base but now verie famous in as much as it hath béene the Pallace of Iuba and is called Caesarea On the hither-side of this Cittie for it standeth almost in the mid shore are the Towns of Cartenna and Arsenaria and the Castle Ampsa and the gulfe Laturus and the riuer Sardabale and beyond it is the common buriall place of the blood Roiall Then comme Citties of Iasion and Vthisia and the brookes of Ancus and Nabar falling betwéene them into the Sea and certaine other thinges which to suppresse with silence is neither losse of matter nor preiudice to fame Innermost and a great way off from the shore a woonderfull matter if it be to be beléeued the backe bones of Fishes broken shelles of Murreies and Disters Stones worne as is woont to be with beating waues and not differing Anchors fastened as in rocks of the Sea and other such like signes and tokens of the Sea flowing euen vnto those places in times past are reported to be and to be found in the barreine féelds that beare nothing The lesser Affricke The seuenth Chapter THe Countrie that followeth from the Foreland of Metagonium to the Philens altars dooth properlie beare the name of Affricke In it are the Townes of Hippo Rhegius and Rusicade and Tabraca Then thrée Forelands called the white Mount Appollos Mount and Mercuries Mount shooting hugelie into the déepe make two great Bayes The hithermost is called Hippon of Hippo Diarrhytus which is a Towne standing vppon the riuadge of it At the other are Laelyes campe Cornellis campe the riuer Bragada the Citties of Vtica and Carthage both famous and both builded by the Phaenicians Vtica innobled with the destruction of Cato and Carthage for the destruction of it selfe now a frée Towne of the Romanes and in old time a striuer with them for their Empire euen now againe wealthie and euen now more famous for her former destruction then for her present recouery From hence the Syrt stand Leptis Clupea Abrotanum Taphre and Naples as among bace thinges the famousest The mouth of the Syrt where it taketh in the open Sea is almost a hundred myles broade and it is thrée hundred myles compasse by the bankes of it but it is harbroughlesse and rough and partlie by reason of the numbers of shallowes quicke sandes and flattes that are in it but more for the changeable alteration of the sea in his ebbing and flowing it is excéeding daungerous Aboue this is a great Poole which receyueth into it the riuer Triton and the Poole it selfe is also called Triton Whereof Minerua hath one of her syr names because as the inhabiters thereabouts suppose she was bred there And they make the tale to haue some likelyhood of trueth because they kéepe holie the same daye which they thinke she was borne on with solemme Ioustes and Tourneies of young Maidens Beyond that is the Towne Oea and the riuer Cimphis which runneth through most fruitfull féeldes Then is there an other Leptis and an other Syrt of like name and nature to the former but almost halfe as bigge againe as the other both at the mouth and in the compasse of it Unto this belongeth the Foreland of Boreon and the coast beginning at the same which the Loteaters are reported to haue possessed from thence foorth to Phycus which also is an other Forelande it is altogether harbroughlesse The Altars aforesaide tooke their name of two brethren called Phileâ—s who being sent from Carthage against the Cyrenians to make a finall end of warre that had béene long betwéene them for the bounds of their Countries to the great slaughter of both partes when couenaunt was not kept according to agréement which was that wheresoeuer the Ambassadours mette which were sent out of both Citties at a time prefixed there should be the boundes of both the Realmes vppon couenaunting a new that whatsoeuer was on this side should fall to the lotte of their owne countreyfolke suffered them selues to be buried quicke in this place a wonderful thing and right worthy to be had in remembraunce Of Cyrenaica The eight Chapter FRom thence to Catabathmos is the Prouince of Cyrenaica wherin are the Oracles of Hammon famous for the assured trueth therof and a fountaine which they call Sonnewell and a certaine Mountaine holie to the South winde For if this Hyll be touched with mans hand the winde ryseth excéeding boistrous and turmoyling the sandes as it were waters rageth as the sea dooth with waues The Well at midnight is scalding whote afterward by lyttle lyttle falling to be but luke warme at day light it becommeth colde and as the sunne ryseth in heigth it wexeth colder and colder so that at noone it is most extreamelie colde From that time it gathereth heate againe and in the beginning of the night becommeth warme and as it groweth further in the night it encreaseth more in heate so that at midnight it is sealding where againe Upon the shore are the Forclandes of Zephyrion and Naustâ—thmos the Hauen of Paraetonie and the 〈◊〉 Hesperia Apollonia Ptolemais Aâ—â—moe and 〈◊〉 it selfe whereof the whole Countrie taketh his 〈◊〉 Catabathmos which is a slope valley shoring downe to Egipt-ward is the vttermost bound of Affricke Thus are the coastes inhabited for the most part with ciuill people after the manner of our Countries sauing that some of them differre in languages and in the seruing of their Goddes which they kéepe of their owne Countrie worshipping them after their owne Countrie fashion There are no Citties neere one to an other howbeit there be houses which are called Uillages Their fare is harde and without cleanlinesse The Noble men and Gentlemen goe in Cassockes and the common people are cladde in skinnes of Cattell and wilde Beastes the grounde is their bedde to rest on and their Table to feede on Their vesselles are made eyther of woodde or of barke their drinke is milke and the iuice of berries their meate is for the most part Uenison for they spare their Cattell as long as they can because it is the onelie best thing which they haue The vplandishe folke doo yet after a more rude fashion wander abroade following their Cattell and according as pasturage leadeth them so remoue they themselues and their sheddes from place to place and wheresoeuer day â—aileth them there they abide all night And albeit that being thus euerie where scattered by householdes and without any lawe they consult not in common vpon any thing yet notwithstanding for as much as euerie of them hath many Wiues at once and by reason thereof many Children and kinsefolke there neuer liueth any small company of them together in one place Of those sortes of people which are reported to be beyonde the Wyldernesse the Athlantes curse the Sunne both when he ryseth and when he setteth as noysome both to themselues and to their groundes They haue no names seuerallie neither feede they
and the men spin and carde and take charge of the house at home The Women beare burthens on their shoulders the men on their heads When the Parentes fall in pouertie the women are bounde of necessitie to finde them the men are at choice They eate their meate openlie and without their doores and doo their naturall néedes in the innermost partes of their houses They worshippe the shapes of many Beastes or to saye the trueth the verie beastes themselues some one Beast and some an other in so much as it is a matter of life and death to haue kylled some Beastes euen vnwares And when they die either by disease or by mischaunce it is their custome to burie them and mourne for them The common God of all the people is Apis a blacke Bull marked with certaine spottes and vnlyke other Bulles in tongue and fayle It is a rare matter to finde one of that bréede For as they holde opinion he is not engendered by a Beast of the same kinde but is conceyued by supernaturall power of heauenlie fire and the daye that he is calued is helde for a most holie and Feastiuall daye of all the whole Nation They being by their owne assertion the auncientest of all Nations haue registred in autentike Chronicles thrée hundred and thirtie Kinges before Amasis and the continuaunce of aboue thirtéen thousand yéeres And they kepe it written in good Recordes that in the tyme that the Egiptians haue continued the Starres haue foure times altred their courses and the Sunne hath twise gone down where it now ryseth In the raigne of Amasis they inhabited twentie thousande Citties and nowe also they inhabite verie many The notablest of them farre from the Sea are Say Memphis Syene Bubastis Elephant and Thebes which hath as is reported in Homer a hundred Gates or as other saye a hundred Pallaces the houses of so many Princes eche of which Pallaces as the state of affayres required was wont to send foorth ten thousande armed men On the shore standeth Alexandria by the Marches of Affricke Pelusium cutteth the borders of Arabia The names of the mouthes of Nyle are Canopicum Bolbiticum Sebenuiticum Pathnuiticum Mendesium Tanicum and Pelusiacum Of Arabia The tenth Chapter ARabia extendeth from thence to the redde Sea and being thencefoorth more pleasaunt and plentifull it aboundeth in Frankinsence and Spices In the hither part sauing where Mount Casius maketh it high it is altogether plaine and barren and there it receyueth the Hauen of Azotus which is the Mart Towne and vent for the wares of that Countrie Where this hyll mounteth in height it is so high that from the toppe of it a man maye sée the Sunne in the fourth watch Of Syria The eleuenth Chapter SYria runneth a great way along the Sea◠coast and verie farre also into the mayne Land and is called by sundrie names For it hight Caele and Mesopotamia and Damascene and Adiabene and Babilonia and Iewrie and Sophene furthermore it beareth the name of Palestine where it butteth vpon Arabia and Phaenicia and where it ioyneth to Cilicia it is called Antioche In olde time and a long while together it was a puissant Realme but most puissant when Semiramis reigned ouer it There are surelie many notable workes of hers but two of them passe all the rest namelie the building of that wonderfull great Cittie Babilon and the letting in of the riuers Euphrates and Tigris into those Countries which before time were drie Howbeit in Palestine there is a great and strong fortified Towne called Gaza for so the Persians terme a Treasorie and thervpon it tooke that name because when Cambises inuaded Egipt with warre he bestowed his prouision for the warres and all his Treasure there There is also Ascalon as bigge as the other And there is Ioppa builded by report before the flood where the dwellers by affirme that Cepheus reigned vpon likelihood for that certaine olde Altars with great shewe of holinesse haue in them styll ingrauen the names of him and of his brother Phineus And besides that for a more assuraunce of the thing so renowmed in verses and olde tales and of the sauing of Andromade by Perseus they shewe for a plaine Monument the excessiue great bones of the Monstar of the Sea Of Phaenicia The twelfth Chapter PHaenicia is renowmed for the Phaenicians a pollitique kinde of men and both in feates of warre and peace péerelesse They first inuented Letters and Letter matters and other Artes also as to goe to the Sea with Shippes to fight vpon the water to reigne ouer Nations to set vp Kingdomes and to fight in order of battell In it is Tyre sometime an Ile but nowe ioyned to the firme Land since the time that Alexander made workes about it to assault it Further foorth stand certaine small Uillages and the Cittie of Sidon euen yet styll wealthie and in olde time the greatest of all the Citties vppon the Sea coast before it was taken by the Persians Betwéene that and the foreland of Euprosopon there are two Townes called Byblos and Botris and beyonde them were thrée other ech distaunt a furlong a sunder and therefore the place was of the number called Tripolis then follow the Castle Simyra and a Cittie not vnrenowmed called Marathos From thence the Countrie being not crooked with the Sea but lying right foorth side by side vnto it bendeth his shore into the maine Land and receiueth a great Baye About the which dwell ritch people the cause whereof is the scituation of the place for that the Countrie being fertyle and furnished with many Riuers able to beare Shippes serueth well for the easie exchaunge and conueying in of all kinde of wares both by Sea and Land Within that Baye is first the residue of Syria which is syrnamed Antioche and on the shore thereof stande the Citties Seleuca Paltos Beritos Laodicia and Arados betwéene which Citties runne the Riuers Lychos Hypatos and Orontes Then followeth the Mountaine Amanus immediatlie from whence beginneth Myriandros and Cilicia Of Cilicia The thirteenth Chapter IN the innermost retreite there is a place sometime of great renowme as a beholder and witnesse bearer of the discomfiture of the Persians by great Alexander and of the flight of Darius at that time hauing in it a famous great Cittie called Issos whereof the Bay is named the Bay of Issos but now hauing not so much as a lyttle Towne Farre from thence lyeth the Foreland Amanoides betwéene the Riuers Pyramus and Cydnus Pyramus being the néerer to Issos runneth by Mallon and Cydnus runneth out beyond through Tarsus Then is there a Cittie possessed in olde time by the Rhodians and Argiues and afterward at the appointment of Pompey by Pyrates now called Pompeiople then called Soloe Hard by on a lyttle hyll is the Tombe of the Poet Aratus woorthy to be spoken of because it is vnknowne
