true_a that_o towards_o euphrates_n and_o near_o the_o mountain_n of_o arabia_n foelix_fw-la it_o have_v some_o few_o town_n resort_v to_o by_o merchant_n but_o this_o be_v only_o in_o those_o part_n north-west_n of_o china_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a desert_n a_o sandy_a one_o call_v xamo_n desertum_fw-la the_o desert_n of_o lop_n or_o xamo_n through_o some_o part_n of_o which_o run_v hoang_n the_o great_a river_n of_o china_n as_o for_o africa_n desert_n be_v as_o common_a there_o as_o forest_n in_o europe_n and_o there_o be_v a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o lie_v betwixt_o biledulgerid_n northward_o and_o the_o negro_n land_n southward_o that_o be_v but_o a_o continual_a desert_n it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v in_o latin_a lybia_n deserta_fw-la or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n zara_n which_o signify_v a_o desert_n or_o wilderness_n in_o america_n it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v likewise_o vast_a desert_n but_o we_o have_v as_o yet_o no_o good_a account_n of_o they_o so_o philalethes_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o these_o reflection_n upon_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o country_n as_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o whereas_o some_o country_n be_v flat_a and_o only_o set_v out_o with_o some_o pleasant_a little_a hill_n here_o and_o there_o other_o be_v mountainous_a full_a of_o huge_a hill_n and_o dreadful_a precipice_n some_o be_v fat_a and_o marshy_a when_o other_o be_v sand_n or_o stony_n some_o country_n be_v fruitful_a irrigate_v with_o fair_a and_o navigable_a river_n and_o in_o short_a bless_v with_o all_o necessary_n whilst_o other_o be_v barren_a unhappy_a and_o full_a of_o desert_n fit_a only_a to_o bring_v forth_o wild_a and_o venomous_a beast_n some_o produce_v one_o thing_n some_o another_o according_a to_o that_o of_o ovid_n nec_fw-la eadem_fw-la tellus_fw-la parit_fw-la omne_fw-la vitibus_fw-la illa_fw-la convenit_fw-la haec_fw-la oleis_fw-la hîc_fw-la bene_fw-la farra_n virent_fw-la some_o country_n enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n as_o most_o country_n of_o europe_n whilst_o some_o be_v even_o scorch_v by_o a_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o freeze_v up_o almost_o all_o the_o year_n round_o and_o here_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v almost_o a_o continual_a daylight_n for_o six_o month_n and_o as_o long_o a_o time_n of_o continual_a darkness_n whilst_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n enjoy_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n the_o more_o convenient_a and_o daily_a vicissitude_n of_o day_n and_o night_n more_o or_o less_o again_o some_o country_n but_o island_n especial_o be_v extreme_o subject_a to_o fog_n wind_n rain_n and_o change_v of_o wether_n whilst_o country_n remote_a from_o the_o sea_n do_v common_o enjoy_v a_o pure_a air_n a_o more_o serene_a sky_n and_o such_o wether_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o season_n those_o be_v common_o unhealthful_a and_o subject_a to_o divers_a disease_n these_o nothing_o near_o so_o much_o in_o fine_a some_o country_n as_o in_o the_o east_n be_v much_o subject_n to_o earthquake_n some_o as_o the_o caribby_n island_n to_o hurricane_n and_o dreadful_a tempest_n and_o other_o as_o sicily_n and_o iseland_n to_o deluge_n of_o fire_n the_o five_o discourse_n of_o the_o water_n sophr_n in_o our_o last_o discourse_n i_o have_v give_v you_o philalethes_n such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o visible_a earth_n as_o may_v fill_v your_o expectation_n now_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o my_o business_n to_o be_v as_o accurate_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o make_v up_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n the_o terr-aqueous_a globe_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v chief_o divide_v into_o continent_n island_n and_o peninsules_a so_o be_v the_o water_n principal_o divide_v into_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n be_v mean_v that_o great_a body_n of_o water_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encompass_v the_o earth_n on_o every_o side_n and_o be_v proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ocean_n but_o there_o be_v particular_a sea_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n through_o a_o narrow_a passage_n and_o stretch_v themselves_o a_o long_a way_n through_o several_a country_n therefore_o call_v inland_a sea_n as_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a and_o red-sea_n of_o which_o more_o afterward_o a_o lake_n be_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o water_n have_v no_o visible_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n or_o influx_n into_o it_o as_o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n a_o river_n be_v a_o watercourse_n issue_v from_o some_o spring_n or_o lake_n and_o continual_o run_v in_o its_o proper_a channel_n till_o it_o empty_n itself_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n immediate_o or_o else_o into_o a_o great_a river_n the_o place_n where_o it_o begin_v be_v call_v spring_n head_n or_o source_n where_o it_o run_v into_o another_o fall_v influx_n or_o confluence_n and_o where_o it_o lose_v itself_o in_o any_o sea_n that_o be_v proper_o term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n but_o next_o to_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n i_o must_v explain_v unto_o you_o these_o word_n viz._n gulf._n bay_n creek_n straight_o haven_n pond_n torrent_n brook_n spring_n a_o gulf_n be_v proper_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o make_v a_o crooked_a or_o circle_a shore_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n as_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n in_o the_o east-indies_n and_o that_o of_o mexico_n in_o america_n a_o bay_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o middling_a sort_n of_o gulf_n though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v great_a gulf_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o bay_n as_o north_n of_o america_n baffins_n hudson_n and_o button_n bay_n a_o creek_n be_v a_o little_a bay_n a_o straight_a be_v a_o arm_n or_o a_o narrow_a passage_n of_o a_o sea_n as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n gibraltar_n and_o the_o hellespont_n a_o haven_n or_o a_o harbour_n be_v a_o safe_a place_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v at_o anchor_n a_o pond_n or_o pool_n be_v but_o a_o small_a body_n of_o stand_a water_n apt_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o in_o summer_n if_o not_o feed_v with_o some_o spring_n or_o other_o a_o torrent_n be_v a_o rapid_a water_n cause_v by_o some_o great_a rain_n or_o thaw_v and_o so_o rush_v down_o the_o hill_n with_o great_a swiftness_n a_o brook_n or_o rivulet_n be_v but_o a_o little_a run_a stream_n of_o a_o small_a extent_n and_o by_o a_o spring_n or_o fountain_n be_v mean_v a_o little_a stream_n immediate_o spring_a out_n of_o the_o ground_n now_o to_o follow_v the_o same_o method_n we_o use_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o must_v give_v you_o philalethes_n a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o sea_n lake_n rivers_n etc._n etc._n the_o ocean_n which_o surround_v the_o world_n may_v be_v divide_v according_a to_o its_o four_o quarter_n into_o northern_a eastern_a southern_a western_a the_o northern_a ocean_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v north_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n and_o so_o part_v they_o from_o terra_fw-la borealis_fw-la but_o it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o freeze_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o clog_v with_o ice_n in_o wintertime_n the_o eastern_a lie_n between_o asia_n and_o america_n call_v eastern_a in_o respect_n to_o asia_n but_o about_o the_o southern_a america_n it_o be_v best_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o mar_n deal_v zur_a or_o south_n sea_n or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o pacifick_n the_o southern_a ocean_n ly_n south_n of_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n and_o so_o part_v they_o from_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la the_o western_a lie_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o africa_n of_o one_o side_n and_o america_n on_o the_o other_o side_n call_v western_a because_o it_o ly'_v west_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n but_o towards_o america_n it_o be_v name_v mar_n del_fw-it north_n or_o the_o north_n sea_n now_o the_o ocean_n have_v several_a particular_a name_n common_o take_v from_o the_o adjacent_a country_n so_o about_o britain_n it_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n about_o ireland_n irish_a sea_n about_o the_o low_a germany_n the_o german_a sea_n or_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o about_o spain_n the_o spanish_a sea_n towards_o the_o east-indies_n it_o be_v name_v the_o indian_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o africa_n from_o atlas_n the_o great_a african_a mountain_n it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o atlantic_a sea_n or_o atlantic_a ocean_n and_o towards_o aethiopia_n it_o be_v from_o hence_o call_v aethiopick_n but_o beside_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v some_o inland_a sea_n into_o which_o the_o ocean_n diffuse_v itself_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a which_o run_v eastward_o from_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n above_o a_o thousand_o league_n betwixt_o europe_n northwards_o and_o africa_n southwards_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shore_n of_o asia_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v the_o mediterranean_a that_o be_v the_o midland_n sea_n from_o the_o latin_a mare_n
