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country_n call_v river_n situation_n 2,562 5 10.8344 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A18028 Geographie delineated forth in two bookes Containing the sphericall and topicall parts thereof, by Nathanael Carpenter, Fellow of Exceter Colledge in Oxford. Carpenter, Nathanael, 1589-1628? 1635 (1635) STC 4677; ESTC S107604 387,148 599

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but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o 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also_o as_o we_o have_v teach_v appertain_v to_o the_o geographer_n be_v as_o many_o section_n of_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n because_o they_o be_v always_o imagine_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o vertical_a point_n wherein_o they_o meet_v the_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o globe_n be_v either_o the_o parallel_n or_o meridian_n who_o description_n we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chapter_n before_o among_o the_o parallel_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o equatour_n which_o be_v make_v great_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o form_n of_o a_o bracelet_n distinguish_v into_o degree_n and_o mark_v at_o every_o 10._o degree_n next_o to_o this_o be_v the_o tropic_n and_o polar_a circle_n represent_v only_o by_o black_a line_n yet_o frame_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v discern_v from_o other_o parallel_n among_o the_o meridian_n the_o most_o notable_a be_v the_o first_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o canary_n and_o paint_v much_o like_o the_o equatour_n cut_v into_o 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geographical_a map_n be_v a_o plain_a table_n wherein_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v express_v and_o describe_v in_o due_a site_n and_o proportion_n some_o will_v have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o map_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o linen_n furniture_n wherewith_o it_o be_v endorse_v which_o be_v not_o unlikely_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o word_n in_o latin_a but_o more_o significant_o by_o other_o it_o be_v term_v a_o geographical_a table_n or_o chartley_n a_o map_n differ_v from_o a_o globe_n in_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v a_o round_a solid_a body_n more_o near_o represent_v the_o true_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o chart_n of_o themselves_o be_v plain_a though_o represent_v a_o sphere_n invent_v to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o a_o globe_n for_o whereas_o a_o globe_n be_v more_o costly_a to_o be_v procure_v of_o poor_a student_n and_o more_o troublesome_a to_o be_v carry_v to_o and_o fro_o a_o map_n be_v more_o cheap_a to_o be_v buy_v and_o far_o more_o portable_a and_o howsoever_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a a_o expression_n as_o the_o globe_n yet_o be_v there_o few_o matter_n represent_v in_o the_o other_o which_o may_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n find_v place_n in_o this_o and_o certain_o such_o be_v the_o use_n and_o necessity_n of_o these_o table_n that_o i_o hardly_o deem_v he_o worth_a the_o name_n of_o a_o scholar_n which_o desire_v not_o his_o chamber_n furnish_v with_o such_o ornament_n it_o be_v write_v of_o that_o learned_a man_n erasmus_n roterodamus_fw-la that_o have_v see_v 50_o year_n he_o be_v delight_v so_o much_o with_o these_o geographical_a map_n that_o undertake_v to_o write_v comment_n on_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n he_o have_v always_o in_o his_o eye_n those_o table_n where_o he_o make_v no_o small_a use_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o site_n of_o such_o place_n whereof_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v in_o these_o day_n that_o young_a student_n instead_o of_o many_o apish_a and_o ridiculous_a picture_n tend_v many_o time_n rather_o to_o ribaldry_n than_o any_o learning_n will_v store_v their_o study_n with_o such_o furniture_n these_o geographical_a map_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o universal_a or_o particular_a the_o universal_a be_v such_o as_o represent_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o particular_a be_v such_o as_o show_v only_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n these_o particular_a table_n be_v again_o of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v such_o as_o describe_v a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereon_o be_v draw_v the_o geographical_a lineament_n by_o we_o describe_v at_o least_o the_o chief_a some_o again_o be_v such_o as_o have_v no_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o heaven_n such_o as_o be_v the_o topographicall_a map_n of_o city_n and_o shire_n wherein_o none_o of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v for_o the_o universal_a and_o first_o sort_n of_o particular_a map_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o they_o proper_o appertain_v to_o geography_n but_o the_o late_a deserve_v much_o less_o consideration_n as_o be_v too_o special_a for_o this_o general_a treatise_n 7_o the_o