is berries and as well the women as the men goe bare headed They are therefore counted holie and so farre is any man of those so many cruell Nations from dooing them harme that if other folke flie vnto them they be as safe as in a Sanctuarie Beyond them riseth the Mountaine Riphey and beyond the Mountaine lyeth the â—oast that butteth vpon the Occean ⧠The second Booke of that woorthy Cosmographer Pomponius Mela concerning the scituation of the world Of Scithia of Europe The first Chapter THE marches and scituation of Asia extending to our Sea and the riuer Tanais are such as I haue shewed before Now to them that rowe backe againe downe the same riuer into Maeotis on the right hand is Europe which was directlie on the left side of them as they sailed vp the streame it butteth vpon the mountaine Riphey for the same also extendeth hither The snow which falleth continually dooth make the CouÌ„trie so vntrauellable that a man is not able to sée any farnesse into it Beyond is a Countrie of a verie ritch soyle but vninhabitable notwithstanding because the Griffons a cruell and eger kinde of wilde Beastes doo woonderfullie loue the golde which lyeth altogether discouered aboue the ground and doo woonderfullie kéepe it and are verie fierce vppon them that touch it The first men are Scithians and of the Scithians the first are the Arimaspians which are reported to haue but one eye a péece From thence are the Essedons vnto Maeotis The Riuer Buges cutteth the compasse of the Lake and the Agathyrsies and the Sauromats inhabite about it who because they dwell in Cartes are named Hamaxobits Then the coast that runneth out askew to the Bosphor is inclosed betwéene Pontus Maeotis The side toward the Lake is possessed by the Satarches The brest toward the Bosphor of Cimmeria hath the townes of Myrmecion Panticape Theodosia and Hermesium The other side toward Pontus Euxinus is possessed by the Taurians Aboue them is a Baye full of Hauens and therefore is called the fayre Hauen and it is inclosed betwéene two Forelandes whereof the one called the Rammes head butteth against the Foreland of Cerambis which we saide before to be in Asia and the other called Parthenion hath néere vnto it a towne called Cherronesus builded if it may be beléeued by Diana and is very famous for the Caue Nymphaeum in the toppe therof hallowed to the Nymphes Then the Sea fléeteth vnder a banke and following continuallie vppon the shores flying backe which the Satarkes and Taurians possesse vntyll he be but fiue myles from Maeotis maketh a Nesse That which is betwéene the Lake the Bay is named Taphre and the Bay it selfe is called Carciuites In the same is the Cittie Carciue by the which doo run two Riuers Gerros Hypacyris which fall into the Sea in one mouth but come from two seuerall heads and from two seueral places For Gerros swéepeth betwéen the Basilids and Nomades Then are there woods wherof those Countries beare very great store and there is the Riuer Panticapes which disseuereth the Nomades and Georgians From thence the land wideneth farre and ending in a slender shanke ioineth with the Sea shore Afterward enlarging againe measurablie it sharpeneth it selfe by little little and gathering his long sides as it were into a point groweth into the likenesse of the blade of a sworde laide flatlinges Achilles entering the Sea of Pontus with a Nauie like an enimie after he had gotten victorie is reported to haue made a gaming in the same place for ioy therof and to haue exercised himselfe his men in running while they rested from warre and therefore the place is called Achilles race Then runneth Boristhenes by a Nation of the same name the pleasauntest of all the Riuers of Scithia For whereas all the other are thicke and muddie he runneth excéeding cléere more gentle than the rest most pleasaunt to drinke of It cherisheth most fine and batling pasture and great Fishes which are of very delicate taste and haue no bones He commeth from farre aud springing from an vnknowne head beareth in his channell fortie daies iorney and being all that way able to beare Shippes he falleth into the sea hard by Borysthenides and Olbis Gréeke Citties Hypanis rysing out of a great Poole which the dwellers by call the mother of Hypanis incloseth the Callipeds and a long while together runneth the same that he was at his head At length not farre from the Sea he taketh so bitter waters out of a lyttle Fountaine called Exampaeus that from thencefoorth the runneth vnlike himselfe and altogether vnsauerie The next which is called Axiaces commeth downe among the Calliâ—â—des and Axiakes The Riuer Tyra seperateth these Axiakes from the Istrians it springeth among the Neures and falleth into the Sea by a Towne of his owne name But that famous Riuer which parteth the Nations of Scithia from the NatioÌ„s folowing rysing from his spring in Germanie hath an other name at his head than at his falling into the Sea For through huge Countries of great Nations a long while together he beareth the name of Danow Afterward being diuersely termed by the dwellers by he taketh the name of Ister and receyuing many riuers into him wexeth huge and giuing place in greatnesse to none of all the Riuers that fall into our Sea sauing onelie to Nile he runneth into the sea with as many mouthes as he whereof thrée are but small the rest are able to beare Shippes The natures and behauiours of the Nations differ The Essedones solemnize the deathes of their Parents merelie with sacrifices and feasting of their neighbours and acquaintaunce They cutte their bodies in péeces and chopping them finelie with the inwardes of beasts make a feast of them and eate them vp The heads of them when they haue cunninglie pullished them they bind about with gold occupie them for Cups These are the last dueties of naturall loue among them The Agathyrsies paint their faces and their lyms and as any of them commeth of better Auncestors so doth he more or lesse die himselfe but all that are of one lynnage are died with one kinde of marke that in such sort as it cannot be gotten out The Sarmates being altogether vnacquainted with Golde and Siluer the greatest plagues in the world doo in stéede thereof vse exchaunge of one thing for an other And because of the cruell coldnesse of the winter which lasteth continuallie they make them houses within the ground and dwell either in Caues or else in Sellars They goe in long side garmentes downe to the ground and are couered face all sauing onely their eies The Taurians who be chéefelie renowmed with the arriuall of Iphigenia and Orestes are horrible of conditions and haue a horrible report going of them namely that they are woont to murther straungers and to offer them vp in sacrifice
The third Chapter FRom hencefoorth to the Alpes Germanie is bounded on the West with the Rhyne on the South with the Alpes themselues on the East with the borders of the Nations of Sarmatia and on the North with the Occean Sea The Inhabitants are huge of body and hautie of minde and according to the sauadgenesse that is bredde in them doo inure both of them as well their mindes to battell as their bodies to the custome of paines taking In the greatest colde that is they goe naked tyll they growe to mans estate and childe-hood is verie long among them The men goe cloathed in Mandilions or in barkes of Trées and be the winter neuer so sharpe they not onelie can endure to swimme but also haue a delight in it They be at warre with their next borderers and they picke quarrelles to them of pleasure and not of desire to raigne or to inlarge the thinges which they possesse for they doo not greatlie manure the grounds which they haue but to make Countries about them waste Force is their Lawe insomuch that they be not ashamed euen of robberie and murther onely they be good to Straungers mercifull to suppliaunts They be so hard and carelesse of their fare that they féede euen vpon rawe fleshe either new killed or softened by kneading it with their handes and féete in the skinnes of the Cattell and wilde Beastes themselues after it is stiffe for colde The Land is troublesome with the multitudes of Riuers combersome with the multitude of Mountaines and for a great parte vntrauelable for Wooddes Fennes and Marishes Of Fennes and Marishes the greatest are Suâ—cia Mesia and Melsiagum Of Wooddes the greatest is Hercynia There are some other also that beare name but as Hercynia is the greatest for it is thrée score dayes iourney ouer so is it also the best knowne The highest of the Mountaines are Taurus and Rhetico sauing those which it is scarcelie possible for the tongue of a Romane to vtter The notablest Riuers of them that runne foorth into other Nations are Danubius and Rhodanus of them that runne into the Rhyne Maenus and Lupia of them that fall into the Occean Amisius Visurgis and Albis Uppon the Riuer Albis is the great gulfe called Codanus full of Ilandes both great and small The sharpe Sea which is receyued into the bosome of those shores dooth no where beare any great breadth nor any likenesse of a Sea but is shed out wanderinglie and dispearsedlie after the likenesse of Riuers by waters that runne into it and oftentimes runne cleane through it Where it beateth vpon the shores it is hemmed in with the bankes of Ilands not farre distant asunder so as it is euerie where almost of a lyke scantling narrowe and resembling an arme of the Sea bowing and bending from place to place with a long brew In it are the Cimbrians and Theutons and beyond them the Hermions which are the vttermost people of Germanie Of Sarmatia The fourth Chapter SArmatia being broader innermore then at the Seas side is deuided from the former CouÌ„tries by the riuer Visula from whence it extendeth backe to the riuer Ister The people in their behauiour and Armour resemble much the Parthians But as their Countrie is of sharper ayre so be they of fiercer disposition They abide not in Citties no nor in any certaine dwelling places but as pasturage prouoketh them or as the enimie fléeing or pursuing giueth them cause so doo they euer conuey their goodes and Cattell with them dwelling alwayes in Tents lyke warriers frée vnbridled and so vnmeasurablie fierce and cruell that euen their women goe to battell with the men to the intent they may be the fitter for the purpose as soone as they be borne their right pappes are seared that the hand which is to be put foorth to seruice maye be the more at libertie to strike and their breast become the more manlike To bend a bowe to hunt and to ride are the tasks of Maidens To encounter the enimie is the wages of women growen insomuch that not to haue stricken an enimie is counted a heinous crime and for their punishment they be enioyned to liue Maidens still Of Scithia The fift Chapter FRom thence-foorth the Sea coastes of Asia sauing where the snowe lyeth continuallie and where the colde is intollerable are inhabited by the Nations of Scithia called almost all by one name vniuersallie Sages The first vpon the Sea coast of Asia be the Hyperboreans furthest North beyond the Riphoean mountaines vnder the verie North-pole in which Countrie the Sunne dooth not rise and set daylie as it dooth with vs but it ryseth in the Lenton equinoctiall and setteth not againe tyll the Haruest equinoctiall by reason whereof it is daye by the space of sixe whole monethes together and likewise night by the space of other sixe monethes The Land is narrowe open to the Sunne fruitfull the Inhabiters are most vpright dealers and liue both longer more happilie than other men For they enioying alwaies feastfull peace can no skill of warre nor of quarelling but doo buste themselues about matters of Religion specially coÌ„cerning Apollo the first fruites whereof they be reported to haue sent to Delos at the first by certaine Uirgins of theirs and afterward by their neighbour Nations deliuering them from one to an other styll further further which custome they kept long time vntill at length it was restrained through default of those Nations Their dwelling is in Woods and Forrests and when suffizance or rather wearines of life commeth vpon them then decking themselues with garlands they throwe themselues chéerfully headlong into the Sea from a certaine rocke which vnto them is the honourablest buriall that can be The Caspian Sea breaketh into the maine Land at the first with a narrowe and long gutte like a riuer and when it is flowne in after that manner in a streight channell it sheadeth abroade into thrée Bayes namelie into the Hircanian directlie against the mouth into the Scithian on thâ— left hand and on the right hand into that which peculiarlie and by the name of the whole is called the Caspian Baye It is altogether rough cruell harborlesse open on all sides to winde and weather and more replenished with noysome Beastes then other Seas are and therefore lesss nauigable At the right hand as ye enter in the Scithians syr named Nomades possesse the Sea shores Within it to the Caspian Bay are the Caspians the Amazons otherwise called Sauromats At the HircaniaÌ„ Bay be the Abanes Mosks and Hircanians At the Scithian Bay be the Amards Pesiks and at the enteraunce it selfe the Derbiks Many Riuers both great and small do run into that coast but the famousest is Araxes which springing out of the side of MouÌ„t Taurus commeth downe from the Thunder-hilles in one channell and issueth out into the Caspian in two So long as he cutteth through the féelds of
