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A00611	The voyage and trauaile of M. Cæsar Frederick, merchant of Venice, into the East India, the Indies, and beyond the Indies. Wherein are contained very pleasant and rare matters, with the customes and rites of those countries. Also, heerein are discovered the merchandises and commodities of those countreyes, aswell the aboundaunce of goulde and siluer, as spices, drugges, pearles, and other jewelles. Written at sea in the Hercules of London: comming from Turkie, the 25. of March. 1588. For the profitabvle instruction of merchants and all other trauellers for their better direction and knowledge of those countreyes. Out of Italian, by T H.; Viagge de M. Cesare de i Federici, nell' India Orientale, et oltra l'India. English	Federici, Cesare.; Hickock, Thomas.	1588 (1588)	STC 10746; ESTC S112444	73,405	88

custome but Rubies Safyres and Spynelles pay no custome in nor out because they are founde growing in that countrie I haue spoken before how that all Merchantes that meane to go thorow the Indies must carie all manner houshoulde stuffe with them which are necessarie for a house because that there is not any lodging nor Innes nor hostes nor chamber roome in that Countrie but the first thing a man doth when hee commeth to anie Citie is to hier a house either by the yéere or by the moneth or as he meanes to stay in those partes In Pegu their order is to hier their houses for sixe moneths Nowe from Cosmin to the Citie of Pegu they goe in sixe howers with the flood and if it be ebbing Water then they make fast their boate to the Riuer side and there tarrie vntill the Water flowe againe It is a verie commodious and pleasant voyage hauing on both sides of the riuers manie great villages which they call Cities in the which Hennes Pygions Egges Milke ryce and other things bee verie good cheape It is all plaine and a goodly Countrey and in eight dayes you may make your voyage vp to Macceo distant from Pegu twelue myles and there they discharge their goodes and lade it in Carts or Waynes drawn with Oxen and the merchauntes is caried in a closet which they call Delinge in the which a man shall bee verie well accommodated with Cushions vnder his head and couered for the defence of the Sunne and raine and there hée may sleepe if he haue wil therunto and his fowre Falchiues carie him roming away changing two at one time and two at another The custom of Pegu and fraight thether may amount vnto twentie or twenty two per cento and 23. according as he hath more or lesse stolen from him that day they custome the goods It is requisite that a man haue his eyes watchfull and to be carefull and to haue manie friendes for when they custome in the great hall of the King there commeth manie Gentlemen accompanied with a number of their slaues and these gentlemē haue no shame that their slaues rob straungers whether it be cloth in shewing of it or any other thing they laugh at it And although the merchantes helpe one another to kéep watch and looke to their goodes they cannot looke to that so narowly but one or other will rob something either more or lesse according as their Merchandise is more or lesse and yet in this day there is a worse thing then this although you haue set so manie eyes to looke there for your benefite that you escape vnrobbed of the slaues a man cannot choose but that he must be robbed of the officers of the custome house For paying the custome with the same goods often times they take the best that you haue and not by rate of euerie sort as they ought to doe by which meanes a man payeth more then his duety at length when you haue dispatched the goodes out of the custome house in this order the Merchant causeth them to bee caried to his house and may doe with them at his pleasure There is in Pegu eight Brokers of the Kings which are called Tareghe who are bounde to sell all the merchandize to come to Pegu at the common or the corent price then if the merchants will sell their goodes at that price they sell it away and the Brokers haue two in y ● hundreth of euerie sort of Merchandise and they are bounde to make good the debtes of that goodes because it is solde by their handes or meanes and on their wordes and oftentimes the merchant knoweth not to whome he giueth his goodes yet hee cannot lose any thing thereby for that the broker is bounde in any wise to pay him and if the merchant sell his goodes without the consent of the broker yet neuerthelesse he must pay him two percento and be in daunger of his mony but this is verie seldome seene because the Wife Children and slaues of the debttor are bounde to the creditor and when his time is expired and paiment not made the creditor may take the debter and carie him home to his house and shut him vp in a Magazen whereby presently he hath his monie and not beeing able to pay the creditor hee may take the wife children and slaues of the debtor and sell them for so is the law of that kingdome The corant mony that is in this citie and throughout all this kingdome is called Gansa or Ganza which is made of Copper and Leade It is not the monie of the King but euerie man may stampe it that will because it hath his iust partition or valure but they make many of them false by putting ouermuch leade into them and those will not passe neither will any take them With this money Ganza you may buy Golde or Siluer Rubies and Muske and other thinges For there is no other mony corant amongest them And Golde Siluer and other Merchandise is one time déerer then another as all other things bee This Ganza goeth by weight of Byze and this name of Byza goeth for the accounpt of the waight and commonly a Byza of a Ganza is worth after our account halfe a ducket little more or lesse and according as Golde