were not able to defend themselues yf they shuld deliuer vp theyr armor So that it were better for theym yf they shuld be put to that extremity to suffer ani displeasure whatsoeuer at the hands of the people of Rome than to be butcherlye murthered by theym among whom they had bene wont to reigne like lordes Cesar made aunswer herunto that he wold saue their Citye rather of hys owne accustomed gentilnesse then for any desart of theirs so that they yeelded before the battell Ram touched the wal but no condicion of yelding should be accepted wythout deliuery of their armor For he wold do by theÌ„ as he had done by the Neruians and geue commaundement to their neighbors that they shoulde not offer any kinde of wrong to such as had submitted them selues to the people of Rome When word herof was brought to the Citye they sayd they were contented to do whatsoeuer shoulde be commaunded theym Herupon casting a great quantity of armor ouer the wall into the diche that was before the town insomuch that the heapes of armor dydde ryse welnere to the top of the wall and the rampier and yet as afterwarde was found concealing and kepyng styll wythin the towne aboute the third part they set open their gates and for that daye vsed theym selues peaceably Toward night Cesar coÌ„maunded the gates to be shet hys souldiors to get theÌ„ out of the town that the townesmen shoulde not receyue any displeasure by them in the night tyme. But they hauing layde theyr heads together before as afterward was vnderstood forasmuch as they beleued that our meÌ„ vpon their submission wold eyther set no watch nor ward at all or at leastwyse kepe it more slightly partlye with suche armor as they had reteyned and concealed and partly with tergats made of bark or wrought of wicker which vppon the sodeine they had couered ouer wyth leather as the shortnes of the time required in the third watch wheras the ground was least steepe to come vp the hill to our fortifications yssued sodeinly out of the town wyth al their power But sygnification was soone made hereof by fyres as Cesar had commaunded before and spedye resort was made thither from the bulwarkes Neuerthelesse oure enemyes stood stoutly to theyr tacklyng as became valeant men to do in the last hope of theyr welfare feightyng in a place of disaduauntage agaynst such as threw darts at them from the towres and mounts consideryng there was none other shyft to saue theÌ„ selues then by their manhode In conclusion wyth the slaughter of a fower thousand men the rest were dryuen backe into the towne The next daye after when Cesar came to break open the gates and no man stood at defence he sent in our souldiors sold all the spoile of the town Such as had bought it made an accomt to hym of the nuÌ„ber of thre fifty thousand folk by the pol. The same time P. Crassus whoÌ„ he had sent with one legion to the Uenets People of Uannes Uuels People of Perche Osisines People of Landriguer Curiosolits People of Cornewall Sesuvians People of Roane Aulerks People about Renes Al peoeple of Britaine and Normandye and Rhedones which are hauen townes stand vpon the Ocean sea aduertised hym that all those Cities had yelded wer brought in subiection to the people of Rome After that theis things were dispatched al Gallia brought in peaceable obedience ther went such a report and estimatioÌ„ of thys warre among other barbarous people that from such natioÌ„s as inhabited beyond the Rhine were sent Ambassadors vnto Cesar profering to geue him hostages and do what so euer he shuld commaund them The which ambassades Cesar for asmuch as he had then hast into Italy A part of a country now called Sclauony Illyricum commaunded to repaire to hym agayne in the beginning of the next sommer And so when he had distributed hys legions into garrisons for the winter season among the The country about Charters Carunes The country of Aniow AndiaÌ„s The couÌ„tri about towres beneth the ryuer of Loyre Turones which wer cities nere to those places where he had made war be toke his way in to Italy And for theis things vpon the sight of Cesars letters general supplycation was proclaymed in Rome for fiftene days whych thyng before that time had hapned to no man FINIS THE THIRD BOKE of C. Iulius Caesars Commentaries of his warres in Gallia AT SVCH TYME AS Cesar tooke his iorney into Italy he sent Seruius Galba wyth the twelueth Legion and part of hys horsemen against the People betwene Geneua and S. Mawryce Antuats The country about S. Mawrice Ueragrines The country about Sion in Ualoys Being al people in about the Alpes and Sedunes which inhabit al the countryes froÌ„ the borders of the Allobrogians to the lake Leman and the riuer Rhone vnto the top of the Alpes The cause of his sending thither was that he wold haue the ways ouer the Alpes whych Merchaunts could not passe without great daunger and great 〈◊〉 paying hereafter set open By gaue him leaue to place one Legion there in garrison if he thought good so Galba hauing foughte certayn prosperous battels and
