euer he came he would signifie by so many fires he came with so many boats that we might know his strength Their Boats are but one great tree which is but burnt in the forme of a trough with gins and fire till it be as they would haue it For an armour he would haue ingaged vs a bagge of pearle but we refused as not regarding it that wee might the better learn where it grew He was very iust of his promise for oft we trusted him and he would come within his day to keepe his word He sent vs commonly euery day a brace of Bucks Conies Hares and fish sometimes Mellons Walnuts Cucumbers Pease and diuers rootes This Author sayth their corne groweth three times in fiue moneths in May they sow in Iuly reape in Iune they sow in August reape in Iuly sow in August reape We put some of our Pease in the ground which in ten dayes were 14. ynches high The soyle is most plentifull sweete wholesome and fruitfull of all oâ—her there are about 14. seuerall sorts of sweete smelling tymber trees the most parts of the vnderwood Bayes and such like such Okes as we but far greater and better After this acquaintance my selfe with seauen more went twenty myle into the Riuer Occam that runneth toward the Cittie Skicoack and the euening following we came to an I le called Roanoak from the harbour where we entred 7. leagues at the North end was 9. houses builded with Cedar fortified round with sharpe trees and the entrance like a Turnpik When we came towards it the wife of Granganameo came running out to meete vs her husband was absent commanding her people to draw our Boat ashore for beating on the billowes other she appoynted to carry vs on their backes a land others to bring our Ores into the house for stealing When we came into the other roome for there was fiue in the house she caused vs to sit downe by a great fire after tooke off our clothes and washed them of some our stockings and some our feete in warme water and she her selfe tooke much paines to see all things well ordered and to provide vs victuall After we had thus dryed our selues she brought vs into an Inner roome where she set on the bord standing a long the house somewhat like frumentie sodden venison and rosted fish in like manner mellons raw boyled rootes and fruites of diuers kindes There drinke is commonly water boyled with Ginger sometimes with Saxefras and wholsome herbes but whilest the Crape lasteth they drinke wine More loue she could not expresse to entertaine vs they care but onely to defend themselues from the short winter and feede on what they finde naturall in sommer In this feaâ—ting house was their Idoll of whom they â—ould vs vncredible things When we were at meate two or three of her men came amongst vs with their Bowes and Arrowes which caused vs to take our armes in hand She perceiuing our distrust caused their Bowes and Arrowes to be broken and they beâ—ten out of the gate but the euening approaching we returned to our boate where at she much grieuing brought our supper halfe boyled pots and all but when she saw vs but put our boat a little off from the shoar and lye at Anchor perceiuing our Ielousie she sent diuers men 30. women to sit al night on the shoare side against vs and sent vs fiue Mats to couer vs from the raine doing all she could to perswade vs to her house Though there was no cause of doubt we would not aduenture for on our safety depended the voyage but a more kinde louing people cannot be Beyond this I le is the maine land and the great riuer Occam on which standeth a Towne called Pomeiock and six dayes higher their City Skicoak those people neuer saw it but say there fathers affirme it to be aboue two houres iourney about Into this riuer falleth an other called Cipo where is found many Mustells wherein are Pearles likewise another Riuer called Nomapona on the one side whereof standeth a great towne called Chawanock the Lord of the Country is not subiect to Wingandacoa Beyond him an other king they cal Menatonon These 3. are in league each with other Towards the south 4. dayes iourney is Sequotan the southermost part of Wingandacoa Adioyning to Secotan beginneth the country Pomouik belonging to the King called Piamacum in the Country Nusiok vpon the great riuer Neus These haue mortall warres with Wingina King of Wingandacoa Betwixt Piemacum and the Lord of Secotan a peace was concluded notwithstanding there is a mortall malice in the Secotuns because this Piemacum invited diuers men and 30. women to a feast and when they were altogether merry before their Idoll which is but a meere illusion of the Deuill they sudainly slew all the men of Secotan and kept the women for their vse Beyond Roanoak are many Isles full of fruits and other Naturall increases with many Townes a long the side of the Continent Those Iles lye 200. myles in length and betweene them and the mayne a great long sea in some places 20. 40. or 50. myles broad in other more somewhere lesse And in this sea are 100. Iles of diuers bignesses but to get into it you haue but 3. passages and they very dangerous Though this you see for most part be but the relations of Saluages because it is the first I thought it not a misâ—e to remember them as they are written by them that returned ariued in England about the middest of September the same yeare This discouery was so welcome into England that it pleased her Mâ—iestie to call this Country of Wingandacoa Virginia by which name now you are to vnderstand how it was planted disolued reuned and enlarged The Performers of this voyage were these following Philip Amadas Captaine Arthur Barlow Captaine William Grenuill Iohn Wood. Iames Browewich Henry Greene. Beniamen Wood. Simon Ferdinando Of the Companie Nicholas Peryman Of the Companie Iohn Hewes Of the Companie Sir Richard Grenuills voyage to Virginia for Sir Walter Raleigh â—â—85 THe 9. of Aprill he departed from Plimouth with 7. sayle the chiefe men with him in command were Master Ralph Layne Master Thomas Candish Master Iohn Arundel Master Stukley Master Bremige Master Vincent Master Hâ—ryot and Master Iohn Clarke The 14. day we fell with the Canaries and the 7. of May with Dominico in the West Indies we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola passing by many Iles. Vpon the 20. we fell with the mayne of Florida and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear The 26. we Anchored at Wocokon where the admiral had like to beene cast away presently we sent to Wingina to Roanoak and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage and that day to Crooâ—on The 11. The Generall victualed for 8. dayes with a selected company went to the
maine and discovered the Townes of Pomeiok Aquascogoc Secctan and the great Lake called Paquipe At Aquascogoc the Indians stole a siluer Cup wherefore we burnt the Towne and spoyled their corne so returned to our fleete at Tocokon Whence we wayed for Hatorask where we rested and Granganimeo King Wingina's brother with Mâ—nteo came abord our Admirall the Admirall went for Weapomeiok Master Iohn Arundell for England Our Generall in his way home tooke a rich loaden ship of 300. tunns with which he ariued at Plimouth the 18. of September 1585. These were left vnder the command of Master Ralph Layne to inhabite the Country but they returned within a yeare Philip Amidas Admirall Master Thomas Heryot Master Acton Master Stafford Master Thomas Luddington Master Maruyn Cap. Vaghan Master Gardiner Master Kendall Master Predeox Master Rogers Master Haruy. Master Snelling Master Antony Russe Master Allen. Master Michaell Pollison Master Thomas Bockner Master Iames mason Master Dauid Salter Master Iames Skinner With diuers others to the number of 108. Touching the most remarkeable things of the Country and our proceeding from the 17 of August 1585. till the 18. of Iune 1586. we made Roanoack our habitation The vtmost of our discouery Southward was Secotan as we esteemed 80. leagues from Roanoacke The passage from thence was thought a broad sound within the maine being without kenning of land yet full of flats and shoulds that our Pinnasse could not passe we had but one boat with 4. ores that would carry but 15. men with their prouisions for 7. dayes so that because the winter approached we left those discoueries till a stronger supply To the Northward our farthest was to a Towne of the Chesapeacks from Roanoack 130. myles The passage is very shallow and dangerous by reason of the breadth of the sound and the little succour for a storme but this teritory being 15. myle from the shoare for pleasantnest of seate for temporature of climate fertility of soyle and comoditie of the Sea besides beares good woods Saxefras Walnuts c. is not to be excelled by any other whatsoeuer There be sundry other Kings they call Weroances as the Mangoacks Trypaniks and opposians which came to visit vs. To the northwest our farthest was Chawonock from Roanoack 130. myles our passage lyeth through a broad sound but all fresh water and the channell Nauigable for a Ship but out of it full of shoules The townes by the way by the water are Passaquenock the womens towne Chepanoe Weapomciok from Muscamunge wee enter the riuer and iurisdiction of Chawonock there it beginneth to straiten and at Chawonock it is as Thames at Lambeth betwixt them as we passed is goodly high land on the left hand and there is a towne called Ohanock where is a great corne field it is subiect to Chawonock which is the greatest Prouince vpon the riuer and the Towne it selfe can put seuen hundred men into the field besides the forces of the reâ—t The King is lame but hath more vnderstanding then all the rest The river of Moratoc is more famous then all the rest and openeth into the sound of Weapometok and where there is but a very small currant in Chawonock it hath so strong a currant from the Southwest as we doubted how to row against it Strange things they report of the head of this riuer and of Moratoc it selfe a principall towne on it is thirtie or fortie dayes Iourney to the head This lame King is called Menatonon When I had him prisoner two dayes he told mee that 3. dâ—yes Iourney in a Canow vp the riuer Chawonock then landing going foure dayes Iourney Northeast there is a King whose Country lyeth on the Sea but his best place of strength is an Iland in a Bay inuironed with deepe water where he taketh that abundance of Pearle that not onely his skins and his nobles but also his beds and houses are garnished therewith This king was at Chawonock two yeares agoe to trade with blacke pearle his worst sort whereof I had a rope but they were naught but that King he sayth hath store of white and had trafficke with white men for whom he reserued them he promised me guides to him but aduised me to goe strong for he was vnwilling strangers should come in his Country for his Country is populous and valiant men If a supply had come in Aprill I resolued to haue sent a small Barke to the Northward to haue found it whilest I with small Boates and 200. men would haue gone to the head of the riuer Chawonock with sufficient guides by land inskonsing my selfe euery two dayes where I would leaue Garrisons for my retreat till I came to this Bay Very neare vnto it is the riuer of Moratoc directly from the West the head of it springeth out of a mayne Rocke which standeth so neare the Sea that in stormes the Sea beats ouer it into this fresh spring that of it selfe at the surse is a violent streame I intended with two Wherries and fortie persons to haue Menatonons sonne for guide to try this presently till I could meete with some of the Moratocks or Mangoaks but hoping of getting more victuall from the Saluages we as narrowly escaped staruing in that Discouery as euer men did For Pemissapan who had changed his name of Wingina vpon the death of his brother Granganameo had giuen both the Chawonests and Mangoaks word of my purpose also he told me the Chawonocks had assembled two or three thousand to assault me at Roanok vrging me daily to goe against them and them against vs a great assembly I found at my comming thether which suddaine approach did so dismay them that we had the better of them this confederacy against vs was procured by Pemissapan himselfe our chiefe friend we trusted he sent word also to the Moratoks and the Mangoaks I came to inuade them that they all fled vp into the high Country so that where I assured my selfe both of succour and prouision I found all abandoned But being thus farre on my iourney 160. myles from home and but victuals for two dayes besides the casualties of crosse winds stormes and the Saluages trechery though we intended no hurt to any I gaue my Company to vnderstand we were onely drawne forth vpon these vaine hopes by the Saluages to bring vs to confusion a Councell we held to goe forward or returne but they all were absolutely resolued but three that whilst there was but one pynt of Corne for a man they would not leaue the search of that riuer for they had two Mastiue Dogs which boyled with Saxefras leaues if the worst fell out vpon them and the pottage they would liue two dayes which would bring them to the sound where they should finde fish-for two dayes more to passe it to Roanock which two dayes they had rather fast then goe backe a foote till they had seene the Mangoaks either as friends
other great causes not onely to haue made them sicke but even to end their dayes c. The Sommer is hot as in Spaine the Winter cold as in France or England The heat of sommer is in Iune Iuly and August but commonly the coole Breeses asswage the vehemency of the heat The chiefe of winter is halfe December Ianuary February and halfe March The colde is extreame sharpe but here the Proverbe is true that no extreame long continueth In the yeare 1607. was an extraordinary frost in most of Europe and this frost was found as extreame in Virginia But the next yeare for 8. or 10. dayes of ill weather other 14. dayes would be as Sommer The windes here are variable but the like thunder and lightning to purifie the ayre I haue seldome either seene or heard in Europe From the Southwest came the greatest gusts with thunder and heat The Northwest winde is commonly coole and bringeth faire weather with it From the North is the greatest cold and from the East and Southeast as from the Barmudas fogs and raines Some times there are great droughts other times much raine yet great necessitie of neither by reason we see not but that all the raritie of needfull fruits in Europe may be there in great plentie by the industry of men as appeareth by those we there Planted There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that is at the mouth of a very goodly Bay 18. or 20. myles broad The cape on the South is called Cape Henry in honour of our most noble Prince The land white hilly sands like vnto the Downes and all along the shores great plentie of Pines and Firres The north Cape is called Cape Charles in honour of the worthy Duke of Yorke The Isles before it Smith's Isles by the name of the discover Within is a country that may haue the prerogatiue over the most pleasant places knowne for large and pleasant navigable Rivers heaven earth never agreed better to frame a place for mans habitation were it fully manured and inhabited by industrious people Here are mountaines hils plaines valleyes rivers and brookes all running most pleasantly into a faire Bay compassed but for the mouth with fruitfull and delightsome land In the Bay and rivers are many Isles both great small some woody some plaine most of them low and not inhabited This Bay lyeth North and South in which the water floweth neare 200. myles and hath a channell for 140 myles of depth betwixt 6 and 15 fadome holding in breadth for the most part 10 or 14 myles From the head of the Bay to the Northwest the land is mountanous and so in a manner from thence by a Southwest line So that the more Southward the farther off from the Bay are those mountaines From which fall certaine brookes which after come to fiue principall navigable rivers These run from the Northwest into the South east and so into the West side of the Bay where the fall of every River is within 20 or 15 myles one of another The mountaines are of divers natures for at the head of the Bay the rockes are of a composition like Mill stones Some of Marble c. And many peeces like Christall we found as throwne downe by water from those mountaines For in Winter they are covered with much snow and when it dissolveth the waters fall with such violence that it causeth great inundations in some narrow valleyes which is scarce perceived being once in the rivers These waters wash from the rocks such glistering tinctures that the ground in some places seemeth as guilded where both the rocks and the earth are so splendent to behold that better iudgements then ours might haue beene perswaded they contained more then probabilities The vesture of the earth in most places doth manifestly proue the nature of the soyle to be lusty and very rich The colour of the earth we found in diverse places resembleth bole Armoniac terra sigillata and Lemnia Fullers earth Marle and divers other such appearances But generally for the most part it is a blacke sandy mould in some places a fat slimy clay in other places a very barren gravell But the best ground is knowne by the vesture it beareth as by the greatnesse of trees or abundance of weeds c. The Country is not mountanous nor yet low but such pleasant plaine hils and fertile valleyes one prettily crossing another watered so conveniently with fresh brookes and springs no lesse commodious then delightsome By the rivers are many plaine marishes containing some 20 some 100. some 200 Acres some more some lesse Other plaines there are few but onely where the Salvages inhabit but all overgrowne with trees weeds being a plaine wildernesse as God first made it On the west side of the Bay we sayd were 5. faire and delightfull navigable rivers The first of those and the next to the mouth of the Bay hath his course from the West Northwest It is called Powhatan according to the name of a principall country that lyeth vpon it The mouth of this river is neare three myles in breadth yet doe the shoules force the Channell so neare the land that a Sacre will overshoot it at point blanke It is navigable 150 myles the shouldes and soundings are here needlesse to be expressed It falleth from Rockes farre west in a Country inhabited by a nation they call Monacans But where it commeth into our discovery it is Powhatan In the farthest place that was diligently observed are falles rockes shoules c. which makes it past navigation any higher Thence in the running downeward the river is enriched with many goodly brookes which are maintained by an infinit number of small rundles and pleasant springs that disperse themselues for best service as do the veines of a mans body From the South there fals into it First the pleasant river of Apamatuck Next more to the East are two small rivers of Quiyoughcohanocke A little farther is a Bay wherein falleth 3 or 4 prettie brookes creekes that halfe intrench the Inhabitants of Warraskoyac then the river of Nandsamund and lastly the brooke of Chisapeack From the North side is the river of Chickahamania the backe river of Iames Towne another by the Cedar Isle where we liued ten weekes vpon Oysters then a convenient harbour for Fisher boats at Kecoughtan that so turneth it selfe into Bayes and Creekes it makes that place very pleasant to inhabit their cornefields being girded therein in a manner as Peninsulaes The most of these rivers are inhabited by severall nations or rather families of the name of the rivers They haue also over those some Governour as their King which they call Werowances In a Peninsula on the North side of this river are the English Planted in a place by them called Iames Towne in honour of the Kings most excellent Maiestie The first and next the rivers