and Siluer is more or lesse in price but the Byza neuer changeth euerie Byza maketh a hundreth Ganza of waight so the number of the mony is Byza They that goe to Pegu to buy Jewels and if hée will doe well it behoueth him to bee a whole yéere there to doe his businesse if he will doe it well For if so bée that hee would returne with the Ship he came in he cannot doe anie thing well for the breuity of the time because that when they custome their goodes in Pegu that come from S. Tome in their Shippes it is as it were about the natiuitie and when they haue customed their goods then they must sell it for credite for a moneth or two and then at the beginning of March the Shippes depart The Merchants that come from S. Tome take for the paiment of their goods gold and siluer which is neuer wanting there And 8. or 10. daies before their departure they are all satisfied also they may haue Rubies in paiment but they make no account of them they that will winter there for another yéere it is needefull that they be aduertized that in the sale of their goodes that they sperify in their bargain the term of two or thrée mōths paiment and y ● their paiment shal be in so many Ganza and neither golde nor siluer because that with the Ganza they may buy and sell euerie thing with great aduantage And howe néedefull it is to be aduertized that when they will recouer their payments in what order they shall receiue their Ganza because hee that is not practicke may doe him selfe great

yet standeth with the mountaine that is made of the substance that hath fallen from it maketh a greater shew then you shall finde comming neere to it Babilon and Basora FRom Babilon I departed for Basora shipping my selfe in one of the barks that vse to go in the riuer Tigris frō Babilon to Basora and from Basora to Babilon which barks are made after the manner of Fusts or Galliots with a Speron and a couered poope they haue no pumpe in thē because of the great aboundance of pitch which they haue to pitch them withall which pitch they haue in abundance two dayes iorney from Babilon neere vnto the riuer Euphrates there is a citie called Ayit néere vnto which citie there is a great plaine full of pitch very meruelous to beholde and a thing almost incredible that out of a hole in the earth which continually throweth out pitch into the ayre with continual smoake which pitch is throwne with such force that being hot it falleth like as it were sprinkled ouer all the plaine in such aboundance that the plaine is alwayes full of pitch the Mores and the Arabians of that place say that that hole is the mouth of hell and in truth it is a thing very notable to be marked and by this pitch the people haue great benefite to pitch their barks which barks they call Daneck and Saffin When the riuer of Tigris is well replenished with water you may passe from Babilon to Basora in 8. or 9. daies and sometimes more and somtimes lesse we were halfe so much more which is 14 or 15. daies because the waters were lowe they may sayle day and night and there is some places in this way where you pay so many Madiens on a ba●le if the waters be low it is 18. dayes iorney Basora BAsora is a Cittie of the Arabians which of osde time was gouerned by those Arabians called Zizarii but nowe it is gouerned by the great Turke where he keepeth an army to his great charges The Arabians called Zizarii haue the possession of a great Countrey and cannot be ouercome of the Turk because that the sea ●ath deuided their countrey into an Iland by channels with the ebbing flowing of the 〈…〉 for that cause the Turk cannot bring an army ag 〈…〉 neither by sea nor by land and another reason is the inhabitants of that Iland are verye strong and warlike men a daies iorney before you come to Basora you shall haue a little castel or fort which is set on that point of the land where the Riuers Euphrates and Tigris méete together and the castell is called Corna at this point the two riuers maketh a monsirous great riuer and runneth into the sea which is called the gulfe of Persia which is towards the South Basora is distant from the sea fiftéene miles and it is a cittie of great trade of Spices drugges which come from Ormus Also there is great store of corne Rice and Dates which the countrey dooth yéeld I shipped my selfe in Basora to go for Ormus and so we sailed through the Persian sea 600 miles which is the distance from Basora to Ormus and we sailed in small Ships made of boards bound together with small cords or ropes and in stéed of calking they lay betwéene euerie board certaine strawe which they haue and so they sowe board and board together with the strawe betwéene where through there commeth much water and they are very dangerous Departing from Basora we passed 200 miles with the sea on our right hand along the gulfe vntill at length we arriued at an Iland called Carichii from whence we sailed to Ormus in sight of the Persian shore on the left side and on the right side towards Arabia we discouered infinit Ilands Ormus ORmus is an Iland in circuit 25 or 30 miles and it is the most barrenest and most drie Iland in all the world because that in it there is nothing to be had but salt water and wood all other things necessarye for mans life is brought out of Persia 12 miles of and out of other Ilands néere therevnto adioining in such aboundance and quantitie that the citie is alwaies replenished with all manner of store there is standing néere vnto the waters side a verie faire castell in the which the captaine of the king of Portingale is alwaies resident with a good band of Portingales and before this castell is a verye fayre prospect in the citie dwelleth the married men Soldiers and Merchants of euery nation amongst whom there is Mores and Gentiles In this Citie