luhlatraesk_n the_o 22_o at_o the_o lake_n lugga_n the_o 23_o on_o the_o hill_n kierkowari_n the_o 24_o on_o the_o hill_n kautom_n jaurlis_n the_o 25_o at_o the_o cataract_n sao_n the_o 26_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n call_v kaiszikiae_n the_o 27_o at_o the_o lake_n zyggraesk_n the_o 28_o at_o the_o hill_n piouki_n the_o 29_o in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o lake_n waikejaur_n call_v lusbyshulos_n the_o 30_o in_o a_o mountain_n near_o the_o river_n juleo_n call_v warieluth_n neither_o be_v these_o be_v the_o place_n in_o the_o country_n that_o be_v dedicate_v to_o this_o use_n but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o the_o idolatrous_a people_n endeavour_v to_o conceal_v that_o they_o may_v avoid_v the_o suspicion_n of_o this_o impiety_n and_o their_o deserve_a punishment_n but_o in_o other_o part_n of_o lapland_n the_o number_n be_v far_o great_a as_o may_v be_v easy_o understand_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o tire_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o recital_n of_o they_o 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the_o beast_n neck_n and_o bound_v it_o to_o a_o ring_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o drum_n than_o one_o of_o they_o beat_v the_o drum_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n sing_v these_o word_n what_o say_v thou_o o_o great_a and_o sacred_a god_n do_v thou_o accept_v this_o sacrifice_n which_o we_o design_v to_o offer_v unto_o thou_o and_o while_o they_o chant_v these_o word_n they_o repete_fw-la the_o name_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v then_o if_o the_o ring_n rest_v on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o drum_n where_o the_o god_n be_v picture_v they_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o god_n be_v please_v and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o ceremony_n or_o else_o they_o carry_v the_o sacrifice_n to_o thor_n and_o use_v the_o like_a form_n of_o word_n father_n god_n will_v you_o have_v my_o sacrifice_n peucer_n either_o through_o false_a intelligence_n or_o misapprehension_n relate_v this_o business_n something_o different_o they_o have_v say_v he_o a_o brazen_a drum_n whereon_o they_o paint_v several_a sort_n of_o beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n such_o as_o they_o can_v easy_o procure_v bolt_n upright_o upon_o this_o drum_n they_o fix_v a_o iron_n perch_n upon_o which_o stand_v a_o brazen_a frog_n which_o at_o the_o beat_n of_o the_o drum_n fall_v down_o upon_o some_o of_o the_o picture_n and_o that_o creature_n who_o picture_n the_o frog_n touch_v they_o sacrifice_v their_o usual_a sacrifice_n be_v raindears_a though_o sometime_o they_o use_v other_o creature_n as_o dog_n cat_n lamb_n and_o hen_n which_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o norway_n the_o 3_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o they_o offer_v their_o sacrifice_n usual_o in_o the_o autumn_n because_o i_o suppose_v the_o winter_n and_o night_n be_v at_o hand_n they_o think_v they_o have_v more_o need_n of_o their_o god_n assistance_n which_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o reason_n too_o why_o every_o year_n about_o that_o time_n they_o make_v a_o new_a image_n for_o thor_n which_o be_v always_o do_v 1â—_n day_n 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only_o draw_v several_a cross_n behind_o he_o they_o place_v the_o skull_n feet_z and_o horn_n of_o the_o sacrifice_a dear_a before_o he_o they_o place_v a_o coffer_n make_v of_o the_o bark_n of_o birch_n into_o which_o they_o put_v a_o bit_n of_o every_o member_n of_o the_o rain-dear_a with_o some_o of_o the_o fat_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o flesh_n they_o convert_v to_o their_o private_a use_n this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o laplander_n sacrifice_v to_o thor._n but_o when_o they_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o storjunkar_n which_o be_v likewise_o a_o male_a dear_a than_o first_o they_o run_v a_o red_a thread_n through_o his_o right_a ear_n and_o bound_v he_o and_o sacrifice_v he_o in_o the_o place_n they_o do_v that_o to_o thor_n preserve_v the_o blood_n likewise_o in_o a_o vessel_n
ladulaus_n do_v not_o conquer_v they_o out_o of_o any_o fear_n he_o conceive_v of_o their_o force_n but_o by_o sleight_n foresee_v the_o small_a advantage_n he_o shall_v receive_v will_v not_o quit_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o army_n thus_o the_o laplander_n be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o subtlety_n and_o expense_n of_o private_a person_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 1277_o the_o birkarli_n have_v the_o authority_n over_o they_o yet_o so_o as_o to_o acknowledge_v their_o dependence_n on_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n now_o whether_o all_o of_o they_o be_v thus_o overcome_v as_o those_o that_o live_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n of_o norway_n near_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o finlander_n or_o lappofinni_n be_v still_o in_o doubt_n except_o we_o collect_v it_o from_o this_o that_o all_o from_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n be_v certain_o subject_v but_o whatever_o dispute_n may_v arise_v concern_v that_o it_o be_v manifest_v the_o swede_n be_v the_o first_o conqueror_n of_o lapland_n but_o afterward_o the_o norwegian_n and_o moscovite_n follow_v their_o example_n put_v in_o also_o for_o a_o part_n thus_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o these_o three_o several_a prince_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o the_o other_o the_o swede_n enjoy_v for_o some_o former_a age_n half_o the_o dominion_n from_o tidisfiorden_n to_o walangar_n over_o the_o lappofinni_n or_o maritime_a finlander_n this_o be_v give_v by_o charles_n the_o ix_o in_o his_o instruction_n to_o his_o ambassador_n send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o danemark_n wherein_o he_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o swede_n have_v from_o former_a time_n till_o then_o enjoy_v half_o the_o right_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a whether_o as_o to_o tribute_n punishment_n man_n or_o fisherie_n with_o the_o crown_n of_o danemark_n and_o norway_n but_o the_o swede_n keep_v only_o a_o three_o part_n from_o malanger_n to_o waranger_n those_o of_o norway_n and_o moscovy_n lay_v claim_n to_o the_o other_o two_o till_o in_o the_o year_n 1595_o the_o moscovite_n by_o a_o league_n deliver_v up_o their_o part_n but_o the_o swede_n always_o possess_v the_o mountainous_a and_o more_o neighbour_a place_n from_o ladulaus_n time_n for_o near_o four_o hundred_o year_n and_o exercise_v their_o authority_n over_o they_o the_o government_n after_o the_o conquest_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o birkarli_n according_a to_o the_o grant_v give_v they_o by_o ladulaus_n who_o rule_v over_o those_o that_o dwell_v near_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n impose_v tax_n traffic_v with_o they_o and_o receive_v all_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o salmon_n fish_v and_o all_o other_o advantage_n arise_v from_o they_o but_o in_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a they_o pay_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o gray_a squirrel_n skin_n the_o laplander_n by_o common_a consent_n receive_v and_o honour_v the_o bergchara_n that_o be_v man_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o birkarli_n as_o their_o governor_n and_o pay_v they_o very_o rich_a skin_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n both_o for_o their_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o their_o own_o proper_a use_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o commission_v by_o the_o king_n in_o those_o time_n to_o govern_v they_o as_o will_v appear_v afterward_o he_o that_o be_v their_o governor_n be_v honour_v by_o they_o with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n his_o authority_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n he_o wear_v a_o red_a robe_n as_o the_o token_n of_o his_o royalty_n now_o from_o this_o sort_n of_o garment_n by_o which_o the_o birkarli_n be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v the_o first_o ruler_n in_o those_o part_n and_o perhaps_o only_o one_o govern_v they_o whilst_o they_o dwell_v near_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n but_o when_o they_o enlarge_v their_o possession_n far_o into_o the_o land_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a county_n each_o division_n have_v its_o particular_a governor_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o be_v manifest_v from_o the_o letter_n of_o gustavus_n the_o first_o where_o he_o divide_v the_o birkarli_n into_o luhlians_n pythian_o and_o tornians_n over_o which_o according_o there_o be_v several_a governor_n it_o may_v perhaps_o now_o be_v a_o dispute_n who_o these_o birkarli_n be_v by_o who_o the_o swede_n subdue_v lapland_n buraeus_fw-la say_v they_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o allotment_n of_o birkala_n but_o olaus_n magnus_n be_v of_o a_o different_a opinion_n and_o call_v they_o bergchara_n that_o be_v man_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o berga_n mountain_n and_o charar_n or_o karar_fw-la man_n what_o ground_n he_o have_v for_o this_o he_o neither_o declare_v nor_o can_v i_o easy_o imagine_v but_o i_o think_v they_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v find_v little_a credit_n any_o where_o for_o from_o whence_o or_o from_o what_o mountain_n shall_v they_o be_v thus_o call_v not_o from_o those_o of_o norway_n when_o at_o that_o time_n no_o body_n inhabit_v there_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o mountain_n beside_o these_o from_o whence_o they_o shall_v take_v this_o name_n moreover_o the_o birkarli_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o converse_v common_o with_o the_o laplander_n the_o public_a record_n also_o contradict_v this_o opinion_n for_o in_o they_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o bergcharli_n but_o birkarleboa_n it_o be_v yet_o clear_a also_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o cnute_n joanson_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o year_n 1318_o where_o he_o say_v in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telge_n betwixt_o the_o helsinger_n and_o birkarleboa_n in_o his_o presence_n there_o be_v issue_v out_o this_o placart_n etc._n etc._n this_o serve_v to_o confute_v olaus_n it_o be_v more_o evident_a that_o they_o come_v from_o birkala_n a_o allotment_n in_o tavastia_n and_o describe_v in_o the_o map_n next_o as_o to_o gustavus_n the_o first_o mention_v the_o birkarli_n in_o the_o foresay_a letter_n as_o belong_v to_o several_a march_n viz._n luhla_n pitha_n and_o torna_fw-la it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n the_o birkarli_n that_o descend_v from_o those_o of_o tavastia_n be_v place_v in_o these_o several_a town_n to_o govern_v the_o laplander_n and_o because_o they_o only_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o commerce_n with_o they_o they_o be_v call_v merchant_n they_o be_v use_v in_o the_o summer_n to_o buy_v those_o commodity_n of_o the_o merchant_n that_o come_v to_o bothnia_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o laplander_n and_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v freeze_v over_o they_o carry_v they_o up_o into_o the_o country_n this_o way_n of_o trafic_n be_v use_v by_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bothnia_n but_o perhaps_o only_o at_o first_o by_o one_o allotment_n which_o grow_v populous_a several_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n remove_v far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o retain_v the_o same_o privilege_n that_o be_v first_o grant_v by_o ladulaus_n viz._n that_o no_o one_o but_o they_o shall_v claim_v any_o privilege_n over_o the_o laplander_n either_o as_o to_o the_o government_n tribute_n commerce_n or_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o privilege_n they_o for_o a_o long_a time_n enjoy_v as_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o letter_n write_v by_o cnute_n joanson_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n smecke_n in_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o birkarli_n shall_v not_o be_v molest_v either_o in_o their_o passage_n to_o or_o from_o the_o laplander_n this_o privilege_n they_o maintain_v till_o gustavus_n the_o first_o who_o make_v a_o contract_n with_o they_o at_o vpsal_n on_o the_o 4_o of_o april_n 1528_o concern_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o great_a advantage_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o laplander_n this_o tribute_n be_v only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o privilege_n the_o birkarli_n have_v from_o ladulaus_n time_n till_o then_o these_o be_v so_o large_o grant_v that_o they_o settle_v they_o as_o hereditary_a upon_o their_o child_n and_o none_o but_o those_o descend_v from_o the_o birkarli_n can_v enjoy_v they_o this_o gustavus_n also_o confirm_v according_a to_o the_o former_a grant_n make_v to_o their_o ancestor_n but_o with_o this_o alteration_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v half_a as_o much_o more_o as_o they_o do_v former_o this_o government_n the_o birkarli_n exercise_v over_o the_o laplander_n which_o they_o get_v by_o subtlety_n have_v their_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n preserve_v it_o in_o their_o own_o family_n and_o deliver_v it_o down_o to_o their_o child_n for_o near_a 300_o year_n till_o gustavus_n the_o first_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o insult_a over_o the_o common_a people_n deprive_v they_o of_o this_o state_n for_o when_o their_o riches_n increase_v they_o oppress_v the_o poor_a sort_n and_o extort_a so_o much_o from_o they_o that_o they_o leave_v they_o very_o little_a but_o that_o which_o be_v worth_a nothing_o upon_o