Liseaux Eburouiks and Lexobians hauing kylled their Senotors bycause they wolde not be the authors of thys war had shet their gates ioyned themselues wyth Uiridouix Besydes theis a great multitude of vnthrifts and cut throtes were flocked thither out of all Gallia of those sorte of rascals whom hope of spoile and desyre of warre had wythdrawen from husbandrye and daylye labor Sabinus therefore helde him selfe wythin his Camp in a place mete for all purposes When Uiridouix being encamped against him a two myles of did daily bring forth hys armye and offer him battell insomuch that now Sabinus began not only to be despised of his enemies but also to be cried out vpon and taunted of his own souldiors And he gaue hys enemies so much cause to think that he stood in feare of them that now they durst approche euen to the trenche of hys Camp The which he did bicause he thought it was more then a Lieuetenant ought to doe to encounter with so great a multitude of enemies specially in thabsence of his generall onlesse it were in an indifferent place or vppon some occasion of aduauntage geuen When he had thus confirmed thē in this opinion of his fearfulnesse he chose out a mete person for the purpose a suttle fellowe one of the Galles that he had in his retinew for his ayd and persuaded him with great rewards and large promises to steale ouer to his ennemies geuing him instructions what he should do Thys fellow comming thither like a runnagate reported what feare the Romanes stoode in and declared howe sore the Uenets had distressed Cesar him selfe assuring them that the next nyght after at the furthest Sabinus wold steale priuelye with his armye out of hys camp and take his way toward Cesar to succour him When this was hearde they cryed out all with one voice that so faire an occasiō of good successe ought not to be let slip and that the Camp was to be assaulted out of hande Manye things pricked forward the Galles in this deuice as the pawsyng of Sabinus the dayes before the warranting of the runagate the want of victualles for the whiche they hadde made verye slender prouision the hop◠of the good successe of the warres about Uānes and bicause men commonly are willing to beleue such thyngs as they woulde haue come to passe Moued with theis perswasions they wolde not suffer Uiridouix and the reste of the Capteynes to depart out of counsell before they had graunted theym that they should arme theym selues and march to our Camp The which thing being agreed vnto they came meryly toward vs wyth theyr shreds and fagots that they had gathered to fyll vp the dyches as if the vyctory had bene theyr own out of al cry The place where our tents wer pitched was somewhat highe rysing by littel and littel from the bottome about a thousand paces Hyther they came runnyng a great pace to thintent they wolde geue the Romanes as littel leysure as they could to gather together and arme themselues insomuche that by that tyme they came there they were cleane out of breath Sabinus after he had encouraged hys men gaue them token of encounter whyche they sore desired And perceyuyng hys enemyes to be troubled wyth the burthēs that they bare commaunded yssue to be made out vpō them sodenly at two gates It came to passe by meanes of thaduauntage that we had of the groūd through thunskylfulnes of our enemyes that had ouerweried thēselues before and through the prowesse of our owne souldiors practysed in former conflicts that they were not able to abyde one pushe of vs but by and by tourned their backs Whom combered in that sort our men freshe and lusty encounteryng with slew a great number of them and our horsmen ouertaking the rest left but few of theym that saued theym selues by flyght So all at one tyme Sabinus was certified of the battel on the sea and Cesar of Sabines victorye and immediatly therupon all the Cities yelded to Titurius For as the harts of the Balles are cherefull and forward to take warres in hand so are theyr courages faynte and nothyng stout to beare out aduersities At the same tyme almoste P. Crassus comming into Aquitaine the which as is sayd before both for the largenesse of the Countryes and multitude of people is to be counted a third part of Gallia when he perceyued that he must make warre in such a place where a few yeares before Lucius Ualerius Preconius a Lieuetenant was put to flyght and his army slayn and from whence L. Manlius the Uiceconsull was glad to scape by flyght wyth the losse of all hys stuffe and cariages he sawe it stode him in hand to looke well aboute hym and to take good heede Wherfore hauing made prouisiō of graine gotten aid as well of horsmē as footmen and moreouer called vnto him by name many valeant personages oute of Tolowse Caracassone and Narbone which are Cities bordering vpon the Prouince of Gallia he led his army into the coūtry of the People about Tolouse Sontiats The Sontiats hauing knowledge of hys comming before assembled a great power both of footmen also of horsmen wherein consisted their chief strength and encountryng our army by the way