blacke wings Herons Geese Brants Ducke Wigeon Dotterell Oxeies Parrats and Pigeons Of all those sorts great abundance and some other strange kinds to vs vnknowne by name But in Sommer not any or a very few to be seene Of fish we were best acquainted with Sturgeon Grampus Porpus Seales Stingraies whose tailes are very dangerous Bretts Mullets white Salmonds Trowts Soles Plaice Herrings Conyfish Rockfish Eeles Lampreysâ—punc Catfish Shadesâ—punc Pâ—arch of three sorts Crabs Shrimps Crevises Oysters Cocles and Mâ—scles But the most strange fish is a small one so like the picture of St George his Dragon as possible can be except his legs and wings and the Toadefish which will swell till it be like to burst when it commeth into the ayre Concerning the entrailes of the earth little can be said for certaintie There wanted good Refiners for those that tooke vpon them to haue skill this way tooke vp the washings from the mountaines and some moskered shining stones and spangles which the waters brought downe flattering themselues in their owne vaine conceits to haue beene supposed what they were not by the meanes of that ore if it proued as their arts and iudgements expected Onely this is certaine that many regions lying in the same latitude afford Mines very rich of divers natures The crust also of these rockes would easily perswade a man to beleeue there are other Mines then yron and steele if there were but meanes and men of experience that knew the Mine from Spar. Of their Planted fruits in Virginia and how they vse them THey divide the yeare into fiue seasons Their winter some call Popanow the spring Cattapeuk the sommer Cohattayough the earing of their Corne Nepinough the harvest and fall of leafe Taquitock From September vntill the midst of November are the chiefe feasts sacrifice Then haue they plentie of fruits as well planted as naturall as corne greene and ripe fish fowle and wilde beasts exceeding fat The greatest labour they take is in planting their corne for the Country naturally is overgrowne with wood To prepare the ground they bruise the barke of the trees neare the root then doe they scortch the roots with fire that they grow no more The next yeare with a crooked peece of wood they beat vp the weeds by the rootes and in that mould they plant their Corne. Their manner is this They make a hole in the earth with a sticke and into it they put foure graines of wheate and two of beanes These holâ—s they make foure foote one from another Their women and children do continually keepe it with weeding and when it is growne middle high they hill it about like a hop-yard In Aprill they begin to plant but their chiefe plantation is in May and so they continue till the midst of Iune What they plant in Aprill they reape in August for May in September for Iune in October Every stalke of their corne commonly beareth two eares some three seldome any foure many but one and some none Every care ordinarily hath betwixt 200 and 500 graines The stalke being greene hath a sweet iuice in it somewhat like a sugar Cane which is the cause that when they gather their corne greene they sucke the stalkes for as we gather greene pease so doe they their corne being greene which excelleth their old They plant also pease they call Assentamenâ— which are the same they call in Italy Fagâ—h Their Beanes are the same the Turkes call Garnanses but these they much esteeme for dainties Their corne they rost in the eare greene and bruising it in a morter of wood with a Polt lap it in rowles in the leaues of their corne and so boyle it for a daintie They also reserue that corne late planted that will not ripe by roasting it in hot ashes the heat thereof drying it In winter they esteeme it being boyled with beanes for a rare dish they call Pausarowmena Their old wheat they first steepe a night in hot water in the morning pounding it in a morter They vse a small basket for their Temmes then pound againe the great and so separating by dashing their hand in the basket receiue the flower in a platter made of wood scraped to that forme with burning and shels Tempering this flower with water they make it either in cakes covering them with ashes till they be baked and then washing them in faire water they drie presently with their owne heat or else boyle them in water eating the broth with the bread which they call Ponap The grouces and peeces of the cornes remaining by fanning in a Platter or in the wind away the branne they boyle 3 or 4 houres with water which is an ordinary food they call Vstatahamen But some more thriftie then cleanly doe burne the core of the eare to powder which they call Pungnough mingling that in their meale but it never tasted well in bread nor broth Their fish flesh they boyle either very tenderly or boyle it so long on hurdles over the fire or else after the Spanish fashion putting it on a spit they turne first the one side then the other till it be as drie as their ierkin Beefe in the west Indies that they may keepe it a moneth or more without putrifying The broth of fish or flesh they eat as commonly as the meat In May also amongst their corne they plant Pumpeons and a fruit like vnto a muske mellon but lesse and worse which they call Macocks These increase exceedingly and ripen in the beginning of Iuly and continue vntill September They plant also Maracocks a wild fruit like a Lemmon which also increase infinitely They begin to ripe in September and continue till the end of October When all their fruits be gathered little els they plant and this is done by their women and children neither doth this long suffice them for neare three parts of the yeare they onely obserue times and seasons and liue of what the Country naturally affordeth from hand to mouth c. The Commodities in Virginia or that may be had by Industrie THe mildnesse of the ayre the fertilitie of the soyle and situation of the rivers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man as no place is more convenient for pleasure profit and mans sustenance vnder that latitude or climat Here will liue any beasts as horses goats sheepe asses hens c. as appeared by them that were carried thether The waters Isles and shoales are full of safe harbours for ships of warre or marchandize for boats of all sorts for transportation or fishing c. The Bay and rivers haue much marchantable fish and places fit for Salt coats building of ships making of Iron c. Muscovia and Polonia doe yearely receiue many thousands for pitch tarre sope-ashes Rosen Flax Cordage Sturgeon Masts Yards Wainscot Firres Glasse and such like also Swethland for Iron and Copper France in like manner for Wine Canvas and
lake or the river of Canada and from the French to haue their hatchets and Commodities by trade These know no more of the territories of Powhatan then his name and he as little of them but the Atquanachuks are on the Ocean Sea The highest mountaine we saw Northward wee called Perigrines mount and a rocky river where the Massawomeks went vp Willowbyes river in honor of the towne our Captaine was borne in and that honorable house the Lord Willowby his most honored good friend The Sasquesahanocks river we called Smiths falles the next poynt to Tockwhogh Pisings poynt the next it poynt Bourne Powells Isles and Smals poynt is by the river Bolus and the little Bay at the head Profits poole Watkins Reads and Momfords poynts are on each side Limbo Ward Cantrell and Sicklemore betwixt Patawomek and Pamavnkâ—e after the names of the discoverers In all those places and the furthest we came vp the rivers we cut in trees so many crosses as we would and in many places made holes in trees wherein we writ notes and in some places crosses of brasse to signifie to any Englishmen had beene there Thus having sought all the inlets and rivers worth noting we returned to discover the river of Pawtuxunt these people we found very tractable and more civill then any we promised them as also the Patawomeks to revenge them of the Massawomeks but our purposes were crossed In the discovery of this river some call Rapathanock we were kindly entertained by the people of Moraughtacund here we incountered our old friend Mosco a lusty Salvage of Wighcocomoco vpoÌ„ the river of Patawomek we supposed him some French mans sonne because he had a thicke blacke bush beard and the Salvages seldome haue any at all of which he was not a little proud to see so many of his Country-men Wood and water he would fetch vs guide vs any whether nay cause divers of his Countrymen helpe vs towe against winde or tyde from place to place till we came to Patawomek there he rested till we returned from the head of the river and occasioned our conduct to the mine we supposed Antimony And in the place he fayled not to doe vs all the good he could perswading vs in any case not to goe to the Rapahanocks for they would kill vs for being friends with the Moraughtacunds that but lately had stolne three of the Kings women This we did thinke was but that his friends might onely haue our trade so we crossed the river to the Rapahanocks There some 12 or 16 standing on the shore directed vs a little Creeke where was good landing and Commodities for vs in three or foure Canowes we saw lie there but according to our custome we demanded to exchange a man in signe of loue which after they had a little consulted foure or fiue came vp to the middles to fetch our man and leaue vs one of them shewing we need not feare them for they had neither clubs bowes nor arrowes Notwithstanding Anas Todkill being sent on shore to see if he could discover any Ambuscadoes or what they had desired to goe over the playne to fetch some wood but they were vnwilling except we would come into the Creeke where the boat might come close ashore Todkill by degrees having got some two stones throwes vp the playne perceived two or three hundred men as he thought behind the trees so that offering to returne to the Boat the Salvages assayed to carry him away perforce that he called to vs we were betrayed and by that he had spoke the word our hostage was over-boord but Watkins his keeper slew him in the water Immediatly we let fly amongst them so that they fled Todkill escaped yet they shot so fast that he fell flat on the ground ere he could recover the boat Here the Massawomek Targets stood vs in good stead for vpon Mosco's words we had set them about the forepart of our Boat like a forecastle from whence we securely beat the Salvages from off the plaine without any hurt yet they shot more then a thousand Arrowes and then fled into the woods Arming our selues with these light Targets which are made of little small sticks woven betwixt strings of their hempe and silke grasse as is our Cloth but so firmely that no arrow can possibly pierce them we rescued Todkill who was all bloudy by some of them who were shot by vs that held him but as God pleased he had no hurt and following them vp to the woods we found some slaine and in divers places much bloud It seems all their arrowes were spent for we heard no more of them Their Canows we tooke the arrowes we found we broke saue them we kept for Mosco to whom we gaue the Canowes for his kindnesse that entertained vs in the best trivmphing manner and warlike order in armes of conquest he could procure of the Moraughtacunds The rest of the day we spent in accomodating our Boat in stead of thoules wee made stickes like Bedstaues to which we fastened so many of our Massawomek Targets that invironed her as wast clothes The next morning we went vp the river and our friend Mosco followed vs along the shore and at last desired to goe with vs in our Boat But as we passed by Pisacack Matchopeak and Mecuppom three Townes situated vpon high white clay clifts the other side all a low playne marish and the river there but narrow Thirtie or fortie of the Rapahanocks had so accommodated themselues with branches as we tooke them for little bushes growing among the sedge still seeing their arrowes strike the Targets and dropped in the river where-at Mosco fell flat in the Boat on his face crying the Rapahanocks which presently we espied to be the bushes which at our first volley fell downe in the sedge when wee were neare halfe a myle from them they shewed themselues dauncing and singing very merrily The Kings of Pissassack Nandtaughtacund and Cuttatawomen vsed vs kindly and all their people neglected not any thing to Mosco to bring vs to them Betwixt Secobeck and Massawteck is a small Isle or two which causeth the river to be broader then ordinary there it pleased God to take one of our Company called Mr Fetherstone that all the time he had beene in this Country had behaved himselfe honestly valiantly and industriously where in a little Bay we called Fetherstones Bay wee buryed him with a volley of shot the rest notwithstanding their ill dyet and bad lodging crowded in so small a Barge in so many dangers never resting but alwayes tossed to and againe had all well recovered their healths The next day wee sayled so high as our Boat would float there setting vp crosses and graving our names in the trees Our Sentinell saw an arrow fall by him though we had ranged vp and downe more then an houre in digging in the earth looking of stones herbs and springs not seeing where a Salvage could
fortified himselfe but so apparantly distracted with feare as imboldened the Salvages to assault him kill his men release their King gather and carry away a thousand bushels of Corne he not once offering to intercept them but sent to the President then at the Falles for thirtie good shot which from Iames Towne immediately was sent him But he so well imployed them they did iust nothing but returned complaining of his tendernesse yet he came away with them to Iames Towne leauing his company to their fortunes Here I cannot omit the courage of George Forrest that had seauenteene Arrowes sticking in him and one shot through him yet liued sixe or seauen dayes as if he had small hurt then for want of Chirurgery dyed Master West having seated his men by the Falles presently returned to reuisit Iames Towne the President followed him to see that company seated met him by the way wondering at his so quicke returne and found his company planted so inconsiderately in a place not onely subiect to the rivers invndation but round invironed with many intollerable inconueniences For remedie whereof he presently sent to Powhatan to sell him the place called Powhatan promising to defend him against the Monacans And these should be his Conditions with his people to resigne him the Fort and houses and all that Countrey for a proportion of Copper that all stealing offenders should be sent him thereto receiue their punishment that every house as a Custome should pay him a Bushell of Corne for an inch square of Copper and a proportion of Pocones as a yearely tribute to King Iames for their protection as a dutie what else they could spare to barter at their best discretions But both this excellent place and those good Conditions did those furies refuse contemning both him his kinde care and authoritie So much they depended on the Lord Generals new Commission as they regarded none the worst they could doe to shew their spights they did supposing all the Monacans Country gold and none should come there but whom they pleased I doe more then wonder to thinke how onely with fiue men he either durst or would adventure as he did knowing how greedie they were of his bloud to land amongst them and commit to imprisonment all the Chiâ—ftaines of those mutinies till by their multitudes being an hundred and twentie they forced him to retyre yet in that interim he surprised one of their Boates wherewith he returned to their ship where in deed was their prouision which also he tooke and well it chanced he found the Marriners so tractable and constant or there had beene small possibilitie he had ever escaped There were divers other of better reason and experience that from their first landing hearing the generall good report of his old Souldiers and seeing with their eyes his actions so well mannaged with discretion as Captaine Wood Captaine Webbe Cap. Moone Captaine Fitz Iames Master William Powell Master Partridge Master White and divers others when they perceiued the malice of Ratliffe and Archer and their faction left their companies and ever rested his faithfull friends But the worst was that the poore Salvages that daily brought in their contribution to the President that disorderly company so tormented those poore soules by stealing their corne robbing their gardens beating them breaking their houses and keeping some prisoners that they daily complained to Captaine Smith he had brought them for Protectors worse enemies then the Monacans themselues which though till then for his loue they had endured they desired pardon if hereafter they defended themselues since he would not correct them as they had long expected he would So much they importuned him to punish their misdemeanors as they offered if he would leade them to fight for him against them But having spent nine dayes in seeking to reclaime them shewing them how much they did abuse themselues with these great guilded hopes of the South Sea Mines commodities or victories they so madly conceived then seeing nothing would prevaile he set sayle for Iames Towne Thus oft we see from small greene wounds and from a little griefe A greater sore and sicknesse growes then will admit reliefe For thus themselues they did be guile and with the rest play'd theefe Now no sooner was the Ship vnder sayle but the Salvages assaulted those hundred and twentie in their Fort finding some stragling abroad in the woods they slew many and so affrighted the rest as their prisoners escaped and they safely retyred with the swords and cloakes of those they had slaine But ere wee had sayled halfe a league our ship grounding gaue vs once more libertie to summon them to a parley where we found them all so strangely amazed with this poore silly assault of twelue Saluages that they submitted themselues vpon any tearmes to the Presidents mercy who presently put by the heeles sixe or seauen of the chiefe offenders the rest he seated gallantly at Powhatan in that Salvage Fort readie built and prettily fortified with poles and barkes of trees sufficient to haue defended them from all the Salvages in Virginia dry houses for lodgings and neere two hundred accres of ground ready to be planted and no place we knew so strong so pleasant and delightfull in Virginia for which we called it Non-such The Salvages also hee presently appeased redeliuering to either party their former losses Thus all were friends New officers appointed to command and the President againe ready to depart at that instant arriued Captaine West whose gentle nature by the perswasions and compassion of those mutinous prisoners alledging they had onely done this for his honor was so much abused that to regaine their old hopes new turboyles did arise For they a-shore being possessed of all there victuall munition and euery thing grew to that height in their former factions as the President left them to their fortunes they returned againe to the open ayre at Wests Fort abandoning Non such and he to Iames towne with his best expedition but this hapned him in that Iourney Sleeping in his Boate for the ship was returned two daies before accidentallie one fired his powder-bag which tore the flesh from his body and thighes nine or ten inches square in a most pittifull manner but to quench the tormenting fire frying him in his cloaths he leaped over-boord into the deepe river where ere they could recouer him he was neere drowned In this estate without either Chirurgian or Chirurgery he was to goe neere an hundred myles Arriving at Iames towne causing all things to be prepared for peace or warres to obtaine provision whilest those things were providing Ratliffe Archer the rest of their Confederates being to come to their trials their guiltie consciences fearing a iust reward for their deserts seeing the President vnable to stand and neere berest of his senses by reason of his torment they had plotted to haue murdered him in his bed But his heart
