foot whereof is watered by the River Chier It stands 32 Miles almost W. of Luxemburg VII Stenay Stenay Lat. Stenaeum or Stenacum is a strong City upon the Meuse on the Borders of Champagne and Lorrain The French took it in 1654. and annexed it to the Dukedom of Bar in Lorrain It stands Eight Miles W. of Montmedy VIII Damvilliers Damvilliers is a strong little Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburg but annexed to the Dukedom of Lorrain It was taken by the French in 1659 given them since by the Treaty of the Pyrenees and dismantled by the same in 1673. It stands 31 Miles W. of Thionville IX Maisiers Maisiers is a little Town on the Moselle about 25 Miles S. of Luxemburg X. Durbuy Durbuy is another small Town with the Title of a County on the River Ourt nigh the Bishoprick of Liege subject to the French ever since 1681. It stands 20 Miles almost S. of Liege and 26 almost E. of Namur and Dinant XI Bastoigne Bastoigne or Bastonach Lat. Bactonia and Bactonacum near the Forest of Ardenne is so well Built and of so great Trading that the People of the Country call it Paris in Ardenne It stands 25 Miles N. W. of Luxemburg XII Vianden Vianden is a considerable Town with the Title of a County on the little River Vra and about 21 Miles N. of Luxemburg XIII Arlon Arlon Lat. Arlunum is a strong little Town on the Borders of Lorrain dignified with the Title of a Marquisate in 1103. and seated upon a Hill where the Ancient Inhabitants were wont to adore the Moon about 14 Miles W. of Luxemburg Article X. Of the County of Hainault Lat. Hannonia THIS Province is bounded on the North with Brabant and Flanders Bounds on the West with the Scheld which parts it from Artois and part of the French Flanders on the South with Cambresis Chumpagne and Picardy and on the East with part of Brabant and the County of Namur Extent It s Extent North and South is about 60 Miles and about 70 West and East It bears the Title of Earldom Name anciently called Saltus Carbonarius from the abundance of Char-coal made in the Woods and Forests of it and now Hainault from the River Haine that runs through it The Air is here temperate and the Soil very fruitful Quality the Country being well watered by Rivers Lakes c. which do much enrich it so that the Country abounds in most places with fresh Meadows and sweet Pastures good Fruit and profitable Trees but especially with great plenty of Corn. There are also Lead and Iron Mines and Quarries of excellent Marble The Principal Rivers here are Rivers 1. Sambre which here washes Landrecy Armiers Maubeuge and runs into Namur 2. Scheld which washes Bouchain and Valenciennes and runs into Flanders 3. Haine which washes Binch and Mons and falls into the Scheld near Conde 4. Dender which here washes Leuse Aeth and Lessines and runs into Flanders This Province is said to contain 24 Walled Towns Towns c. and 950 Villages among which there are reckoned One Principality 10 Counties 12 Peerages 22 Baronies 26 Abbies with One Earl-Marshal a Seneschal a Great Huntsman a Chamberlain and divers other Officers whose Places are Hereditary Rainier I. Sirnamed Long-neck is accounted the first Earl of Hainault History he had 21 Successors to Charles V. King of Spain and Emperor of Germany in the Possession of whose Successors to the Crown of Spain Hainault continued till the French got the greatest part of it by force of Arms. The most Remarkable Places in Hainault are To the French Mons. Cap. Binch Conde Valenciennes Bouchain Soignes Roccles Quesnoy Bavay Maubeuge Beaumont Landrecy Avesnes Chimay Marienburg Philippeville To the Spaniards Lessines Aeth Enghien Halle Braine-le-Comte Fountain or l'Evesque Places of Hainault Subject to the French I. Mons. MONS named Berghen by the Natives Lat. Montes or Montes Hannoniae is situated on a Hill near the River Trulle It is large and well fortified with good Bulwarks and three Ditches with Sluces that may drown all the Country round about except the Eastern side where the Ground is somewhat higher and where they have raised good Bastions This Town has fine Buildings and an old Castle and is famous for its Trade good Workmen and the Abbey of Canonesses of St. Waltrude They are Virgins of Quality who are present at the Morning Service in Canonical Habit but wear Secular Cloaths the rest of the day and are permitted to Marry The Ancient Earls of Hainault took the Title of Earls of Mons. This Town is in the Possession of the French who carried it after a vigorous Siege and Gallant Defence of the Town in 1691. It stands 27 Miles S. W. of Brussels 37 W. of Namur 39 S. of Ghent and 48 almost E. of Arras Long. 23 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. II. Binch Binch or Bins Lat. Binchium is situated upon a Branch of the River Haine within 10 Miles E. of Mons. It is an ancient and pleasant City in a fertile Country abounding in all manner of Game and the Air is very good for which reason Mary Queen of Hungary Sister to the Emperor Charles V. Built in it a very fine House which the French ruined in 1554. after the taking of Marienburg and Dinant It has been sincere-built and called Marimont The French are Master of it since 1668. it being yielded unto them by the second Article of the Peace of Aix la Chapelle since which they have repaired it and added some Fortifications to it III. Conde Conde Lat. Condatum or Condate is situated on the Banks of the Scheld with the Title of Principality The French took it in 1676. and rendred it a very Important Place It has given its Name to many of the Royal House of Bourbon since Francis of Bourbon Count of Vendome Married Mary of Luxemburg Eldest Daughter and Chief Heiress of Peter of Luxemburg second of the Name Count of St. Paul Conversion Soissons Viscount of Meaux Lord of Enghien Conde c. This Town stands 13 Miles W. of Mons. IV. Valenciennes Valenciennes Lat. Valentianae or Valentincanae is a very ancient pleasant and strong Town upon the Scheld It 's thought our Ladies Church there was Built by King Pepin There are several other considerable Churches and Colleges a fine Town-house The Inhabitants are noted for Commerce and Riches This Place was Besieg'd in 1656. by the Mareschals of Turenne and La Ferte Senneterre but Don John of Austria back'd by the Valour of the Prince of Conde raised the Siege and took Mureschal La Ferte Prisoner Lewis XIV having laid Siege to it in 1677. carried it by Assault by the favour of one of the Gates which was half open and to save it from Plunder forc'd the Inhabitants to be at the Charge of Building a Cittadel It stands 17 Miles almost W. of Mons 41 S. W. of Brussels and 43 S. of Ghent
N. E. of Bruges and 14 S. W. of Middleburg Long. 22 d. 34 m. Lat. 51 d. 24 m. II. Sas-Van-Ghent Sas-Van-Ghent is a small place but so strong by reason of its situation and fortifications that it is accounted impregnable Yet the Hollanders took it in 1644. It stands 11 miles N. of Ghent Long. 23 d. Lat. 51 d. 20 m. III. Ardenburgh Ardenburgh is also a small place but very strong in Flanders subject to the Hollanders It stands 20 miles N. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 22 m. Article II. Of the Dukedom of Brabant Lat. Brabantia THIS Dutchy is in a manner an Island encompassed with Rivers having the Meuse on the East and the Nort the Demer on the South which runs through part of this Province and the Schelde on the West with the Ocean on the side of Breda and Bergin-Op-Zoom So that it borders part of the Country of Gelderland Bounds and the Bishoprick of Liege on the East The Country of Hainault and the Country of Namur on the South Flanders and part of Zealand on the West and Holland and another part of Gelderland on the North. Its Extent Extent South and North is about 70 miles and about 60 West and East Quality The Air is generally good and wholesom the Soil is very Fertile except some of the Northern parts which are somewhat sandy and barren The Cities are very fine whereof there are 26 Walled and Strong Towns not mentioning others of less importance and about 100 Villages Villages History The Brabanders are descended from a Colony of Saxons brought from beyond the Elbe by Charlemaign and planted in this Country in 806. Divers Authors say that Anchises or Anchisices Father to Pepin of Haristol was Lord of Brabant Charlemaign and his Children were Masters of this Country until such time as Otho Son to Prince Charles of France Duke of Lower Lorraine being dead in 1004. without being Married Brabant became the Portion of Gerbege second Daughter to the same Charles of France and his first Wife Bonne of Ardenne Married to Lambert II. Earl of Monts and Louvain the Founder of the Branch of the Duke of Brabant and Lothier at first they took only the Title of Earls but 1235 Henry I. took the Title of Duke of Brabant and Lorrain Philip III. called the Good recollected the succession of the Duke of Brabant which he left to Charles the Rash his Son Father to Mary of Burgundy who carried it into the House of Austria by her Marriage to Maximilian afterwards Emperor This Country has been fruitful in illustrious Men and Learned Writers The Rivers Rivers here besides the Meuse and the Scheld are Demer Dommel Senne Aa Dyle Gias Jeckes Nephte both great and small and Mert there is also a great number of small Lakes and Ponds Brabant comprehends the Marquisate of the Holy Empire whose Capital is Antwerp the Lordship of Mechlin the Dutchy of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergues the County of Hooghstraet the state of Maestricht formerly that of Liege and 19 Baronies Louvain was in time past Capital of this Province but now Brussels Brabant is divided into four parts 1. Dutch-rBrabant in which the most remarkable Places are Boisleduc Bish Cap. Breda Bergen-Op-Zoom Grave Ravestein Helmont Eyndenhove Maestricht Lillo 2. Spanish-Brabant properly so called which comprebends Brussels Cap. Louvain Leuwe Arschot Duke Nivelle Tillemont or Tienen Judoigne Gemblour Lire Diest Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye 3. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Malines which has Malines or Mechlin Arch. To keep to my General division I shall give you here the Description of the Dutch and Spanish Brabant and reserve that of the Mâ—rquisate and Lordship of Malines for the two following Articles Chiefs Towns belonging to the Hollanders in Brabant I. Boisleduc BOisleduc Bolduc or Bosleduc Lat. Boscum-Ducis Sylva-Ducis Bolducum and in Dutch Hertogenbosch the Capital of the Dutch-Brabant with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines is situated upon the River Domel which there receives the Aade and afterward the Diese and discharges it self about two Leagues from thence into the Meuse at the place where it formeth the Isle of Bommel Boisleduc is built in a plain where there was a Hunting Forrest belonging to the Dukes of Brabant But Duke Henry going to oppose the incursions which those of Guelder-land made into his Country caused this Wood to be cut down in 1172. where the Foundations of this City were laid which Duke Jeffery finished in 1184. Pope Paul IV. erected it into a Bishoprick in 1559. and Francis Sonnius was its first Prelate The Bishops now are but Titular and make their residence at Goldorp since Boisleduc is fallen into the hands of the Hollanders This City is naturally strong as well by its situation as by its fortifications It is environ'd with Rivers and Meadows covered with Water so that the Avenues to the Town are upon artificial Causeys made turning and winding and commanded by one or other of the six Forts built at some distance without the Town Its Ditches are filled with the Waters of the said Rivers which enter into the City by divers Channels very commodious to the Inhabitants They are almost all Soldiers tho' they do not neglect Trade which occasioneth this saying That the Inhabitants of Boisleduc are Warlike Merchants The City is large fair well built and very populous The Cathedral Church of St. John is one of the most sumptuous of the Netherlands with a very fine Clock The Market-place is environed with fine Buildings where 10 of the greatest Streets do end The Hollanders became at last Masters of it in 1629. by the Valour and Conduct of Frederick Henry Prince of Orange This City stands 43 miles N. E. of Antwesp and 50 almost S. of Amsterdam Long. 24 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 42 m. II. Breda Breda is seated on the River Mereck with the Title of Barony which comprehends now about Seventeen Villages but it had more formerly and Berg-Op-Zoom did then depend upon it Breda had anciently particular Lords of its own and was sometimes in Possession of the Dukes of Brabant but John III. Duke of Brabant sold it again in 1350. to John Polon Lord of Lieck who left an only Daughter Johanna Married in 1404. to Engelbert of Nassau Henry of Nassau begun the Castle of Breda where the Tomb of Renatus of Nassau is to be seen in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter founded about 1303. This City suffered very much during the War between the States and the Spaniards The Prince of Parma took it from the Vnited Provinces July 18. 1581. Maurice of Nassau became Master of it against in 1590. by a Boat loaden with Turf under which he hid 60 Souldiers who rendered themselves Masters of the Castle and he afterwards took the City by Capitulation They tell a very remarkable thing of one of these Soldiers that was hidden under the Turf viz.