there is verie great trade for all sorts of Spices drugs Silke cloth of Silke Brocardo and diuers other sorts of merchandize which come out of Persia and amongst all other trades and Merchandize the trade of Horsses is very great there which they carry from thence into the Indies This Iland hath a More king of the race of the Persians who is created and made king by the captaine of the castell in the name of the king of Portingale At the creation of this king I was there and saw the ceremonies that they vse in it which are as followeth The old King being dead the Captaine of the Portingales chooseth another of the blood Royall and maketh this election in the Castell with great ceremonies and when he is elected the Captaine sweareth him to be true and faithfull to the king of Portingale as his Lord and Gouernor and then he giueth him the Scepter Regall after this with great feasting and pompe with great company he is brought into the Roiall palace in the citie This king kéepeth a good traine and hath sufficient reuenues to maintaine himselfe without troubling of any bicause the Captaine of the Castell dooth maintaine and defend his right and when that the Captaine and he ride together he is honored as a King yet he cannot ride abroade with his traine without the consent of the captaine first had it behooueth them to doo this and it is necessarie bicause of the great trade that is in the citie their proper language is the Persian toong There I shipped my selfe to go for Goa a Cittie in the Indies in a Ship that had foure score horsses in hir this is to aduertise those Merchants that go from Ormus to Goa to ship themselues in those Ships that carrie Horsses because euery Ship that carrieth twentie Horsses or vpwards are priueleged that all the Merchandize whatsoeuer they carrie that they owe no custome whereas the Ships that carrieth not Horsses are bound to pa●● eight per cento of all the goods they bring Goa Dui and Cambaia GOa is the principallest Cittye that the Portingales haue in the Indies where is resident the Viceroy with his court and ministers of the king of Portingale frō Ormus to Goa is 990 miles distance in which passage the first Cittie that you come to in the Indies is called Dui and is scituate in

else with the fléete of the Portingales as aforesaid in fine the kingdome of Cambaia is a place of great trade and hath much doings and tratique with all men although hetherto it hath bin in the hands of tyrants bicause that at 75 yeares of age the true king being at the assault of Dui was there slaine whose name was Sultan Badu at that time foure or fiue Captaines of the armie deuided the kingdome amongst themselues and euery one of them shewed in his conntrey what tyrannye he could but twelue yeares agoe the great Magoll a More king of Agray and Delay fortie daies iorney within the land of Amadauar became the gouernour of all the kingdome of Cambaia without anye resistance because he being of great power and force with people deuising which waye to enter the land there was not any man that would make him any resistance although they were tirants and a beastly people they were soone brought vnder obedience that in that time I owelled in Cambaietta I saw very meruelous things there were such an infinit number of Artisicers that made Bracelets called Mannij or Bracelets of Elephants téeth of diuerse colours for the women of the Gentiles which haue their armes full decked with them and in this order there is spent euery yeare many thousands of Crownes the reason whereof is this that when there dyeth any whatsoeuer of the kindred then in signe and token of moorning and sorrow they breake all their bracelets from their armes and presentlye they goe and buie new againe because that they had rather to be without theire meat then without their bracelets Daman Basan Tana HAuing passed Dui I came to the second city that 〈…〉 Portingales haue called Daman scituate in the territorie of Cambaya distant from Dui 120. miles it is no towne of marchandize saue of Rice and Corne and hath many villages under it which in time of peace the Portingale haue theire pleasure in them but in time of wars the enemies haue the spoyle of them in such wise that the Portingales haue little benefite by them Next vnto Daman you shall haue Basan which is a filthy place in respect of Daman in condition in this place is Rice corn timber to make ships and gallies and a small distance beyond Basan is a smal Iland called Tana a countrey very populous with Portingales Mores and Gentiles these haue nothing but Rice there are many makers of Armesine and weauers of Gerdles of wooll and bumbast black and red like to Moocharies Chiawle and the Palmer tree BEyond this Iland you shall find Chiawle in the Firme land and they are two cities one of the Portingales and the other of the Mores that Citie that the Portingales haue is scituate ●ower then the other gouerneth the mouth of the harbor and is very strongly walled and as it were a mile and a 〈…〉 l●● distant from this is the Citie of the Mores gouerned by their king Zamalluco In the time of wars there cannot any great shippe come to the cittie of the Mores because the Portingales with their Ordinance will sinke them for that they must perforce passe by the Castles of the Portingales both the Citties are portes of the sea and are great cities and haue vnto them great traffique trade of marchandize of all sortes of spices Drugges Silke cloth of silk Sandolo Marfine Versiue Procelane of China Ueluets and Scarlets y ● come from Portingale and from Meca with many other sorts of marchandize There commeth euery yeare from Cochin and from Canenor 10. or 15. great shipe laden with great Nuts cured and with sugar made of the self same Nuts called Giagra the trée wheron these