Armenia he glideth calme and styll so as although ye looke neuer so wistlie vppon him ye cannot discerne which way he â—unneth But when he commeth downe into the rougher places then being pinched in on either side with Rockes and the more he is pent becomming the more swift he breaketh himselfe against the stones that lye vp in his way and by reason thereof tumbleth downe with great flushing and noyse so swiftlie that by reason of his forcible fall he slyppeth not plum downe to the ground vnderneath him but spowteth a farre of without any channell carrying his waters aloft more then the space of an acre and bearing himselfe vp in a hanging streame without channell at length commeth bowing downe againe like a bowe and becomming calme againe passing on quietlie and scarse mouing from thence into the foresaide Bay Cyrus Cambises springing out of the foot of the next hil which is called Coraxus run two sundrie waies passing on a great while through Iberia and Hyrcania in channels farre distaunt afterward being receyued into one Lake not farre from the Sea they runne out into the Hyrcanian Bay both at one mouth Iaxartes and Oxos passe into the Scithian Bay out of the Countries of the Sogdianes from the Desartes of Scithia Laxartes being great from his verie spring and Oxoâ— becomming greater by the falling of other Riuers into him who kéeping his course a whyle from the East into the West turneth aside first among the Dahanes and taking his course into the North openeth his mouth betwéene the Amards and Pesikes The Forrests of Hyrcanie bring foorth other ouglie beastes but speciallie the Tiger a cruell kinde of wilde beast and so swift that they be woont euen with ease to ouertake a horse man that is gone away vpon the spurre and that not once or twise but diuers times after they haue gone backe againe to the place they came out from The cause héereof is that when the horse men hauing caught vp a whelpe of theirs makes haste to carrie it away and to eschewe the furie of them when they come néere dooth of pollicie laye downe one of many that he had taken away the damme catching vp the whelpe that was cast downe carries it home to her kennel and comming backe againe dooth the lyke oftentimes vntyl the robber haue escaped by flight into places of more resort then the Tygers dare aduenture into What was beyond the Caspian Bay was a long time doubtfull namelie whether the foresaide Occean or whether some Land incombred withâ—â—â— cold hauing neyther bound nor end were cast out beyond it But besides Homer and the naturall Philosophers who haue affirmed the whole world to be becléeped with the Sea Cornelius Nepos though later in time yet certainer of credite reporteth the same And for witnes thereof he sciteth Quintus Metellus the Swift declaring that he made such a report as this namelie that when he had the gouernemeÌ„t of the Galliaze as Proconful there the King of the Sweuians sent him certaine Indians for a present and that when he asked by what means they came into those Countries he vnderstood that they were brought away by force of tempest from the sea coast of India and that hauing passed ouer the space that is betwixt that Sweueland at length they arriued vpon the coast of Germanie Now therefore remaineth the maine Sea but the residue of that side is frozen with continuall frost and therefore is vninhabited The Ilandes of Spaine and of the North-partes The sixt Chapter AGainst the sayde Coastes which I haue glaunced at from the angle of Boetica hitherto there lye many vnrenowmed yea and also namelesse Iles. But of those which I am loth to ouerpasse Gades butteth vpon the dery Streightes and being cutte off from the verie firme Land by a narrowe space and as it were but by a Riuer carrieth almost a direct shore where it is néerest the maine Land Where it faceth the Occean there bolting out with two heads into the déepe it shrinketh in his mid-shore in one of the which it beareth a wealthie Cittie of the same name and in the other a Temple of the Egiptian Hercules noble for the builders for the Religion for the Antiquitie and for the ritches thereof The builders thereof were the Tyrians the holinesse of it groweth of the bones of him that lyes buried there as for the yéeres what a number is there of them The beginning of them comes from the times of Troy and continuaunce of time hath nourished the wealth Against Lusitania is Erythia where we reade that Geryon dwelt and other Iles without peculiar names so fruitfull of soyle that when Corne is once sowen the séede that sheadeth as they fell the harnest springeth vp againe from time to time and yéeldeth at the least seuen croppes one after an other and sometimes mo On the Celtishe coast are some which because they abound with Leade and Tinne are called all by one name Cassiterides Sena being scituate in the Britishe Sea against the countrie of the Osismydes is renowmed with the Oracle of the God of the Galles whose Uowes in number nine are hallowed to continuall Uirginitie They call them Gallicens and are of opinion that through the singular wisdome wherewith they are endued they rayse the seas and winds with their charmes and transforme themselues into what Beastes they will and heale such diseases as to others are incurable and knowe thinges to come and prophesie of them but not vnto any other then such as sayle thither for the nonce and come of set purpose to demaund 〈◊〉 counsell of them What manner of thing Brittaine is and what manner of folke it bréedeth we shall shortlie be able to make more tried report For beholde our most puissaunt Prince is now disclosing of it which hath so long béene shutte vp and as a conquerour not onelie of vnsubdued but also of vnknowne Nations before his time his bringing home the certeintie of his owne exploytes to be declared and published in Triumph in lyke sort as he endeuored to come to them by Battell Howbeit as we haue hitherto heard of it shooting betwéene the North and the West it faceth the mouth of Rhyne with a great Angle and then withdrwing his shoring sides butteth with the one of them vpon Fraunce and with the other vpon Germanie Afterwardes being pulled backe with a continuall banke of a direct shore it sharpeneth it selfe againe into diuers Angles and is thrée cornered verie like Sicilie plaine great and fruitfull howbeit of such thinges as are rather for the foode of Cattell than for the sustenaunce of men It beareth Wooddes Forrests and verie great Riuers which ebbe and flowe after the manner of the Sea whereof some bréede Pearles and precious Stones It beareth Nations and Kinges of Nations but they are all vnciuill and the further they be from the mayne Land somuch the more vnacquainted with the wealth of other Nations onely ritch of Cattel
fowles and many kindes of Serpents Of Serpents the worthiest to be had in remembraunce are those which béeing very little and whose stinginge is present death are reported to come foorth of the mudde of the frozen Fennes at a certaine time of the yéere and from thence flying in flockes toward Aegipt are in the enteraunce thereof incountered with another flocke of Birdes called Ibisles which fight with them and destroy them Of Birdes the worthiest to bée spoken of is the Phoenix which is euermore but one alone for it is not conceyued by treadinge or disclosed by hatching But when he hath continued the full time of fiue hundred yéeres hée brooth himselfe vppon a Neste that hée hath timbered of diuers spyces and there wasteth away Afterward growing againe of the matter of his rotting flesh hée conceiueth himselfe and bréedeth of himselfe againe When he commâ—th to be full fledge he carieth the bones of his olde body wrapped in mirre into Egipt and there in the Cittie which they call by the name of the Sunne he layeth them vpon a Herce of swéete smelling Nardus and consecrateth them with honourable Funeralles The Foreland wherewith that Sea is inclosed hath no waye to it from the Ceraunish Hilles Of Ethyope The tenth Chapter BEyond them dwell the Ethyopians The Meriones haue the Land which Nylus embraceth about in the first windlasse that he fetcheth where he maketh an Iland Some of them because they liue halfe as long againe almost as we doo are called Macrobians and some of them because they came out of Egipt are named Automales They are beautifull of personage streight bodied and somewhat more honourable of countenaunce then other men as the followers of most excellent vertues It is a custome among them to choose him that they will obey by his beautie and strength Among them is more Gold then among the Persians and therefore they count that to be the preciouser whereof they haue the lesse store They make their ornamentes of Brasse and their fetters for offenders of Golde There is a place continuallie furnished with meates readie dressed to eate and because euerie man may eate thereof at his pleasure they call it the Table of the Sunne and they affirme that such thinges as are set there in Messes doo come thither by the prouidence of God There is a Lake with the water whereof if men washe themselues their bodies become as crispe and shining as if they were annointed with Oyle Yet is the same droonke also and it is so shéere and so weake to beare vp thinges that fall into it or are borken into it that it is not able to beare vp the leaues that fall from the Trées about but that by and by they sincke down to the very bottome There are also most cruell beasts as Licaons spotted with all kinde of colours and Sphinxes in such sort as we haue read of them There are also wonderfull Birdes as Tragopomones which haue hornes and Pegasies which haue eares like horses But as men sayle along the coastes into the Eastward they méete with nothing worth remembraunce all is wast all is full of stéepe cliffes and there are rather bankes then shores From thence is a great Coast inhabited It was a doubtfull matter a good whyle whether there were a Sea beyond and whether the land might bee coasted about or whether Affricke béeing altogether voyd of fruite extended so farre as that there were none ende of it But Hanno of Carthage béeing sent by his countrimeÌ„ to search the coastes when he had passed out at the mouth of the Ocean saylinge about a great parte thereof reported that he wanted not Sea roome but victuall And in the time of our graundfathers one Eudoxus fléeing from Latirus King of Alexandria passed out of the gulfe of Arabia and as Nepos affirmeth was brought by this Sea euen vnto the Gads by meanes whereof some thinges of that coast are come to knowledge Beyond those places which wée sayd euen now to bée desert there are dumbe people which vse signes in stéede of spéeche Some haue no sound of tongue some haue no tongue at al some haue their lippes growing together sauing that they haue little rounde pipeholes in their Nosethrilles at which they sucke in drinke and when they haue list to eate they are reported to drawe in one graine of Corne at once which groweth euery where There are people towhom before y e comming of Eudoxus fire was so vnknowne that they were wonderfully delighted with the vse thereof and gladly embraced the flames and put burning coales in their bosomes vntill such time as they felt it hurt them Aboue them the shore fetching a great compasse encloseth a great Ile wherein are reported to bée none but women heary ouer al their bodies which of their owne nature beare children without the companie of men and they bée of so fâ—erce and boystous kind that some of them can scarce be restrained from strugling no not euen with chaines This report was made by Hanno and because he brought home the skinnes of some that hée had killed hée was the beter beléeued Beyond this gulfe is a highe Hill called of the Gréekes Gods Chariot which burneth with continuall fire Beyond this mountaine is another Hill with a long ridge fresh and gréene lying all along the Sea side from whence is a prospect into a Champion Countrie of much more widenesse then that a man may sée to the ende of it The opinion of the Pannes and Satires tooke credit herevppon for that whereas in this quarters there is nothing tilled or husbanded no place for men to dwell in nor print of mans foote but a day times waste solitarinesse and therewithall more waste silence in the night time there appearâ— many blasing â—ires and as it were Campes pitched farre abrod with noise of Trumpets and Dromes and Shalmes which are heard much lowder then those that men vse Then againe are the Aethiopians not ritch as those wée spake of heretofore nor like them in bodies but lesser vnnurtured and called by the name of Westerne Aethiopians In the Countrie of these men is a fountaine supposed of some to bée the head of Nile The inhabiters call it Muchull and it may séeme to bee all one name with Nilus though more corruptly pronounced of the barbarous pople It nourisheth a Riuer also which breedeth the same kindes of beastes that Nile dooth though somewhat lesser whereas all other runne toward the Ocean this onely Riuer goeth into the hart of the land toward the East and no man can say where his issue is Herevpon it is coniectâ—red that Nilus béeing conceiued in this spring and caried foorth a while through wailessâ— places and therefore vnknowne where he becommeth sheweth himselfe againe when he hath procéeded into the East but by meanes of béeing hidden so longe it comes to passe that men thinke that this