plentiful_a with_o they_o as_o the_o former_a they_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o other_o berry_n though_o the_o native_n do_v not_o so_o much_o value_v they_o this_o country_n afford_v very_o useful_a herb_n such_o as_o be_v angelica_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n value_v so_o much_o that_o they_o call_v it_o the_o lapland_n herb_n or_o samigraes_n they_o be_v much_o please_v with_o it_o in_o their_o meat_n it_o grow_v with_o a_o short_a stalk_n but_o thick_a in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v find_v sorrel_n which_o they_o use_v too_o in_o their_o food_n some_o particular_a herb_n they_o have_v which_o be_v not_o find_v any_o where_o else_o as_o calceolum_n lapponicum_n or_o brassica_n rangiferorum_n what_o sort_n of_o herb_n it_o be_v sam._n rheen_n express_v in_o these_o word_n which_o though_o tedious_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o transcribe_v that_o we_o may_v have_v his_o exact_a opinion_n it_o there_o grow_v say_v he_o a_o herb_n which_o they_o call_v calceolum_n lapponicum_n because_o its_o flower_n be_v like_o the_o laplander_n shoe_n it_o be_v of_o a_o blue_a colour_n with_o three_o row_n of_o seed_n in_o the_o pod_n it_o have_v large_a leaf_n than_o the_o vulgar_a cabbage_n its_o stalk_n be_v a_o finger_n thick_a and_o the_o root_n bitter_a it_o grow_v extraordinary_a fast_o and_o rise_v to_o three_o cubit_n in_o height_n and_o sometime_o more_o it_o be_v think_v a_o bad_a and_o unprofitable_a herb_n because_o no_o beast_n will_v taste_v of_o it_o there_o be_v another_o herb_n very_o usefel_v and_o wholesome_a and_o of_o great_a esteem_n among_o they_o which_o olaus_n pet._n take_v to_o be_v like_o a_o carrot_n he_o say_v it_o be_v call_v mosaraoth_n have_v the_o taste_n and_o flower_n of_o pimpervel_n grow_v in_o marshy_a ground_n to_o a_o ell_n in_o height_n that_o mosaraoth_n be_v not_o a_o lapland_n but_o swedish_n name_n from_o maosa_fw-la which_o signify_v marshy_a place_n where_o moss_n grow_v what_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o i_o can_v yet_o learn_v and_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a herb_n which_o this_o country_n have_v i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o one_o that_o can_v help_v i_o to_o the_o exact_a shape_n of_o they_o but_o although_o this_o soil_n bear_v some_o peculiar_a herb_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o many_o species_n of_o they_o which_o olaus_n pet._n gather_v from_o the_o west-bothnia_a which_o border_n on_o lapland_n for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v find_v but_o very_o few_o i_o come_v now_o to_o moss_n which_o be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n the_o first_o be_v tree_n moss_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o long_a wool_n hang_v down_o from_o the_o bough_n especial_o of_o the_o pitch_n tree_n and_o sometime_o from_o other_o the_o 2d._o which_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o afford_v food_n for_o the_o raindeer_v in_o the_o winter_n be_v ground_n moss_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n with_o long_a thin_a leaf_n grow_v a_o foot_n high_a the_o 3d._o be_v ground_n moss_n but_o soft_a of_o a_o more_o delicate_a yellow_a green_a this_o be_v pernicious_a to_o the_o fox_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n cut_v small_a and_o mix_v with_o their_o bait_n to_o catch_v they_o the_o 4_o be_v also_o ground_n moss_n short_a and_o soft_a of_o a_o very_a fine_a colour_n which_o because_o it_o be_v so_o fine_a they_o use_v instead_o of_o feather_n to_o lay_v under_o infant_n new_o bear_v i_o hear_v of_o a_o 5_o sort_n with_o large_a and_o long_a leaf_n which_o they_o call_v fathne_n good_a against_o faint_v if_o it_o be_v bruise_v and_o drink_v in_o broth_n but_o i_o doubt_v whether_o this_o be_v moss_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v it_o angelica_n cut_v small_a prepare_v and_o boil_v under_o ground_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v mention_v be_v grass_n which_o be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n the_o best_a sort_n be_v that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o valley_n near_o the_o mauntain_n call_v fell_n be_v short_a soft_a and_o juicy_a that_o which_o grow_v in_o other_o place_n be_v thick_a rough_a and_o dryer_n there_o be_v a_o 3_o sort_n thin_a and_o slender_a which_o the_o inhabitant_n use_v for_o stuff_v of_o their_o shoe_n and_o glove_n to_o defend_v their_o foot_n and_o hand_n from_o the_o weather_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o tree_n shrub_n and_o herb_n of_o lapland_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o their_o metal_n that_o metal_n grow_v in_o lapland_n and_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o scandivavia_n be_v only_o a_o conjecture_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o it_o therefore_o none_o of_o they_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o olaus_n m._n flat_o deny_v that_o to_o his_o age_n there_o be_v any_o iron_n copper_n or_o silver_n mine_v find_v therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fasten_v their_o boat_n with_o osier_n without_o any_o nail_n because_o they_o have_v no_o iron_n but_o in_o the_o 35._o year_n of_o this_o age_n in_o queen_n christina_n reign_n a_o silver_n i_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pitha_n near_o nasafialo_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n which_o divide_v swedcland_n from_o norway_n this_o be_v the_o first_o mine_n know_v in_o lapland_n find_v by_o loens_n person_n a_o inhabitant_n of_o pitha_n in_o the_o year_n 1645._o the_o most_o illustrious_a ericus_n fleming_n l._n baron_n of_o lais_n now_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o precedent_n of_o the_o company_n of_o mine_n first_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v open_v and_o a_o melting-house_n build_v with_o convenient_a necessary_n there_o be_v also_o a_o vein_n of_o lead_n rich_a than_o the_o silver_n and_o easy_a work_v rheen_fw-mi say_v that_o the_o mountain_n be_v open_v not_o with_o pickaxe_n or_o any_o iron_n instrument_n but_o they_o bear_v a_o hole_n which_o must_v be_v fill_v with_o gunpowder_n when_o the_o mouth_n be_v well_o stop_v they_o apply_v fire_n through_o another_o little_a hole_n which_o touch_v the_o powder_n break_v the_o hard_a stone_n in_o piece_n but_o the_o use_n of_o this_o mine_n last_v no_o long_a time_n for_o in_o the_o war_n between_o the_o swede_n and_o dane_n in_o carolus_n gustavus_n his_o reign_n about_o the_o year_n 1958._o it_o be_v spoil_v by_o one_o van_n anon_o the_o danish_a king_n governor_n from_o which_o time_n no_o man_n will_v go_v to_o the_o expense_n of_o cleanse_v and_o repair_v the_o i_o because_o it_o will_v require_v a_o vast_a charge_n before_o they_o can_v get_v any_o profit_n by_o it_o which_o be_v too_o much_o for_o man_n of_o mean_a estate_n to_o undertake_v the_o 2_o silver_n i_o be_v in_o luhla-lapmark_a name_v kiedlkievasi_n find_v by_o jonan_n petri_n live_v in_o torpenjaur_n about_o the_o 60._o year_n of_o this_o age_n it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o village_n torpenjaur_n on_o a_o high_a mountain_n 2._o mile_n from_o the_o top_n 6._o mile_n from_o raedstad_n a_o village_n of_o norway_n between_o raedstad_n and_o keidlkievasi_n there_o be_v a_o famous_a high_a hill_n call_v daorfiael_n in_o the_o road_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o mine_n to_o norway_n the_o foul_a weather_n in_o the_o winter_n stop_v all_o passage_n over_o this_o mountain_n the_o mine_n be_v rich_a enough_o and_o very_o broad_a continue_v the_o same_o all_o over_o lodge_v in_o a_o hard_a marcasite_n it_o have_v this_o inconvenience_n that_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n near_o it_o but_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fetch_v their_o fuel_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a off_o they_o use_v powder_n instead_o of_o dig_v it_o as_o before_o the_o melting-house_n stand_v 5._o mile_n off_o in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n near_o the_o concourse_n of_o several_a river_n especial_o darijock_n and_o quickjock_n which_o last_o give_v the_o house_n its_o name_n here_o be_v a_o very_a spacious_a wood_n and_o great_a plenty_n of_o shrub_n especial_o current_a and_o all_o fort_n of_o herb_n the_o river_n afford_v abundance_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o salmon_n trout_n perch_n etc._n etc._n distant_a 27._o mile_n from_o taorne_n discover_v in_o 1655._o by_o a_o nhabitant_n who_o be_v show_v the_o ore_n to_o ericus_n ericsonius_n who_o first_o discover_v it_o it_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o not_o drossy_a only_a necessary_n be_v convey_v thither_o with_o some_o difficulty_n there_o be_v another_o 3._o mile_n northward_o call_v wittange_n find_v by_o a_o laplander_n in_o 1668._o the_o vein_n be_v not_o so_o good_a because_o mix_v with_o iron_n wherefore_o they_o do_v not_o dig_v it_o so_o willing_o as_o the_o other_o from_o these_o mine_n the_o ore_n be_v ship_v away_o to_o the_o melting-house_n at_o koenge_n to_o be_v melt_v and_o thence_o bring_v to_o torna_fw-la there_o be_v iron_n mine_n too_o one_o in_o tornelapmark_a join_n to_o the_o copper_n i_o another_o in_o the_o same_o lapmark_n call_v junesuando_fw-la find_v in_o 1940._o by_o laurence_n a_o inhabitant_n there_o about_o 22._o mile_n distant_a from_o
torna_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o be_v beat_v into_o bar_n and_o rod_n at_o the_o forge_n at_o koenge_n a_o 3_o vein_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n be_v find_v in_o pelziwachin_n at_o lulha_n but_o of_o these_o the_o two_o first_o only_o be_v dig_v i_o hear_v in_o 1671._o of_o a_o golden_a mine_n but_o because_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n i_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o mention_v it_o because_o there_o be_v some_o that_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o swedeland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n the_o first_o but_o this_o be_v divulge_v by_o a_o uncertain_a author_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n for_o to_o this_o day_n nothing_o more_o have_v be_v hear_v of_o it_o chap_n xxxiii_o of_o their_o stone_n jewel_n and_o pearl_n i_o come_v now_o to_o their_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o many_o of_o a_o ash_n colour_n but_o rough_a hard_a and_o intractable_a not_o to_o be_v reduce_v by_o any_o instrument_n to_o shape_n for_o use_v beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o often_o find_v on_o the_o shore_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o animal_n these_o the_o inhabitant_n esteem_v much_o and_o adore_v they_o for_o god_n under_o the_o name_n of_o stoorjuncare_n in_o tornelapmark_a near_o the_o i_o junesuando_fw-la on_o the_o bank_n of_o torno_n there_o be_v find_v yellow_a plain_a stone_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n like_o money_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o half_a crown_n which_o look_v like_o dirt_n but_o be_v as_o hard_o as_o flint_n dn._n grape_n in_o his_o paper_n make_v mention_v of_o they_o i_o will_v set_v down_o a_o draught_n of_o they_o mark_v with_o the_o letter_n b._n in_o the_o mine_n itself_o there_o be_v find_v stone_n in_o the_o perfect_a shape_n of_o octaedra_n polish_a and_o work_v by_o nature_n herself_o but_o very_o small_a not_o exceed_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o nut_n and_o sometime_o less_o i_o have_v put_v down_o their_o figure_n with_o the_o letter_n c_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v find_v in_o this_o country_n though_o olaus_n mag._n speak_v of_o mountain_n under_o the_o pole_n which_o some_o have_v think_v do_v breed_v the_o stone_n his_o word_n seem_v to_o intimate_v loadstone_n as_o big_a as_o mountain_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o can_v mean_v lapland_n for_o that_o have_v none_o such_o yet_o there_o be_v those_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o loadstone_n be_v find_v there_o as_o for_o precious_a stone_n they_o have_v they_o frequent_o buraeus_fw-la mention_n jewel_n and_o afterward_o he_o add_v diamond_n amethyst_n and_o topaz_n by_o diamond_n he_o mean_v transparent_a stone_n or_o crystal_n they_o be_v find_v big_a and_o little_o stick_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o the_o rock_n and_o cragg_n some_o be_v as_o big_a as_o child_n head_n such_o as_o i_o see_v the_o illustrious_a gabriel_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr galdie_n chancellor_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v they_o have_v six_o side_n end_v like_o a_o pyramid_n though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v imperfect_a the_o colour_n in_o some_o be_v bright_a and_o clear_a not_o inferior_a to_o crystal_n in_o other_o dull_a and_o spoil_v with_o flaw_n some_o be_v pure_a other_o have_v vein_n like_o crack_n branch_a out_o every_o way_n they_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o flint_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o light_v a_o candle_n and_o yield_v more_o fire_n if_o strike_v with_o a_o steel_n than_o the_o flint_n themselves_o i_o have_v now_o in_o a_o lapland_n pouch_n some_o crystal_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o flint_n the_o jeweller_n polish_v and_o cut_v their_o crystal_n with_o such_o art_n that_o sometime_o they_o be_v take_v for_o true_a diamond_n by_o those_o that_o have_v skill_n i_o have_v draw_v the_o great_a sort_n of_o crystal_n in_o the_o native_a bigness_n &_o shape_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n a._n buraeus_fw-la mention_n amethyst_n next_o some_o of_o which_o i_o see_v bring_v out_o of_o lapland_n but_o so_o pale_a and_o spot_a that_o they_o be_v scarce_o comparable_a to_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o bohemâ—a_n though_o i_o hear_v since_o that_o there_o be_v much_o better_o find_v cut_v rare_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o topaz_n one_o of_o which_o i_o have_v in_o my_o study_n in_o every_o thing_n like_o a_o crystal_n only_o the_o colour_n incline_v to_o a_o yellow_a i_o be_o tell_v that_o none_o of_o the_o rest_n do_v shine_v so_o much_o as_o those_o that_o come_v from_o other_o place_n which_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o jewel_n of_o this_o nation_n not_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o bare_a lively_a brisk_a colour_n as_o the_o eastern_a jewel_n do_v to_o this_o head_n i_o reduce_v all_o pearl_n and_o margarite_n though_o they_o be_v not_o stone_n some_o river_n in_o lapland_n produce_v these_o therefore_o there_o be_v certain_a inhabitant_n appoint_v to_o dive_v and_o search_v for_o they_o such_o as_o be_v john_n peterson_n mention_v by_o s._n rheen_n who_o first_o find_v the_o silver_n mine_n at_o nasasiael_n he_o be_v call_v even_o diamontzbryeare_n sampi_fw-la partefoekiare_fw-la i._n e._n one_o that_o find_v and_o cut_v pearl_n which_o though_o out_o of_o this_o country_n be_v not_o contemptible_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o most_o of_o they_o want_v that_o liveliness_n which_o the_o oriental_a pearl_n have_v though_o some_o be_v find_v as_o good_a and_o in_o bigness_n and_o shape_n exceed_v they_o there_o be_v find_v some_o not_o come_v to_o perfection_n half_a round_a and_o half_a slat_n the_o round_a part_n be_v bright_a the_o other_o yellow_a and_o dull_a i_o see_v one_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o bring_v out_o of_o bothnia_n so_o exact_o round_a with_o such_o fresh_a colour_n that_o a_o certain_a woman_n offer_v a_o 120._o crown_n for_o it_o a_o jeweller_n assure_v i_o that_o if_o he_o have_v another_o as_o good_a he_o will_v not_o sell_v both_o for_o 500_o they_o be_v breed_v not_o of_o such_o shell_n as_o be_v in_o the_o east_n broad_a plane_n and_o almost_o circular_a like_o oyster_n but_o long_o and_o hollow_a like_o muscle_n shell_n and_o not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o river_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o olaus_n magnus_fw-la those_o that_o be_v not_o come_v to_o perfection_n stick_v within_o the_o shell_n but_o those_o that_o be_v perfect_a be_v loose_a and_o drop_v out_o when_o the_o shell_n be_v open_v chap._n xxxiv_o of_o their_o river_n lapland_n if_o any_o country_n be_v well_o water_v with_o spring_n and_o river_n the_o most_o note_a be_v those_o from_o whence_o the_o particular_a march_n and_o region_n have_v their_o name_n as_o umeao_n pitheao_n luhleao_n torneao_n and_o kimeao_n these_o spring_n from_o the_o norway_n mountain_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o several_a less_o river_n unburden_v themselves_o at_o last_o into_o the_o bothnick_a sea_n vindela_n fill_v vmeao_n and_o skiellefle_v pitheao_n luhleao_n swallow_v a_o less_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o kimeao_n be_v increase_v by_o avilaiocki_n which_o itself_o be_v no_o small_a river_n for_o there_o be_v numberless_a rivulet_n which_o run_v into_o it_o so_o luhleao_n which_o have_v a_o double_a stream_n the_o lesser_a receive_v pyrrijaus_n kardijoch_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n with_o the_o great_a call_v stoor-luhleao_a and_o tornaeo_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o river_n kaeungemae_n taengeleao_n and_o other_o and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o all_o the_o great_a river_n which_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o impetuous_a and_o big_a that_o they_o yield_v to_o few_o in_o the_o world_n and_o because_o they_o run_v through_o hilly_a and_o uneven_a country_n and_o be_v stop_v by_o several_a dam_n &_o wear_v they_o force_v their_o way_n over_o precipice_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o in_o those_o place_n be_v not_o navigable_a such_o be_v the_o sluice_n at_o lughlens_n call_v muskaumokke_n and_o another_o name_v sao_n likewise_o niometsaski_n i._n e._n a_o hare_n leap_v so_o call_v because_o the_o