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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61210	A description of France in its several governments together with the most considerable cities, sea-ports, and rivers of that kingdom; as also the distances, with the longitudes, and latitudes of each place, &c. with many other remarks, necessary to the knowledge of that kingdom. By J.S. Gent. Illustrated with a map.	J. S.; Hove, Frederick Hendrick van, 1628?-1698, engraver.	1692 (1692)	Wing S51; ESTC R212956	41,764	137

The Soil is not generally Fertile Quality by reason of the great Number of Mountains and Forests which are to be met with in some of its Provinces The Rhône the Saone the Loire Rivers and the Allier are the most celebrated Rivers that water the extent of this Government Lyonnois is one of the most agreeable Countries of France being diversified with Plains and delicious Hills which produce very good Corn excellent Wines and great store of different Fruits particularly Chesnuts which ar● transported all over Europe Lyons ONE of the most ancient and celebrated Cities of Gaul is a Noble City since its Situation is exceeding pleasant its Climat very Healthful its Places and Edifices most Magnificent It is at present one of the Richest and most Populous Cities of the Kingdom in Merchants Trading in several Places by means of the Loire the Saone and the Rhône There are Banks and Correspondencies for Africa Asia and all the principal states of Europe all sorts of Manufactures and Impressions of Books It was formerly a Colony of the Romans It s Mayor and Sheriffs are ennobled and transmit their Honour to their Posterity The Canons of the Cathedral Church are to be Noble in the Fourth Race and bear the Title of Earls It has an Archbishop who qualifies himself Primat of the Gauls There is also a Generality a Mint and a Presidial See It is seated on the Confluence of the Rhône and the Saone about 16 Miles from Vienne 70 from Geneva 150 from Turin 200 from Orleans and 230 from Paris Lon. 24.8 Lat. 45.24 Beaujeu UPon the Ardiere is the Capital of Beaujolois There is nothing recommendable in this City but a very antient work of Embroidery which represents the Sacrifice of a Hog a Sheep and a Bull which is to be seen over the Portal of the Principal Church The Romans called these Sacrifices Suovetauralia It stands on the Brow of a Hill about 30 Miles from Lyons and 14 from Mascon Lon. 23.50 Lat. 45.50 Mont-Brison UPon the Vezise passes for the Capital of Forez It is famous for an Admirable Piece of Clock-work about 43 Miles from Lyons Lon. 23.10 Lat. 45.14 Clermont THis City is not only the Capital o● Lower Auvergne but of the whole Province It is renowned in History for the holding of several Councils Under King Philip the First the Voyage of the Holy Land was here resolved on Here is said to be a Fountain which has the vertue to Petrify for with the single course of its Waters which seem to be thick and bituminous it has made a Wall 200 Yards long and 4 yards high with a Bridge which they are obliged to cut down sometimes to prevent its too great encrease King Charles the Ninth had the curiosity to go and see it in his Journy to Bayonne It is an Episcopal See and stands on a little Hill about 50 Miles from Moulins 90 from Lyons and 200 from Paris Lon. 22.00 Lat. 45.28 Saint Flour is the Capital of Upper Auvergne remarkable for its Bishops See about 45 Miles from Clermont Riom Capital of the Dutchy of Auvergne holds the Second Rank after Clermont It is adorned with a Generality a Mint Presidial and other Prerogatives about 7 Miles from Clermont Moulins THis City is the Capital of the Province of Bourbonnois accompanied with a Castle considerable for its strength and building It has likewise very sine and large Suburbs where is made the best sort of Knives and Scissars which are Transported from thence It has a Generality upon which depend the Elections of Montlucon Gannat and Esvaon and some others of Nivernois and the Upper Marche The Inhabitants have the reputation of being Civil and Officious It stands nigh the Center of all France on the River Allier about 28 Miles from Nevers 96 from Lyons and 90 from Dijon Lon. 22.14 Lat. 46.16 Gueret with its Royal Jurisdictions is the Capital of the Upper Marche it stands on the River Cruse about 32 Miles from Limoges Dorat is the Capital of the Lower Marche about 26 Miles from Limoges and 47 from Poitiers 9. Of the Government of GUYENNE THis Country was antiently called the Kingdom of Aquitain ab Aquis because of the great number of Springs and Fountains of Hot Water Eleanor Inheritrix of this Province and Wife of Loüis the Young King of France having been Divorced espoused Henry King of England to whom she brought for a Dowry this Guyenne which Loüis had rendred to her This was a Firebrand that kindled between the Two Crowns a War which lasted near 300 years and finished but in 1443. The Government of Guyenne is full as spacious as Orleanois Extent since it extends it self from East to West above 240 Miles from St. John de Breüil Frontier of Languedoc to the Sea and from South