now partly under the Turks and partly under the House of Austria that has made it almost Hereditary It lyes betwixt the 39 and 47 degrees of Longitude Situation and betwixt the 45 and the 49 degrees of Northern Latitude This Kingdom part of the Ancient Pannonia is called Magiar by the Turks Name Wiergieskas by the Sclavonians Hungarland by the Germans Onheriae by the Italians and Spaniards Hongrie by the French and Hungary by the English It is bounded by Transilvania on the East by Russia and Poland on the North Bounds by Moravia Austria and Styria on the West and by Servia and Bosnia on the South Form It is square and its four Corners front the four parts of the World The Air is here unhealthful chiefly to Strangers Air. and it breeds abundance of Vermin so that it is not safe to Encamp in one Place above a Month. Waters The Waters except that of the Danube are not good there are some Springs whose Water is Mortal increasing and decreasing with the Moon and is quite dried up when the Moon is full There are also some Springs which change Wood to Stone and Iron to Mud whence is afterwards made the best Copper hot in Winter frozen in Summer Others whose Water is sourish and salt They have also Baths and Medicinal Waters In the Country of Zolien there is also a Gulph whose Pestilential Vapours kill the very Birds that fly over it The Soil is very fruitful so that 't is thought Hungary could supply all Europe with Corn. Soil The Pasture-grounds are wonderfully good and there is such a plenty of Fowls Venison Fowls Fish Fishes Venison and Cattel that Country People live commonly on wild Boars and Stags and sometimes feed their Hogs with Fish a Thousand Carps have been sold under eight Shillings Cattel Horses Mines and more than 80000 Oxen have been driven in one Year out of Hungary to Vienna There are also good Warlike Horses and many Salt Gold Silver Copper and Tin Mines the richest are in the Mountains betwixt Buda and Strigonia The highest Mountains here are Crepach or Carpathian Mountains towards Poland and Transylvania Mountains Earldoms There were formerly about 77 Earldoms which are now reduced to 50. The chief Rivers are 1. The Danube or Danaw Lat. Danubius the greatest River of Europe Rivers which rises in Germany at the foot of a Mountain called Abnuba in the Black Forest in Suabia It runs through Suabia Bavaria Austria and Hungary and here washes Presburg Komora Gran Buda Belgrade Semendria and some other places of less note and so goes into Walachia Servia and Bulgaria and disburthens it self into the Black Sea by six or seven great Streams with so much rapidity that its Water continues fresh for 20 Leagues From the Source to the Mouth are reckoned above 700 Leagues and all the way a very fine Country The upper part is called Danube and the lower Ister which latter name it is by most Authors said to take at its Cataracts near Axiopolis It receives 60 other Rivers 30 of which are Navigable The chief are Inne Iller Leck Ens Morau Vag Drave Save Tibisc or Teiss the four last are in Hungary Tho' this River rise from a very small Fountain yet there is none in Europe comparable to it for length breadth and deepness of its length we have heard it is called broad by way of eminence above all other Rivers for its depth Jornandes writes that it is 200 Foot deep in many places Then as to the quality of the River it is for the most part coloured like Whey and very wholesom both to Drink and Bathe in It has many sorts of excellent Fishes and some poysonous It is very often frozen in the Winter The number of its Mouths which is seven in all is controverted because two of them are dead and marshy but Five great Streams all agree on of which two only are Navigable This River has had many Naval Fights upon it between the Turks and Christians at one time were 20 Galliots 80 small Pinnaces and little less than 100 Ships of Burthen imployed upon it in a Siege of Buda At the Siege of Belgrade Mahomet the Great brought 200 Ships and Gallies up the Stream the Hungarians sent a like number from Buda which after a sharp Encounter took many of the Turkish Ships and forc'd the rest on Shore and burn'd them In this present War also great Fleets have been fitted out on both sides on the Danube some of the Ships carrying 30 Guns 2. The Drave or Drau Lat. Dravus has its Source in the Alps runs through Carinthia Stiria and Hungary and here falls into the Danube 3. The Save or Saw Lat. Sava has its rise in Germany in the Vpper Carniola near to Carinthia and then running Eastward through both the Carniola's and separating Sclavonia from Croatia Bosnia and Servia after a Course of 300 Miles falls into the Danube a little above Belgrade 4. The Teiss or Tibisk of which 't is commonly said that two parts are Water and the third Fish The other Rivers here of less note are the Raab which forms an Island of the same Name The Marisch the Vag the Gran Lakes and the Sarvithze which comes out of the Lake Balaton besides which there are also the Lakes of Newdsiler and Beczkerk The Hungarians are more inclined to War than to Arts or Trading Manners they are Cruel Proud Revengeful and so divided among themselves that it is no wonder if they be exposed to the Barbarians They speak several Languages and chiefly Latin which is familiar to them They eat and drink with excess and live very nasty in their Houses yet the Gentlemen live nobly and are great Lovers of Horses Hunting and Feasting They are only stately in their Gardens and Baths and provided their Palaces be large they care not how ill furnished they be They hate the Germans though the Nobles seem to stick to the House of Austria to save themselves from the Oppressions of the Turks who value a Peasant as much as a Gentleman The greatest strength of this Kingdom consists in light Horse called Hussars Strength their Foot Souldiers are called Heiduques The Clergy the Barons the Nobles and the Royal and Free Towns Government make Four Bodies or States The States are to meet once in three Years according to the Laws of the Country and they have Right to Elect the Palatine who by the Laws of the Land is to be a Hungarian and has the whole direction of the War and Judicature Nevertheless Croatia dependent of Hungary has a Viceroy who has as much Authority as the Palatine There are in Hungary two Archbishopricks viz. Strigonia and Colonitz and 16 Bishopricks Archbishopricks Bishopricks five under the Archbishop of Strigonia eight under that of Colonitz and three Suffragan of Spalato in Dalmatia The Hungarians were Converted to Christianity by Gisle St. Henry's Sister
34 Miles N. W. of Raab 46 E. of Vienna and 95 almost N. W. of Buda Long. 38 d. 14 m. Lat. 48 d. 25 m. II. Newhausel Newhausel Lat. Neofolium called Owar by the Hungarians stands upon the little River Neutra or Nitrach it is little but strong and Capital of a large Country It is Built in a Moorish Plain which is hard at the bottom so that it is passable every where Its Fortifications are in form of a Star with six Rays having at each point a high raised Bastion The place is surrounded with a Ditch full of Water of a Rod and a half deep and eighteen in breadth It has only two Gates and before each of them there is a Half-moon without any other Outworks but a covered Way The Turks made themselves Masters of this Place in 1663. And on the ninth of July 1685. Prince Charles of Lorrain with the general Officers of his Army having reviewed it resolved to attack it On the 16th of August he defeated the Serasquier that marched to relieve it took twenty pieces of Cannon some Mortars with Bombs and four Standards three days after the Town was carried by Assault after a Siege of 40 days and all the Garrison put to the Sword There were 100 Brass Cannons found in it with Plate and other Booty to above the value of two Millions This Town lies 36 Miles E. of Presburg 12 N. of Komora and 64 N. W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 10 m. Lat. 48 d. 23 m. IV. Tyrnaw Tyrnaw or Dyrn or Tyrn is upon a River of the same name in the County of Transchin The Archbishops of Strigonium used to make here their Residence when Strigonium was in the possession of the Turks In 1414. twelve Jews and two Women exercised in this Town an unheard of Cruelty upon a Christian Child for having entic'd him into their House they opened his Veins and receiving the Blood drank some and laid the rest up for some other uses then cut the Body in pieces and buried it in a Cellar Yet Notwithstanding this precaution they were discovered apprehended and condemned to be burn'd alive When they were put to the Torture they were ask'd what put them upon such a horrible Cruelty They answered it was because they were taught by their Ancestors that the Blood of a Christian was a powerful Remedy to stop the Blood in Circumcision Secondly because it was a Philtre which created Love in those that eat Meat steep'd in it Thirdly That it did stop the overflowing of the Months and the Hemorrhoids Fourthly That it was to observe their ancient Custom of offering the Blood of a Christian to God yearly adding that the Inhabitants of that City were enjoyned to perform their Sacrifice about that time This Town stands 28 Miles North East of Presburg and 72 almost N. W. of Newhausel Long. 38 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 44 m. V. Cassovia Cassovia or Casehaw Lat. Cassovia is seated upon the little River Tareza which empties it self into the Teys It is the Capital of the County of Abamwivar and is very well fortified and tho' one at the Royal Free-Towns owns the Emperor as King of Hungary to whom it was subjected in 1685. It has the best Arsenal in Hungary and stands 86 Miles N. E. of Buda Long. 41 d. 50 m. Lat. 48 d. 40 m. VI. Agria Agria by the Germans called Eger by the Hungarians Eclaw is seated upon a River of the same name which about three Leagues farther falls into the Tibisc with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Strigonia This City is small but so well fortified that it is accounted one of the strongest Holds of Hungary It was besieged by Soliman in 1552. without effect This Siege is so memorable that 't will not be amiss to relate some particulars of it When Soliman came before this Place with 70000 Men it was neither strong by Nature or Art but the Courage of the Garrison supplied that defect There were in it 2000 Hungarians and 60 of the chief Nobility with all their Wives Children and Moveables They bound themselves by Oath to hold to the last extremity and put all their Provisions into publick Magazines when the Turks summon'd them they shewed them a Coffin from the Battlements signifying that they would rather dye than surrender The Town was battered 40 days with 50 Pieces of Cannon and the Turks making three Assaults in one Day were repulsed with the loss of 8000 Men. The instances of the Courage of Women during this Siege are almost incredible The Turks being so terrified with such Prodigies of undauntedness in both Sexes raised the Siege and the Garrison Sallying out kill'd a great number of them and took all their Baggage In 1596. Mahomet III. made himself Master of this Place after having defeated the Forces sent to relieve it and the Infidels contrary to the Capitulation Murthered the Garrison From that time Agria continued in the Hands of the Turks till it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1687. after a Blockade of three years during which there died of Hunger and Diseases above 10000 Turks When the Garrison was forced to Capitulate The Governour fearing lest the Imperialists should retaliate what had been done in 1596 would not surrender till the Emperor sign'd the Articles Four thousand Inhabitants went out with the Garrison 300 staid and demanded Baptism and abundance of Christian Slaves were released They left 150 Canons seven Mortars and some Provisions behind them This City stands 38 Miles N. E. of Buda and 50 S. W. of Cassovia Long. 41 d. 5 m. Lat. 48 d. 2 m. VII Colozsa Colozsa is a declining City on the Danube the head of the County of Bath with an Archbishoprick taken from the Turk by the Imperialists in 1686. It stands 54 Miles S. E. of Buda and 44 S. W. of Zolnock Long. 40 d. 50 m. Lat. 46 d. 54 m. VIII Zolnock Zolnock Lat. Zolnochium is a considerable City of Upper Hungary situate upon the Tibisc or Teys and Capital of a County that bears its own Name It was taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in 1685. It stands 44 Miles N. E. of Colocza between Buda and Great Waradin 56 Miles of each Long. 41 d. 43 m. Lat. 47 d. 25 m. IX Waradin Waradin or Great Waradin or Wardin is situate upon the River Kerez in the borders of Transilvania to which Principality of latter times it belong'd It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colozsa defended by a strong Castle that stands on the East and good Ramparts with 5 royal Bastions and a good regular Ditch which may be fill'd upon occasion with the River-Water Within there is another inclosure of five Bastions and an high Wall which may serve instead of a Cittadel This City was taken by the Crim-Tartars in 1642. who left it soon after In 1290. Ladislaus King of Hungary built here the Cathedral Church In 1660. it was taken by the Turks and recovered by the Imperialists
sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish
once a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It was anciently accounted a Colony of the Thebans called Pedasus by the Poets Epea by Pausanias and Corone by Strabo and Pliny The Figure of this City is an irregular Triangle At one of the Angles there is a great Tower built in 1463. by the Venetians for a Magazine the two other sides that are not washed by the Gulph that bears its Name leave a space wide enough to go round the Fortress which is environ'd with an old Wall of an unequal thickness flank'd with great Towers and a little way further towards the East there is a Suburb with 500 Houses This City has had several Masters Baudrand thinks that it was yielded to the Venetians by the Despotes Princes of Morea but Verdizzotti assures us that they never had it before the Division of the Eastern Empire In 1204. it was surprized by Leo Veteran a Genoese Pyrate but after he had been Executed at Corfu Coron returned to its Lawful Masters the Venetians from whom it was taken by the formidable Army of Bajazet II. in 1498. The Spaniards under General Doria took it from the Turks in 1533. and soon after were forced to leave it In 1685. General Francisco Morosini made himself Master of Coron notwithstanding the Vigorous Defence of the Besieged and the Succours that came to their Relief Several Men of Note lost their Lives during the Siege which lasted 49 days and among the others the Commandeur La Tour General of the Land Forces of Maltha the Prince of Brunswic the Prince of Savoy and Captain Ravagnin All the Turkish Garrison was put to the Sword This Town stands 15 Miles N. E. of Modon Long. 46 d. 20 m. 35 d. III. Calamata Calamata called by Baudrand Thelame Theramme Thuria and Abia is an unwalled Town of the left side of the River Spirnazza or Pamissus It is seated in an open Country of the Province of Belvedere is pretty well peopled and had a good strong Castle of a Regular Fabrick In 1659. General Morosini made himself Master of it by a Stratagem and abandon'd it after he had burn'd it and the Country round it The same General took this Castle again in 1685. and soon after caused it to be razed IV. Navarin Navarin or Zunchio Lat. Navarinum Nelea Pylus Messeniaca the Birth-place of the famous Nestor is called Javarin by the Turks It is divided into the new and old City The old is built upon a steep Rock which runs into the Sea and makes its situation very strong besides what Art has done to render it as it were impregnable On the left side thereof is the new City on the side of a Hill fortified with good Walls and a Cittadel with six Bastions built by the Turks in 1572. at the bottom whereof is a Haven the best and most capacious of all the Morea The entrance of this Harbour is commanded by the Cannon of the old Navarin In 1644. Sultan Ibrahim chose this Haven for the Rendezvouz of his Fleet consisting of 200 Sail design'd against Candia In 1498. the Turks after the Surrender of Modon took Navarin from the Venetians and kept it till 1686. when General Morosini appearing before old Navarin with 200 Sail Commanded by General Coningsmark forced the Garrison to a Surrender But the New Town made a stout Defence in hopes of being Relieved by the Serasquier of Morea then upon his March General Coningsmark leaving the Management of the Siege to Chevalier Alcenago fought and defeated the Serasquier upon which the Town Surrendred It stands 13 Miles N. of Modon and 28 almost W. of Coron Article III. Zaconia or Braccio Di Maina THIS Province is the largest of the four into which Morea is divided Bounds It Borders Chiarenza on the North Saccania on the East the Sea of Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Belvedere on the West It was formerly called Lelegia Aebalia Name Argia and Laconia There are many huge Rocks Caves and Precipices which render this Country subject to frequent Earthquakes The Principal Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Matapan of which we shall make a particular Description 2. Cape Onugato 3. Cape Maleo or Ale di san Michiel The Places of Note in this Province are Malvasia Archb. Cap. Misitra Zarnata Chielefa Passava Maina I. Malvasia Malvasia or Napoli di Malvasia anciently called Epidaurus or Epidaurus Limera and sometimes Monembusia is seated near the farthest South-Eastern Cape called Cape Maleo with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople Is is built upon a Rock whence it has a pleasant Prospect both into the Sea and the adjacent Country It is also surrounded with the Sea and joined to the Continent by a Timber-bridge yet it has Springs of good fresh Water sufficient both to serve the City and their Gardens This City is of a very great strength being only approachable on the South side and there it is defended by a good Tripple Wall Next to this Wall there is a Suburb with a good number of Houses walled about with a strong Rampart There is also a very convenient Harbour defended by the Fortress It s Soil is very fruitful in Grapes of which is made the most exquisite Wine in all Greece and so much fam'd through all the World It yields also as much Corn as serves to maintain 60 Persons which considering the natural strength of the Place are enough for a Garrison This City owes its Foundation to a Colony of Argos and was anciently famous and much frequented on account of Aesculapius's Temple Tho' this place seem impregnable yet it was taken in 1204. from the Emperor of the East by the French and Venetians under the Command of Baldwin Count of Flanders the same that was Crowned Emperor of Constantinople and retaken again from William a French Baron to whom it was given by Baldwin Whereupon he resigned his Right to the Venetians who attacked it with a powerful Fleet and kept it till 1537. that they Surrendred it to Soliman to Purchase a Peace In the Candian War they took it again by Storm plundered burnt it put most of the Inhabitants ro the Sword carried away the Cannon and then left it The Turks afterwards rebuilded it In 1689. the Venetians Besieged it again under the Command of the Doge Morosini who being called home by the Senate on Septemb. 14. left it block'd up by three Forts and a Squadron of light Frigats On the 10th of August 1690. it was Surrendred to the Venetians being the last Town in the Morea that withstood them It stands 50 Miles almost E. of Misitra and 100 S. of Setines Long. 48 d. 5 m. Lat. 35 d. 40 m. II. Misitra This City was first called Sparta then Lacedaemon and now Misitra It is one of the Antientest of the World and the most famous of Greece Authors vary much about its Foundation some ascribe it to Spartus Son to King Amicla others to Sparta Wife to a
THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE BEING A Geographical and Historical Description of those Parts of EUROPE which are most Famous in this Present War Viz. I. Flanders II. The Rhine III. Savoy IV. Catalonia V. Hungary VI. Greece With an Account of the several Revolutions of those Places either by Conquest or Treaties of Peace particularly from the Treaty of Munster in 1648. to this present time By A. BOYER Gent. London Printed for Tho. Salusbury at the King's-Arms near St. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet MDCXCIV The CONTENTS SECT I. Flanders GEneral Division p. 1. Chap. I. Of the Netherlands in General p. 1. Chap. II. Of the Catholick Provinces or Flanders in general p. 3. Art 1. Of the County of Flanders p. 6 Art 2. Of the Dukedom of Brabant p. 22 Art 3. Of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire p. 35 Art 4. Of the Lordship of Malines p. 37 Art 5. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland p. 38 Art 6. Of the Dukedom of Limburg p. 48 Art 7. Of the Bishoprick of Liege p. 42 Art 8. Of the County of Namur p. 48 Art 9. Of the Dukedom of Luxemburg p. 51 Art 10. Of the County of Hainault p. 55 Art 11. Of Cambresis p. 63 Art 12. Of Artois p. 65 Sect. II. The Rhine Chap. I. Description of the River Rhine in general p. 73 Art 1. Of Alsatia p. 75 Art 2. The Palatinate of the Rhine p. 85 Art 3. The Archbishoprick of Mayence or Mentz p. 95 Art 4. The Archbishoprick of Treves or Triers p. 98 Art 5. The Archbishoprick of Cologne p. 102 Art 6. The Succession of Cleves and Juliers p. 108 Sect. III. The Duke of Savoy's Dominions Chap. 1. Savoy p. 121 Chap. 2. Piedmont p. 132 Chap. 3. County of Nice p. 146 Chap. 4. Montferrat p. 149 Sect. IV. Catalonia p. 153 Art 1. Description of the Places of Note under the Spaniards p. 156 Art 2. Catalonia belonging to the French p. 162 Sect. V. Hungary Art 1. Hungary p. 166 Art 2. Transylvania p. 190 Art 3. Podolia p. 194 Art 4. Moldavia p. 196 Art 5. Walachia p. 198 Art 6. Bulgaria p. 200 Art 7. Servia p. 202 Art 8. Rascia p. 205 Art 7. Bosnia p. 207 Art 10. Sclavonia p. 209 Art 11. Croatia p. 212 Art 12. Dalmatia p. 214 Sect. VI. Greece p. 223 Chap I. Albania p. 227 Chap. II. Epirus p. 230 Chap. III. Macedon p. 232 Chap. IV. Thessaly p. 235 Chap. V. Achaia p. 238 Chap. VI. Morea p. 245 Chap. VII Of the Islands about Greece p. 262 ERRATA PAge 4 l. 1 read Graveline p. 33 l. 7 r. Neerlanden p. 65 r. Art XII p. 134 l. 20 r. Masseran THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT I. THE Places of Europe which are now most famous for Great Actions and Warlike Exploits may be reduced to six viz 1. Flanders 2. The Course of the Rhine 3. Savoy and Piedmont 4. Catalonia 5. Hungary 6. And Greece I shall begin with Flanders because it is the most remarkable of them all as being the Field where our Glorious Monarch has so often signaliz'd his Conduct and Bravery at the Head of our Gallant Englishmen CHAP. I. Of the XVII Provinces or Netherlands in general THese Provinces were known to the Romans under the Name Name of Belgium at present they are called sometimes Low-Countries sometimes Netherlands and sometimes Lower Germany from their Situation on the lower part of the Rhine They are bounded on the South with France on the East with Germany Bounds on the North and West with the Ocean Their extent Extent is from the 49th d. 10. m. to the 53. d. 37. m. of Latitude and from the 21. to the 26. d. 28. m. of Longitude in form somewhat Triangular being in length from the Northest parts of Groningen to the South parts of Luxemburg 264 miles and in breadth from the West parts of Artois to the East parts of Luxemburg 192 miles Division They are divided into XVII Provinces which are IV. Dukedoms viz. Brabant Limburg Luxemburg Gelderland VII Counties viz. Holland Zealand Zutphen Flanders Artois Hainault Namur I. Marquisate of the Holy Empire V. Lordships or Baronies viz. Mechlin or Malines Vtrecht Over-Issel Friesland Groningen To which we may add the Archbishoprik of Cambray and the Bishoprick of Liege which are inclosed in them These Provinces were first Conquered by the Romans History afterwards by the French and then divided into several Governments depending on the Crown of France till the year 1305. reduced to one by Philip Duke of Burgundy of which house is the King of Spain Then they passed to the Crown of Spain by Mary Henrietta Heiress of the House of Burgundy The Emperor Charles the Vth having gotten from Francis I. King of France his Prisoner at Madrid a renunciation of the Old right the French had to Flanders was sole Master of these Provinces But in the year 1581. some of them openly revolted from Philip II. his Son King of Spain having two years before made their Vnion at Vtrecht to secure themselves from the Cruelties and Barbarous usage of the Duke of Alva their Governour Since that there are in the Netherlands two very different States the one is a Republick called the Vnited Provinces or Holland from the chief of them The other belongs to the King of Spain under the name of Catholick-Provinces or Flanders the principal of them but is possessed partly by the Spaniards partly by the Hollanders and partly by the French as you shall see in its proper place The Vnited Provinces are eight in number viz. 1. The County of Holland 2. The County of Zealand 3. The Barony of Vtrecht 4. The Dukedom of Gelderland in part 5. The County of Zutphen 6. The Barony of Over-Issel 7. The Barony of Groningen 8. The Barony of West-Friesland These Provinces being not as yet the Seat of War 't would be beyond my purpose to say any thing more of them and therefore I pass to the Catholick-Provinces CHAP. II. Of the Catholick-Provinces or Flanders in general THE Spanish Netherlands or the nine Catholick Provinces commonly called by the general name Name of Flanders the principal of these Provinces including the two Fees of the Empire viz. the Archbishoprick of Cambray Bounds and the Bishoprick of Liege are bounded on the North with the Ocean and the Vnited Provinces On the West or North-West with the Ocean On the South and South-West with France and on the East with Germany Their Extent Extent South and North is about 140 miles from Thionville in Luxemburg to Boisleduc in Brabant and about 150 West and East from Gravelins in Flanders to Aix la Chapelle on the confines of the Dukedom of Juliers Flanders is generally one of the best and most plentiful Countries in the World Quality extremely Populous and full of excellent Towns and Villages its Air is good its Soil most Fertile the People good natured hardy and laborious This Countrey was once so very rich
Riches that the King of Spain's Revenues from thence when he had all was greater than any Prince in Christendom the King of France excepted but at present the charge of keeping is much greater than the Revenues The strength Strength of these parts is very great but it s best and strongest places are in the possession of the French and for a long time the Spaniards have not been able to keep those they have still without the help either of the English Dutch or Brandenburghers The Traffick Traffick in Flanders has been always very great but now nothing so much as formerly by reason of the prodigious increase of the Vnited Provinces in these late years It chiefly consists of several sorts of Manufactures as rich Tapestries fine Camlets Serges coloured Says Mock Velvets great quantities of fine Linnen Damasks Cambricks Taffaties Points Laces and striped Stuffs for Beds which are transported into many Countries all sorts of Ribbons Bastard Sattins and many other things of this Nature made at the Cities of Mons Ghent Brussels Ypres Lille Bruges Mechlin Valenciennes c. The Inhabitants Inhabitants of these Provinces consist of Flemmings Walloons Spaniards with some intermixture of French Dutch and English especially at present The Religion Religion among them is various according to their several Nations In those places which are in the Possession of the Spaniards and French that of the Roman Church is only publickly allowed and the Protestants tolerated out of Policy by the Spaniards only On the contrary in those places that belong to the Hollanders the Protestant is only publickly exercis'd and the Popish suffered in private The Archbishopricks and Bishopricks are all Roman Catholick The Languages Language most generally used in these Parts are the Walloon and Flemmish The Walloon is a corrupt French spoken in Artois Hainault Namur Luxemburg French-Flanders part of Brabant and the Bishoprick of Liege The Flemmish or Low-Dutch is a Dialect of the German spoken in the Marquisate Mechlin part of Brabant Flanders and part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Spanish is also much in use among the King of Spain's Subjects and the French among the better sort The German has been lately introduced there by the Duke of Bavaria Governour of the Spanish Netherlands The Principal Rivers Rivers in these Parts are the Maes or Meuse and the Scheld or Escaut 1. The Maes Lat. Mosa has its source in France near Mount de Vauge in the Bishoprick of Langres in Champagne passes through Charlemont Bouvines Dinant Namur where it receives the River Sambre Liege Maestricht Venlo Grave and Dort and falls into the Wahal a branch of the Rhine near Hervoerden where it takes the name of Merwe and having form'd an Island called Ysselmonde near Dordrecht runs into the Ocean 2. The Scheld has its source in Picardy a Province of France and having wash'd the Towns of Cambray Valenciennes Tournay Ghent and Antwerp and embraced the Island of Zealand it falls into the Ocean big with the Waters of the Rivers Lys Lieve Dendre and Rupel In these Provinces are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks 2. viz. Cambray and Mechlin and eleven Bishopricks Bishopricks 11. viz. Antwerp Boisleduc Bruges Ghent Ruremond and Ypres under Mechlin Namur Arras St. Omers and Tourney under Cambray and Leige under Cologne in Germany Here are also 155 Cities or Walled Towns Towns 155. besides those in Cambray and part of Gelderland Chief City and 6867 Villages Villages 6867. besides the Castles Forts and Noble Mens Houses which are almost innumerable The Chief City of the whole is Antwerp but Brussel is now adays the most remarkable being the seat of the Spanish Governour The Chief City of the French is Mons of the Hollanders Boisledue or Maestricht and of the Bishop of Liege Liege The Government Government of this Country belongs by right to the Spaniards but at present they have only the Marquisate Mechlin Spanish about 3 quarters of Brabant nigh half of Limburg and Flanders a quarter of Hainault with some of Gelderland The French have Artois Cambray Luxemburg Namur three quarters of Hainault French nigh half of Flanders and a quarter of the Bishoprick of Liege The Hollanders have above half of Limburg Dutch above a quarter of Brabant a sixth part of Flanders and a small part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Bishop of Liege has above half of that Province Flanders comprehending the Cambresis the Country of Liege Division and part of Gelderland is divided into twelve parts viz. 1. The County of Flanders Ghent Bish 2. The Dukedom of Brabant Brussel Capital 3. The Marquisat of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Mechlin Mechlin Archbp. 5. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland Gelders 6. The Dukedom of Limburg Limburg 7. The Country of Liege Liege Bish 8. The County of Namur Namur Bish 9. The Dukedom of Luxemburg Luxemburg 10. The County of Hainault Mons 11. The Cambresis Cambray Archbp. 12. The County of Artois Arras Bish Article I. Of the County of Flanders properly so called Comitatus Flandriae FLanders is the first County of the Low Countries and the most considerable and noble in all Christendom some derive its Name Name from Flandrina Wife to Lideric II. Prince of Buc and great Forester of Flanders who governed it under Charlemaigne and Lewis the Debonair Others fetch it from Flambert Nephew to Clodion King of France who having married Blesinda Daughter to Golâ—uerus King of the Ruthinians drove the Romans out of the Belgick Gaul This Province borders on the North the Ocean and the Mouth of the Scheld Bounds called the Hont that divides it from Zealand On the West the Ocean and part of Artois On the South Artois and Hainault And on the East part of Hainault and Brabant It is extended South and North about 66 miles Extent and near as much West and East It is a very fine and rich Country Quality most plentiful in Corn and Pastures it has Fish in abundance affords Kine and Warlike Horses There are in it 28 or 30 Walled Towns Towns and some others of no small consideration 1154 Villages Villages 48 Abbeys Abbeys and a great number of Priories Priories Colledges Colledges and Monasteries Monasterys It is in most places so populous that the Spaniards who followed Phillip II. in Flanders were used to say that the whole was but one City It has five Viscounties viz. Ghent Viscounts Ypres Furnes Wynoxberg and Haerlbeck 3. Principalities Principalities viz. Steenhuyse Gavre and Epinoy Ports 4. Famous Sea-ports viz. Dunkirk Newport Ostend and Sluys And 31 Chattelenies or Castelanships This Province was heretofore governed by Earls which did Homage to the King of France History as did also Philip Duke of Burgundy after that Flanders was fallen to him by marrying Margaret Daughter of Lewis Malatin Earl of Flanders in
made himself Master of Bonn Keiserswert c. which were retaken in 1689. by the Brandenburghers and restored to the right owner This contest about the Election of the Archbishop of Cologne is the more remarkable that it was the first sparkle that kindled the War which has raged these 5 years through most part of Christendom Cologne stands 25 Miles E. of Juliers 68 almost N. of Triers 70 S. of Munster and 74 N. W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. 32 m. Lat. 50 d. 55 m. II. Bonn. Bonn is situate upon the Rhine 14 Miles almost South of Cologne in a very fine Country environed with Hills and covered with Vines and Wood. Several Authors think that it was built by the Trojans after the destruction of Troy However it is certainly the Ara Vbiorum of the Ancients and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Ptolomy It s name was also found in some Medals of Augustus related by Goltzius under the name of Colony Col. Julia Bona. It is a regular Fortification the Walls are faced with Brick and the Ditch which is dry is pretty broad but the Counterscarp is none of the best As for the Town it self it is small and poor yet remarkable as being the ordinary Residence of the Elector of Cologne who has there a very fine Castle and curious Gardens in the Neighbourhood The Town-House is also very well built with divers Paintings and a Clock with a melodious Chime after the fashion of the Country There are still fine Churches to be seen the principal of which is dedicated to the Holy Martyrs Cassius Florentius and Malusius This Town suffered much in the first Wars of the Low-Countries and was fiercely attackt partly by the Bavarians and partly by the Troops of the Duke of Parma who carried it at last by Famine in 1588. In this City Frederick of Austria chosen in opposition to Lewis of Bavaria was Crowned Emperor in 1314. It was in times past an Imperial City but now it is under the Archbishop of Cologne In 1673. the Prince of Orange now King of Great Brittain having taken Naerden and secured Holland by a part of the Army he marched with the rest into Germany and joined part of the Confederate Troops to Besiege Bonn which had been put into the French Kings hands by the Elector of Cologne and the taking this Place forced the French to withdraw his Forces out of the united Netherlands The French made themselves Masters of it again in the beginning of this late War Lewis XIV having given Troops to Cardinal Furstemburg to maintain his pretended Right to the Electorate It was besieged in Summer 1689. by the Elector of Brandenburg who after having almost ruined it with Bombs took it by Capitulation At the last Siege of this Town they found a Vault in which there was an Iron Chest that was full of Medals of Gold to the value of 100000 Crowns the Metal was Ducat-Gold and the Impressions made for Roman but very ignorantly as being not above four or 500 years old some few of them that seem'd true were of the latter Greek Emperors III. Rhineberg Rhineberg or Rheinberg Lat. Rhenoberga is a little but very strong Town situated upon the Rhine in the Borders of the Dukedom of Cleves It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1633. and continued under them till 1672. when it was taken by the French and restored to the Elector of Cologne the Right Owner It stands 42 Miles N. W. of Cologne IV. Keiserswert Keiserswert Lat. Colonia Traja Cayserswerda and Insula Rheni is a very mean but well fortified Town upon the Rhine It has a broad Ditch very regular Fortifications and high Walls faced with Brick as is also the Counterscarp which is in very good condition This Town was first Mortgaged to Adolph Duke of Cleves by Charles IV. Emperor of Germany Gerard Duke of Cleves Brother of Adolph sold it to the Archbishop of Cologne for 100000. Florins about An. 1399. and in 1464. it was finally with Bielstem and Frederberg confirmed to him in exchange for Soest and Santen by John Duke of Cleves The French had possest themselves of it for Cardinal Furstemberg but the Elector of Brandenburg retook it in 1689. It stands six German Miles beneath Cologne to the N. W. V. Nuis Nuis or Nuys Lat. Novesium is seated on the Rhine where it receives the River Erpt. It is an ancient strong City and famous for the resistance it made against Charles the Rash Duke of Burgundy who besieged it a whole year It has been often taken and retaken during the late Wars of Germany It stands 22 Miles N. W. of Cologne VI. Andernach Andernach stands on the Rhine by the Borders of Triers 15 Miles almost S. E. of Bonn it was once Imperial but now subject to the Elector of Cologne Article VII The Dukedoms or the Succession of Cleves and Juliers Lat. Ducatus Clivensis Juliacensis THE Country of Cleves Juliers Berg Mark Bounds Ravensberg and Ravestein are about the Rhine but so strangely dispersed that it is hard to determine their Bounds One may say however that they border the Vnited Provinces on the North the Catholick Provinces on the West the Archbishoprick of Triers on the South and Hesse and Westphalia on the East Their extent North and South is about 100 Miles Extent and about 70 East and West including the Electorate of Cologne which is incircled in them Quality The Air is here pretty cold The Soil fertile in Corn Wine in some Places and Pastures The Principal Rivers Rivers here besides the Rhine are Roer and Lipe which fall both into that the first at Duysburg the other at Wesel There are also several springs of Hot Waters and some Marishes The succession of Cleves and Juliers is divided into six Territories Division viz. 1. The Dukedom of Cleves Cleves 2. The Dukedom of Juliers Juliers 3. The Dukedom of Berg Dusseldorp 4. The County of Mark Dortmond 5. The County of Ravensberg Ravensberg 6. The Lordship of Ravestein Ravestein Dukedom of Cleves THE Dutchy of Cleves lies part on this and part on the other side the Rhine having the Dutchy of Berg County of Mark and part of Westphalia to the East Brabant and part of the Dutchy of Gelderland to the West The Archbishoprick of Cologne and Territory of Aix la Chapelle to the South Overissel and the Provinces of Zutphen to the North. This Country is about 15 Leagues in length and four or five broad The soil tho' hilly Extent Quality and much covered with Wood is very fruitful in all kind of Grain and abounds with good Pasture and great Quantity of Game Cleves is a sovereign Family of Germany extinct by the Death of John William Duke of Cleves History Juliers Mons c. in 1609. without issue by either of his Wives Jacqueline of Bade Daughter of Philibert Marquiss of Bade or Antoinette of Lorrain Daughter to Charles II. Duke