that he could not so that he sent me with Estinien Mâ—ll a French-man to findâ— a conuenient place to make salt in Not long after Namenacus the King of Pawtuxunt came to vs to seeke for Thomas Saluage our Interpreter Thus insinuating himselfe he led vs into a thicket where all sitting downe he shewâ—d vs his nâ—ked brest asking if we saw any deformitie vpon it we told him No No more said hee is the inside but as sincere and pure therefore come freely to my Countrie and welcome which wee promised wee would within six weekes after Hauing taken a muster of the companies tenants I went to Smiths Iles where was our Salt hoâ—se not farre off wee found a more conuenient placâ— and â—o retuâ—ned to Iames towne Being furnished tâ—e second â—ime wee arriued at Aquo hanock and conferred with Kiptopeke theiâ— King Pâ—ssing Russels Ile and Onaucoke we arriued at Pawtuxunt the discription of those places you may reade in Captaine Smiths discoueâ—ies therefore needlesse to bee writ againe But here arriuing at Aâ—toughcomoco the habiâ—ation of Namenacuâ— and Wâ—manato his brother long wee staied not ere they came aboord vs with a brasse Kettle as bright without as within ful of boyled Oâ—sters Strict order was giuen none should offend vs so that the next day I went with the â—wo Kings a hunting to discouer what I could in their confines Wamâ—nato brought mee first to his house where hee shewed once his wife and children and maâ— Corne-fields and being two miles within the woods a hunting as the younger conducted me forth so the elder brought me home and vsed me as kindly as he could after their manner The next day he presented me twelue Beuer skinnes and a Canow which I requited with such things to his content that he promised to keept them whilst hee liued and burie them with him being dead Hee much wondered at our Bible but much more to heare it was the Law of our God and the first Chapter of Genesis expounded of Adam and Eue and simple mariage to which he replyed hee was like Adam in one thing for he neuer had but one wife at once but he as all the rest seemed more willing of other discourses they better vnderstood The next day the two Kings with their people came aboord vs but brought nothing according to promise so that Ensigne Saluage challenged Namenacus the breach of three promises viz. not in giuing him a Boy not Corne though they had plentie nor Moutapass a fugitiue called Robert Marcum that had liued 5 yeeres amongst those northerly nations which hee cunningly answered by excuses Womanato it seemes was guiltlesse of this falshood because hee staied alone when the rest were gone I asked him if he desired to bee great and rich he answered They were things all men aspired vnto which I told him he should be if he would follow my counsell so he gaue me two tokens which being returned by a messenger should suffice to make him confident the messenger could not abuse vs. Some things being stolne from vs he tooke such order that they were presently restored then we interchanged presents in all things hee much admired out discretions and gaue vs a guide that hee called brother to conduct vs vp the Riuer by the way we met with diuers that stil tould vs of Marcum and though it was in October we found the Countrie very hot and their Corne gathered before ours at Iames towne The next day we went to Paccamaganant and they directed vs to Assacomoco where their King Cassatowap had an old quarrell with Ensigne Saluage but now seeming reconciled went with vs with another Werowance towards Mattapanient where they perswaded vs ashore vpon the point of a thicket but supposing it some trecherie we returned to our boat farre we had not gone from the shore but a multitude of Saluages fallied out of the wood with all the ill words and signes of hostilitie they could When wee saw plainly their bad intent wee set the two Werowances at libertie that all this while had line in the Cabbin as not taking any notice of their villanie because we would conuert them by courtesie Leauing them as we found them very ciuill and subtill wee returned the same way wee came to the laughing Kings on the Easterne shore who told vs plainly Namanicus would also haue allured him into his Countrie vnder colour of trade to cut his throat Hee told vs also Opechancanough had imployed Onianimo to kill Saluage because he brought the trade from him to the Easterne shore and some disgrace hee had done his sonne and some thirteene of his people before one hundred of those Easterlings in reseuing Thomas Graues whom they would haue slaine where hee and three more did challenge the thirteeene Pamavukes to fight but they durst not so that all those Easterlings so derided them that they came there no more This Thomas Saluage it is sixteene yeeres since he went to Virginia being a boy hee was left with Powhatan for Namontacke to learne the language and as this Author affirmeth with much honestie and good successe hath serued the publike without any publike recompence yet had an arrow shot through his body in their seruice This laughing King at Accomack tels vs the land is not two daies iourny ouer in the broadest place but in some places a man may goe in halfe a day betwixt the Bay and the maine Ocean where inhabit many people so that by the narrownesse of the Land there is not many Decre but most abundance of Fish and Fowle Kiptope his brother rules â— his Lieutenant who seeing his younger brother more affected by the people than himselfe freely resigned him the moitie of his Countrie applying himselfe onely to husbandry and hunting yet nothing neglected in his degree nor is hee carelesse of any thing concernes the state but as a vigilant and faithfull Counceller as hee is an affectionated Brother bearing the greater burden in gouernment though the lesser honour where cleane contrary they on the Westerne shore the younger beares the charge and the elder the dignitie Those are the best husbands of any Saluages we know for they prouide Corne to serue them all the yeare yet spare and the other not for halfe the yeare yet want They are the most ciuill and tractable people we haue met with and by little sticks will keepe as iust an account of their promises as by a tally In their mariages they obserue a large distance as well in affinitie as consanguinitie nor doe they vse that deuillish custome in making black Boyes There may be on this shore about two thousand people they on the West would inuade them but that they want Boats to crosse the Bay and so would diuers other Nations were they not protected by vs. A few of the Westerly Runnagados had conspired against the laughing King but fearing their treason was discouered fled to Smiths Iles where they made a massacre of
the most part at their departure was burnt ruined and destroyed by the Saluages Only Master Gookins at Nuports-newes would not obey the Commanders command in that though hee had scarce fiue and thirty of all sorts with him yet he thought himselfe sufficient against what could happen and so did to his great credit and the content of his Aduenturers Master Samuel Iorden gathered together but a few of the straglers about him at Beggers-bush where he fortified and liued in despight of the enemy Nay Mistrisse Proctor a proper ciuill modâ—st Gentlewoman did the like till perforce the English Officers forced her and all them with her to goe with them or they would fire her house themselues as the Saluages did when they were gone in whose despight they had kept it and what they had a moneth or three weekes after the Massacre which was to their hearts a griefe beyond comparison to lose all they had in that manner onely to secure others pleasures Now here in England it was thought all those remainders might presently haue beene reduced into fifties or hundreds in places most conuenient with what they had hauing such strong houses as they reported they had which with small labour might haue beene made inuincible Castles against all the Saluages in the Land and then presently raised a company as a running Armie to torment the Barbarous and secure the rest and so haue had all that Country betwixt the Riuers of Powhatan and Pamavuke to range and sustaine them especially all the territories of Kecoughtan Chiskact and Paspahege from Ozenies to that branch of Pamavuke comming from Youghtanund which strait of land is not past 4. or 5. miles to haue made a peninsula much bigger then the Summer Iles inuironed wiâ—h the broadest parts of those two maine Riuers which for plenty of such things as Virgnia affords is not to be exceeded and were it well manured more then sufficient for ten thousand men This were it well vnderstood cannot but be thought beâ—ter then â—o bring fiue or six hundred to lodge and liue on that which before would not well receiue and maintaine a hundred planting little or nothing but spend that they haue vpon hopes out of England one euill begetting another till the disease is past cure Therefore it is impossible but such courses must produce most fearefull miseries and extreme extremities if it proue otherwise I should be exceeding glad I confesse I am somewhat too bold to censure other mens actions being not present but they haue done as much of me yea many here in England that were neuer there also many there that knowes little more then their Plantations but as they are informed and this doth touch the glory of God the honour of my Country and the publike good so much for which there hath beene so many faire pretences that I hope none will be angry for speaking my opinion seeing the old Prouerbe doth allow losers leaue to speake and Du Bart as saith Euen as the wind the angry Ocean moues Waue hunteth Waue and Billow Billow shoues So doe all Nations iustell each the other And so one people doe pursue another And scarce a secâ—nd hath the first vnhoused Before a third him thence againe haue roused AMongst the multitude of these seuerall Relations it appeares Captaine Nuse seeing many of the difficulties to ensue caused as much Corne to be planted as he could at Elizabeths city though some destroyed that they had set fearing it would serue the Saluages for Ambuscadoes trusting to releefe by trade or from England which hath euer beene one cause of our miseries for from England wee haue not had much and for trading euery one hath not Ships Shalops Interpreters men and prouisions to performe it and those that haue vse them onely for their owne priuate gâ—ine not the publike good so that our beginning this yeere doth cause many to distrust the euent of the next Here wee will leaue Captaine Nuse for a while lamenting the death of Captaine Norton a valiant industrious Gentleman adorned with many good qualities besides Physicke and Chirurgery which for the publike good he freely imparted to all gratis but most bountifully to the poore and let vs speake a little of Captaine Croshaw amongst the midst of those broiles in the Riuer of Patawomâ—ke Being in a small Barke called the Elizabeth vnder the command of Captaine Spilman at Cekacawone a Saluage stole aboord them and told them of the Massacre and that Opechancanough had plotted with his King and Country to betray them also which they refused but them of Wighcocomoco at the mouth of the riuer had vndertaken it vpon this Spilman went thither but the Saluages seeing his men so vigilant and well armed they suspected themselues discouered and to colour their guilt the better to delude him so contented his desire in trade his Pinnace was neere fraught but seeing no more to be had Croshaw went to Patawomek where he intended to stay and trade for himselfe by reason of the long acquaintance he had with this King that so earnestly entreated him now to be his friend his countenancer his Captaine and director against the Pazaticans the Nacotchtanks and Moyaons his mortall enemies Of this oportunity Croshaw was glad as well to satisfie his owne desire in some other purpose he had as to keepe the King as an opposite to Opechancanough and adhere him vnto vs or at least make him an instrument against our enemies so onely Elis Hill stayed with him and the Pinnace returned to Elizabeths City here shall they rest also a little till we see how this newes was entertained in England It was no small griefe to the Councell and Company to vnderstand of such a supposed impossible losse as that so many should fall by the hands of men so contemptible and yet hauing such warnings especially by the death of Nemattanow whom the Saluages did thinke was shot-free as he had perswaded them hauing so long eâ—caped so many dangers without any hurt But now to leape out of this labyrinth of melancholy all this did not so discourage the noble aduenturers nor diuers others still to vndertake new seuerall Plantations but that diuers ships were dispatched away for their supplies and assistance thought sufficient Yet Captaine Smith did intreat and moue them to put in practise his old offer seeing now it was time to vse both it and him how slenderly heretofore both had beene regarded and because it is not impertinent to the businesse it is not much amisse to remember what it was The proiect and offer of Captaine Iohn Smith to the Right Honourable and Right Worshipfull Company Virginia IF you please I may be transported with a hundred Souldiers and thirty Sailers by the next Michaelmas with victuall munition and such necessary prouision by Gods assistance we would endeuour to inforce the Saluages to leaue their Country or bring them in that feare and subiection that euery man
to end and die a most miserable death For Affrica had not the industrious Portugals ranged her vnknowne parts who would haue sought for wealth amongst those fried Regions of blacke brutish Negars where notwithstanding all their wealth and admirable aduentures and endeuours more then one hundred and fortie yeeres they know not one third part of those blacke habitations But it is not a worke for euery one to manage such an affaire as make a discouery and plant a Colony it requires all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and industry to doe but neere well some are more proper for one thing then another and therein best to be imploied and nothing breeds more confusion then misplacing and misimploying men in their vndertakings Columbus Courtes Pitzara Zoto Magilanus and the rest serued more then a Prentiship to learne how to begin their most memorable attempts in the West-Indies which to the wonder of all ages successefully they effected when many hundreds of others farre aboue them in the worlds opinion being instructed but by relation came to shame and confusion in actions of small moment who doubtlesse in other matters were both wise discreet generous and couragious I say not this to detract any thing from their incomparable merits but to answer those questionlesse questions that keepe vs backe from imitating the worthinesse of their braue spirits that aduanced themselues from poore Souldiers to great Captaines their posterity to great Lords their King to be one of the greatest Potentates on earth and the fruits of their labours his greatest power glory and renowne The Description of New England THat part we call New England is betwixt the degrees of fortie one and fortie fiue the very meane betwixt the North pole and the line but that part this Discourse speaketh of stretcheth but from Penobscot to Câ—pe Cod some seuentie fiue leagues by a right line distant each from other within which bounds I haue seene at least fortie seuerall habitations vpon the Sea Coast and sounded about fiue and twentie excellent good Harbours in many whereof there is anchorage for fiue hundred saile of ships of any burden in some of them for one thousand and more then two hundred Iles ouer-growne with good Timber of diuers sorts of wood which doe make so many Harbours as required a longer time then I had to be well obserued The principall habitation Northward we were at was Pennobscot Southward along the Coast and vp the Riuers we found Mecadacut Segocket Pemaquid Nuscoucus Sagadahock Aumoughcowgen and Kenebeke and to those Countries belong the people of Segotago Paghhuntanuck Pocopassum Taughtanakagnet Warbigganus Nassaque Masherosqueck Wawrigweck Mosâ—oquen Wakcogo Pasharanack c. To these are alied in confederacy the Countries of Ancocisco Accomynticus Passataquack Aggawom and Naemkeck All these for any thing I could perceiue differ little in language fashion or gouernment though most of them be Lords of themselues yet they hold the Bashabes of Penobscot the chiefe and greatest amongst them The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts two pleasant Iles of Groues Gardens and Corne fields a league in the Sea from the maine Then Totant Massachuset Topent Secassaw Totheet Nasnocomacack Accomack Chawum Patuxet Massasoyts Pakanokick then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet and the I le Nawset of the language and aliance of them of Chawum the others are called Massachusets and differ somewhat in language custome and condition for their Trade and Merchandize to each of their principall families or habitations they haue diuers Townes and people belonging and by their relations and descriptions more then twentie seuerall habitations and riuers that stretch themselues farre into the Countrey euen to the Borders of diuers great Lakes where they kill and take most of their Otters from Pennobscot to Sagadaboc This Coast is mountainous and Iles of huge Rockes but ouer-growne for most part with most sorts of excellent good woods for building Houses Boats Barks or Ships with an incredible abundance of most sorts of Fish much Fowle and sundry sorts of good Fruits for mans vse Betwixt Sagadahock Sowocatuck there is but two or three Sandy Bayes but betwixt that and Cape Iames very many especially the Coast of the Massachusets is so indifferently mixed with high Clay or Sandy clifts in one place and the tracts of large long ledges of diuers sorts and Quaries of stones in other places so strangely diuided with tinctured veines of diuers colours as Free-stone for building Slate for tyling smooth stone to make Furnasses and Forges for Glasse and Iron and Iron Ore sufficient conueniently to melt in them but the most part so resembleth the Coast of Deuonshire I thinke most of the clifts would make such Lime-stone if they bee not of these qualities they are so like they may deceiue a better iudgement then mine all which are so neere adioyning to those other aduantages I obserued in these parts that if the Ore proue as good Iron and Steele in those parts as I know it is within the bounds of the Countrey I dare ingage my head hauing but men skilfull to worke the Simples there growing to haue all things belonging to the building and rigging of ships of any proportion and good Merchandise for their fraught within a square of ten or foureteene leagues and it were no hard matter to proue it within a lesse limitation And surely by reason of those sandy clifts and clifts of rocks both which we saw so planted with Gardens and Corne fields and so well inhabited with a goodly strong and well proportioned people besides the greatnesse of the Timber growing on them the greatnesse of the Fish and the moderate temper of the aire for of fiue and forty not a man was sicke but two that were many yeares diseased before they went notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall diet who can but approue this a most excellent place both for health and fertilitie and of all the foure parts of the world I haue yet seene not inhabited could I haue but means to transport a Colony I would rather liue here then any where and if it did not maintaine it selfe were we but once indifferently well fitted let vs starue The maine staple from hence to bee extracted for the present to produce the rest is Fish which howbeit may seeme a meane and a base Commoditie yet who will but truly take the paines and consider the sequell I thinke will allow it well worth the labour It is strange to see what great aduentures the hopes of setting forth men of warre to rob the industrious innocent would procure or such massie promises in grosse though more are choaked then well fed with such hastie hopes But who doth not know that the poore Hollanders chiefely by fishing at a great charge and labour in all weathers in the open Sea are made a people so hardy and industrious and by the venting this poore Commoditie to the Easterlings for as