to North above 225 from the Port of Albe in Cominge to Niort in Poitou It is bounded in the North by Poitou Angoumois Bounds and la Marche in the East by Auvergne and Languedoc in the South by the Pyrenaean Mountains which separate it from Spain and in the West by the Ocean The Air is generally wholesom enough Quality the Soil fertile in Corn Wine and Fruits except in the Lands towards the Coasts and the Pyrenaeans where it produces nothing but Broom and Pasturage which feed a good number of Cattel Fountains of hot Water are generally to be found here It is watered with a great Number of Rivers Rivers amongst which is remarked the Garomne the Lot the Dordonne l'Adour and the Charnte The Confluence of the Garomne and the Dordonne which is made at the Mouth of Ambez is very dangerous It is to be observed that from the Mouth of Ambez to the Sea this River is called Gironde and not Garomne as Sanson has marked in all his Maps It is divided into two principal Parts whereof one that is towards the North retains the Name of Guyenne and the other which is towards the South is called in general Gascogne Guyenne distinguisht into Eight little Countries First of all one observes observes Guyenne properly so called and Bazadois about the Garomne Agenois Quercy and Roüergue which are to be found in order upon the Lot in ascending to its Rise on the Northern side Limosin is seated to the North of the Dordonne Perigord about the same River and Xaintogne about the Charente and upon the Coasts of the Ocean Gascogne is likewise divided into several little Countries First Armagna● is distinguished in the midst which extends it self to the Pyrenaean Mountains and is subdivided into several little Jurisdictions as the Upper and Lower Armagnac the Countries of Riviere Verdun Lomagne c. towards the North Condommois and les Landes towards the West the same Lands and the Land of Labourd on the South one meets with in order along the Pyrenaeans the lower Navarre with the Vicounty of Soul Bearn and Bigorre after which one rejoyns the upper Armagnac and towards

Of the Government of LANGUEDOC CAEsar after the Conquest of Provence still advances into Gaul distinguish●d the Province which we call Langue●oc by the Name of Gaul Narbonoise ●n the declining of the Empire it was ●surped upon the Romans by the Goths who gave it the Name of Gothia establishing therein the Kingdom of the Visigoths whereof Toulouse was the Capital and which was absolutely extinguished since Charles Martel Some Authors pretend and not without cause that Languedoc took its Denomination from the Goths who reigning long in the Country left behind them a smack of their Language and therefore it was called Languegotia Name and now Euphoniae gratiâ termed Languedotia or Languedoc that is the Goths Language Ortelius conjectures this to be the reason whereas the other French-men in an Affirmation say Oüy these of this Country say Oc and therefore called Languedoc The Government of Languedoc Extent which comprehends les Cevennes extends it self from East to West about 210 Mile● And near 240 from South to North-E●● from Aiqs in the Earldom of Foix ● Annonay towards Lyonnois The Rhône separates it towards th● East from Dauphine and Province Bounds ●onnis Auvergne Roüergue and Quer● bound it towards the North Gascog● that is to say Armagnac and le Coming towards the West and Catalonia wit● the Mediterranean Sea towards the Sout● Languedoc passes for one of the mo●● agreeable and fertile Provinces of th● Kingdom having the Advantages o● Olives Raisons Figs Oranges and other Fruits not ordinary but here and in the adjoyning Province Quality The People have somewhat in them of the ancien● Goths and come nearer to the Humon● of the Spaniards than any other of the French as being esteemed very devour great Boasters of themselves affecting Gallantry above their Estates not caring how they pinch it on Workydays or at home in private provided they may make a Figure in the Street and be fine on Holydays The Temper of the Women too but in them 't is more excusable The Soil of Cevennes is very moun●●inous and infertile in many places ●n others it poduces Wine Millet Ches-●uts and other Fruits It s greatest Fer●ility is in Pasturage which makes the Country abound in Cattel especially in ●heep and Mules Here is a great store of Wildsowl c. Besides the Rhône which I have al●eady mentioned there are several other Rivers amongst which one observes the Tarn which passes by Montau●an and mingles its Waters with those of the Garomne beyond Moissac The Ariege the Aude which passes by Careassone in which the Tresquel discharges it self which is joyned by a Canal with the little Lers which goes to discharge it self into the Garomne 'T is the Canal of Languedoc which has been so much talkt of for the Communication of the two Seas the Ocean and the Mideterranean Mr. Du Val has made a particular Map thereof Languedoc is divided into upper and lower the one towards the West Division and the other towards the East upon the Mideterranen Sea The first comprehends Toulousan Albigeois Lauragais and the Earldom of Foix. The other