the_o history_n of_o russia_n or_o the_o government_n of_o the_o â—_z of_o muscovia_n with_o the_o manner_n &_o fashion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n by_o g._n fletcher_n sometime_o fellow_n of_o king_n college_n in_o cambridge_n and_o employ_v in_o the_o embassy_n thither_o w._n m._n fecit_fw-la 1643_o the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n 1_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n fol._n 1_o chap._n 2_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n fol._n 6_o chap._n 3_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n fol._n 14_o chap._n 4_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o russia_n fol._n 28_o chap._n 5_o the_o house_n or_o stock_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 34_o chap._n 6_o the_o manner_n of_o inauguration_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 40_o chap._n 7_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o government_n fol._n 47_o chap._n 8_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v their_o parliament_n fol._n 52_o chap._n 9_o the_o russee_n nobility_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o under_o proportion_n agreeable_a to_o that_o state_n fol._n 57_o chap._n 10_o the_o government_n of_o their_o province_n or_o shire_n fol._n 70_o chap._n 11_o the_o emperor_n privy_a council_n fol._n 82_o chap._n 12_o the_o emperor_n custom_n and_o other_o revenue_n with_o the_o sophism_n practise_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o they_o fol._n 86_o chap._n 13_o the_o russee_n commonalty_n and_o their_o condition_n fol._n 107_o chap._n 14_o their_o public_a justice_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o fol._n 117_o chap._n 15_o the_o emperor_n force_n for_o his_o war_n with_o the_o officer_n and_o their_o salary_n fol._n 127_o chap._n 16_o their_o manner_n of_o muster_v armour_n and_o provision_n of_o victual_n fol._n 137_o chap._n 17_o their_o order_n in_o march_v charge_v and_o their_o martial_a discipline_n fol._n 141_o chap._n 18_o their_o colony_n and_o policy_n in_o maintain_v their_o purchase_n by_o conquest_n fol._n 146_o chap._n 19_o their_o borderer_n with_o who_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n fol._n 155_o chap._n 20_o of_o the_o permian_o samoite_n and_o lap_n fol._n 180_o chap._n 21_o their_o ecclesiastical_a state_n with_o their_o church_n office_n fol._n 166_o chap._n 22_o their_o liturgy_n or_o form_n of_o church-service_n with_o their_o manner_n of_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n fol._n 218_o chap._n â—3_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 231_o chap._n â—4_n their_o manner_n of_o solemnize_n marriage_n fol._n 240_o chap._n â—5_n the_o other_o ceremony_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 246_o chap._n 26_o the_o emperor_n domestic_a behaviour_n fol._n 256_o chap._n 27_o the_o emperor_n household_n with_o the_o office_n of_o his_o house_n fol._n 265_o chap._n 28_o the_o private_a behaviour_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o ruff_n people_n fol._n 268_o chap._n 1._o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o country_n of_o russia_n be_v sometime_o call_v sarmatia_n it_o change_v the_o name_n as_o some_o do_v suppose_v for_o â—hat_n it_o be_v part_v into_o divers_a small_a and_o yet_o absolute_a government_n not_o depend_v nor_o be_v subject_a the_o one_o â—o_o the_o other_o for_o russee_n in_o that_o tongue_n do_v signify_v as_o much_o as_o to_o part_v or_o divide_v the_o ruff_n report_v that_o four_o brother_n truber_n rurico_fw-la sinees_n and_o â—arivus_fw-la divide_v among_o they_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n likewise_o that_o the_o south_n part_n be_v pofess_z by_o four_o other_o kio_n scieâ—o_n â—horanus_fw-la and_o their_o sister_n libeda_n each_o â—alling_v his_o territory_n after_o his_o own_o â—ame_n of_o this_o partition_n it_o be_v calid_v russia_n about_o the_o year_n from_o christ_n 860._o as_o for_o the_o conjecture_n which_o i_o find_v in_o some_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o ruff_n nation_n borrow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n call_v râ—xellani_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o nation_n with_o they_o it_o be_v without_o all_o good_a probability_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v very_o far_o fetch_v and_o especial_o for_o the_o seat_n and_o dwell_n of_o that_o people_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tanais_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o strabo_n reporteh_n quite_o another_o way_n from_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n when_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o chief_a part_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_n the_o white_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o part_n that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liefland_n as_o the_o province_n now_o call_v duyna_n vagha_n ustic_n vologda_n cargapolia_fw-la novogradia_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o novograd_n velica_fw-la be_v the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n black_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o country_n that_o lie_v southward_o towards_o the_o euxin_n or_o black_a sea_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o volodemer_n of_o mosko_n rezan_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n be_v first_o take_v from_o one_o sarmates_n who_o moses_n and_o josephus_n call_v asarmathes_n son_n to_o joktan_n and_o nephew_n to_o heber_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o sem._n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o conjecture_n take_v out_o of_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o name_n asarmathes_n for_o the_o dwell_n of_o all_o joktans_n posterity_n be_v describe_v by_o moses_n to_o have_v be_v betwixt_o mescha_n or_o masius_n a_o hill_n of_o the_o amonite_n and_o sephace_v near_o to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n which_o make_v it_o very_o unlikely_a that_o asarmathes_n shall_v plant_v any_o colony_n so_o far_o off_o in_o the_o north_n &_o northwest_o country_n it_o be_v bound_v northward_o by_o the_o lap_n and_o the_o north_n ocean_n on_o the_o southside_n by_o the_o tartar_n call_v chrims_n eastward_o they_o have_v the_o nagaian_n tartar_n that_o possess_v all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o eastside_n of_o volgha_n towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n and_o southwest_n border_n lie_v lituania_n livonia_n and_o polonia_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v now_o reduce_v under_o the_o government_n of_o one_o contain_v these_o chief_a province_n or_o shire_n volodemer_n which_o bear_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o emperor_n style_n because_o their_o house_n come_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o that_o country_n mosko_n nisnovogrod_n plesko_n smolensko_n novogrod_n velica_fw-la or_o novogrod_v of_o the_o low_a country_n rostove_n yaruslave_n bealozera_n bezan_n duyna_n cargapolia_fw-la meschora_n vagha_n ustugâ—_n ghaletsa_n these_o be_v the_o natural_a shire_n pertain_v to_o russia_n but_o far_o great_a and_o large_a than_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n though_o not_o so_o well_o people_v the_o other_o country_n or_o province_n which_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n â—…ve_v get_v perforce_o add_v of_o late_a to_o â—…ir_v other_o dominion_n be_v these_o which_o â—…low_n twerra_fw-mi youghoria_n permia_n 〈…〉_z boulghoria_n chernigo_n oudoâ—…_n oâ—doria_n condora_n with_o a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d of_o siberia_n where_o the_o people_n 〈…〉_z they_o be_v not_o natural_a russes_z â—…ey_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o â—…uled_v by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n 〈◊〉_d custom_n and_o tax_n as_o his_o â—…le_n do_v beside_o these_o he_o have_v undâ—…m_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o â—…acan_n get_v by_o conquest_n not_o lonâ—…_n as_o for_o all_o his_o possession_n in_o 〈…〉_z to_o the_o number_n of_o 30._o greatâ—…ns_n and_o more_o with_o narve_v and_o 〈…〉_z in_o livonia_n they_o be_v quite_o go_v be_v surprise_v of_o late_a year_n by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n these_o shire_n and_o province_n be_v reduce_v all_o into_o four_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o call_v chetfyrd_n that_o be_v tetrarchy_n or_o four_o part_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o title_n or_o chapter_n concern_v the_o province_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v of_o great_a length_n and_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n if_o you_o measure_v from_o colam_z to_o astracan_a which_o bend_v somewhat_o eastward_o it_o reach_v in_o length_n about_o 4260_o verse_v or_o mile_n not_o withstand_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n haâ—…_n more_o territory_n northward_o far_o beyond_o colam_z unto_o the_o river_n of_o tromschua_n that_o run_v a_o 1000_o verse_v well_o nigh_o beyond_o pechinga_n near_o to_o ward_v house_n but_o not_o entire_a nor_o clear_o limit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n that_o have_v divers_a town_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ruff_n plot_v together_o the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o every_o one_o of_o they_o claim_v the_o whole_a of_o those_o north_n part_n as_o his_o own_o right_n the_o breadth_n if_o you_o go_v from_o that_o part_n