had a good Cittadel but William Duke of Cleves and Juliers was obliged to demolish it by one of the Articles of the Treaty made with the Emperor Charles V. It belongs now by Right to the Duke of Newbourg but the Hollanders are in Possession of it THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT III. The Duke of Savoy's Dominions THE Territories by Right belonging to the Duke of Savoy Bounds are bounded on the East chiefly by the Dukedom of Milan on the South by the Sea and part of the Commonwealth of Genoa on the West by Provence Dauphine and Bresse in France and on the North by the Lake of Geneva and Switzerland It is a very irregular oblong Figure being in length from Geneva in the North parts of Savoy to the most South Eastern parts of Montferrat about 190 Miles Extent and in breadth from the most Western parts of the County of Nice to the most Eastern parts of Montferrat about 120 Miles The Principal Rivers Rivers in these parts are 1. Po called Eridanus by the Poets which here washes Salusses Carignan Turin Verua and Casal and so goes into Milan 2. Tanare which here washes Ceve Quieras Alba and Asti and runs into the Po in Milan 3. Doere or Doria which washes Aoust and Ivrea and falls into the Po a little above Verua 4. Iser which washes Moustiers runs by Montmelian and goes into France Here are two Lakes Lakes besides that of Geneva viz. 1. That of Bourget and 2. That of Anneci Here are also the Alps and the Appennine the most famous Mountains Mountains in Europe This Country towards the North is generally barren Quality because of the Mountains but towards the South it is exceeding fruitful in all things necessary as Corn Wine Oyl Fruits Venison Cattel Cheese Chesnuts Hemp Flax Minerals and several Quarries of Marble Here is considerable Trading Trade in many good Commodities as Paper Fustians Raw-silks Hides Cloaths Linnen Thread Iron-work Fir-Trees for Masts of Ships c. yet Money is pretty scarce in most Places The ordinary Revenue Revenue of the Duke is said to amount to 1800000 Crowns yearly yet upon extraordinary Occasions he can raise much larger Sums Strength The number of Souldiers which he may conveniently raise is reckoned about 30000. The Religion Religion generally allowed of here is the Roman Catholick yet the Protestants called Vaudois have the free exercise of their Belief in some Valleys of Piedmont The Language Languge here spoken is most commonly the French or at least a Dialect of it the Italian is also very much used In this Country are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks viz. Turin and Moustiers and thirteen Bishopricks Bishopricks viz. Fossano Ivrea Mondovi and Salusses under Turin Anneci Aoust and Maurienne under Moustiers Acqui Alba Asti Casal and Vercelli under the Archbishop of Milan and Nice under that of Ambrun in France Division The Duke of Savoy's Dominions are commonly divided into four parts viz. 1. Dukedom of Savoy Chambery 2. Principality of Piedmont Turin 3. County of Nice Nice 4. Dukedom of Montferrat Casal Of these the French have Nice part of Montferrat and the greatest part of Savoy the Duke of Mantua has about half of Montferrat the Prince of Massarano has a little part of Piedmont the Prince of Spigno a little of Montferrat so that the Duke of Savoy has but the greatest part of Piedmont and about one half of Montferrat CHAP. I. Savoy Lat. Sabaudia SAvoy Lat. Sabaudia or Sapaudia is one of the finest Sovereign Dutchies in Europe Bounds It Borders the Lake of Geneva Swisserland and the County of Burgundy on the North the Province of Dauphine in France on the West part of Dauphine and of Piedmont on the South and Piedmont and Vallais on the East It s Extent Extent from the South-East to the North-West is about 110 Miles and from the East to the West about 80. The Air is here Cold because of the Mountains always covered with Snow Quality and the Country generally barren however the Valleys yield Corn and Wine the Mountains good Pastures and all manner of Game and the Lakes and Rivers store of good Fish there are also a great many Walnuts and Chesnut-Trees and Forests of other Trees The principal Rivers Rivers here are the Isere Arche and Arve and the Lakes Lakes are two viz. that of Bourget and that of Anneci The Savoyards are generally good-natured laborious and hardy Manners but the Wit of the generality is none of the quickest The Religion publickly allowed is the Roman Catholick This Province was of old possessed by the Alltrobroges Centrones Brannovices History Antuates or Nantuates Latobrigi and Sabaudi It was part of Gallia Narbonensis and of Celtica or Lugdunensis and obeyed to the Romans Upon the declining of the Roman Empire under Honorius Savoy was left as a prey to several Barbarous Nations since that it made part of the Kingdom of Burgundy from whence it came under the Dominion of the Princes that at present are possest of it who derive their Pedigree from one Bertoldus or Beroldus who in the Beginning of the XIth Century was the Rise of this Family The Learned are very much at difference about the Birth of this Prince and his Extraction some derive it from Ancharius Marquiss of Yvree others from Hugo King of Italy and Duke of Provence others say that he was Nephew of Hugo Capet King of France and others make him a Descendant of the Counts of Macon Above fourscore Historians of several Nations follow Guichenon who derives his Genealogy from Wittekindus the Great Duke of Saxony and Angria Father of Witibert Duke of Angria who had two Sons Bruno and Walpert this last was Duke of Angria and Count of Ringelbert and left Immed Duke of Engern who by Huine Countess of Chiren had Hugo Marquiss of Italy who was Father of this Beroldus Earl of Savoy and Maurienne and had for his Successor Hambert Sirnamed White-hands But some French Authors of late viz. Chorier and Du Bouchet have endeavoured to make out that there was never any such Man as Beroldus of Saxony and have found or rather fancied that this Humbert was Grandchild of the Emperor Lewis the Son of Boson the Son of Benvil Count of Ardenna descended from Pharamond or as others will have it from Charlemaign Beroldus and some of his Successors were but Counts of Savoy and Maurienne several Territories were afterwards added to their Dominions And the Emperor Sigismund dignified them with the Title of Dukes in 1417. They now call themselves Dukes of Savoy Chablais Aost and the Canton of Geneva Princes of Piedmont Marquisses of Salusses Counts of Geneve Romont Nice Aste and Tende Barons of Fauligni Lords of Verceilles Marquisses of Italy Kings of Cyprus since Lewis of Savoy who Married Charlotte Daughter to John King of Cyprus and Vicars of the Empire since Thomas the First
Wing of the Confederates Army being over-powered by the French who were much Superior to them in number his Royal Highness the Duke of Savoy commanded a Retreat which was executed in very good order the Germans carrying Seven or Eight Pieces of Cannon along with them and the Spaniards Five or Six The French got the Victory yet was their Loss greater than that of the Confederates for their Army which before the Battel consisted of 36000 Men was by their own Confession reduced to 30000. That of the Duke of Savoy consisted of 22000 of which they found but 5500 missing viz. 1500 of the Emperor's Troops as many of his Majesties of Great Brittain and Duke of Savoy's Forces and 2500 of the Spaniards The most considerable Loss of the Confederates was Duke Schomberg who having done Wonders at the head of his Regiment received a Mortal Wound of which he died 13 days after CHAP. III. The County of Nice THis County lies between the State of Genoa and part of Piedmont on the East Bounds the Mediterranean Sea called here Mare di Genoa or Riviera di Ponente on the South Provence in France on the West and Piedmont on the North. This Country is for the most part rough and mountainous Quality yet it is so well manured that they have little need of their Neighbours only some Places are defective in Wheat which they are supplied with from Piedmont and Provence It is divided into Six parts viz. The Vicariates of 1. Nice Bish Cap. 2. Barcelonnette 3. Solpello 4. Puerin The Counties 5. Bueil 6. Tende To which we may add the Principality of Oneglia incircled in the State of Genoa which belongs to the Duke of Savoy and that of Monaco which belongs to its own Prince The most Remarkable places in the County of Nice are Nice Bish Cap. Villa Franca Monaco Princip Oneglia Princip Tende Barcellonette I. Nice Nice Lat. Nicia is seated upon the Shore of the Mediterranean Sea at the foot of the Alps with a capacious Haven and one of the strongest Castles in Europe between the River Vas and Villa Franca It has the Title of an Earldom and Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ambrun and was Built by those of Marseilles and probably took its Name from some Victory they obtained against the Ligurians The City at present is great splendid and populous it has a Cathedral three Parishes one College and several Religious Houses The Amphitheatre that is still to be seen here with the Inscriptions of other Roman Monuments are abundant Testimonies of the Antiquity of this City It belonged to the Earls of Provence till 1635. when Queen Joan left it to Lewis II. Duke of Savoy with the County belonging to it and has ever since been Subject to that Family till the Year 1691. when it was taken by the French In 1543. Nice was taken by Francis of France and by the Turks under Barberosse who appear'd before it with 200 Sail but neither of them was able to take the Castle It stands 68 Miles S. of Pignerol 78 almost S. of Turin and 72 S. E. of Ambrun Long. 26 d. 52 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. II. Villa Franca About three Miles East of Nice is Villa Franca a Town and strong Castle now Subject to the French who took it in 1691. It has a large Port on the Mediterranean Sea III. Monaco Monaco or Mourges is a Principality between Nice and Oneglia composed of three little places viz. Monaco Roccabruna and Menton The access to Monaco is difficult and the Castle is Built on a steep Rock washed by the Sea where the Port is It is the Monaecium or Herculis Monoeci Portus of the Latins This Principality under the Protection of France belongs to the Family of Grimaldi Monaco stands Eight Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 4 m. Lat. 43 d. 17 m. IV. Oneglia Oneglia is a Sea-Town and Principality incircled in the State of Genoa and belonging to the Duke of Savoy This Territory consists of a very pleasant Valley extreamly fruitful in Olive-Trees Wine and all other sorts of Fruits The City was Bombarded by the French in 1692. It stands 42 Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 45 m. Lat. 43 d. 28 m. V. Tenda Tenda is a small Town with a good Castle in the County of Nice and the Head of a Territory of that Name It stands on the River Rodia in the Appennine 25 Miles N. E. of Nice and 19 S. of Coni. VI. Barcelonnette Barcelonnette or Barcelonne Lat. Barcelona and Villa Barcelonae is a Town and Valley formerly of Provence but now belonging to the County of Nice It was Built in 1231. in the time of Raimundus Berengarius the Fifth of that Name Count of Provence who called it so in Memory of Barcelona in Catalonia whence his Predecessors came into Provence others say it was Built before but being ruined by the Wars was Rebuilt by Raimundus It stands 42 N. W. of Nice CHAP. IV. Montferrat Lat. Monsferratus MOntferrat lyes betwixt Piedmont on the North and West the State of Genoa on the South Bounds Extent and Milan on the East It s Extent North and South is about 65 Miles and about 36 East and West This Country is Mountainous in most Places yet it is exceeding fruitful in all things Quality and comprehends near 200 either Boroughs Castles or Towns with the Title of Marquisate and Dukedom This Province was formerly part of Lombardy History It has had particular Lords since the beginning of the Tenth Century The Emperor Charles V. gave it to the Duke of Mantua notwithstanding the Duke of Savoy's and the Marquiss of Saluces's Claim to it which caused the War of Montferrat begun in 1613. after the Death of Gonzague II. Duke of Mantua Divers Treaties as of Verceille in 1614. of Ast in 1615. of Pavia in 1617. could not end this War which was like to inflame all Italy but at last a Peace was happily thus concluded at Queiras in 1613. Victor Ame Duke of Savoy had that part of Montferrat on this side of the River Po and beyond the Tever and the rest of the Province was yielded to the Duke of Mantua who sold the Capital City and Important Place of Casal to the French King in 1681. Monferrat is divided into four parts viz. 1. The Territory of Casal Casal Bish Cap. 2. The Territory of Trino Trino 3. The Territory of Alba Alba. Bish 4. The Territory of Acqui Acqui Of these the first is under the French the second and third under the Duke of Savoy and the last under the Duke of Mantua Article I. French Monferrat THE only place under the French in Monferrat is Casal Casal or Cazal of St. Vas Lat. Casale or Bodincomagus is seated upon the Po between Turin and Valence and is one of the strongest Places in Italy Pope Sixtus IV. made it a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan in 1474. at the solicitation of William Paleologue Marquiss
of Montferrat then it became Capital of the Country and the residence of the Marquisses of Monferrat who before that resided at Occimian It s situation upon the Po is very advantagious the Land about it very fertile in all manner of things it is defended on one side by a good Cittadel on the other with a strong Castle and is environed with Ditches strong Walls and many Bastions and Half-Moons The Castle has four great Towers and as many Half-Moons which cover the Flanks with a large Ditch a Counterscarp and a Coridor lin'd with Bricks besides this the Lodgings are very convenient and fine The Cittadel consists of six Bastions The Town it self is pleasant enough and has several fine Churches The Spaniards besieg'd it under Goncales in the beginning of 1629. but the approach of Lewis XIII's Army made them retire in the Night The next year they lay Siege to it under Spinola but it was vigorously defended by Mareschal Toiras The Spaniards besieged again under the Marquiss of Leganez in 1640. but the Count of Harcourt drave them from before it took their Colours Artillery and all their Baggage kill'd 2000 Men and made as many Prisoners They were more successful during the disorders of France for they made themselves Masters of this important Place in 1652. but it was afterwards rendered to the Duke of Mantua of whom the King of France bought it in 1681. in this late War the Duke of Savoy block'd it up from March to October 1693. when he wanted the Troops employed at the Blockade to reinforce his Army after the Battel of Marseillane Casal stands 38 Miles E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 40 m. Article II. Monferrat Savoyard or under the Duke of Savoy THE Places of Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Savoy are Albe Bish Cap. Trin. Bianza Salugia Verolongo I. Albe Albe Lat. Alba Pompeia is upon the River Tanare with a Bishops See Suffragan of Milan it has often been fortified but to little purpose by reason of the Neighbouring Hills that command it It has under gone many Vicissitudes in those latter times and runs daily to decay for want of Inhabitants It stands 23 Miles S. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 52 m. Lat. 44 d. 17 m. II. Trin. Trin or Trino is a small Town nigh the River Po 8 Miles N. W. of Casal and as many S. W. of Verceil Article III. Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Mantua The Places of Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Mantua are Acqui Bish Cap. Ripalta Occimiano Balzola I. Acqui Acqui Lat. Aquae Statellae or Statiellae is upon the River Bormia near the Appennine with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It is famous for its hot Baths frequented in May and September The Romans made here fine Stairs and Tables of Free-stone This Town suffered much in the late Wars of Monferrat and is now but a miserable place 22 Miles S. E. of Asti 30 N. W. of Genoa and 27 S. of Casal Long 28 d. 22 m. Lat. 44 d. 13 m. The other Places are not remarkable THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT IV. Catalonia Lat. Catalannia CAtalonia is a Province of Spain with the Title of Principality Name its thought that this Name is come from the Goths and Alains that lived there The Pyrenees Bounds Gascogne and Languedoc two Provinces of France border it to the North the Kingdoms of Arragon and Valence to the West and the Mediterranean Sea to the East and South It s Extent North and South is about 120 Miles and about 160 East and West Extent The Air is here hot in Summer yet wholesom mild and agreeable in the other seasons Quality The Soil is rough and Mountainous yet fertile in Corn Wine Oyl Flax and Fruits There are also Cork-Trees Chesnut-Trees and good Timber There grows the Plant called Escorzonera of a marvellous Virtue against Venom and for sore Eyes This Province has several Mines of Gold Silver Iron Alum Vitriol and Salt There are also to be found in the Mountains Amethists Alabaster Azur Cristal and Jasper and Coral upon the most Western Coast This Country is Rich by reason of the Trade of it's Sea-Towns Riches Religion The only Religion suffered there is the Roman Catholick The Principal Rivers here are 1. Ebro Lat. Iberus which rises in old Castile Rivers crosses Old Castile part of Navarre Arragon and Catalonia and here Washes Flix Mora Tortosa and runs into the Mediterranean Sea 2. Segro which rises in the most Northern part of this Province washes Puicerda Balaguer Lerida and falls into the Ebro near Mequinenca 3. Alagas which on the one side seperates Arragon from Catalonia and falls into the Ebro a little below the meeting of that River with the Segro 4. Noguera Kibagorzana and la Noguera Palloresa which fall both into the Segro 5. Lobregat which rises toward the North of this Provinces and discharges it self into the Sea eight Miles E. of Barcelona 6. The Ter which rises towards the middle of this Province washes Girona and falls into the Sea 7. Tech which rises in the most South-Western parts of the County of Roussillon and there washes Es Bola and Elna and falls into the Sea 8. Tet rises in the most Western parts of Roussillon washes Perpignan and discharges it self into the Sea Catalonia has the Dutchy of Cardona and the two Counties of Cerdagna and Roussillon Division The whole Province is divided into 17 Viguerys or Viguiers Jurisdictions viz. Â The Viguerys of Cities of Note in the Viguerys To the South 1. Barcelona Barcelona Bish Cap. 2. Villa Franca de Panades Villa-Franca de Panades 3. Tarragona Terragona Archbp. To the West 4. Tortosa Tortosa Bish Flix 5. Balaguer Balaguer 6. Lerida Lerida Bish In the Middle 7. Monblancq Monblancq 8. Tarrega Tarrega 9. Agramunt Agramunt 10. Cervera Salsona Bish Cardona Dutchy 11. Manresa Manresa Monserrat Monast 12. Vich Vich Bish 13. Campredon Campredon To the North 14. Puicerda Puicerda La seu d'Vrgel Bish 15. Villa Franca de Conflent Villa Franca de Conflent To the East 16. Perpignan Perpignan Elna Collioure 17. Girone Girone Bish Roses Charles Martel King of France assisted the Catalonians against the Moors History who had established their Empires in Spain Lewis the Meek took Barcelona from these Infidels and Catalonia had its particular Princes until it was united to Arragon Some pretend that it was made a County in 873. by Charles the Bald and others think Charles the Burley erected it into a County in 884. Godfrey or Wilfred the Hairy first Hereditary Count of Catalonia is a Branch of the Princes who possessed that Country as was said before The Catalonians put themselves under the French in 1640. Joseph Margaret a Gentleman of that Country being a great instrument of the Revolution in shaking the Spanish Yoke and submitting to the French Kings who kept their Viceroys and Governours there but this