is distinguished into Three Parts to w●● Narbonne Beziers and Nismes which are to be found thus in order going from West to East Les Cevennes which is seated to the North of the Lower Languedoc is also distinguished into Three Countries which are Gevaudan Vivarais and Vellay The First is towards the West the Second towards the East along the Rhône and the Last to the North of these Two Cholouse SEated upon the Garomne is the Capital City of this Government It passes for one of the ancientest and finest Cities of all France It was the Seat of the ancient Tectosages wh● made so many Conquests in Asia and Greece It was one of the Colonies o● the Romans and since that Capital of the Kingdom of the Visigoths and afterwards that of Aquitain then of a particular and very powerful County whose Titular was Peer of France It is now adorned with an Archiepiscopal See a Parliament a Seneschalsey a Generality a Mint and a University It enjoys several Monuments of Antiquity as a Capitol an Amphitheatre Aqueduct ancient Temples and many other Curiosities several Churches here and most part of the Houses are built with Brick It is about 21 Miles from Montauban 42 from Aux and 54 from Chaors Lon. 19.48 Lat. 43.29 Alby SEated upon the Tarn is the Capital of Albigeois It was erected but of late to an Archbishoprick by Pope Innocent the Eleventh It s Archbishop is Lord of the City Remarkable in Church-History for those great Opposites to the Corruptions and Errors of the Church of Rome called the Albigenses against whom the War was made under Philip Augustus Loüis the Eighth and Saint-Loüis It stands about 35 Miles from Rodes and 42 from Toulouse Lon. 20.40 Lat. 43.43 Narbon SEated on the Mouth of the River Aude the first Roman Colony after Carthage out of Italy This Narbon was in the Infancy of the Roman Empire the greatest and most populous Town of all France Insomuch that from it all this part was called Galli● Narbonensis a Province of which Plin● afforded us this Censure that for Fettility of Soil and Civility of People it was inferiour to none in the Roman Empire It had formerly a Capitol an Amphitheatre and several ancient Monuments whose Remainders are to be seen at this day It is an Archbishops See who presides over the States of Languedoc and is at present well Fortified as a Town of War frontiering Catalonia and the Land of Rousillon It is about 35 Miles from Perpignan 60 from Mompelier and 88 from Toulouse Lon. 21.35 Lat. 42.48 Nimes IN Latin Nemausus anciently a Roman Colony now a Bishops See where there remain some Marks of the Roman Greatness especially the Ruins of a spacious Palace built by the Emperor Adrian It was very much esteemed by the Emperors Between Nîmes and Vsez is to be found the Bridge du Gard upon the River Gardon which passes in this place betwixt two Mountains which are joyned by this Bridge 'T is one of the noblest Monuments that is left us of the Romans It has Three Stories of Arches one upon another and the last was an Aqueduct It s Structure imprints Horror and Respect at the same time Nîmes stands about 18 Miles from Arles 22 from Avignon and 24 from Mompelier Lon. 22.25 Lat. 43.16 Mompelier THis City was scarce any thing 700 Years ago but now 't is one of the fairest of France seated on a high Mountain as the Name imports some 12 Miles distant from the Sea It is honoured with an Episcopal See a Generality a Mint a Presidial and a famous University where Physick holds the first Rank and for that very happily seated the Country round about affording great variety of Medicinal Herbs The Royal Garden of Plants is a great Curiosity Of late one of the strongest Holds which those of the Reformed Religion possessed in this

Province made part of Gaul Narbonois and was the First Conquest of Caesar in Gaul He called it the Province 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by excellency Name over the other Parts which he had reduced under the Obedience of the Romans It was the First of the ancient Kingdom of Burgundy some of whose Kings have born the particular Title of Kings of Arles It extends it self from East to West above 150 Miles Extent from the Mouth of the Var to the Rhône And from South to North near 120. From the Cape Ceerchiez towards Toulon as far as the Durance 9 Miles beyond Ambrun It is bounded in the North by Dauphine in the East in part by Piemont Bounds from which it is divided by the Alps and the County of Nice and in part by the Mediterranean Sea In the South by the same Sea and in the West by the Rhône which separates it from Languedoc The whole is much of the same nature with Languedoc Quality but is one part thereof to wit between Marseilles and Arles different from all the rest of France By the French usually called le Crau by the elder Writers Campi Lapidei because all in a manner overspread with Stones In this Province is said to be made the best Oyl of the Kingdom and very good Salt at Berre and Pecais Besides the Rhône Rivers one observes amongst its Rivers the Durance which receives the Verdon and the Hubaye the Argens the Var and the Arc which take their Original all Three from hence