geographical_a map_n be_v twofold_a eithre_o the_o plain_a chart_n or_o the_o planispheare_n the_o plain_a chart_n we_o call_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o one_o face_n and_o right_a line_n such_o a_o chart_n we_o find_v common_o set_v forth_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mariner_n sea-chart_n for_o howsoever_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v chief_a use_n in_o navigation_n yet_o be_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o it_o more_o general_a as_o that_o which_o not_o only_o express_v the_o sea_n but_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o parallel_n meridian_n and_o rhumbe_n whereof_o primary_o it_o consist_v be_v circle_n common_a to_o the_o whole_a and_o not_o appropriate_v to_o either_o part_n 8_o in_o the_o plaine-chart_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o ground_n second_o the_o inscription_n the_o ground_n be_v the_o space_n or_o platform_n wherein_o the_o line_n be_v to_o be_v inscribe_v the_o inscription_n teach_v the_o manner_n how_o to_o project_v the_o line_n in_o the_o chart_n two_o thing_n be_v remarkable_a to_o wit_n the_o plain_a whereunto_o the_o line_n be_v inscribe_v second_o the_o line_n or_o inscription_n itself_o so_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v two_o point_n first_o how_o this_o plaine-chart_n shall_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o globe_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o representation_n second_o what_o rule_n or_o method_n we_o ought_v to_o use_v for_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o meridian_n parallel_n rhumbe_n and_o other_o lineament_n thereunto_o annex_v both_o which_o depend_v on_o these_o proposition_n 1_o the_o geographical_a chart_n be_v a_o parallellogramme_n conceive_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o a_o sphere_n inscribe_v in_o a_o cylinder_n every_o part_n thereof_o swell_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o to_o the_o hollow_a superficies_n of_o the_o say_v cylinder_n this_o theorem_a seem_n at_o the_o first_o obscure_a consist_v of_o many_o part_n which_o be_v once_o open_v will_v soon_o take_v light_n first_o then_o to_o know_v the_o groundwork_n of_o this_o parallellogramme_n thus_o define_v we_o must_v suppose_v a_o spherical_a superficies_n geographical_a or_o hydrographical_a with_o meridian_n and_o parallel_v to_o be_v inscribe_v into_o a_o concave_n cylinder_n their_o axe_n agree_v in_o one_o second_o we_o must_v imagine_v the_o superficies_n thus_o inscribe_v to_o swell_v like_o a_o bladder_n blow_v equal_o in_o every_o part_n as_o well_o in_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o round_o about_o and_o all_o along_o towards_o either_o pole_n unto_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o cylinder_n so_o that_o each_o parallel_n
the_o earth_n be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_a 3_o the_o internal_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a 4_o the_o common_a be_v in_o number_n three_o 1_o the_o magnitude_n or_o extent_n of_o a_o country_n 2_o the_o bound_n 3_o the_o quality_n the_o magnitude_n comprehend_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o any_o region_n some_o man_n may_v imagine_v that_o i_o make_v a_o needless_a repetition_n of_o these_o propriety_n for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o our_o spherical_a part_n but_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o there_o handle_v no_o other_o matter_n but_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o whole_a globous_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o my_o intent_n here_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o such_o propriety_n as_o particular_o design_n out_o a_o special_a place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n according_a to_o all_o its_o dimension_n and_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o measure_v some_o particular_a region_n mark_v out_o in_o the_o sphere_n we_o have_v define_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n to_o be_v either_o of_o length_n or_o breadth_n because_o as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n it_o be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o can_v it_o not_o according_a to_o geometrical_a ground_n exceed_v two_o dimension_n these_o two_o dimension_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v length_n and_o breadth_n whereof_o every_o plain_a figure_n or_o superficies_n consist_v 5_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n may_v be_v measure_v two_o way_n either_o by_o the_o diameter_n or_o the_o circumference_n the_o diameter_n be_v consider_v either_o in_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o the_o latitude_n whence_o arise_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o country_n from_o north_n or_o south_n note_v these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o place_n who_o breadth_n be_v seek_v be_v distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n and_o be_v whole_o situate_a in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n the_o lesser_a latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v give_v the_o diameter_n to_o put_v