first begā the battel wyth theyr horsmen The which being put to flight as our men of armes chaced theym sodenlye they shewed their footmen whom they had laid in a valley for a stale They setting on our men disordered began the battell again The feight was long and cruel the Sontiats for the trust they had in theym selues by reason of their former vyctoryes thynking that the welfare of Aquitaine consisted in their manhod and prowesse and our men desyring to shew what they could do without their Generall and without the rest of their Legions hauing but a yong man to theyr Capteine At length our enemyes ouercome wyth woundes tooke them to flyght Of whom after that a great number had bene slayne Crassus in his way began to assault the head Citie of the Sontiats and when he saw theym stande stoutly at defence he builded Uines and Towres They on thother syde somtime issuing out and sometyme drawyng Mines to the Mount and Uines in which feat the Aquitaines are very cunning bicause that amōg thē in many places are yron mynes when thei perceiued our men to take so good hede of them that they could nothyng at all by those meanes auaile sent Ambassadors to Crassus and desyred that he wold take theym to mercy The whych request obteyned they deliuered their armor as was commaunded them Whyle the mindes of all oure men were busyed herabout out of another part of the towne Adcantuan chief gouernor of the Citie wyth syxhundred sworne brethren whome they call Soldures whose state and condicion is suche that they participate and enioy alike all commodities of thys lyfe wyth them to whō they haue vowed their frendship and that if any thing happen vnto them otherwyse
obteining a mete season he commanded all his power both of horsmen and fotemen to go a boord Whyle all mens mindes were busyed heraboutes Dumnorix wyth the Heduan horsmen began to depart homewarde out of the camp wythout Cesars leaue When Cesar heard tidinges therof staying hys vyage and setting al other thinges asyde he sent a great part of his horsemen after him to pursew hym cōmaunding to fet him backe again and if he made any resistence wold not be ruled he bade kyll him for he thought he would not deale like an aduysed person in hys absence that durste disobey hym in hys presence Dumnorix being called backe made resistence and began to defende himselfe wyth hys sword callyng vppon his men for helpe and crying oftentimes out that he was a free man of a free Citye Notwythstandinge they as was commaunded them beset hym about and slew him and so all the Heduan men of armes returned vnto Cesar. After that this matter was dispatched leauynge Labienus in the maine land wyth thre Legions and twoo thousand horsmen to kepe the hauēs and prouyde graine to learn what was done in Gallia and to deale aduisedly as tyme and occasion should require Cesar hymselfe with fyue Legions like number of horsemen as he left in the mayne land at the sunne going downe loosened frō the shore and beinge dryuen wyth a soft Southwest wind the which also about midnight fell could not kepe hys course but beyng caryed further wyth the tyde about the dawnynge of the day beheld Britaine left a litle on the left hand Then folowing again the chaunge of the tyde he endeuoured by force of Ores to attaine to that part of the Ilande where he had found to be best landing the last sommer before Wherin the courage of our souldyers was much to be cōmended in that wyth their shyps of burthen being heauy loden through continual rowyng without ceasing they made away as fast as the Galleyes So wee arryued in Britayne wyth all our ships euen about hygh noone neither was there any enemy sene in that place Howbeit as Cesar vnderstode afterward by hys prisoners there was a great power assembled thither the whych beyng abashed at the number of oure shyps wherof together with the victailers shyppes and suche as euery man had made for hys owne occupying were aboue eyght hundred in syght all at one tyme withdrew them selues frō the riuage and hid them in the higher groundes Cesar after he had set his army a lande and taken a place mete to encamp in whē he had learned of hys prisoners in what place the power of his enemies abode left ten Cohortes thre hūdred horsmen at the seas side to kepe his ships and immediatly after the thyrde watche marched to warde hys ennemyes so much the lesse fearing hys shyps bicause he had left them ryding at anchor in an woosye and opē shore and he appoynted Q. Atrius to see to the sauf keping of his ships Himself after he had gone about a twelue miles in the nyght time discouered the host of his enemyes They comming with theyr horsmen chariots to a ryuers side began to beat vs backe frō the hygher ground and to encounter with vs. But in the end being put to repulse by our horsmen they hyd thē selues in the woods where they had gotten a plot excellently wel fortified both by nature and mans hande the which place as it should appere they had prepared before hande as a hold for their own ciuil warres For by cutting downe the