of_o his_o territory_n that_o lie_v far_a westward_n on_o the_o narve_v side_n to_o the_o part_n of_o siberia_n eastward_o where_o the_o emperor_n have_v his_o garrison_n be_v 4400._o verse_v or_o thereabouts_o a_o verse_v by_o their_o reckon_n be_v a_o 1000_o pace_n yet_o less_o by_o one_o quarter_n then_o a_o english_a mile_n if_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n be_v all_o habitable_a and_o people_v in_o all_o place_n as_o it_o be_v in_o some_o he_o will_v either_o hardly_o hold_v it_o all_o within_o one_o regiment_n or_o be_v overmightie_a for_o all_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v of_o a_o slight_a sandy_a mould_n yet_o very_a much_o different_a one_o place_n from_o another_o for_o the_o yield_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o country_n northwards_o towards_o the_o part_n of_o s._n nicholas_n and_o colam_z and_o north-east_n towards_o siberia_n be_v all_o very_a barren_a and_o full_a of_o desert_n wood_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a in_o wintertime_n so_o likewise_o along_o the_o river_n volgha_n betwixt_o the_o country_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a where_o notwithstanding_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a it_o be_v all_o habit_v save_v that_o upon_o the_o river_n volgha_n on_o the_o westside_n the_o emperor_n have_v some_o few_o castle_n with_o garrison_n in_o they_o this_o happen_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n that_o will_v neither_o himself_o plant_v town_n to_o dwell_v there_o live_v a_o wild_a and_o vagrant_a life_n nor_o suffer_v the_o ruff_n that_o be_v far_o off_o with_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o country_n to_o people_n those_o part_n from_o vologda_n which_o lie_v almost_o 1700._o verse_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n nicholas_n down_o towards_o mosko_n and_o so_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o chrim_n which_o contain_v the_o like_a space_n of_o 1700._o verse_v or_o thereabouts_o be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a country_n yield_v pasture_n and_o corn_n with_o wood_n and_o water_n in_o very_o great_a plenty_n the_o like_a be_v betwixt_o rezan_n that_o lie_v southeast_n from_o mosko_n to_o novograd_n and_o vobsko_n that_o reach_v further_a towards_o the_o northwest_o so_o betwixt_o mosko_n and_o smolensko_n that_o lie_v south-west_n towards_o lituania_n be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n the_o whole_a country_n differ_v verâ—_n 〈…〉_z from_o itself_o by_o reason_n of_o thâ—_n year_n so_o that_o a_o man_n would-marvel_a to_o see_v the_o great_a alteration_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o summer_n rusâ—…a_n the_o whole_a country_n in_o the_o winter_n lie_v under_o snow_n which_o fall_v continual_o and_o be_v sometime_o of_o a_o yard_n or_o two_o thick_a but_o great_a towards_o the_o north._n the_o river_n and_o other_o water_n be_v freeze_v up_o a_o yard_n or_o more_o thick_a how_o swift_a or_o broad_a soever_o they_o be_v and_o this_o continue_v common_o five_o month_n viz._n from_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march_n what_o time_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v so_o that_o it_o will_v breed_v a_o frost_n in_o a_o man_n to_o look_v abroad_o at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o winter_n face_n of_o that_o country_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n you_o may_v judge_v of_o by_o this_o for_o that_o water_n drop_v down_o or_o cast_v up_o into_o the_o air_n congeal_v into_o ice_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n if_o you_o hold_v a_o pewter_n dish_n or_o pot_n in_o your_o hand_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n except_o in_o some_o chamber_n where_o their_o warm_a stove_n be_v your_o finger_n will_v frieze_n fast_o unto_o it_o and_o draw_v off_o the_o skin_n at_o he_o part_v when_o you_o pass_v out_o of_o a_o â—arm_a room_n into_o a_o cold_a you_o shall_v sensible_o feel_v your_o breath_n to_o wax_v stark_o and_o even_o stifle_v with_o the_o coldâ—_n as_o you_o draw_v it_o in_o and_o out_o divers_a not_o only_o that_o travel_n abroad_o but_o in_o the_o very_a market_n and_o street_n of_o their_o town_n be_v mortal_o pinch_v and_o kill_v withal_o so_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v many_o drop_n down_o in_o the_o street_n many_o traveller_n bring_v into_o the_o town_n sit_v dead_a and_o stiff_a in_o their_o fled_n divers_a lose_v their_o nose_n the_o tip_n of_o their_o ear_n and_o the_o ball_n of_o their_o cheek_n their_o toe_n foot_n etc._n etc._n many_o time_n when_o the_o winter_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o extreme_a the_o bear_v and_o wolf_n issue_v by_o troop_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n drive_v by_o hunger_n and_o enter_v the_o village_n tear_v and_o raven_v all_o they_o can_v find_v so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v fain_o to_o flee_v for_o safeguard_n of_o their_o life_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o summertime_n you_o shall_v see_v such_o a_o new_a hue_n and_o face_n of_o a_o country_n the_o wood_n for_o the_o most_o part_n which_o be_v all_o of_o fir_n and_o birch_n so_o fresh_a and_o so_o sweet_a the_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n so_o green_a and_o well_o grow_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sudden_a such_o variety_n of_o flower_n such_o noise_n of_o bird_n special_o of_o nightingale_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o loud_a and_o of_o a_o more_o variable_a note_n then_o in_o other_o country_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o light_o travel_v in_o a_o more_o pleasant_a country_n and_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o wintertime_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandy_a mould_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o the_o winter_n exceed_v in_o cold_a so_o the_o summer_n incline_v to_o overmuch_a heat_n special_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v much_o warm_a than_o the_o summer-aire_n in_o england_n the_o country_n throughout_o be_v very_o well_o water_v with_o spring_n river_n and_o ozerae_n or_o lake_n wherein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v note_v for_o that_o much_o of_o the_o country_n be_v so_o far_o inland_n as_o that_o some_o part_n lie_v a_o 1000_o mile_n and_o more_o every_o way_n from_o any_o sea_n yet_o it_o be_v serve_v with_o fair_a river_n and_o that_o in_o very_o great_a number_n that_o empty_v themselves_o one_o into_o another_o run_v all_o into_o the_o sea_n their_o lake_n be_v many_o and_o large_a some_o of_o 60._o 80._o 100_o and_o 200._o mile_n long_o with_o breadth_n proportionate_a the_o chief_n river_n be_v these_o 1._o volgha_n that_o have_v his_o head_n or_o spring_n at_o the_o root_n of_o a_o aldertree_n about_o 200._o verse_v above_o yaruslave_n and_o grow_v so_o big_a by_o the_o increase_n of_o other_o river_n by_o that_o time_n it_o come_v thither_o that_o it_o be_v broad_a a_o english_a mile_n and_o more_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 2800._o verse_v or_o mile_n of_o length_n the_o next_o be_v boristhenes_n now_o call_v neper_n that_o divide_v the_o country_n from_o lituania_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o euxin_n sea_n the_o three_o tanais_n or_o don_n the_o ancient_a bounder_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n that_o take_v his_o head_n out_o of_o rezan_n ozera_n and_o so_o run_v through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n fall_v into_o the_o great_a sea_n lake_n or_o mear_v call_v maeotis_n by_o the_o city_n of_o azou_n by_o this_o river_n as_o the_o ruff_n report_v you_o may_v pass_v from_o their_o city_n mosko_n to_o constantinople_n and_o so_o into_o all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o water_n draw_v your_o boat_n as_o their_o manner_n be_v over_o a_o little_a isthmus_n or_o narrow_a slip_n of_o land_n a_o few_o verst_n overthwart_o which_o be_v prove_v not_o long_o since_o by_o a_o ambassador_n send_v to_o constantinople_n who_o pass_v the_o river_n of_o moskua_n and_o so_o into_o another_o call_v ocka_fw-mi whence_o he_o draw_v his_o boat_n over_o into_o tanais_n and_o thence_o pass_v the_o whole_a way_n by_o water_n the_o four_o be_v call_v duyna_n many_o hundred_o mile_n long_o that_o fall_v northward_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o saint_n nicholas_n and_o have_v great_a
be_v ever_o note_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o his_o war_n and_o namely_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o vobsko_n about_o eight_o year_n since_o where_o he_o repulse_v the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n of_o 100000._o man_n and_o force_v he_o in_o the_o end_n to_o give_v over_o his_o siege_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o best_a captain_n and_o soldier_n put_v in_o a_o set_a field_n the_o ruff_n be_v note_v to_o have_v ever_o the_o worse_a of_o the_o polonian_a and_o sweden_n if_o any_o behave_v himself_o more_o valiant_o than_o the_o rest_n or_o do_v any_o special_a piece_n of_o service_n the_o emperor_n send_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n stamp_v with_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n george_n on_o horseback_n which_o they_o hang_v on_o their_o sleeve_n and_o set_v in_o their_o cap_n and_o this_o be_v account_v the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v receive_v for_o any_o service_n they_o do_v chap._n xviii_o of_o their_o colony_n and_o maintain_v of_o their_o conquest_n or_o purchase_n by_o force_n the_o russee_n emperor_n of_o late_a year_n have_v very_o much_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n and_o territory_n their_o first_o conquest_n after_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mosko_n for_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v but_o duke_n of_o volodomer_n as_o before_o be_v say_v be_v the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o novograd_n on_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_o side_n which_o be_v no_o small_a enlargement_n of_o their_o dominion_n and_o strengthen_v to_o they_o for_o the_o win_n of_o the_o rest_n this_o be_v do_v by_o juan_n great_a grandfather_n to_o theodore_n now_o emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 1480._o the_o same_o begin_v likewise_o to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o country_n of_o lituania_n and_o livonia_n but_o the_o conquest_n only_o intend_v and_o attempt_v by_o he_o upon_o some_o part_n of_o those_o country_n be_v pursue_v and_o perform_v by_o his_o son_n basileus_n who_o first_o win_v the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o plesko_n afterward_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n