the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n whereby_o he_o at_o last_o enter_v from_o the_o north_n into_o the_o south-sea_n and_o to_o give_v you_o a_o description_n of_o those_o strait_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o 53._o degree_n of_o southern_a latitude_n about_o 100_o league_n in_o length_n with_o high_a hill_n on_o both_o side_n always_o cover_v with_o snow_n the_o passage_n as_o it_o be_v tedious_a and_o unpleasant_a so_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o here_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v with_o a_o violent_a swiftness_n and_o the_o very_a first_o fall_n into_o it_o be_v extreme_o doubtful_a and_o hazardous_a and_o then_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o which_o way_n soever_o a_o man_n steer_v his_o course_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o speak_v of_o the_o wind_n he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v the_o wind_n against_o he_o beside_o that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n say_v john_n davis_n be_v so_o full_a of_o turn_n and_o change_n and_o those_o so_o violent_a that_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v enter_v there_o be_v no_o return_v to_o which_o add_v that_o the_o channel_n be_v so_o very_o deep_a in_o some_o place_n no_o less_o than_o 300._o fathom_n that_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o anchorage_n in_o short_a it_o be_v a_o whole_a month_n viz._n from_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o october_n to_o the_o end_n of_o november_n before_o magellan_n can_v be_v clear_a of_o these_o narrow_a sea_n from_o whence_o he_o sail_v at_o last_o to_o the_o east-indies_n but_o there_o he_o be_v the_o year_n follow_v unfortunate_o slay_v and_o of_o five_o ship_n that_o he_o set_v out_o with_o there_o be_v but_o one_o by_o a_o happy_a omen_n call_v victoria_n that_o return_v to_o spain_n in_o safety_n the_o commander_n of_o that_o ship_n be_v sebastian_n del_fw-it canon_n who_o after_o a_o very_a long_a and_o dangerous_a voyage_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v he_o have_v sail_v at_o least_o 14000._o league_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o bring_v home_o the_o welcome_a news_n of_o his_o good_a success_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o american_n they_o be_v credible_o suppose_v to_o descend_v from_o the_o tartar_n of_o asia_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o west_n side_n of_o america_n be_v disjoin_v from_o tartary_n but_o by_o a_o very_a small_a streight_n so_o that_o there_o be_v thence_o into_o these_o country_n a_o very_a quick_a and_o ready_a passage_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o american_n be_v most_o like_a the_o tartar_n of_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n to_o which_o add_v that_o the_o west_n side_n of_o america_n be_v far_o more_o populous_a than_o the_o east_n towards_o europe_n or_o africa_n which_o argue_v that_o those_o western_a part_n be_v first_o inhabit_a and_o that_o from_o hence_o the_o rest_n be_v people_v what_o remain_v now_o be_v to_o give_v you_o philalethes_n first_o the_o division_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n and_o then_o that_o of_o the_o southern_a both_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o present_a state_n of_o those_o two_o great_a peninsules_a the_o northern_a america_n may_v be_v fit_o divide_v into_o these_o principal_a part_n viz._n mexico_n or_o new_a spain_n new_a mexico_n florida_n virginia_n canada_n or_o new_a france_n estotiland_n mexico_n the_o most_o southern_a the_o best_a and_o most_o populous_a part_n of_o all_o this_o peninsule_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o south_n sea_n the_o same_o reach_n from_o the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n southward_o to_o rio_n deal_v norte_v in_o new_a mexico_n northwestward_o above_o 400._o league_n but_o the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v not_o proportionable_a it_o be_v call_v mexico_n from_o the_o chief_a province_n of_o that_o name_n as_o this_o be_v from_o the_o chief_a city_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o great_a prefecture_n or_o government_n call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n audiencas_n viz._n of_o mexico_n of_o guadalajara_n or_o new_a gallicia_n and_o of_o guatimala_n which_o comprehend_v several_a province_n and_o as_o the_o gulf_n borrow_v its_o name_n from_o hence_o so_o the_o whole_a peninsule_n be_v sometime_o call_v from_o it_o mexicana_n this_o rich_a kingdom_n belong_v sole_o to_o spain_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o it_o by_o ferdinand_n cortes_n anno_fw-la 1519._o north_n of_o this_o mexico_n you_o will_v find_v nuevo_n mexico_n or_o the_o new_a mexico_n bound_v eastward_o with_o florida_n and_o westward_o with_o mare_n vermejo_n which_o part_v it_o from_o california_n florida_n ly'_v full_a north_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o carolina_n be_v count_v part_n of_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o south_n of_o virginia_n by_o virginia_n as_o a_o general_a name_n i_o mean_v all_o that_o sea-coast_n country_n which_o reach_v northeastward_a from_o florida_n as_o far_o as_o the_o gulf_n or_o bay_n of_o s._n laurence_n and_o so_o it_o contain_v chief_o virginia_n proper_o so_o call_v new_a sweden_n the_o new_a netherlands_o new-england_n and_o acadia_n canada_n or_o new_a france_n ly'_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n canada_n and_o on_o the_o west_n side_n you_o will_v find_v the_o saguenay_n a_o part_n of_o new_a france_n so_o call_v from_o a_o river_n of_o that_o name_n which_o run_v into_o the_o canada_n estotiland_n comprehend_v those_o region_n that_o lie_v most_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o east_n bound_v eastward_o with_o the_o main_a ocean_n northwards_o with_o hudsons_n strait_n westward_o with_o hudson_n bay_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o canada_n or_o new_a france_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o it_o discover_v the_o same_o be_v also_o call_v terra_fw-la corterealis_fw-la or_o corterealis_fw-la ora_fw-la from_fw-la corterealis_fw-la a_o portugueze_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o leave_v his_o name_n unto_o it_o it_o have_v likewise_o get_v the_o name_n of_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr labrador_n and_o now_o the_o french_a call_v it_o nouvelle_n bretagne_n that_o be_v new_a britain_n from_o a_o french_a province_n of_o that_o name_n one_o thing_n be_v observable_a concern_v this_o peninsule_n that_o most_o of_o the_o western_a part_n as_o be_v further_a from_o europe_n be_v still_o undiscovered_a but_o northwards_o you_o will_v find_v some_o part_n of_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o new_a north-wales_n new_a south-wales_n and_o west_n of_o these_o new_a denmark_n the_o southern_a america_n i_o divide_v into_o these_o chief_a part_n viz._n terra_fw-la firma_fw-la brasil_n paraguay_n magellanica_fw-la chili_n peru_n amazonia_n terra_fw-la firma_n in_o spanish_a tierra_n firm_a comprehend_v those_o region_n which_o lie_v most_o towards_o the_o north._n as_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la proper_o and_o special_o so_o call_v the_o government_n or_o country_n of_o popayan_n cartagena_n s._n martha_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hacha_n and_o venezuela_n the_o new_a realm_n of_o granada_n paria_fw-la caribana_n and_o guiana_n all_o which_o belong_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o spain_n brasil_n which_o take_v up_o the_o most_o eastern_a part_n and_o do_v chief_o belong_v to_o portugal_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a capitanias_n as_o the_o portugueze_n call_v they_o or_o prefecture_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v capitania_n de_fw-fr siara_n the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o less_o compass_n and_o bear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o name_n of_o their_o chief_a place_n or_o principal_a river_n as_o capitania_n de_fw-fr para_n de_fw-fr maragnan_n de_fw-fr rio_n grande_fw-fr parayba_n tamaraca_n pernambuco_n bahia_n ilheos_n porto_n seguro_fw-la spiritu_fw-la santo_n rio_n janeiro_n and_o s._n vincente_n but_o all_o this_o be_v only_o by_o the_o seaside_n the_o inland_a part_n be_v leave_v i_o suppose_v for_o our_o posterity_n to_o plant_v paraguay_n ly_n south_n and_o west_n of_o brasil_n and_o do_v chief_o belong_v to_o the_o spaniard_n it_o be_v call_v paraguay_n from_o the_o great_a river_n of_o that_o name_n otherwise_o name_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la which_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o the_o same_o be_v at_o present_a divide_v into_o paraguay_n proper_o so_o call_v guayra_n parana_n uraguay_n the_o province_n of_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la chaco_n and_o tucuman_a magellanica_fw-la ly's_n south_n of_o paraguay_n and_o reach_n to_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o magellan_n where_o this_o peninsule_n like_a africa_n draw_v towards_o a_o point_n not_o unlike_a that_o of_o a_o pyramid_n this_o wild_a country_n have_v the_o prospect_n not_o only_o of_o the_o strait_n aforesaid_a southwards_o but_o also_o of_o the_o north-sed_n eastward_o and_o part_n of_o if_o of_o the_o south_n sea_n westward_o chili_n be_v a_o sea-coast_n country_n upon_o the_o south-sea_n west_n of_o magellanica_fw-la most_o part_n of_o which_o and_o that_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n peru_n a_o country_n famous_a for_o