trees euerye where they had foreclosed al the entrances in and they themselues issuing out of the woodes here some and there some a few in a cōpany made defēce and wold not suffer our men to come wythin theyr fortifications Neuertheles the souldiers of the vii legion making a shed and casting vp a banke to theyr fortifications won the place and draue theim out of the woodes wyth the receyte of a fewe wounds Howbeit Cesar forbade his men to pursue them ouer farre both bycause he knewe not the nature of the place also bicause the greater part of the day beyng now spent he wold haue some time left for the fortifying of hys camp The next day folowing early in the morning he sent hys horsmen fotemen forth in thre battels to pursue them that were fled They had not gone but a littel way insomuch y◠the hindermost were yet in fight whē certaine horsmen came from Q. Atrius to Cesar bringing him word that the last night there arose a marueylous tempest whyche had shaken almost all hys ships and cast them a land so that neyther anchor nor Cable could holde nor the shipmen gouernors endure against the violens of the storme by meanes of the whych beating together of his shyps much hurt was done When Cesar heard theis newes he whylled hys Legions and horsmen to be called back and to cease of their iorney and he himself returned to his ships where he sawe as muche in manner wyth hys eyes as was reported to him by messages and letters so that wyth the losse of a forty shyppes the rest might with much a doe be mended And therefore he chose suche as were Shypwryghtes out of his Legions and cōmaunded others to bee sent for out of the mayne lande Also he wrate vnto Labienus that he should make as many shyppes as he could wyth the help of those Legiōs that he had Moreouer althoughe it were a worke of great toyle and labor yet notwithstanding he thought it most for hys behoofe to haue all hys ships drawen a land and ioyned in one fortification with hys Camp In doyng herof he spent ten dayes not respityng hys souldiers frō their labour so muche as the nyght tyme. When he had drawen hys shippes a land throughly fortified his camp he left the same power to garde hys ships that was there before and returned himselfe to the place he came fro At hys comming thither a greater power of the Britons was assembled out of all coastes into the same place The chief gouernement of the Realme and ordering of the warres was by common aduyce commytted to Cassibelan whose Seniorie is seuered from the Cityes towarde the sea coast by a ryuer whyche is called Tems about fowerscore miles of frō the Sea Thys Cassibelan in tymes past had contynuall warre wyth the Cities adioyninge but the Britons being moued wyth our coming had chosen him to be their souereine and made him General of the warres The inner part of Britaine is inhabited of suche as by wytnesse of their auncient recordes were borne and bred in the I le and the sea coast by such as haue passed thither out of Belgicke to fetch bootyes to make war Al the whych wel nere are called by the same names that the Cities are where they were borne and from whence they first came remayning there styl when the warre was done and tillinge the grounde The country
After he had spent many dayes therein and had lost many of hys people yet could not breake down any part of their fortificatioÌ„s he returned againe to besiege LemouicuÌ„ The same time C. Fabius receiueth many cities by composition and byndeth theym wyth hostages and is aduertised by Caninius letters of those things that were done among the Pictones Upon the knowlege wherof he setteth foorth to rescow Durace But DuÌ„nacus hauing vnderstanding of Fabius comming forasmuch as he thought he shoulde be in hazarde to lose all if at one instant he should be compelled both to abide the Romanes hys forrein enemies and also to haue an eye stand in feare of the townes men retyred sodeinlye wyth all hys power out of the same place he could not thinke himself to be sufficieÌ„tly in saufty before he had passed his army ouer the riuer Loyre which bicause of the greatnesse thereof was to be passed by a bridge and not otherwyse Although that Fabius was not yet come with in sight of hys enemies nor had ioyned himself wyth Caninius yet forasmuch as he was throughlie enformed by such as knew the coast of the countrye he beleued verely that hys enemies wold not goe to that place towarde the which they made theyr iorney Therfore he marcheth wyth his army too the same bridge where his enemies had passed and commaunded his horsemen to go no further before the battell of his fotemeÌ„ than they might when they were at the furthest retire into the same caÌ„p wythout tiring of their horses Our men of armes as was commaunded them ouertoke the hoste of Dumnacus and set vppon theÌ„ and assayling them flying and amazed vnder their fardelles as they iorneyed slewe a great nuÌ„ber and tooke a great pray and so wyth good successe retired into theyr camp The next nyght folowyng Fabius sent his horsmen before so