more plaine spectacle of desolation or more barren I know not yet are those rocky Iles so furnished with good Woods Springs Fruits Fish and Fowle and the Sea the strangest Fish-pond I euer saw that it makes me thinke though the coast be rocky and thus affrightable the Vallies and Plaines and interior parts may well notwithstanding be very fertill But there is no Country so fertill hath not some part barren and New-England is great enough to make many Kingdomes and Countries were it all inhabited As you passe the coast still westward Accominticus and Passataquack are two conuenient Harbours for small Barkes and a good Country within their craggy clifts Augoan is the next this place might content a right curious iudgement but there are many sands at the entrance of the Harbour and the worst is it is imbayed too farre from the deepe Sea here are many rising hils and on their tops and descents are many corne fields and delightfull groues On the East is an I le of two or three leagues in length the one halfe plaine marish ground fit for pasture or salt Ponds with many faire high groues of Mulbery trees and Gardens there is also Okes Pines Walnuts and other wood to make this place an excellent habitation being a good and safe Harbour Naiâ—mkeck though it be more rocky ground for Augoan is sandy not much inferiour neither for the harbour nor any thing I could perceiue but the multitude of people from hence doth stretch into the Sea the faire headland Tragabigzanda now called Cape An fronted with the three Iles wee called the three Turkes heads to the north of this doth enter a great Bay where we found some habitations and Corne fields they report a faire Riuer and at least 30. habitations doth possesse this Country But because the French had got their trade I had no leisure to discouer it the Iles of Mattahunts are on the west side of this Bay where are many Iles and some Rocks that appeare a great height aboue the water like the Pyramides in Aegypt and amongst them many good Harbours and then the country of the Massachusits which is the Paradice of all those parts for here are many Iles planted with Corne Groues Mulberies saluage Gardens and good Harbours the Coast is for the most part high clayie sandy clifts the sea Coast as you passe shewes you all along large Corne fields and great troupes of well proportioned people but the French hauing remained here neere six weekes left nothing for vs to take occasion to examine the Inhabitants relations viz. if there be three thousand people vpon those Iles and that the Riuer doth pierce many daies iourney the entrailes of that Country we found the people in those parts very kinde but in their fâ—ry no lesse valiant for vpon a quarrell we fought with forty or fifty of them till they had spent all their Arrowes and then we tooke six or seuen of their Canowes which towards the euening they ransomed for Beuer skinnes and at Quonahasit falling out there but with one of them he with three others crossed the Harbour in a Canow to certaine rockes whereby wee must passe and there let flie their Arrowes for our shot till we were out of danger yet one of them was slaine and another shot through his thigh Then come you to Accomacke an excellent good Harbour good land and no want of any thing but industrious people after much kindnesse wee fought also with them though some were hurt some slaine yet within an houre after they became friends Cape Cod is the next presents it selfe which is onely a headland of high hils ouer-growne with shrubby Pines hurts and such trash but an excellent harbour for all weathers This Cape is made by the maine Sea on the one side and a great Bay on the other in forme of a Sickell on it doth inhabit the people of Pawmet and in the bottome of the Bay them of Chawum towards the South and South-west of this Cape is found a long and dangerous shoule of rocks and sand but so farre as I incercled it I found thirty fathome water and a strong currant which makes mee thinke there is a chanell about this Shoule where is the best and greatest fish to be had winter and summer in all the Country but the Saluages say there is no Chanell but that the Shoales beginne from the maine at Pawmâ—t to the I le of Nawset and so extends beyond their knowledge into the Sea The next to this is Capawucke and those abounding Countries of Copper Corne People and Mineralls which I went to discouer this last yeeâ—e but because I miscarried by the way I will leaue them till God please I haue better acquaintance with them The Massachusets they report sometimes haue warres with the Bashabes of Pennobscot are not alwaies friends with them of Chawum and their alliance but now they are all friends and haue each trade with other so farre as they haue society on each others frontiers for they make no such voyages as from Pennobscot to Cape Cod seldome to Massachset In the North as I haue said they haue begun to plant Corne whereof the south part hath such plenty as they haue what they will from them of the North and in the Winter much more plenty of fish and fowle but both Winter Summer hath it in one part or other all the yeere being the meane and most indifferent temper betwixt heat and cold of all the Regions betwixt the Line and the Pole but the Furs Northward are much better and in much more plenty then Southward The remarkablest Iles and Mountaines for land Markes are these the highest Ile is Sorico in the Bay of Pennobscot but the three Iles and the Iles of Matinack are much further in the Sea Merynacus is also three plaine Iles but many great Rocks Monahigan is a round high I le and close by it Monanis betwixt which is a small Harbour where we rid in Damerils Iles is such another Sagadahocke is knowne by Satquin and foure or fiue Iles in their mouth Smiths Iles are a heape together none neere them against Accomintycus the three Turkes heads are three Iles seene farre to Sea-ward in regard of the Head-land The chiefe Head-lands are onely Cape Tragabigzanda and Cape Cod now called Cape Iames and Cape Aâ—ne The chiefe Mountaines them of Pennobscot the twinkling Mountaine of Acocisco the great Mountaine of Sassanow and the high Mountaine of Mâ—ssâ—câ—uset Each of which you shall finde in the Map their places forme and alâ—â—â—des The waters are most pure proceeding from the intrailes of rocky Mountaâ—â—es the Herbs and Fruits are of many sorts and kinds as Alkermes Currans Muâ—beries Vines Respises Gooseberies Plums Wall-nuts Chesse-nuts Small 〈◊〉 Pumpions Gourds Strawberies Beanes Pease and Maize a kinde or two of Flax wherewith they make Nets Lines and Ropes both small and great very strong for their quantities Oake is the
those errors I haue committed if God please I liue my care and paines shall endeuour to be thankfull if I die accept my good will If any desire to be further satisfied what defect is found in this they shall finde supplied in me that thus freely haue throwne my selfe with my mite into the Treasury of my Countries good not doubting but God will stirre vp some noble spirits to consider and examine if worthy Columbus could giue the Spaniards any such certainties for his designe when Queene Isabel of Spaine set him forth with 15. saile and though I promise no Mines of gold yet the warlike Hollanders let vs imitate but not hate whose wealth and strength are good testimonies of their treasury gotten by fishing and New-England hath yeelded already by generall computation one hundred thousand pounds at the least Therefore honourable and worthy Country men let not the meannesse of the word fish distaste you for it will afford as good gold as the Mines of Guiana or Potâ—ssie with lesse hazard and charge and more certainty and facility I. S. I. S. FINIS Errata PAg. 1. line 7. for Quineth reade Guineth pag. 153. li. 5. reade from the company and li. 20. for 25000. pounds reade 2500. pounds pag. 164. li. 53. for 1500. men reade 150. men pag. 168. li. 11. for Goston reade Gofton and Coranto Quowarranto and li. 13 reade before the Iudges in Westminster hall for the Lords of his Maiesties Priuy Counsell There are many other errors which being but small I intreat the courteous reader to correct as he findeth them * Coelum non attimum mutant a These are said a thousaÌ„d yeares agoe to haue beene in the North parts of America b He is said to discover the Pole 1360. c Madoc ap Owâ—n Planted some remote Western parts 1170. d America named of Americus Vesputius which discovered les then Colon or S ir Sâ—bastian Cabot and the Continent later ColoÌ„ first found the Isles 1492. the Continenâ— 1498. Aboue a yeare after Cabot had don it He was set forth by Henry 7 and after by Hen. 8. Kniâ—hted and made grand Pilot of EnglaÌ„d by Ed. 6 Vnder whoÌ„ he procured the sending of S ir Hugh Willoughby discovery of Greenland and Russia having by himself discovered on America froÌ„ 67 North lat to neere â—o South * Virginia now inhabited and New-England Their arrivall â—â—pundance â—f Gâ—apes The I le of Wâ—kokon In Lybanus are not many Conference with a Salvage The Arriuall of the Kings brother Trade with the Salvages Note The Ile Roanoak The great courtesie of a Woman A banquet Skicoac a great towne Pomovik How the Country was called Virginia Sir Richard Grenvils voyage 1585. Their first Plantation Chawonock Chawonock 700. men Menatonon his Relations of the I le of Pearle and a rich Mine the Sea by it Pemissapan his trechery The discouery of the riuer Moratâ—c A noble resolution The strange Mine of Chaunis Temoatan The great currant of the river Moratâ—â— The Conspiracy of Pemissapan The death of a most rare Salvage A slaughter of two Salvages Pemissapan slaine and â— others A most generous courtesie of Sir Francis Drake Virginia abandoned CoÌ„modities Dyes A strange Salt Rootes Fruits that 's strange Beasts extraordinary Fish Foules Their Religion How the world was made How man was made How they vse their gods Whether they goe after death Two men risen from death The subtiltie of their Priests Their simplicitie Their desire of salvation A wonderfull Accident Their strange opinions Calling Sir Richard Grenvill left fiftie â—en Master White his Voyages 1687. One of the Councell slaine How the fiftie men were slainâ— An ill misprision A child borne in Virginia A controversie who to send for Factor to England Master White his returne to Virginia Captaine Spicer and seauen others drowned They finde where they had buryed their provisions The end of this Plantation 12. yeares it lay dead Their first landing Martha's Vineyard Elizabeths Island A ' Copper Mine Their return Dangerous shoules Cod and Whales Their first landing Pentecost harbour The Captains diligence Trade with the Salvages Their trechery Fiue Salvages surprised A description of the river The latitude The temperature The windes The entrances Cape Henry Cape Charles The Country The mountaines The soyle The valleyes Plaines The river Powhatan The branches Iames Towne The severall Inhabitants R. Pamavnkee The inhabitants Payankatank R. Toppahanock R. The inhabitants Patawomek R. The inhabitants Pawtuxunt R. Bolus R. The head of the Bay Sasquesahanock The description of a Sasquesahanough Tockwhogh R. Rapahanock R. Kuskarawaock R. Wighcocomoco R. Accomack R. Chawonock The severall languages Why there is little grasse Woods with their fruits Elme Walnuts Supposed Cypres Mulberries Chesnuts Cherries Vines Chechinquamins Rawcomens How they vse their fruits Walnut mille Gummes Cedats Saxafiastrees Berries Matoum Strawberries Hearbes Rootes Wigâ—sacan a roote Pocones a small roote Musquaspen a roote Pellitory Sasafrage Onyons Their chiefe beasts are Deere Aroughcun Squirrels Assapanick a Squirrel flying Opassom Mussascus Beares The Beaver Otters VtchuÌ„quoyes Foxes-Dogges Martins Polcats Weesels and Minkes Birds Fish The rockes How they divide the yeare How they prepare the ground How they plant How they vse their Corne. How they vse their fish and flesh Planted fruits A proofe cattell will liue well The Commodities The numbeâ—â— Seaven hundred men were the most were seene together when they thought to haue surprised Captaine Smith A description of the people The Barbers The constitution The disposition The possessions Their attire Their ornaments Their buildings Their lodgings Their gardens How they vse their children The industrie of their women How they strike fire The order of dyet How they make their bowâ—s and arrowes Their kniues Their Targets and Swords Their Boats How they spin Their fish-hookes How they hunt One Salvage hunting alone Their Consultations Their enemies Massawomekes Their offer of subiection Their manner of Battell Their Musicke Their entertainement Their trade Their Phisicke Their Chirurgery Their charms to cure Their God How they bury their Kings Their ordinary burials Their Temples Their ornaments for their Priests The times of solemnitieâ— Their coniurations Their Altars Sacrifices to the water Their solemn Sacrifices of children which they call Black-boyes Those Black-boyes are made so mad with a kind of drinke that they will doâ— any mischiefe at the command of their Keepers Their resurrection A description of Powhatan His attendaÌ„ce and watch His treasury His wiues His successors Their authoritie The tenor of their lands His manner of punishments â— 46. S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first mover of the action Orders for government Monica an vnfrequented Isle full of Birds Their first landing Matters of government The discovery of the Falles Powhatan The Fort assaulted by the Salvages Captain Newports returne for England S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The occasion of sicknesse The Sailers abuses A bad President Plentie vnexpected The building of Iames Towne The beginning of Trade
of Ravens a new Supply with their Accidents and Moores returne pag. 177 180. The rent of the six governours a wonderfull accident of Hilliard not much lesse then a miracle pag. 181.182 The government of Ca. Tuckar Assises the strange adventure of 5 men in a boat plants from the West Indies the endevours of Cap. Powell Assises The Country neer devoured with ratts their strange confusion The divisions of the Isles into Tribes and Tribes into shares by Mr. Norwood the names of the adventurers and their shares p. 182 189. The first Magazin two exployts of desperate fugitiues The returne of Cap. Tuckar Cap Kendall left deputy-governor their Accidents pag. 189-191 The government of Cap. Butler A platforme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano The refortifying the Kings Castle The arrivall of two Dutch Frigots The rebuilding the Mount and a Tombe for Sir George Somers The reformation of their lawes and officers Their Assises A Parliament Their acts their opinion of the Magazin The building three Bridges The generall Assises A strange deliverance of a Spanish wracke A strange Sodomy many Ordnances got from wracks Their estates present p. 191-199 Master Barnard sent to be governour his arrivall death and funerall with the proceedings of Mr. Harrison his successor Cap. Woodhouse their governor pag. 200-201 Certaine Verses of Master Withers and other Gentlemen The sixt Booke A Mappe of New-England How this Country hath bin accounted but a miserable Desert Captain Smiths first voyage what peace and warres he had with the Salvages and within 6. moneths returned with 1500l. worths of commodities got Prince Charles to call it New-England A Table of the old names and the new pag. 203 205. Cap. Hobsons voyage to Capan the Londoners apprehend it The situation notes for ignorant vndertakers The description of the Country Staple Commodities present proofe of the healthfulnesse of the clime Observations of the Hollanders chiefe trade p. 209. Examples of the altitude comparatiuely the reasons why to plant it An example of the gaines every yeare a description of 15. severall Countries in particular Of their Kings rivers harbors Isles mountains landmarks fruits woods birds fishes beasts c. and how as well Gentlemen as mecanicks may be imployed get much wealth with the reasons and causes of the defaylements p. 206 221. Cap. Smiths second voyage his ship neere foundered in the Sea He reimbarketh himselfe incountreth the English Pyrats fought with the French Pyrates is betrayed by 4. French men of warre how he was released his men ran from him with ship and all how he lived with the French men what fights they had what prizes they tooke the French mens ingratitude 13 sayle cast away how he escaped proceeded in France returned for England and punished them ran from him pag. 222 227. The yearely trialls of New-England the benefit of fishing as Mr. Dee and divers report and approoved by the Hollanders Records how it becomes so well apprehended that more then 150. haue gone thither to fish with an estimate of their gaines with many observations and Accidents pag. 228-230 A Plantation in New-England their first landing divers iourneys accidents the description of the harbors bayes lakes and that place they inhabit called New-Plimouth conference with the Salvages and kinde vsage of the King of the Massasoyts a strange policie of Tusquantum pag. 230 234. The Salvages make warres for their friendships the English revenge their friends iniuries Notes and observations They lived two yeares without Supplyes the death of Tusquantum they contriue to murther the English how the English did cure a King sicke to death two most desperate Salvages the courage of Cap. Standish the Salvages sue for peace pag. 235 239. A most remarkable observation of Gods loue 40 sayle fished thâ—re this yeare the religion of the Salvages the government an answer to obiections considerations the charge the order of the Western men p. 140 142. The effects of shipping the Popes order for the East and West Indies How to build a little navy royall contention for New-EnglaÌ„d The necessitie of martiall power p. 243-244 The charge to set forth a ship of a 100. tuns both to make a fishing voyage increase the plantation The facilitie of the fishing lately observed Their present estate at New-Plimouth and order of government It s not his part that is the best Translator To render word for word to every Author HOW ANCIENT AVTHORS REPORT THE NEVV-VVORLD Now called America was discovered and part thereof first Planted by the ENGLISH called VIRGINIA with the Accidents and Proceedings of the same ⧠The first Booke FOR the Stories of Arthur Malgo and Brandon that say a thousand yeares agoe they were in the North of America or the Fryer of Linn that by his blacke Art went to the North pole in the yeare 1360. in that I know them not Let this suffice The Chronicles of Wales report that Madock sonne to Owen Quineth Prince of Wales seeing his two brethren at debate who should inherit prepared certaine Ships with men and munition and left his Country to seeke aduentures by Sea leauing Ireland North he sayled west till he came to a Land vnknowne Returning home and relating what pleasant and fruitfull Countries he had seene without Inhabitants and for what barren ground his brethren and kindred did murther one another he provided a number of Ships and got with him such men and women as were desirous to liue in quietnesse that arriued with him in this new Land in the yeare 1170 Left many of his people there and returned for more But where this place was no History can show The Spanyards say Hanno a Prince of Carthage was the first and the next Christopher Cullumbus a Genoesian whom they sent to discover those vnknowne parts 1492. But we finde by Records Cullumbus offered his seruice in the yeare 1488. to King Henry the seauenth and by accident vndertooke it for the Spanyards In the Interim King Henry gaue a Commission to Iohn Cabot and his three sonnes Sebastian Lewis and Sautius Iohn and Sebastian well provided setting sayle ranged a great part of this vnknowne world in the yeare 1497. For though Cullumbus had found certaine Iles it was 1498. ere he saw the Continent which was a yeare after Cabot Now Americus came a long time after though the whole Continent to this day is called America after his name yet Sebastian Cabot discovered much more then them all for he sayled to about forty degrees Southward of the lyne and to sixty-seauen towards the North for which King Henry the eight Knighted him and made him grand Pilate of England Being very aged King Edward the sixt gaue him a Pention of 166l. 13â— 4d. yearely By his directions Sir Hugh Willowby was sent to finde out the Country of Russia but the next yeare he was found frozen to death in his Ship and all his Company Mr Martin Frobisher was sent in the yeare 1576. by our most gracious Queene