and_o many_o other_o fair_a town_n with_o a_o large_a territory_n belong_v unto_o they_o about_o the_o year_n 1514._o these_o victory_n against_o the_o lettoe_n or_o lituanian_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n their_o duke_n he_o achieve_v rather_o by_o advantage_n of_o civil_a dissension_n and_o treason_n among_o themselves_o then_o by_o any_o great_a policy_n or_o force_v of_o his_o own_o but_o all_o this_o be_v lose_v again_o by_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n past_a upon_o composition_n with_o the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n whereunto_o he_o be_v force_v by_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v then_o of_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o foil_n he_o have_v give_v he_o before_o and_o the_o disquietness_n of_o his_o own_o state_n at_o home_n only_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n at_o this_o time_n have_v leave_v he_o on_o that_o side_n his_o country_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n vitobsko_fw-mi cheringo_n and_o beala_n gorod_v in_o lituania_n in_o livonia_n not_o a_o town_n nor_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n when_o basileus_n first_o conquer_v those_o country_n he_o suffer_v the_o native_n to_o keep_v their_o possession_n and_o to_o inhabit_v all_o their_o town_n only_o pay_v he_o a_o tribute_n under_o the_o government_n of_o his_o ruff_n captain_n but_o by_o their_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_n not_o long_o after_o he_o be_v teach_v to_o deal_v more_o sure_o with_o they_o and_o so_o come_v upon_o they_o the_o second_o time_n he_o kill_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o he_o three_o part_n of_o four_o which_o he_o give_v or_o sell_v to_o the_o tartar_n that_o serve_v he_o in_o those_o war_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o they_o place_v there_o his_o russes_z so_o many_o as_o may_v overmatch_v the_o rest_n with_o certain_a garrison_n of_o strength_n beside_o wherein_o notwithstanding_o this_o oversight_n be_v commit_v for_o that_o take_v away_o with_o he_o the_o upland_n or_o country_n people_n that_o shall_v have_v till_v the_o ground_n and_o may_v easy_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o order_n without_o any_o danger_n by_o other_o good_a policy_n he_o be_v drive_v afterward_o many_o year_n together_o to_o victual_v the_o country_n special_o the_o great_a town_n out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n of_o russia_n the_o soil_n lie_v there_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n waste_v and_o untilled_a the_o like_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o port_n of_o narue_v in_o liefland_n where_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n devise_v to_o build_v a_o town_n and_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n call_v juan_n gorod_v to_o keep_v the_o town_n and_o country_n in_o subjection_n the_o castle_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o build_v and_o fortify_v that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v invincible_a and_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v for_o reward_v to_o the_o architect_n that_o be_v a_o polonian_a he_o put_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n to_o make_v he_o unable_a to_o build_v the_o like_a again_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o native_n all_o within_o their_o own_o country_n without_o abate_v their_o number_n or_o strength_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n not_o long_o after_o be_v betray_v and_o surrender_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o south-east-side_n they_o have_v get_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a these_o be_v win_v from_o the_o tartar_n by_o the_o late_a emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n father_n to_o the_o emperor_n that_o now_o be_v the_o one_o about_o 35._o the_o other_o about_o 33._o year_n ago_o northward_o out_o of_o the_o country_n of_o siberia_n he_o have_v lay_v unto_o his_o realm_n a_o great_a breadth_n and_o length_n of_o ground_n from_o wichida_n to_o the_o river_n of_o obba_n about_o a_o 1000_o mile_n space_n so_o that_o he_o be_v bold_a to_o write_v himself_o now_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o siberia_n the_o country_n likewise_o of_o permia_n and_o pechora_n be_v a_o divers_a people_n and_o language_n from_o the_o ruff_n overcome_v not_o long_o since_o and_o that_o rather_o by_o threaten_v and_o shake_v of_o the_o sword_n then_o by_o any_o actual_a source_n as_o be_v a_o weak_a and_o naked_a people_n without_o mean_n to_o resist_v that_o which_o the_o ruff_n have_v in_o his_o present_a possession_n he_o keep_v on_o this_o sort_n in_o his_o four_a chief_n border_n town_n of_o vobsko_n smolensko_fw-mi astâ—acan_a and_o cazan_n he_o have_v certain_a of_o his_o counsel_n not_o of_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o of_o great_a trust_n which_o have_v more_o authority_n within_o their_o precinct_n for_o the_o countenance_v and_o strengthen_v of_o their_o government_n there_o than_o the_o other_o duke_n that_o be_v set_v to_o govern_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v note_v before_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v their_o province_n these_o he_o change_v sometime_o every_o year_n sometime_o every_o second_o or_o three_o year_n but_o exceed_v not_o that_o time_n except_o upon_o very_o special_a trust_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o party_n and_o his_o service_n lest_o by_o enlarge_n of_o their_o time_n they_o may_v grow_v into_o some_o familiarity_n with_o the_o enemy_n as_o some_o have_v do_v be_v so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n the_o town_n beside_o be_v very_o strong_o fence_v with_o trench_n castle_n and_o store_n of_o munition_n and_o have_v garrison_n within_o they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o apiece_o they_o be_v store_v with_o victual_n if_o any_o siege_n shall_v come_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n beforehand_o the_o four_o castle_n of_o smolensko_n vobsko_fw-mi cazan_n and_o astracan_a he_o have_v make_v very_o strong_a to_o bear_v out_o any_o siege_n so_o that_o it_o be_v think_v that_o those_o town_n be_v impregnable_a as_o for_o the_o country_n of_o pechora_n and_o permia_n and_o that_o part_n of_o siberia_n which_o he_o have_v now_o under_o he_o they_o be_v keep_v by_o as_o easy_a mean_n as_o they_o be_v first_o get_v viz._n rather_o by_o show_v then_o by_o use_v of_o arm_n first_o he_o have_v store_v the_o country_n with_o as_o many_o russes_z as_o there_o be_v native_n and_o have_v there_o some_o few_o soldier_n in_o garrison_n enough_o to_o â—eep_v they_o under_o second_o his_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n there_o be_v of_o his_o own_o ruff_n people_n and_o he_o change_v they_o very_o often_o viz._n every_o year_n twice_o or_o thrice_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o great_a fear_n of_o any_o innovation_n three_o he_o divide_v they_o into_o many_o small_a government_n like_o a_o staff_n break_v in_o many_o small_a piece_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o strength_n be_v sever_v which_o be_v but_o little_a neither_o when_o they_o be_v all_o in_o one_o four_o he_o provide_v that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n have_v neither_o armour_n
alabaster_n rock_n on_o the_o bank_n towards_o the_o seaside_n the_o five_o duna_n that_o empty_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n by_o the_o town_n riga_n the_o six_o onega_n that_o fall_v into_o the_o bay_n at_o solovetsko_fw-mi 90._o verse_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n nicholas_n this_o river_n below_o the_o town_n cargapolia_fw-la meet_v with_o the_o river_n volock_n that_o fall_v iâ—…_n the_o finland_n sea_n by_o the_o town_n yama_n so_o that_o from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n nicholas_n into_o the_o finland_n sea_n and_o so_o into_o the_o sound_n you_o may_v pass_v all_o by_o water_n as_o have_v be_v try_v by_o the_o ruff_n the_o seven_o suchana_n that_o flow_v into_o duyna_n and_o so_o into_o the_o north_n sea_n the_o eight_o ocka_fw-mi that_o fetch_v his_o head_n from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o chrim_n and_o stream_v into_o volgha_n the_o nine_o moskua_n that_o run_v through_o the_o city_n mosko_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n there_o be_v wichida_n also_o a_o very_a large_a and_o long_a river_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o permia_n and_o fall_v into_o volgha_n all_o these_o be_v river_n of_o very_a large_a stream_n the_o least_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o thames_n in_o bigness_n and_o in_o length_n far_o more_o beside_o divers_a other_o the_o pole_n at_o mosko_n be_v 55._o degree_n 10._o minute_n at_o the_o port_n of_o s._n nicholas_n towards_o the_o north_n 63._o degree_n and_o 50._o minute_n chap._n iii_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n for_o kind_n of_o fruit_n they_o have_v apple_n pear_n plum_n cherry_n red_a and_o black_a but_o the_o black_a wild_a a_o deen_n like_o a_o musk-millian_a but_o more_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a cucumber_n and_o goord_n which_o they_o call_v arbouse_n rasp_v strawberry_n and_o hurtilberry_n with_o many_o other_o berry_n in_o great_a quantity_n in_o every_o wood_n and_o hedge_n their_o kind_n of_o grain_n be_v wheat_n rye_n barley_n oat_n pease_n buckway_n psnytha_fw-mi that_o in_o taste_n be_v somewhat_o like_a to_o rice_n of_o all_o these_o grain_n the_o country_n yield_v very_o sufficient_a with_o a_o overplus_n quantity_n so_o that_o wheat_n be_v sell_v sometime_o for_o two_o alteen_n or_o ten_o penny_n starling_n the_o chetfird_n which_o make_v almost_o three_o english_a bushel_n their_o rye_n be_v sow_v before_o the_o winter_n all_o their_o other_o grain_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o may._n the_o permian_o and_o some_o other_o that_o dwell_v far_o north_n and_o in_o desert_n place_n be_v serve_v from_o the_o part_n that_o lie_v more_o southward_o and_o be_v