Province became the Theatre and Seat of War for almost 20 years until it was order'd by the 42 and 43 Articles of the Treatise of Peace concluded between the Crowns of Spain and France in 1659. That the Pyrenean Mountains should part both the Kingdoms by which agreement Catalonia and the greatest part of the County of Cerdagne that are beyond the Mountains were adjudged to the Spaniards and the County of Roussillon a little of that of Cerdagne with the whole Conflent which are of this side left to the French Article I. Description of the Places of Note belonging to the King of Spain in Catalonia I. Barcelona BArcelona the Capital City of Catalonia belonging to the King of Spain is a Sea-Port of the Mediterranean bears the Title of a County has a Sovereign Court and University a Court of Inquisition and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Taragona It is a great rich fair and well fortified City There is a great Trade especially in Cloths and Blankets called Castelognes Some Authors are of opinion that it was built by Amilcar Barca a Carthaginian Captain about 300 years before the Birth of our Saviour It is the Town Ptolomy calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Saint Paulinus Barcinus Jornandes Barcelona and others Barcina and Barcelona and think it is the place Plinius calls Faventia It is situated in a Plain by the Sea-side there is the Old and New Town parted by a Wall and round both is a strong Rampart with Towers and some Bastions and a very deep Ditch At this time the King of Spain is about raising new Fortifications to oppose the French in case they should have in this Campaign any Design upon this City The Cathedral is a stately Building as are most of the other Churches the Streets are Great and very Clean and the Key is very convenient and safe being sheltered from the Winds of one side by Mount Iâ—i and by another lesser Hill on the other side at the end of the Key is the Light-House and a little Fort. This City was under the Romans but in the year of Christ 412. During the Reign of the Emperor Honorius it was taken by Athaulphus King of the Visigoths or West-Goths the Husband of Placidia Honorius's Sister and from thence forward it was the Seat of the Kings of that Nation whence comes the Name of Gottalonia and Cattalonia In time they conquered the rest of Spain and then Toledo became the Royal City till it was taken by the Saracens King Athaulphus was murthered at Barcelona in 415. in the VIIIth Century when the Saracens setled themselves in Spain they became Masters of Barcelona the Spaniards endeavoured to retake it but in vain The French took it in 801. Afterwards it was subject to the Princes of Catalonia till this Province was annexed to Arragon Its Governors had the Title of Counts It stands 52 Miles E. of Tarragona 60 N. of the Isle Majorca 134 almost S. of Narbonne and 300 E. of Madrid Long. 20 d. 33 m. Lat. 40 d. 34 m. II. Villa Franca de Panades Villa Franca de Panades is a pretty large Town in Catalonia the Head of a Viguery 24 Miles N. W. of Barcelona and 26 N. E. of Tarragona III. Tarragona Tarragona Lat. Tarraco is a Sea-Town with an Archbishoprick and University It was built and fortified by the Scipio's upon the descent of a Hill near the Sea where it has a Port fit for no other Vessels but Barks The Spaniards brag that it was never taken The Moors surrounded it with Walls and it has since their time been very regularly fortified As for its Trade and Riches they are nothing near so considerable as formerly The Province of Tarragona called Tarraconensis by the Ancients comprehended the Country of the Celtiberians Vascones Coserani Lasetani Indigetes Cerretani Castellani Jaccetani Hergetes Carpentani Edetani Now all the Province of Tarragona contains Murcia Valencia Catalonia Aragon Navarra Biscay the Asturies Galicia the Kingdom of Leon and almost both the Castiles This City stands 54 Miles W. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 26 m. Lat. 40 d. 36 m. IV. Tortosa Tortosa Lat. Dertosa or Dertossa or Dertuse stands near the Mediterranean on the River Ebro 44 Miles W. of Tarragona and 34 of Barcelona Long. 18 d. 27 m. Lat. 40 d. 32 m. It is a small but a strong and ancient City and Castle The French took it in 1649. but they lost it again the next year after V. Flix Flix is a very strong Castle on the River Ebro 26 Miles N. of Tortosa subject to the King of Spain VI. Balaguer Balaguer or Balaguier Lat. Bellagurium and Valaguaria and according to some Bergusia stands at the foot of a steep Hill on the River Segre 19 Miles N. E. of Lerida and 60 almost N. of Tarragona Long. 18 d. 52 m. Lat. 41 d. 30 m. This City was taken by the French under the Command of the Count of Harcourt in 1645. after he had defeated the Spanish Army which came to relieve it VII Lerida Lerida or Lelida Lat. Ilerda in the Roman Times was the Capital of that part of Spain they called Tarraconensis It is a strong place built upon a rising ground but declining to the River Segre taken from the Moors in 1143. and made a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tarragona It is famous for the many Sieges it has suffered and the Battels fought under its Walls during the Wars between Spain and France In 1644 46 and 47. In an Attack the French made upon it in 1646. they were beaten off and lost all their Canon Near this place Julius Caesar gain'd the Victory over Afranius and Petreius that sided with Pompey Here is an University which has been famous heretofore and where Pope Calixt III. and St. Vincent Ferrier took their Degrees This City lies 18 Miles S. W. of Balaguer 60 almost N. of Tarragona and 100 N. W. of Barcelona Long. 18 d. 36 m. Lat. 41 d. 22 m. VIII Monblancq Monblancq is a small Town on the River Francoli the Head of a Territory of the same Name 19 Miles almost N. of Tarragona IX Tarrega Tarrega is another small Town on the River Cervera 18 Miles almost N. of Monblancq the Head of a Viguary X. Agramunt Agramunt is a Borough 45 Miles N. of Tarragona on the Rivulet Sio the Head of a Viguary XI Salsona Salsona or Solsona is seated at the foot of the Mountains on the small River Cardoner with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona It is thinly peopled but pretty strong and now under the French It stands 56 Miles almost N. of Tarragona and 68 almost N. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 52 m. Lat. 41 d. 30 m. XII Cardona Cardona is a small Town with the Title of a Dutchy situated upon a River of this Name about two Leagues from Solsona and seven or eight from Montferrat It is Renowned for giving its Name to Lords of the House of Folch who rais'd themselves by their proper Merit
Religion Married to their King Stephen about the Year 1000. In the XVIth Century the generality embraced the Protestant Religion some the Lutheran and only a few Noble Families kept to the Romish but since the late Conquests of the Emperor of Germany the Romish has got the upper Hand and the Protestants there have been cruelly persecuted There is also a mixture of Jews Mahometans Anabaptists Arrians and Vnitarians or Socinians Julius Caesar was the first Roman that attack'd Hungary and Tiberius subdued it History The Goths afterwards took it and this Kingdom became a prey to the Huns and Lombards who were turned out of it by the Hongres a People of Scythia who lived mostly on Blood those that speak of Hungary reckon Balamer or Balamber amongst its Kings They reckon also Aptar and the two Brothers Bleda killed in 444 and Attila named the Plague of God who died in 453. having left many Vestiges of his Expeditions in the other parts of the World with his Huns who were Scythians mixt with Turks Tartars Avares and Alans as Huningen Hunaldstein and many other places of Germany beginning with the word Hun. Attila's Children by their Divisions lost their Father's Conquests About 744. the Huns made another Incursion into Pannonia now Hungary under one Alme who had Arphad for Successor These gave the Name to Hungary Zultan descended from Arphad is said to have been Toxis's Father who begot Geiza Father to St. Stephen Crowned in 1000. or 1020. by whom begins the Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary Since that they were peaceably govern'd by their own Kings until Lewis the Great 's Death whose Daughter and Heiress Married Sigismund of Luxemburg Emperor of Germany but his Government being not liked they called in Charles Duras King of Naples and Stephen Vayvode of Transylvania combined with Bajazet I. Emperor of the Turks Thus Hungary's Misfortunes began and since 1394. it has almost all along been the Seat of War and became a prey to the Turks chiefly under Amurath and Soliman But in this present War the Emperor of Germany has retaken most of those places the Turks did possess in Hungary This Elective Kingdom is almost made Hereditary since the Death of Lewis the Young killed at the Battel of Mohach's in 1526. at which time the Turks rifled Buda and burn'd the Library of Matthias John de Zapol Earl of Scepus was saluted King by part of the Hungarians and Ferdinand of Austria by the other part but the last carried it Since that time the Emperor of Germany takes the Title of King of Hungary In the Year 1687. Joseph the Emperor's Son was Crowned King of Hungary and in case the House of Austria should fail the Branch of Spain is to succeed to the Crown Ceremonies of Coronation in Hungary The most remarkable things at the Coronation were that Ten Hungarian Lords went before him each carrying a Standard representing the Ten Provinces which depend on that Crown The Arch-Duke made an open Profession of the Christian Faith then was covered with St. Stephen's Royal Cloak and had the Crown put on his Head he taking an Oath to preserve the Priviledges of the Kingdom Mounting his Horse afterwards he rode full Career to another Theatre where taking his Cimiter in his Hand he made four Crosses therewith toward the four Corners of the World to signifie that he would defend the Kingdom of Hungary against all its Enemies Chronological Succession of the Forty Nine Kings of Hungary  Begun in Reigned Y. 1. St. Stephen 1000 or 1020 died in 1031. 2. Peter the German Deposed 1038 4 3. Ovon or Aban 1042 2 4. Peter the German Restored 1044 2 5. Andrew I. 1046 15 6. Bela I. 1061 2 7. Solomon 1063 11 8. Geiza or Geycza I. 1074 3 9. Ladislaus I. 1077 7 10. Coloman or Colan 1095 19 11. Stephen II. 1114 18 12. Bela II. 1132 9 13. Geiza II. 1141 20 14. Stephen III. 1161 11 15. Ladislaus an Usurper 1172 00 6 M. 16. Stephen IV. 1172 00 5 M. 17. Bela III. 1173 23 18. Emeryck 1195 8 19. Ladislaus II. 1204 00 6 M. 20. Andrew II. the Hiero-Solimitan 1205 30 21. Bela IV. 1235 25 22. Stephen V. 1260 12 23. Ladislaus III. 1272 18 24. Andrew III. the Venetian 1290 11 Charles I. Martel   25. Veneslaus 1301 00 26. Otho 1305 00 27. Charles II. Robert or Charobert 1310 32 28. Lewis I. 1342 40 29. Mary 1382 00 30. Charles III. the Small 1383 3 31. Sigismund 1387 51 32. Albertus of Austria 1438 2 33. Ladislaus IV. 1440 4 34. John Corvinus Huniades 1445 8 35. Ladislaus V. 1452 6 36. Matthias Corvinus 1458 2 37. Ladislaus VI. 1460 25 38. Lewis II. the Young 1486 11 Interruption   39. John of Zapol 1526 00 40. John Stephen or Sigismund 1540 00 41. Ferdinand I. 1527 37 42. Maximilian I. 1564 12 43. Rodolphus 1576 36 44. Matthias 1612 7 45. Ferdinand II. 1619 18 46. Ferdinand III. 1637 20 47. Ferdinand Francis Elected in 1657 00 48. Leopold-Ignatius 1657 now Reigns 49. Joseph his Son elected in 1687  Hungary is generally divided into two viz. Vpper and Lower Hungary Division The first is beyond the Danube towards Poland and Transylvania and the other this side the Danube I. Upper Hungary The most Remarkable Places here are Presburg Cap. Newhausel Nitracht Bish Tyrnaw Cassovia or Caschaw Agria Colocza Archb. Zolnock Waradin Bish Segedin Temeswar Giula Montgatz Zatmar Vngwar Novigrad Pest Esperie Scaros or Saros Tokay Bodrogh Chonad Jeno Kallo Zemlin II. Lower Hungary The Places of Note here are Buda Cap. Strigonia or Gran Archb. Alba Regalis Komorrea Javarin or Raab Bish Vesprin Bish Kanisa Zygeth Ginq-Eglises Mohach Astenburg or Owar Baboisca Bataseck or Bachia Bish Darda Palota Description of the Remarkable Places in Upper Hungary I. Presburg PResburg called by those of that Country Poson Lat. Posonium or Pisonium and Flexum is seated upon the left side of the Danube It is the Capital of Vpper Hungary and gives its Name to a Province which lyes between Moravia and Austria and the Danube This was the Place of Convention for the Estates since the loss of Strigonium the Metropolitan This City is pleasant the Castle stately beautiful and well situate on the top of a Hill and all built of white Stone Herein is kept the so highly esteem'd Crown of Hungary commonly said to have been brought by an Angel from Heaven to St. Stephen their King and of a different Figure from other Crowns The Garden of the Archbishop is very fine the Walks the Grotto's the Figure of Jeronymo the Labyrinth Fish-Ponds and Fountains are Noble and worth taking notice of In the Dome or Cathedral Church lyeth the Body of St. Joannes Eleemosynarius Bishop of Alexandria The Jesuits have a part of the same Church and a Noble Apothecaries Shop full of Rarities The Lutherans have also a Noble Church here Presburg stands by the Borders of Austria
3 m. VI. Vesprin Vesprin in High Dutch Weisbrun Lat. Vesprinum is a strong and populous City the Capital of a pretty considerable County to which she has given her Name and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Strigonia It was taken by the Turks in 1593. but was retaken since by the Emperor and is still subject to him It stands nigh the River Sarwitza 13 Miles W. of Alba Regalis and 53 almost W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 6 m. Lat. 47 d. 22 m. VII Kanisa Kanisa or Kanisca Lat. Canisia is seated upon the River Sala in the Zalad between the Lake Balaton and the River Drave not above one Mile from the Confines of Stiria to the East It is one of the strongest Towns in these Parts It was taken by the Turks in 1600. tho' the Imperialists did all that was possible to prevent it The following Year the Arch-Duke of Austria Besieged it from the beginning of September to the end of October but without success In 1604. Count Serini Besieged it and had infallibly carried it if he had been succoured in time In 1688. June 30th the Count de Budiani blocked it up with a Body of 6000 Hungarians and 2000 Heydukes which continued till April 13. 1690. when in pursuance of a Capitulation that the Emperor had ratified the Keys of the Gates hanging upon a Chain of Gold were delivered to the Count de Budiani by a Turk with these words I herewith consign into your Hands the strongest Fortress in the Ottoman Empire The Imperialists found in it great store of large Artillery taken heretofore from the Christians This Town stands 68 Miles S. W. of Alba Regalis 94 almost S. E. of Vienna and 106 S. W. of Buda Long. 37 d. 56 m. Lat. 46 d. 54 m. VIII Sigeth Sigeth or Zygeth Lat. Salinae is a very strong Town seated in a Morass near the River Alme It has a very good Castle and is fortified with three Ditches and as many Walls Solyman II. Emperor of the Turks died at the Siege and the Place was taken three days after in 1596. Nicholas Esdrin Count of Serini who was Governour of it being slain in a Sally he made at the Head of his remaining Forces The Imperialists retook this City from the Turks in January 1688. and found therein 85 Pieces of Cannon It stands 44 Miles S. of Alba Regalis 64 E. of Canisa and 74 S. W. of Buda Long. 39 d. 24 m. Lat. 46 d. 36 m. There is another Town of the same Name in Transylvania near the Fountains of the Tibiscus IX Cinq Eglises or Quinque Ecclesiae Cinq Eglises Lat. Quinque Ecclesiae called by the Germans Funff-kirken is a place of no great strength on the River Keoritz 12 Miles off the River Drave 32 Miles N. E. of Zigeth and 49 almost N. of Posega Long. 40 d. 6 m. Lat. 46 d. 26 m. X. Mohatz Mohatz is a little Town between Colocza and the Influx of the Drave into the Danube four German Miles from either and 6 N. W. of Esseck It is memorable for two great Battels fought near it the first between Lewis King of Hungary and Solyman the Magnificent in 1526. in which this Unfortunate Prince Lewis with 25000 Men fought 300000 Turks who killed 22000 of the Christian Army the King in his flight over the Brook Curass fell into a Quagmire and was swallowed up After this Solyman took and slew 200000 Hungarians and got such a footing in this Kingdom that he could never be expelled The second in some part retrieves the Loss and Infamy of the former On the 29th of July 1687. the Prime Visier having passed the Drave at Esseck on purpose to Fight the Christian Army under the Command of the Duke of Lorrain upon August 12. there followed a Bloody Battel in which the Turks lost 100 Pieces of Cannon 12 Mortars and all their Ammunition and Baggage and about 800 Men upon the Place of Battel besides those that were Drowned in passing the River After this Victory Dunewalt found Esseck deserted by the Enemy and took possession of it XI Altenburg or Owar Altenburg or Owar Lat. Ovaria is a very strong Town on the Danube in the County of Muzon the best Out-work to Vienna subject to the Emperor It stands 18 Miles almost S. of Presburg and 50 E. of Vienna XII Baboisca Baboisca or Baboliza called Mansuetinum in Antonin's Itinenary is a Town and Castle on the River Rynnia in the County of Sigeth from which it stands 19 Miles to the W. XIII Bataseck or Bachia Bataseck or Bachia is a small Town of Lower Hungary at the Confluence of the Danube and Sarwizze with a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Colocza it was under the Turks until 1686. but after the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae it returned to the Obedience of the Emperor It stands 20 Miles S. of Colocza and 70 S. E of Buda XIV Darda Darda is a strong Fort in the County of Caranywar on the North end of Esseck's Bridge about six Miles N. W. of Esseck It was Built by the Turks in 1686. and taken by the Imperialists in 1687. XV. Palotta Palotta is a Town of no great Consideration in the County of Alba-Regalis It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in October 1687. The Bassa that commanded there immediately desired to Capitulate and marched out with 250 Men and as much Baggage as every Souldier could carry There were found Eight Pieces of Cannon divers Mortars and great quantity of Powder and Provision with three Colours Palotta stands five Miles almost N. of Alba Regalis Article II. Transilvania Bounds TRansilvania is a Principality and part of the Ancient Dacia having Hungary to the West Mount Carpathus to the North Moravia to the East and Walachia to the South It s length and breadth are four Days Journey each Extent it had its Name from the Romans Name History by reason of the Forrests and Mountains that environ'd it the Hungarians called it Erdely and the Germans Sibenburgen a Name derived from the Seven Towns Built there by the Banish'd Saxons Several other Inhabitants setled in it but the Saxons who best Cultivated the Country had the firmest footing The Romans afterwards under Trajan became Masters of it It was afterwards united to the Kingdom of Hungary and now its Princes are subject sometimes to the Turk sometimes to the Emperor of Germany The Plains are very fruitful in Corn the Hills covered with Vines Quality and the Mountains well stocked with Gold Silver and Salt Mines They have also Bitumen whereof they make Torches whose smoke is good to refresh the Brain In their Woods they have great numbers of Deers Bears and extraordinary wild Horses Their Water is unwholesom because it passes through Mines of Alum and Mercury but there are some that taste like Wine others that petrifie and form a hard Crust round Wood or any thing else thrown into them This Principality is inhabited by three