river_n lughla_n 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the_o history_n of_o lapland_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o original_a manner_n habit_n marriage_n conjuration_n etc._n etc._n of_o that_o people_n write_a by_o john_n shefferus_fw-la professor_n of_o law_n &_o rhetorrick_n at_o upsal_n in_o sweden_n at_o the_o theatre_n in_o oxon_n 1674_o the_o history_n of_o lapland_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o original_a manner_n habit_n marriage_n conjuration_n etc._n etc._n of_o that_o people_n write_a by_o john_n scheffer_n professor_n of_o law_n and_o rhetoric_n at_o upsal_n in_o sweden_n at_o the_o theater_n in_o oxford_n m.dc.lxxiv_o and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o george_n west_n and_o amos_n curtain_n imprimatur_fw-la ra._n bathur_v vicecanc_a july_n 8._o 1674._o the_o preface_n the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o diligent_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o history_n to_o the_o write_n of_o which_o he_o be_v command_v and_o therein_o assist_v by_o the_o chancellor_n of_o sweden_n have_v in_o the_o whole_a 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o english_a rag_n from_o whence_o ol._n petr._n nieuren_n who_o write_v of_o lapland_n in_o guslavus_fw-la adolphus_n time_n derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o come_n into_o swedland_n every_o year_n with_o rag_n leap_v about_o they_o which_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o lapp_n in_o that_o language_n but_o they_o do_v not_o deserve_v that_o name_n mere_o for_o this_o reason_n any_o more_o than_o the_o finlander_n and_o other_o for_o they_o be_v general_o clothe_v in_o good_a woollen_a garment_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o grotius_n think_v they_o be_v call_v lap_n from_o run_v or_o leap_v but_o loepa_n which_o in_o the_o swedish_n language_n signify_v to_o run_v be_v write_v with_o a_o single_a p_o and_o the_o name_n of_o this_o country_n with_o a_o double_a one_o and_o these_o people_n natural_o be_v not_o great_a runner_n though_o by_o a_o be_v they_o have_v of_o slide_v over_o the_o freeze_a snow_n they_o be_v very_o swift_a in_o their_o motion_n some_o think_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o denominate_v the_o country_n but_o the_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n as_o in_o the_o name_n of_o norwegian_n and_o other_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v strengthen_v by_o this_o because_o ol._n magnus_n call_v they_o lappomanni_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o nordmanni_n westmanni_n and_o sudermanni_n in_o which_o word_n manni_n signify_v man_n they_o be_v call_v lappomanni_n i._n e._n man_n of_o lappia_n tornaeus_n lappia_n johann_n tornaeus_n other_o fancy_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n be_v derive_v from_o lappu_n which_o in_o the_o finnonick_a language_n be_v furthermost_o because_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o scandinavia_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n which_o may_v seem_v no_o less_o plausible_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a which_o agree_v as_o well_o with_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n lapp_n among_o the_o laplander_n themselves_o as_o the_o credit_n give_v to_o what_o have_v be_v matter_n of_o fact_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v call_v lappia_n not_o from_o its_o situation_n or_o other_o such_o like_a accident_n but_o from_o the_o lappi_n that_o inhabit_v it_o so_o that_o i_o take_v lappi_n to_o signify_v no_o other_o than_o banish_a person_n which_o be_v the_o genuine_a signification_n of_o lapp_n in_o the_o lapland_n language_n for_o the_o laplander_n be_v original_o finlander_n and_o from_o leave_v their_o country_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v take_v their_o name_n and_o that_o not_o of_o their_o own_o choose_n but_o the_o finlander_n lappon_n finlander_n ol._n petr._n nieuren_n plantin_n jun._n praef._n m_o s._n lexic_n lappon_n imposition_n with_o who_o to_o lapp_n signify_v to_o run_v away_o whence_o the_o compellation_n seem_v something_o scandalous_a no_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o this_o day_n will_v endure_v to_o be_v call_v by_o it_o though_o from_o the_o finlander_n other_o nation_n as_o the_o german_n swede_n and_o moscovite_n have_v learn_v
to_o call_v they_o so_o but_o they_o of_o lappia_n vmensis_n style_v themselves_o sabmienladti_n and_o those_o of_o lappia_n tornensis_n sameednan_n from_o the_o word_n sabmi_n or_o same_n the_o signification_n of_o which_o and_o whence_o they_o have_v it_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o at_o what_o time_n this_o country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v first_o distinguish_v by_o these_o name_n lappia_n and_o lappi_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o prove_v it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a for_o the_o word_n be_v not_o find_v in_o any_o ancient_a writer_n neither_o in_o tacitus_n who_o mention_n their_o neighbour_n and_o forefather_n the_o finlander_n nor_o in_o ptolemy_n solinus_n anton._n augustus_n rutilius_n or_o other_o neither_o in_o author_n near_a home_n not_o to_o name_n jornandes_n paul_n warnefrid_n etc._n etc._n nor_o in_o those_o who_o have_v write_v the_o action_n of_o heraud_n and_o bosa_n or_o goetricus_n and_o rolfus_n or_o king_n olafus_n in_o the_o islandick_n 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have_v sufficient_o discover_v saxo_n make_v it_o border_v upon_o jamtia_n extend_v its_o self_n as_o far_o or_o rather_o lie_v as_o it_o be_v between_o helsingia_n and_o finland_n when_o in_o these_o word_n he_o say_v the_o province_n of_o the_o helsingi_n jarnberi_n jemti_fw-la with_o both_o the_o lappia_n as_o likewise_o finnia_n and_o estia_n pay_v annual_a tribute_n to_o one_o domarus_n ericus_n vpsaliensis_fw-la seem_v to_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n mistake_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n so_o call_v on_o the_o one_o side_n adjoin_v to_o swedland_n on_o the_o other_o to_o russia_n give_v it_o a_o place_n between_o carelia_n and_o nylandia_n ol._n magn._n in_o his_o table_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n johan_n magnus_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o his_o history_n place_v it_o high_o than_o the_o western_a bothnia_n make_v neighbour_n to_o it_o scrikfinnia_n further_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o biarmia_n towards_o the_o east_n though_o some_o 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upon_o the_o ice_n with_o wooden_a shoe_n who_o country_n from_o thence_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scritofinnia_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v urge_v for_o biarmia_n against_o those_o that_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o be_v any_o such_o place_n for_o first_o the_o ancient_a writer_n make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o it_o as_o that_o author_n of_o the_o history_n thereof_o call_v it_o often_o biarmaland_n in_o the_o old_a gothick_n or_o islandick_n language_n who_o also_o call_v the_o king_n of_o it_o hereker_n in_o ch._n 7._o and_o his_o two_o son_n the_o one_o roerik_n the_o other_o siggeir_n saxon_a likewise_o in_o his_o 9_o book_n speak_v of_o a_o certain_a king_n of_o this_o place_n who_o reign_v in_o the_o time_n of_o regner_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n make_v it_o border_n upon_o finland_n when_o he_o say_v the_o king_n of_o biarmia_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o matullus_n who_o then_o reign_v in_o finland_n but_o now_o grant_v there_o be_v ancient_o such_o name_n as_o biarmia_n and_o scritfinnia_n it_o remain_v doubtful_a still_o whether_o they_o be_v distinct_a country_n or_o no._n all_o author_n except_o johan_n and_o ol._n magn._n seem_v to_o make_v they_o the_o same_o procop._n jornand_n paul_n warnfrid_n and_o adam_n bremensis_n speak_v of_o scritfinnia_n but_o none_o of_o biarmia_n and_o the_o northern_a writer_n do_v just_a contrary_n saxon_a indeed_o mention_n they_o both_o but_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n once_o in_o his_o preface_n he_o name_v scritfinnia_n leave_v out_o biarmia_n in_o other_o place_n he_o name_v biarmia_n omit_v the_o other_o from_o whence_o i_o be_o almost_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o country_n call_v by_o native_a writer_n biarmia_n by_o foreign_a scritfinnia_n we_o may_v add_v further_o that_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n make_v scritfinnia_n next_z to_o helsingia_n the_o author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o herand_n and_o bosa_n set_v biarmia_n in_o the_o same_o place_n speak_v of_o some_o wood_n in_o it_o and_z rivers_z that_o emty_n themselves_o into_o the_o sinus_n bothnicus_n or_o bay_n of_o ganduia_n next_o to_o helsingia_n and_o moreover_o as_o the_o scritfinni_n be_v a_o people_n of_o finland_n which_o not_o only_o their_o name_n but_o a_o old_a chorographick_a table_n commend_v by_o grotius_n do_v intimate_v distinguish_v the_o fenni_n into_o the_o scritfenni_n and_o redefenni_n so_o it_o be_v probable_a of_o the_o biarmians_n warnefrid_n biarmians_n paul_n warnefrid_n 44._o warnefrid_n ad._n erem_fw-la solin_n c._n 44._o as_o well_v for_o their_o neighbourhood_n to_o helsingia_n of_o which_o before_o as_o for_o their_o worship_v a_o god_n by_o the_o name_n of_o jomala_n which_o be_v a_o finland_n word_n denote_v god_n among_o they_o to_o this_o day_n moreover_o the_o biarmians_n have_v many_o other_o thing_n like_o the_o finlander_n as_o the_o art_n of_o dart_v of_o magic_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o biarmia_n may_v be_v a_o colony_n of_o finland_n who_o people_n be_v call_v by_o 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only_o by_o biarmia_n that_o which_o the_o swede_n now_o call_v trennes_n appear_v to_o be_v false_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o for_o where_o be_v any_o river_n in_o trennes_n that_o run_v into_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n and_o how_o be_v it_o border_v upon_o finland_n wherefore_o contrary_a to_o joh._n and_o ol._n magnus_n i_o think_v rather_o that_o lapland_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v first_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v biarmia_n by_o stranger_n scritfinnia_n then_o change_v the_o name_n for_o some_o of_o the_o reason_n here_o produce_v it_o come_v to_o be_v lappia_n or_o lapponia_n which_o begin_v from_o jamtia_n and_o angermannia_n go_v all_o about_o each_o bothnia_n and_o at_o length_n end_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o carelia_n and_o finland_n so_o as_o to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o whole_a tract_n from_o the_o north_n even_o to_o the_o main_a ocean_n the_o white_a sea_n and_o the_o lake_n ladek_n which_o be_v the_o very_a bound_n of_o old_a biarmia_n and_o scritfinnia_n but_o that_o it_o go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o ocean_n the_o ancient_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v so_o well_o understand_v nor_o indeed_o johan_n and_o ol._n magnus_n who_o in_o those_o part_n have_v make_v scritfinnia_n and_o biarmia_n different_a country_n from_o lapland_n so_o also_o damianus_n go_v who_o whatever_o he_o know_v of_o lapland_n have_v it_o from_o they_o say_v it_o extend_v itself_o to_o unknown_a region_n because_o he_o know_v not_o who_o live_v further_o towards_o the_o north_n sea_n but_o the_o ancient_n have_v place_v there_o beside_o the_o scritfinni_n the_o cynocephali_n busti_n troglodyte_n pigmy_n cyclops_n and_o some_o other_o pass_v by_o the_o himantopodes_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o though_o in_o this_o age_n none_o doubt_v but_o the_o laplander_n inhabit_v it_o all_o and_o those_o who_o have_v sail_v along_o those_o coast_n have_v meet_v with_o none_o other_o but_o laplander_n in_o fine_a charles_n the_o 9_o king_n of_o swedland_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o country_n send_v two_o famous_a mathematician_n m._n aron_n forsius_n a_o swedish_n professor_n and_o hicronymus_n birkholten_v a_o german_n with_o instrument_n and_o all_o necessary_n to_o make_v what_o discovery_n they_o can_v of_o lapland_n who_o at_o their_o return_n do_v certify_v and_o make_v it_o out_o that_o beyond_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 73_o degree_n there_o be_v no_o continent_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o the_o great_a freeze_a sea_n and_o that_o the_o far_a point_n be_v norcum_n or_o norcap_n not_o far_o from_o the_o castle_n of_o wardhouse_n but_o of_o this_o distant_a lapland_n those_o that_o be_v curious_a may_v inquire_v at_o their_o leisure_n we_o purpose_v to_o treat_v here_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o this_o be_v a_o vast_a country_n think_v by_o paulinus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o north_n of_o equal_a extent_n almost_o with_o all_o swedland_n proper_o so_o call_v andr._n buraeus_fw-la say_v it_o contain_v in_o length_n above_o 100_o german_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n 90._o all_o this_o country_n come_v now_o under_o the_o name_n of_o lapland_n in_o which_o all_o agree_v that_o ever_o describe_v it_o and_o if_o we_o will_v take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o climate_n of_o it_o by_o this_o vast_a compass_n of_o earth_n we_o must_v begin_v from_o the_o 64_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o so_o to_o the_o 71_o but_o in_o longitude_n it_o must_v extend_v at_o least_o to_o the_o 27_o meridian_n or_o more_o moreover_o if_o we_o will_v compute_v the_o longitude_n from_o journey_n that_o have_v be_v make_v thither_o all_o hitherto_o have_v unanimous_o put_v the_o beginning_n of_o it_o about_o the_o 38_o degree_n and_o the_o end_n in_o the_o 65_o and_o this_o may_v suffice_v partly_o for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o lapland_n in_o general_a and_o partly_o of_o that_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o swede_n dam._n a_o go_v a_o knight_n of_o portugal_n set_v its_o bound_n thus_o in_o his_o description_n of_o spain_n lapland_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a part_n the_o bothnick_a sea_n come_v between_o the_o extremity_n of_o it_o be_v tornia_n eastward_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o white_a lake_n towards_o the_o north_n comprehend_v diverse_a province_n and_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o all_o knowledge_n on_o the_o west_n towards_o island_n it_o join_v to_o part_v of_o norway_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o norway_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o swedland_n finland_n and_o both_o the_o bothnia_n but_o ol._n petr._n nieuren_n confute_v this_o of_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n lie_v between_o for_o so_o part_n of_o lapland_n will_v lie_v in_o finland_n or_o ostrobothnia_n part_n in_o westrobothnia_n which_o every_o one_o know_v be_v false_a and_o the_o very_a vulgar_a can_v