fountaine runneth to some other place then to Nile and that Nile springeth from some other head then from this fountaine Among them is bred a beast of no great bignesse but hauing a great and ouergreat béetle head and therefore hanging his muzell for the most part alwayes downeward to the ground called a Catoblepe worthie to be intreated of for his singular power For whereas by stinging or bitinge hee is able to doo no harme at all yet to behold his eyes is present death Ouer against them are the Iles Gorgones sometime by report the dwelling place of the Gorgones The maine land it selfe taketh his ende at a promontorie called Hesperionkeras The coast and Ilandes of the Athlantishe Ocean The eleuenth Chapter FRom thence beginneth that same front which shoreth toward the West and is beaten vppon with the Athlantish Ocean The first part thereof is inhabited by the Aethiopians the middle by no body for either the Countries are burnt vp with heate or ouerwhelmed with sande or annoyed with Serpentes Against the scorched Countries lie the Ilandes where the Hesperides are reporto haue dwelled In the sandy Countries is a Hill rysing very highe of it selfe which is stéepe downe on all sides with ragged cliffes not possible to bée traueled ouer and taper-shapeÌ„ vp to the toppe The which because it reacheth higher then a man can sée euen vnto the cloudes it is sayd not onely to touch the Skye and the Starres with his top ⧠A Table containing the Contentes of this Booke The first Booke THe deuision of the world into fowre partes Cap. 1 fol â— A breefe description of Asia Cap. 2. fo 4 A breefe description of Europe Cap 3 fol 6. A breefe description of Affricke Cap. 4. fol. 7. A particular discription of Affricke Of Mauritania Cap 5 fol 9 Of Numidia Cap 6 fol 10 The lesser Affricke Cap 7 fol 11 Of Cirenaiâ—a Cap 8 fol 13 A particular description of Asia Of Egipt Cap 9 fol 16 Of Arabia Cap 10 fol 20 Of Siria Cap 11 fol 20 Of Phoenicia Cap 12 fol 21 Of Cilicia Cap 13 fol 22 Of Pamphilia Cap 14 fol 24 Of Lycia Cap 15 fol 25 Of Caria Cap 16 fol 25 Of Ionia Cap. 17 fol 26 Of Aâ—olis Cap 18 fol 28 Of Bithynia Cap 19 fol 30 Of Paphlagonia Cap 20 fol 3â— Of the Chalybies Cap 21 fol 32 The second Booke Of Scithia of Europe Cap 1 fol 35 Of Thrace Cap 2 fol 40 Of Macedonia Cap 3 fol 44 Of Italie Cap 4 fol 50 Of the Prouince of Narbon Cap 5 fol 53 Of Spaine Cap 6. fol 56 The Iles of the mid-land Sea Cap 7 fol 58 The third Booke The vttermost shores of Spaine Cap 1 fol 65 The vttermost coastes of Galliaâ— Cap 2 fol 69 Of Germanie Cap 3 fol 72 Of Sarmatia Cap 4 fol 73 Of Scithia Cap 5 fol 74 The Ilandes of Spaine and of the North-partes Cap 6 fol. 77 Of India Cap 7. fol 81 Of the Persian gulfe Cap. 8. fol. 85 The gulfe of Arabia Cap. 9. fol. 87 Of Ethiope Cap. 10 fol. 88 The coast and Ilandes of the Athlantish Oceâ—n Cap. 11. fol. 9â— FINIS The mydland Sea entring out of the West Occean at the Streightes of Marocke * Now called S. Georges arme * The Sea of Constantinople * The Streight of CoÌ„staÌ„tinople * The great Sea * The Streight of Caffa * The Sea of Zabacca * Nowe called Don. * Nowe called Don. * Of Thrace The fuâ—thest people of Asia Eastward The Setes The Indians and Scithians The sâ—â—tuation India The scituation of Scitâ—â—ia The description of the South Countries of Asia The North coast of Asia The myddle Countries of Asia * Now called Moscouites * That is to say Syrians * Of Arabia The Countries of Asia lying vpon our mydland Sea * Otherwise called Sarmatians Of Marocke The names of the midland sea Scithia in Europe nowe containing Moscouia Latuania Polonia Russia c. Macedonia and Thrace Greece * Europe * That is to saye the Tusoan or Tyrrhene Sea Affricke which is also called Lybia Cyrene Woodwardes or Wyldemen * The Vineyard The Sheeld of Antaeus the Giant The pyllers of Herâ—ules Cirta * Heerof the prouince Caesarieâ—sis tooke his name Straunge thinges in the inner partes of Numidia Vtica and Carthage * Or Whashe The lesser Syrt or short Whashe The Poole and riuer Triton The greater Syrt or Whash Loteaters The notable zeale of the Philens toward their Countrie A wonderfull Hyll A wonderfull Well 〈…〉 The manners apparell and diet of the people on the Sea coast of Affricke The manners of the vplandishe folke of Affricke The manners of the Athlantes The manners of the Troglodites Of the Garamantes The Awgyles The Gamphasantes The Blemmyes Satyres or Woodwardes * Panes or Gotefeete * That is to say of the mid-land â—ea Of Nilus the great ryuer of Egipt * That is our mid-land Sea Water-horsses and Crocodiles Opinions of the flowing of Nâ—le Woonders of Egipt A swimming Ile High Bridges A Feeld turned into a Lake A Maze The manners of the Egiptians The superstition of the Egiptians The vaine assertion of antiquitie among the Egiptians The largenesse of the kingdome of Egipt in olde tyme. Alexandria * That is before the breake of day The names or diuisions of Syria The prayse of Semyramis Why Gaza was so named Ascalon * Now called Port laâ—â—e The first inuenters of Letters and of other thinges Tyre Sidon * It may be interpreted fayre prospect Tripolis Tripolia Syria of Antioche The Baye of Issos The Tombe of the Poet Aratus The Caue of Corycus Typhos caue Melas Eurymedon * A sluce or flood-gate The description of mount Taurus The sundrie names of mount Taurus Lymira Halycarnassus A notable Tombe Artemisia The Oracle of Branchide Ephesus Cayster The Countrie about Troy Cyme a Captain of the Amazons Archesilas the Philosopher Why Anâ—andros was so named The Countrie about Troy * Called also Panthus Mount Ida and of the rysing of the Sunne there The Tombe of Aiax the sonne of Telamon * He meaneth of Leander and Hero The riuer Granicke Olympus of Mysia Woonderfull Snakes * This Towne is ouer against Canstantinople * Or a Turkiâ— bowe * Harbroughles * Harborous Heraclea Cerberus Doggish Diogenes The manners of the Mossynaekes * Trebizond Colchos The Ceraunishe Hylles and the names of the same * They maye be called the Thunder-hylles * It may be interpreted Swanton * Blacke Cotes Dioscurias The manners of the IaxamathiaÌ„s The head of the riuer Tanaiâ— The Turkes The country and manners of the Arymphaeans Of the Griffons Arimaspians Bâ—ges Agathyrsies * Which may be interpreted Cart-wonners * Mayden-hyll Georgians of Europe The ryuer Borysthenes The riuer Hypanis and the nature thereof The riuer Ister called also Danow The cruel mannâ—rs of sundrie Nations by the riuer Danow The Essedones The Agathirsies The Sarmates The Taurians The Basilides The Nomades or Graziers The
almost as streight out as if it were drawne by a lyne sauing onelie in one or two places where it retyreth a great waie in The Sea which it receiueth in the first Baie is called Aegaean that which followeth in the next is in the mouth of it called Ionishe and innermore Adriatishe that which is receyued in the last Baye we call Tuscan and the Greekes Tyrrhene Of Nations the first is Scithia an other Countrie that we spake of before extending from Tanais well neere to the one halfe of the side of Pontus From hence into a part of the Aegaean coast lyeth ioyntlie the maine lande of Macedonia and Thrace Then bolteth out Greece and deuideth the Aegaean Sea from the Ionishe Sea All along the side of the Adriatishe Sea lyeth Ilirike Betwéene the saide Adriatishe Sea and the Tuscan Sea runneth foorth Italie In the innermost part of the Tuscan Sea is Fraunce and beyond that is Spaine These lye from the East to the West vppon the South It faceth the North also with diuers fronts For on that side is Fraunce againe extending all the way from our Sea thither From thence stretcheth Germany to the Sarmatians and they againe to Asia Thus much as concerning Europe A breefe description of Affricke The fourth Chapter AFfricke is bounded on the East part with the riuer Nile and on the other partes with the Sea It is shorter then Europe in asmuch as it extendeth any where against the seacostes of Asia nor lyeth side for side against the sea coastes of Europe Neuerthelesse it is more in length then in breadth and it is broadest where it boundeth on the Riuer And as it procéedoth from thence so rysing higher and higher with mountaines speciallie in the middle it bendeth askew toward the West and gathereth softlie into a ridge and therefore in continuaunce groweth somewhat narrower where it endeth there is it narrowest As much of it as is inhabited is excéeding fruitfull But for as much as most places of it are vnmanured and eyther couered with barreine sandes or left vntylled by reason of the drought of the ayre and the soyle or else with many kindes of beasts it is rather waste then well peopled The Sea wherewith it is inclosed on the North we call Lybikâ—â— on the South Ethyopish and on the West Athlantish On that side that butteth vpon the Lybike Sea next vnto Nyle is the Prouince which they call Cyrene Then followeth Affricke whereof the whole Countrie taketh his name The rest is possessed of the Numidians and Moores of whome the Moores extend to the Athlantish Occean Beyond are the Nigrites and Pharusians vnto Ethyope The Ethyopians possesse both the rest héereof and all that side which faceth the South euen vnto the borders of Asia But aboue those places that are beaten vpon wth the Lybike Sea are the Lybiaegyptians and the white Ethyopians and the populous and manifolde Nation of the Getulians From thence lyeth a great wide Countrie together all vtterlie waste and vnhabited Then the first that we heare of Eastward are the Garamantes and next them the Awgyles and Troglodikes and lastlie toward the West the Athlantâ— Innermost if ye lyst to beléeue it the Egypanes Blemyans Gamphasants and Satyres scarce men but rather halfe Beastes wandring vp and downe without house or home rather haue the Landes then inhabite them This is the vniuersall platte of the World these are the great partes these are the fashions and the Nations of the partes Now that I must speake of the boundes and borders of them seuerally it is most handsome to begin where our Sea entreth first into the maine Landes and specially at those Countries that lye on the right hand as it coÌ„meth in and so to scoure the Sea coast in order as it lyeth and when I haue perused all thinges that butte vpon the Sea then also to cast about those quarters that are enuironed with the Occean vntyll that hauing trauailed about the world as well within as without the race of my attempted worke returne to the place where it began A particular description of Affricke Of Mauritania The fift Chapter IT is saide before that it is the Athlantishe Occean which toucheth the maine lande on the West From hence as men sayle into our Sea Spaine is on the lefte hand and Mauritania on the right These are the first parts the one of Europe the other of Affricke The end of the coast of Mauritania is Mulucha the head and beginning thereof is the Promontorie which the Gréekes call Ampelusia and the Afres by an other worde that hath the same meaning In the same is a caue hallowed to Hercules and beyond the Caue a very auncient Towne called Tingi builded as men saye by Antaeus And there remaineth a Monument of the thing namelie a huge Shield of the hide of an Elyphant vnable to be wéelded of any man now a dayes by reason of the greatnesse thereof which the dwellers thereabouts beléeue and report for a certaintie to haue béene carried by Antaeus and therefore they honour it as a Relicque Then is there a verie high Mountaine set directlie ouer against that which is in Spaine That in Spaine is named Abyla and the other is named Calpâ— and both of them bâ— called the Pillers of Hercules Uppon the naming of them so Fame hath forged a Fable that Hercules cutte a sunder those two hylles which erewhiles grewe whole together in one continuall ridge and by that meanes did let in the Occean which erst was shut out by the force of the Mountaines vnto the places which it now ouerfloweth From hence the Sea spreadeth wider and through his great violence eateth winding gulfes into the maine Landes which he disseuereth farre a sunder Howbeit the Realme is vnnoble and hath scarce any thing famous in it it is inhabited with small Uillages and fendeth foorth small brookes it is better of soile then of men altogether vnrenowmed by reason of the slouthfulnesse of the people Notwithstanding among the thinges that I maye vouchsafe to report are certaine high Mountaines which being set on a rowe one by an other as it were for the nonce are by reason of their number and likenesse one to an other called the seuen brethren There is also the riuer Tamuada and Rusicada and Siga lyttle Citties and a Hauen which for the largenesse thereof is syr named the great Hauen The foresaide riuer Mulucha is the bound of the Kingdomes of Bocchus and Iugurth which were puissaunt Realmes in olde time Of Numidia The sixth Chapter FRom the saide riuer Mulucha to the banke of the riuer Ampsaga lyeth Numidia not so large a Country as Mauritania but better peopled and wealthier Of the Citties which are in it the greatest are Cirta farre from the Sea now inhabited by the Sittians and in times past the Pallace of King Iuba and King Syphax when it was in greatest wealth Iol sometime verie