nuts do grow is called the Palmer trée throughout al the Indies and especially from this place to Goa there is great aboūdance of them and it is like to the Date trée in the whole world there is not a trée more profitable and of more goodnes then this trée is neither do men reape so much benefite of any other trée as they do of this ther is not any part of it but serueth for some vse none of it is worthy to be burnt with the timber of this trée they make shippes wthout the mixture of any other trée and with the leaues thereof they make sailes and with the fruict therof which be Nuts wherof they make wine and of the wine they make Sugar and Placetto which wine they gather in the spring of the yeare out of the middle of the trée where continually there goeth ● runneth out whit liquor like vnto water in that time of the yeare they put a vessell vnder euery tree and euery euening and morning they take it away full then distilling it with fire it maketh a very strong liquor and then they put it into Buts with a quantity of Zibibbo white or black in short time it is made a perfect wine after this they make of the nuts great store of oyle of the trée they make great quantity of Boordes and quarters for buildings Of the barke of this Trée they make Cables Ropes and other furniture for Ships and as they saye these Ropes be better then they that are made of Hempe they make of the bowes Beadsteds after the Indies fashion and Scauasches for Marchandyze the leaues they cut the as verye small and weaue them and so make sayles of them for all manner of shipping or else very fine Mats and then of the first rynde of the Nutte they stampe and make thereof perfecte Ockom to talke Shippes great and small and of the harde Barke thereof they make spoones and other vessells for meate in such wise that there is no parte thereof throwne away or cast to the fire when these Mats be gréene they are full of an excellent swéete water to drink and if a man be thirsty with the liquor of one of the mats he may satisfie himselfe and as this Nut ripeth the liquor thereof turneth all to ●ernell There goeth out of Chiawle for Mallaca for the Indies for Maca for Portingale for the coastes of Mallendy for Ormus as it were an infinite number and quantitie of goods and marchandize that come out of the kingdom of Cambaia as cloth of Bumbast white painted printed great quantitie of Indico Opinione Gotone Silke of euery sorte great store of boraso in Pasta great store of Fetida great store of Iron Corne other marchandize The More king Zamalaco is of great power as one that at néede may commaund and hath in his campe two hundred thousand men of warre and hath great store of Artillerie some of them made in péeces which for their greatnes they cannot be carried too and fro yet although they be made in péeces they are so commodious that they worke with them meruelous well whose shotte is of stone and there hath béene of that shot sent vnto the king of Portingale for the

séeke me whereas I thought I should not haue found so much goodnes in them because they were paid their money afore hand as is the vse I had thought to haue seene them no more before their comming I was determined to pluck the Cane wherin my Jewels were bidden out of my cowtch and to haue made me a walking staffe to carry in my hand to Goa thinking that I should haue gone thether on foote but by the faithfulnesse of my Falchines I was rid of that trouble and so in fower dayes they carried me to Goa in which time I made hard fare for y e théeues left me neither money golde nor siluer that which I did eat was geuen me of my men for gods sake and after at my comming to Goa I payde them euery thing rially all that I had of them from Goa I departed for Cochin which is a voyage of 300. miles and betwéene these two Cties are many holds of the Portingales as Onor Mangalor Barzelor Cananor The holde or forte that you shall haue in going from Goa to Cochin that belongeth to the Portingales is called Onor which is in the kingdome of the Quéene of Battacella which is tributary to the king of Bezeneger there is no trade there but onely a charge with the Captaine and company he kéepeth there and passing this place you shall come to another small Castell of the Portingales called Mangalor and ther is a very small trade onely for a little Rice and from thence you go to a little fort called Barzelor there they haue good store of Rice which is carried for Goa and from thence you shall go to a cittie called Cananor which is a Hargabush shot distant from the chiefest citie that the king of Cananor hath in his kingdome being a king of the Gentiles and he and his are a very naughty and malicious people alwayes hauing delight to be in wars with the Portingales and when they are in peace it is for the intrest to let their marchādize passe there goeth out of this kingdome of Cananor all the Cardomomo great store of pepper Ginger Honey Ships laden with greate Nuttes greate quantity of Archa which is a fruict of the biggnes of Nutmegges which fruict they eat in all those parts of the Indies and beyonde the Indies with the leafe of an hearbe which they call Bettell the which is like vnto our Juye leafe but a little lesser and thinner they eate it made in Plaister● with the lime made of Oystershelles and thorowe the Indies they spend greate quantitie of money in this composition and is vsed dayly which thing I woulde not haue beléeued if I had not séene it The customers get greate profite by these Hearbes for that they haue custome for them when these people eate and chaw this in their mouthes it maketh theire Spittle to be redde like vnto blood and they saye that it maketh a man to haue a very good stomacke and a swéete breath but sure in my iudgement they eate it rather to fulfill