extend_v from_o the_o border_n of_o austria_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o so_o divide_v hungary_n transilvania_n and_o moldavia_n from_o poland_n 5._o mount_v haemus_n reach_v from_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o so_o part_v greece_n from_o servia_n and_o bulgaria_n 6._o the_o dofrine_a hill_n a_o vast_a and_o continual_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o divide_v norway_n from_o sweden_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n you_o have_v first_o in_o asia_n taurus_n of_o which_o caucasus_n be_v a_o part_n and_o imaus_n great_a than_o any_o in_o europe_n that_o run_v a_o vast_a way_n from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o this_o from_o north_n to_o south_n in_o africa_n atlas_n extend_v from_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n a_o prodigious_a way_n eastward_o beside_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o south_n part_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n the_o mountain_n of_o new_a mexico_n which_o run_v also_o north_n of_o florida_n and_o in_o the_o southern_a america_n the_o andes_n reach_v from_o the_o north_n part_n of_o peru_n to_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n above_o three_o thousand_o mile_n those_o be_v philalethes_n the_o great_a and_o most_o note_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n all_o of_o they_o general_o of_o a_o rocky_a substance_n and_o in_o most_o place_n overspread_v with_o forest_n none_o of_o they_o free_a from_o snow_n even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n in_o short_a they_o be_v all_o troublesome_a and_o very_a dangerous_a to_o travel_v over_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o steep_a and_o tedious_a ascent_n narrow_a way_n and_o craggy_a rock_n deep_a and_o dreadful_a precipice_n fierce_a whirlwind_n and_o huge_a ball_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o tumble_v down_o from_o the_o top_n with_o great_a noise_n and_o violence_n and_o yet_o which_o be_v remarkable_a among_o some_o of_o these_o dreadful_a hill_n as_o the_o alps_o there_o be_v valley_n incredible_o fruitful_a and_o temperate_a with_o town_n and_o village_n in_o they_o general_o these_o hill_n be_v impassable_a except_o in_o a_o few_o place_n which_o therefore_o be_v by_o the_o roman_n call_v portae_n or_o from_o the_o greek_a pylae_n or_o thermopylae_n and_o as_o from_o lake_n so_o from_o these_o mountain_n spring_v many_o of_o the_o great_a river_n some_o produce_v metal_n as_o gold_n silver_n iron_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o produce_v none_o at_o all_o now_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o hill_n be_v common_o sandy_a chalky_a or_o clammy_a and_o some_o of_o these_o as_o mount_n aetna_n in_o sicily_n vesuvius_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o hecla_n in_o iseland_n be_v famous_a for_o those_o dreadful_a fire_n which_o sometime_o do_v break_v out_o of_o they_o phil._n pray_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o fire_n and_o vomit_v of_o flame_n sophr._n the_o great_a abundance_n of_o sulphureous_a matter_n contain_v in_o the_o bosom_n of_o those_o hill_n the_o wind_n which_o get_v in_o at_o the_o chink_n blow_v the_o fire_n and_o the_o water_n on_o the_o other_o side_n add_v to_o the_o force_n of_o it_o phil._n then_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o when_o the_o combustible_a matter_n shall_v be_v waste_v the_o conflagration_n shall_v cease_v sophr._n sure_o enough_o and_o therefore_o in_o tercera_n and_o st._n michael_n two_o of_o the_o azore_n island_n there_o be_v now_o no_o such_o fire_n to_o be_v see_v as_o there_o have_v be_v former_o but_o only_o now_o and_o then_o a_o smoke_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o the_o ascension_n island_n and_o st._n helena_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o like_a ash_n that_o it_o may_v be_v credible_o suppose_v there_o have_v be_v former_o some_o fire_n of_o this_o kind_n phil._n but_o do_v you_o think_v sophronius_n the_o hill_n be_v of_o as_o old_a stand_n as_o the_o world_n sophr._n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v the_o great_a hill_n be_v create_v at_o first_o as_o they_o be_v not_o that_o i_o think_v as_o some_o do_v that_o god_n have_v first_o make_v the_o earth_n perfect_o round_a without_o any_o hollowness_n or_o one_o part_n high_o than_o another_o and_o then_o contrive_v hollow_a place_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o contain_v the_o water_n the_o hill_n come_v of_o that_o earth_n which_o make_v room_n for_o the_o water_n for_o certain_o as_o many_o more_o mountain_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n can_v not_o fill_v up_o all_o those_o concavity_n and_o yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o some_o hill_n have_v be_v raise_v accidental_o as_o those_o sandy_a hill_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o low_a country_n wherein_o be_v find_v many_o shell_n for_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a those_o shell_n be_v carry_v thither_o with_o the_o sand_n by_o some_o violent_a wind_n and_o afterward_o compact_v together_o by_o succeed_a rain_n and_o so_o harden_v in_o process_n of_o time_n phil._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a now_o i_o will_v say_v know_v sophronius_n whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v concavity_n or_o hollow_a place_n wind_n and_o turn_n precipice_n and_o the_o like_a in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n sophr._n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o earthquake_n and_o those_o river_n that_o have_v run_v a_o good_a way_n under_o ground_n come_v up_o again_o phil._n what_o have_v you_o now_o to_o say_v as_o to_o forest_n and_o desert_n soph._n in_o europe_n the_o forest_n of_o most_o note_n be_v the_o hercynian_a forest_n which_o overrun_v not_o only_o a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n but_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o danube_n spread_v itself_o over_o hungary_n and_o transilvania_n and_o from_o thence_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n over_o poland_n and_o moscovy_n a_o wood_n so_o formidable_a to_o the_o roman_n that_o when_o they_o have_v go_v 60._o day_n journey_n through_o it_o they_o come_v back_o and_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o search_v the_o end_n of_o it_o but_o in_o germany_n the_o great_a part_n thereof_o be_v long_o since_o consume_v and_o no_o place_n there_o so_o much_o overspread_v with_o it_o as_o bohemia_n in_o poland_n and_o moscovy_n this_o forest_n be_v the_o most_o visible_a and_o in_o the_o last_o especial_o which_o be_v so_o overrun_v with_o it_o that_o when_o i_o be_v there_o a_o attendant_n on_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o earl_n of_o carlisle_n his_o majesty_n ambassador_n to_o the_o court_n of_o moscovy_n we_o travel_v 15_o hundred_o mile_n through_o that_o country_n and_o all_o within_o that_o forest_n next_o to_o which_o for_o fame_n be_v the_o forest_n call_v ardennes_n in_o the_o low_a germany_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n extend_v from_o the_o rhine_n one_o way_n as_o far_o as_o tournay_n in_o flanders_n and_o be_v in_o compass_n at_o least_o 500_o mile_n a_o inconsiderable_a length_n you_o will_v say_v in_o comparison_n to_o that_o of_o hercynia_n but_o now_o it_o be_v not_o above_o 30._o league_n in_o length_n reach_v but_o from_o thionville_n in_o luxemburg_n to_o liege_n and_o yet_o not_o all_o that_o woodland_n neither_o though_o within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o forest_n there_o be_v in_o that_o tract_n of_o ground_n many_o village_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o arable_a land_n in_o short_a i_o shall_v observe_v to_o you_o that_o