Elizabeth to search for the Northwest passage and Meta incognita for which he was Knighted honored and well rewarded Sir Humphrey Gilbert a worthy Knight attempted a Plantation in some of those parts and obtained Letters Pattents to his desire but with this Proviso He should maintaine possession in some of those vast Countries within the tearme of sixe yeares Yet when he was provided with a Navy able to incounter a Kings power even here at home they fell in diuisions and so into confusion that they gaue over the Designe ere it was begun notwithstanding all this losse his vndanted spirit began againe but his Fleet fell with New-found land and he perished in his returne as at large you may read in the third Volume of the English Voyages written by Mr Hackluit Vpon all those Relations and inducements Sir Walter Raleigh a noble Gentleman and then in great esteeme vndertooke to send to discover to the Southward And though his occasions and other imployments were such he could not goe himselfe yet he procured her Maiesties Letters Pattents and perswaded many worthy Knights and Gentlemen to adventure with him to finde a place fit for a Plantation Their Proceedings followeth The most famous renowned and euer worthy of all memory for her courage learning iudgement and vertue Queene Elizabeth granted her Letters Patents to Sir Walter Raleigh for the discovering and planting new Lands Countries not actually possessed by any Christians This Patenty got to be his assistants Sir Richard Grenvell the valiant Mr William Sanderson a great friend to all such noble and worthy actions and divers other Gentlemen and Marchants who with all speede prouided two small Barkes well furnished with all necessaries vnder the command of Captaine Philip Amidas and Captaine Barlow The 27. of Aprill they set sayle from the Thames the tenth of May passed the Canaries and the tenth of Iune the West Indies which vnneedfull Southerly course but then no better was knowne occasioned them in that season much sicknesse The second of Iuly they fell with the coast of Florida in shoule water where they felt a most dilicate sweete smell though they saw no land which ere long they espied thinking it the Continent an hundred and twenty myles they sayled not finding any harbor The first that appeared with much difficulty they entred and anchored and after thankes to God they went to view the next Land adioyning to take possession of it for the Queenes most excellent Maiestie which done they found their first landing place very sandy and low but so full of grapes that the very surge of the Sea sometimes over-flowed them of which they found such plenty in all places both on the sand the greene soyle and hils as in the plaines as well on euery little shrub as also climbing towardes the tops of high Cedars that they did thinke in the world were not the like abundance We passed by the Sea-side towards the tops of the next hills being not high from whence we might see the Sea on both sides and found it an I le of twentie myles in length and six in breadth the vallyes replenished with goodly tall Cedars Discharging our Muskets such a flocke of Cranes the most white arose by vs with such a cry as if an Army of men had shouted altogether This I le hath many goodly Woods and Decre Conies and Foule in incredible abundance and vsing the Authors owne phrase the Woods are not such as you finde in Bohemia Moscovia or Hercinia barren and fruitlesse but the highest and reddest Cedars of the world bettering them of the Assores Indies or Libanus Pynes Cypres Saxefras the Lentisk that beareth Mastick and many other of excellent smell and qualitie Till the third day we saw not any of the people then in a little Boat three of them appeared one of them went on shore to whom wee rowed and he attended vs without any signe of feare after he had spoke much though we vnderstood not a word of his owne accord he came boldly aboord vs we gaue him a shirt a hat wine and meate which he liked well and after he had well viewed the barkes and vs he went away in his owne Boat and within a quarter of a myle of vs in halfe an houre had loaden his Boat with fish with which he came againe to the poynt of land and there devided it in two parts poynting one part to the Ship the other to the Pinnace and so departed The next dâ—y came diuers Boats and in one of them the Kings Brother with forty or fifty men proper people and their behauiour very ciuill his name was Granganameâ— the King is called Wingina the Country Wingandacoa Leauing his Boats a little from our Ships he came with his trayne to the poynt where spreading a Matte he sat downe Though we came to him well armed he made signes to vs to sit downe without any shew of feare stroking his head and brest and also ours to expresse his loue After he had made a long speech vnto vs we presented him with diuers toyes which he kindly accepted He was greatly regarded by his people for none of them did sit nor speake a word but foure on whom we bestowed presents also but he tooke all from them making signes all things did belong to him The King himselfe in a conflict with a King his next neighbour and mortall enemy was shot in two places through the body and the thigh yet recouered whereby he lay at his chiefe towne six dayes iourney from thence A day or two after shewing them what we had Granganamco taking most liking to a Pewter dish made a hole in it hung it about his necke for a brest-plate for which he gaue vs twenty Deere skins worth twenty Crownes and for a Copper Kettell fiftie skins worth fiftie Crownes Much other trucke we had and after two dayes he came aboord and did eate and drinke with vs very merrily Not long after he brought his wife and children they were but of meane stature but well fauoured and very bashfull she had a long coat of Leather and about her privities a peece of the same about her forehead a band of white Corrall and so had her husband in her eares were bracelets of pearle hanging downe to her middle or the bignesse of great Pease the rest of the women had Pendants of Copper and the Noblemen fiue or sixe in an eare his apparrell as his wiues onely the women weare their haire long on both sides and the men but on one they are of colour yellow but their hayre is blacke yet we saw children that had very fayre Chesnut coloured hayre After that these women had beene here with vs there came downe from all parts great store of people with Leather Corrall and diuers kinde of dyes but when Granganameo was present none durst trade but himselfe and them that wore red Copper on their heads as he did When
or foes Though I did forsee the danger and misery yet the desire I had to see the Mangoaks was for that there is a prouince called Chaunis Temoatan frequented by them and well knowne to all those Countries where is a mine of Copper they call Wassador they say they take it out of a riuer that falleth swiftly from high rocks in shallow water in great Bowles couered with leather leauing a part open to receiue the mettall which by the change of the colour of the water where the spout falleth they suddainly chop downe and haue the Bowlefull which they cast into the fire it presently melteth and doth yeeld in fiue parts at the first melting two parts mettall for three of Ore The Mangoaks haue such plenty of it they beautifie their houses with great plates thereof this the Salvages report and young Skiko the King of Chawonocks sonne my prisoner that had beene prisoner among the Mangoakâ— but neuer at Chaunis Temoatan for he sayd that was twentie dayes iourney oveâ— and â—rom the Mangoaks Menatonon also confirmed all this and promised me guids to this mettall Country by Land to the Mangoaks is but one dayes iourney but seauen by water which made me so willing to haue met them for some assay of this mettall but when we came there we found no creature onely we might see where had beene their fires After our two dayes iourney and our victuals spent in the euening we heard some call as we thought Manteo who was with me in the boat this made vs glad he made them a friendly answer which they answered with a song we thought for welcome but he told vs they came to fight Presently they did let flie their Arrowes about the boat but did no hurt the other boat scouring the shore we landed but they all were fled and how to finde them wee knew not So the next morning we returned to the mouth of the riuer that cost vs foure dayes rowing vp and here our dogs pottage stood vs in good stead for we had nothing els the next day we fasted being windbound and could not passe the sound but the day following we came to Chippanum where the people were fled but their wires afforded vs fish thus being neare spent the next day God brought vs to Roanocke I conclude a good Mine or the South sea will make this Country quickly inhabited and so for pleasure and profit comparable with any in the world otherwise there will be nothing worth the fetching Provided there be found a better harbour then yet there is which must be Northward if there be any Master Vaughan no lesse hoped of the goodnesse of the Mine then Master Heriot that the riuer Moratocks head either riseth by the Bay of Mexico or very neare the South Sea or some part that openeth neare the same which cannot with that facilitie be done as from the Bay of Pearles by insconsing foure dayes iourney to the Chawonoks Mangoaks and Moratocks c. The conspiracy of Pemissapan the Discouery of it and our returne for England with Sir Francis Drake ENsenore a Saluage father to Pemissapan the best friend we had after the death of Granganimeo when I was in those Discoueries could not prevaile any thing with the King from destroying vs that all this time God had preserued by his good counsell to the King to be friendly vnto vs. Pemissapan thinking as the brute was in this last iourney we were slaine and starued began to blaspheme our God that would suffer it and not defend vs so that old Ensenore had no more credit for vs for he began by all the deuises he could to inuade vs. But in the beginning of this brute when they saw vs all returne the report false and had Manteo and three Saluages more with vs how little we esteemed all the people we met and feared neither hunger killing or any thing and had brought their greatest Kings sonne prisoner with vs to Roanock it a little asswaged all his deuises and brought Ensenore in respect againe that our God was good and wee their friends and our foes should perish for we could doâ— them more hurt being dead then liuing and that being an hundred myles from them shot and strucke them sicke to death and that when we die it is but for a time then we returne againe But that which wrought the most feare among them was the handy-worke of Almightie God For certaine dayes after my returne Menatonon sent messengers to me with Pearle and Okisco King of Weopomcoke to yeeld himselfe seruant to the Queene of England Okisco with twenty-foure of his principall men came to Pemissapan to acknowledge this dutie and subiection and would performe it All which so changed the heart of Pemissapan that vpon the aduise of Ensenore when we were ready to famish they came and made vs wires and planted their fields they intended to abandon we not hauing one corne till the next haruest to sustaine vs This being done our old friend Ensenore dyed the twenty of Aprill then all our enemies wrought with Pemissapan to put in practise his deuises which he easily imbraced though they had planted corne by vs and at Dasamonpeack two leagues from vs. Yet they got Okisco our tributary to get seuen or eight hundred and the Mandoages with the Chisapeans should doe the like to meete as their custome is to solemnize the Funerall of Ensenore Halfe of whom should lye hid to cut off the straglers seeking crabs and prouision the rest come out of the mayne vpon the Signall by fire Twenty of the principall of Pemissapans men had charge in the night to beset my house put fire in the Reeds that couered it which might cause me run out so naked and amazed they might without danger knocke out my braines The same order for Mr Heriots and the rest for all should haue beene fired at an instant In the meane time they should sell vs nothing and in the night spoyle our wires to make nenessitie disperse vs. For if we were but ten together a hundred of them would not meddle with vs. So our famine increased I was forced to send Captaine Stafford to Croatan with twentie to feed himselfe and see if he could espie any sayle passe the coast Mr Predeox with ten to Hatarask vpon the same occasion and other small parties to the Mayne to liue vpon rootes and Oysters Pemissapan sequestring himselfe I should not importune him for victuall and to draw his troupes found not the Chawonests so forward as he expected being a people more faithfull and powerfull and desired our friendships and was offended with him for raising such tales and all his proiects were revealed to me by Skico my prisoner who finding himselfe as well vsed by me as Pemissapan tould me all These troubles caused me send to Pemissapan to put suspition in his head I was to goe presently to Croatan to meete a Fleete came to me though I knew
Vpon these they offer bloud Deere suet and Tobacco This they doe when they returne from the Warres from hunting and vpon many other occasions They haue also another superstition that they vse in stormes when the waters are rough in the Rivers and Sea coasts Their Coniurers runne to the water sides or passing in their boats after many hellish outcryes and invocations they cast Tobacco Copper Pocones or such trash into the water to pacific that God whom they thinke to be very angry in those stormes Before their dinners and suppers the better sort will take the first bit and cast it in the fire which is all the grace they are knowne to vse In some part of the Country they haue yearely a sacrifice of children Such a one was at Quiyoughcohanock some ten myles from Iames Towne and thus performed Fifteene of the properest young boyes betweene ten and fifteene yeares of age they painted white Having brought them forth the people spent the forenoonâ— in dancing and singing about them with Rattles In the afternoone they put those children to the roote of a tree By them all the men stood in a guard every one having a Bastinado in his hand made of reeds bound together This made a lane betweene them all along through which there were appointed fiue young men to fetch these children so every one of the fiue went through the guard to fetch a childe each after other by turnes the guard fiercely beating them with their Bastinadoes and they patiently enduring and receiuing all defending the children with their naked bodies from the vnmercifull blowes that pay them soundly though the children escape All this while the women weepe and cry out very passionately prouiding mats skins mosse and dry wood as things fitting their childrens funerals After the children were thus passed the guard the guard tore down the trees branches boughs with such violence that they rent the body and made wreaths for their heads or bedecked their hayre with the leaues What els was done with the children was not seene but they were all cast on a heape in a valley as dead where thâ—y made a great feast for all the company The Werowance being demanded the meaning of â—his sacrifice answered that the children were not all dead but that the Okee or Divell did sucke the bloud from their left breast who chanced to be his by lot till they were dead but the rest were kept in the wildernesse by the young men till nine moneths were expired during which time they must not converse with any and of these were made their Priests and Coniurers This sacrifice they held to be so necessary that if they should omit it their Okee or Devill and all their other Quiyoughcosughes which are their other Gods would let them haue no Deere Turkies Corne nor fish and yet besides he would make a great slaughter amongst them They thinke that their Werowances and Priests which they also esteeme Quiyoughcosughes when they are dead doe goe beyond the mountaines towards the setting of the sunne and ever remaine there in forme of their Okee with their heads painted with oyle and Pocones finely trimmed with feathers and shall haue beads hatchets copper and Tobacco doing nothing but dance and sing with all their Predecessors But the common people they suppose shall not liue after death but rot in their graues like dead dogs To divert them from this blind Idolatry we did our best endevours chiefly with the Werowance of Quiyoughcohanock whose devotion apprehension and good disposition much exceeded any in those Countries with whom although we could not as yet prevaile to forsake his false Gods yet this he did beleeue that our God as much exceeded theirs as our Gunnes did their Bowes Arrowes and many times did send to me to Iames Towne intreating me to pray to my God for raine for their Gods would not send them any And in this lamentable ignorance doe these poore soules sacrifice themselues to the Devill not knowing their Creator and we had not language sufficient so plainly to expresse it as make them vnderstand it which God grant they may For Religion 't is that doth distinguish vs From their bruit humor well we may it know That can with vnderstanding argue thus Our God is truth but they cannot doe so Of the manner of the Virginians Government ALthough the Country people be very barbarous yet haue they amongst them such government as that their Magistrates for good commanding and their people for due subiection and obeying excell many places that would be counted very civill The forme of their Common-wealth is a Monarchicall government one as Emperour ruleth ouer many Kings or Governours Their chiefe ruler is called Powhatan and taketh his name of his principall place of dwelling called Powhatan But his proper name is Wahunsonacock Some Countries he hath which haue beene his ancestors and came vnto him by inheritance as the Country called Powhatan Arrohateck Appamatuck Pamavnkee Youghtanund and Mattapanient All the rest of his Territories expressed in the Mappe they report haue beene his severall Conquests In all his ancient inheritances he hath houses built after their manner like arbours some 30. some 40. yards long and at every house provision for his entertainement according to the time At Werowcomoco on the Northside of the river Pamavnkee was his residence when I was delivered him prisoner some 14 myles from Iames Towne where for the most part he was resident but at last he tooke so little pleasure in our neare neighbourhood that he retired himselfe to Orapakes in the desert betwixt Chickahamanâ—a and Youghtanund He is of personage a tall well proportioned man with a sower looke his head somwhat gray his beard so thinne that it seemeth none at all his age neare sixtie of a very able and hardy body to endure any labour About his person ordinarily attendeth a guard of 40 or 50 of the tallest men his Country doth afford Every night vpon the foure quarters of his house are foure Sentinels each from other a flight shoot and at every halfe houre one from the Corps du guard doth hollow shaking his lips with his finger betweene them vnto whom every Sentinell doth answer round from his stand if any faile they presently send forth an officer that beateth him extreamely A myle from Orapakes in a thicket of wood he hath a house in which he keepeth his kinde of Treasure as skinnes copper pearle and beads which he storeth vp against the time of his death and buriall Here also is his store of red paint for oyntment bowes and arrowes Targets and clubs This house is fiftie or sixtie yards in length frequented onely by Priests At the foure corners of this house stand foure Images as Sentinels one of a Dragon another a Beare the third like a Leopard and the fourth like a giantlike man all made evill favouredly according to their best workemanship He hath as