theire filthy lustes and of a knauerye for this Hearbe is moyste and hote and maketh a very strong expultion From Cananor to Crangenor which is another small forte of the Portingales in the Land of the king of Crangenor which is another king of the Gentiles and a Countrey of small importaunce and of a hundreth and twenty miles full with theeeues being vnder the king of Callicut a king also of the Gentiles and a great enemie to the Portingales which when he is alwayes in warres he and his countrey is the Neast and resting for straunger théeues and these be called Moores of Carposa because they weare on theire heads long red Hattes and these théeues parte y e spoyles that they take on the sea with the king of Calicut for he geueth leaue vnto all that wil go a roauing liberally to go in such wise that all along that coast there is such a number of Théeues that there is no sayling in those Seas but with great Shippes and very well armed or elle they must goe in company with the army of the Portingales from Crangenor to Cochin is 15. miles Cochine COchine is next vnto Goa the chéefest place that the Portingales haue in the Indies and there is great trade of Spices drugs and all other sorts of Merchandize for the kingdome of Portingale and there with in the lād is the kingdom of Pepper which Pepper the Portingales lade in their ships by boulke and not in sacks the Pepper that goeth for Portingale is not so good as that which goeth for Meca bicause that in times passed the officers of the king of Portingale made a contract with the king of Cochine in the name of the king of Portingale for the prices of Pepper and by reason of that agréement betwéene them at that time made the prise can neither rise nor fall which is a verye lowe and base price and for this cause the Uillaines bring it to the Portingales gréene and full of filthe The Mores of Meca that giue a better price haue it cleane and drye and is better conditioned all the spices and drugs that is brought to Mecha is stolne from thence as Contrabanda Cochine is two cities one of the Portingales and another of the king of Cochines that of the Portingales is scituat néerest vnto the sea that of the kings of Cochin is a mile and a halfe vp higher in the land but they are both set on the banckes of one riuer which is very great and of a good depth of water which riuer commeth out of the mountains of the king of the Pepper which is a king of the Gentiles in whose kingdome are manye Christians of S. Thomas order the king of Cochine is also a king of the Gentiles and a great faithfull fréend to the king of Portingale and to those Portingales which are marryed and Cittizens in the Cittie Cochine of the Portingales and by this name of Portingales throughout all the Indies they call all the Christians that come out of the West whether they be Italians Frenchmen or Almaines and all they that mary in Cochine doo get an office according to the trade hee is of this they haue by the great priuilege the Cittizens haue of that City bicause there is two principall commodities that they deale withall in that place which are these the great store of silke that commeth from China and the great store of Sugar which commeth from Bengala the married Citizens paye not anye custome for these two commodities for all other commodities they pay foure per cento custum to the king of Cochine rating their goods at their owne pleasure those which are not married and strangers pay in Cochine to the king of Portingale eight per cento of all manner of merchandize I was in Cochine when the Uiceroye of the king of Portingale wrought what he could to breake the priuelege of the Citizens and

long rowe of mountaines or heapes of Oysters and they are not touched vntill such time as the fisshing be ended and at the end of the fishing euery company sitteth round about their mountain or heap of Oysters and fall to opening of them which they may easily doe because they be dead drie and brittle if euery Oyster had pearle in them it would be a very good purchase but there is very many that haue no pearles in them when the fishing is ended then they see whether it be a good gathering or a bad there is certaine men expert in the pearles whom they call Chitini which set and make the price of pearles according to their carracts bewty and goodnes making fower sorts of them the first sorte be the round pearles and they be called Aia of Portingale because y e Portingales do buy them the second sorte which are not rounde are called Aia of Bengala the 3. sorte which are not so good as the second they cal Aia of Canara that is to say the kingdom of Bezeneger the fourth and last sorte which are the least and worst sorte are called Aia of Cambaia Thus the price beeing set there is Marchants of euery countrey which are ready with theire money in their hands so that in a few dayes all is bought vp at the prizes set according to the goodnesse and caracts of the Pearles In this sea of the fishing of pearles is an Iland called Manar which is inhabited by Christians of the countrey which first were Gentiles and haue a small holde of the Portingale being scituate ouer against Zeyland and betweene these two Ilands there is a Channell but not very bigge and hath but a small depth therein by reason whereof there cannot any great shippe passe that way but small Shipps and with the increase of the water which is at the chaunge or the full of the Moone and yet for all this they must vnlade them and put their goods into small vessels to lighten them before they can passe that waye for feare of Sholdes that lye in the channell after lade them into their Ships to goe for the Indies and this doo all small Ships that passe that waye but those Ships that go for the Indies Eastwardes passe by the coast