Army kept it in a manner blocked up by their Incampment in 1688. And in 1689. the Forces of Lithuania and Poland setting down before it began a formal Attack Aug. 20. but crossed with ill success raised the Siege in September following This City stands 72 Miles N. W. of Soczow 116 almost S. E. of Lemburg 280 E. of Cracovia and 290 S. E. of Warsovia Long. 47 d. 46 m. Lat. 48 d. 50 m. II. Bar. Bar is a very strong Town on the River Row in the Palatinate of Kaminieck upon a Hill among Marshes and now subject to the Turks It stands 70 Miles N. E. of Kaminieck and 54 N. W. of Braclaw Long. 49 d. 22 m. Lat. 49 d. 14 m. III. Braclaw Braclaw Lat. Braclovia is a strong Town in Lower Podolia situated upon the River Bog towards the middle of this Province and Capital of the Palatinate of the same Name it is subject to the King of Poland but the Country has been strangely ruined by the Turks since the taking of Kaminieck off which City it stands 110 Miles to the E. Long. 50 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 53 m. Article IV. Moldavia MOldavia is a Principality of Europe known also under the Name of Great Walachia Name or Walachia Cisalpina formerly part of Dacia and afterwards of the Great Kingdom of Hungary It has its Modern Name from a River Bounds or from the Borough Moldavia The Niester divides it from Podotia on the N. the Black Sea and the Danube divide it from Bulgaria on the E. It has the Rivers Danube and Serethe or Missovo on the South and the Mount Hemus divides it from Walachia and Transilvania on the West It is about 90 Leagues long from East to West Extent and 70 from N. to S. This Country is fruitful in Corn Pulse c. the Air very good Quality There is such plenty of Wax and Honey that their Tythes are worth above 200000 Crowns to the Prince History The Inhabitants are Christians under the Greek Patriarch and the Tribute they paid formerly to the Turks was formerly about 1400 Pound but the Port increaseth it from time to time not caring how poor they make them to keep them obedient Iâ— 1686. the Poles over-ran all this Country and took their principal Cities they therefore since relinquished the Ottoman Interest and voluntarily put themselves under the Protection of the Emperor of Germany in 1688. This Country is divided into Moldavia properly so called towards the West and Bessarabia towards the East where the Danube's Mouths are and belongs to the Turks Bessarabia is inhabited by the Tartars Drobuces or of Budziack and the Tartars of Oczakow both great Thieves The Places of Note in Moldavia Proper are Sockzow or Czukaw Jassy or Jazy Pudna Targorod or Trescort In Bessarabia Tekin or Tigina Akierman or Bialogrod Oczakow Kilia nova I. Sockzow Sockzow or Czukaw is a great and strong City the Capital of the Principality of Moldavia and the ordinary Residence of the Prince called Vayvode It stands on the River Serethe 54 Miles N. E. of Cronstad and 74 almost S. of Kaminieck Long. 48 d. 30 m. Lat. 47 d. 44 m. II. Jassy Jassy or Jazy is a great and populous City on the River Pruth subject to its own Prince under the protection of the Emperor The Poles took it in 1686. and soon after left it again It stands 60 Miles E. of Sockzow I. Tekin Tekin or Tigina is a great City the Capital of Bessarabia on the River Niester towards the Borders of Podolia It stands 100 Miles N. E. of Jazy Long. 51 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 30 m. II. Bialogrod or Akierman Bialogrod is a strong City upon the Niester near the Pont Euxine and the Capital of the Principality of Budziack It stands 42 Miles S. W. of Oczakow and 270 N. of Constantinople Long. 54 d. 34 m. Lat. 47 d. 32 m. III. Oczakow Oczakow or Ocziakow Lat. Axiace is a strong Town seated at the Fall of the Borysthenes or Niester into the Euxine Sea It has a Castle which is Garrison'd by the Turks but the Citizens are Precopensian Tartars it was Built by Vitolaus Duke of Lithuania and at first peopled by his Subjects Near this City the Poles gave the Tartars a fatal overthrow in 1644. This Place gives Name to the Neighbouring Tartars who are so troublesom to Podolia Lithuania and Poland that the King of the latter pays them Tribute to prevent their Incursions It stands 44 Miles N. E. of Bialogrod and 290 N. of Constantinople Long. 55 d. 27 m. Lat. 47 d. 52 m. IV. Kilia Nova Kilia Nova is a strong Town of Bessarabia subject to the Turks upon the Danube 60 Miles S. W. of Bialogrod and 230 N. of Constantinople Long. 53 d. 28 m. Lat. 46 d. 44 m. Article V. Walachia WAlachia or Valaquia a Principality of Europe Bounds was formerly part of the ancient Kingdom of Hungary It lyes between Moldavia to the N. E. Transilvania to the N. W. Hungary to the West and Bulgaria to the South It is not very long since it was divided into great Valachia or Cisalpina Division the present Moldavia or little Valachia or Transalpina the which is now called Valachia It has Mines of Gold Quality Horses the most esteemed in Europe and a great number of Rivers The Turks call it Carabogdana that is the Land of black Corn. Riches This Province is divided into 13 Counties promiscuously Inhabited by Saxons Hungarians and Natives The Vaivode or Prince has 100000 Crowns by his Tythes of Honey and Wax a great Commodity in that Country and his Customs upon the Malmsie of Candia Government carried thro' his Lands into Germany bring him a great Sum too He is now Tributary to the Grand Signior to whom he generally pays 70000 Ducats but is sometimes obliged to pay 100000 to maintain himself in his Principality He can raise 10000 Horse and 1000 Foot The People here are inconstant and wild Strength Inhabitants their Tongue inclines somewhat to the Latin which makes some think they are descended from the Romans In the Ceremonies of their Religion which is that of the Greeks Religion they make use of the Lingua Franca used almost over all the Orient The places of Note in Walachia are Tarvis or Targovisco Cap. Brascovia Buchorist Margozest I. Tarvis or Targovisco This is a great and considerable City the Metropolis of Walachia and the ordinary Residence of the Vaivode It stands on the River Launiza 94 Miles S. E. of Hermanstat 140 S. W. of Jazy and 200 E. of Belgrade Long. 47 d. 38 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. II. Brascovia Brascovia or Bracslow or Brasgow is a City towards the North Parts of Walachia with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza 47 Miles almost N. of Tarvis Article VI. Bulgaria BVlgary Lat. Bulgaria a Province of Europe belonging to the Turk Bounds had in times past the
Title of Kingdom It stretches from Servia which it has on the W. along the Danube which parts it from Moldavia and Walachia unto the Mouths of this River in the Black Sea which bounds it on the East and on the South a long Chain of Mountains separates it from Macedonia and Romania the old Thracia Bulgaria formerly made part of Lower-Moesia Authors do vary about the Original and first Seat of its Inhabitants Inhabitants There are several who think that they came from the Asiatick Sarmatia and that they took their Name from the River Volga which discharges it self into the Sea of Hyrcania having had their Seat upon its Banks before they passed into Europe Others make them descend from the Ancient Getae or Gepids However they have often opposed the Emperors of Constantinople and made Incursions into Italy and France under the Kings of the Second Line The most remarkable places in Bulgaria are Sofia Cap. Archb. Nicopolis or Nigeboli Archb. Guistandil Panfalca Ternovo Hasgrad Silistria Prounda or Proslavisa Tomi or Trosmi Mesembria or Mesevira I. Sofia Sofia or Sophia is called by the Turks Triadizza and is an Archbishop's See it was of old called Sardicca and belonged then to the Lower Maesia It is seated upon the River Ichar at an equal distance from the Borders of Thracia E. Macedonia S. and Servia W. being now a great populous but unwalled City and the Seat of the Bassa or Governour for the Beglerbeglicz of Romelia it is supposed to have been Built by the Emperor Justinian in Honour of his Wife Sophia It is noted for one of the greatest General Councils in 307. that ever was held wherein by the Artifice of Constantius the Council of Nice was condemned Amurat II. took this City and since that time all the Country of its dependency has been subject to the Turks It stands 150 Miles S. of Targovisco and 315 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 12 m. Lat. 43 d. 25 m. II. Nicopolis Nicopolis or Nigeboli which the Turks call Sciltaro is seated upon the Danube the Capital of a Sangiak with an Archbishop's See It is famous for the Victory which Bazajet I. won there In 1396. It stands 74 Miles almost N. of Sofia III. Silistria Silistria is a great City the second of Bulgary by some reckoned the Chief and the Capital of a Sangiac It stands 18 Miles S. of Nicopolis and 70 N. of Sophia Long. 47 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. 25 m. From Silistria to Tomi or Trosmi known in Antiquity by Ovid's Confinement are seen the remains of a Wall Built by the Emperors of Constantinople against the Barbarians Article VII Servia SErvia is a Province of the Turkish Empire which by the Romans was called Moesia Superior Bounds and then esteemed a part of Thrace It is of great Extent being bounded on the North by the Danube which separates it from Hungary and Walachia on the West by Bosnia on the South by Albania and Macedonia and on the East by Bulgaria This Country is very fruitful and rich Quality having several Mines of Gold and Silver In the Year 1350. Vbsan or Dusan Reigned and was the first King of Servia History and called himself also Emperor of Greece He Conquered Bulgaria Bosnia and several other Nations in those parts But his Family ended in Stephen in 1371. The Servians submitted to Amurath I. after the taking of Nissa but being provoked by his Cruelty revolted in 1376. and joined with the Despote of Bosnia In 1388. Lazarus Despote of Servia fought Amurath I. in the Plains of Cassovia in which Battel fell 50000 Men and Amurath was slain after the Fight as he was viewing the Field by a wounded Servian who rose from the Dead Bodies and stabb'd him to Revenge the Death of Lazarus his Master who was slain here too In 1420. Amurath Sultan of the Turks made an Invasion on George Despote of Servia called the Rascian took Nevomento Scopia and Sinderovia with two of the Despote's Sons put out their Eyes and cut off their Genitals and Married their Sister for her great Beauty In 1427. the Servians were reduced by the same Prince in 1454. they were again reduced and have since that time been subject to the Ottoman Port. The Places of Note in Servia are Belgrade Cap. Bish Semendria Bish Nissa Scopia Archb. I. Belgrade Belgrade or Grischish-Weissemburg Lat. Alba Graeca and Alba Bulgarica is seated a little below the Confluence of the Save and Danube very considerable for its greatness and for its situation upon a Hill which renders it extraordinary strong Some do take it for the old Taurinum but that was too far from the Confluent of the Save and Danube to be the same with Belgrade There is more likelihood that the latter being increased by the Ruin of the other its Neighbourhood made it to be taken for the same City Belgrade is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Antivari Amurath II. lost a Victorious Army before it in 1439. and Mahomet II. his Son lost another Army of 250000 Men before it in 1456. which the brave Huniades ruin'd by this Stratagem he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town and whilst they were plundering sallied out and took their Cannon turned them against themselves killed 40000 of them and forc'd the rest to an inglorious flight leaving all their Baggage and Ammunition behind In 1521. Soliman the Magnificent took it after two Months Siege Lewis King of Hungary being then but 15 Years of Age and the other Christian Princes being ingaged in a Mutual War It was for many Years after neglected by the Turks but in 1686. they begun to refortifie it after the loss of Buda In 1688. the Emperor sent the Duke of Bavaria against it with a Potent Army he forced his way over the Save Aug. 8. and defeated 6000 of the best of the Turkish Troops on the Tenth he March'd toward Belgrade whereupon the Turks set Fire to the Lower Town and abandon'd it tho' they had 20000 Men Incamp'd and a strong Work which reach'd from the Town to the Save An old Bassa was left to Command the upper Town and Castle On the 12th the Christians begun their Approaches the Turks making a Vigorous Defence but Breaches being made the Imperialists Storm'd it thrice successively at the 6th of September and at the third Assault entred the Place putting all to the Sword at first so that there were about 7000 kill'd and thrown into the Save but the Bassa and about 3000 more obtained Quarter having Chain'd 200 Christian Slaves whom they set betwixt them and the Imperialists There were 70 Pieces of Cannon with a vast deal of Plunder tho' the Inhabitants had been removing their Effects a long tsme and a 1000 Boats went down the River the Day before the lower Town was Burnt The Christians had about 4000 killed and wounded in this Siege In 1690. the Emperor being Attack'd by the French King upon the Rhine the prime
Repair the Ruins caused by this Accident This Town is a Bishop's See Suffragan of Antivari and stands 8 Miles N. W. of that City Long. 41 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XV. Antivari Antivari Lat. Antibarum which some take to be the Ancient Doclea is seated upon the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice of a Bishoprick created into a Archbishoprick by Pope Alexander II. with 10 Suffragans in 1062. It has since fallen under the Tyranny of the Turks It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 42 m. Lat. 43 d. 15 m. XVI Dolcigna Scutari Dolcigno or Dulcigno and Scutari or Scodra were formerly reckoned in Dalmatia but belong now-a-days to the Kingdom of Albania of which we shall Treat in the next Section Of the Republick of Ragusi RAgusi or Ragusa is a City and Republick upon the Gulf of Venice with an Archbishop's See Some Authors esteem it to be the same with the Ancient Epidaurus but others will have the Ruins of that City to be on the other side in a place called Ragusi Vecchio However it be this City which the Selavonians call Dobronich is very well Built It s situation is upon a Rock so high on one side and craggy that 't is a Covert to it and on the other side it stretches along a little Tongue of Land where 't is washed by the Sea Near this City is the Fort of St. Lawrence and a Port. It 's Inhabited by many Merchants and the best peopled place in Dalmatia The Government of it is almost like unto that of the Republick of Venice It 's true that the fear of losing their Liberty is so great that it obliges them to change their Duke or Governour every Month and to continue their Officers in their Posts but for six Weeks wherefore Gentlemen cannot wear a Sword nor lye abroad without informing the Senate therewith and in the Night time Strangers and especially Turks are lock'd up in their Lodgings by them Moreover the Gates of the City are never open but for three or four Hours by Day in Summer time and not above an Hour and a half in Winter The Ragusians pay Tribute to the Turks whom they fear to the Venetians whom they hate to the Pope Emperor and King of Spain upon consideration Ragusia or the Country of Ragusa is but inconsiderable comprehending no more than the Town of that Name Stagno and two or three Villages This City is very much subject to Earthquakes and had terrible shocks in 1637. and 1667. The Senate of Ragusa is composed of Sixty Senators whereof Forty at least must meet together when they assemble for Judgment Civil Matters at the Commencement of the Suit are brought before Six of the Senate from whom there is an Appeal to the College of Thirty who are no Senators and if the Decrees be for Sums exceeding 500 Crowns the Appeals are finally determin'd by the Senate Their Judicial Proceedings are in Latin but they plead in Italian or the Language of the Country Criminal Affairs are judged by an Officer from whom there is an Appeal to a Jurisdiction composed of Six Senators and if the Sentence be confirm'd there the Affair is terminated but if otherwise the Senate takes Cognizance thereof and Judges it As to Politick Affairs of lesser Importance the Governour with Six of the Senate decides them and these Six Senators exercise that Charge a Year Ragusa stands 82 Miles N. W. of Scutari 160 S. E. of Jaicza 165 S. E. of Zara and 168 S. W. of Belgrade Long. 40 d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 3 m. Stagno Stagno Lat. Stagnum is a small City and Sea-Port belonging to the Commonwealth of Ragusa with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of that City from which it stands 18 Miles almost N. W. Long. 40. d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT VI. Greece Lat. Graecia THIS Country which the Turks now a days call Rumelia Name derives its ancient Name of Greece from a certain King call'd Graecus Another King whose name was Hellen gave it the name of Hellas and its People that of Hellenes But the name of Greece is taken variously for at first it comprehended only two little Countries of which the one was called Thessalia and the other Hellas or Greece properly so called Afterwards Epirus Macedon Achaia the Peloponnesus as also the Islands round about that extremity of the Continent received the name of Greece Besides that the name of Great Greece was given to Sicily and the lower part of Italy And lastly the name spread it self into the Continent of Neighbouring Asia which was called Asiatick Greece Greece properly so called which we are now to describe is bounded on the North by a long Chain of the Mountains Mariani Bounds which separate it from Romania Bulgaria and Servia on the West by the Adriatick and Jonian Seas on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by the Archipelago or White-Sea formerly Mare Aegeum It stretches from the 42 d. Situation 30 m. to the 49 d. 30 m. of Longitude and from the 34 d. 40 m. to the 43 d. of Northern Latitude Extent so that its Extent W. and E. is about 420 Miles and about 500 S. and N. Ancient Division Greece was formerly divided into six part viz. 1. Peloponnesus 2. Epirus 3. Greece Proper 4. Thessaly 5. Macedon 6. The Islands Greece properly so called or Hellas was subdivided into Aetolia Doris Phocis Attica Megaria Baeotia and the Country of the Locri. Modern Division Greece at this Day is divided into seven parts viz. six large Provinces and the Islands 1. Albania on the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice 2. Epirus on the Jonian Sea 3. Macedon On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 4. Thessaly On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 5. Achaia 6. Morea a Peninsule on the South of Achaia environ'd with the Jonian Cretian or of Sapienza and Aegean Seas 7. The Islands The six first have preserved their ancient Names except Morea formerly called Peloponnesus and Albania formerly part of Epirus The Air is here generally mild temperate and wholesom Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in all necessaries as Corn excellent Wine and Fruits the most exquisite in the whole World There are also very good Pastures that feed abundance of Cattel and the Woods are stock'd with Fowl and Deer The Ancient Greeks had the advantage over all other Nations for Learning Ancient Inhabitants Their Wit Bravery and Wisdom They were the Inventors of Arts and Improvers of Sciences and as they were renowned for Learning so were they no less fam'd for their Military Prowess Courage extending their Arms into several Kingdoms of the Universe so that People resorted to 'em from most parts of the World either to be instructed in the Liberal Sciences or else to learn the Art of War The Countrey was so fertile in Men of Learning