force_v to_o make_v bread_n sometime_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o root_n call_v vaghnoy_n and_o of_o the_o middle_a rind_n of_o the_o fir_n tree_n if_o there_o be_v any_o dearth_n as_o they_o account_v this_o last_o year_n an._n 1588._o wheat_n and_o rye_n be_v at_o 13._o alteen_n or_o 5._o shilling_n 5._o penny_n sterling_a the_o chetfird_n the_o fault_n be_v rather_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o nobility_n that_o use_n to_o engross_v it_o then_o in_o the_o country_n itself_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n wherewith_o they_o serve_v both_o their_o own_o turn_n and_o send_v much_o abroad_o to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o people_n be_v many_o and_o substantial_a first_o fur_n of_o all_o sort_n wherein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o provide_v a_o natural_a remedy_n for_o they_o to_o help_v the_o natural_a inconvenience_n of_o their_o country_n by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o climate_n their_o chief_a fur_n be_v these_o black_a fox_n sables_n lusernes_n dunne_n fox_n martrones_n gurnestalle_n or_o armin_n laset_n or_o miniver_n bever_n wulverin_n the_o skin_n of_o a_o great_a water_n rat_n that_o smell_v natural_o like_o musk_n calaber_n or_o grace_n squirrel_n red_a squirrel_n red_a and_o white_a fox_n beside_o the_o great_a quantity_n spend_v within_o the_o country_n the_o people_n be_v clad_v all_o in_o fur_n the_o whole_a winter_n there_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o country_n some_o year_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o turkey_n persia_n bougharia_n georgia_n armenia_n and_o some_o other_o of_o christendom_n 10._o the_o value_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o rubbel_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o merchant_n the_o best_a sable_a fur_n grow_v in_o the_o country_n of_o pechora_n momgosorkoy_n and_o obderskoy_n the_o worse_a sort_n in_o siberia_n perm_n and_o other_o place_n the_o black_a fox_n and_o red_a come_v out_o of_o siberia_n white_a and_o dun_a from_o pechora_n whence_o also_o come_v the_o white_a wolf_n and_o white_a bear_n skin_n the_o best_a wulverin_n also_o thence_o and_o from_o perm_n the_o best_a martron_n be_v from_o siberia_n cadam_fw-la morum_fw-la perm_n and_o cazan_n lysern_n minever_n and_o armin_n the_o best_a be_v out_o of_o gallet_n and_o ouglites_n many_o from_o novogred_a and_o perm_n the_o beaver_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n breed_v in_o murmonskey_n by_o cola._n other_o common_a fur_n and_o most_o of_o these_o kind_n grow_v in_o many_o and_o some_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o second_o commoditiâ—…_n of_o wax_n whereof_o have_v be_v ship_v into_o 〈…〉_z in_o country_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v iâ—_n report_v by_o those_o that_o best_o â—now_v it_o the_o sum_n of_o 50000._o pood_n yearly_a every_o pood_n contain_v 40._o pound_n but_o now_o about_o 10000_o pood_n a_o year_n the_o three_o be_v their_o honey_n whereof_o beside_o a_o exceed_a great_a quantity_n spend_v in_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n which_o be_v â—ead_a of_o all_o sort_n and_o their_o other_o use_n some_o good_a quantity_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o chief_a increase_n of_o honey_n be_v in_o merdua_n and_o cadam_fw-la near_o to_o the_o cheremissen_n tartar_n much_o out_o of_o severskoy_n rezan_n mâ—rum_n cazan_n derogobose_n and_o vasma_n four_o of_o tallow_n they_o afford_v a_o great_a weight_n for_o transportation_n not_o only_o for_o that_o their_o country_n have_v very_o much_o good_a ground_n apt_a for_o pasturage_n of_o cattle_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o many_o lent_n and_o other_o fast_n and_o partly_o because_o their_o great_a man_n use_v much_o wax_n for_o their_o light_n the_o poor_a and_o mean_a sort_n birch_n dry_v in_o their_o stove_n and_o cut_v into_o long_a shâ—vers_n which_o they_o call_v luchineos_fw-la of_o tallow_n there_o have_v be_v ship_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n a_o few_o year_n since_o about_o a_o 100000._o pood_n yearly_a now_o not_o past_o 30000._o or_o thereabouts_o the_o best_a yield_v of_o tallow_n be_v in_o the_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o smolensko_n yaruslave_n ouglits_n novogrod_n and_o vologda_n otfer_n and_o gorodet_n skey_n another_o principal_a commodity_n be_v their_o losh_n and_o cow_n hide_v their_o losh_n or_o buff_n hide_n be_v very_o fair_a and_o large_a their_o bull_n and_o cow_n hide_v for_o ox_n they_o make_v none_o neither_o yet_o weather_n 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dent_n or_o notch_n at_o every_o corner_n and_o so_o clasp_v fast_o together_o betwixt_o the_o tree_n or_o timber_n they_o thrust_v in_o moss_n whereof_o they_o gather_v plenty_n in_o their_o wood_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o air_n every_o house_n have_v a_o pair_n of_o stair_n that_o lead_v up_o into_o the_o chamber_n out_o of_o the_o yard_n of_o street_n after_o the_o scottish_a manner_n this_o building_n seem_v far_o better_o for_o their_o country_n then_o that_o of_o stone_n and_o brick_n as_o be_v cold_a and_o more_o dampish_a than_o their_o wooden_a house_n special_o of_o fir_n that_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o warm_a wood_n whereof_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n have_v give_v they_o such_o store_n as_o that_o you_o may_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n for_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o rubbel_n or_o little_o more_o where_o wood_n be_v most_o scant_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o their_o wooden_a building_n be_v the_o aptness_n for_o fire_v which_o happen_v very_o oft_o and_o in_o very_o 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viz._n the_o whole_a stock_n and_o race_n conclude_v in_o one_o two_o or_o some_o few_o of_o the_o blood_n for_o beside_o the_o emperor_n that_o now_o be_v who_o have_v no_o child_n neither_o be_v like_a ever_o to_o have_v for_o aught_o that_o may_v be_v conjecture_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o barennesse_n of_o his_o wife_n after_o so_o many_o year_n marriage_n there_o be_v but_o one_o more_o viz._n a_o child_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n old_a in_o who_o rest_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o the_o posterity_n of_o that_o house_n as_o for_o the_o other_o brother_n that_o be_v elder_a of_o the_o three_o and_o of_o the_o best_a towardness_n he_o die_v of_o a_o blow_n give_v he_o by_o his_o father_n upon_o the_o head_n in_o his_o fury_n with_o his_o walk_a staff_n or_o as_o some_o say_v of_o a_o thrust_n with_o the_o prong_n of_o it_o drive_v deep_a into_o his_o head_n that_o he_o mean_v he_o no_o such_o mortal_a harm_n when_o he_o give_v he_o the_o blow_n may_v appear_v by_o his_o mourning_n and_o passion_n after_o his_o son_n death_n which_o never_o leave_v he_o till_o it_o bring_v he_o to_o the_o grave_n wherein_o may_v be_v mark_v the_o justice_n of_o god_n that_o punish_v his_o delight_n in_o shed_v of_o blood_n with_o this_o murder_n of_o his_o son_n by_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o end_v his_o day_n and_o tyranny_n together_o with_o the_o murder_n of_o himself_o by_o extreme_a grief_n for_o this_o his_o unhappy_a and_o unnatural_a fact_n the_o emperor_n young_a brother_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n old_a as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o remote_a place_n from_o the_o mosko_n under_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o mother_n &_o her_o kindred_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nagay_n yet_o not_o safe_a as_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o attempt_n of_o make_v away_o by_o practice_n of_o some_o that_o aspire_v to_o the_o succession_n if_o this_o emperor_n die_v without_o any_o issue_n the_o nurse_n that_o taste_v before_o he_o of_o certain_a meat_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v die_v present_o that_o he_o be_v natural_a son_n to_o ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o ruff_n people_n warrant_v it_o by_o the_o father_n quality_n that_o begin_v to_o appear_v already_o in_o his_o tender_a year_n he_o be_v delight_v they_o say_v to_o see_v sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n kill_v and_o to_o look_v on_o their_o throat_n while_o they_o be_v bleed_v which_o common_o child_n be_v afraid_a to_o behold_v and_o to_o beat_v goose_n and_o hen_n with_o a_o staff_n till_o he_o see_v they_o lie_v dead_a beside_o these_o of_o the_o male_a kind_n there_o be_v a_o widow_n that_o have_v right_a in_o the_o succession_n sister_n to_o the_o old_a emperor_n and_o aunt_n to_o this_o man_n sometime_o wife_n to_o magnus_n duke_n of_o holâ—t_n brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n by_o who_o she_o have_v one_o daughter_n this_o woman_n since_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n have_v be_v allure_v again_o into_o russia_n by_o 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that_o they_o practise_v treason_n with_o the_o polonian_a and_o chrim_n whereupon_o he_o execute_v some_o and_o devise_v this_o way_n to_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o wicked_a policy_n and_o tyrannous_a practice_n though_o now_o it_o be_v cease_v have_v so_o trouble_v that_o country_n and_o fill_v it_o so_o full_a of_o grâ—…dge_n and_o mortal_a hatred_n ever_o since_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v quench_v as_o it_o seem_v now_o till_o it_o burn_v again_o into_o a_o civil_a flame_n 3_o have_v thus_o pull_v they_o and_o seize_v all_o their_o inheritance_n land_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n save_v some_o very_a small_a part_n which_o he_o leave_v to_o their_o name_n he_o give_v they_o other_o land_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o pomestnoy_n as_o they_o call_v it_o that_o be_v hold_v at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n lie_v far_o off_o in_o another_o country_n and_o so_o remove_v they_o into_o other_o of_o his_o province_n where_o they_o