why stones that are cast into it doo leape about Not farre from hence is the Towne Corycos enuironed with a Hauen and the salt water and ioyned with a narrowe balke to the firme Land Aboue it is a Caue named Corycus of singular nature and farre more excellent then may with ease be described For gaping with a wide mouth euen immediatlie from the toppe it openeth the Mountaine butting vpon the Sea which is of a great height as it were of a ten furlonges Then going déepe downe and the furder downe the larger it is gréene round about with budding Trées casteth it selfe into a round vaulte on both sides full of wooddes so meruailous and beautifull that at the first it amazeth the minds of them that come in to it yet maketh them thinke they haue neuer séene inough of it There is but one going downe into it narrow and rough of a mile a halfe long by pleasaunt shadowes and couerts of wooddes yéelding a certaine rude noyse with riuers trickling on either hand When ye come to the bottome there againe openeth an other Caue woorthy to be spoken of for other things It maketh the enterers into it afraide with the din of Timbrels which make a gastly and great ratling within Afterward being a whyle lightsome anon the further ye go wexing darker it leadeth such as dare aduenture quite out of sight carrieth them déepe as it were in a Mine where a mightie riuer rysing with a great brest dooth but onelie shew it selfe and when it hath gushed violentlie a while in a short chanell sinketh downe againe and is no more séene Within is a waste space more horrible then that any man dare pearce into it and therefore it is vnknowne It is altogether statelie and vndoubtedlie holie and both woorthy and also beléeued to be inhabited of Goddes Euery thing presenteth a statelynesse and setteth out it selfe with a certaine Maiestie There is an other beyond which they call Typhos caue with a narrow mouth and as they that haue tried it doo report verie lowe and therefore dimmed with continuall darknesse and not easie to be sought out howbeit because it was sometime the chamber of the Giant Typho an because it nowe out of hand stifleth such thinges as are let downe into it it is woorthy to be mencioned for the nature thereof and for the tale that is reported of it Beyond that are two Forâ—landes that is to say Sarpedon sometime the bound of King Sarpedons Realme and Anemurium which parteth Cilicia from Pamphilia and betwéene them Celendris and Natidos Towns builded and peopled by the Samians whereof Celendris is néerer to Sarpedon Of Pamphilia The foureteenth Chapter IN Pamphilia is a Riuer able to beare Shippes called Melas a Towne called Sida and an other Riuer called Eurimedon At this Riuer Cymo Captaine of the Athenians gat a great victorie of the Persians and Phaenicians in a battell vpon the water Into the Sea where this battell was fought out of a verie high hyll looketh the Towne of Aspendos which was builded by the Argiues and inhabited by the people of the Countrie about it Then are there two other mightie streames called Oestros and Cataractes Oestros is easie to be sayled the other hath his name of his headlong fall Betwéene them is the Towne Perga and the Temple of Diana which of the Towne is syr named Pergaea Beyond them is Mount Sardeâ—isos and Phaselis a Towne builded by Mopsus which is the end of Pamphilia Of Lycia The fifteenth Chapter SVccessiuelie Lycia so called of Lycus the sonne of King Pandion as report goeth annoyed in olde time with the fires of Chimaera encloseth a great Bay betwéene the Hauen of Sida and the Foreland of Taurus Mount Taurus it selfe rising of a huge height at the Easterne sea shore procéedeth streight foorth in one continuall ridge from thence into y â— West with his right side toward the North and his left side toward the South bouÌ„ding many great Nations where he runneth out in bankes and where he deuideth the Countries he passeth to the Sea As Taurus is the generall name of him whole together so is it also his name where he faceth the East next he is called Haemodes and Caucasus and â—aropamisus then Caspian Streights Niphates and the Streights of Armenia and where he butteth vpon our Sea Taurus againe Behind his saide Foreland is the riuer Lymira and a Cittie of the same name and a number of Towns of no great renowme sauing Patara which is ennobled by the Temple of Apollo sometime like to that at Delphos as well in ritches as also for the truenesse of the Oracle Beyond is the riuer Panthus and the Towne Panthos the Mountaine Crag and the Cittie Telmisos which endeth Lycia Of Caria The sixteenth Chapter AFterward followeth Caria inhabited with people of an vnknowne beginning some thinke them to be bred in the Land some thinke they were Pelasgians othersome thinke they were Candians a kinde of people louing feates of Armes and fighting so well that for wages they serued also in forreine and strange warres Héere are a fewe Castles and then the two Forelandes of Pedalion and Crya and by the Riuer Calbis syde the Towne of Caunus diffamed for the â—â—â—â—thinesse of the inhabiters From thence to Halycarnassus lye these thinges certaine Townes of the Rhodians two Hauens the one named Gelos and the other Thissamissa according to the name of the Cittie that it enuironeth Betwéene them is the Towne of Larumna and the Hyll Pandion shooting into the Sea The thrée Bayes on a rowe Thymnias Schaenus and Bubessus The Foreland of Thymnias is Aphrodisium Schaenus enuironeth Hylas and Bubessus compasseth about Cynotus Guidus standeth in an angle of a péece of ground enclosed almost altogether with the Sea betwéene it and the gulfe of Ceranie in the retreit of Euthana is Halycarnassus a Towne inhabited by the Argiues woorthy to be had in remembraunce not onelie for the founders thereof but also for the Tombe of King Maâ—solus which is one of the seuen woonders of the world and was builded by Artemisâ—a Beyond Halycarnassus are these thinges the shore of Leuca the Citties Myndus Aryanda and Naples and the Bayes of Iasius and Basilicus In Iasius is the towne of Bargylos Of Ionia The seuenteene Chapter BEyond the Bay of Basilicus Ionia winâ—â—deth it selfe in certaine Angles and first of all beginning to fetch about the Foreland of Possideum it enuironeth the Oracle of Apollo called in olde time the Oracle of Branchide and now the Oracle of Didymus The Cittie Miletus sometime the chéefe of all Ionia both in feates of warre and peace the Countrie of Thales the Astrologer and of Tymothie the Musician and of Anaâ—â—mander the naturall Philosopher and woorthelie renowmed â—or the excellent wittes of others that were borne there is aâ—ter a manner called Ionia There is also the Cittie
out at into Pontus and the Bosphor of Thrace as is aforesaide disseuereth Europe fiue furlonges from Asia In the verie mouth of the Streightes is a Temple and a Towne called Chalcedon The founder of the towne was Argias Prince of the Megarians the Idoll of the Temple is Iupiter and the builder thereof was Iason Héere the Sea spreadeth it selfe wide sauing where the Forelandes be stretching out on both sides with a long and direct shore and then foorth bending inward But because it extendeth not so much foreward it wideneth on both handes the bowing inward of it with smooth points vntyll it growe to a narrowe issue on both sides is as lyke as can be to a Scythish bowe It is short rough mistie fewe harboroughes in it not inclosed with softe and sandie shores bleake vppon the North winde and because it is not déepe full of waues and euer raging in olde time called Axenus of the nature and disposition of the dwellers about it which was verie cruell and afterward as their manners began somewhat to amend and wexe milder through hauing traffique with other Nations it was called Euxinus First of all the Mariandines inhabite a Cittie there giuen them by Hercules of Argos as the report goeth which is called Heraclea and therefore made the report to haue so much the more likelihood of trueth By the same is the Caue Acherusia that leadeth as they saye to hell and it is supposed that Cerbeâ—us was drawne out thereat Of Paphlagonia The twentie Chapter THen foloweth the Towne of Tios sometime inhabited by the Milesians but nowe altogether Paphlagonish as wel the people as the soyle in the midde shore whereof almost is the foreland Cerambis on the hyther side whereof is the riuer Parthenie and the Citties Sesamus and Cromna and Cytoros builded by Cytorus the sonne of Phrixus Then followeth Cimolis and Armine which endeth Paphlagonia Of the Chalybies The xxi Chapter THe Chalybies who were next neighbors to Paphlagonia haue two right famous Citties Amysos and Synope the place where the doggishe Diogenes was borne and the Riuers of Halys and Thermodon By Halys is the Cittie Lycast and along by Thermodon is a plaine wherein was the Towne Themyseyre and the campe of the Amazons and therfore they call it Amazonia Upon the Chalybies doo border the Taberenes whose chéefe felicitie is in laughing and playing Beyond Cerambis dwell the Mossynaekes in Towers of timber printing all their bodies with markes eating their meate abroade and companying with their women in common They choose their King openlie by voices and kéepe him most streightlie in prison and gyues and if he offend in misgouernement they make him fast all a whole day for his penaunce But they are churlish vnmannerlie and verie hurtfull to such as arriue among them Furtherfoorth are people lesse sauadge but they also are vnmannerlie and vnciuill as wel as the other which are called Longpaâ—es Dischers and Buxers and a fewe Citties whereof the notablest are Cerasus and Trapaesus From thence is a place where the Coast that is drawne along from the Bosphor taketh his end and so foorth bowing himselfe forward in the bosome of the shore ouer against it maketh the narrowest angle of Pontus Héere are the Colchians from hence issueth Phasis Héere is a Towne of the same name that the Riuer is of builded by Athenistagoras a Milesian Héere is the Temple of Phryxus and a wood famous for the old Fable of the golden fléece From hence rise certaine Mountaines which stretch out with a long ridge vntyll they ioyne with the Ryphaean Hilles which running with the one end toward Euxinus Maeotis and Tanais and with the other of the Caspian Sea are called Ceraunii The same are called by sundrie other names as Taurish Moschian Amazonish Caspian Coraxincian and Caucasean according to the sundrie Nations that border vpon it But in the first turning of the winding shore there is a Towne which the Merchauntes of Greece are reported to haue builded and because when they were tossed with a darke tempest knew not what Land it was the crowing of a Swan gaue them knowledge they called it Cygnus The residue of it along the waste Sea is inhabited by cruell and vnciuill Nations called Melanchâ—laenes The vpland Countrie is inhabited by the Sepolites Coraxes Phthirophagies Eniochyes Achaeans and Cercetikes and in the borders of Maeotis dwell the Syndones In the marthes of the Eniochyes is Dioscurias builded by Castor and Pollux when he entred the Sea with Iason and Syndos in the marches of the Syndones builded by the inhabiters of that Land Then the Country writhing aside and spreading somewhat in breadth shooteth foorth betwéene Pontus and Maeotis to the Bosphor which ruÌ„ning with two channelles into the Lake and the Sea maketh Corocondama almost an Iland There are fowre Citties Hermonassa Cepoe Phanagoria and in the verie mouth Cimmerium When men are entred heere the large and wide Lake receiueth them which where it toucheth the firme land is enclosed with a bending shore and where it is néerer the Sea being as it were ouer-dréeped with a banke sauing where the mouth of it is it is almost like vnto Pontus but that it is not so bigge The coast which bendeth from the Bosphor vnto Tanais is inhabited by the Toreates the Arichies the Phicors and next of all to the mouth of the riuer by the Iaxamathians which Nations are called by one generall name Maeotians Among the Iaxamathians the women exercise the same feates that the men doo insomuch that they be not priueledged from the warres The men fight a foote with arrowes and the women fight on horsebacke Neither encounter they with weapons but such as they can snare with ropes they strangle with drawing them after them They marrie howbeit to the intent they may be counted marriageable the matter consisteth not in their yéeres for they abide vnmaried vntyll they haue killed an enimie The Riuer Tanais being sheaded out of the Mountaine Ryphey falleth so headlong that when all the streames néere abouts yea and Maeotis the Bosphor and some part also of Pontus are frosen with the winters cold he onely bearing sommer and winter a like runneth alwaies at one staye both full and swift The banks therof and the Countries adioyning to the bankes are inhabited by the Sauromats which is one nation of diuers peoples and diuersely named First are the Maeotians called the Women-seruers the Kingdome of the Amazons The Budines possesse the fatte pasture grounds which otherwise are but barreine and naked féeldes The Gelones inhabite a Cittie built of Timber Hard by them the Thyrssageâ—s and Turkes hold the waste Forrests and liue by hunting From thence foorth to the Arymphaeans lyeth a large Countrie rough with continuall hilles and altogether Desart These Arymphaeans liue most vprightlie In stéede of houses they haunt woods Their foode