tell_v so_o much_o that_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n come_v not_o any_o where_n within_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n of_o lapland_n though_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o pass_v beyond_o damianus_n time_n since_o nieurenius_n himself_o confess_v in_o another_o place_n that_o the_o laplander_n have_v their_o feat_n about_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n but_o that_o afterward_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o i_o will_v only_o add_v here_o a_o table_n of_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o chief_a place_n as_o they_o be_v take_v by_o m._n aronis_fw-la forsius_n and_o hieronymus_n birckholten_n ann._n 1600._o  _fw-fr longit._n latit_fw-la uma_n 38_o 0._o 65_o 11._o pitha_n 40_o 0._o 66_o 14._o lula_n 40_o 30._o 66_o 30._o toerna_n 42_o 27._o 67_o 0._o kimi_n 42_o 20._o 67_o 1._o lappijaerf_n 42_o 33._o 70_o 9_o antoware_v 44_o 4._o 70_o 26._o tenokijle_n 46_o 0._o 70_o 50._o porsanger_n 44_o 2._o 71_o 42._o porsanger_n 43_o 35._o 71_o 35._o lingen_n 37_o 30._o 70_o 30._o traenees_n 32_o 30._o 70_o 25._o euvenes_n 33_o 35._o 70_o 0._o titisare_fw-la 37_o 55._o 69_o 40._o piala_n 41_o 40._o 60_o 15._o siguar_n 38_o 35._o 68_o 59_o tingwar_n 38_o 0._o 69_o 40._o rounula_n 39_o 30._o 69_o 47._o kontokrine_n 42_o 0._o 69_o 17._o waranger_n 45_o 0._o 71_o 35._o lanzoard_n 45_o 35._o 71_o 26._o hwalsund_n 42_o 40._o 71_o 12._o skrisae_n 38_o 50._o 71_o 18._o trumsae_fw-la 35_o 52._o 70_o 55._o andace_n 32_o 0._o 70_o 30._o serghen_n 32_o 20._o 69_o 3._o wardhus_o 52_o 0._o 71_o 55._o norkaap_n 45_o 30._o 72_o 30._o i_o proceed_v next_o to_o the_o disposition_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n have_v first_o give_v you_o a_o map_n of_o it_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n of_o lapland_n we_o have_v see_v how_o lapland_n be_v situate_a let_v we_o next_o proceed_v to_o other_o particularity_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v very_o near_a the_o pole_n appear_v from_o its_o latitude_n insomuch_o that_o for_o some_o month_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o sun_n here_o never_o set_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o winter_n it_o never_o rise_v which_o herbersten_a say_n be_v but_o forty_o day_n and_o though_o three_o hour_n in_o the_o night_n the_o body_n of_o it_o be_v something_o darken_v so_o that_o his_o ray_n appear_v not_o yet_o there_o be_v so_o much_o light_n that_o they_o continue_v their_o work_n all_o the_o while_n indeed_o the_o same_o account_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v of_o the_o whole_a country_n since_o part_v of_o it_o lie_v near_o and_o part_v further_a distant_a from_o the_o pole_n and_o of_o these_o too_o some_o part_n be_v more_o east_n and_o some_o more_o to_o the_o west_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o with_o some_o of_o they_o the_o sun_n be_v scarce_o above_o the_o horizon_n for_o so_o many_o day_n as_o he_o pretend_v and_o although_o in_o the_o summer_n it_o never_o set_v and_o go_v below_o the_o earth_n yet_o neither_o do_v it_o rise_v much_o above_o it_o but_o as_o 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all_o the_o country_n of_o which_o they_o make_v this_o advantage_n that_o they_o can_v travel_v the_o more_o secure_o in_o the_o night_n for_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n reflect_v from_o the_o snow_n enlighten_v all_o the_o field_n that_o they_o can_v discern_v and_o avoid_v any_o pit_n precipice_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o will_v otherwise_o annoy_v they_o so_o convenient_a be_v the_o way_n for_o any_o journey_n that_o two_o rein_v deer_n will_v draw_v a_o great_a load_n over_o the_o tread_a snow_n than_o a_o cart_n and_o ten_o horse_n can_v in_o the_o field_n at_o other_o time_n these_o snow_n in_o some_o place_n as_o on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o high_a hill_n remain_v perpetual_o and_o be_v never_o melt_v by_o the_o strong_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o lapland_n there_o be_v mountain_n rise_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a height_n that_o the_o snow_n continue_v upon_o they_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o be_v never_o dissolve_v but_o in_o other_o place_n the_o land_n be_v every_o year_n overflow_v with_o flood_n of_o melt_a snow_n they_o have_v also_o very_o great_a frost_n and_o mist_n and_o good_a store_n of_o they_o which_o sometime_o so_o thicken_v the_o air_n that_o the_o sight_n be_v quite_o obstruct_a and_o passenger_n can_v distinguish_v one_o man_n from_o another_o to_o salute_v or_o avoid_v he_o though_o he_o be_v come_v close_o up_o to_o they_o it_o be_v so_o extreme_a cold_n here_o in_o the_o winter_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v but_o by_o those_o who_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o it_o the_o swift_a river_n be_v sometime_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v more_o than_o three_o or_o four_o cubit_n thick_a and_o their_o great_a lake_n and_o deep_a sea_n bear_v any_o burden_n whatever_o nor_o be_v the_o summer_n which_o to_o some_o may_v seem_v incredible_a more_o moderate_o hot_a for_o though_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o low_a and_o his_o ray_n oblique_a yet_o lie_v upon_o they_o so_o long_o 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observe_v it_o as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n and_o which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v believe_v from_o any_o one_o have_v he_o not_o see_v it_o himself_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1616_o june_n 24_o go_v to_o the_o church_n of_o thor_n he_o see_v the_o tree_n bud_v and_o the_o grass_n come_v up_o green_a out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o within_o a_o fortnight_n after_o he_o see_v the_o plant_n full_o blow_v and_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o tree_n at_o their_o perfection_n as_o if_o they_o have_v know_v how_o short_a the_o summer_n be_v to_o be_v and_o therefore_o make_v such_o haste_n to_o enjoy_v it_o their_o soil_n be_v general_o neither_o very_o fertile_a nor_o barren_a but_o between_o both_o full_a of_o flint_n stone_n and_o rock_n every_o where_o appear_v high_a by_o who_o unevenness_n and_o roughness_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o ground_n about_o be_v useless_a the_o ground_n be_v general_o very_o soft_a and_o slabby_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o lake_n and_o river_n overslow_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v sit_v either_o for_o tillage_n or_o pasture_n if_o any_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n and_o charge_n of_o drain_n it_o ol._n petrus_n say_v of_o the_o southern_a part_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o bothnia_n that_o it_o be_v as_o apt_a to_o bear_v any_o grain_n as_o the_o western_a bothnia_n itself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o without_o a_o concurrence_n and_o aptitude_n likewise_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o himself_o confess_v in_o chap._n 12_o that_o the_o land_n be_v stony_a sandy_a uneven_a overrun_v in_o some_o place_n with_o brier_n and_o thorn_n and_o in_o other_o nothing_o but_o hill_n moor_n fen_n and_o stand_a water_n which_o be_v not_o the_o quality_n that_o usual_o commend_v land_n for_o agriculture_n then_o as_o to_o his_o urge_v its_o verdant_a and_o rich_a pasture_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o all_o land_n which_o yield_v much_o grass_n shall_v be_v equal_o capable_a of_o bear_v good_a corn_n yet_o do_v the_o land_n afford_v plenty_n of_o grass_n and_o that_o so_o good_a that_o their_o cattle_n be_v fatten_v much_o cheap_a and_o soon_o with_o it_o than_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o also_o divers_a herb_n but_o particular_o it_o be_v happy_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o potherb_n there_o be_v many_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n especial_o towards_o norway_n but_o not_o very_o thick_a likewise_o steep_a rock_n and_o high_a mountain_n call_v doffrini_fw-la upon_o who_o naked_a top_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v never_o yet_o grow_v tree_n below_o these_o hill_n lie_v most_o pleasant_a valley_n in_o which_o be_v clear_a fountain_n and_o rivulet_n innumerable_a which_o emty_v themselves_o into_o the_o river_n at_o length_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n their_o water_n be_v clear_a sweet_a and_o wholesome_a only_o their_o forest_n abound_v with_o stink_a and_o stand_v pool_n this_o country_n winter_n and_o summer_n have_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n especial_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o suffice_v not_o only_o for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o to_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o their_o neighbour_n they_o have_v bird_n also_o of_o all_o sort_n very_o many_o but_o fish_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o native_n be_v entire_o feed_v by_o they_o but_o of_o all_o these_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n i_o will_v add_v no_o more_o here_o but_o this_o that_o the_o description_n of_o old_a finland_n or_o scritofinnia_n by_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o same_o which_o have_v be_v give_v here_o of_o lapland_n to_o confirm_v what_o i_o say_v before_o that_o these_o country_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o not_o in_o nature_n and_o situation_n we_o come_v now_o to_o its_o division_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o division_n of_o lapland_n those_o who_o have_v write_v of_o lapland_n mention_n disserent_fw-la division_n of_o it_o saxo_n in_o his_o 5_o book_n and_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o two_o lapland_n and_o after_o he_o johannes_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o both_o the_o lapland_n be_v join_v together_o southward_o i_o suppose_v in_o that_o division_n they_o have_v respect_n to_o their_o situation_n and_o mean_v the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a lapland_n for_o so_o damianus_n go_v who_o seem_v to_o borrow_v from_o joh._n magnus_n express_v it_o lapland_n say_v he_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o bothnic_a sea_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o bothnia_n be_v call_v the_o eastern_a lapland_n and_o that_o which_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o the_o western_a beside_o this_o division_n of_o lapland_n there_o be_v another_o take_v from_o the_o place_n most_o frequent_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o one_o part_n thereof_o lie_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v from_o thence_o call_v sioefindmarken_v that_o be_v the_o maritime_a lapland_n the_o other_o lie_v high_o on_o the_o continent_n fioeldmarken_v that_o be_v inland_n lapland_n though_o by_o some_o they_o be_v call_v simple_o findmarken_v and_o lappmarken_v this_o last_o division_n pet._n claud_n give_v we_o in_o his_o 27_o chapter_n all_o the_o sea_n coast_n say_v he_o northward_o and_o eastward_o as_o far_o as_o findmarkia_n reach_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o siaefinni_n or_o maritime_a finlander_n but_o the_o mountainous_a and_o champaign_n country_n by_o the_o lapfinni_n from_o thence_o name_v lapmarkia_n or_o wildfindlandia_n that_o be_v wild_a or_o savage_a findland_n where_o he_o call_v one_o part_n of_o the_o country_n lapmarckia_n the_o other_o findmarckia_fw-la the_o one_o lie_v along_o the_o shore_n and_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o mountainous_a woody_a and_o savage_a upon_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la and_o this_o too_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o wildfinland_n with_o he_o be_v that_o which_o other_o call_v lappmarkia_n i_o suppose_v because_o the_o native_n live_v by_o hunt_v as_o those_o of_o the_o other_o do_v by_o fish_v for_o he_o present_o add_v there_o be_v many_o thousand_o in_o that_o place_n that_o feed_v on_o nothing_o but_o the_o flesh_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o indeed_o some_o there_o be_v with_o who_o those_o only_a pass_n for_o the_o true_a laplander_n as_o samuel_n rheen_n who_o in_o his_o 2_o chapter_n of_o his_o forementioned_a book_n tell_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o scrickfinni_n so_o he_o call_v they_o that_o with_o pet._n claud._n be_v sioefinne_n there_o be_v other_o true_a laplander_n that_o live_v on_o nothing_o but_o rain_n deer_n and_o so_o from_o the_o native_n feed_v on_o wild_a beast_n lapland_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v also_o style_v wildfindland_n in_o opposition_n to_o findmarkia_n who_o inhabitant_n live_v both_o on_o fish_n and_o cattle_n and_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v give_v another_o reason_n for_o the_o imposition_n of_o this_o name_n from_o the_o many_o wood_n of_o that_o country_n olaus_n magnus_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o call_v the_o native_n man_n that_o dwell_v in_o wood_n or_o savage_n as_o in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o 3_o chapt._n of_o his_o 4_o book_n which_o be_v concern_v the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o savage_n or_o those_o that_o dwell_v in_o wood_n in_o which_o chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o laplander_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o wild_a laplander_n be_v clothe_v with_o rich_a skin_n of_o several_a beast_n the_o baron_n herberstenius_fw-la also_o in_o his_o history_n of_o moscovy_n call_v they_o savage_a laplander_n who_o though_o they_o dwell_v say_v he_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n in_o little_a cottage_n and_o lead_v a_o brutish_a kind_n of_o life_n be_v yet_o more_o civilise_a then_o the_o savage_n of_o lapland_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o findlander_n live_v near_o the_o sea_n he_o mean_v those_o that_o other_o call_v sioefinne_n and_o by_o the_o savage_a laplander_n those_o that_o possess_v the_o inland_n country_n who_o he_o think_v be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o wildness_n and_o barbarity_n and_o by_o and_o by_o he_o add_v that_o by_o converse_n with_o stranger_n who_o come_v thither_o to_o trade_n they_o begin_v to_o lay_v aside_o their_o savage_a nature_n and_o become_v a_o little_a more_o civilise_a afterward_o he_o call_v they_o diki_n loppi_n which_o name_n the_o moscovite_n give_v they_o at_o this_o time_n as_o have_v be_v show_v elsewhere_o there_o be_v also_o a_o 3_o division_n of_o lapland_n that_o respect_v the_o several_a prince_n to_o who_o the_o country_n be_v in_o subjection_n and_o this_o andr._n buraeus_fw-la intend_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o great_a part_n of_o lapland_n viz._n the_o southern_a and_o inland_n