many women as he will whereof when he lieth on his bed one sitteth at his head and another at his feet but when he sitteth one sitteth on his right hand and another on his left As he is weary of his women he bestoweth them on those that best deserue them at his hands When he dineth or suppeth one of his women before and after meat bringeth him water in a wooden platter to wash his hands Another waiteth with a bunch of feathers to wipe them in stead of a Towell and the feathers when he hath wiped are dryed againe His kingdomes descend not to his sonnes nor children but first to his brethren whereof he hath 3. namely Opitchapan Opechancanough and Catataugh and after their decease to his sisters First to the eldest sister then to the rest and after them to the heires male or female of the eldest sister but never to the heires of the males He nor any of his people vnderstand any letters whereby to write or reade onely the lawes whereby he ruleth is custome Yet when he listeth his will is a law and must be obeyed not onely as a King but as halfe a God they esteeme him His inferiour Kings whom they call Werowances are tyed to rule by customes and haue power of life and death at their command in tâ—at nature But this word Werowance which we call and construe for a King is a common word whereby they call all commanders for they haue but few words in their language and but few occasions to vse any officers more then one commander which commonly they call Werowance or Caucorouse which is Captaine They all know their severall lands and habitations and limits to fish soule or hunt in but they hold all of their great Werowance Powhatan vnto whom they pay tribute of skinnes beads copper pearle deere turkies wild beasts and corne What he commandeth they dare not disobey in the least thing It is strange to see with what great feare and adoration all these people doe obey this Powhatan For at his feet they present whatsoever he commandeth and at the least frowne of his brow their greatest spirits will tremble with feare and no marvell for he is very terrible tyrannous in punishing such as offend him For example he caused certaine malefactors to be bound hand and foot then having of many fires gathered great store of burning coales they rake these coales round in the forme of a cockpit and in the midst they cast the offenders to broyle to death Sometimes he causeth the heads of them that offend him to be laid vpon the altar or sacrificing stone and one with clubbes beats out their braines When he would punish any notorious enemy or malefactor he causeth him to be tyed to a tree and with Mussell shels or reeds the executioner cutteth off his ioynts one after another ever casting what they cut of into the fire then doth he proceed with shels and reeds to case the skinne from his head and face then doe they rip his belly and so burne him with the tree and all Thus themselues reported they executed George Cassen Their ordinary correction is to beate them with cudgels We haue seene a man kneeling on his knees and at Powhatans command two men haue beate him on the bare skin till he hath fallen senselesse in a sound and yet never cry nor complained And he made a woman for playing the whore sit vpon a great stone on her bare breech twenty-foure houres onely with corne and water every three dayes till nine dayes were past yet he loued her exceedingly notwithstanding there are common whores by profession In the yeare 1608 he surprised the people of Payankatank his neare neighbours and subiects The occasion was to vs vnknowne but the manner was thus First he sent divers of his men as to lodge amongst them that night then the Ambuscadoes environed all their houses and at the houre appointed they all fell to the spoyle twenty-foure men they slew the long haire of the one side of their heads with the skinne cased off with shels or reeds they brought away They surprised also the women and the children and the Werowance All these they presented to Powhatan The Werowance women and children became his prisoners and doe him service The lockes of haire with their skinnes he hanged on a line betwixt two trees And thus he made ostentation of his triumph at Werowocomoco where he intended to haue done as much to mee and my company And this is as much as my memory can call to minde worthy of note which I haue purposely collected to satisfie my friends of the true worth and qualitie of Virginia Yet some bad natures will not sticke to slander the Countrey that will slovenly spit at all things especially in company where they can finde none to contradict them Who though they were scarce enâ—r ten myles from Iames Towne or at the most but at the falles yet holding it a great disgrace that amongst so much action their actions were nothing exclaime of all things though they never adventured to know any thing nor euer did any thing but devoure the fruits of other mens labours Being for most part of such tender educations and small experience in Martiall accidents because they found not English Cities nor such faire houses nor at their owne wishes any of their accustomed dainties with feather beds and downe pillowes Tavernes and Alehouses in every breathing place neither such plentie of gold and silver and dissolute libertie as they expected had little or no care or any thing but to pamper their bellies to fly away with our Pinnaces or procure their meanes to returne for England For the Country was to them a misery a ruine a death a hell and their reports here and their actions there according Some other there were that had yearely stipends to passe to and againe for transportation who to keepe the mysterie of the businesse in themselues though they had neither time nor meanes to know much of themselues yet all mens actions or relations they so formally tuned to the temporizing times simplicitie as they could make their ignorances seeme much more then all the true actors could by their experience And those with their great words deluded the world with such strange promises as abused the businesse much worse then the rest For the businesse being builded vpon the foundation of their fained experience the planters the money and meanes haue still miscarried yet they ever returning and the planters so farre absent who could contradict their excuses which still to maintaine their vaine glory and estimation from time to time haue vsed such diligence as made them passe for truths though nothing more false And that the adventurers might be thus abused let no man wonder for the wisest liuing is soonest abused by him that hath a faire tongue and a dissembling heart There were many in Virginia meerely proiecting verball and idle
many vollies of shot for flights of Arrowes Captaine Smith hearing of this in returning to the Fort tooke two Salvages prisoners called Kemps and Tussore the two most exact villaines in all the Country With these he sent Captaine Winne and fiftie choise men and Lieutenant Percie to haue regained the King and revenged this iniury and so had done if they had followed his directions or beene advised with those two villaines that would haue betrayed both King kindred for a peece of Copper but he trifling away the night the Salvages the next morning by the rising of the Sunne braved him to come ashore to fight a good time both sides let fly at other but we heard of no hurt onely they tooke two Canowes burnt the Kings house and so returned to Iames towne The President fearing those Bravado's would but incourage the Salvages began againe himselfe to try his conclusions whereby six or seauen were slaine as many made prisoners He burnt their houses tooke their Boats with all their fishing wires and planted some of them at Iames towne for his owne vse and now resolved not to cease till he had revenged himselfe of all them had iniured him But in his iourney passing by Paspahegh towards Chickahamania the Salvages did their best to draw him to their Ambuscadoes but seeing him regardlesly passe their Country all shewed themselues in their bravest manner To try their valours he could not but let fly and ere he could land they no sooner knew him but they threw downe their armes and desired peace Their Orator was a lustie young fellow called Okaning whose worthy discourse deserveth to be remembred And thus it was Captaine Smith my Master is here present in the company thinking it Capt. Winne and not you of him he intended to haue beene revenged having never offended him If he hath offended you in escaping your imprisonment the fishes swim the foules fly and the very beasts striue to escape the snare and liue Then blame not him being a man He would intreat you remember you being a prisoner what paines he tooke to saue your life If since he hath iniured you he was compelled to it but howsoeuer you haue revenged it with our too great losse We perceive and well know you intend to destroy vs that are here to intreat and desire your friendship and to enioy our houses and plant our fields of whose fruit you shall participate otherwise you will haue the worse by our absence for we can plant any where though with more labour and we know you cannot liue if you want our harvest and that reliefe we bring you If you promise vs peace we will beleeue you if you proceed in revenge we will abandon the Country Vpon these tearmes the President promised them peace till they did vs iniury vpon condition they should bring in provision Thus all departed goods friends and so continued till Smith left the Countrey Arriving at Iames Towne complaint was made to the President that the Chickahamanians who all this while continued trade and seemed our friends by colour thereof were the onely theeues And amongst other things a Pistoll being stolne and the theefe fled there was apprehended two proper young fellowes that were brothers knowne to be his confederates Now to regaine this Pistoll the one was imprisoned the other was sent to returne the Pistoll againe within twelue houres or his brother to be hanged Yet the President pittying the poore naked Salvage in the dungeon sent him victuall and some Char-coale for a fire ere midnight his brother returned with the Pistoll but the poore Salvage in the dungeon was so smoothered with the smoake he had made and so pittiously burnt that wee found him dead The other most lamentably bewayed his death and broke forth into such bitter agonies that the President to quiet him told him that if hereafter they would not steale he would make him aliue againe but he little thought he could be recovered Yet we doing our best with Aqua vitae and Vineger it pleased God to restore him againe to life but so drunke affrighted that he seemed Lunaticke the which as much tormented and grieued the other as before to see him dead Of which maladie vpon promise of their good behaviour the President promised to recover him and so caused him to be layd by a fire to sleepe who in the morning having well slept had recovered his perfect senses and then being dressed of his burning and each a peece of Copper giuen them they went away so well contented that this was spread among all the Salvages for a miracle that Captaine Smith could make a man aliue that was dead Another ingenuous Salvage of Powhatans having gotten a great bag of Powder and the backe of an Armour at Werowocomoco amongst a many of his companions to shew his extraordinary skill he did dry it on the backe as he had seene the Souldiers at Iames Towne But he dryed it so long they peeping over it to see his skill it tooke fire and blew him to death and one or two more and the rest so scorched they had little pleasure to meddle any more with powder These and many other such pretty Accidents so amazed and affrighted both Powhatan and all his people that from all parts with presents they desired peace returning many stolne things which we never demanded nor thought of and after that those that were taken stealing both Powhatan and his people haue sent them backe to Iames towne to receiue their punishment and all the Country became absolute as free for vs as for themselues CHAP. XI What was done in three moneths having Victualls The Store devoured by Rats how we liued three moneths of such naturall fruits as the Country affoorded NOw we so quietly followed our businesse that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre Pitch and Sope ashes produced a tryall of Glasse made a Well in the Fort of excellent sweet water which till then was wanting built some twentie houses recovered our Church provided Nets and Wires for fishing and to stop the disorders of our disorderly theeues and the Salvages built a Blockhouse in the neck of our Isle kept by a Garrison to entertaine the Saluages trade and none to passe nor repasse Saluage nor Christian without the presidents order Thirtie or forty Acres of ground we digged and planted Of three sowes in eighteene moneths increased 60 and od Piggs And neere 500. chickings brought vp themselues without hauing any meat giuen them but the Hogs were transported to Hogâ—Isle where also we built a block-house with a garison to giue vs notice of any shipping and for their exercise they made Clapbord and waynicot and cut downe trees We built also a fort for a retreat neere a conuement Riuer vpon a high commanding hill very hard to be assalted and easie to be defended but ere it was finished this defect caused a stay In searching our casked
Padget 5. Pembrok 6. Cauendish 7. Smith 8. Hambleton St Catherins forte F Pembroks forte K Kings Castell M Southampton forte L Devonshire Redute O A Scale of 8 Miles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 St George Towne D Warwicks forte E The 3 Bridges A.B.C. P Riches Mount State house The Letters A.B.C. shew the sittuation of the 3 bridges P the Mount D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O. the forts how and by whom they wer made the history will shew you The discription of the land by Mr Norwood All contracted into this order by Captaine Iohn Smith Smiths forte I Pagets forte H Penistons Redoute G Charles forte N Printed by Iames Reeve THE FOVRTH BOOKE TO MAKE PLAINE THE TRVE PROCEEdings of the Historie for 1609. we must follow the examinations of Doctor Simons and two learned Orations published by the Companie with the relation of the Right Honourable the Lord De la Ware What happened in the first gouernment after the alteration in the time of Captaine George Piercie their Gouernour THE day before Captaine Smith returned for England with the ships Captaine Dauis arriued in a small Pinace with some sixteene proper men more To these were added a company from Iames towne vnder the command of Captaine Iohn Sickelmore alias Ratliffe to inhabit Point Comfort Captaine Martin and Captaine West hauing lost their boats and neere halfe their men among the Saluages were returned to Iames towne for the Saluages no sooner vnderstood Smith was gone but they all reuolted and did spoile and murther all they incountered Now wee were all constrained to liue onely on that Smith had onely for his owne Companie for the rest had consumed their proportions and now they had twentie Presidents with all their appurtenances Master Piercie our new President was so sicke hee could neither goe nor stand But ere all was consumed Captaine West and Captaine Sickelmore each with a small ship and thirtie or fortie men well appointed sought abroad to trade Sickelmore vpon the confidence of Powhatan with about thirtie others as carelesse as himselfe were all slaine onely Ieffrey Shortridge escaped and Pokahontas the Kings daughter saued a boy called Henry Spilman that liued many yeeres after by her meanes amongst the Patawomekes Powhatan still as he found meanes cut off their Boats denied them trade so that Captaine West set saile for England Now we all found the losse of Captaine Smith yea his greatest maligners could now curse his losse as for corne prouision and contribution from the Saluages we had nothing but mortall wounds with clubs and arrowes as for our Hogs Hens Goats Sheepe Horse or what liued our commanders officers Saluages daily consumed them some small proportions sometimes we tasted till all was deuoured then swords armes pieces or any thing wee traded with the Saluages whose cruell fingers were so oft imbrewed in our blouds that what by their crueltie our Gouernours indiscretion and the losse of our ships of fiue hundred within six moneths after Captaine Smiths departure there remained not past sixtie men women and children most miserable and poore creatures and those were preserued for the most part by roots herbes acornes walnuts berries now and then a little fish they that had startch in these extremities made no small vse of it yea euen the very skinnes of our horses Nay so great was our famine that a Saluage we slew and buried the poorer sort tooke him vp againe and eat him and so did diuers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs And one amongst the rest did kill his wife powdered her and had eaten part of her before it was knowne for which hee was executed as hee well deserued now whether shee was better roasted boyled or carbonado'd I know not but of such a dish as powdered wise I neuer heard of This was that time which still to this day we called the staruing time it were too vile to say and scarce to be beleeued what we endured but the occasion was our owne for want of prouidence industrie and gouernment and not the barrennesse and defect of the Countrie as is generally supposed for till then in three yeeres for the numbers were landed vs we had neuer from England prouision sufficient for six moneths though it seemed by the bils of loading sufficient was sent vs such a glutton is the Sea and such good fellowes the Mariners we as little tasted of the great proportion sent vs as they of our want and miseries yet notwithstanding they euer ouer-swayed and ruled the businesse though we endured all that is said and chiefly liued on what this good Countrie naturally afforded yet had wee beene euen in Paradice it selfe with these Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet there was amongst vs who had they had the gouernment as Captaine Smith appointed but that they could not maintaine it would surely haue kept vs from those extremities of miseries This in ten daies more would haue supplanted vs all with death But God that would not this Countrie should be vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers with one hundred and fiftie people most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs strange it is to say how miraculously they were preserued in a leaking ship as at large you may reade in the insuing Historie of those Ilands The gouernment resigned to Sir Thomas Gates 1610. WHen these two Noble Knights did see our miseries being but strangers in that Countrie and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing and excusing one another They embarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames towne set saile for England whereby you may see the euent of the gouernment of the former Commanders left to themselues although they had liued there many yeeres as formerly hath beene spoken who hindred now their proceedings Captaine Smith being gone At noone they fell to the I le of Hogs and the next morning to Mulbery point at what time they descried the Long-boat of the Lord la Ware for God would not haue it so abandoned For this honourable Lord then Gouernour of the Countrie met them with three ships exceedingly well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames towne Out of the obseruations of William Simmons Doctor of Diuinitie The gouernment deuolued to the Lord la Ware HIs Lordship arriued the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Warnman Captaine Houlâ—roft Captaine Lawson and diuers other Gentlemen of sort the tenth he came vp with his fleet went on shore heard a Sermon read his Commission and entred into consultation for the good of the Colonie in which secret counsell we will a little leaue them that we may duly obserue the reuealed counsell of God Hee that shall but turne vp his eie and behold the spangled canopie of heauen or shall but cast downe his eie and consider the embroydered