as they began howbeit verie great they become a Nesse which is called Peloponesus which by reason of the Bayes and Forelandes wherewith the shores thereof are fretted as it were with lyttle veines and therewithall because it spreadeth out a toside with a slender stalke is verie like the leafe of Plane trée In Macedonia the first Countrie is Thessalye the next Magnesia and then Phthiotis In Greece are the Countries of Doris Locris Phocis Beotis Attis and Megaris but the most renowmed of them all is Attis In Peloponesus are Argolis Laconice Messenia Achaiâ— Elis Arcadia and beyond it are Aetolia Acarnania and Epyrus vnto the Adriatish Sea Of the places and Citties scituate in the maine Lande these are the woorthiest to be touched In Thessaly Larissa sometime called Iolâ—os in Magnesia Antronia in Phthiotis Phthia in Doris the Cittie Pindus and harde thereby the Cittie Erineon in Loâ—ris Cynos and Calliaros in Phocis Delphos and Mount Parnasus and the Temple and Oracle of Apollo in Baeotia Thebes and Mount Cytheron most renowmed in Fables and Poetry In Attis Eleusis hallowed vnto Ceres and the noble Cittie of Athens more famous of it selfe then it néede to be set out in Megaris Megara whereof the Countrie hath his name in Argolis Argos and Mycene and the Temple of Iuno verie famous for the auncientnesse and Religion thereof in Laconâ—ce Therapne and Lacedemon and Amyâ—le and Mount â—aygetus in Meslenia Messene and Methone in Achaia and in Elis sometime Pises the Pallace of Oenomaus and Elie and the Idoll and Temple of Iupiter of Olympus renowmed for the gaming of exercise and for the singular holinesse but most of all for the Image it selfe which is the worke of Phiâ—â—dias Arcadie is enuironed round about with the Nations of Peloponesus In it are the Citties Psophis Tenea and Orchomenon the Mountaines Pholoe Cyllenius Parthenius and Maenalus and the Riuers Erymanthus and Ladon In Aetolia is Naupactus in Acarnania Stratos in Epyre the Temple of Iupiter of Dodon and a Well which in this consideration is counted holy for that whereas it is colde and quencheth sirebrandes that are put into it as other waters doo If ye holde brandes without fire a good waie off from it it kindleth them But when men scoure the Sea coast theyr waie is to sayle from the Foreland of Sepias by Demetrias and Boion and Phtheleon and Echinon to the Baye of Pagasa which imbracing the Cittie Pagasa receyueth the Riuer Sperchâ—us and because the Minyes when they made their voyage into Colchos launched foorth there with their Argosie it is therefore had in estimation From thence as men sayle to Sunium they must passe by these thinges namelie by two great Bayes the one of Malea the other of Opus and in them the Monumentes of the slaughter of the Lacedemonians By Therâ—opile Opaes Scarphia Cnemides Alope Anthedon and Larymna by Aulis the Hauen where the Fléete of Agamemnon and the Greekes that conspired against Troye did harborowe By Marathon a witnesse of many vialent déedes euen from the tyme of Theseus but most chéefeliâ— renowmed with the slaughter of the Persians By Rhamnus a little Towne but yet famous because of the Temple of Amphiaâ—rus and the Image of Nemesis made by Phiâ—dias which are in it and finallie by Thoricos and Brauron some time Citties and now but bare names Sunium is a Forelande which finisheth the East side of Hellas From thence the Lande leaneth Southward vnto Megara now facing the Sea with his front lyke as before it laye with his syde against Attica Then is Pyrrheus the Hauen of Athens and Scyrons rockes euen at this daye diffamed for the cruell entertaynement that Scyron gaue there to Straungers in olde tyme. The boundes of Megaris extend euen to the Balke which is so tearmed because it parteth the Aegean Sea but fiue miles space from the Ionish Sea and knitteth Peloponesus vnto Hellas with a narrowe balke In it is the towne of Cenchree the Temple of Neptune the famous gaminges called the Bâ—lke games and Corinth sometime renowmed for ritches but afterward more renowmed for the destruction thereof and now newlie builded againe and peopled by the Romanes which Cittie out of the top-castle thereof called Acrocorinth vieweth both the seas As we saide before the Sea coast of Peloponesus is indented with Bayes and Forelands on the East side with Bucephalos and Chersonesus and Scyllion on the South syde with Malea Taenaros and Ichthys and on the West with Chelonates and Araxos From the narrowe balke to Scylleon inhabite the Epidaurians renowned with the Temple of Aesculapius and the Troiezenians famous for their faithfull continuaunce in league fréendshippe with the Athenians Also there are Saronike Hauen and Schaenitas and Pagonus The Townes of Epidaure Troizen and Hermion stand vpon this shore Betwéene Scylleon Malea is the Bay of Argolis betwéene that and Taenarus is the Bay of Laconia from thence to Acritas is the Bay of Asine and from thence to Ichthys is the Bay of Cyparissus In the Bay of Argolis are the knowne riuers of Erasmus and Inachus and the knowne towne of Lerne In the Bay of Laconia are the Riuers Githius and Eurotas On the head of Taenarus are the Temple of Neptune and a Caue like vnto the Caue of Acheruse in Pontus that we spake of before both in fashion and Fable In the Bay of Asine is the Riuer Pamisse and in the Bay of Cyparisse is Alpheus These two Bayes take their names of two Citties Cyparissus and Asine that stand vpon their shores The Messemans and Pylians inhabite the Landes and Pyle it selfe standeth néere the Sea and so doo Cyllene and Callipolis The Cittie Patre standeth vpon that shore where Chelonates and Araxos runne into the Sea But Cyllene is notable because men thinke that Mercurie was borne there Afterward Rhion it is the name of a Baye falling lyke a Lake with full mouth as it were in at a narrowe gap betwéene the Aetolians and Peloponesians breaketh in euen to the Balke In it the shores beginne to looke Northward Héere abouts are Aegian and Aegira and Oluros and Sicyon and in the coastes ouer against them are Page Creusis Auticyra Oeanthia Cyrrha and whereof the name is better knowne Calydon and the Riuer Euenus Without Rhion in Acarnania the notablest thinges are the Towne Leucas and the Riuer Achelous In Epire nothing is more noble than the Baye of Ambrace The cause héereof in part is the Baye it selfe which at a narrow gappe lesse than a mile wide letteth in a great Sea and partlie the Citties Actium Argos built by Amphilocus and Ambrace the Pallace of the posteritie of Aeacus and of Pyrrhus which stand by it Beyond is Butroton and then the Hilles Ceraunii and from them the winding toward Adria This Sea being receyued
the next shallowes In Affricke against the greater Syrt is Cuteletos against the Forelandes of the lesser Syâ—t are Meniux and Cercinna against the Baye of Carthage lye Tarichie and the Aegates renowmed with the Shipwracke of the Romanes Many mo are scituate against the coaste of Europe In the Aegean Sea néere to Thrace are Thasos Imbros Samothrace Scandille Polyegos Scyathos Halonesos and Lemnos where the women in olde time are reported to haue murthered all the men and to haue helde the Realme alone Lemnos lyeth ouer against the Mountaine Athos the Bay of Pagasa faceth â—cyathos and embraceth Cicyneton Euboea thrusteth out the Forelandes of Geraestos and Caphareum into the South and Coeneum into the North. It no where beareth any breadth and where it is narrowest it is two miles ouer but it is long and lyeth against all Baeotia being disseuered from the shore thereof with a verie narrowe arme of salt-water which they call Euripus a swift Sea ebbing and flowing seuen times a daye and as often euerie night with so vnmeasurable strong tides that it disappointeth Ships which haue the winde full on their sayles There are a fewe Townes in it as Hestiaea Eretria Pyrrha Nesos and Occhalia but the wealthiest are Carystos and Chalcis In Attis is Helene knowne for the adultrie of Quéene Hellen and Salamis better knowne for the destruction of the Persian Fléete About Peloponesus yet still in the Aegean Sea are Phitiusa and Aegina scituate against the shore of Epidaurus Against Troiezen among vnrenowmed thinges is Calauria renowmed otherwise with the death of Demosthenes In the Myrtoan Sea is Cythera set against Malea and Theganusa against Acritas In the Ionish Sea are Prote Hyria Cephalenia Neritos Same Zacynthos Dulychium and which is not to be reckoned among the base sort Ithaca most chéefelie renowmed with the name of Vlysses In Epyre are the Echinades and the Strophades in olde time called Plottes Against the Bay of Ambrace is Leucadie and néere vnto the Adriatish Sea Corcyra and these lye against the Lands of the Greekes and the Thracians But innermore are Nelos Olâ—aros Aegina Caâ—hon Ios Thera Hyaros Hippuris Donysa Cianos Chalcis Icaria Pinaria Nisyros Lebynthos Calydne and Asine and all these because they lye scattering are called Sporades Afthem follow Sicynus Cythnos â—yphnos Sâ—riphos Rhene Paros Scyros Tenos Myconos Naxos Delos and Andros which because they stand round as it were in a cyrcle together are called â—â—clades Aboue them in the mid Sea Crete furnished sometime with an hundred Citties sendeth out into the East a Foreland called Samon and into the West an other called the Rammes-head But that is greater then Cyprus it were lyke it The same thereof is blazed abroade with many Fables as the 〈◊〉 of Europa the Loues of Pasiphae and of Ariadne â—he cruelnesse of Minotaure and his death the workes of Dedalus and his flight in the ayre and moreouer his arriuall and death but most of all for that the inhabiters yet doo showe the Tombe of Iupiter with his name grauen therevppon as an â—uident Monument of his buriall there Of the Citties therein the best knowne are Gnosus Gortyna Lyctos Lycastos Holopixos Phaestos Cydon Manethusa and Dictynâ—a Among the Hilles the same of Mount Ida excelleth because it is saide that Iupiter was nourished there By the same Hill are Asticle Naumachos Zephyre Crise Gaudos and thrée Townes called all by the one name of Musagories and Carpathus whereof the Carpathian Sea taketh his name In the Adriatishe Sea are Absoros Celaduse Absyrtis Issa Trucon Hydria Electrides blacke Corcyra Tragurie Diomedia Aestria Asine and an other Pharos lying to Brundusium as the other did to Alexandria Sicill by report was sometime maineland and ioyned to the Countrie of Brutia but afterward it was cut off by an arme of the Sicilian Sea The same being narrowe and sharpe runneth with interchaungeable course one while into the Thuscane Sea and an other while into the Ionish Sea rough cruell and renowmed with the terrible names of Scylla and Charybdis Scylla is a Rocke and Charybdis a Sea both of them perillous for such as passe by them The Ile it â—elfe being great and shooting foorth with thrée headdes thrée sundrie wayes one from on other maketh the shape of the Greeke Letter called Delta That which looketh toward Greece is named Pachynus that which looketh to Affricke ward is called Lilybie and that which enclineth to Italie and is direct against Scylla is called Pelorus of Pelorus a Shippe Maister buried there by Hanniball For when Hanniball â—ledde out of his Countrie as he was passing at waye into Syria because that to his sight a farre of the shores séemed to ioyne all in oneâ— as if there had béene no Sea to passe through thinking himselfe to be betrayed by Pelorus he killed him The coast that extendeth from thence to Pachinus along the Ionish Sea beareth these notable thinges Messana Taurominium Catina Megaris â—yracuse and among these the woonderfull Arethusa It is a Fountaine wherein are séene againe such things as are cast into the Riuer Alpheus which as we haue saide sinketh into the Sea-banke of Peloponesus Whervpon it is beléeued that the saide Riuer mingleth not himselfe with the Sea but sinking downe carrieth his streame in a channel vnder Sea and land hither and héere springeth vp againe Betwéene Pachynus and Lilybie are Acragas Heracle and Therme Betwéene Lilybie and Pelorus are Panormus and Hymera Innermore are the Leontines Centuripine Hybla and many others Enna hath the chéefe fame for the Temple of Ceres Of Mountaines the most renowmed is Eryx for the Temple of Venus builded by Aenaeas and Aetna which in olde time nourished the Cyclopes and now burneth with continuall fire Of the Riuers Hymera is woorthy to be spoken of because that rysing in the verie harte of the Countrie it runneth two contrarie wayes and cutting it into two halfes falleth with the one mouth into the Lybish Sea with the other into the Thuscane Sea About Sicill in the narrowe Sea of Sicill is the Iland Aeoee where Calypso is reported to haue dwelled Toward Affricke are Gaulos Melita and Cosura and toward Italie Galata and those seuen which by common name and reputation are called Aeolus Iles that is to wit Osteodes Lipara Didyme Phaenicusa Ericusa Hiera and Strongyle which burne with continuall fire like Aetna But Pithecusa Leucothea Venaria Sinonia Capree Prochyta Pontia Pandataria Phytonia and Palmaria lye against the side of Italie on this side the mouth of Tyber Beyond are certayne little ones called Dianium Iaginium Carbania Vrgo Ilua and Capraria Then are there two great ones deuided with the Hetruscan Sea of which Corsica néerer to the shore being long and slender betwéene the sides is inhabited by barbarous people sauing where the Romane