furnished as that they might encounter and stay al the whole army vntill he might ouertake them Q. Titatius Uarus the LieuetenaÌ„t of the horsemen a man of singular courage and wisdome exhorted his company to follow thys hys couÌ„sel who ouertaking the host of hys enemies disposed certain of his troopes in places conuenient and wyth the rest of his horsmen gaue charge vpoÌ„ hys enemies The horsemen of the enemy fought wyth them so muche the more boldly bicause the fotemeÌ„ serued them by turnes who through the whole battell as often as theyr horsemen had occasion to staye did succor them against our men Thencounter was verye sharpe For our men despising theyr enemies whom they had vanquished the day before and remembring that the battell of their footemen folowed at hand for shame to geue grounde and for desier to dyspatche the battell before theyr comming fought verye valiantly against the footmen On thother side oure ennemies beleuinge that no greater power more had folowed after accordinge as they had sene the day before thought a meete opportunitye had bene offred them to destroye oure horsemen vtterlye When they hadde foughte a good whyle very egerly DuÌ„nacus made a battel to rescow his men of armes by turne But sodeinly our enemies espied our Legions come close together at the sight of whoÌ„ theyr horsmen were stricken in such a feare the footemen were so amazed that breaking through the aray of theyr cariages with a greate noyse and trampling they gaue themselues euery where to flight Then our men of armes who a littell before hadde theyr handes full being heartned with ioy of the victory raised a great shout on all sides and castinge them selues about theÌ„ as they gaue way made slaughter of them as farre as theyr horses breathes wold serue to pursue them and theyr armes wold serue to strike them Insomuch that hauing slayne aboue twelue thousaÌ„d of armed men and of such as for fear had cast away their armor they toke all theyr cariages as many as were of them Out of the whych chase for asmuch as it was certainly knoweÌ„ that there escaped Drapes the Senon who assone as Gallia fyrste began to râ—bell gathering to him the ruffions out of al places calling the bondmen to libertye and enterteyning the outlawes of all countryes had like a thief cut of the cariages victuals of the Romanes was going towarde the Prouince wyth a fyue thousand men and not aboue which he had gathered out of the chace and that Lucterius of Cahors alied hym selfe wyth him who in the former treatyse is knowen to haue made a voyage into Prouince at the first insurrection of Gallia Caninius the Lieuetenant with two LegioÌ„s pursued after them least to the disquietnesse and losse of the Prouince some great dishonor might be receiued by the theuery of those lewd vnthrifts C. Fabins with the rest of tharmy went agaynst the Caruntes and thother Cytyes whose power he knewe to be abated in the same battell that was fought agaynst Dumnacus For he doubted not but he should find theym more treatable to deale with by reasoÌ„ of the late ouerthrow wheras if he should geue theÌ„ time of respit by thinstigation of the sayd Dumnacus they might be raysed agayn In the whych enterprise Fabius had maruelous good lucke and spede to recouer the Cities For the Caruntes who had bene disquietted ofteÌ„times before and yet wold neuer make mention of peace nowe geâ—ing hostages came in subiection And the rest of the Cities whych are situate in the furthest partes of Gallia borderyng vpon the sea whyche are called Armorike folowing thexample of the Caruntes at the comming of Fabius wyth his Legions condescended to hys commaundemeÌ„tes without delay Dumnacus being driuen out of his owne country waÌ„dring and lurking in corners alone was compelled to seeke thuttermost countryes of al Gallia But Drapes and Lucterius wheÌ„ they vnderstode that Caninius approched wyth hys army perceyuing they could not wtout manifest peryll enter wythin the bounds of the Prouince considering how the army pursewed theÌ„ nor yet raunge abroade and go a theuinge at theyr pleasure stayed together in the country of the Cadurkes There Lucterius who in times past whyle he was in his prosperitye was able to wey greatlye wyth hys countrye men and had gotten great estimation amonge the rude people as one that was euer a practiser of new deuises he toke wyth hys owne power and the power of Drapes a Towne called Urellodunum whych had ben in hys tuicion a place excelleÌ„tly wel fortified by the situacion therof and causeth the townesmen to take part wyth him Unto the whyche towne when Caninius oute of hande was come perceyuinge that all partes of the same were fortified with cragged clyffes insomuch that though no maÌ„ were there to defend it yet were it a harde matter for men in harnesse to get vp and seing that the mouables of the townes men were great the whych if they shoulde goe about to steale priuely away wyth they could not only not escape theyr horsemen but also not escape theyr fotâ—men he deuided his Cohorts into thre