may_v have_v neither_o favour_n nor_o authority_n not_o be_v native_a nor_o well_o know_v there_o so_o that_o now_o these_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n call_v udelney_n knazey_n be_v equal_v with_o the_o rest_n save_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v of_o more_o account_n and_o keep_v still_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o place_n in_o all_o their_o public_a meeting_n their_o practice_n to_o keep_v down_o these_o house_n from_o rise_v again_o and_o recover_v their_o dignity_n be_v these_o and_o such_o like_a first_o many_o of_o their_o heir_n be_v keep_v unmarried_a perforce_o that_o the_o stock_n may_v die_v with_o they_o some_o be_v send_v into_o siberia_n cazan_n and_o astracan_a under_o pretence_n of_o service_n and_o there_o either_o make_v away_o or_o else_o fast_o clap_v up_o some_o be_v put_v into_o abbey_n and_o shear_v themselves_o friar_n by_o pretence_n of_o a_o vow_n to_o be_v make_v voluntary_a and_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n but_o indeed_o force_v unto_o it_o by_o fear_n upon_o some_o pretend_a crime_n object_v against_o they_o where_o they_o be_v so_o guard_v by_o some_o of_o special_a trust_n and_o the_o covent_n itself_o upon_o who_o head_n it_o stand_v that_o they_o make_v no_o escape_n as_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hope_n but_o to_o end_v their_o life_n there_o of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o of_o very_o great_a nobility_n these_o and_o such_o like_a way_n begin_v by_o the_o emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n be_v still_o practise_v by_o the_o godonoes_n who_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o empress_n their_o kinswoman_n rule_v both_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o realm_n special_o borris_n federowich_n godonoe_n brother_n to_o the_o empress_n and_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o cut_v off_o or_o keep_v keep_v down_o all_o of_o the_o best_a and_o ancient_a nobility_n whereof_o divers_a already_o they_o have_v take_v away_o who_o they_o think_v likely_a to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o and_o to_o hinder_v their_o purpose_n as_o knez_fw-fr andrea_n guraken_n bulgatkove_n a_o man_n of_o great_a birth_n 〈◊〉_d authority_n in_o the_o country_n the_o like_a they_o have_v do_v with_o peter_n gollauni_fw-la who_o they_o put_v into_o a_o dungeon_n where_o 〈…〉_z end_v his_o life_n with_o knez_n vasilieury_n which_o golloâ—hen_o with_o andrieu_n juanowich_n suskoy_n account_v among_o they_o for_o a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a wisdom_n so_o this_o last_o year_n be_v kill_v in_o a_o monastery_n whither_o they_o have_v thrust_v he_o on_o kâ—…_n juan_n petrowich_n saskoy_n a_o man_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o service_n in_o that_o country_n who_o about_o five_o or_o six_o year_n since_o bare_v out_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o city_n vobskn_o make_v by_o stepan_n batore_n king_n of_o polonin_n with_o a_o 100000._o man_n and_o repulse_v he_o very_o valiant_o with_o great_a honour_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n and_o disgrace_n to_o the_o polonian_a also_o micheta_n romanowich_n uncle_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v die_v of_o poison_n or_o some_o liâ—e_z practice_n the_o name_n of_o these_o family_n of_o great_a nobility_n be_v these_o in_o their_o order_n the_o first_o be_v of_o knez_fw-fr volâ—…_n which_o rest_v at_o this_o time_n in_o one_o daughter_n a_o widow_n and_o without_o child_n mention_v before_o sometime_o wife_n to_o hartock_n magnus_n brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n now_o close_v within_o a_o nunnery_n the_o 2._o knez_fw-fr metheloskey_n thrust_v into_o a_o friary_n and_o his_o only_a son_n keep_v from_o marriage_n to_o decay_v the_o house_n the_o 3._o cliâ—skoy_n but_o one_o leave_v of_o his_o house_n and_o he_o without_o child_n save_o one_o daughter_n the_o 4._o suskoy_n whereof_o there_o be_v four_o brethren_n young_a man_n and_o unmarried_a all_o the_o 5._o hubetskoy_n of_o this_o house_n be_v four_o live_v the_o 〈◊〉_d bulgalâ—y_o now_o call_v guletchey_n house_n whereof_o be_v five_o live_v but_o youth_n all_o the_o 7._o vorallinskoy_n two_o leave_v of_o that_o stock_n the_o 8._o odokâ—key_n two_o the_o 9_o telletskoy_n one_o the_o 10._o taytove_n three_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a family_n call_v udelney_n knazey_n that_o in_o effect_n have_v lose_v all_o now_o save_o the_o very_a name_n itself_o and_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v like_o one_o day_n to_o restore_v they_o again_o if_o any_o be_v leave_v the_o 2._o degree_n of_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o boiarens_n these_o be_v such_o as_o the_o emperor_n honour_v beside_o their_o nobility_n with_o the_o title_n of_o counsellor_n the_o revenue_n of_o these_o two_o soâ—â—_n of_o their_o noble_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o their_o land_n assign_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o hold_v at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o of_o their_o own_o inheritance_n there_o be_v little_o leave_v they_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v about_o a_o thousand_o mark_n a_o year_n beside_o pension_n which_o they_o receive_v of_o the_o emperor_n for_o their_o service_n in_o his_o war_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o 700_o rubble_n a_o year_n and_o none_o above_o that_o sum_n but_o in_o this_o number_n the_o lord_n borris_n federowich_n godonoe_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v that_o be_v like_o a_o transcendent_a and_o in_o no_o such_o predicament_n with_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o emperor_n brother_n in_o law_n his_o protector_n for_o direction_n for_o command_v and_o authority_n emperor_n of_o russia_n his_o yearly_a revenue_n in_o land_n and_o pension_n amount_v to_o the_o sum_n of_o 93700._o rubbel_n and_o more_o as_o appear_z by_o the_o particular_n he_o have_v of_o inheritance_n which_o himself_o have_v augment_v in_o vasma_n dorogobose_n six_o thousand_o rubbel_n a_o year_n for_o his_o office_n of_o connick_n or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n 1200._o rubbel_n or_o mark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o conaslue_n sloboday_o or_o the_o liberty_n pertain_v to_o that_o office_n which_o be_v certain_a land_n and_o town_n near_o about_o the_o mosko_n beside_o all_o the_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n on_o both_o side_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mosko_n thirty_o verse_v up_o the_o stream_n and_o forty_o verse_v downward_o for_o his_o pension_n of_o the_o emperor_n beside_o the_o other_o for_o his_o office_n 15000._o rubbel_n out_o of_o the_o province_n or_o shire_n of_o vagha_n there_o be_v give_v he_o for_o a_o peculiar_a exempt_v out_o of_o the_o chetfird_n of_o posolskoy_n 32000._o rubbel_n beside_o a_o rent_n of_o fur_n out_o of_o rezan_n and_o sever_n another_o peculiar_a 30000._o rubbel_n out_o of_o otfer_n and_o turiock_n another_o exempt_a place_n 8000_o rubbel_n for_o rend_v of_o bathstove_n and_o bathe_a house_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o mosko_n 1500._o rubbel_n beside_o his_o pome_a or_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n which_o far_o exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o land_n allot_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n one_o other_o there_o be_v of_o the_o house_n of_o glinskoy_n that_o dispend_v in_o land_n and_o pension_n about_o 40000._o rubbel_n yearly_a which_o he_o be_v suffer_v to_o enjoy_v because_o he_o have_v marry_v borris_n his_o wife_n sister_n be_v himself_o very_o simple_a and_o almost_o a_o natural_a the_o order_n of_o he_o and_o his_o land_n be_v commit_v to_o borris_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v the_o voyavodey_n or_o such_o noble_n as_o be_v or_o have_v be_v general_n in_o the_o emperor_n war_n which_o deliver_v the_o honour_n of_o their_o title_n to_o their_o posterity_n also_o 〈◊〉_d who_o take_v their_o place_n above_o the_o other_o duke_n and_o noble_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n viz._n of_o the_o vdelney_n knazey_n and_o of_o the_o boiarens_n these_o three_o degree_n of_o their_o nobility_n to_o wit_n the_o udelney_n knazey_a the_o boiarens_n and_o the_o voiavodey_n have_v the_o addition_n of_o
which_o put_v under_o their_o surname_n as_o borris_n federowich_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o note_n of_o honour_n that_o the_o rest_n may_v not_o usurp_v and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o add_v in_o the_o name_n of_o they_o they_o may_v sue_v the_o bestch_a or_o penalty_n of_o dishonour_n upon_o they_o that_o otherwise_o shall_v term_v they_o the_o four_o and_o low_a degree_n of_o nobility_n with_o they_o be_v of_o such_o as_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o knazey_n or_o duke_n but_o come_v of_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o those_o chief_a house_n through_o many_o descent_n and_o have_v no_o inheritance_n of_o their_o own_o save_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n of_o duke_n only_o for_o their_o order_n be_v to_o deliver_v their_o name_n and_o title_n of_o their_o dignity_n over_o to_o all_o their_o child_n alike_o whatsoever_o else_o they_o leave_v they_o so_o that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o voiavodey_n or_o general_n in_o the_o field_n be_v call_v voiavodey_n though_o they_o never_o see_v the_o field_n and_o the_o son_n of_o a_o knez_n or_o duke_n be_v call_v knazey_n though_o they_o have_v not_o one_o groat_n of_o inheritance_n or_o livelihood_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o withal_o of_o this_o sort_n there_o be_v so_o many_o that_o the_o plenty_n make_v they_o cheap_a so_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v duke_n glad_a to_o serve_v a_o mean_a man_n for_o five_o or_o six_o rubbel_n or_o mark_n a_o year_n and_o yet_o they_o will_v stand_v high_o upon_o their_o bestch_a or_o reputation_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o