of Chiarimandell on the other side by the lowe Lande of Chiloa which is beetwéene the Firme Land and the Iland Manor and going from the Indyes to the coast of Chiarimandell they loose some Shippes but they be emptye because that the Shippes that passe that waye discharge they re goods at an Iland called Peripatane and there landiug theire goods into small flatte bottomed Boates which drawe little water and are called Tane and can runne ouer euery Sholds without either daunger or losse of any thing for that they tarrye in Peripatane vntill such time as it be fayre weather Before they departe to passe through the Sholdes there the small Shippes and flat bottomed Boates go together in company and when they haue sayled six and thirty miles they arriue at the place where as the Sholdes be and at that place the windes blow so forcible that they are forced to go through not hauing any other refuge to saue them selues the flat bottomed Boats they goe safe through where as the small Ships if they misse the aforesaid Channell stick fast on the Sholds and by this meanes many are lost and comming back from the Indies they go not that waye but passe by the Channell of Manor as aboue sayde whose Channell is O●ye and if the Shippes sticke fast it is great chance if there be any daunger at all the reason why this Channell is not more surer to goe thether is because the windes that raygne or bl●weth betwéene Zeyland and Manar make the Channell so dry with water that almost there is not any passage from Cao Comery to the Iland of Zeyland is 120. miles ouerthwart Zeyland ZEyland is an Ilande in my iudgement a great deale bigger then Cyrus on that side towards the Indies then westwards is the citie called Colomba which is a hold of the Portingales but without wales or enimies it hath towards the sea his fr●e port y e lawfull king of that Iland is in Colomba and is turned Christian and maintained by the king of Portingale being depriued of his kingdome The king of the Gentiles to whom this kingdome did belong was called the Madoni which had two sonnes the first named Barbynas the Prince the second Ragine this king by the pollicie of his yonger sonne was depriued of his kingdome because he had ●ntised and done that which pleased the armye and Souldiers in dispight of his father brother being prince vsurped the kingdome and became a great warriar first this Iland had thrée kings this Ragine with his father Barbinas his brother the king of Cotta with his conquered prisoners the king of Candia which is a parte of that Iland and is so called by the kingdome of Candia which had a resonable power and was a great friend to the Portingales which said that he liued secretly a Christian the third was the king of Gianifanpatan in 13. years that this Ragine gouerned this Iland he became a great tyrant In this Iland there groweth fine Sinnamon great store of pepper great store of Nuttes and Arochoe ther they make great store of Cairō to make Cordage it bringeth foorth great store of Christall Cattes eies or Echi de Gaty and they say that they finde there some Rubyes but I haue sould Rubies well there y e I brought with me from Pega I was very desirous to sée how they gather the sinnamon or tak it from the trée that it groweth on so much the rather because the time that I was there was the season which they gather it in which was in the moneth of Aprill wheras at which time y ● Portingales were in armes and in the field with the king of the countrey yet I to satisfie my desire although in great danger tooke a guide with me and went into a wood 3. miles from the cittie in which wood was great store of sinnamon trées growing together among other wilde trées this sinnamon trée is a small trée and not very high and hath his leaues like to our Bay trée In the moneth of March or Aprill when the sap goeth vp to the top of the trée then they take the sinamon from that tree in this wise they cut y e barke of the trée round about in length from knot to knot or from ioynt to ioint aboue and belowe and then easily with their hands they take it away laying it in the sun to dry and in this wise it is gathered and yet for all this the tree dyeth not but against the next yeare it will haue a new barke that which is gathered euery yere is the best sinnamon for that which groweth 2. or 3. yeres is great and

the first that was erected the Carauan maketh but sinall iournies about 20 miles a day they set forwards euery morning before day ● houres about ● in y e after noon they sit down we had great good hap in our voyage for that it rained For which cause we neuer wanted water but euerie daye founde good Water so that we coulde not take anie hurt for want of Water Yet we carried a Camel laden alwayes with water y t for euerie good respect y t might chance in the desart so that wee had no want neither of one thing nor other that was to be had in the countrie For wee came verie well furnished of euerie thing and euerie day we eate fresh mutton because their came many Shepheards with vs with their flocks who kept those Sheepe that wee bought in Babylon and euerie merchant marked his shéepe with his owne marke and we gaue the Shepherds a Maidene which is two pence of our mony for the keeping and féeding our Sheepe on the way and for killing of them And beside the Mayden they haue the heads the Skinnes and the intralles of euerie Shéepe they kill We six bought twentie sheep and when we came to Alepo we had seuen aliue of them and in the Carauan they vse this order that the merchants doe lend flesh one to another because they will not carie rawe flesh with them but accomodate one another by lending one one day and another another day From Babylon to Alepo is fortye dayes iourney of the which they make thirtie sixe dayes ouer the