most_o of_o our_o european_a forest_n be_v of_o fruitless_a tree_n as_o oak_n beech_n pine_n juniper_n alder_n and_o maple-tree_n of_o elm_n ash_n and_o poplar-tree_n but_o above_o all_o of_o fir_n though_o there_o be_v some_o indeed_o of_o olive_n orange_n and_o myrtle-tree_n but_o in_o asia_n there_o be_v whole_a forest_n of_o cedar_n cinnamon_n nutmeg_n and_o clove-tree_n in_o africa_n of_o limon_n orange_n palm_n and_o tamarind-tree_n and_o last_o america_n be_v famous_a for_o its_o cedar_n but_o particular_o for_o that_o red_a and_o exceed_o hard_a wood_n call_v brasil_n from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o country_n there_o which_o have_v whole_a forest_n thereof_o as_o to_o desert_n or_o wilderness_n proper_o so_o call_v they_o be_v either_o sandy_a stony_n or_o moorish_a in_o europe_n we_o be_v little_o trouble_v with_o they_o but_o in_o asia_n there_o be_v enough_o of_o they_o and_o especial_o in_o that_o part_n of_o arabia_n which_o from_o hence_o be_v call_v arabia_n deserta_fw-la a_o country_n say_v melchior_n who_o have_v travel_v in_o it_o where_o be_v sound_v neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o bird_n or_o tree_n grass_n or_o pasture_n but_o only_o stony_a high_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n in_o short_a it_o be_v a_o wild_a place_n and_o full_a of_o vast_a desert_n so_o waste_a and_o desolate_a that_o such_o as_o travel_v there_o must_v carry_v their_o provision_n with_o they_o and_o guide_v themselves_o in_o their_o journey_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n it_o be_v
from_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n or_o from_o they_o who_o be_v in_o health_n do_v but_o make_v sport_n with_o the._n sick_a what_o cordial_n think_v you_o be_v the_o smell_n of_o pitch_n and_o tar_n what_o lodging_n a_o hammock_n hang_v up_o in_o the_o air_n or_o a_o close_a and_o fusty_a cabin_n it_o make_v i_o dry_a to_o think_v of_o their_o salt_n victual_n and_o my_o tooth_n as_o strong_a as_o they_o be_v tremble_v with_o the_o very_a thought_n of_o crack_v a_o stone-hard_a biscuit_n when_o i_o may_v have_v a_o new_a roll_n at_o home_n and_o to_o digest_v those_o hard_a victual_n what_o place_n be_v there_o to_o walk_v in_o a_o deck_n so_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o that_o every_o step_v one_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o fall_n and_o of_o a_o boisterous_a rude_a sea_n about_o one_o ear_n into_o the_o bargain_n sophr._n what_o a_o fine_a speech_n you_o make_v now_o philalethes_n i_o see_v you_o can_v make_v the_o worst_a of_o any_o thing_n but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o see_v you_o so_o unmanly_a and_o all_o your_o rhetoric_n serve_v only_o to_o set_v out_o your_o faint-heartedness_n i_o wonder_v how_o you_o dare_v venture_v to_o go_v along_o the_o street_n for_o the_o tile_n may_v chance_v to_o tumble_v upon_o your_o head_n and_o how_o can_v you_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n walk_v the_o length_n of_o your_o room_n when_o who_o know_v but_o that_o you_o may_v shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o house_n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o fright_a and_o therefore_o let_v we_o leave_v the_o sea_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o chief_a lake_n and_o rivers_n but_o you_o must_v know_v beforehand_o philalethes_n that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v like_o so_o many_o sea_n phil._n it_o be_v no_o matter_n their_o name_n be_v not_o so_o formidable_a sophr._n what_o think_v you_o then_o of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n in_o asia_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o lake_n but_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a compass_n be_v no_o jest_n than_o 260_o league_n long_o and_o at_o least_o a_o 100_o broad_a phil._n this_o be_v a_o fine_a lake_n indeed_o sophr._n the_o great_a we_o know_v of_o next_o to_o which_o there_o be_v another_o according_a to_o sansons_n map_n about_o half_a the_o bigness_n of_o that_o call_v by_o the_o name_n carantia_n which_o he_o place_v almost_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o asian_a tartary_n in_o africa_n you_o will_v find_v the_o great_a lake_n of_o zaire_n and_o zaflan_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n the_o karegnondi_n and_o other_o lake_n adjoin_v to_o it_o the_o length_n of_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o full_o discover_v and._n in_o the_o southern_a america_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o parime_n through_o the_o south_n part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equinoctial_a this_o be_v at_o least_o 120_o league_n in_o length_n and_o 50_o where_o broad_a our_o europe_n also_o be_v stock_v with_o a_o great_a many_o fine_a lake_n as_o in_o moscovy_n the_o ladoga_n and_o the_o onega_n and_o in_o sweden_n the_o wener_n and_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o these_o be_v the_o beruan_n in_o the_o asian_a tartary_n chiamay_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o lake_n of_o niger_n borno_n and_o guarda_fw-it in_o africa_n ontorio_n eric_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o nicaragua_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n lago_n de_fw-la los_fw-la xaraye_v cassipa_n and_o titicaca_fw-la in_o the_o southern_a america_n i_o pass_v by_o the_o lake_n of_o constance_n and_o geneva_n of_o ilman_n in_o moscovy_n the_o dead_a sea_n in_o palestine_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o of_o good_a note_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o though_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o great_a lake_n if_o compare_v to_o those_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n yet_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o foresay_a in_o bigness_n and_o as_o lake_n differ_v in_o bigness_n so_o they_o do_v in_o figure_n for_o some_o be_v round_a some_o long_a and_o other_o oval_a phil._n be_v their_o water_n sweet_a or_o not_o sophr._n it_o be_v sweet_a for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o there_o be_v some_o indeed_o who_o water_n be_v salt_n as_o the_o caspian_a sea_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o dead_a sea_n in_o palestine_n and_o this_o must_v be_v either_o by_o some_o secret_a intercourse_n they_o have_v with_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o by_o some_o salt_n spring_v thereby_o these_o lake_n be_v feed_v one_o thing_n philalethes_n be_v remarkable_a about_o the_o lake_n leman_n otherwise_o call_v the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n which_o be_v about_o 16_o league_n in_o length_n and_o 4_o broad_a where_n it_o be_v broad_a that_o whereas_o both_o lake_n and_o river_n do_v general_o decrease_v in_o summertime_n this_o lake_n swell_v most_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o that_o season_n and_o the_o chief_a reason_n they_o give_v for_o it_o be_v the_o thaw_v of_o the_o snow_n which_o come_v down_o into_o it_o from_o several_a part_n of_o the_o alps._n phil._n but_o how_o come_v the_o dead_a sea_n in_o palestine_n by_o that_o name_n sophr._n it_o be_v think_v it_o come_v to_o be_v call_v sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o length_n and_o saltness_n be_v about_o 70._o mile_n long_o and_o 16._o broad_a and_o furnish_v with_o salt_n the_o whole_a country_n but_o it_o be_v call_v the_o dead_a sea_n in_o latin_a mare_n mortuum_n either_o because_o it_o have_v no_o visible_a efflux_n or_o because_o no_o live_a creature_n be_v nourish_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bituminous_a savour_n it_o send_v forth_o from_o whence_o it_o have_v be_v call_v asphaltis_n and_o asphaltites_n near_o this_o lake_n it_o be_v that_o stand_v once_o the_o infamous_a city_n of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n before_o they_o be_v consume_v with_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o many_o river_n spring_n from_o lake_n and_o that_o lake_n be_v feed_v with_o river_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a and_o perpetual_a intercourse_n betwixt_o lake_n and_o rover_n phil._n i_o be_o now_o pretty_a well_o acquaint_v with_o lake_n and_o i_o will_v glad_o know_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v about_o the_o river_n sophr._n the_o principal_a river_n of_o europe_n be_v in_o spain_n the_o douro_n tajo_n guadiana_n guadalquivir_n and_o ebro_n in_o france_n la_fw-fr loire_n la_fw-fr seine_n le_fw-fr rhone_n la_fw-fr garonne_n in_o italy_n the_o po_n in_o germany_n the_o danube_n the_o rhine_n the_o elb_n the_o other_o and_o the_o wesel_n in_o poland_n the_o nieper_n and_o the_o duna_n in_o moscovy_n volga_n tanais_n duina_n in_o asia_n there_o be_v the_o euphrates_n in_o the_o turk_n dominion_n indus_n ganges_n and_o menan_n in_o the_o east-indies_n kiang_n and_o hoang_n in_o china_n ghammas_n according_a to_o sanson_n oby_n and_o the_o volga_n aforesaid_a in_o tartary_n in_o africa_n you_o will_v find_v nilus_n nubia_n niger_n zaire_n zambeze_n zambere_fw-la and_o rio_n de_fw-fr spiritu_fw-la santo_n or_o the_o holy-ghost_n