these_o be_v their_o several_a degree_n of_o nobility_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o person_n be_v of_o their_o sina_n boiarskey_n or_o the_o son_n of_o gentleman_n which_o all_o be_v prefer_v and_o hold_v that_o name_n by_o their_o service_n in_o the_o emperor_n war_n be_v soldier_n by_o their_o very_a stock_n and_o birth_n to_o which_o order_n be_v refer_v their_o dyack_n or_o secretary_n that_o serve_v the_o emperor_n in_o every_o head_n town_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o that_o place_n the_o last_o be_v their_o commons_o who_o they_o call_v mousick_n in_o which_o number_n they_o reckon_v their_o merchant_n and_o their_o common_a artificer_n the_o very_o low_a and_o base_a sort_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o no_o degree_n be_v their_o country_n people_n who_o they_o call_v christianeis_n of_o the_o sina_n boiarskey_n which_o be_v all_o soldier_n we_o be_v to_o see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o their_o force_n and_o military_a provision_n concern_v their_o mousick_n what_o their_o condition_n and_o behaviour_n be_v in_o the_o title_n or_o chapter_n of_o the_o common_a people_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o government_n of_o their_o province_n and_o shire_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o russia_n as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n which_o they_o call_v chetfird_n or_o tetrarchy_n every_o chetfird_n contain_v divers_a shire_n and_o be_v annex_v to_o a_o several_a office_n whereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n the_o first_o chetfird_n or_o tetrarchie_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o pososkoy_n chetfird_n or_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o office_n of_o ambassage_n and_o at_o this_o time_n be_v under_o the_o chief_a secretary_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o ambassage_n call_v andrea_n shalcalove_n the_o stand_a fee_n or_o stipend_n that_o he_o receive_v yearly_a of_o the_o emperor_n for_o this_o service_n be_v 100_o rubbel_n or_o mark_n the_o second_o be_v call_v the_o roseradney_n chetfird_n because_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o roserade_n or_o high_a constable_n at_o this_o time_n it_o pertain_v by_o virtue_n of_o office_n to_o basilie_o shalcolove_n brother_n to_o the_o chancellor_n but_o it_o be_v execute_v by_o one_o zapon_n abramove_v his_o pension_n be_v a_o hundred_o rubbel_n yearly_a the_o three_o be_v the_o chetfird_n of_o pomestnoy_n as_o pertain_v to_o that_o office_n this_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o all_o land_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o service_n to_o his_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o giveth_z out_z and_o take_v in_o all_o assurance_n for_o they_o the_o officer_n at_o this_o time_n be_v call_v eleazar_n wellusgine_v his_o stipend_n be_v 500_o rubbel_n a_o year_n the_o four_o be_v call_v cassanskoy_n dworet_n as_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o office_n that_o have_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a with_o the_o other_o town_n lie_v upon_o the_o volgha_n now_o order_v by_o one_o druzhine_fw-mi pentcleove_fw-mi a_o man_n of_o very_o special_a account_n among_o they_o for_o his_o wisdom_n and_o promptness_n in_o matter_n of_o policy_n his_o pension_n be_v 150._o rubbel_n a_o year_n from_o these_o chetfird_n or_o tetrarchy_n be_v exempt_v the_o emperor_n inheritance_n or_o vochin_n as_o they_o call_v it_o for_o that_o it_o pertain_v from_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o house_n of_o beala_n which_o be_v the_o surname_n of_o the_o imperial_a blood_n this_o stand_v of_o 36._o town_n with_o their_o bound_n or_o territory_n besides_o divers_a peculiar_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v likewise_o deduct_v out_o of_o those_o chetfird_n as_o the_o shire_n of_o vagha_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n borrise_n federâ—wich_n godonoe_n and_o such_o like_a these_o be_v the_o chief_a governor_n oâ—_n officer_n of_o the_o province_n not_o resident_a at_o their_o charge_n abroad_o but_o attend_v the_o emperor_n whithersoever_o 〈◊〉_d go_v and_o carry_v their_o office_n about_o with_o they_o which_o for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n they_o hold_v at_o mosko_n as_o the_o emperor_n chief_a seat_n the_o part_n and_o practice_n of_o these_o four_o officeo_fw-la be_v to_o receive_v all_o complaint_n and_o action_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o their_o several_a chetfird_n and_o quarter_n and_o to_o inform_v they_o to_o the_o emperor_n counsel_n likewise_o to_o send_v direction_n again_o to_o those_o that_o be_v under_o they_o in_o their_o say_a province_n for_o all_o matter_n give_v in_o charge_n by_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o counsel_n to_o be_v do_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n within_o their_o precinct_n for_o the_o order_n of_o every_o particular_a province_n of_o these_o four_o chetfird_n there_o be_v appoint_v one_o of_o these_o duke_n which_o be_v reckon_v before_o in_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o their_o nobility_n which_o be_v resident_a in_o the_o head_n town_n of_o the_o say_a province_n whereof_o every_o one_o have_v join_v with_o he_o in_o commission_n a_o dyack_n or_o secretary_n to_o assist_v he_o or_o rather_o to_o direct_v he_o for_o in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o commission_n the_o dyack_n do_v all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o commission_n be_v these_o in_o effect_n first_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o civil_a matter_n within_o their_o precinct_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v under_o they_o certain_a officer_n as_o gubnoy_v staret_n or_o coroner_n who_o beside_o the_o trial_n of_o self-murder_n be_v to_o attach_v felon_n and_o the_o soudiae_fw-la or_o under-justice_n who_o themselves_o also_o may_v hear_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n among_o the_o country_n people_n of_o their_o own_o ward_n or_o bailiwick_n but_o so_o that_o in_o case_n either_o party_n dissent_n they_o may_v appeal_v and_o go_v further_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o dyack_n that_o reside_v within_o the_o head_n town_n from_o who_o also_o they_o may_v remove_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o high_a court_n at_o mosko_n of_o the_o emperor_n counsel_n where_o lie_v all_o appeal_n they_o have_v under_o they_o also_o sotskey_n staret_n that_o be_v alderman_n or_o balive_v of_o the_o hundred_o second_o in_o all_o criminal_a matter_n as_o theft_n murder_n treason_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v authority_n to_o apprehend_v to_o examine_v and_o to_o imprison_v the_o malefactor_n and_o so_o have_v receive_v perfeâ—…_n evidence_n &_o information_n of_o the_o cause_n they_o be_v to_o send_v it_o ready_o draw_v and_o orderly_o digest_v up_o to_o the_o mosko_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o chetfird_n whereunto_o that_o province_n be_v annex_v by_o who_o it_o be_v refer_v and_o propound_v to_o the_o emperor_n counsel_n but_o to_o determine_v in_o any_o matter_n criminal_a or_o to_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o party_n offend_v be_v more_o than_o their_o commission_n will_v allow_v they_o to_o do_v three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o public_a service_n to_o be_v do_v within_o that_o province_n as_o the_o publish_n of_o any_o law_n or_o common_a order_n by_o way_n of_o prodamation_n collect_v of_o tax_n and_o imposition_n for_o the_o emperor_n muster_v of_o soldier_n and_o send_v they_o forth_o at_o the_o day_n and_o to_o the_o place_n assign_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o counsel_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a perâ—…_n to_o their_o charge_n these_o duke_n and_o dyack_n be_v appoint_v to_o their_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n
nor_o money_n be_v tax_v and_o peel_v so_o often_o as_o he_o think_v good_a without_o any_o mean_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o yoke_n or_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o in_o siberia_n where_o he_o go_v on_o in_o pursue_v his_o conquest_n he_o have_v divers_a castle_n and_o garrison_n to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o thousand_o soldier_n of_o russes_z and_o polonian_n and_o send_v many_o new_a supply_n thither_o to_o plant_v and_o to_o inhabit_v as_o he_o win_v ground_n at_o this_o time_n beside_o he_o have_v get_v the_o king_n brother_n of_o siberia_n allure_v by_o certain_a of_o his_o captain_n to_o leave_v his_o own_o country_n by_o offer_n of_o great_a entertainment_n and_o pleasant_a life_n with_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n than_o he_o have_v in_o siberia_n he_o be_v bring_v in_o this_o last_o year_n and_o be_v now_o with_o the_o emperor_n at_o mosko_n well_o entertain_v this_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o ruff_n practice_v wheresoever_o he_o rule_v either_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n or_o by_o conquest_n first_o he_o bereave_v the_o country_n of_o armour_n and_o other_o mean_n of_o defence_n which_o he_o permit_v to_o none_o but_o to_o his_o boiarskeis_n only_o second_o he_o rob_v they_o continual_o of_o their_o money_n and_o dommodity_n and_o leave_v they_o hare_n with_o nothing_o but_o their_o body_n and_o life_n within_o certain_a year_n compass_n three_o he_o rent_v and_o divide_v his_o territory_n into_o many_o small_a piece_n by_o several_a government_n so_o that_o none_o have_v much_o under_o he_o to_o make_v any_o strength_n though_o he_o have_v other_o opportunity_n four_o he_o govern_v his_o country_n by_o man_n of_o small_a reputation_n and_o no_o power_n of_o themselves_o and_o stranger_n in_o those_o place_n where_o their_o government_n lie_v five_o he_o change_v his_o governor_n once_o a_o year_n ordinary_o that_o there_o grow_v no_o great_a like_n nor_o entireness_n betwixt_o the_o people_n and_o they_o nor_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o lie_v towards_o the_o