Here are also several Gulphs as that of Marseille Hyeres Grimaut Lerins c. Between la Crau and the Durance is to be found Five or Six Lakes The Mouths or Channels of the Rhône are called Graus in the Language of the Country Upon the Coasts one meets with the I●ands of Martegue Pomegue Hyeres or Stecades the Isles of Lerins in their Gulf which were heretofore renowned by the Conquest which the late Earl of Harcourt made here with a handful of Men. Although Provence is divided into Vpper Middle and Lower Division yet it will be better distinguished by its Diocesses which I will endeavour to put in the easiest order imaginable First of all in the Middle one finds the Diocesses of Aix Riez Senez and Digne the First about the Durance the other Three about the Verdun in ascending to its Spring which is in the last Upon the Coasts the Diocesses of Arles Marseille Toulon Trejuls Grace and Vence which are to be met with thus in order going from West to East The Diocess of Glandeve is about the Var. Towards the North those of Sisteron and Apt with the County of Venaissin with the Principality of Orange Aix Near the little River of Arc is the Metropolis of Provence and was that of Narbonensis Secunda and at that time called Aquae Sextiae from Cajus Sextius who brought hither a Roman Colony and the Hot Baths here It is now and has been of a long time an Archbishops See and adorned with a Court of Parliament for this Country An. 1501. also a Generality and a Mint It is a very neat and populous City memorable in History for the great Defeat of the Cimbri by C. Marius Eâ victoriâ visus meruisse ne ejus nati Rempublicam poeniteret by this Victory and this alone obliging the Romans as Vellejus has it not to be sorry for his Birth About 14 Miles from Marseille and 36 from Toulon Lon. 24.40 Lat. 43.4 Arles UPon the Rhône by Ausonius called the Rome of France and in those times so highly valued that Constantinus Flavius being chosen Emperor by the British Legions in the declining times of the Western Empire designed to have made it his Imperial Seat It is a very ancient City where the Romans established their Sixth Colony It has yet the Remainders of an Amphitheatre an Obelisk all of Stone and some other Monuments It s Bridge of Boats over the Rhône passes for a very Noble Work It has a low and marshy Situation which natural Strength seconded by the new Works of King Henry the Fourth have made it one of the most assured Bulworks of France on this side the Kingdom It has been the Regal Seat of the French Kings of Burgundy who from hence were stiled Kings of Arles Between this City and the Sea but on the other side of the River runs a deep Channel cut with infinite Charge and Industry by C. Marius for Conveyance of Victuals into his Camp in his War against the Cimbri before mentioned It is an Archbishops See c. about 44 Miles from Aix as many from Marseilles and 16 from Nîmes Lon. 33.38 Lat. 43.5 Marseille A Known Port on the Mideterranean and a very ancient City which flourished in the time of Caesar by whom it was forced and made a Colony It was governed as a Republick and had a famous Academy It is an Episcopal See and one of the Admiralty It s Port passes for one of the securest of the Mediterranean See the Ships of France retire hither for the mosh part 't is a place of the greatest Resort by the Levantins and has a very considerable Traffick For which reason it must be very populous It stands about 14 Miles from Aix 38 from Toulon and 44 from Arles Lon. 24.35 Lat. 42.47 Coulon IS also an Episcopal City by Ptolemy called Tauroentium and by some Tholone beautified with a fair and capacious Haven one of the best of the Mediterranean which serves also for a Retreat to the French Ships of War Gallies and many other Vessels It is well stored with Oyl great quantity of Salt conveyed hither from the Isle of Ere 's about 9 Miles off and a sort of Almonds called Provence Almonds made by this means one of the most frequented Ports of the Miditerranean About 38 Miles from Marseilles 43 from Aix c. Lon. 25.22 Lat. 42.34 Salon A Little City which is renowned for being the Birth-place of the famous Nostradamus whose Tomb is still to be seen here enclosed in the Wall of the Church with his Pourtraiture upon it Of the County of VENAI SIN THis Country has been in the Dependance of the Holy See ever since the Year 1228. Pope Clement the Fourth having translated the Pontifical See to Avignon in the Year 1305. Clement the Sixth purchased this City 38 Years after together with the County and his Successors made their Peaceble Residence here to the year 1380. when Gregory the Eleventh returned again to Rome Avignon UPon the Rhône is the Capital of the County the ordinary Seat of the Popes Vice-Legat an Archbishop a● Inquisition and an University In this City are said to be Seven Palaces Seven Parish-Churches Seven Monasteries Seven Nunneries Seven Inns and Seven Gates There is one thing remarkable in Relation to this City and very necessary to be known by Travellers which is very incommodious about Avignon Namely that the Gates of this City are exactly shut at Sun-set