hitherto the shores lye full vpon the West and from thencefoorth the Land turneth with full side to the North from the Celtike Foreland to the Foreland of Scithia From this Celtike Foreland vnto the Cantabers the Coast is almost right out sauing that there be a few small Bayes and little Forelandes On that coast are first the Artabers and Ianasum Celtike Nations and next them the Asturians In Artabria a Bay with a narrowe mouth receyuing the Sea into a large roome bendeth about by the Cittie Adrobike and the mouthes of fowre Riuers whereof two be but smallie regarded euen of the dwellers by and by the other two the Riuers Mearus and Narius run into Libunca On the shore of the Asturians standeth the Towne of Naega and in a certaine Nesse there are thrée Altars which they call Sestians which are ennobled with the name of Augustus whereby they ennoble these Lands also which were vnnoble afore Neuerthelesse from the Riuer which is called Salia the coast beginneth to drawe backe by little and little and more and more to streighten the widenes of Spaine which yet notwithstanding is wide still gathering the Landes into so narrowe a roome that betwéene the two Seas where Spaine butteth vppon Fraunce Spaine is narrower by the one halfe than where it reacheth into the West That Coast is helde by the Cantabers and Vardules Among the Cantabers are diuers people and Riuers howbeit whose names can not be vttered by the mouth of vs Romanes Through those Countries comes downe the Riuers Salenos and Saurium and through certaine people called the Autrigones and Origeuiones commeth downe the Riuer Nesua The Riuer Deua runneth by Tritium Tobolicum and beyond that Magrada passeth by Iuâ—rissa and Iason The Vardules being one entyre Nation extend from hence to the head of Mount Pyren and so close vp 〈◊〉 the Countrie of Spaine The vttermost coasts of Gallia The second Chapter NOw followeth the other side of Gallia whose Coast shouing somewhat forewarde into the déepe and anon stepping foorth well-néere as much into the open Sea as Spaine had retired backe bresteth the Lands of Cantabrie and winding about with a great circuite turneth his side vnto the West Then turning againe to y â— North it spreadeth out with a long and streight coast vnto the bankes of the Rhyne It is a Land verie fruitfull théefelie of grasse and corne pleasant to behold for great Forrests Whatsoeuer kind of séede can away with nâ— cold the countrie yéeldeth it not euerie where neither is there any great store of hurtfull Beasts The people themselues are proud superstitious and sometime also they haue béene outragious insomuch that they haue beléeued that the Sacrificing of men was the best and acceptablest thing to the Goddes There remaine yet still some remnants of their foreworne crueltie insomuch that although they abstaine from vtter â—â—eaing of men yet notwithstanding they bring them to the Altars and taste of their blood Neuerthelater they haue their kinde of eloquence and teachers of wisedome whome they call Druides These professe themselues to know the greatnesse and fashion of the world the moouinges of the Heauen and of the Starres and the will of the Goddes They teach many things to the men of chéefe Nobilitie in that Nation priuilie and a long time together euen by the space of twentie yéeres in some Caue of the earth or in vnséene corners One of the thinges which they teach is escaped into common knowledge namelie that mennes soules are euerlasting and liue an other life after they be departed out of their bodies and that is to the intent that men should be the better for the warres And therefore when they burned or buried their dead they sent with them an account of their affaires agréeable to their state aforetime when they were aliue yea and also a demaund of the debtes which they owed or had owing vnto them yea and there were some which did willinglie cast themselues into the fyres where their fréendes corses were burnt as folke that looked to liue together with them The Countrie which they inhabite beareth wholie the name of Gallia Comata Of Nations are all comprehended vnder thrée chéefe names and are limitted by great Riuers For from Mount Pyren to the Riuer Garumna is Aquitane from thence to Sequana dwell the Celtes and from thence to the Rheine inhabite the Belgians Of the Aquitanes the most renowmed are the Auscianes of the Celtes the Heduanes and of the Belgians the Treuires The wealthiest Citties are among the Treuires Augusta among the Heduanes Augustodunum and the Auscians Elusaberris The Riuer of Geround falling out of Mount Pyren runneth a long while shallowe and scarce sayleable sauing when he swelleth by reason of winters rayne or of the melting of the snowe But whâ—n he is once increased by méeting with the comminges in of the flowing Occean and carrieth both his owne waters and the Occeans also in their going backe againe he becommeth somewhat fulser and the further he goeth still the wider At length being like a great arme of the Sea he not onelie beareth â—reat Shippes but also swelling after the manner of the â—aging Sea he tosseth the Sailers and that very cruellie if the winde and the tide be one against an other In this Sea is an Iland called Antros the which the Inhabitants therof doo thinke to hang loose and to be lift vp with the rysing of the water because that when it séemeth high it ouerdréepeth the water and when the waues are vp to their full they not onelie inuiron it as afore but also ouerpéere it and the thinges which at other times would not be séene for the bankes and hilles doo then lye open to sight as from a higher place From the going out of Geround beginneth the side of the Land that shooteth into the Sea and lyeth right ouer against the coast of Cantabria The midde partes thereof are inhabited by sundrie sortes of people bending downeward from the Santons vnto the Osismians For from thence againe the front of the shores faceth the North againe and so holdeth on to the Morines which are the vttermost people of Fraunce And the Morines haue not any thing that is better â—nowne then the Hauen that is called Gessoriacum The Rhâ—inâ— falling downe from the Alpes maketh two Lakes within a lyttle of his head namelle Veâ—et and Acronie from thence running a long time whole againe and in one channell he is dispearsed asunder againe within a lyttle of the Sea Howbeit yet Riuer-lyke styll on the left hand euen vntyll he runne out into the Sea But on the right hand at the fyrst he is narrowe and lyke himselfe but afterward his bankes giue waye so as he becommeth not a Riuer but a great Lake and hauing fylled the féeldes is called Flâ—uo and imbracing an Iland of the same name he becommeth narrower againe and falleth lyke a Riuer againe into the Sea Of Germanie
and Land and whether it be for to beautifle themselues or for some other purpose they be stained all their bodies ouer They séeke occasion of warre and picke quarrels one with an other from time to time speciallie for desire of soueraigntie and to enlarge those thinges which they possesse They fight not onelie on horsebacke and on foote but also in Wagons and Chariottes and are armed after the manner of the Galles They call those Chariots Couines which are set with sithes round about the naues Aboue Brittaine is Ireland almost of lyke space but on both sides equall with shores eâ—elong of an euyll ayre to â—ypen thinges that are sowne but so aboundant of grasse which is not onelie rancke but also swéete that the Cattell maye in a small parte of the daye fyll themselues and if they be not kept from féeding they burst with grazing ouer-long The Inhabiters thereof are vnnurtured and ignoraunt of all vertues more then other Nations but yet haue they some knowledge howbeit altogether voide of godlinesse There are thirty Ilandes called Orchades disseuered with narrowe spaces one from an other There are seuen also called Hemodes scattered against Germanie in that gulfe which we called Codan Of these lyke as Codanonia which the Theutons inhabite to this day excéedeth the rest in bignesse so also it excelleth them in fruitfulnesse Those that lye against Sarmatia by reason of the interchaungeable comming and going of the Sea and because the space that is betwixt them is sometimes couered with water and sometimes left bare séeme one while to be Ilands and an other whyle all one with the maine Land Moreouer that in them are Oones which féede onelie vpon egges of water-fowles Oten cakes and the Hyppopodes with féete like Horsses and the Satmales which haue sowsing eares so side and large that they are able to wrappe in their whole bodies and serue them to cloath them with being otherwise naked besides that it is reported in Fables I finde it also in such Authors as I am not ashamed to followe Thule is scituate against the Coast of the Belgies renowmed in the Poetries both of the Greekes and of vs. In it because the Sunne riseth and setteth farre of the nightes are verie short in Winter-season darke as in other places and in Sommer lightsome because at that time the Sunne mounting somewhat high although he be not séene yet sheadeth a glimmering light into the partes néere where he goeth But in the heart of Summer there is no night at all because at that time being néerer sight he sheweth not onelie a brightnesse but also the greateâ—t part of himselfe Talga in the Caspian Sea being plentifull without tyllage hath aboundaunce of Corue and all fruites howbeit the people néere aboutes thinke it vnlawfull and as yll as Church-robbing to touch any of the thinges that growe there for they thinke they are prepared for the Goddes and that they are to be spared for the Goddes Also against those coasts which we saide to be Desart lyâ— some Ilandes that are Desart likewise which being namelesse of themselues are called the Scithish Iles. From these the Coast turneth againe into the East and extendeth to the Coast that beholdeth the Sunne rising This from the Scithish Foreland lying directlie against the same side first is altogether vntrauelable for snowe and afterward for sauadgenesse of the Inhabiters vnhusbanded The Anthropophages and Sages and Scithians disseuered with a Countrie which is a wildernesse by reason it swarmeth with wilde Beastes Beyond againe be waste groundes annoyed with Beasts vnto the Foreland of Tabis which hangeth into the Sea farre from thence ryseth Mount Taurus in height Betwéene them are the Seres a Nation ful of vpright dealing as appeareth by the exchange of wares that they make by leauing of their thinges in the wildernesse and going their way Of India The seuenth Chapter INdia a Countrie right famous which butteth not onelie vppon the East Occean but also vppon the Southerne which wée haue called the Indishe Occean and on the West is bounded with the ridges of Mount Taurus occupieth as much space along the Sea coast as a Shippe with full Sayles maye passe in thrée score dayes and as many nightes It is so farre distaunt from our Countries that in some part thereof none of both the North waies appeare and contrariwise to other Regions the shaddowes of thinges fall into the South Howbeit it is fruitfull and replenished with sundrie sortes of men and beastes It bréedeth Antes full as bigge as the greatest sort of Mastiues which after the manner of Gryffons are reported to kéepe Golde digged out of the innermore partes of the earth and to put them in daunger of their liues that dare aduenture to touch it Also there be some so vnmeasurable great Serpentes that they ouerthrowe Elephantes with byting them and with winding their tayles about them In some places the Soyle is so fatte and fruitfull that Hunny droppeth from the leaues of Trées Wooddes beare Wooll and the Réedes being clâ—aued in the middes make Boats betwéen knot and knot able to carrie two men a péece and some thrée men Of the Inhabiters the Apparell and manners are diuers Some are clad in lynnen or with the wooll aforesaide some with the skinnes of Beastes and Birdes some goe naked some hide onelie their priuie members some are lowe of stature and small othersome are so tall and hudge of body that they take the backes of Elephantes and ride vpon them as easilie and handsomelie as we doo vpon our Horses and yet the Elephantes are verie great and large there Some thinke it good to kill no liuing thing nor to eate any fleshe Some liue onelie by Fishe some kill their neighbours and parents in manner of Sacrifice before they pine away with age and sicknesse and thinke it not onelie lawfull but also godlie to eate the bowelles of them when they haue killed them But if they bee attached with olde age or sicknesse they get them out of all companie into the Wildernesse and there without sorrowing for the matter abide the ende of theyr life The wiser sort of them which are trained vp in the profession and studie of wisedome â—â—â—ger not for death but hasten it by throwing themselues into the fire which is counted a glorie Of the Citties which they inhabite which are verie many the famousest and greatest is Nysa aâ—d of the Mountaines Meros which is hallowed vnto Iupâ—â—er hath the théefe renowme Nysa because Bacchus is supposed to haue béene borne in it and Meros because Bacchus was supposed to haue béene fostered in the Caue thereof Whervppon either good grounded matter or else vaine report was ministred to the Greeke Authors to say that Bacchus was sowed in Iupiters thigh From the Riuer Indus to the Riuer Ganges the Palibotranes inhabite all the coast From Ganges to the Foreland of Iolis dwell the Nysians where the