border_n six_o he_o appoint_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n adversary_n governor_n the_o one_o to_o be_v as_o controller_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o duke_n and_o diack_n where_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o envy_n and_o emulation_n there_o be_v less_o hurt_n to_o be_v fear_v by_o their_o agreement_n and_o himself_o be_v better_a inform_v what_o be_v do_v amiss_o seven_o he_o send_v many_o time_n into_o every_o province_n secret_a messenger_n of_o special_a trust_n about_o he_o as_o intelligencer_n to_o pâ—iâ—_n and_o hearken_v out_o what_o be_v do_v and_o what_o be_v amiss_o there_o and_o this_o be_v ordinary_a though_o it_o be_v sudden_a and_o unknown_a what_o time_n they_o will_v come_v chap._n xix_o of_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o borderer_n to_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o who_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n their_o neighbour_n with_o who_o they_o have_v great_a deal_n and_o intercourse_n both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n be_v first_o the_o tartar_n second_o the_o polonian_a who_o the_o ruff_n call_v laches_n note_v the_o first_o author_n or_o founder_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v call_v laches_n or_o leches_n where_o unto_o be_v add_v po_n which_o signify_v people_n and_o so_o be_v make_v polache_n that_o be_v the_o people_n or_o posterity_n of_o laches_n which_o the_o latin_n after_o their_o manner_n of_o writing_n call_v polanos_fw-la the_o three_o be_v the_o swedens_fw-fr the_o polonian_n and_o swedens_fw-fr be_v herter_n know_v to_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n then_o be_v the_o tartar_n that_o be_v further_o off_o from_o we_o as_o be_v of_o asia_n and_o divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n different_a both_o in_o name_n and_o government_n one_o from_o another_o the_o great_a and_o mighty_a of_o they_o be_v the_o chrim_a tartar_n who_o some_o call_v the_o great_a cham_n that_o lie_v south_n and_o southeastward_o from_o russia_n and_o do_v most_o annoy_n the_o country_n by_o often_o invasion_n common_o once_o every_o year_n sometime_o enter_v very_o far_o within_o the_o inland_n part_n in_o the_o year_n 1571._o he_o come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 200000._o man_n without_o any_o battle_n or_o resistance_n at_o all_o for_o that_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n then_o juan_n vasilowich_n lead_v forth_o his_o army_n to_o encounter_v with_o he_o march_v a_o wrong_a way_n but_o as_o it_o be_v think_v of_o very_a purpose_n as_o not_o dare_v to_o adventure_v the_o field_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o doubt_v his_o nobility_n and_o chief_a captain_n of_o a_o meaning_n to_o betray_v he_o to_o the_o tartar_n the_o city_n he_o take_v not_o but_o fire_v the_o suburb_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o building_n which_o be_v all_o of_o wood_n without_o any_o stone_n brick_n or_o lime_n save_v certain_a outroom_n kindle_v so_o quick_o and_o go_v on_o with_o such_o rage_n as_o that_o it_o consume_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n almost_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hour_n be_v of_o 30._o mile_n or_o more_o of_o compass_n then_o may_v you_o have_v see_v a_o lamentable_a spectacle_n beside_o the_o huge_a and_o mighty_a flame_n of_o the_o city_n all_o on_o light_a fire_n the_o people_n burn_v in_o their_o house_n and_o street_n but_o most_o of_o all_o of_o such_o as_o labour_v to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o gate_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n where_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o mighty_a throng_n and_o so_o press_v every_o man_n to_o prevent_v another_o wedge_v themselves_o so_o fast_o within_o the_o gate_n and_o street_n near_o unto_o it_o as_o that_o three_o rank_n walk_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o head_n the_o uppermost_a tread_v down_o those_o that_o be_v low_a so_o that_o there_o perish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o be_v say_v by_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o press_n the_o number_n of_o 800000._o people_n or_o more_o the_o chrim_n thus_o have_v fire_v the_o city_n and_o feed_v his_o eye_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o all_o on_o a_o light_a flame_n return_v with_o his_o army_n and_o send_v to_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n a_o knife_n as_o be_v say_v to_o stick_v himself_o withal_o upbraid_v thiâ—_n less_o and_o his_o desperate_a case_n as_o not_o dare_v either_o to_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n nor_o to_o trust_v his_o friend_n or_o subject_n at_o home_o the_o prnicipall_a cause_n of_o this_o continual_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o ruff_n and_o the_o chrim_n be_v for_o the_o right_n of_o certain_a border_n part_v claim_v by_o the_o tartar_n but_o possess_v by_o the_o ruff_n the_o tartar_n allege_v that_o beside_o astracan_a &_o cazan_n that_o be_v the_o ancient_a possession_n of_o the_o east_n tartar_n the_o whole_a country_n from_o his_o bound_n north_n and_o westward_n so_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n and_o mosko_n itself_o pertain_v to_o his_o right_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v true_a by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o russes_z themselves_z that_o tell_v of_o a_o certain_a homage_n that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n every_o year_n to_o the_o great_a chrim_n or_o cham_n the_o ruff_n emperor_n stand_v on_o foot_n and_o feed_v the_o chrims_n horse_n himself_n sit_v on_o his_o back_n with_o oat_n out_o of_o his_o own_o cap_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o bowl_n or_o manger_n and_o that_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o mosko_n and_o this_o homage_n they_o say_v be_v do_v till_o the_o time_n of_o basileus_n grandfather_n to_o this_o man_n who_o surprise_v the_o chrim_a emperor_n by_o a_o stratagem_n do_v by_o one_o of_o his_o nobility_n call_v juan_n demetrowich_n belschey_n be_v content_a with_o this_o ransom_n viz._n with_o the_o change_n of_o this_o homage_n into_o a_o tribute_n of_o fur_n which_o afterward_o also_o be_v deny_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o this_o emperor_n father_n hereupon_o they_o continue_v the_o quarrel_n the_o ruff_n defend_v his_o country_n and_o that_o which_o he_o have_v win_v the_o chrim_a tartar_n invade_v he_o once_o or_o twice_o every_o year_n sometime_o about_o whitsuntide_n but_o often_o in_o harvest_n what_o time_n if_o the_o great_a cham_fw-mi or_o chrim_n come_v in_o his_o own_o person_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o great_a army_n of_o 100000._o or_o 200000._o man_n otherwise_o they_o make_v short_a and_o sudden_a road_n into_o the_o country_n with_o lesser_a number_n fun_v about_o the_o list_n of_o the_o border_n as_o wild_a goose_n fly_v invade_v and_o retire_v where_o they_o see_v advantage_n their_o common_a practice_n be_v very_o populous_a be_v to_o make_v divers_a army_n and_o so_o draw_v the_o ruff_n to_o one_o or_o two_o place_n of_o the_o frontier_n to_o invade_v at_o some_o other_o place_n that_o be_v leave_v without_o defence_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n or_o order_v of_o their_o force_n be_v
beginning_n from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v laonicus_n chalcocondylas_n the_o greek_a historiographer_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o his_o turkish_a story_n wherein_o he_o follow_v divers_a very_o probable_a conjecture_n the_o first_o take_v from_o the_o very_a name_n itself_o for_o that_o the_o word_n turk_n signify_v a_o shepherd_n or_o one_o that_o follow_v a_o vagrant_a and_o wild_a kind_n of_o life_n by_o which_o name_n these_o scythian_a tartar_n have_v ever_o be_v note_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scythian_a shepherd_n his_o second_o reason_n because_o the_o turk_n in_o his_o time_n that_o dwell_v in_o asia_n the_o less_o to_o wit_n in_o lydia_n coria_n phrygia_n and_o cappadocia_n speak_v the_o very_a same_o language_n that_o these_o tartar_n do_v that_o dwell_v betwixt_o the_o river_n tanais_n or_o don_n and_o the_o country_n of_o sarmatia_n which_o as_o be_v well_o know_v be_v these_o tartar_n call_v chrims_n at_o this_o time_n also_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o turk_n differ_v not_o much_o in_o their_o common_a speech_n from_o the_o tartar_n language_n three_o because_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n agree_v so_o well_o together_o as_o well_o in_o religion_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n never_o invade_v or_o injure_v one_o another_o save_v that_o the_o turk_n since_o laonicus_n his_o time_n have_v encroch_v upon_o some_o town_n upon_o the_o euxin_n sea_n that_o before_o pertain_v to_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n four_o because_o ortogules_n son_n to_o oguzalpe_n and_o father_n to_o otoman_n the_o first_o of_o name_n of_o the_o turkish_a nation_n make_v his_o first_o road_n out_o of_o those_o part_n of_o asia_n upon_o the_o next_o borderer_n till_o he_o come_v towards_o the_o country_n about_o the_o hill_n taurus_n where_o he_o overcome_v the_o greek_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o so_o enlarge_v the_o name_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o turkish_a nation_n till_o he_o come_v to_o eubea_n and_o attica_n and_o other_o part_n of_o greece_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o laonicus_n who_o live_v among_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o amurat_n the_o six_o turkish_a emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 1400._o when_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o original_n be_v more_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o the_o likely_a he_o be_v to_o hit_v the_o truth_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o tartar_n that_o border_n upon_o russia_n as_o the_o nagay_n the_o cheremissen_n the_o mordwite_n the_o chircass_n and_o the_o sbalcans_n which_o all_o differ_v in_o