this_o rule_n in_o practice_n it_o behoove_v the_o topographer_n who_o will_v find_v out_o the_o greatness_n of_o any_o region_n to_o observe_v two_o latitude_n to_o wit_n to_o measure_v the_o latitude_n in_o the_o most_o northern_a point_n where_o it_o be_v great_a as_o also_o in_o the_o southern_a point_n where_o it_o be_v least_o of_o all_o this_o latter_a subduct_v from_o the_o former_a will_v give_v the_o diameter_n or_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n which_o may_v easy_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o former_a book_n be_v reduce_v into_o miles_n or_o other_o such_o measure_n for_o a_o example_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o our_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n the_o southmost_a part_n of_o which_o lie_v about_o star-point_n in_o devon_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 50_o degree_n the_o northermost_a point_n situate_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ardurnus_fw-la in_o the_o farthermost_a part_n of_o scotland_n have_v in_o latitude_n about_o 60_o degree_n to_o omit_v minute_n the_o lesser_a of_o these_o latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a the_o residue_n will_v be_v 10_o degree_n which_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o mile_n which_o will_v be_v 600_o the_o length_n of_o britain_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 2_o if_o the_o place_n who_o magnitude_n we_o inquire_v be_v under_o the_o equatour_n the_o southern_a latitude_n add_v to_o the_o northern_a will_v show_v the_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n to_o illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o whole_a continent_n of_o africa_n who_o southern_a latitude_n about_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n we_o ●●all_v find_v to_o be_v near_o thirty_o degree_n the_o most_o northern_a latitude_n about_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n very_o near_o the_o same_o rate_n these_o two_o sum_n add_v together_o will_v amount_v to_o 60_o degree_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n because_o we_o suppose_v it_o here_o to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n we_o shall_v have_v 3600_o mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o africa_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 4_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o region_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n admit_v of_o two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o under_o it_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o region_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o lesser_a longitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v show_v the_o diameter_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o example_n of_o which_o we_o will_v take_v cape_n de_fw-fr barca_n lie_v over_o against_o s._n thomas_n island_n in_o africa_n under_o the_o equatour_n who_o longitude_n be_v about_o 30_o degree_n and_o melnide_v situate_a near_o the_o equatour_n over_o against_o sinus_n barbaricus_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o africa_n which_o have_v in_o longitude_n 63_o degree_n the_o least_o longitude_n to_o wit_v 30_o be_v subduct_v from_o 63_o there_o will_v remain_v 33_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o a_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v the_o equatour_n or_o a_o parallel_n very_o near_o which_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n we_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o there_o will_v arise_v 1980_o italian-mile_n but_o if_o the_o degree_n be_v take_v in_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n we_o must_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o table_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o former_a book_n 7_o another_o case_n be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o 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contemplative_a which_o may_v seem_v at_o once_o to_o
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reason_n to_o give_v as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o excellency_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o plain_a and_o low_a country_n rather_o than_o to_o the_o mountain_n people_n but_o in_o discipline_n and_o education_n i_o must_v confess_v other_o common_o to_o be_v happy_a 1._o because_o the_o fertility_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o earth_n invite_v man_n to_o such_o a_o habitation_n it_o must_v needs_o happen_v that_o such_o country_n must_v be_v more_o populous_a and_o by_o consequence_n settle_v to_o themselves_o a_o better_a form_n of_o government_n than_o those_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o barren_a soil_n be_v more_o neglect_v 2._o because_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o be_v find_v the_o chief_a mean_n of_o institution_n of_o youth_n be_v found_v in_o plain_a country_n and_o valley_n this_o perfection_n that_o such_o region_n boast_v of_o be_v owe_v rather_o to_o institution_n then_o nature_n hence_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o our_o theorem_a 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