The principal Trade of the City is in the Jews Hands who are exempt from Tribute in consideration whereof they are to furnish the Janisaries of the City with Cloth for their Cloathing William King of Sicily Conquered this City in 1180. but afterwards the Emperor of Constantinople reduced it to his Obedience again Andronicus Palaeologus gave it to the Venetians in 1313. but two Years after the Turks drove them thence and have been Masters of it ever since The Greek Christians have 30 Churches in this City the Chiefest whereof is the Archbishop's See Dedicated to St. Demetrius This Church has three Bodies supported by very fair Pillars and was formerly honoured with the Preaching of St. Paul There are also five Convents of the Order of St. Basilicus in every one of which are about an Hundred young Women who may if they please quit the Habit and Marry The most Magnificent Turkish Mosques are those Buildings that formerly were the Churches of St. Sophia the Blessed Virgin St. Gabriel and St. Demetrius Mahomet IV. who was Dethroned in 1687. changed the Church of the Blessed Virgin into a Mosque on each side of this Building are twelve great Pillars of Jasper-stone whose Chapiters or Tops support so many Crosses which the Turks have not defaced The Jews also have 36 Synagogues in this City the most considerable of which are that of Castille of Portugal and of Italy They have also two Colleges which contain above Ten Thousand Scholars who come to study there from all parts of the Ottoman Empire Of all the stately Pieces of Architecture that were of old in this City there remains nothing very remarkable at present save only a Triumphal Arch of Brick-work supported by two Marble Pillars full of Trophies and abundance of other Figures but so much shattered and defaced by Time that it cannot well be guest what it was erected for The City is Governed by a Mousselin Justice is Administred by a Molla and a Mufti Orders all Matters relating to Religion This City stands 108 Miles S. of Sophia 300 S. E. of Belgrade and 330 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. Lat. 41 d. 37 m. II. Zuchria Zuchria or Jeniza is a small City Built by the Turks out of the Ruins of Pella formerly the Capital of Macedonia and the Birth-place of Alexander the Great upon the Bay of Salonichi between the Rivers Bevola and Castora 27 Miles S. W. of Salonichi I. Amphipolis or Emboli Amphipolis is a City of Macedonia on the Borders of Thracia with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks call'd it Christopoli since and its Modern Name is Emboli It is situated on the River Strymon which washes it on every side 60 Miles almost E. of Salonichi This City is very famous in the Ancient History of Greece IV. Siderocapsa Siderocapsa is a small Town only remarkable for the Gold Mines that are about it Philip the Father of Alexander the Great caused a Gold Coin to be Coin'd called Golden-Philips after that Crenidas had discovered the Gold Mines there and wrought them which Mines afforded King Philip a 1000 Talents of Gold a Year and do still yield the Grand Seignior 9 or 10000 Ducats a Month. There are no less than five or six Hundred Furnaces for the melting of Gold in the Mountains near this City CHAP. IV. Janna or Thessaly Lat. Thessalia THessaly is bounded on the East by the Archipel on the North by Macedon Bounds on the West by Epirus and on the South by Achaia This Country has had different Names derived from divers Princes who have lived therein Name and was divided into five parts viz. Thessaly Proper the Country of the Pelasgi Estiosia Magnesia and Phtiotide It s Modern Name is Janna from a Town of this Name The Air is here very good the Soil fruitful producing delicious Figs Water Melons Quality Pomegranates Oranges Lemons Citrons excellent Grapes Almonds Olives and all sorts of Corn. The Ancient Inhabitants were well-bred civil but somewhat too voluptuous Inhabitants yet they did not want Courage They were also noted for Magick and Drunkenness were the first that Minted Gold and Silver tam'd Horses and put Ships to Sea They are still Warlike and are a handsom Race of People having black Hair black Eyes and their Faces of a Beautiful Sanguine Fresh Colour and are for the most part Christians This Country is encompass'd with four great Mountains viz. Olympus Pindus Ossa and Aeta Mountains famous in the Greek and Latin Poets It had for along time its particular Kings until it was subjected to the Macedonians History and afterwards to the Romans Deucalion was one of the most Ancient and Celebrated Kings He Reigned in the same Age with Cecrops first King of Athens 349 Years before the Ruin of Troy Hellen his Son gave Name to a great part of Greece Dorus his second Son left his Name to the Dortans near Mount Parnassus Xuthus the third was Father of Achaeus Founder of the Peleponnesian Achaeans Ion his second Son was the Chief of the Inhabitants of Attica This Country is very famous for the remarkable Defeat of Pompey by Julius Caesar in the Plains of Pharsalus Sultan Amurath Conquered the greatest part of it and his Posterity still enjoys it The most remarkable Places in Thessaly are Larissa Archb. Cap. Armiro Volo Pharsalus or Farsa Archb. Scotusa Bish Voidenor Demetriada I. Larissa Larissa is the Principal City of Thessalia the Country of Achilles upon the River Peneus 25 Miles from the Bay of Salonichi to the West It is an Archbishop's See and one of the most flourishing Cities of Greece by reason the late Grand Seignior being disgusted with Constantinople almost 20 Years together kept his Court here It is pleasantly seated on a Rising Ground in the upper part whereof stands the Grand Seignior's Palace upon the North the famous Mountain of Olympus and on the South a Plain Inhabited by Christians Turks and Jews There is a handsom Stone-bridge over the River consisting of Nine Arches This City stands 90 Miles S. of Salonichi 160 N. W. of Setines or Athens and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 46 d. 55 m. Lat. 39 d. 45 m. II. Armiro Armiro Lat. Eretria is a City and Sea-port mentioned by Thucydides Strabo Livy and several other Ancient Writers it lyes upon the Sinus Pelasgicus which from it now is called the Gulf of Armiro about 17 Miles from Larissa to the South Out of this Gulf the Argonauts loosed when they went to Colchis for the Golden-Fleece and in it the Navy of Xerxes was sorely shattered by a Tempest which then saved Greece In the same Bay lyes Pagase in which the Ship Argo was Built III. Volo Volo is a Fortress that gives its Name to a Gulf of Thessaly to the North of Negrepont The Ancients called this Town Pagasa and the Gulf Pagasicus Sinus or Pelasgicus Sinus and Gulf of Armiro The Fortress has a good and
in allusion to those of the Hellespont Their Figure is square environed with strong Walls mounted with good Cannon even with the Water All the Commodities that go out of the Gulph of Lepanto pay here a Toll which comes to about 3 per Cent. The Famous Sea-Fight of Lepanto in 1571. It was near the Gulph of Lepanto that a famous Sea-Fight was fought against the Turks Octob. 2. 1571. in which they lost above 30000 Men being the most bloody defeat they ever met with since the first establishment of their Empire Besides the slaughter the Christians took 5000 Prisoners amongst whom were the two Sons of Haly General of the Turkish Fleet. They took also 130 Galleys stranded burnt or sunk 90. and redeemed near 20000 Christian-Slaves Neither was the Booty less considerable for their Fleet pillaged all the Isles thereabouts and took many Merchant-Men This Battel was fought in the same Gulph were Augustus defeated Marck-Anthony and it is hard to say which of both was the most Glorious Victory The Christians lost 8000 Men the most considerable whereof was Barbarigo Commander of the left Wing The Christian Commander in chief in this Signal Combat was Don-John of Austria natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain CHAP. VI. Morea MOrea is a Peninsule in vulgar English a Demi-Island bounded Bounds on the North by the Isthmus or neck of land of Corinth that joins it to Achaia and by the Gulph of Lepanto and on the other sides by the Mediterranean Sea called Mare d' Jonia on the West Mare de Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Mare Egeo on the East It lies betwixt the 34 d. 40 m. and the 37 d. 30 m. of Northern Latitude Situation and betwixt the 44 d. 50 m. and the 48 d. 30 m. of Longitude being in length about 170 Miles from Castel-Tornese Tornese to the Cape of Schili about 160 in breadth from Corinth to Cape Matapan and in circumference about 550. This Country has had several Names Name it was anciently called first Argo or Argos from one of its Principal Cities afterwards Aegialeia from Aegialus a King of the Sicyonians afterwards Apia from Apis third King of Argos Then Peloponnesus from Pelops Son of Tantalus King of the Phrygians and at last Morea Authors differ much about the derivation of this name some think that it's shape like a Mulberry-Trees Leaf Lat. Morus and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made the last Emperours of Constantinople call it Morea Others derive it from the Word Romea which by a transposition of Letters was changed into that of Morea It being certain that as long as Constantinople was subject to the Roman Emperors that City was called New Rome and those of that Country Romeans as much to say Romans Doglioni is of another opinion and thinks the Moors gave their name to this Peninsula when they made Incursions into it There is no Country in Europe that can be parallell'd to this Peninsula Quality It s Air is clear wholesome and temperate It Soil Fertile and abounding with Corn Wine Olives and all manner of Fruits the most exquisite in the World and its Mountains full of Game and Medicinal Plants The Inhabitants Inhabitants are accounted Witty and Couragious There are in this Peninsula several famous Mountains Mountains viz. Foloe now Dimizana Cyllene Liceus Parthenius Meralus Sepia Cronia now Grevenos Mintia or Mente now Olonos Neris Nonacris Taigetus now Orta Of all these Mountains Cyllene is accounted the highest and Taigetus the most considerable as being full of Deer Bears Wild-Boars c. All these Mountains have been celebrated by the ancient Greek and Latin Poets The Principal Rivers Rivers in this beautiful Country are 1. The River Carbon formerly called Orsea Alpheus or Alpehius and Strimphalus or Nyctymus Fluvius so much famed for its Virtue of taking away the spots and blemishes of the Skin which besides 140 Torrents or Brooks receives the Rivers Celadon Erimanthus and Amarinthe The Poets feigned that it ran under the Sea into Sicily to be joined with the Waters of the Spring Arethusa because it goes often under the Ground and comes out always with more strength 2. Vasili Potamos formerly Eurotas Iris Hemerus and Marthaton which rises at the same place where the River Carbon has its Source and washing Misitra discharges it self in the Gulf of Colchine 3. Planizza formerly Inachus Haliaemon and Cravamor 4. Spirnazza formerly Stomius Pomylus and Panysus discharges it self into the Gulf of Coron near Calamata There are also the Rivers Linceus Astoria or Stella and Erasin which run with rapidity all along the Mount Stymphalus As also the Styx that flows at the foot of Mount Nonacris and which the Poets have feign'd to be a River of Hell because its Water tho' clear and agreeable to the sight is most fatal to those that drink it Peloponnesus after several Revolutions fell into the Hands of Emanuel a Greek Emperor about 1150. who at his Death having divided his Empire among his Seven Sons was thereby the Cause of its Ruin These Princes were called Despotes that is Lords or Governours they depended upon the Emperor both as to their Government and Election otherwise they were absolute and their Dignity almost Hereditary for it seldom hapned that the Emperor chused any Successor to the late Despote but his Son Brother or near Relation Constantine sirnamed Dragares Brother of Theodorus II. was Despote when Amurat made an Irruption into Morea The Greek Emperor stopt his fury by the Promise of a yearly Tribute Some time after Constantine being Crowned Emperor at Constantinople divided Morea between his two Brothers Demetrius and Thomas The Turks under Mahomet II. under the pretence of assisting Demetrius against Thomas took occasion of their Divisions to Invade their Estates and the Places the Venetians possessed in Morea which they accomplished without much Resistance after the Death of General Bertoldo d'Este whom the Republick had sent with a good Army to oppose them Since that the Turks kept here a Governour with the Title of Sangiac or Morabegi that is Lord of Morea under the Beglerbey of Greece This Sangiac made his ordinary Residence at Modon Morea is now under the Venetians since 1687. General Morosini having Reconquered the best Places in it viz. Patras Lepanto Castel-Tornese Corinth Misitra Napoli di Romania c. as you shall see in the particular Articles of each of those Towns he caused all the Churches that were Mosques before to be reconsecrated so that many Greek Families have left Achaia to settle in Morea and more than 12000 Inhabitants have resorted thither This Peninsule has at different times been variously divided Division In Pausanias's time it had but three Regions viz. 1. That of the Arcadians 2. That of the Achaians and 3. Lastly That of the Dorians After this Ptolomy and others divided it into Eight Parts viz. 1. Achaia Proper 2. Arcadia 3. Argia
4. Corinthia 5. Elis or Elea or Cauconia 6. Laconia 7. Messenia 8. Sicyonis Now-a-days Morea according to Baudrand Moreri and all Modern Geographers is divided into four Provinces viz. I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza Chiarenza Archb. II. Belvedere Modon Bish III. Zaconia or Braccio di Maina Malvasia Archb. IV. Saccania or Romania Minor Napoli di Romania Archb. Article I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza THIS Dutchy Borders the Gulph of Lepanto on the North Bounds Sacconia on the East Zaconia and Belvedere on the South and the Jonian Sea on the West it contains the old Achaia Proper Sicyonis and Corinthia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Rio. 2. Cape Chiarenza formerly Araxus Promontorium 3. Cape Torneso formerly Chelonates Promontorium The most Remarkable Towns here are Patras Archb. Cap. Chiarenza or Clarence Caminitza Bish Castel-Torneso I. Patras Patras is a very Ancient and Flourishing City called by the Turks Badra and Balabutra it is seated near Cape Rio on the North side of a Mountain on the top of which stands a good Fortress 18 Miles almost S. of Lepanto and 120 N. W. of Misitra Long. 45 d. 40 m. Lat. 37 d. 20 m. It is the Capital of the Dutchy of Chiarenza and an Archbishoprick Towards the beginning of the Roman Monarchy this City had a great number of Inhabitants by reason both of its commodious Situation for Trade and of the Fertility of its Soil It is about five Miles distant from the Gulf that bears its Name where it has a good Sea-port called Panormus which the Emperor Augustus chused for the Retreat of his Navy and for that Reason made the Inhabitants of Patras Citizens of Rome and granted them several Immunities and Priviledges which gave occasion to the Romans to call this City Augusta Aroe Patrensis The Goddess Diana was worshipped here under the Name of Diana Latria and had a yearly Sacrifice offered her of a young Man and a Maid pickt out of the handsomest in all the City This Superstitious and Bloody Sacrifice continued till Euripiles came to Patras and was made a Christian Convert by the Apostle St. Andrew Patras is now very well peopled especially with Jews who drive a great Trade there with the Grecians of the Neighbouring Islands and the English and French Merchants It s Air is none of the wholesomest by reason of the Neighbouring Mountains covered with Snow almost all the Year round and of the Waters that surround it This City with the Territory belonging to it was formerly in the Possession of the Despotes of Greece the last of which not being able to keep it against the Turks sold it in 1408. to the Republick of Venice The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1463. but in 1533. they retook it from the Turks under the Command of General Doria The next Year after the Turks expelled the Venetians who took it again in 1687. after their General Morosini had given the Turks a considerable overthrow in its Neighbourhood II. Chiarenza Chiarenza which is thought to be the Ancient Cyllene stands on the right side of the River Inachus called by Ptolomy Penaeus Fluvius upon a Hill near the Gulph of Patras It has been a famous City and the Capital of the Dukedom of the same Name under its own Princes The Venetians made themselves Masters of it when it was still in a pretty good condition But it is now so extreamly changed that there is scarce any thing to be seen besides its Ditches and some miserable Vestiges of what it has been It s Port which was capable of many good Ships is now filled up with Sands It stands about 25 Miles S. W. of Patras III. Caminitza Caminitza called by Strabo and Ptolomy Olenus and by Pliny Olenum stands three Miles from the Gulph of Patras on the right Bank of the little River Pirus betwixt the Cape of Chiarenza and Patras at an equal distance from each It owes its Foundation to Olenus Son of Vulcan but tho' it has been a great City with a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishoprick of Patras it is now reduced to a small inconsiderable Borough IV. Castel-Tornese Castel-Tornese called by the Turks Clemontzi is a little Town near the Cape of Tornese in the Dutchy of Chiarenza or according to others in the Province of Belvedere Built upon a heighth that overlooks a great Countrey round about betwixt the Gulf of Chiarenza and that of Arcadia called before Chelonates about three Miles from the Sea After the taking of Patras in 1687. Morosini summoned this Place which the Aga delivered presently Article II. Belvedere THIS Province Borders the River Carbon on the North Bounds which separates it from Chiarenza Zaconia or Braccio di Maina on the East the Sea of Sapienza on the South and that of Ionia on the West It contains the old Provinces of Elis and Messenia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Jardan formerly Ichctus Promontorium 2. Cape di Sapienza or Cape Gallo antiently Acritas Promontorium The Places of Note in this Province are Modon Bish Cap. Coron Calamata Navarin I. Modon MOdon called by the Turks Mutum anciently Methone is in that part of Peloponnesus formerly called Messenia It is a strong rich and trading City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It s Seat is very advantagious being upon a Cape of the Sea of Sapienza at the Foot of which is a fair and good Port. This City was the ordinary Residence of the Sangiac or Governour of Morea for the Grand Seignior It has at several times undergone several Revolutions The Emperor Trajanus granted it great Priviledges which were confirmed upon it by Constantine the Great In 1124. the Venetians made themselves Masters of it under the Doge Domenico Michiole but the Emperor of Constantinople retook it the next Year after In 1204. upon the Division of the Empire it fell again into the Possession of the Venetians from whom it was taken by Leo Veteran a famous Pyrate of Genoa This Usurper did not enjoy it long for being taken in the Hellespont he was brought to Corfu where he suffered an Ignominious Death which so frighted his Party that the Captains Dandolo and Promalino made themselves Masters of Modon without any opposition In 1498. Bajazet II. laid Siege to it with an Army of 150000 Men and took it after a sharp Battel with the Army of the Venetians which came to relieve it In 1659. Morosini the Venetian General took it from the Turks but they regained it in the end of the Candian War In 1686. the Venetian Arms again prevailed to deliver this noble and strong City out of the Hands of the Infidels They found in it 90 Pieces of Cannon Modon stand 15 Miles S. W. of Coron and 70 almost W. of Cape Matapan Long. 40 d. Lat. 34 d. 58 m. II. Coron Coron has a strong and commodious situation on the left side of Cape Gallo called by Ptolomy Acritas Promontorium