country_n belong_v all_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n the_o maritime_a tract_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o ocean_n and_o be_v call_v findmark_n who_o inhabitant_n the_o sioefinni_n or_o maritime_a findlander_n be_v so_o name_v from_o their_o live_n by_o fish_v to_o norway_n the_o rest_n of_o they_o that_o dwell_v from_o the_o castle_n of_o warhuus_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o russian_n which_o part_n the_o swede_n call_v trennes_n the_o native_n pyhinienni_n and_o the_o russian_n tarchana_n voloch_fw-fr of_o their_o subjection_n to_o these_o several_a prince_n we_o shall_v speak_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o their_o government_n and_o also_o of_o those_o part_n that_o belong_v to_o norway_n or_o denmark_n and_o russia_n at_o present_a we_o shall_v only_o mention_v the_o division_n of_o that_o part_n which_o be_v under_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v name_v by_o buraeus_fw-la the_o southern_a and_o inland_n lapland_n and_o by_o petr._n claud._n lappmarkia_n proper_o so_o call_v this_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o lesser_a part_n call_v marker_n or_o land_n though_o buraeus_fw-la choose_v to_o render_v they_o territory_n or_o province_n each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o distinct_a name_n and_o be_v call_v aongermandlandslapmark_n vmalappmark_n pithalappmark_n lulalapmark_n tornalapmark_n kiemilapmark_n so_o samuel_n rheen_n in_o his_o first_o chapter_n that_o part_n of_o lapland_n which_o belong_v to_o sweden_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o kiemensian_a tornensian_a lulensian_a pithensian_a umensian_a and_o angermanlandensian_a lapmark_n buraeus_fw-la mention_n but_o five_o of_o these_o province_n viz._n vmalappmark_n pithalappmark_n lulalapmark_n tornelapmark_n and_o kimilapmark_n comprehend_v angermandlandslapmark_n under_o vmalapmark_n not_o that_o they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o province_n but_o because_o they_o be_v both_o govern_v by_o one_o lieutenant_n each_o of_o these_o province_n take_v their_o name_n from_o river_n that_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o as_o wexionius_n in_o his_o description_n of_o swedland_n assure_v we_o as_o for_o their_o situation_n angermanlandslapmark_n border_n upon_o andermannia_n and_o jemtia_n to_o this_o join_v vmalapmark_n next_o to_o that_o be_v pithalapmark_n and_o then_o lulelapmark_n all_o of_o they_o lie_v westward_o reach_v on_o one_o side_n to_o that_o ridg_z of_o hill_n that_o divide_v swedland_n from_o norway_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o western_a bothnia_n northward_o of_o they_o lie_v tornelapmark_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o fartheh_a corner_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n all_o along_o the_o north_n sea_n call_v by_o seaman_n cape_n noort_n next_o to_o this_o lie_v kimilapmark_n wind_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o bound_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n on_o another_o side_n by_o that_o part_n of_o lapland_n that_o belong_v to_o russia_n and_o on_o a_o three_o side_n by_o cajania_n and_o carelia_n moreover_o these_o province_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o be_v subdivide_v into_o lesser_a part_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n byar_n as_o samuel_n rheen_n tell_v we_o and_o be_v equivavalent_a to_o our_o shire_n and_o the_o pagi_n of_o the_o ancient_n so_o in_o caesar_n we_o meet_v with_o pagus_n tigurinus_n and_o pagi_n suevorum_n which_o be_v not_o village_n or_o country_n town_n but_o large_a part_n of_o a_o country_n such_o as_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v in_o ancient_a time_n in_o the_o division_n of_o egypt_n hence_o the_o glossary_a render_v the_o ancient_a toparchiae_n pagus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o pagi_n or_o shire_n in_o each_o province_n except_o angermanlandslapmark_n which_o make_v but_o one_o pagus_n vulgar_o call_v aosahla_n vmalapmark_n have_v four_o vma_n lais_n or_o raanby_n granby_n and_o vapsteen_n pithalapmark_n seven_o graotreskby_n arfwejerfsby_n lochteby_n arrieplogsby_n wisierfby_n norrvesterby_n westerby_n lulalapmark_n five_o jochmoch_n sochjoch_n torpinjaur_n zerkislocht_v and_o rautomjaur_n tornelapmark_n eight_o tingawaara_n siggewaara_fw-mi sondewara_fw-mi ronolaby_o pellejerf_n kiedkajerf_n manstalka_n saodankyla_n kithilaby_n so_o that_o all_o the_o territory_n or_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o 33_o byars_n in_o each_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a clan_n or_o family_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v raekar_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a allotment_n of_o ground_n assign_v they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o cattle_n not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o country_n farm_n with_o we_o but_o of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n and_o breadth_n so_o as_o to_o include_v river_n lake_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a which_o all_o belong_v to_o one_o clan_n or_o family_n in_o every_o biar_n there_o be_v as_o many_o allotment_n as_o there_o be_v family_n that_o can_v live_v of_o themselves_o and_o be_v not_o force_v by_o poverty_n to_o serve_v other_o in_o the_o byar_n call_v aosahla_n there_o be_v about_o 30_o of_o these_o clan_n or_o family_n in_o other_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v in_o bigness_n which_o all_o have_v their_o several_a name_n though_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o repeat_v they_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v of_o the_o three_o division_n of_o lapland_n not_o late_o make_v except_o that_o under_o charles_n ix_o some_o clan_n have_v certain_a allotment_n assign_v they_o but_o derive_v from_o very_o ancient_a time_n as_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o neither_o the_o laplander_n have_v know_v nor_o the_o swede_n give_v they_o any_o other_o since_o the_o country_n have_v be_v under_o their_o subjection_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n modern_a or_o take_v from_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v give_v any_o cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o novelty_n which_o i_o the_o rather_o observe_v that_o from_o hence_o the_o native_a simplicity_n agreeable_a to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o nation_n may_v appear_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o laplander_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o inclination_n temper_n and_o habit_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o body_n it_o be_v almost_o peculiar_a to_o this_o people_n to_o be_v all_o of_o they_o of_o low_a stature_n which_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o general_a suffrage_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o have_v describe_v this_o country_n hence_o the_o learned_a isaac_n vossius_fw-la observe_v that_o pigmy_n be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v here_o and_o add_v that_o they_o be_v a_o deform_a people_n but_o in_o truth_n their_o feature_n and_o proportion_n be_v good_a enough_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o distort_v sufficient_o appear_v from_o their_o great_a agility_n of_o body_n and_o fitness_n for_o active_a employment_n nor_o need_v we_o dispute_v of_o this_o since_o in_o sweden_n we_o see_v they_o every_o day_n among_o we_o and_o can_v observe_v no_o defect_n in_o any_o kind_n or_o deformity_n by_o lomenius_fw-la unjust_o ascribe_v to_o they_o ol._n mag._n and_o tornaeus_n esteem_v their_o young_a woman_n indifferent_o handsome_a and_o of_o a_o clear_a skin_n which_o i_o have_v often_o see_v myself_o for_o they_o take_v great_a care_n to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a beauty_n which_o the_o man_n neglect_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v less_o amiable_a than_o the_o other_o sex_n it_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o choice_n not_o nature_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o length_n of_o their_o frost_n and_o the_o bitterness_n of_o the_o air_n against_o which_o they_o neither_o arm_v themselves_o sufficient_o with_o clothes_n nor_o know_v how_o to_o do_v so_o beside_o the_o smoke_n which_o continual_o fill_v their_o cottage_n empair_v very_o much_o their_o natural_a complexion_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o most_o of_o the_o man_n also_o be_v so_o swart_a and_o as_o they_o be_v general_o short_a they_o be_v also_o very_o lean_a and_o it_o be_v rare_a to_o see_v a_o fat_a man_n among_o they_o for_o the_o cold_a that_o prevent_v their_o grow_a tall_a dry_v up_o likewise_o their_o moisture_n and_o make_v they_o apt_a to_o be_v slender_a they_o be_v also_o very_a light_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n and_o stature_n which_o come_v from_o their_o not_o eat_v any_o salt_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v ol._n petr._n and_o thus_o much_o may_v be_v say_v in_o general_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o condition_n of_o their_o body_n as_o for_o their_o particular_a part_n they_o have_v thick_a head_n prominent_a forehead_n hollow_a and_o blear_a eye_n short_a flat_a nose_n and_o wide_a mouth_n their_o hair_n be_v thin_a short_a and_o flaggy_a their_o beard_n straggle_v and_o scarce_o cover_v their_o chin_n the_o hair_n of_o both_o sex_n be_v general_o black_a and_o hard_a very_o seldom_o yellow_a their_o breast_n broad_a slender_a waste_n spindle_n shank_n and_o swift_a of_o foot_n they_o be_v very_o strong_a in_o their_o limb_n so_o that_o in_o a_o bow_n which_o a_o norwegian_a can_v scarce_o half_a bend_n they_o will_v draw_v a_o arrow_n
up_o to_o the_o head_n their_o strength_n be_v accompany_v with_o such_o activity_n withal_o that_o with_o their_o bow_n and_o quiver_n at_o their_o back_n they_o will_v throw_v themselves_o through_o a_o hoop_n of_o but_o a_o cubit_n in_o diameter_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v speak_v only_o of_o some_o tumbler_n for_o the_o people_n be_v general_o ignorant_a of_o such_o sport_n their_o usual_a exercise_n be_v run_v raze_n climb_v inaccessible_a rock_n and_o high_a tree_n though_o they_o be_v thus_o nimble_a and_o strong_a yet_o they_o never_o go_v upright_o but_o stoop_v which_o habit_n they_o get_v by_o frequent_a sit_v in_o their_o cottage_n on_o the_o ground_n we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o habit_n of_o their_o mind_n in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o observable_a that_o they_o be_v much_o give_v to_o superstition_n which_o be_v no_o wonder_n while_o they_o live_v in_o wood_n among_o wild_a beast_n and_o maintain_v little_a correspondence_n one_o with_o another_o but_o of_o their_o superstition_n we_o shall_v treat_v elsewhere_o furthermore_o they_o be_v beyond_o all_o imagination_n fearful_a and_o mean_a spirit_v be_v fright_v at_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o a_o strange_a man_n or_o ship_n above_o all_o thing_n dread_v war_n the_o reason_n of_o all_o this_o be_v the_o cold_a to_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v and_o the_o meanness_n of_o their_o diet_n which_o can_v supply_v good_a blood_n and_o spirit_n wherefore_o they_o be_v useless_a in_o war_n and_o the_o swede_n who_o raise_v man_n in_o all_o the_o other_o province_n find_v none_o in_o this_o as_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a record_n and_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o soldier_n that_o ever_o be_v list_v by_o former_a king_n so_o that_o it_o be_v fictitious_a and_o rather_o a_o abuse_n than_o history_n which_o some_o have_v report_v that_o gust_n adolphus_n have_v several_a company_n of_o laplander_n in_o his_o army_n but_o they_o be_v force_v to_o find_v out_o some_o excuse_n for_o those_o many_o defeat_v which_o to_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n that_o most_o victorious_a prince_n give_v his_o powerful_a and_o numerous_a enemy_n and_o pretend_v that_o those_o victory_n be_v obtain_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o laplander_n and_o magic_a wherefore_o i_o conclude_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v absurd_a and_o contradictory_n not_o only_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o public_a testimony_n and_o writing_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o fall_v into_o disease_n and_o die_v be_v no_o more_o able_a to_o endure_v a_o mild_a air_n or_o feed_v upon_o salt_n bread_n and_o boil_a meat_n than_o we_o can_v upon_o their_o raw_a flesh_n and_o fish_n dry_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o it_o have_v be_v often_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o be_v hardly_o temt_v by_o any_o reward_n to_o come_v even_o into_o these_o part_n or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o die_v sudden_o afterward_o much_o less_o will_v they_o be_v induce_v to_o march_v into_o any_o more_o remote_a country_n olaus_n magnus_n give_v we_o a_o instance_n of_o six_o rain-deers_a send_v to_o frederick_n duke_n of_o holsatia_n by_o steno_n stir_v junior_a prince_n of_o swedland_n with_o two_o laplander_n a_o man_n and_o woman_n to_o be_v their_o keeper_n and_o that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o beast_n want_v their_o accustom_a manner_n of_o live_v die_v all_o together_o in_o a_o short_a time_n ziegler_n indeed_o on_o the_o other_o side_n say_v they_o be_v a_o valiant_a people_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o long_a time_n free_a resist_v the_o arm_n both_o of_o norway_n and_o swedland_n and_o scaliger_n after_o he_o say_v that_o against_o their_o enemy_n they_o be_v courageous_a and_o petr._n claud._n report_v they_o have_v a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o call_v motle_n and_o that_o haraldus_n pulcricomus_n though_o he_o have_v conquer_v the_o country_n round_o about_o can_v not_o subdue_v they_o but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o evince_v their_o courage_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v say_v of_o this_o prince_n motle_n be_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v all_o take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o snorro_n which_o speak_v of_o motle_n and_o something_o of_o his_o skill_n in_o magic_n have_v not_o a_o word_n of_o he_o or_o his_o people_n courage_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o ziegler_n can_v have_v no_o ground_n for_o what_o he_o say_v unless_o from_o such_o history_n as_o that_o of_o snorro_n which_o therefore_o only_o seem_v true_a because_o there_o be_v none_o extant_a more_o likely_a for_o in_o his_o time_n the_o laplander_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o swede_n unless_o we_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o he_o take_v the_o laplander_n and_o the_o biarmians_n to_o be_v the_o same_o ascribe_v to_o the_o one_o people_n what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o there_o be_v indeed_o mention_v in_o saxon_a of_o several_a war_n of_o the_o biarmians_n but_o those_o not_o manage_v by_o courage_n but_o magic_a and_o enchantment_n so_o that_o it_o no_o way_n follow_v that_o because_o they_o continue_v for_o many_o age_n a_o free_a people_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v valiant_a but_o whatever_o become_v of_o the_o biarmians_n it_o be_v sure_a enough_o that_o the_o laplander_n be_v far_o from_o be_v stout_a or_o warlike_a who_o must_v first_o fight_v against_o their_o nature_n before_o they_o can_v resist_v a_o enemy_n beside_o their_o innate_a cowardice_n they_o be_v strange_o prone_a to_o suspicion_n and_o jealousy_n be_v conscious_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n and_o so_o expose_v to_o all_o attemt_n upon_o they_o a_o consequent_a whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v also_o revengeful_a endeavour_v to_o prevent_v those_o mischief_n which_o upon_o the_o slight_a occasion_n seem_v to_o threaten_v they_o by_o the_o death_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o person_n that_o cause_v their_o suspicion_n help_v themselves_o herein_o by_o conjuration_n and_o magic_n of_o this_o pet._n claud._n give_v we_o a_o memorable_a instance_n in_o one_o that_o have_v attemt_v to_o mischief_n his_o enemy_n who_o be_v secure_v by_o countercharm_n after_o long_a attendance_n surprise_v he_o asleep_o under_o a_o great_a stone_n which_o by_o a_o spell_n he_o make_v break_v to_o piece_n and_o kill_v he_o the_o woman_n especial_o when_o grow_v old_a can_v brook_v any_o sudden_a provocation_n but_o upon_o the_o least_o indignity_n offer_v fly_v out_o into_o passion_n and_o be_v hurry_v to_o the_o most_o wild_a transport_v that_o madness_n can_v dictate_v the_o laplander_n beside_o be_v very_o notorious_a cheat_n and_o industrious_a to_o overreach_v each_o other_o in_o bargain_v though_o heretofore_o they_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o plain_a deal_n and_o honesty_n so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o take_v up_o their_o present_a practice_n have_v be_v first_o cheat_v by_o those_o stranger_n with_o who_o they_o deal_v and_o now_o think_v it_o best_o to_o be_v before_o hand_n with_o one_o another_o it_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o they_o take_v great_a pleasure_n if_o they_o happen_v to_o outwit_n any_o one_o imagine_v that_o though_o they_o be_v hopeless_a to_o overcome_v by_o manhood_n and_o courage_n they_o have_v a_o noble_a triumph_n over_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o who_o they_o circumvent_v they_o be_v also_o note_v to_o be_v of_o a_o censorious_a and_o detract_n humour_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o a_o chief_a ingredient_n of_o their_o familiar_a converse_n to_o reproach_n and_o despise_v other_o and_o this_o they_o do_v especial_o to_o stranger_n of_o what_o country_n soever_o so_o fond_a admirer_n be_v all_o man_n of_o themselves_o that_o even_o the_o laplander_n will_v not_o exchange_v their_o interest_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o most_o happy_a climate_n and_o however_o barbarous_a they_o be_v doubt_v not_o to_o prefer_v themselves_o in_o point_n of_o wisdom_n to_o those_o that_o be_v most_o ingenuous_o educate_v in_o art_n and_o letter_n they_o be_v likewise_o exceed_o covetous_a it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o their_o cowardice_n to_o dread_a poverty_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o lazy_a withal_o and_o hereupon_o olaus_n peter_n observe_v that_o though_o their_o country_n in_o several_a part_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o improvement_n by_o husbandry_n yet_o it_o be_v suffer_v to_o lie_v waist_n nay_o so_o unwilling_a be_v they_o to_o take_v pain_n that_o till_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o necessity_n they_o hardly_o persuade_v themselves_o to_o hunt_v or_o fish_n from_o this_o their_o covetousness_n and_o sloth_n arise_v a_o ill_a consequent_a their_o undutifulness_n to_o their_o parent_n when_o grow_v old_a not_o only_o to_o contemn_v and_o neglect_v but_o even_o hate_v and_o abhor_v they_o think_v it_o either_o long_a before_o they_o possess_v what_o they_o have_v or_o think_v it_o grievous_a to_o provide_v for_o those_o