Wildernes in which thirtie sixe dayes they neither sée house trées nor people that inhabit it but all onely plaine and no signe of any way in the world The Pilots they go before and the Carauan foloweth after And when they sit downe all the Carauan vnladeth and sitteth downe for they know the stations where the walles are I say in thirtie six dayes we passe ouer the wildernesse For when wee depart from Babylon two dayes wee passe by villages inhabited vntill we haue passed the riuer Euphrates And then within two dayes of Alepo wee haue villages enhabited In this Carauan there goeth alway a Captaine that doth Justice vnto all men and euerie night they kéepe watch about the Carauan and comming to Alepo we went to Trypolie whereas M. Florin M. Andreapolo and I with a frier went and hired a barke to go with vs to Ierusalem departing from Tripoly we ariued at Zaffo from which place in a day and half we went to Ierusalem and wee gaue order to our barke to tarie for vs vntill our returne We stayed in Ierusalem fourteene dayes to visite those holy places from whence wee returned to Zaffo and from Zaffo to Tripoly and there wee shipped our selues in a Shippe of Venice called the Bagazzana And by the helpe of the deuine power wee ariued safely in Venice the fift of Nouember 1581. If there bee any that hath any desire to go into those parts of India let him not be astonied at the troubles that I haue passed because I was imbaratsed in many things for that I went verie pore from Venice w t 1200. Duckets imployed in merchandice and when I came to Tripoly I fell sicke in the house of M. Regaly O-ratio and this man sent awaye my goods with a smal Carauan that went from Tripoly to Alepo and the Carauan was robd and all my goods lost sauing foure ches●s of glasses which cost me 200 Duckets of which glasses I founde many broken because the théeues thinking it had beene other Merchandize they brake them vp and séeing they were glasses they let them all alone And with this onely capitall I aduentured to goe into the Indies And thus with change and rechaunge and by diligence in my voyage God did blesse and helpe me so that I got a good stocke I will not be vnmindfull to put them in remēbrance that haue a desire to goe into those partes howe they shall kéepe their goods and giue it to their heires in the time of their death and which shall be done verie securely in all the Cities that the Portugalles haue in the Indies there is a house called the schoole of Sancta misericordia comissaria which with leauing an almes there to them for their paines to take a coppie of your Will and Testament which you must alwaies carrie about you and chéefely when you goe into the Indies In the Countrie of the Moores and Gentiles which in those voyages alwayes there goeth a Captaine to administer Justice to all Christians of the Portugalles Also this Captaine hath authoritie to recouer the goods of those Merchauntes that by chaunce dieth in those voyages and they that haue not made their Willes and registred them in the aforesaide schooles the Captaines will consume their goods in such wise that little or nothing will be left for his heyres and friendes Also ther goeth in these same vilages some merchantes that are commissaries of y ● schoole of Sancta misericordia that if any merchantes dye and haue his will made and that hee hath giuen order that the Schoole of myser shall haue his goods and to sell them and then to send the mony by exchange to the schoole of Misericordia in Lishborne with that coppie of his testamente then from Lyshborn they giue intelligence thereof into what part of Christendome soeuer it bee and the heirs of such a one comming thether with testimoniall that they be heires they shall receiue there the valure of his goods in such wise that they shall not loose any thing but those that dieth in the kingdom of Pegu looseth the third parte of their goodes by anciente custome of the Countrye that if any Christian dieth in the kingdome of Pegu the king and his officers rest heyres of a third of his goods and there hath neuer beene any deceite or fraude vsed in this matter I haue knowne many rich men that haue dwelled in Pegu and in their age they haue desired to goe into their own cūtrie to die there and haue departed with all the goods and substance without let or trouble In Pegu the fashion of there apparell is all one as well the noble man as the simple the onely difference is in the finest of the cloth which is cloth of Bombast one finer then another and they weare their apparell in this wise First a white bombast cloth which serueth for a shirt then they gird another painted bombaste cloth of forteen brases which they binde vp betwixt their legges and on their heades they there weare a small tock of three braces made in guize of a myter and some goeth without tocks and carie as it were a h●ue on their heades which doth not passe the lower part of his eare when it is lifted vp they goe all bare footed but the noble men neuer goe on foote but are caried by men in a 〈…〉 with great reputatiō with