Candia anciently called Crete is an Island and Kingdom situated at the entry of the Archipelago Situation stretching from East to West one side towards Asia and the other towards Africa Extent It 's greatest length is from Cape Salomon to Cape Cornico The Country is good and fertile Quality and has divers small Rivers Rivers and Mountains Mountains Inhabitanta whereof Mount Ida different from Mount-Ida in Phrygia now called Psiloriti is the highest from the top of which both Seas may be seen It 's assured that towards the Sources of the Brook called Lene which is to the North of Mount-Ida there is a Grotto wrought into a Rock which is said to be the Labyrinth of Minos made according to Dedalus's Directions Its Inhabitants of this Island were the first that made themselves powerful at Sea by Navigation and on Land by the use of Arrows The sides their Experience at Sea they taught the way of taming and managing Horses they first of all invented Musick and were also the first that recorded their Laws Yet they have always had the Repute of being Vicious Lyars and Pyrates This Island was very famous for the Labyrinth of Minos History Invented by Dedalus and for the Ship called the Bull wherein Europa was carried away for the Amours of Pasiphae and by the Birth of Jupiter to whom this Island was Consecrated The Ancients reckoned above 100 Towns in it and called it Hecatompolis The Lacedemonians took Candia in Darius's Name in the 422 Year of Rome but L. Celius Metellus Consul of Rome made himself Master of it in 686 of Rom. Afterwards this Island was Subject to the Emperors of Rome and those of Constantinople until 823. that it was taken by the Saracens who Built the Town of Candia that gave its Name to the Island Nicephorus Phocas retook it in 962. Boniface Marquiss of Montferrat was Master of it and after Constantinople was taken by the French and Venetians he sold it to the latter in 1204. The Venetians fortified this Island in some places to curb the Inhabitants which were very subject to Rebel for in 1364. they had a mind to bring in the Genoeses but they were diverted by the wise Politicks of the Republick The Turks under pretence of Besieging Maltha in 1645. to be Revenged for the great Prize that the Knights under the Command of Bois-Baudran had taken in 1644. with a Sultan and an Ottoman Prince fell into Candia where they continued the War until 1669. They made themselves Masters of Canea in 1645. and then laid Siege to the Town of Candia which notwithstanding the endeavours of the French to rescue it from the Hands of the Infidels after a desperate War of 24 Years was forced to yield to the Turks but made honourable Conditions After the taking of this Important Place the Turks made themselves Masters of the greatest part of the Island which they have kept ever since The Chief Fortresses which were left to the Venetians by their last Treaty with the Port are Grabusa the Suda and Spina Longa. As for their Religion Religion the Venetians are Roman Catholicks but the other Inhabitants of the Island are of the Greek Church This Island is now divided into Four Territories Division which bear the Names of so many Principal Towns which are 1. Candia Archb. Cap. 2. Canea Bish 3. Rettimo Bish 4. Sittia On the Northern Shore I. Candia Candia is situated in the most Northern part and about the middle of the Island to which it gives its Name over-against the Isle of Standia with the Seat of an Archbishop who had Nine Suffragants It is both by Art and Nature one of the strongest Places in Europe Long. 50 d. 25 m. Lat. 34 d. 55 m. The Turks laid Siege to it in 1645. after the Battel of Carvaca but were forced to raise it after they had lost the best of their Army but left it Block'd up very close until 1667. and then they renewed the Siege again in the Month of May and took it by Composition in 1669. It is generally thought that the Turks lost 5 or 600000 Men at that Siege which exposed their Government to Rebellions often begun at Constantinople In 1692. the Venetians endeavoured to regain Candia but were forced to abandon the Enterprize with considerable loss II. Canea Canea was formerly called the Mother of Towns by the Grecians It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Candia and was taken by the Turks in 1645. III. Rettimo Rettimo is another small City and Bishoprick subject to the Turks IV. Sittia Sittia is another City Capital of a Territory of the same Name in the Northern Shore of the Island Article III. Islands in the Mare Egeo or Archipelago THere are in this Sea a great many Islands of which there are but three worth taking notice of viz. Egena Culuri and Negropont I. Egena Egena lyes about 15 Italian Miles from the Sea-coast of Athens 10 of Culuri and 12 of Morea It is called Egina by Strabo Aenone by Baudrand Myrmidonia by Brietius and Engi by the Mariners It is 30 Miles in Compass but has no Harbour for Ships Partridges multiply here to that degree that the Inhabitants are used to search their Nests and destroy their Eggs in the Spring to prevent the prejudice so great a quantity of Fowl might cause to their Seeds There are here two fine Monuments of Antiquity the first is a Temple of Venus towards the North of the Island the second is another Temple Dedicated to Jupiter by Aeacus first King of this Island The Town which bears the Name of the Island was formerly dignify'd with the Title of a Bishoprick Suffragan of the Archbishop of Athens and famous for the Birth of Paul of Medicis but it is now reduced to a Miserable Borough joined to the Fortress which is only remarkable for the Advantages of its situation upon a high craggy Rock which over-looks several Islands of the Archipelago This Island was formerly subject to the Venetians but since the time that Frederick Barberossa took it from them it was become a Receptacle of Banditto's and Pyrates In 1674. Morosini forced them to Surrender at Discretion and having pillag'd and demolished the Town he caused 300 Greeks and 40 Turks to be Chain'd in order to Row upon the Gallies of the Republick of Venice II. Culuri This Island was called by the Ancients Salamis and is known to the Mariners under the Name of Santa Bursia and under that of Cychria Scyrar and Pityussa to Baudrand It has a Village which bears its Name seated on the most Southern part of this Island with about 200 Houses in it and an Harbour which according to Mr. Spon's Travels is one of the largest in the World being Seven Miles long and Two broad This Island lyes about 10 Italian Miles from Egena 2 from Attica and is about 35 in Compass It has about a Thousand Inhabitants and
Cronia on the West and the Ruins of old Mycene on the South This City has undergone so many Vicissitudes that it has now but the bare Name left as a Memorial of its Ancient Greatness and Splendor the Magnificence of its Buildings being reduced to some pitiful paltry Houses and a Cittadel This City was sold to the Venetians in 1388. by Mary Erigana or Anguien in whose Hands it remained till Mahomet II's time The Venetians took it from the Turks in 1463. and lost it again a little while after But in the Year 1686. General Morosini recovered it again from the Tarks III. Corinth The City of Corinth vulgarly called Coranto Gerame by the Turks and Ephyro by Lauremberg is seated in the middle of the Isthmus to which it gives its Name It has the Title of an Archbishoprick and stands 85 Miles E. of Patras and 54 S. W. of Athens It is commanded by the famous Fortress called Acrocorinth which is near it It s Situation is so advantageous that it is called by some the Eye and the Bulwark of Peloponnesus The Romans upon pretence of an affront offered to their Ambassadors sent the Consul L. Mamius who burn'd and pillaged this City Anno Mundi 3818. but by the Care and Magnificence of Augustus it recovered its former Beauty and Riches Since that time it has often felt the fury of War especially under Amurath II. and Mahomet his Son so that it has now but the miserable ruins of its former Greatness and 20 or 30 Houses or rather Cottages it is subject to the Venetias since 1687. The Isthmus of Corinth The Isthmus of Corinth Lat. Isthmus Argolicus and Corinthiacus is a neck of land about six or seven Miles broad betwixt the Gulph of Lepanto and that of Engia which joins Morea to Achaia It was anciently very famous for the Ludi Isthmii or Isthmian Games instituted here by Theseus as also for its Theater Stadium Neptunes Temple and the Forest of Pine-Trees whose Leaves served to Crown the Combatants Several Princes as Alexander the Great Pitia Demetrius Julius Caesar Caligula Nero and Herod the Athenian either to advance Navigation and Trade or meerly to raise a Monument to their Fame have at different times attempted the digging through of this Isthmus but whether interrupted by more important business or wearied with the tediousness of the Work they have all of them left it unfinished Whence came the Latin Proverb Istmum fodere against those who undertake things beyond their strength Afterwards on this neck of Land a Wall was built which was called Hexamilon because it contained six Miles which is the whole breadth of the Isthmus This Wall was demolished by Amurath II. and being rebuilt and fortified by the Venetians was a second time pulled down by Mahomet II. in 1443. Article V. The Boundaries of Morea THE Bounds of this Peninsule as we have already hinted are the Isthmus of Corinth of which we have already treated and the Seas of Jonia Sapienza and of Candia and Aegeo in which we shall consider the Gulphs I. Gulphs of the Jonian Sea There are in this Sea five considerable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Lepanto called Crisaeus by the Ancients Helcyonius by Strabo Gulph of Pedras by Sophianus and Corinthiacus Sinus by others its length West and East is about 80 Miles washing on the North the Coasts of Achaia and on the South those of Morea 2. The Gulph of Patras so called from a Sea Town of Chiarenza which being environ'd partly by the Continent and partly by the opposite Islands resembles a spacious Lake in length about 200 Miles and about as many in breadth 3. The Gulph of Chiarenza so called from an ancient Sea Town extends it self from Cape Chiarenza to Castel Tornese 4. The Gulph of Arcadia called Chelonates or Chelonites Sinus by Ptolomy and Locardian by others stretches from Cape Tornese to Cape Jordan 5. The Gulph of Zanchio called formerly Cyparisius Sinus reaches from Cape Jardan to Cape Sapienza II. Gulphs of the Sea of Sapienza or of Candia Here are but two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Coron which washes the City whence it derives its name called Meseniacus Sinus by Ptolomy and Pliny Messenius by Strabo Coroneus and Asineus Sinus by some and Gulph of Calamata by others It is betwixt Cape Gallo and Cape Matapan 2. The Gulph of Colochina or of Castel Rampani or of Fleos called Laconicus Sinus by Strabo and Ptolomy washes Laconia and extends it self from Cape Matapan to Cape Malio III. Gulphs of the Mare Aegeo towards Morea Here are two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Napoli di Komania so called from the City of the same name and formerly Argolicus Sinus because it washed old Argïa its extent is from Cape Angelo to Cape Schilli 2. The Gulph of Engia is separated from that of Lepanto by the Isthmus of Corinth it comprehends a great many little Islands and Rocks It was formerly called Saronicus Sinus from the River Saron Salaminiacus by Pliny and Ptolomy from the Island Salamis Eleusinus by Strabo Hermonicus Sinus by some and lastly Gulph of Egena from the Island so called which is in the middle of it CHAP. VII Of the Islands about Greece Article I. Islands in the Jonian Sea The Islands of Note in this Sea may be reduced to Corfu Curzolaires Islands Santa Maura Cephalonia Teacchi Zante Strivales Islands I. Corfu This is one of the most considerable Islands under the Venetians It has had several Names some call it Scheria others Drepano Ephira Corintoa Effiso Cassiopea Argos Ceraunia Cercira and Corcyra from which lost its present Name of Corfu is derived It is 70 Italian Miles long W. and E. and 20 Miles broad in some Places 12 in others and 120 in compass its Soil is very fruitful abounding with Corn Honey Wine and very good Oyl The Air is serene mild and temperate which may be easily believed if we consider the Forests of Cedar and Orange Trees that grow there There are 100 Villages or Castles and a Town that bears the name of the Island in all which they reckon about 41000 Inhabitants The City of Corfu is seated in the middle of the Island with a very strong Fortress built upon a steep Rock whose foot is washed by the Sea It is an Archbishops See and is governed by six Nobles which are sent thieher every other year by the Republick of Venice who is in possession of this Island since 1327. Before that time it was subject to the Kings of Naples II. Curzolaires Islands The Curzolaires Islands are five in number they were known to the Ancients under the name of Echinades or Echinae the greatest of them are Same and Dulichio about a Mile from the Continent and 31 Miles W. of Lepanto III. Santa Maura The Island of Santa Maura or Lefcade was called by the Ancients Leucus or Leucadia It was formerly a Peninsule joined to the Continent of Achaia but the People of that
Country digged it into an Island It is 70 Italian Miles in Compass abounds with Corn Wine Oyl Tobacco and all manner of Fruits This Island has 30 Villages and the City of Santa Maura which is environ'd by the Sea betwixt Lefcade and the Continent and is joined to this by several little Islands which communicate to one another by Bridges and by an Aqueduct supported by 360 Arches Its Walls are of an Eptogonal irregular figure flank'd with five great Towers to the East it has an Harbour called Damata General Morosini made himself Master of it in July 1684. IV. Cefalonia The Island of Cesalonia was formerly called Melena by some Samo or Same Dulichio Tilebi Casso and Chieffali by others It lies on the S. of Corfu and is 170 Italian Miles in compass It is very fruitful in Corn and Fruits The Trees bear twice in the year and the Wheat they sow in the spring is reap'd in June There grow also Lemons of an extraordinary bigness and great quantities of Raisins which are transported into England Besides several Villages and Boroughs there is a City that has the same name with the Island and the Fortress of Asso The CIty of Cephalonia is a Bishop's See its Cathedral is an Annex of that of Zanteg it is the Seat of the Governour who is a Noble Venetian with the Title of Proveditor The Fortress of Asso was built by the Venetians in 1595. on a very high steep Rock surrounded with the Sea so that it is accounted inaccessible The Fortifications are raised according to its Situation which is very Irregular this Fortress is joined to the Island of Cefalonia by a Neck of Land about 20 Paces broad This Island was freely given to the Venetians in 1224 by one â—ajus its Lord and Governour V. Teacchi Teacchi called Itaca by Strabo and Pliny Nericia Val di Compagno Val di Compare Cephalonia Picciola by others Tiachi by the Greeks and Phiacchi by the Turks lies on the N. E. of Cefalonia from which it is separated by a Channel 20 Italian Miles long and five broad This Island is famous in Antiquity for being the Country of Vlysses and the Residence of the Chast Penelope during the Siege of Troy The Inhabitants are 15000 in number which are Governed by one of the Citizens of Cefalonia sent thither every year with the Title of Capitan of Teacchi VI. Zante Zante was called Zacyn thus by the Ancients The North of this Island is full of Craggy steep Rocks but to the South it has fine delightful Plains covered with Fruit-Trees of all sorts Besides a great number of Villages there is a Town and Castle that bears the name of the Island with the Title of a Bishoprick and the ordinary residence of the Governour or Proveditor of the Island who is a Noble Venetian He has two Counsellors under him and the Place of all three lasts two years The Castle is built on a Hill that commands all the Island at the foot of the Town which stretches along the Sea side the space of two Miles They make there vast quantities of Raisins strong racy Wines and most excellent Oyls to the value of 50000 Ducats per An. Most of the Inhabitants are Grecians who profess the Greek Religion the Latins including the Soldiers make but an inconfiderable number There are about 3000 Jews who have there three Synagogue and thrive a very great Trade There are also some English Merchants most of them Protestant This Island is subject to frequent Earth-quakes which is the reason why they built their Houses generally but one Story high There are in this Island several Greek Churches and Religious Houses to the number of 44. under the Government of a Bishop who is to be chosen by the Greek Curates of all the Island None are admitted to that Dignity but those who have profest the Monastical Life of St. Basil which is the reason why there are here so many Houses of that Order The Bishop has no Revenue besides the free Gifts of the People and his Fees for Ordination both which amount to a considerable sum of Money This Island was sold to the Republick of Venice by Robert Tarente in 1350. with several other Islands VII Strivales Islands The Strivales are two little Islands called by Seamen Stamfane and by the Ancients Strophades Strivali Stromphides and Calydnes They stand low and almost reach to the Water their Haven is 50 Italian Miles distant from Cefalonia They are very small the greatest of the two not being above four Miles in Compass Yet they yield great quantity of Grapes out of which extraordinary good Wine is made There are no other Inhabitants but a sort of Monks called Caloyers who have Built their Convent like a Fortress defended with good Cannon to secure themselves from the Assaults of the Turks These Islands are famous in the Ancient Poets who feign'd them to be the Dwelling-place of the Harpies Article II. Islands in the Sea of Sapienza and Candia THere are in these Seas but three little Islands and two great ones called Cerigo and Candia The first of the three is called Sphagia or Sphateria or Sfragia vulgarly of Sapienza The second is called Cabrera or Fuschella or Teganuse and Cauriera The third is called Venetico Near these Islands are many Rocks where the Pyrates of Barbary use to watch the Merchant-Men which come out of the Gulf of Venice or from Sicily I. Cerigo Cerigo is an Island of the Sea of Sapienza in the Gulf of Colochina about six Miles distant from the Continent It was formerly called Cytherea Porphyrusa and Schothera It is 60 Italian Miles in Compass The City that bears the Name of the Island has the Title of a Bishoprick Both Art and Nature have contributed to make it strong It is Built upon a high craggy Rock on the Sea-side with good Bastions tho' irregular defended with Cannon At the foot of this Fortress there is a Haven not much frequented because it is narrow and exposed to the Winds But 12 Miles from this Port there is another large commodious and safe This Island abounds with Fowl but yields but little Corn Wine and Oyl so that Provisions are here extraordinary dear Here are many Villages but of little or no consideration There are also some Monasteries of Hiero-Monachi and Caloyers Amongst the others there is one Built upon a very high steep Rock on the right side and pretty near the Fortress for which the Inhabitants have a great Veneration by the perswasion they have that St. John began there his Book of Revelations This Island is also famous in the Fables of the Ancients for being either the Birth-place or the Residence of Venus during her Youth to whom they had Dedicated a Temple in the Eastern part of the Island under the Name of Citherea This Island is subject to the Venetians who send thither every other Year one of their Nobles with the Title of Castellain and Proveditor II. Candia