mathias_n it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v postnate_a to_o christianity_n since_o which_o time_n if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v the_o laplander_n first_o to_o have_v come_v into_o these_o part_n we_o must_v also_o suppose_v the_o country_n to_o have_v be_v till_o then_o uninhabited_a whereas_o we_o have_v all_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o biarmi_n and_o scridfinni_n live_v here_o before_o christ_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o seem_v by_o their_o name_n to_o have_v be_v only_o a_o colony_n send_v out_o of_o finland_n and_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o finlanders_n in_o these_o part_n in_o the_o time_n of_o harald_n the_o fair_a or_o harfager_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o his_o son_n ericus_n bodsexe_n who_o live_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o christianity_n and_o go_v down_o into_o finmark_n and_o biarmia_n and_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o they_o now_o if_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n northwards_o of_o norway_n to_o come_v to_o finmark_n finmark_n then_o must_v have_v be_v near_o 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out_o into_o lapland_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o several_a name_n of_o their_o leader_n who_o some_o call_v thinns-kogre_a other_o mieschogiesche_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a be_v that_o from_o whence_o the_o biarmi_n take_v their_o original_n who_o i_o conclude_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o finlander_n from_o call_v their_o god_n by_o finlandish_a name_n beside_o in_o their_o nature_n and_o manner_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o ancient_a finlander_n and_o last_o be_v call_v by_o all_o stranger_n scridfinni_n i._n e._n finlanders_n go_v upon_o freeze_a snow_n which_o the_o ancient_a know_v none_o else_o to_o go_v so_o take_v to_o be_v the_o biarmi_fw-fr but_o the_o name_n of_o biarmi_n be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o finlander_n from_o their_o go_v to_o dwell_v upon_o the_o mountain_n from_o the_o word_n varama_n which_o signify_v a_o hilly_a country_n now_o because_o stranger_n know_v from_o the_o swede_n they_o use_v wooden_a shoe_n to_o go_v upon_o the_o snow_n which_o by_o the_o swede_n be_v call_v att_n skrlida_n not_o know_v the_o name_n biarmi_fw-fr they_o call_v they_o scridfinni_n and_o because_o the_o finlander_n and_o biarmians_n be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n they_o be_v often_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o prince_n as_o to_z cuso_fw-la in_o king_n holter_n time_n what_o the_o occasion_n be_v of_o this_o leave_v their_o country_n be_v yet_o doubtful_a except_o it_o be_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n agnus_n invade_v frost_n king_n of_o finland_n and_o harass_v the_o whole_a country_n the_o second_o time_n of_o desert_v their_o country_n be_v when_o the_o russian_n enlarge_v their_o empire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o lake_n ladog_n for_o fear_v the_o cruelty_n of_o these_o people_n they_o retire_v into_o lapland_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o the_o russian_n call_v they_o kienni_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o from_o their_o passage_n through_o kajania_n into_o lapland_n which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v know_v but_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o their_o war_n with_o they_o especial_o those_o of_o carelia_n and_o cajania_n be_v so_o ignorant_a both_o in_o history_n and_o other_o country_n that_o they_o scarce_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o own_o that_o be_v of_o any_o antiquity_n and_o this_o prove_v what_o we_o say_v of_o their_o second_o leave_v their_o country_n which_o be_v about_o the_o 6_o age_n after_o christ_n and_o these_o perhaps_o be_v they_o which_o be_v simple_o call_v finni_n by_o the_o dane_n swede_n and_o norwegian_n or_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o siae_fw-la or_o field_n obsolete_a word_n of_o the_o biarmians_n because_o they_o be_v more_o than_o they_o in_o number_n especial_o after_o harald_n harfiger_n king_n of_o norway_n who_o almost_o destroy_v all_o the_o biarmi_fw-fr in_o battle_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o finlander_n lay_v secure_a in_o finmark_n and_o all_o the_o biarmi_fw-fr be_v extinct_a the_o name_n of_o finni_n obtain_v and_o the_o name_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o biarmi_n be_v quite_o abolish_v and_o forget_v and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o time_n they_o leave_v their_o country_n before_o they_o be_v call_v lappi_n for_o till_o after_o this_o they_o be_v never_o call_v otherwise_o than_o finni_n scritofinni_n and_o biarmi_n but_o in_o after_o age_n we_o find_v they_o name_v lappone_n of_o who_o adam_n bremensis_n make_v no_o mention_n who_o live_v in_o 1077_o but_o saxo_n do_v that_o live_v in_o 1200_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n after_o they_o be_v call_v lappone_n they_o make_v their_o three_o migration_n but_o any_o one_o that_o will_v examine_v the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n will_v scarce_o find_v any_o thing_n that_o shall_v move_v the_o finlander_n to_o leave_v their_o country_n as_o ericus_n sanctus_n have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o that_o expedition_n in_o which_o he_o bring_v they_o under_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o plant_v among_o they_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o make_v in_o the_o year_n 1150_o when_o no_o small_a number_n of_o they_o the_o three_o time_n seem_v to_o have_v desert_v their_o country_n and_o go_v into_o lapland_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a have_v be_v subject_v to_o stranger_n and_o force_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o thereupon_o be_v hateful_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n some_o of_o they_o seek_v out_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v live_v free_a which_o be_v as_o good_a a_o reason_n too_o why_o they_o be_v call_v lap_n by_o those_o that_o stay_v for_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n look_v upon_o they_o as_o desertor_n of_o their_o country_n who_o fear_n only_o of_o a_o good_a government_n and_o better_a religion_n have_v make_v exile_n especial_o when_o the_o king_n have_v put_v forth_o a_o edict_n that_o all_o shall_v be_v account_v banish_v that_o will_v not_o renounce_v pagan_a superstition_n therefore_o they_o be_v just_o call_v lappi_n and_o care_v not_o to_o hear_v of_o the_o name_n to_o this_o day_n and_o this_o be_v my_o opinion_n of_o their_o original_n and_o migration_n out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v persuade_v by_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o believe_v they_o rather_o come_v from_o the_o tartar_n for_o we_o never_o read_v of_o any_o of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o north_n moreover_o the_o tartar_n live_v altogether_o by_o war_n and_o plunder_v whereas_o the_o laplander_n live_v by_o hunt_v and_o graze_v abhor_v nothing_o more_o than_o war_n beside_o the_o chief_n delight_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v in_o have_v many_o stately_a horse_n of_o which_o the_o lap_n be_v so_o ignorant_a that_o in_o their_o whole_a language_n they_o have_v not_o a_o word_n to_o signify_v a_o horse_n the_o language_n also_o of_o the_o two_o nation_n be_v so_o different_a that_o one_o can_v possible_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o and_o although_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o pretend_v they_o understand_v both_o language_n of_o finland_n and_o lapland_n confident_o aver_v that_o they_o be_v altogether_o diverse_a yet_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o produce_v diverse_a man_n as_o well_o skilled_a in_o they_o as_o they_o that_o say_v the_o contrary_n beside_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n because_o there_o be_v a_o few_o difference_n between_o the_o finland_n and_o lapland_n language_n that_o they_o be_v therefore_o utter_o diverse_a when_o this_o disagree_v may_v rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o length_n of_o time_n than_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o tongue_n at_o first_o as_o we_o find_v now_o many_o swedish_n word_n that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o agree_v with_o those_o now_o in_o vogue_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o constitute_v a_o new_a language_n and_o their_o say_v the_o laplander_n can_v
not_o come_v from_o the_o finlander_n because_o they_o always_o hate_v one_o another_o be_v of_o little_a force_n when_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o hatred_n be_v enough_o explain_v already_o but_o it_o signify_v less_o that_o the_o finlander_n have_v several_a custom_n and_o manner_n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o laplander_n as_o the_o way_n of_o build_v house_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o be_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o come_v and_o to_o forget_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o they_o and_o moreover_o there_o remain_v still_o a_o memorial_n of_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o finland_n where_o they_o first_o sit_v down_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o tavastia_n near_o a_o lake_n which_o they_o call_v lappiakairo_n that_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o the_o laplander_n who_o when_o their_o necessary_a food_n grow_v scarce_o go_v further_o up_o into_o the_o desert_n and_o the_o finlander_n pursue_v they_o in_o tavastia_n they_o retreat_v to_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n where_o they_o may_v be_v more_o safe_a and_o have_v more_o convenience_n for_o live_v and_o this_o be_v that_o migration_n yet_o in_o memory_n which_o plantin_n speak_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o laplander_n live_v here_o for_o a_o age_n or_o more_o till_o the_o time_n of_o king_n magn._n ladulaos_n an._n 1272_o who_o to_o get_v they_o under_o his_o subjection_n promise_v any_o one_o that_o can_v effect_v it_o the_o government_n of_o they_o which_o the_o birkarli_n i._n e._n those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o allotment_n or_o division_n of_o birkala_n undertake_v and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a while_n cunning_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o they_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n at_o last_o set_v upon_o they_o unaware_o and_o quite_o subdue_v they_o but_o before_o this_o they_o be_v infest_a by_o the_o tavasti_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o kurk_n which_o if_o we_o will_v strict_o examine_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o of_o late_a date_n than_o about_o christ_n time_n contrary_a to_o some_o man_n opinion_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v upon_o trust_n the_o laplander_n confound_v the_o more_o modern_a with_o the_o ancient_a make_v but_o one_o history_n of_o all_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o distinct_a time_n of_o ericus_n sanctus_n magnus_n ladulaos_n with_o some_o other_o king_n before_o and_o after_o and_o that_o so_o confuse_a and_o lame_a that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o one_o to_o understand_v it_o ol._n petr._n mention_n at_o large_a one_o mathias_n captain_n of_o the_o finlander_n when_o they_o subdue_v and_o drive_v out_o the_o laplander_n into_o the_o further_a and_o most_o desolate_a place_n of_o the_o north_n who_o some_o think_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o kurk_n in_o finland_n and_o that_o he_o cease_v not_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n upon_o they_o to_o molest_v they_o till_o they_o promise_v to_o pay_v he_o yearly_a tribute_n which_o he_o at_o length_n weary_a of_o the_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n exchange_v with_o some_o of_o birkarla_fw-mi in_o tavastia_n for_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n whence_o follow_v what_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o laplander_n to_o the_o year_n 1554_o pay_v annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o birkarli_n beside_o who_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o other_o to_o trade_n with_o they_o there_o be_v those_o now_o live_v who_o say_v they_o have_v see_v the_o letter_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o kurk_v keep_v in_o ersnee_n a_o allotment_n of_o lulalapmark_n by_o one_o jo._n nilson_n which_o thing_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v immediate_o after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o they_o may_v be_v reasonable_o think_v to_o have_v be_v since_o mag._n ladulaos_n unless_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o ol._n petr._n by_o his_o tavasti_fw-la and_o buraeus_fw-la by_o birkarli_n mean_v the_o same_o people_n since_o there_o be_v other_o birkarli_n inhabitant_n of_o tavastia_n who_o choose_v they_o a_o captain_n name_v kurk_n under_o who_o they_o drive_v out_o the_o laplander_n out_o of_o the_o border_n of_o the_o eastern_a bothnia_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n and_o the_o letter_n may_v not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o kurk_n but_o to_o ladulaos_n in_o which_o he_o have_v grant_v the_o birkarli_n the_o privilege_n to_o receive_v tribute_n of_o the_o lap_n and_o of_o traffic_v with_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o kurk_n though_o he_o be_v their_o choose_a captain_n be_v to_o have_v all_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o laplander_n to_o himself_o so_o as_o by_o contract_n to_o tranfer_v to_o the_o birkarli_n his_o right_n for_o the_o tavastii_n be_v either_o a_o free_a people_n and_o so_o share_v among_o one_o another_o whatever_o they_o get_v or_o else_o under_o some_o prince_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v another_o what_o be_v not_o their_o own_o but_o their_o master_n beside_o if_o they_o do_v give_v kurk_n any_o thing_n as_o some_o village_n or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o bargain_n that_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v in_o its_o stead_n tribute_n from_o the_o laplander_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n to_o himself_o for_o his_o pain_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o