in the fleet thus they liued till one of them was found to be an Englishman and had been the Spaniards Pilot for England in 88. and hauing here induced some male-contents to beleeue his proiects to run away with a small barke which was apprehended some executed and he expecting but the Hangmans curtesie directly confessed that two or three Spanish ships was at Sea purposely to discouer the estate of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that of any thing more he was vtterly ignorant One of the Spaniards at last dyed the othâ—r was sent for England but this reprieued till Sir Thomas Dale hanged him at Sea in his voyage homeward the Eâ—glish Pilot they carried for Spaine whom after a long time imprisonment with much â—â—te was returned for England Whilst those things were effecting Sir Thomas Dalâ— hauing setled to his thinking all things in good order made choice of one Master George Yearly to be Depuâ—y-Gouernour in his absence and so returned for England accompanied with Poâ—ahontas the Kings Daughter and Master Râ—lfe her husband and arriued at Plimmoth the 12. of Iune 1616. The gouernment left to Captaine Yearly NOw a little to commentary vpon all these proceedings let me leaue but this as a caueat by the way if the alteration of gouernment hath subuerted great Empires how dangerous is it then in the infancy of a common-weale The multiplicity of Gouernors is a great damage to any State but vncertaine daily changes are burdensome because their entertainments are chargeable and many will make hay whilst the sunne doth shine how euer it shall fare with the generality This deare bought Land with so much bloud and cost hath onely made some few rich and all the rest losers But it was intended at the first the first vndertakers should be first preferred and rewarded and the first aduenturers satisfied and they of all the rest are the most neglected and those that neuer aduentured a groat neuer see the Country nor euer did any seruice for it imploied in their places adorned with their deferrs and inriched with their ruines and when they aâ—e led fat then in commeth others so leane as they were who through their omnipotency doe as much Thus what one Officer doth another vndoth only ayming at their owne ends thinking all the world derides his dignity cannot 〈◊〉 is Coffeâ—s being in authority with any thing Euery man hath his minde free but he can neuer be a true member to that estate that to enrich himselfe beggers all the Countrie Which bad course there are many yet in this noble plantation whose true honour and worth as much scornes it as the others loues it for the Nobilitie and Gentrie there is scarce any of them expects any thing buâ— the prosperitie of the action and there are some Merchants and others I am confidently perswaded doe take more care and paines nay and at their continualâ— great charge than they could be hired to for the loue of money so honestly regarding the generall good of this great worke they would hold it worse than sacrilege to wrong it but a shilling or extort vpon the common souldier a penny But to the purpose and to follow the Historie Mr. George Yearly now inuested Deputie Gouernour by Sr. Thomas Dale applied himselfe for the most part in planting Tobacco as the most present commoditie they could deuise for a present gaine so that euery man betooke himselfe to the best place he could for the purpose now though Sir Thomas Dale had caused such an abundance of corne to be planted that euery man had sufficient yet the supplies were sent vs came so vnfurnished as quickly eased vs of our superfluitie To relieue their necessities he sent to the Chickahamanias for the tribute Corne Sir Thomâ—s Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned for with them But such a bad answer they returned him that hee drew together one hundred of his best shot with whom he went to Chickâ—hamania the people in some places vsed him indifferently but in most places with much scorne and contempt telling him he was but Sir Thomas Dâ—les man and they had payed his Master according to condition but to giue any to him they had no such order neither would they obey him as they had done his Master after he had told them his authoritie and that he had the same power to enforce them that Dale had they dared him to come on shore to fight presuming more of his not daring than their owne valours Yearly seeing their insolencies made no great difficultie to goe on shore at Ozinies and they as little to incounter him but marching from thence towards Mamanahunt they put themselues in the same order they see vs lead by their Captaine Kissanacomen Gouernour of Ozinies so marched close along by vs each as threatning other who should first begin But that night we quartered against Mamanahunt and they passed the Riuer The next day we followed them there are few places in Virginia had then more plaine ground together nor more plentie of Corne which although it was but newly gathered yet they had hid it in the woods where we could not finde it a good time we spent thus in arguing the cause the Saluages without feare standing in troupes amongst vs seeming as if their countenances had beene sufficient to dant vs what other practises they had I know not but to preuent the worst our Captaine caused vs all to make ready and vpon the word to let flie among them where he appointed others also he commanded to seize on them they could for prisoners all which being done according to our direction the Captaine gaue the word and wee presently discharged where twelue lay some dead the rest for life sprawling on the ground twelue more we â—â—oke prisoners two whereof were brothers two of their eight Elders the one tooke by Sergeant Boothe the other by Robert a Polonian Neere one hundred bushels of Corne we had for their ransomes which was promised the Souldiers for a reward but it was not performed now Opechankanough had agreed with our Captaine for the subiecting of those people that neither hee nor Powhatan could euer bring to their obedience and that he should make no peace with them without his aduice in our returne by Ozinies with our prisoners wee met Opechankanough who with much adoe fained with what paines hee had pâ—ocured their peace the which to requite they called him the King of Ozinâ—s and brought him from all parts many presents of Beads Copper and such trash as they had here as at many other times wee were beholding to Captaine Henry Spilman our Interpreter a Gentleman had liued long time in this Countrie and sometimes a prisoner among the Saluages and done much good seruice though but badly rewarded From hence we marcht towards Iames towne we had three Boats loaded with Corne and other luggage the one
should follow their businesse securely whereas now halfe their times and labours are spent in watching and warding onely to defend but altogether vnable to suppresse the Saluages because euery man now being for himselfe will be vnwilling to be drawne from their particular labours to be made as pack-horses for all the rest without any certainty of some better reward and preferment then I can vnderstand any there can or will yet giue them These I would imploy onely in ranging the Countries and tormenting the Saluages and that they should be as a running Army till this were effected and then settle themselues in some such conuenient place that should euer remaine a garison of that strength ready vpon any occasion against the Saluages or any other for the defence of the Countrey and to see all the English well armed and instruct them their vse But I would haue a Barke of one hundred tunnes and meanes to build sixe or seuen Shalops to transport them where there should bee occasion Towards the charge because it is for the generall good and what by the massacre and other accidents Virginia is disparaged and many men and their purses much discouraged how euer a great many doe hasten to goe thinking to bee next heires to all the former losses I feare they will not finde all things as they doe imagine therefore leauing those gilded conceits and diue into the true estate of the Colony I thinke if his Maiestie were truly informed of their necessitie and the benefit of this proiect he would be pleased to giue the custome of Virginia and the Planters also according to their abilities would adde thereto such a contribution as would be fit to maintaine this garison till they be able to subsist or cause some such other collections to be made as may put it with all expedition in practice otherwise it is much to be doubted there will neither come custome nor any thing from thence to England within these few yeares Now if this should be thought an imploiment more fit for ancient Souldiers there bred then such new commers as may goe with me you may please to leaue that to my discretion to accept or refuse such voluntaries that will hazard their fortunes in the trialls of these euents and discharge such of my company that had rather labour the ground then subdue their enemies what releefe I should haue from your Colony I would satisfie and spare them when I could the like courtesie Notwithstanding these doubts I hope to feede them as well as defend them and yet discouer you more land vnknowne then they all yet know if you will grant me such priuiledges as of necessity must be vsed For against any enemy we must be ready to execute the best can be deuised by your state there but not that they shall either take away my men or any thing else to imploy as they please by vertue of their authority and in that I haue done somewhat for New-England as well as Virginia so I would desire liberty and authority to make the best vse I can of my best experiences within the limits of those two Patents and to bring them both in one Map and the Countries betwixt them giuing alwaies that respect to the Gouernors and gouernment as an Englishman doth in Scotland or a Scotchman in England or as the regiments in the Low-countries doe to the Gouernors of the Townes and Cities where they are billited or in Garrison where though they liue with them and are as their seruants to defend them yet not to be disposed on at their pleasure but as the Prince and State doth command them and for my owne paines in particular I aske not any thing but what I can produce from the proper labour of the Saluages Their Answer I Cannot say it was generally for the Company for being published in their Court the most that heard it liked exceeding well of the motion and some would haue been very large Aduenturers in it especially Sir Iohn Brookes and Master Dauid Wyffin but there were such diuisions amongst them I could obtaine no answer but this the charge would be too great their stocke was decayed and they did thinke the Planters should doe that of themselues if I could finde meanes to effect it they did thinke I might haue leaue of the Company prouided they might haue halfe the pillage but I thinke there are not many will much striue for that imploiment for except it be a little Corne at some time of the yeere is to be had I would not giue twenty pound for all the pillage is to be got amongst the Saluages in twenty yeeres but because they supposed I spake only for my owne ends it were good those vnderstand prouidents for the Companies good they so much talke of were sent thither to make triall of their profound wisdomes and long experiences About this time also was propounded a proposition concerning a Sallery of fiue and twenty thousand pounds to be raised out of Tobacco as a yeerely pension to bee paid to certaine Officers for the erecting a new office concerning the sole importation of Tobacco besides his Maiesties custome fraught and all other charges To nominate the vndertakers fauourers and opposers with their arguments pro and con would bee too tedious and needlesse being so publikely knowne the which to establish spent a good part of that yeere and the beginning of the next This made many thinke wonders of Virginia to pay such pensions extraordinary to a few here that were neuer there and also in what state and pompe some Chieftaines and diuers of their associates liue in Virginia and yet no money to maintaine a Garrison pay poore men their wages nor yet fiue and twenty pence to all the Aduenturers here and very little to the most part of the Planters there bred such differences in opinion it was dissolued Now let vs returne to Captaine Croshaw at Patawomek where he had not beene long ere Opechancanough sent two baskets of beads to this King to kill him and his man assuring him of the Massacre he had made and that before the end of two Moones there should not be an Englishman in all their Countries this fearefull message the King told this Captaine who replied he had seene both the cowardise and trechery of Opechancanough sufficiently tried by Captaine Smith therefore his threats he feared not nor for his fauour cared but would nakedly fight with him or any of his with their owne swords if he were slaine he would leaue a letter for his Country men to know the fault was his owne not the Kings two daies the King deliberated vpon an answer at last told him the English were his friends and the Saluage Emperour Opitchapam now called Toyatan was his brother therefore there should be no bloud shed betwixt them so hee returned the Presents willing the Pamavukes to come no more in his Country lest the English though against his will should
so much wealth he knew would please them in England though it did displease all his Company and to lose such a prize he would not for hazarding a mutiny So first hee reuealed himselfe to Kendall in faire tearmes reprouing his dishonesty but not being answered according to his expectation he committed both Chard and him to person The next Sabboath day Dauis comming on shore More also taxed with very hard language and many threats to lay him fast also if he mended not his manners Dauis for the present replied little but went with him to the place of praier but in the midst of diuine seruice he goeth away commanding all his Sea-men to follow him presently aboord where he encourageth them to stand to him like men and hee would free the Prisoners haue all the Amber-greece for themselues and so be gone The Gouernor hearing of this resolution prepares with his company to repulse force with force so that a generall expectance of a ciuill vnciuill warre possessed euery man but this threatning gust passed ouer more calmlier then was expected for Dauis hauing better aduised with himselfe repenâ—ed his rashnesse and desired a reconcilement with the Gouernor Peace thus concluded Kendall was set at libertie but Chard was condemned and vpon the ladder to be hanged for his obstinacy yet vpon better consideration More repriued him but kept him a prisoner all the time he staied in the Country which was generally thought a very bad reward for his great desert and that there was more of this Amber-greece imbeziled then would haue contented all the finders that neuer had any consideration at all The greatest part though More thus recouered yet Dauis and Kendall had so much either by the ignorance or conniuency of the Gouernors that arriuing in England they prepared themselues for a new voiage at last they two falling out the Company hauing notice thereof so tormented them both they gaue ouer their voiage and durst not be seene a long time after The Gouernor thus rid of the ship and those discontents remoued his seat from Smiths I le to Saint Georges after he had fitted vp some small Cabbens of Palmata leaues for his wife and family in that valley where now stands their prime towne called S. Georges hee began to apply himselfe to fortifie the Countrey and training his men in the exercise of armes For although he was but a Carpenter he was an excellent Artist a good Gunner very witty and industrious he built and laid the foundation of eight or nine Forts called the Kings Castle Charles Fort Pembrookes Fort Smiths Fort Pagits Fort Gates Fort Warwicks Castle Saint Katharines Fort c. mounting in them all the Ordnance he had preparing the ground to build Houses plant Corne and such Fruits as they had Being thus busied and as the necessitie of the time required keeping his men somewhat hard at worke Master Keath his Minister were it by the secret prouocation of some drones that grew weary of their taskes or his affection to popularity is not certaine But he begins to tax the Gouernor in the Pulpit hee did grinde the faces of the poore oppressing his Christian brethren with Pharoab taxes More finding this in short time might breed ill bloud called the Company together and also the Minister vrging them plainly to tell him wherein he had deserued those hard accusations whereupon with an vniuersall cry they affirmed the contrary so that Keath downe of his knees to aske him forgiuenesse But Master More kindly tooke him vp willing him to kneele to God and hereafter be more modest and charitable in his speeches notwithstanding two other discontents so vpbraided More with that doctrine and stood to maintaine it he impaneled a Iury with a great deale of seeming much adoe he would hang them being condemned one of them with the very feare fell into a dead Palsie so that the other was set at libertie and proued after a very good labourer Many conclusions he tried about the Sea-venture the wracke of Sir George Somers but he got onely for his paines but two peece of Ordnance Hauing framed a Church of timber it was blowne downe by a tempest so that he built another in a more closer place with Palmeta leaues Before this yeere was expired the aduenterers sent them an aduiso with thirtie Passengers and good prouisions to prepare with all expedition for their defence against the Spaniard whom they vnderstood ere long would visit them This occasioned him to keepe all his men together in that I le so hard at worke that wanting libertie to goe abroad for food liuing onely on that they had and expected daily to receiue from England they were so ouer-toiled many fell sicke but none died Very earnest this ship was to haue all the Amber-greece which M. More perceiuing was the chiefest cause of their comming and that it was the onely loadstone to draw from England still more supplies for all the expresse command sent from the Company he returned this ship but with the one third part so from thence she went to Virginia and not long after arriued safely in England But before her returne the Company sent the Martha with sixtie Passengers more they arriued in Iune with one Master Bartlet to suruey the Iland and the estate of the Colonie with expresse command for all the Amber-greece but More perceiuing him not as he would haue him and that the Company began to mistrust him would send no more but another third part wherewith they returned leauing a French-man to make triall of the Mulberies for Silke but he did not bring any thing to perfection excusing himselfe they were not the right Mulberies he expected About this time they were in hope of a small crop of Tobacco but it was most spoiled for want of knowledge to vse it Now in England Master More became amongst the Merchants maruelous distastfull for the detaining so long the Amber-greece which delaies they so much abhorred they forthwith dispatched the Elizabeth the second time and forty Passengers much rebuking More for so long detaining the Amber-greece for the which hauing now no more colourable excuses he deliuered it wherewith the ship went to Virginia thence home In this ship was brought the first Potato roots which flourished exceedingly for a time till by negligence they were almost lost all but two cast-away roots that so wonderfully haue increased they are a maine releefe to all the Inhabitants This ship was not long gone but there came two Spanish ships founding with their Boat which attempted to come in but from the Kings Castle Master More made but two shot which caused them presently depart Marke here the handy worke of the diuine prouidence for they had but three quarters of a barrell of powder and but one shot more and the powder by carelesnesse was tumbled downe vnder the mussels of the two peeces were discharged yet not touched with fire when they were