river_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n the_o canada_n or_o st._n laurence_n rives_n chucagua_n and_o rio_n del_fw-it norto_n or_o the_o north_n river_n and_o in_o the_o southern_a the_o orenoque_n the_o amazon_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la rio_n parana_n and_o rio_n desaguadero_n among_o which_o the_o amazon_n be_v a_o most_o prodigious_a river_n and_o the_o great_a of_o the_o know_v world_n now_o there_o be_v this_o common_a among_o river_n i_o mean_v their_o wind_n and_o turn_n whereby_o the_o land_n be_v most_o convenient_o water_v and_o irrigate_v and_o the_o great_a river_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o continent_n swell_v into_o their_o bigness_n by_o the_o continual_a influx_n of_o lesser_a river_n that_o empty_a themselves_o into_o they_o as_o they_o run_v down_o their_o channel_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o all_o river_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v most_o common_o that_o further_a a_o river_n run_v from_o its_o spring_n the_o large_a it_o grow_v still_o again_o as_o some_o river_n be_v remarkable_a for_o their_o length_n and_o breadth_n so_o there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o notable_a swiftness_n as_o the_o rhone_n the_o rhine_n and_o danube_n in_o europe_n the_o euphrates_n and_o tigris_n in_o asia_n the_o zaire_n in_o africa_n the_o saguenay_n a_o river_n of_o new_a france_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n and_o the_o amazon_n in_o the_o southern_a among_o which_o the_o saguenay_n though_o but_o a_o mean_a river_n be_v report_v to_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a a_o current_n that_o it_o suffer_v not_o the_o sea_n to_o flow_v up_o its_o channel_n so_o deep_a that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o attain_v to_o a_o 100_o fathom_n and_o which_o be_v observable_a the_o same_o be_v narrow_a at_o the_o influx_n of_o it_o into_o the_o great_a canada_n than_o it_o be_v at_o the_o very_a head_n a_o thing_n quite_o contrary_a
its_o gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n lie_v northward_o of_o chili_n east_n of_o the_o south_n or_o pacifick_n sea_n and_o be_v part_v from_o north_n to_o south_n almost_o in_o the_o midst_n by_o the_o huge_a mountain_n call_v andes_n the_o country_n be_v about_o 600._o league_n in_o length_n from_o north_n to_o south_n but_o the_o breadth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v not_o proportionable_a from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o some_o can_v the_o whole_a peninfule_n by_o the_o name_n of_o peruana_n as_o they_o call_v the_o other_o from_o mexico_n mexicana_fw-la this_o great_a and_o rich_a kingdom_n be_v conquer_a by_o the_o spaniard_n ten_o year_n after_o that_o of_o mexico_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o pizarro_n be_v the_o man_n employ_v in_o chief_a in_o the_o conquest_n of_o it_o a_o man_n base_o extract_v and_o as_o sordid_o bring_v up_o who_o be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o steal_v for_o shelter_n into_o america_n where_o be_v grow_v rich_a and_o bold_a by_o his_o adventure_n and_o be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o wealth_n of_o peru_n he_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o it_o and_o at_o last_o per_fw-la fas_fw-la &_o nefas_fw-la get_v it_o for_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n since_o which_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v divide_v it_o into_o three_o audiencas_n or_o prefecture_n viz._n audienca_fw-la de_fw-fr quito_n which_o take_v up_o the_o northern_a part_n audienca_fw-la de_fw-es los_fw-es reyes_n which_o contain_v the_o middle_a part_n where_o you_o will_v find_v peru_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o audienca_fw-la de_fw-fr los_fw-es charcas_fw-es which_o take_v up_o the_o southern_a part_n by_o amazonia_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o inland_a and_o unknown_a country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o peru_n on_o the_o west_n and_o brasil_n on_o the_o east_n bound_a north-ward_n with_o terrafirma_a southward_o with_o paraguay_n and_o part_n of_o peru._n call_v amazonia_n from_o the_o amazon_n that_o great_a and_o prodigious_a river_n which_o run_v through_o the_o north_n part_v of_o this_o country_n from_o west_n to_o east_n into_o mar_n del_o nor_o or_o north_n sea_n thus_o you_o have_v philalethes_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o know_a part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o terra_fw-la polaris_fw-la arâ—ctica_fw-la you_o will_v find_v greenland_n first_o discover_v in_o the_o year_n 982_o by_o ericus_n rufus_n but_o little_a of_o it_o beside_o the_o sea-coast_n be_v know_v famous_a most_o of_o all_o for_o the_o fish_n of_o whale_n hereabout_o east_n of_o greenland_n lie_v nova_n zemla_n of_o which_o nothing_o be_v discover_v as_o yet_o beside_o the_o western_a shore_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o island_n or_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n in_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la or_o towards_o it_o you_o will_v find_v these_o country_n be_v as_o imperfect_o discover_v as_o those_o viz._n the_o land_n of_o papous_a east_n of_o the_o molucca_n and_o new_a guinea_n east_n of_o that_o but_o some_o take_v the_o land_n of_o papous_a to_o be_v part_n of_o new_a guinea_n south_n of_o these_o be_v new_a holland_n not_o long_o since_o discover_v by_o the_o hollander_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o island_n or_o continent_n we_o be_v as_o yet_o to_o seek_v phil._n i_o think_v we_o have_v run_v pretty_a well_o over_o the_o world_n it_o be_v high_a time_n for_o we_o to_o rest_v ourselves_o but_o i_o desire_v next_o time_n we_o meet_v to_o learn_v the_o mean_v of_o the_o circle_n that_o so_o i_o may_v understand_v the_o use_n of_o globe_n and_o map_n sophr._n with_o all_o my_o heart_n the_o seven_o discourse_n of_o the_o use_n of_o globe_n and_o map_n with_o their_o several_a circle_n sophronius_n in_o our_o former_a discourse_n you_o have_v have_v a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o real_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o imaginary_a one_o i_o mean_v those_o line_n or_o circle_n suppose_v to_o go_v about_o the_o world_n and_o according_o draw_v in_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n for_o the_o better_a teach_n and_o learn_v of_o geography_n phil._n pray_v let_v i_o have_v their_o definition_n sophr._n a_o globe_n be_v a_o compendious_a representation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o its_o round_a figure_n with_o several_a circle_n and_o a_o exact_a situation_n with_o the_o name_n of_o its_o several_a country_n sea_n chief_a lake_n and_o river_n hill_n town_n or_o city_n a_o map_n be_v either_o general_a or_o particular_a by_o a_o general_a map_n be_v mean_v a_o planisphere_n or_o a_o map_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n describe_v the_o old_a and_o new_a world_n by_o themselves_o the_o first_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a a_o particular_a map_n be_v a_o representation_n of_o a_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o of_o europe_n asia_n on_o africa_n the_o northern_a or_o southern_a america_n which_o be_v but_o particular_a map_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o map_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v map_n indeed_o more_o particular_a such_o as_o give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o particular_a country_n or_o of_o one_o province_n or_o more_o of_o that_o country_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o map_n of_o europe_n asia_n africa_n and_o america_n be_v say_v to_o be_v general_a and_o so_o i_o come_v to_o the_o circle_n but_o first_o i_o begin_v with_o the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v a_o right_a line_n imagine_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n from_o one_o end_n of_o it_o to_o the_o other_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o which_o axletree_n be_v call_v the_o pole_n arctic_a or_o north_n pole_n and_o the_o nether_a end_n opposite_a to_o that_o the_o pole_n antarctick_a or_o south_n pole_n phil._n how_o many_o circle_n be_v there_o sophr._n there_o be_v eight_o principal_a circle_n four_o great_a and_o four_o lesser_a the_o great_a circle_n be_v the_o equinoxial_a the_o great_a meridian_n the_o zodiac_n the_o horeon_n the_o lesser_a circle_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o arctic_a the_o antarctick_a the_o equinoctial_a otherwise_o call_v aequator_fw-la and_o by_o mariner_n the_o line_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n go_v round_o the._n globe_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n betwixt_o the_o two_o pole_n it_o be_v call_v equinoctial_a because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v come_v to_o this_o circle_n then_o be_v the_o equinox_n that_o be_v the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n and_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o aequator_fw-la because_o it_o divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o one_o northwards_o the_o other_o southwards_o from_o whence_o come_v the_o distinction_n of_o northern_a and_o southern_a latitude_n that_o reach_v from_o this_o circle_n as_o far_o as_o the_o north_n pole_n and_o this_o from_o the_o same_o circle_n as_o far_o as_o the_o south-pole_n now_o this_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360._o part_n call_v degree_n of_o longitude_n as_o show_v the_o length_n of_o the_o world_n whereof_o the_o first_o 90._o degree_n run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n than_o 180._o degree_n by_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o globe_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o at_o last_o 90._o degree_n more_o from_o west_n to_o east_n all_o which_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o 360._o degree_n the_o great_a meridian_n be_v a_o circle_n that_o go_v round_o the_o pole_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o world_n likewise_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n in_o globe_n it_o be_v make_v common_o of_o brass_n the_o same_o have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o meridian_n from_o the_o latin_a meridies_n that_o be_v noon_n day_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v come_v to_o that_o circle_n then_o it_o be_v noon_n in_o the_o place_n whereof_o it_o be_v the_o meridian_n and_o it_o be_v call_v great_a meridian_n in_o opposition_n to_o those_o lesser_a meridian_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o globe_n and_o map_n this_o be_v the_o circle_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o 360._o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o world_n divide_v into_o four_o time_n 90._o now_o the_o question_n be_v which_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a or_o first_o meridian_n to_o pass_v through_o for_o our_o modern_a geographer_n differ_v much_o about_o it_o which_o cause_v a_o great_a confusion_n some_o follow_v still_o ptolemy_n who_o place_v it_o in_o the_o canary_n island_n other_o have_v remove_v it_o more_o westward_o to_o the_o azore_n neither_o do_v these_o agree_v among_o themselves_o for_o some_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v through_o s._n michael_n and_o s._n mary_n other_o through_o corvo_n and_o flores_n for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v admire_v a_o innovation_n that_o cause_v so_o much_o distraction_n and_o whatever_o they_o pretend_v to_o the_o remedy_n to_o be_v sure_o be_v worse_a than_o the_o disease_n therefore_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v wish_v
rhodes_n lie_v westward_o from_o it_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n you_o will_v find_v beside_o ceylan_n a_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o east-indies_n these_o follow_v incomparable_o big_a viz._n borneo_n sumatra_n java_n celebe_n mindanao_n lucon_n or_o manille_n and_o east_n of_o china_n japan_n africa_n can_v boast_v of_o any_o great_a island_n beside_o that_o of_o madagascar_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o vast_a island_n lie_v south-east-ward_n in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n you_o will_v find_v near_o the_o month_n of_o the_o river_n canada_n a_o great_a island_n call_v newfoundland_n and_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n cuba_n and_o hispaniola_n west_n of_o mare_n vermejo_n or_o the_o vermilion_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o island_n as_o big_a as_o those_o three_o which_o be_v call_v california_n and_o south_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v also_o a_o large_a island_n call_v terra_fw-la del_fw-it fuego_fw-it or_o the_o land_n of_o fire_n the_o rest_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v in_o bigness_n to_o any_o of_o those_o but_o towards_o terra_fw-la borealis_fw-la north_n of_o america_n you_o will_v find_v three_o great_a but_o wild_a island_n call_v cumberland_n isle_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o strait_n of_o hudson_n and_o davis_n and_o another_o near_a furbisher_n strait_n further_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v iseland_n another_o great_a island_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v but_o thin_o inhabit_a the_o arctic_a circle_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o phil._n what_o do_v you_o think_v sophronius_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n be_v they_o not_o surround_v with_o the_o sea_n sophr._n they_o be_v so_o but_o because_o of_o their_o vast_a extent_n they_o be_v usual_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o continent_n phil._n i_o have_v hear_v say_v of_o sicily_n that_o it_o be_v credible_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n join_v to_o italy_n pray_v what_o ground_n be_v there_o for_o it_o sophr._n the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o strait_n and_o the_o shallowness_n of_o it_o beside_o that_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o brittle_a first_o the_o straight_a be_v so_o narrow_a that_o where_o narrow_a it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o the_o take_n of_o messina_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n save_v themselves_o by_o swim_v over_o into_o italy_n second_o it_o be_v so_o shallow_a that_o upon_o a_o diligent_a sound_a be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v above_o eight_o fathom_n deep_a three_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n be_v so_o very_o brittle_a and_o so_o full_a of_o hollow_a cavern_n and_o chink_n that_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o work_a sea_n on_o this_o separation_n to_o which_o add_v that_o on_o the_o italian_a coast_n there_o stand_v a_o city_n of_o old_a call_v rhegium_n and_o now_o regio_n from_o the_o greek_a verb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o break_v off_o or_o pull_v asunder_o suppose_v to_o be_v so_o call_v upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o poet_n themselves_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v as_o much_o when_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o neptune_n with_o his_o trident_n break_v this_o island_n off_o from_o the_o continent_n in_o savour_n of_o jocastus_n the_o son_n of_o aeolus_n that_o so_o he_o may_v inhabit_v there_o with_o the_o great_a safety_n and_o indeed_o if_o by_o neptune_n we_o understand_v the_o sea_n and_o by_o aeolus_n the_o wind_n we_o may_v easy_o with_o some_o help_n from_o the_o mythologist_n make_v a_o story_n good_a enough_o of_o that_o poetical_a fiction_n phil._n by_o what_o you_o say_v the_o thing_n seem_v very_o probable_a and_o who_o know_v but_o that_o our_o island_n here_o be_v once_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n of_o france_n and_o break_v off_o from_o it_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o bluster_a wind_n or_o perhaps_o by_o some_o earthquake_n it_o be_v you_o know_v but_o twenty_o mile_n over_o sophr._n that_o be_v a_o great_a way_n philalethes_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o that_o distance_n as_o the_o great_a argument_n against_o it_o though_o i_o know_v there_o be_v those_o who_o be_v apt_a to_o believe_v it_o but_o let_v there_o be_v a_o demur_n upon_o that_o subject_a and_o if_o you_o will_v let_v we_o now_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o chief_a peninsules_a first_o i_o begin_v with_o africa_n the_o large_a and_o true_a peninsule_n of_o all_o be_v every_o where_o surround_v with_o sea_n except_o where_o it_o join_v to_o asia_n by_o the_o narrow_a isthmus_n of_o sue_v as_o for_o europe_n and_o asia_n you_o may_v call_v they_o if_o you_o will_v peninsules_a but_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o africa_n for_o though_o they_o be_v almost_o surround_v with_o sea_n yet_o there_o be_v more_o than_o a_o isthmus_n in_o the_o case_n europe_n be_v join_v to_o asia_n a_o good_a way_n by_o land_n and_o this_o last_o beside_o to_o africa_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a isthmus_n but_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a america_n make_v of_o themselves_o two_o large_a and_o perfect_a peninsules_a every_o where_o encompass_v with_o sea_n but_o where_o they_o join_v together_o in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n beside_o those_o great_a peninsules_a there_o be_v other_o of_o a_o less_o compass_n and_o yet_o much_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o 1._o jutland_o in_o denmark_n know_v among_o the_o ancient_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n chersonesus_n be_v original_o a_o greek_a word_n for_o a_o peninsule_n 2._o the_o taurick_n chersonese_n from_o the_o latin_a taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o be_v proper_o the_o european_a tartary_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o palus_n maeotis_n 3._o the_o thracian_a chersonese_n from_o the_o latin_a thracica_n chersonesus_n a_o peninsule_n which_o run_v north_n from_o the_o hellespont_n in_o greece_n 4._o morea_n former_o call_v peloponesus_fw-la in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o