war_n but_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o kurk_n and_o the_o tavasti_fw-la it_o be_v certain_a the_o laplander_n never_o come_v original_o from_o the_o russian_n nor_o as_o other_o think_v from_o the_o tartar_n but_o from_o the_o finlander_n have_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n and_o force_v to_o change_v their_o habitation_n often_o till_o at_o length_n they_o sixth_o in_o this_o land_n where_o they_o now_o live_v and_o that_o country_n which_o from_o the_o remove_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v lapland_n have_v the_o same_o name_n continue_v by_o the_o swede_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o great_a part_n thereof_o for_o after_o the_o swede_n have_v learn_v from_o the_o finlander_n that_o they_o be_v call_v lap_n they_o also_o give_v they_o the_o same_o name_n than_o the_o dane_n take_v it_o up_o then_o saxo_n afterward_o ziegler_n then_o dam._n go_v who_o have_v the_o account_n which_o he_o give_v of_o the_o laplander_n from_o ol._n and_o joh._n magn._n and_o so_o at_o last_o all_o the_o country_n be_v call_v lapland_n from_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n northwards_o especial_o after_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o swede_n except_o only_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n which_o retain_v its_o ancient_a name_n of_o finland_n as_o also_o that_o part_n towards_o the_o white_a sea_n call_v by_o the_o moscovite_n cajanica_n although_o these_o sometime_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n loppi_n which_o without_o doubt_n they_o take_v from_o their_o neighbour_n the_o finlander_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o laplander_n have_v see_v the_o rise_n and_o original_a of_o the_o laplander_n we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v more_o distinct_o of_o they_o but_o first_o of_o their_o religion_n not_o only_o what_o be_v now_o but_o also_o what_o be_v before_o christianity_n come_v to_o be_v receive_v there_o for_o there_o be_v laplander_n or_o at_o least_o some_o inhabitant_n of_o lapland_n before_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v introduce_v such_o as_o the_o finni_n lappofinni_n scridfinni_n or_o biarmi_n as_o be_v above_o say_v but_o it_o be_v very_o long_o before_o the_o laplander_n proper_o so_o call_v embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n at_o first_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n they_o be_v pagan_n as_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v but_o be_v all_o pagan_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o religion_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v which_o the_o laplander_n profess_v and_o i_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o the_o finlander_n from_o who_o they_o derive_v their_o original_n and_o consequent_o their_o religion_n too_o but_o what_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o finlander_n be_v be_v very_o uncertain_a since_o we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_a affair_n of_o that_o nation_n therefore_o we_o must_v make_v our_o conjecture_n from_o the_o biarmi_n and_o scridfinni_n as_o also_o from_o some_o remain_v among_o the_o finlander_n and_o laplander_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o biarmi_n to_o be_v the_o first_o colony_n that_o the_o finlander_v send_v into_o lapland_n of_o who_o this_o be_v chief_o record_v in_o ancient_a monument_n that_o they_o worship_v a_o certain_a god_n who_o they_o call_v jumala_n which_o jumala_n or_o jomala_n be_v manifest_o a_o different_a word_n from_o what_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o st._n olaus_n king_n of_o norway_n and_o of_o herrodus_n for_o they_o relate_v it_o as_o peculiar_a to_o the_o biarmi_n and_o unknown_a to_o themselves_o who_o be_v either_o goth_n norwegian_n or_o islander_n it_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o old_a gothic_a word_n but_o of_o some_o other_o country_n and_o therefore_o most_o
its_o several_a different_a dialect_n and_o be_v so_o various_a that_o those_o that_o live_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o country_n can_v scarce_o understand_v those_o of_o the_o other_o there_o be_v especial_o three_o dialect_n the_o first_o use_v by_o the_o vmenses_n and_o pithense_n in_o the_o west_n the_o 2_o by_o the_o luhlense_v in_o the_o north_n the_o last_o by_o the_o tornenses_n and_o kimenses_n in_o the_o east_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o dialect_n be_v doubtless_o cause_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n in_o which_o they_o come_v into_o lapland_n some_o come_n soon_o some_o late_a some_o settle_n in_o one_o part_n some_o in_o another_o now_o of_o all_o these_o dialect_n there_o be_v none_o more_o rough_a or_o unplesant_a then_o that_o of_o the_o luhlenses_n who_o as_o well_o in_o their_o life_n and_o manner_n as_o in_o their_o way_n of_o speak_v be_v far_o the_o most_o rustic_a and_o clownish_a of_o all_o the_o laplander_n but_o that_o you_o may_v see_v what_o a_o disparity_n there_o be_v between_o these_o dialect_v i_o will_v set_v down_o a_o few_o example_n the_o pithense_n say_v jubmel_n the_o tornenses_n immel_n the_o pithense_n say_v jock_n warra_n olbmo_n nisw_o skaigki_n kii_v nissu_fw-fr pardei_fw-la seibig_a muriet_fw-la reppi_n for_o which_o the_o tornenses_n put_v virte_n taodar_n almai_fw-mi kab_n kawtza_fw-mi raopka_fw-mi kaap_o alik_a hour_n kop_n riemne_v now_o as_o the_o language_n of_o the_o laplander_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o territory_n and_o march_n just_a as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o nation_n particular_o in_o germany_n where_o the_o swavelander_n saxon_n and_o belgian_n speak_v all_o different_a tongue_n so_o have_v it_o this_o also_o common_a with_o other_o country_n viz._n that_o the_o nigh_a the_o territory_n tend_v to_o any_o other_o people_n so_o much_o the_o more_o do_v the_o juhabitant_n participate_v of_o their_o language_n and_o so_o the_o tornenses_n and_o kimenses_n who_o border_n upon_o the_o finlander_n do_v at_o this_o day_n use_v very_o much_o of_o their_o speech_n nay_o they_o go_v yet_o far_o and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o their_o neighbour_n so_o the_o tornenses_n and_o kimenses_n get_v the_o finnonik_n the_o luhlenses_n pithense_n and_o especial_o the_o vmenses_n the_o swedish_n language_n and_o that_o man_n that_o be_v skill_v in_o these_o tongue_n have_v not_o little_a conceit_n of_o himself_o and_o be_v indeed_o much_o esteem_v among_o his_o neighbour_n it_o be_v therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v many_o swedish_n word_n find_v among_o the_o laplander_n for_o it_o can_v not_o otherwise_o happen_v but_o that_o this_o people_n who_o be_v supply_v by_o other_o in_o many_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v not_o themselves_o shall_v with_o foreign_a commodity_n receive_v also_o and_o use_v foreign_a name_n and_o of_o this_o i_o can_v give_v many_o instance_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n now_o of_o this_o kind_n we_o ought_v to_o esteem_v these_o word_n follow_v in_o lapland_n salug_n signify_v bless_v which_o the_o swede_n call_v saligh_v niip_v a_o knife_n the_o swede_n call_v it_o kniif_v fiaelo_fw-la a_o rafter_n with_o the_o swede_n tilio_fw-la and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n of_o all_o which_o the_o r._n and_o learned_a johan_n tornaeus_n give_v this_o account_n that_o the_o use_n of_o foreign_a word_n be_v introduce_v partly_o by_o necessity_n and_o partly_o by_o converse_v with_o stranger_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o they_o that_o converse_v with_o the_o swede_n do_v oftentimes_o use_v swedish_n word_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o that_o deal_n with_o the_o finlander_n and_o with_o the_o german_n in_o norway_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v often_o call_v by_o divers_a appellation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o swede_n call_v a_o horse_n haste_v the_o finlander_n hapoitz_n the_o german_n ross_n which_o also_o be_v the_o name_n the_o laplander_n give_v the_o beast_n for_o they_o have_v no_o horse_n of_o their_o own_o be_v force_v to_o borrow_v a_o name_n from_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v they_o now_o what_o tornaeus_n observe_v concern_v the_o word_n ross_n i_o believe_v may_v be_v apply_v also_o to_o the_o word_n porcus_n which_o i_o suppose_v they_o have_v rather_o from_o the_o german_n than_o latin_n for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o barrow-hog_n bork_n now_o their_o swine_n they_o have_v all_o out_o of_o norway_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o do_v thence_o borrow_v that_o appellation_n also_o and_o not_o to_o trouble_v ourselves_o any_o far_a this_o will_v hold_v true_a in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o kind_n wherefore_o set_v apart_o other_o consideration_n and_o look_v upon_o this_o language_n not_o as_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o foreign_a word_n but_o only_o such_o as_o they_o always_o use_v within_o themselves_o and_o be_v ever_o receive_v among_o they_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v not_o a_o miscellany_n or_o collection_n of_o latin_a german_n swedish_n scrap_n and_o the_o like_a neither_o as_o a_o peculiar_a speech_n different_a from_o they_o altogether_o but_o such_o as_o original_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o finlander_n though_o time_n have_v bring_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o perhaps_o few_o of_o they_o understand_v it_o this_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o other_o have_v its_o declension_n comparison_n conjugation_n mood_n tense_n etc._n etc._n and_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o if_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v some_o example_n i_o will_v therefore_o first_o decline_v you_o a_o laplandish_a noun_n and_o afterward_o give_v you_o the_o finnonick_a declension_n of_o the_o same_o that_o by_o compare_v both_o you_o may_v better_o understand_v the_o parity_n and_o disparity_n of_o these_o language_n this_o noun_n shall_v be_v immel_n for_o so_o the_o tornenses_n call_v it_o though_o other_o say_v jubmel_n the_o finlander_n term_n it_o jumala_n and_o it_o signify_v god_n lappon_n finlappon_n singul._n plural_a singul._n plural_a n._n immel_n n._n immeleck_n n._n jumala_n n._n jumalat_n g._n immele_n g._n immeliig_n g._n jumalan_n g._n jumalden_n d._n immela_n d._n immewoth_n d._n jumalalle_o d._n jumalille_n a._n immel_n a._n immeliidh_n a._n jumalaa_o a._n jumalat_n v._o o_o immel_n v._o o_o immaeleck_n v._o jumala_n plural_a a._n immelist_n a._n immaeliie_o a._n jumalasta_n a._n jumalilda_n i_o will_v add_v one_o more_o noun_n that_o the_o case_n may_v be_v more_o clear_a and_o that_o shall_v be_v olmai_n which_o signify_v a_o man_n singul._n plural_a n._n olmai_n n._n olmack_n g._n olma_n g._n olmaig_n d._n olmas_n d._n olmaid_n a._n olma_n a._n olmaig_n v._o o_o olmai_n v._o o_o olmack_n a._n olmast_n a._n olmaija_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n adjective_n have_v their_o termination_n in_o comparison_n as_o stour_n great_a stourapo_fw-it great_a stouramus_fw-la great_a enach_n much_o enapo_fw-it more_o enamus_fw-la most_o vtze_n little_a utzapo_n less_o utzamus_fw-la least_o the_o comparative_a for_o the_o most_o part_n end_v in_o po_fw-la the_o superlative_a in_o muss_n they_o have_v also_o their_o article_n but_o seldom_o use_v they_o before_o noun_n as_o it_o also_o in_o other_o tongue_n in_o the_o masc_n and_o the_o fem._n gender_n the_o article_n have_v the_o same_o termination_n but_o differ_v in_o the_o neuter_n for_o tott_n signify_v hic_fw-mi &_o haec_fw-la towt_a hoc_fw-la their_o pronoun_n be_v mun_o ay_o tun_n thou_o sun_n he_o mii_o we_o sii_fw-la you_o tack_n they_o the_o verb_n also_o be_v conjugate_v in_o their_o tense_n and_o person_n as_o in_o the_o indicative_a mood_n thus_o sing_v mun_fw-mi pworastan_fw-mi i_o love_v tum_fw-la pworastack_n thou_o love_v sun_n pworasta_fw-la plur._n mii_o pworastop_n we_o love_v sii_fw-la pworost_n you_o love_v tack_v pwrost_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n do_v they_o decline_v their_o other_o verb_n sing_v mun_o laem_v i_o be_o tun_n laeck_n thou_o be_v suu_fw-la lia_fw-la he_o be_v plur._n mil_fw-mi laep_v we_o be_v sii_fw-la lae_fw-la you_o be_v tack_n lae_fw-la they_o be_v these_o will_v serve_v to_o give_v we_o some_o light_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o language_n at_o least_o as_o much_o as_o be_v to_o our_o purpose_n who_o do_v not_o undertake_v to_o write_v a_o grammar_n but_o only_o give_v some_o small_a description_n now_o the_o laplander_n have_v a_o peculiar_a way_n of_o pronounce_v word_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o express_v they_o in_o letter_n for_o they_o do_v mouth_n out_o all_o their_o word_n so_o that_o the_o vowel_n may_v be_v hear_v loud_o enough_o but_o the_o other_o letter_n come_v very_o soft_o out_o they_o do_v also_o quite_o out_o off_o and_o drown_v the_o last_o syllable_n especial_o of_o noun_n letter_n
they_o neither_o have_v nor_o ever_o have_v any_o and_o in_o this_o they_o agree_v with_o their_o ancestor_n the_o finlander_n the_o calendar_n which_o they_o use_v be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o swedish_n in_o runick_a letter_n and_o this_o also_o before_o they_o come_v to_o have_v commerce_n with_o the_o swede_n and_o have_v learn_v of_o they_o the_o observation_n of_o holiday_n be_v never_o in_o use_n among_o they_o johannes_n burous_a tell_v we_o that_o he_o hear_v from_o person_n of_o good_a credit_n of_o certain_a grave-stone_n and_o monument_n which_o have_v sometime_o be_v find_v in_o lapland_n more_o whereof_o perhaps_o may_v be_v find_v on_o which_o be_v engrave_v runick_a character_n but_o suppose_v we_o this_o true_a it_o be_v not_o i_o hope_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v conclude_v that_o these_o be_v former_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o laplander_n to_o which_o indeed_o as_o well_o themselves_o as_o their_o forefather_n the_o finlander_n be_v equal_o stranger_n but_o we_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o the_o swede_n come_v thither_o in_o ancient_a time_n either_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o otherwise_o inhabit_v there_o about_o and_o leave_v those_o stone_n to_o this_o day_n both_o the_o laplander_n and_o finlander_n use_v the_o latin_a letter_n in_o the_o same_o character_n the_o swede_n and_o germen_n make_v they_o although_o the_o number_n of_o they_o that_o can_v read_v among_o they_o be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o of_o they_o that_o can_v write_v a_o great_a deal_n less_o and_o be_v only_o such_o as_o they_o call_v great_a scholar_n now_o this_o speech_n be_v only_o use_v among_o the_o laplander_n and_o there_o be_v none_o that_o desire_v to_o learn_v it_o but_o themselves_o in_o all_o negotiation_n with_o other_o they_o be_v force_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o interpreter_n of_o who_o upon_o this_o account_n there_o be_v great_a number_n as_o i_o have_v former_o say_v though_o these_o interpreter_n speak_v all_o language_n but_o the_o finnonick_a very_o barbarous_o which_o be_v also_o the_o fault_n of_o all_o laplander_n who_o be_v very_o hardly_o bring_v to_o learn_v or_o pronounce_v any_o other_o tongue_n and_o much_o give_v to_o confound_v one_o with_o another_o so_o that_o they_o which_o traffic_n in_o norway_n and_o border_n upon_o that_o country_n do_v in_o their_o speak_n mingle_v together_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o norwegian_n and_o swede_n as_o for_o instance_n jeghkiaemi_a for_o jag_v kom_n jeg_v gaong_o for_o jag_v gore_n so_o for_o hustro_n they_o say_v koona_n for_fw-mi min_fw-mi myssa_fw-mi mitt_fw-ge hofwud_fw-ge etc._n etc._n but_o of_o the_o language_n of_o the_o laplander_n