in the kingdom of Assi The great trade that is at Malacca Voiages which are onlye for the king and his noble men At the Moluccos they lade the Cloues The ship of Drugs so termed of the Portingales The distance of places Ilands not discouered A kind of iealious people China is vnder the gouernment of the great Tartar The riches of China It is a most excellent fine mettall as may be made Tymor an Iland from whence commeth all the white Sādolo A market kept aboord of the ships A prince of a merueilous strength and power Treason Great triumph● The mountains of Zerziline A miserable thing They would haue giuen two hundred a halfe of pepper for a small dish of water and they woul● not take it their miserie was so great A rare thing The loue of the King to strangers was so great that he would take no custome of them The commodities that goe out of Orisa This cloth we call Nettle cloth In this Bengala they lade Nutmegges for there they growe The Riuer of Ganges Bazaras and Pa●uas are the names of the Barkes that they row in the Riuer Ganges A town made for two or three monthes and then burnt The commodities that are laden in Satagan These Gentiles are Idolators Moores are of the sect of Mahomet A Ceremonye of the gentiles when they are dead Portingales doo not drink of the water of the Riuer Ganges Mergy a harbour where ships land Niper Wine is a most excellent drink Niper Wine good to cure the french disease Niper Wine very deere in the Indians Great extremitie at Sea This Tortu go is a shell fishe which liueth in y ● Sea and yet laieth his Egges in the Sand I haue seene 200. and od egges in one of their b●● lies Tauay vnder the King of Pegu. Martauan a Citie vnder the King of Pegu. A custom that these People haue when the King is in the warres A lawe in Pegu for killing of men Great pride of the Portin galles A good discrete way taken for safe garde of his goods A reuenge on the Portingales Pegu is the name of the Kingdome and y ● choice Citie is called after that name A thing most meruailous that at the comming of the tide that the earth should quake This tide is like to the tides in our Riuer of Seuerne These tides make their iust course as o●rs doo This Macareo is a tide or a coraot Houses made of Cane and couered with leaues of trees Godon is a pla●e or house for merchants to lay their goods in The forme of the building of the new Cittye of Pegu. A rich and stately Pallaice Fower white Eliphants This mony cald tansa is halfe a ducket which may be three shillings and foure pence The Prince valure of a King to hazard his whole Kingdome ●o● 〈…〉 Eliphant Eliphantes houses golded ouer with Golde and ●aue the●● meat giuen them in vessells of Siluer and Golde A warhke pollicie An execllent deuice to ●un● and take wilde Elliphants A subtill composition An excellent pastime of the Eliphants These canes are like to thē in Spaine which they call Iaco de●ore A strange thing that a beast so wilde should in so short time be made ●ame The greatest strength that the King of Pegu hath A goodly order in a barberous people The order of their weapons and number of his men Exercise in armes is the cheefest defence of a Cuntry 26. crowned Kinges at his commaund 15. hundreth thousand men in one Camp A people of a hard nature and fit for warres Eating of Serpents This King of Pegu is the great King of Tartaria which we call the great Cam or the King of Q●in say The riches of this Ring of Pegu. An excellent fine mettall made by a mixture of Copper and Lead The great pompe of this King The order of their going This King hath one wise and 300. concubines The order of Iustice No difference of person before the king in controuersies or in Iustice If we had such paper in England sutes in law would not hang so long The commodities that are ventured in Pegu. Note the de parture of the Ships from S. Tomes to Pegu. Commodities brought into Pegu. The Chicken● are peeces of Golde woorth sterling 7. shillinges The Custome house of Pegu is in y ● Kinges house Great rigour for the stea ling of Cust omes Iewells paye custome In those Centries there is another inner lodging but euery man that trauelleth must hier his house and bring his necessaries with him Description of the fruitfulnes of that soyle Deling is a small litter caried with men as is aforesaide Most vile filching of goods Pay custome of the same goods Tareghe are names of the brookes The brokers are lowed to make good al the debts to the merchant A law for banckroutes Euery man may stampe what mony ●e will Buy Golde filuer with copper and leade The order of their monye How a man may despose him selfe for the trade in Pegu. Good instructions The merchandise that goe out of Pegu. Idoll houses what fashion they are of Idoll houses couered with Golde An honest care of hea then people Bargaines made with the nipping of Fingers vnder a cloth The Authors desire to see his Cuntry This Touffon is an extraordinary storme at Sea Touffon commeth but euery 10. or 12. yeeres A heauy case A manifest token of the ebbing and flowing in those Cuntries This Iland is called Sond●ua Victualles good cheap Sondiua is the fruitfull le●t Cuntry in all the world Chitigan is a port in Bengala where the Portingalles goe with their ships The King of Rachim neighbour to Bengala The force of the King of Rachim The commodities that goe from Chitigan to the Indies The Portingall ships depart toward Portingall out of the harbor of Cochine Goa was besieged A Chicken or a Henne cost 6. shillinges Opiū a good Commoditye in Pegu. A reconing before the hoste Pepper tree Ginger Cloues Nutmegs and Maces White Sandolo Canfora Lignū Aloes Beniamin Long Pepper This Muske the Iewes do● counter●eite and open the Cods and take out halfe the good muske and take and beat the flesh of an asse and put that in the roome of it Amber Rubies Saphires and Spinelly Pearles Spodiom On the coaste of Melindy in Ethiopia in the land of Caferaria the great trade that the Portingalls haue Buying and selling with out woords one to ano●hes Golden trades that the Portingalls haue An order how to prouide to goe ouer the Desart from Babilon to Alepo 36 daies iourny ouer the Wilderne An order how to prouide for the going to Ierusalems Counsell of the author A very good order that they haue in those Cuntries for the recouering of the Goods of the dead Those Merchants that dieth in Pegu lo●e the one third of their goods to the King Order of apirell in Pegu. The order of the womens aparell in Pegu. An admonition of the Author