such places where they vse to garbish their fish and became tame Some haue attributed the destruction of them the to encrease of wild cats but that is not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time then foure yeeres before and the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw some companies of them leaue the woods and slew themselues for want of food Others by the coldnesse of winter which notwithstanding is neuer so great there as with vs in March except it be in the wind besides the rats wanted not the fethers of young birds and chickins which they daily killed and Palmeta mosse to build themselues warme nests out of the wind as vsually they did neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them seeing they would ordinarily swimme from place to place and bee very fat euen in the midst of winter It remaineth then that as God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes so wee need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease of this vermine as also by the preseruation of so many of them by such weake meanes as they then enioyed and especially in the so sudden remouall of this great annoyance there was ioyned with and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes a more mediate and secret worke of God About this time Henry Long with seuen others in an extreame storme were cast away but three of them escaped One of them being asked what hee thought in the worst of that extremity answered he thought nothing but gallowes claime thy right and it seemes God well heard his prayer and rewarded his ingratitude for he was hanged within halfe a yeere after In that March also fiue men went to Sea but as yet was neuer heard of and three more drowned in a boat By Hilliards house grew a very faire Cedar which by a thunder clap was rent almost to small shiuers and a man stood by him and Samuel Tanton most fearfully blasted yet neither they the house not a little childe yet a paire of racks in the house was all torne to fitters The Neptune not long after arriuing to fish for whale her fortune proued no better then the Gouernours yet some are of opinion profit might be made by them In May they discried foure saile so that manning all their Forts they stood two daies in Armes expecting what they were at last they found it Master Powell returned from the West-Indies in the Hopewell where missing such trade as he expected these three Frigots comming in his way he could not chuse but take them Meale Hides and Munition was their lading Faire weather the Gouernor made with Powell till he had got all the goods into his owne possession and then called Powell to a strict account for doing such an vnwarrantable act much a doe then was betwixt the taker and receiuer but Powell was glad to be excused to answer it in England leauing all hee had taken behinde him in the Iles The Neptune also returned with him but noble Powell lost all his pay and pillage for this yeeres worke For which the Company sent for to Tuckar so that he also lost his part as well as Powell Notwithstanding the Gouernour by this meanes being strong in shipping fitted the Caruill with twelue men vnder the command of Edward Waters formerly spoken of and sent them to Virginia about such businesse as hee had conceiued Arriuing there they obtained some goates and and hogs what they could spare and so returned for the Summer Iles but whether they could not finde the Iles for want of skill or beaten off by ill weather or the ill will they bare the Gouernor it matters not much But they bare vp again for Virginia where they all remained and would returne no more to Summer Iles. The Gouernour thinking to make some vse of the hides set some that professed themselues Tanners to make tryall of their skill but they lost their labours and spoiled the hides Also he called another Assise cōcerning a poore fellow called Gabriel for concealing some speeches M. Pollard and M. Rich should vse tending to the dis-reputation of the Gouernour and his iniustice and cruelties which being brought within the compasse of sedition and mutiny though a yeere agoe many were called in question about it although euery one ordinarily had spoke as much Yet Gabriel for example sake was condemned to bee hanged and was vpon the ladder but reprieued The other two M. Pollard and M. Rich were imprisoned but vpon better consideration the fact appeared so small and ridiculous vpon their submission they were pardoned and restored to their places The diuision of the Summer Iles into Tribes by Master Richard Norwood Surueyor ACcording to the directions of the Councell and Company as they had determined by lot M. Norwood tooke a plot of the I le and diuided it with as much faithfulnes as he could assigning to euery Aduenturer his share or proportion as namely to lay out a large proportion to bee called the generall land and imployed for publike vses as for the maintenance of the Gouernour Ministers Commanders of Forts souldiers and such like and to this end was assigned S. Georges Iland S. Dauids Iland Longbridge Iland Smiths Iland Coopers Iland Cony Iland Nonesuch Iland part of the maine and sundry other small Iles. The rest was to be diuided into eight parts each part to be called a tribe and to haue his denomination of some principall person that was Aduenturer therein and accordingly the first Tribe to bee Eastward was then called Bedfords Tribe now Hamiltons the second Smiths Tribe the third Cavendish now Deuonshires the fourth Pembrooks the fift Pagits the sixt Mansils now Warwicks the seuenth Southhampton the eighth Sands in the honours of the Right honorable the Marquis Hamilton Sir Thomas Smith the Earle of Deuonshire the Earle of Pembrooke the Lord Pagit the Earle of Warwicke the Earle of Southhampton and Sir Edwin Sands Againe each of those Tribes were to bee diuided into fifty parts called shares and euery Aduenturer to haue his shares in these tribes as was determined by casting lots in England the manner of it appeares by the Map and more largely by his Booke of the Suruay of the Countrey which is in the Records of the Colony And then began this which was before as you haue heard but as an vnsetled and confused Chaos to receiue a disposition forme and order and become indeed a Plantation The names of the Aduenturers and their shares in euery Tribe according to the suruey and the best information yet ascertained of any of their alterations Hamiltons Tribe Iames L. Marquis Hamil 6 Share Sir Edward Harwood 4 Share M. Iohn Delbridge 3 Share M. Iohn Dike 3 Share M. Ellis Roberts 2 Share M. Robert Phips 1 Share M. Ralph King 1 Share M. Quicks assignes 2 Share M. William Cannig 4 Share M. William Cannig 1 Share M. William Web. 1 Share
kill any They being a kinde of Iubartes and not the Whale that yeelds Fins and Oile as we expected for our gold it was rather the Masters deuice to get a voyage that proiected it then any knowledge he had at all of any such matter Fish and Furs were now our guard by our late arriuall and long lingring about the Whale the prime of both those seasons were past ere wee perceiued it wee thinking that their seasons serued at all times but we found it otherwise for by the middest of Iune the fishing failed yet in Iuly and August some were taken but not sufficient to defray so great a charge as our stay required of dry fish we made about forty thousand of Cor-fish about seuen thousand Whilest the Sailers fished my selfe with eight others of them might best bee spared ranging the Coast in a small Boat we got for trifles neere eleuen thousand Beuer skinnes one hundred Martins as many Otters and the most of them within the distance of twenty leagues we ranged the Coast both East and West much further but Eastward our commodities were not esteemed they were so neere the French who afforded them better with whom the Saluages had such commerce that only by trade they made exceeding great voyages though they were without the limits of our precincts during the time we tried those conclusions not knowing the coast nor Saluages habitations with these Furres the traine Oile and Cor-fish I returned for England in the Barke where within six moneths after our departure from the Downes wee safely arriued backe the best of this fish was sold for 5. li. the hundred the rest by ill vsage betwixt three pounds and 50. shillings The other ship stayed to fit her selfe for Spaine with the dry fish which was sold at Maligo at forty Rialls the Quintall each hundred weighing two quintals and a halfe But one Thomas Hunt the Master of this ship when I was gone thinking to preuent that intent I had to make there a Plantation thereby to keepe this abounding Countrey still in obscuritie that onely he and some few Merchants more might enioy wholly the benefit of the Trade and profit of this Countrey betraied foure and twenty of those poore Saluages aboord his ship and most dishonestly and inhumanely for their kinde vsage of me and all our men caried them with him to Maligo and there for a little priuate gaine sold those silly Saluages for Rials of eight but this vilde act kept him euer after from any more imploiment to those parts Now because at this time I had taken a draught of the Coast and called it New England yet so long he and his Consorts drowned that name with the Eccho of Cannaday and some other ships from other parts also that vpon this good returne the next yeere went thither that at last I presented this Discourse with the Map to our most gracious Prince Charles humbly intreating his Highnesse hee would please to change their baâ—barous names for such English as posteritie might say Prince Charles was their God-father which for your better vnderstanding both of this Discourse and the Mâ—p peruse this Schedule which will plainly shew you the correspondency of the old names to the new as his Highnesse named them The old names The new names Cape Cod. Cape Iames. The Harbor at Cape Cod. Milforth hauen Chawum Barwick Accomack Plimoth Sagoquas Oxford Massachusets Mount Cheuit hills Massachusits Riuer Charles Riuer Totan Famouth A great Bay by Cape Anne Bristow Cape Tragubigsanda Cape Anne Naembeck Bastable Aggawom Southampton Smiths Iles. Smiths Iles. Passataquack Hull Accominticus Boston Sassanows Mount Snowdon hill Sowocatuck Ipswich Bahanna Dartmouth A good Harbor within that Bay Sandwich Ancociscos Mount Shuters hill Ancocisco The Base Anmonghcawgen Cambridge Kenebecka Edenborow Sagadabock Leth. Pemmayquid S. Iohns towne Segocket Norwich Mecadacut Dunbarton Pennobscot Aberden Nusket Low mounds Those being omitted I named my selfe Monahigan Barties Iles. Matinack Willowbies Iles. Metinacus Haughtons Iles. The rest of the names in the Map are places that had no names we did know But to continue the History succeedingly as neere with the day and yeere as may bee Returning in the Barke as is said it was my ill chance to put in at Plimoth where imparting those my purposes to diuers I thought my friends whom as I supposed were interested in the dead Patent of this vnregarded Countrey I was so encouraged and assured to haue the managing their authoritie in those parts during my life and such large promises that I ingaged my selfe to vndertake it for them Arriuing at London though some malicious persons suggested there was no such matter to be had in that so bad abandoned Countrey for if there had other could haue found it so well as I therefore it was to be suspected I had robbed the French men in New France or Cannada and the Merchants see me forth seemed not to regard it yet I found so many promised me such assistance that I entertained Michael Cooper the Master of the Barke that returned with me and others of the Company how he dealt with others or others with him I know not but my publike proceeding gaue such encouragement that it became so well apprehended by some few of the Virginia Company as those proiects for fishing onely was so well liked they furnished Couper with foure good ships to Sea before they at Plimoth had made any prouision at all for me but onely a small Barke set out by them of the I le of Wight Some of Plimoth and diuers Gentlemen of the West Countrey a little before I returned from New England in search for a Mine of Gold about an I le called Capawuck South-wards from the Shoules of Cape Iames as they were informed by a Saluage called Epenew that hauing deluded theÌ„ as it seems thus to get home seeing they kept him as a prisoner in his owne Countrey and before his friends being a man of so great a stature he was shewed vp and downe London for money as a wonder and it seemes of no lesse courage and authoritie then of wit strength and proportion for so well he had contriued his businesse as many reported he intended to haue surprised the ship but seeing it could not be effected to his liking before them all he leaped ouer-boord Many shot they made at him thinking they had slaine him but so resolute they were to recouer his body the master of the ship was wounded and many of his company And thus they lost him not knowing more what to do returned againe to England with nothing which so had discouraged all your West Countrey men they neither regarded much their promises and as little either me or the Countrey till they saw the London ships gone and me in Plimoth according to my promise as hereafter shall be related I must confesse I was beholden to the setters forth of the foure ships that went with Couper in
called the most remarkable places in New England Aspersions against New England Captaine Hobson his voiage to Capawuk The Londoners send foure good ships to New England The situation of New England Notes of Florida Notes of Virginia Obseruations soâ— presumptuous ignorant directors The principall Countries or gouernments A proofe of an excellent clime Staple Commodities present Obseruations of the Hollanders Note Note Examples of the Altitude comparatiuely In Spaine In France In Greece In Asia Beyond the line The particular staple commodities that may be had by industry The nature of the ground approued The seasons for fishing approued Imploiment for poore people and fatherlesse children The facilitie of the Plantation Present Commodities Kermes Musquasseâ— Beuers Mines Woods An example of the gâ—â—â—s vpon euery yeere or six moneths returne A description of the Countrey in particular and their situations An Indian slaine another shot The land Markes Herbs and Fruits Woods Birds Fishes Beasts A note for men that haue great spirits and small meanes An example of secure couetousnesse The Authors conditions The Planters pleasures and profit Imploiments for Gentlemen Imploiments for Labourers Examples of the Spaniards The causes of our defailments The blisse of Spaine My second Voiage to New England The ground and plot for our plantation The meanes vsed to preuent it and nâ—c How I set saile and returned My reimbarkement encounter with Pirats and imprisonment by the French A double treachery A fleet of nine French men of war and fights with the Spaniard A prise of Fish A Scotch prise A prise worth 36000 crownes A prise worth 300000 crownes My escape from the French men What law I had My returne for England The successe of my Vice-Admirall M. Dâ—e his report The benefit of fishing as Mr Gentleman and others report The Records of Holland and other learned obseruers My sute to the Country My sute to the Citie Their first iourny by land Their first iourny by Shallop Accidents Their second iourney by water to finde a place to plant in Their first fight with the Saluages The description of their place to plant in Another Boy borne in New-England Their first Plantation Two faire Lakes Two men lost themselues in the woods Their first conference with a Saluage The second conference Their conditions of peace A iourney to Pakanoki A great courage of two old Saluages How the King vsed them A voyage to Nawsit They surprise the Saluages Notes and obseruations They liued two yeeres without supply Westons Plantation The death of Tusquantum Tusquantum at his death desired the English to pray he might go dwell with the English mens God for theirs was a good God They contriue to murder all the English The sicknesse of King Massasowat His cure by the English The Kings thankfulnesse A bad example Captaine Standish sent to suppresse the Saluages Two desperate Saluages slaine The Saluages ouer coâ—â—med An extreme drought A wonderfull blessing signe of Gods loue Forty saile sent to fish Their Religion Their Gouernment An answer to Obiections The ordinary voyage to goe to Virginia or New-England The obiections against me My answer Considerations The charge The order of the westerne men The gaines The effects of shipping The Popes order for the East and West Indies How to get money to build this little Nauy Contention for New-Englands goods not her good The necessity of martiall power The facility of the fishing lately obserued The present estate of the plantation at New-Plimoth 1624. Their order of gouernment