let_v this_o suffice_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o laplander_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o laplander_n as_o he_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n speak_v of_o he_o as_o a_o private_a person_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v do_v first_o consider_v the_o thing_n they_o have_v need_n of_o second_o their_o employment_n and_o three_o their_o leisure_n and_o pastime_n all_o necessary_a accommodation_n be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v to_o defend_v we_o from_o ill_a inconvenience_n or_o to_o give_v we_o necessary_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v house_n and_o clothes_n of_o the_o 2_o meat_n and_o drink_n we_o shall_v begin_v with_o their_o house_n or_o place_n of_o abode_n the_o laplander_n have_v not_o any_o house_n like_o other_o northern_a people_n it_o have_v be_v their_o custom_n to_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o sometime_o in_o one_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o to_o set_v up_o small_a shed_n for_o their_o present_a use_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o certain_a habitation_n but_o have_v eat_v and_o consume_v the_o fish_n and_o beast_n in_o one_o place_n they_o march_v to_o another_o carrying_z their_o shed_n or_o tent_n with_o they_o but_o this_o liberty_n of_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o special_a edict_n forbid_v they_o by_o charles_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o year_n 1602_o and_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o habitation_n assign_v to_o every_o family_n the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n we_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n command_v that_o in_o every_o lapmark_n a_o account_n be_v take_v of_o all_o fen_n river_n lake_n etc._n etc._n and_o who_o they_o be_v that_o have_v hitherto_o have_v the_o benefit_n and_o use_v of_o they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o all_o such_o and_o then_o that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o family_n be_v compare_v with_o that_o of_o the_o river_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o equal_o divide_v that_o one_o family_n shall_v not_o possess_v more_o river_n and_o fen_n than_o be_v for_o its_o use_n last_o every_o lapmark_n be_v thus_o divide_v it_o shall_v be_v commit_v to_o honest_a and_o good_a man_n who_o without_o either_o favour_n or_o prejudice_n shall_v assign_v to_o every_o family_n its_o just_a portion_n and_o thenceforth_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o laplander_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o all_o march_n as_o have_v former_o be_v use_v from_o the_o time_n of_o this_o edict_n the_o laplander_n have_v their_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n assign_v they_o sufficient_a for_o the_o sustain_n of_o their_o family_n neither_o be_v it_o afterward_o lawful_a for_o any_o one_o to_o invade_v the_o propriety_n of_o another_o or_o to_o wander_v where_o he_o please_v the_o 3_o thing_n we_o be_v to_o note_v in_o these_o shed_v be_v that_o they_o strew_v their_o floor_n with_o branch_n of_o birch_n tree_n lest_o by_o the_o rain_n they_o shall_v be_v wet_v and_o they_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o pavement_n only_o upon_o the_o bough_n for_o cleanliness_n sake_n they_o lay_v skin_n of_o rain-deers_a on_o which_o they_o sit_v and_o lie_v and_o these_o be_v the_o dwell_a house_n of_o the_o laplander_n beside_o which_o they_o have_v also_o storehouse_n in_o which_o they_o keep_v their_o commodity_n especial_o flesh_n fish_n and_o such_o other_o provision_n these_o they_o call_v nalla_n and_o make_v thus_o they_o cut_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o a_o tree_n off_o so_o that_o the_o body_n remain_v four_o or_o five_o ell_n from_o the_o ground_n high_a upon_o this_o trunk_n they_o place_v two_o rafter_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o x_o or_o st_n andrews_n cross_n and_o upon_o these_o they_o build_v their_o repository_n make_v a_o door_n to_o it_o and_o cover_v it_o with_o board_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n peculiar_a to_o these_o storehouse_n which_o be_v that_o the_o door_n be_v not_o in_o the_o side_n but_o bottom_n of_o they_o so_o that_o when_o the_o laplander_n be_v come_v down_o the_o door_n fall_v too_o like_o a_o trap-door_n and_o all_o thing_n be_v safe_a to_o these_o they_o go_v up_o by_o ladder_n which_o they_o make_v of_o the_o trunk_n of_o tree_n in_o which_o they_o cut_v great_a notch_n like_o stair_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o place_v they_o so_o high_a be_v because_o of_o the_o bear_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n who_o oftentimes_o pull_v they_o down_o and_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o master_n eat_v all_o his_o provision_n they_o use_v also_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o anoint_v the_o stock_n so_o that_o neither_o mouse_n nor_o wild_a beast_n can_v be_v able_a to_o climb_v up_o for_o slipperiness_n and_o perhaps_o these_o be_v the_o house_n olaus_n magnus_fw-la mean_v when_o he_o say_v they_o place_v their_o house_n upon_o tree_n for_o fear_n of_o wild_a beast_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o conceive_v these_o storehouse_n also_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o garment_n of_o the_o laplander_n among_o the_o laplander_n the_o man_n and_o woman_n wear_v different_a kind_n of_o garment_n which_o they_o alter_v according_a to_o the_o wether_n and_o place_n for_o they_o wear_v one_o sort_n of_o clothes_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o another_o sort_n in_o the_o summer_n one_o kind_n at_o home_n and_o another_o abroad_o let_v we_o first_o consider_v the_o garment_n of_o the_o man_n these_o in_o the_o summer_n have_v trouser_n or_o broug_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n close_o to_o their_o body_n upon_o which_o they_o wear_v a_o gown_n or_o rather_o a_o coat_n with_o sleeve_n which_o come_v down_o to_o the_o middle_a leg_n which_o they_o tie_v fast_o with_o a_o girdle_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o be_v that_o zieglerus_fw-la in_o his_o time_n write_v that_o they_o use_v close_a garment_n fit_v to_o their_o body_n lest_o they_o shall_v hinder_v their_o work_n he_o call_v they_o close_o because_o of_o their_o trouser_n and_o fit_v to_o their_o body_n because_o of_o their_o be_v gird_v these_o they_o wear_v next_o their_o bare_a
skin_n without_o such_o linen_n shirt_n as_o the_o european_n use_n they_o have_v no_o flax_n in_o their_o country_n these_o garment_n be_v of_o course_n homespun_a woollen_a cloth_n call_v waldmar_n of_o a_o white_a or_o gray_a colour_n such_o as_o the_o wool_n be_v of_o before_o it_o be_v dye_v the_o wool_n they_o have_v from_o swedland_n and_o buy_v it_o of_o the_o merchant_n call_v birkarli_n but_o the_o rich_a sort_n wear_v a_o fine_a cloth_n and_o not_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o sometime_o green_a or_o blue_a and_o sometime_o red_a only_o black_a they_o abominate_a though_o sometime_o in_o dirty_a work_n and_o at_o home_o they_o wear_v the_o mean_a clothes_n yet_o abroad_o and_o especial_o upon_o festival_n and_o holiday_n they_o love_v to_o go_v very_o neat_a their_o girdle_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n which_o the_o rich_a sort_n adorn_v with_o filver_n stud_n and_o poor_a with_o tin_n these_o stud_n stick_v out_o like_a button_n in_o a_o semicircular_a figure_n at_o this_o girdle_n they_o hang_v a_o knife_n and_o sheath_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o square_a bag_n though_o something_o long_o than_o broad_a also_o a_o leathern_a purse_n and_o then_o a_o case_n with_o needle_n and_o thread_n in_o it_o their_o knife_n they_o have_v from_o norway_n the_o sheath_n be_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o rain-deers_a sew_v together_o with_o tin_n wire_n and_o in_o other_o part_n with_o the_o same_o adornment_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o they_o use_v to_o hang_v ring_n the_o bag_n be_v also_o make_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o raindeer_v with_o the_o hair_n on_o it_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o which_o they_o also_o place_v another_o skin_n equal_a to_o the_o bag_n and_o make_v it_o fast_o by_o three_o knot_n and_o this_o skin_n they_o cover_v again_o with_o red_a cloth_n or_o of_o some_o other_o colour_n adorn_v also_o with_o wire_n in_o this_o bag_n they_o keep_v a_o stone_n to_o strike_v fire_n not_o of_o flint_n but_o crystal_n as_o i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o also_o a_o steel_n with_o some_o brimstone_n to_o light_v a_o fire_n where_o ever_o they_o come_v as_o also_o tobacco_n and_o other_o odd_a thing_n the_o leathern_a purse_n be_v also_o make_v of_o the_o same_o skin_n in_o a_o oval_a figure_n like_o a_o pear_n in_o which_o they_o keep_v their_o money_n and_o other_o more_o choice_a thing_n and_o at_o this_o also_o they_o hang_v ring_n their_o needle_n case_n be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n they_o have_v a_o single_a cloth_n with_o four_o side_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v much_o narrow_a than_o the_o low_a so_o that_o it_o be_v like_o a_o oblong_a triangle_n cut_v off_o at_o the_o vertical_a angle_n and_o to_o make_v it_o strong_a they_o bound_v about_o the_o edge_n with_o leather_n and_o so_o stick_v their_o needle_n into_o it_o this_o they_o put_v into_o a_o bag_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n adorn_v with_o red_a or_o some_o other_o colour_a cloth_n and_o wire_n draw_v together_o by_o a_o leathern_a string_n by_o which_o they_o hang_v it_o to_o their_o girdle_n beside_o these_o they_o have_v alchemy_n chain_n with_o a_o great_a company_n of_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o these_o they_o hang_v about_o all_o their_o body_n the_o bag_n they_o hang_v before_o nigh_o their_o navel_n all_o the_o rest_n they_o fling_v behind_o they_o and_o these_o be_v the_o garment_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o body_n their_o head_n they_o cover_v with_o a_o cap_n over_o which_o the_o rich_a sort_n wear_v a_o case_n of_o fox_n beaver_n or_o badger_n skin_n they_o be_v very_o like_o our_o nightcap_n it_o be_v make_v of_o red_a or_o other_o colour_a cloth_n or_o of_o the_o hare_n fur_n first_o twist_v into_o a_o thread_n and_o then_o knit_v almost_o like_o our_o stocking_n or_o last_o of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v loom_n with_o the_o feather_n on_o it_o sometime_o they_o so_o order_v it_o that_o keep_v also_o the_o head_n and_o wing_n of_o the_o bird_n they_o make_v not_o a_o unbecoming_a cover_n for_o the_o head_n olaus_n magnus_n in_o his_o 4._o book_n cap._n 3._o say_v they_o make_v their_o cap_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o goose_n duck_n cock_n which_o as_o well_o as_o other_o bird_n be_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n but_o he_o do_v do_v not_o here_o mean_v common_a cock_n but_o the_o vrogalli_n or_o heath-cock_n however_o he_o give_v we_o the_o picture_n in_o his_o 17_o book_n cap._n 26._o they_o have_v ordinary_a glove_n but_o shoe_n of_o a_o peculiar_a make_v they_o be_v make_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o rain-deer_n with_o the_o hair_n on_o out_o of_o one_o piece_n only_o where_o they_o tread_v they_o sew_v both_o end_n together_o so_o that_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o part_n may_v lie_v forward_o and_o the_o other_o backward_o lest_o if_o they_o lie_v all_o one_o way_n they_o shall_v be_v too_o slippery_a but_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o more_o leather_n on_o the_o bottom_n then_o on_o other_o part_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o shoe_n only_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o they_o put_v in_o their_o foot_n the_o toe_n bend_v upward_o and_o end_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o point_n upon_o the_o seam_n they_o place_v some_o narrow_a piece_n of_o red_a or_o other_o colour_a cloth_n these_o shoe_n they_o wear_v on_o their_o bare_a foot_n and_o bound_v they_o twice_o or_o thrice_o about_o the_o bottom_n with_o a_o thong_n and_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v too_o loose_a they_o fill_v they_o up_o with_o a_o sort_n of_o long_a hay_n which_o they_o boil_v and_o keep_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o garment_n they_o do_v not_o so_o ordinary_o wear_v but_o only_o on_o some_o occasion_n which_o both_o for_o the_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v make_v alike_o and_o all_o of_o leather_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o gnat_n but_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n the_o man_n have_v breech_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o weather_n and_o coat_n which_o they_o call_v mudd_n these_o mudd_n be_v not_o all_o alike_o but_o some_o better_a some_o worse_a the_o best_a be_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o young_a wild_a rain-deers_a just_o when_o they_o have_v cast_v their_o first_o coat_n in_o the_o place_n of_o which_o come_v a_o black_a one_o which_o be_v about_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n james_n and_o these_o be_v very_o soft_a and_o delicate_a their_o foot_n they_o defend_v with_o boot_n of_o the_o same_o skin_n and_o their_o hand_n with_o glove_n or_o mitten_n of_o the_o same_o and_o their_o head_n with_o a_o cap_n which_o reach_v down_o and_o cover_v part_n of_o their_o shoulder_n also_o leave_v only_o a_o space_n for_o they_o to_o see_v through_o all_o these_o garment_n they_o wear_v next_o their_o skin_n without_o any_o linen_n underneath_o and_o tie_v they_o round_o with_o a_o girdle_n only_o their_o boot_n and_o glove_n they_o stuff_v with_o hay_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o winter_n with_o wool_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o johannes_n tornaus_n say_v of_o their_o clothing_n that_o their_o garment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o rain-deer_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o beast_n supply_v they_o with_o coat_n breech_n glove_n sandal_n shoe_n etc._n etc._n the_o hair_n be_v always_o on_o the_o outside_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v all_o hairy_a and_o hence_o we_o may_v understand_v zieglerus_fw-la when_o he_o say_v their_o winter_n garment_n be_v make_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o bear_n and_o sea-calf_n which_o they_o tie_v in_o a_o knot_n at_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n leave_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o their_o eye_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o sack_n only_o that_o it_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o shape_n of_o their_o member_n and_o hence_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v they_o come_v to_o be_v suppose_v all_o hairy_a like_o beast_n some_o report_n this_o out_o of_o ignorance_n and_o some_o delight_v to_o tell_v of_o strange_a wonder_n they_o see_v abroad_o and_o true_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o he_o gather_v the_o fable_n of_o hairy_a man_n to_o be_v raise_v from_o their_o hairy_a garment_n which_o sort_n of_o monster_n whether_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o i_o find_v the_o cyclops_n with_o one_o eye_n in_o their_o forehead_n by_o adamus_n bremensis_n to_o be_v place_v here_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n because_o they_o have_v only_o a_o hole_n in_o their_o cap_n through_o which_o they_o look_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n seem_v hairy_a and_o therefore_o this_o hole_n they_o feign_v to_o be_v a_o eye_n but_o whereas_o he_o say_v the_o skin_n be_v of_o bear_n and_o sea-calf_n he_o be_v a_o little_a mistake_v for_o these_o skin_n be_v not_o so_o common_a among_o the_o laplander_n and_o be_v by_o they_o