heate is more feruent then that it maye be inhabited there doo dwell Nations swart and in manner all one with the Ethyopians from Iolis to Cudum the shores are streight and the people fearefull and weltering in ritches of the Salt-water There is a Foreland called Tamos which Mount Taurus rayseth it is the Angle of an other part and the beginning of the side toward the South There are the Riuers of Ganges and Indus Ganges springing out of many heads in Haemodes a Mountaine of Inde as soone as he commeth in one channell becommeth of all Riuers the greatest and being in some place broader where he runneth narrowest he is ten myles ouer and dispearseth himselfe into seuen coastes Indus rysing out of the Mountaine Paropamisus receyâ—eth into it other Riuers also whereof the noblest are Cophes Acesines and Hydaspes and in broade channell carrieth the water that he hath receiued out of many streams Hencefoorth he almost matcheth Ganges in bignesse Afterward when he hath gyrded the hill oftentimes with many great windlasses He commeth downe againe hudge streight and in one channell vntyll at length splitting himselfe to the right hand and to the lefte he empties himselfe at two mouthes farre distaunt one from an other At Tamos is an Ile called Chryse and at Ganges an other called Aâ—gyre The soyle of the one is Golde so haue auncient Authors reported and the soyle of the other Siluer and so it comes to passe of most likelihoodde that eyther the names of them are giuen them of the thing or else the Fable is forged of their names Taprobane is reported of Hypparchus to be either some verie great Iland or else the hithermost part of the other world But for as much as it is inhabited and no man by report is néere about it it shooteth néere the trueth On the contrarie parte there are the mouthes called the Gates of the Sunne so vninhabitable that as soone as men enter into them the outragious heate of the caulme ayre smothereth them by and by Betwéene the mouthes lyeth a scattered countrie somewhere voide of inhabitaunts by reason of the intollerable heate From thence to the entraunce of the redde Sea lyeth a way-lesse and Desart ground more like ashes then duste and therfore there run out of it verie fewe streames and those not great whereof we heare say the notablest are Tubero and Arusaces The Greekes whether it be because it is of that collour or because one Erythras reigned there call the redde Sea Erythran Thalassan It is a stormie rough and déepe water and nourisheth hudge beastes more then all other Seas At the first it beateth euenlie vpon the vttermost banks of the earth giuing waye and if it entered not somewhat inner it were but some broade Bay But where it had bowed the bankes it breaketh twice in and openeth againe two other gulfes whereof that which is néerer to the foresaide Countries is called the Persian gulfe and the further is called the Arabishe gulfe Of the Persian gulfe The eight Chapter The gulfe of Persia where it taketh in the Sea comprehendeth a great mouth with streight iawes on both sides in likenesse of a necke and then the Lande which euerie way shrinketh in a great space and euerie where a like enuironeth the Salt-water within the compasse of a great round shore and maketh the likenesse of a mans head The mouth of the Arabishe gulfe is narrower and the breadth lesser but the retreit is somewhat bigger and the sides much longer It runneth farre into the maine Land vntill it attaine almost vnto Egipt and Mount Casius of Arabia wexing lesse and lesse wide into a point and the further it pearceth the narrower From these saide things to the gulfe of Persia all is wildernesse sauing where the Chelonophagies doo dwell In it on the right hand as men sayle are scituate the Carmanians without Apparell without Corne without Cattell and without houses who cloath themselues with Fishes skinnes and féede on their â—â—eshe and are rough all their bodies ouer saue their heads The inner partes are inhabited by the Gedrosians and foorth on by the Persians Through Carmania runneth Cethis and aboue them run Andanis and Corios into the Sea In that part that is ouer against the mouth of the Sea are the boundes of the Babylonians and Chaldyes and two noble Riuers Tygris néere vnto Persia and Euphratesâ— further of Looke how Tygris springeth so runneth he all the way to the Sea coast Euphrates opening an excéeding wide mouth dooth not onelie passe foorth from whence he ryseth but also falleth mainlie neither dooth he by and by cut through the féeldes from place to place as he goeth but spreading wide into Pooles and becomming slowe with long settled waters abroade without Channell afterward when he hath broken out of his brimme becommeth a Riuer in déede and purchasing bankes runneth swift and fomie Westward through the Armenians and Capadocians as though hee would come into our Seas if Mount Tauâ—us letted him not From thence he is turned of to the South and entring first into Syria and afterward into Arabia holdeth not out into the Sea but one while béeing great and able to beare Shippes and anone after becomming lanke dyeth a pelting Brooke and no where runneth out againe with issue to be séene as other Riuers doo but soketh away into the ground The other side is enuironed with a Countrie shooting foorth betwéene bothe the Seas named Arabia and surnamed the Happi It is but narrow howbeit most plentifull of Cinnamon Frankincence and other Spices The Sabaeans possesse the greater part therof next vnto the mouth and the Maces the part ouer against the Carmanians That which lyeth betwéene the mouthes is roughe with Woodes and cragged Cliffes In the mids are certaine Iles of which Ogiris is more famous then the rest because the Tumbe of King Erithras is in it The gulfe of Arabia The ninth Chapter THe other Gulfe is enclosed round about by the Arabians On that side which is on the right hand as men enter in are the Citties Carre Arabia and Gaudam On the otherside in the innermost Angle are first Beronice betwéene Heroopoliticum and Strobilum next Philoteris and Ptolemais betwéene the promontories Merouenon and Colaca beyond them Arsinoâ— and another Beronice then the Forrest that beareth the Wood Ebonie and the spices and a Riuer made by mans hand and therefore to be spoken of because that béeing drawne by a Dich from the Riuer Nile without the Gulfe Howbeit bending and as no part at all of the red Sea it is annoyed with beastes and by that meanes desert also Part hereof is inhabited by the Candanes which people because they féede vpon Serpents are named Ophiophagies Innermore were the Pigmies a kinde of Dwarfes which were destroyed in a battell that was fought against the Cranes for theyr Corne that was sowne There be many kinds of wild
Georges or Tyl-men The Axiakes The vplandills Scithians The Anthropophages or eaters of men The Gelones Melanchlaenes or Blacke-coats The Neures Hebrus Nestos and Strymon riuers Haemus Rhodope and Orbele mountaines The manners of the Nations of Thrace The manners of the Gets and their opinions of the immortalitie of the soule * Now called Meâ—imbria Apollonia * Now called Constantinople Lysimachia * Now called Arch-sea The Tombe of Queen Hecuba Aenos The Cycones Orpheus The Tyraunt Diomede Abdera Democritus Of the Riuer Strymon Mount Athos * Now called Salonich Phyloctetes Pieria * Now it is called Morea Thessalye Magnesia Phthiotis The shâ—eres of Greece The shieres of Peloponesus Larissa Delphos and Parnasus Thebes and Cytheron Eleusis Seres Athens Megara Argos and Mycene Lacedemon * Now called Modon Arcadie Aetolia Acarnania * Now called Albanie * A woonderfull Fountaine * This is the Countrie properlie called by the name of Greece Corinth * That is the Aegean and Ionish Seas Aesculapius Acheruse Cyllene * Achelous The Bay of Ambrace * The Thunderâ— hylles * Now called Sclauonie * Now called Triest * Now called Durazo * Now Bruzza * Now a part of Lombardie Padua Rome * Now called Triest The riuer Po. * Ancona or Ancon signifieth an elbowe Eâ—â—ius the Poet The Alpes Now called Lake Losan and the Lake of Geneua * Sauoy and Delphynoys * Auignion * Nimes * 〈◊〉 * Languedocke * Orenge * Arle Narbon in Prouince * Ragnie Marsilles and the foundation thereof Rhone * The people of Mount Pelier The Riuer of Soan The riuer Atax A strange Feeld * It may be called Herts-walke * A shrub lyke Broome wherof they make Cables * Nauar Aragon and Biskay * Guadiana * The kingdom of Granado * Portingale Gallicia and castile * Palenze * Saragossa * Siuill Hanniballes Stayers * Terragon * Barsilone * Iber or Ebro * The kingdome of Granado * Cartagene * Malliqua * The Streights of Siuill or the Streightes of Marocke The place where the Author of this worke was borne * Saint Vincents head * Cales Leuce or Achillea Aria Peuce Thynnias The Cyanies or Symplegades Proconesus Tenedos Macarons Iles. Lesbos Chios Samos Cos. Rhodes The Chelidonies Cyprus Ile Arados Canopâ— Pharos Cuteletos Meniux and Cercinna Tarichie and Aegates Thasos Imbros Samothrace Scandill Polyegos Seyathos Holeâ—esos Lemnos Eubaea â—â—e Helene Salamine Phitiusa and Aegina Calauria Cythera Theganusa Prote Hyria Cephalenia Neritos Same Zacynthos Dulychium Ithaca The Echinades and Strophades Leucadie Corcyra now called Cortu The Sporades The Cyclades * Candye Iupiters Tombe The Carpathian Sea Absoros Celaduse Absyrtis Trucon Issa Hydria Electrides blacke Corcyra Tragurie Diomedia Aestria Asine Pharos Sicill The description of Sicill The Fountaine Arethusa Enna Eâ—yx Aetna A straunge running of a streame * This is supposed to haue been called Ogygia and Calypsus * Malta Aeolus Iles or Vulcanes Iles. * It is also called Euonymos Corsica called also Cyrnos Sardinia The Stechades The Iles called Baleares now called Mallorca and Minorca Ebusus now called Euiza Colubraria or Adderland now called Cormedera The description of the Occean and the opinionâ— of the ebbing and flowing thereof * Granate * Guadiana * Of wylde Olyâ—fes The riuer Boetis now called Guadalquebir * Portingale * Wedge-feeld or Wedge-land * Lisbone * Now called the Landes end * Biscay * Geround * Seane * French men * The people of the Lowe Countries as Braband Holland Zealand Flaunders c. * The people of Aâ—toys and Picardie * Calis * It is called now a dayes the lower Lake and Cellar * â—t is called Poden-sea and the Lake of Constance * Herts-wald * Danow or Tonware * Rhone * Emse * Weser * Some thinke these to be the Pomeranes and some to be Prutenes * Danowe * Grazyers Erythia The Tynnâ— Mynes The description of Brittaine as it was knowne in the tyme of Mela the Author of this worke The fashion of armed Chariorts which the Brittons vsed in Battell Ireland The Iles of Orkenay Oones Hippopodes Satmales * Iseland * Eaters of manâ— fleshe Ants as bigge as Mastiues Hage Serpents Hunny Cotten and Reedes The manners and apparell of the auncient Indians Nysa and mouâ—â— Meros The greatnesse of the Riuer Ganges The Riuer Indus * Gold-land * Syluer-land Taprobane The Gates of the Sunne The redde Sea Shelfish-eaters Carmania nowe called Rasigut Tygris Euphrates Arabia The Sabaeans Serpent eaters The Pigmies Winged Serpents The Phoenix This Cittie is called Heliople * These are not the same that were spoken of heeretofore in Europe but others in Ethyope The goodlinesse of the Inhabiters of Meroe and of their customes The Table of the Sunne A sâ—raunge Lake Straunge beasts Straunge Birdes The voyage of Hanno Captaine of Carthage about the coast of Affricke The Iourney of Eudoxus Speechlesse people People vnacquainted with fyre A straunge kind of Women A Hill called Gods Chariot Pannes and Satires The Westerne Aethiopians The head of Nilus The beast called Catoblepe The Gorgon Ileâ— The Westernâ— horne The Iles of the Hesperides