greece_n this_o peninsule_n be_v join_v but_o by_o a_o very_a little_a isthmus_n call_v the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n to_o the_o continent_n of_o greece_n 5._o the_o golden_a chersonese_n from_o the_o latin_a aurea_n chersonesus_n a_o famous_a peninsule_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o now_o lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o malacca_n and_o the_o south_n part_n of_o that_o of_o siam_n 6._o the_o peninsule_n of_o corea_n in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o china_n 7._o those_o of_o acadia_n florida_n and_o yucatan_n in_o the_o northern_a america_n the_o first_o lie_v southward_o of_o st._n laurence_n gulf_n the_o second_o in_o florida_n north_n of_o the_o island_n cuba_n and_o the_o three_o be_v part_n of_o mexico_n or_o new_a spain_n now_o among_o the_o istmus_n that_o join_v these_o peninsules_a to_o their_o several_a continent_n there_o be_v three_o of_o special_a note_n viz._n the_o isthmus_n of_o sue_v the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n and_o that_o of_o panama_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a first_o as_o to_o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o design_n of_o old_a to_o cut_v it_o through_o be_v but_o six_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o so_o make_v a_o perfect_a island_n of_o morea_n this_o be_v attempt_v but_o in_o vain_a first_o by_o demetrius_n king_n of_o macedon_n then_o by_o julius_n caesar_n afterward_o by_o caius_n caligula_n and_o most_o of_o all_o by_o the_o emperor_n nero._n who_o to_o hearten_v his_o soldier_n take_v himself_o a_o spade_n in_o hand_n and_o begin_v the_o work_n but_o at_o last_o they_o be_v fright_v with_o the_o blood_n which_o abundant_o break_v forth_o with_o the_o groan_n and_o roar_n they_o continual_o hear_v and_o with_o the_o hobgoblin_n and_o fury_n which_o be_v always_o in_o their_o sight_n as_o if_o god_n have_v not_o be_v please_v with_o so_o proud_a a_o enterprise_n persuade_v the_o emperor_n to_o give_v over_o this_o unprofitable_a design_n as_o have_v do_v the_o former_a prince_n on_o the_o like_a discouragement_n as_o to_o that_o of_o panama_n which_o be_v twenty_o league_n in_o breadth_n a_o small_a ligament_n for_o so_o great_a a_o body_n as_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a america_n there_o have_v be_v also_o some_o thought_n of_o cut_v a_o navigable_a channel_n through_o that_o isthmus_n whereby_o those_o two_o peninsules_a shall_v be_v turn_v into_o island_n and_o the_o long_a voyage_n to_o china_n and_o the_o molucca_n might_n be_v very_o much_o shorten_v the_o thing_n itself_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o move_v to_o the_o council_n of_o spain_n but_o it_o be_v not_o think_v convenient_a to_o attempt_v it_o in_o egypt_n sesostris_n king_n of_o that_o country_n attempt_v to_o cut_v a_o main_a channel_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n to_o the_o river_n nilus_n fit_a for_o ship_n of_o great_a burden_n the_o mark_n of_o which_o proud_a attempt_n be_v remain_v still_o his_o project_n be_v second_v
armiro_n salonichi_n aiomama_n or_o st._n anna_n monte_fw-fr santo_n contessa_n and_o caridia_n all_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o greece_n as_o to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n beside_o the_o great_a gulf_n of_o bothnia_n and_o finland_n in_o which_o it_o end_v those_o of_o most_o note_n be_v the_o gulf_n of_o lubeck_n dantzick_n and_o riga_n and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o streights_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o streights_n some_o that_o afford_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o another_o some_o out_o of_o the_o ocean_n into_o a_o inland_a sea_n and_o other_o out_o of_o one_o inland_a sea_n into_o another_o phil._n pray_v let_v we_o have_v they_o all_o together_o sophr._n as_o to_o those_o that_o make_v way_n from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o another_o there_o be_v none_o of_o note_n either_o in_o europe_n or_o africa_n unless_o we_o shall_v reckon_v in_o europe_n the_o channel_n for_o one_o and_o the_o irish_a sea_n for_o another_o in_o asia_n there_o be_v many_o as_o the_o strait_n of_o weygatz_n betwixt_o nova_n zemla_n in_o terra_fw-la borealis_fw-la and_o some_o north_n part_v of_o the_o asian_a tartary_n of_o uriez_n near_o the_o land_n of_o jesso_n of_o zungar_n betwixt_o japon_n and_o yupi_n in_o tartary_n of_o manille_n south_n of_o a_o great_a island_n of_o that_o name_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o philippine_n of_o macassar_n south_n of_o celebe_n another_o great_a island_n in_o the_o indian_a sea_n of_o palambua_n east_n of_o the_o great_a island_n call_v java_n of_o bantam_n betwixt_o java_n and_o sumatra_n of_o malacca_n betwixt_o malacca_n in_o the_o golden_a chersonese_n and_o the_o island_n sumatra_n and_o last_o of_o chilao_n betwixt_o the_o indian_a peninsule_n on_o this_o side_n ganges_n and_o the_o island_n call_v ceylon_n in_o america_n there_o be_v the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a america_n and_o del_o fuego_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v mare_n vermejo_n or_o the_o vermilion_a sea_n betwixt_o new_a mexico_n a_o island_n of_o california_n which_o though_o never_o so_o long_o be_v proper_o but_o a_o straight_a of_o this_o nature_n those_o that_o make_v way_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o inland_a sea_n be_v in_o europe_n the_o sund_n which_o give_v a_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a and_o betwixt_o europe_n and_o africa_n the_o famous_a strait_n of_o gibraltar_n otherwise_o call_v only_o the_o strait_n which_o be_v a_o inlet_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a in_o asia_n there_o be_v the_o strait_n of_o babelmandel_n which_o afford_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o of_o mossandan_n into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n north_n of_o america_n you_o will_v find_v the_o strait_n of_o davis_n that_o lead_v into_o baffin_n bay_n and_o that_o of_o hudson_n which_o bring_v one_o into_o hudson_n bay_n last_o there_o be_v three_o strait_n that_o afford_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o one_o inland_a sea_n into_o another_o viz._n the_o hellespont_n now_o call_v the_o strait_n of_o gallipoli_n and_o by_o the_o french_a les_fw-fr dardanelles_n or_o le_fw-fr bras_fw-fr s._n george_n betwixt_o the_o archipelago_n and_o the_o propontis_n or_o sea_n of_o marmora_fw-la then_o the_o thracian_a bosphorus_n or_o the_o strait_n of_o constantinople_n betwixt_o the_o say_a propontis_n and_o the_o euxine_a or_o black_a sea_n three_o bosphorus_n cimmerius_n now_o the_o strait_n of_o caffa_n betwixt_o that_o sea_n and_o palus_n maeotis_n phil._n be_v not_o the_o hellespont_n that_o little_a channel_n about_o a_o mile_n broad_a over_o which_o the_o persian_a king_n xerxes_n intend_v to_o invade_v all_o greece_n make_v a_o bridge_n of_o ship_n and_o so_o waste_v over_o his_o propigious_a army_n of_o above_o two_o million_o of_o man_n sophr._n the_o very_a same_o but_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n be_v rise_v whereby_o this_o prodigious_a bridg_n be_v dangerous_o batter_v xerxes_n be_v so_o incense_v against_o this_o sea_n that_o he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v beat_v with_o 300._o stripe_n and_o cast_v a_o pair_n of_o fetter_n into_o it_o to_o make_v it_o know_v to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a yet_o at_o last_o his_o fleet_n be_v so_o break_v both_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o fly_v away_o over_o this_o hellespont_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o poor_a fisherboat_n phil._n so_o the_o proud_a king_n be_v fain_o to_o stoop_v at_o last_o and_o run_v away_o with_o shame_n a_o very_a fit_a reward_n for_o so_o extravagant_a a_o pride_n sophr._n thus_o have_v take_v a_o survey_n of_o the_o sea_n gulf_n and_o strait_n now_o we_o shall_v make_v if_o you_o think_v fit_a some_o useful_a reflection_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o examine_v its_o height_n depth_n colour_n taste_n and_o several_a motion_n phil._n do_v you_o believe_v sophronius_n the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n or_o no_o sophr._n there_o be_v many_o that_o do_v and_o who_o conclude_v it_o therefore_o a_o miracle_n that_o the_o land_n be_v not_o overflow_v for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v allow_v of_o a_o globosity_n in_o the_o sea_n but_o not_o such_o as_o may_v endanger_v the_o land_n except_o where_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o seaside_n be_v low_a than_o ordinary_a and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o inhabitant_n true_o do_v it_o rely_v upon_o miracle_n but_o be_v fain_o to_o raise_v bank_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v a_o invasion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o never_o fail_v to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o land_n when_o there_o be_v any_o way_n for_o it_o but_o the_o very_a