name_n more_o than_o in_o regiment_n or_o other_o condition_n from_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n except_o the_o chircass_n that_o border_n southwest_n towards_o lituania_n and_o be_v far_o more_o civil_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o a_o comely_a person_n and_o of_o a_o stately_a behaviour_n as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o polonian_a some_o of_o they_o have_v subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o profess_v christianity_n the_o nagay_n lie_v eastward_o and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o best_a man_n of_o war_n among_o all_o the_o tartar_n but_o very_o savage_a and_o cruel_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o cheremissen_n tartar_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o ruff_n and_o the_o nagay_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o lugavoy_n that_o be_v of_o the_o valley_n and_o the_o nagornay_n or_o of_o the_o hilly_a country_n these_o have_v much_o trouble_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v content_a now_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o they_o under_o pretence_n of_o give_v a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o russee_n commodity_n to_o their_o morseis_n or_o divoymorseis_n that_o be_v chief_a of_o their_o tribe_n for_o which_o also_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v they_o in_o their_o war_n under_o certain_a condition_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a and_o true_a in_o their_o deal_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o hate_v the_o russee_n people_n who_o they_o account_v to_o be_v double_a and_o false_a in_o all_o their_o deal_n and_o therefore_o the_o common_a sort_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o keep_v agreement_n with_o they_o but_o that_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o morseis_n or_o duke_n for_o their_o pension_n sake_n the_o most_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a be_v count_v the_o mordwite_n tartar_n that_o have_v many_o self-fashion_n and_o strange_a kind_n of_o behaviour_n differ_v from_o the_o rest_n for_o his_o religion_n though_o he_o acknowledge_v one_o god_n yet_o his_o manner_n be_v to_o worship_n for_o god_n that_o live_a thing_n that_o he_o first_o meet_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o to_o swear_v by_o it_o all_o that_o whole_a day_n whether_o it_o be_v horse_n dog_n cat_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o it_o be_v when_o his_o friend_n die_v he_o kill_v his_o best_a horse_n and_o have_v flay_v off_o the_o skin_n he_o carry_v it_o on_o high_a upon_o a_o long_a pole_n before_o the_o corpse_n to_o the_o place_n of_o burial_n this_o he_o do_v as_o the_o ruff_n say_v that_o his_o friend_n may_v have_v a_o good_a horse_n to_o carry_v he_o to_o heaven_n but_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o declare_v his_o love_n towards_o his_o dead_a friend_n in_o that_o he_o will_v have_v to_o die_v with_o he_o the_o best_a thing_n that_o he_o have_v next_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a that_o be_v the_o further_a part_n south-eastward_a of_o the_o ruff_n dominion_n lie_v the_o shalcan_n and_o the_o country_n of_o media_n whither_o the_o ruff_n merchant_n trade_n for_o raw_a silk_n syndon_v saphion_n skin_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o media_n where_o the_o ruff_n trade_v be_v derbent_a build_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o the_o inhabitant_n say_v and_o zamachie_n where_o the_o staple_n be_v keep_v for_o raw_a silk_n their_o manner_n be_v in_o the_o springtime_n to_o revive_v the_o silkworm_n that_o lie_v dead_a all_o the_o winter_n by_o lay_v they_o in_o the_o warm_a sun_n and_o to_o hasten_v their_o quicken_n that_o they_o may_v soon_o go_v to_o work_v to_o put_v they_o into_o bag_n and_o so_o to_o hang_v they_o under_o their_o child_n arm_n as_o for_o the_o worm_n call_v chrinisin_n as_o we_o call_v it_o chrymson_n that_o make_v colour_v silk_n it_o be_v breed_v not_o in_o media_n but_o in_o assyria_n this_o trade_n to_o derbent_a &_o samachie_n for_o raw_a silk_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n as_o also_o into_o persiae_n and_o bougharia_n down_o the_o river_n volgha_n and_o through_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v permit_v as_o well_o to_o the_o english_a as_o to_z the_o ruff_n merchant_n by_o the_o emperor_n last_o grant_n at_o my_o be_v there_o which_o he_o account_v for_o a_o very_a special_a favour_n and_o may_v prove_v indeed_o very_o beneficial_a to_o our_o english_a merchant_n if_o the_o trade_n be_v well_o and_o orderly_o use_v the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v utter_o void_a of_o all_o learning_n and_o without_o write_v law_n yet_o certain_a rule_v they_o have_v which_o they_o hold_v by_o tradition_n common_a to_o all_o the_o hoard_v for_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o life_n which_o be_v of_o this_o sort_n 1._o to_o obey_v their_o emperor_n and_o other_o magistrate_n whatsoever_o they_o command_v about_o the_o public_a service_n 2._o except_o for_o the_o public_a behoof_n every_o man_n to_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o controllment_n 3._o no_o private_a man_n to_o possess_v any_o land_n but_o the_o whole_a country_n to_o be_v as_o a_o common_a 4._o to_o neglect_v all_o daintiness_n and_o variety_n of_o meat_n and_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o that_o which_o come_v next_o to_o hand_n for_o more_o hardness_n and_o readiness_n in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o affair_n 5._o to_o wear_v any_o base_a attire_n and_o to_o patch_v their_o clothes_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o need_n or_o not_o that_o when_o there_o 〈◊〉_d need_n it_o be_v no_o shame_n to_o wear_v a_o patch_a coat_n 6._o to_o take_v or_o steal_v from_o any_o stranger_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v get_v as_o be_v enemy_n to_o all_o man_n save_v to_o such_o as_o will_v subject_v themselves_o to_o they_o 7._o towards_o their_o own_o hoard_n and_o nation_n to_o be_v true_a in_o word_n and_o in_o deed_n 8._o to_o suffer_v no_o stranger_n to_o come_v within_o the_o realm_n if_o any_o do_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bondslave_n to_o he_o that_o first_o take_v he_o except_o such_o merchant_n and_o other_o as_o have_v the_o tartar_n bull_n or_o passport_n about_o they_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o permian_o samoite_n and_o lap_n the_o permian_o and_o samoite_n that_o lie_v from_o russia_n north_n and_o northeast_n be_v think_v likewise_o to_o have_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o tartar_n kind_n and_o it_o may_v partly_o be_v guess_v by_o the_o fashion_n of_o
their_o countenance_n as_o have_v all_o broad_a and_o flat_a face_n as_o the_o tartar_n have_v except_o the_o chirchass_n the_o bermians_n be_v account_v for_o a_o very_a ancient_a people_n they_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o ruff_n they_o live_v by_o hunt_v and_o trade_v with_o their_o fur_n as_o do_v also_o the_o samoit_n that_o dwell_v more_o towards_o the_o north-sea_n the_o samoit_n have_v his_o name_n as_o the_o ruff_n say_v of_o eat_v himself_o as_o if_o in_o time_n past_a they_o live_v as_o the_o cannibal_n eat_v one_o another_o which_o they_o make_v more_o probable_a because_o at_o this_o time_n they_o eat_v all_o kind_n of_o raw_a flesh_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v even_o the_o very_a carrion_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o ditch_n but_o as_o the_o samoit_n themselves_o will_v say_v they_o be_v call_v samoie_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o as_o though_o they_o be_v indigenae_fw-la or_o people_n breed_v upon_o that_o very_a soil_n that_o never_o change_v their_o seat_n from_o one_o 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a_o red_a or_o blue_a gown_n when_o she_o make_v the_o best_a show_n and_o with_o some_o warm_a shube_n of_o fur_n under_o it_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n nothing_o but_o her_o two_o shirt_n for_o so_o they_o call_v they_o one_o over_o the_o other_o whether_o they_o be_v within_o door_n or_o without_o on_o their_o head_n they_o wear_v cap_n of_o some_o colour_a stuff_n many_o of_o velvet_n or_o of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n kerchief_n without_o earrings_a of_o silver_n or_o some_o other_o metal_n and_o her_o cross_n about_o her_o neck_n you_o shall_v see_v no_o ruff_n woman_n be_v she_o wife_n or_o maid_n as_o touch_v their_o behaviour_n and_o quality_n otherwise_o they_o be_v of_o reasonable_a capacity_n if_o they_o have_v those_o mean_n that_o some_o other_o nation_n have_v to_o train_v up_o theiâ—…_n it_o be_v in_o good_a nurture_n and_o learning_n which_o they_o may_v borrow_v of_o the_o polonian_n and_o other_o their_o 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his_o word_n the_o ruff_n for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v small_a regard_n of_o it_o so_o he_o may_v gain_v by_o a_o lie_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o promise_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v true_o as_o they_o know_v best_a that_o have_v trade_v most_o with_o they_o that_o from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a except_o some_o fewâ—_n that_o will_v scarce_o be_v find_v the_o ruff_n neither_o believe_v any_o thing_n that_o another_o man_n speak_v nor_o speak_v any_o thing_n himself_o worthy_a to_o be_v believe_v these_o quality_n make_v they_o very_o odious_a to_o all_o their_o neighbour_n special_o to_o the_o tartar_n that_o account_n themselves_o to_o be_v honest_a and_o just_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o ruff_n it_o be_v suppose_v by_o some_o that_o do_v well_o consider_v of_o the_o state_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o offeâ—…iey_n take_v at_o the_o ruff_n government_n 〈◊〉_d their_o manner_n of_o behaviour_n have_v be_v a_o great_a cause_n to_o keep_v the_o tartar_n still_o â—…athenish_a and_o to_o mislike_v as_o he_o do_v of_o the_o christian_a profession_n finis_fw-la