course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o to_o the_o sea_n do_v manifest_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v no_o high_o than_o the_o land_n but_o rather_o low_a in_o short_a we_o must_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o river_n that_o will_v certain_o come_v down_o into_o their_o channel_n and_o drown_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o the_o river_n so_o natural_a it_o be_v for_o water_n where_o there_o be_v the_o least_o descent_n to_o move_v that_o way_n one_o part_n follow_v still_o another_o without_o intermission_n phil._n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v as_o to_o this_o point_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v if_o you_o please_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n sophr._n it_o be_v depth_n be_v very_o unequal_a for_o as_o the_o land_n have_v hill_n both_o great_a and_o small_a valley_n and_o precipice_n so_o there_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n shelf_n rock_n whirlpool_n and_o place_n not_o to_o be_v fadomed_a to_o be_v short_a the_o further_a from_o land_n be_v the_o sea_n the_o deep_a it_o be_v common_o and_o in_o some_o place_n it_o have_v be_v find_v no_o less_o than_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n deep_a as_o for_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o appear_v general_o to_o be_v of_o a_o sky-colour_n but_o northward_o it_o look_v darkish_a in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n brownish_a and_o in_o some_o other_o place_n whitish_a and_o yellowish_a phil._n i_o wonder_v sophronius_n you_o shall_v forget_v the_o red_a colour_n among_o all_o the_o rest_n or_o else_o how_o come_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o be_v so_o call_v sophr._n not_o from_o the_o redness_n of_o the_o water_n nor_o from_o that_o of_o the_o sand_n as_o some_o conceive_v the_o sea_n and_o sands_n be_v find_v by_o latter_a observation_n to_o be_v colour_v here_o as_o in_o other_o place_n but_o you_o must_v know_v this_o sea_n be_v original_o call_v the_o sea_n of_o edom_n because_o it_o take_v beginning_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o that_o country_n now_o edom_n in_o hebrew_a signify_v red_a as_o appear_v gen_n 25.30_o a_o nickname_n first_o give_v to_o esau_n and_o from_o he_o afterward_o to_o mount_n seir_n or_o the_o land_n of_o edom_n gen._n 36.31_o and_o then_o to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n which_o by_o the_o greek_n be_v render_v erythraeum_n and_o by_o the_o latin_v rubrum_n whence_o the_o name_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n become_v know_v to_o all_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n to_o few_o so_o the_o white_a sea_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n be_v probable_o so_o call_v because_o it_o wash_v the_o shore_n of_o white_n russia_n or_o moscovy_n for_o i_o guess_v it_o must_v be_v from_o hence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o bella_fw-la more_o and_o we_o according_o white_a sea_n i_o be_o sure_a by_o my_o own_o experience_n that_o it_o can_v be_v from_o any_o whiteness_n it_o have_v neither_o have_v the_o black_a sea_n take_v that_o name_n from_o its_o blackness_n but_o either_o from_o the_o great_a mist_n that_o arise_v from_o thence_o or_o from_o the_o frequent_a shipwreck_n that_o happen_v there_o the_o shore_n be_v very_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o rock_n and_o sand_n how_o mare_n vermejo_n or_o the_o vermilion_a sea_n that_o
to_o the_o general_a rule_n some_o river_n run_v under_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o course_n and_o at_o last_o come_v up_o again_o as_o new_a river_n such_o be_v the_o guadiana_n and_o the_o rhone_n in_o europe_n tigris_n in_o asia_n niger_n and_o nubia_n in_o africa_n some_o spread_v themselves_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lake_n as_o the_o tanais_n and_o oby_n and_o other_o across_o a_o lake_n with_o so_o swift_a a_o course_n that_o they_o preserve_v themselves_o distinct_a from_o the_o water_n of_o it_o as_o the._n rhone_n aforesaid_a which_o come_v down_o the_o alps_n fall_v into_o the_o lake_n leman_n and_o have_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n come_v out_o at_o geneva_n some_o river_n have_v great_a cataract_n or_o fall_v as_o the_o rhine_n betwixt_o bilefelt_n and_o shaffausen_n the_o rhone_n betwixt_o geneva_n and_o lion_n and_o la_fw-fr somme_n betwixt_o amiens_n and_o abbeville_n so_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o river_n nilus_n in_o africa_n that_o in_o two_o several_a place_n it_o fall_v among_o rock_n with_o so_o terrible_a a_o noise_n that_o the_o neighbour_a people_n grow_v deaf_a with_o it_o phil._n pray_v let_v we_o hear_v something_o of_o their_o fall_n into_o the_o sea_n sophr._n many_o of_o the_o great_a river_n fall_v in_o through_o several_a mouth_n as_o the_o danube_n and_o nilus_n which_o have_v no_o less_o than_o seven_o each_o of_o they_o and_o olearius_n in_o his_o travel_n through_o tartary_n to_o persia_n tell_v we_o of_o 70._o mouth_n through_o which_o the_o river_n volga_n that_o i_o have_v be_v upon_o several_a time_n disburden_v itself_o after_o a_o wind_a course_n of_o a_o thousand_o league_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o there_o be_v some_o river_n and_o common_o small_a one_o that_o neither_o fall_n into_o other_o river_n nor_o yet_o into_o the_o sea_n but_o either_o lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o ground_n or_o turn_v into_o a_o lake_n phil._n be_v all_o river_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o we_o be_v sophr._n they_o be_v general_o so_o but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n some_o whitish_a and_o other_o radish_n of_o this_o last_o sort_n be_v the_o adonis_n a_o river_n of_o phoenicia_n in_o syria_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o mount_n libanus_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n 6._o mile_n south_n of_o barut_n this_o river_n in_o summertime_n use_v to_o contract_v a_o kind_n of_o redness_n occasion_v by_o the_o wind_n which_o then_o blow_v most_o vehement_o do_v thereby_o carry_v down_o the_o stream_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o minium_n or_o red_a earth_n from_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n wherewith_o the_o water_n be_v discolour_v phil._n be_v not_o this_o the_o river_n which_o be_v report_v as_o lucian_n have_v it_o to_o stream_n blood_n when_o the_o obsequy_n of_o adonis_n the_o darling_n of_o venus_n be_v yearly_o celebrate_v sophr._n the_o very_a same_o thus_o a_o natural_a accident_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o give_v the_o better_a colour_n to_o the_o superstition_n as_o if_o adonis_n wound_n do_v bleed_v every_o year_n phil._n now_o as_o to_o the_o taste_n of_o riverwater_n be_v all_o river_n sweet_a as_o we_o be_v sophr._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o all_o river_n subject_n to_o the_o tide_n have_v a_o taste_n of_o the_o sea-water_n especial_o near_o their_o fall_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o far_o as_o the_o tide_n go_v they_o have_v a_o brackish_a kind_n of_o taste_n but_o there_o be_v other_o river_n that_o have_v a_o brackish_a and_o mineral_n taste_v upon_o another_o account_n that_o be_v from_o such_o mineral_n as_o they_o meet_v in_o their_o course_n phil._n you_o know_v that_o river_n be_v apt_a to_o overflow_v after_o a_o great_a rain_n or_o thaw_v as_o it_o frequent_o happen_v either_o at_o the_o beginning_n or_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n but_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o more_o general_a and_o constant_a overflow_a of_o some_o great_a river_n beyond_o sea_n which_o i_o much_o admire_v at_o sophr._n it_o be_v this_o overflow_n upon_o which_o depend_v the_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o those_o country_n and_o the_o river_n nilus_n among_o other_o be_v as_o famous_a for_o that_o as_o it_o be_v for_o its_o crocodile_n in_o may_n say_v thevenot_n it_o begin_v to_o flow_v and_o so_o increase_v every_o day_n some_o inch_n till_o die_v latter_a end_n of_o september_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o fall_v and_o be_v as_o long_o ebb_v as_o flow_v in_o the_o year_n 1658._o it_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o same_o author_n who_o be_v then_o in_o the_o great_a cairo_n to_o the_o height_n of_o almost_o 22_o pic_n each_o picinino_n at_o 24_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o river_n begin_v to_o decrease_v the_o 23d_o of_o september_n phil._n what_o become_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o cattle_n during_o this_o great_a land-flood_n for_o egypt_n at_o that_o time_n must_v needs_o look_v like_o a_o sea_n sophr._n they_o retire_v upon_o hill_n and_o there_o abide_v till_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o water_n hold_v still_o a_o commerce_n by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o bo_n now_o as_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o we_o have_v some_o year_n too_o wet_a and_o other_o too_o dry_a so_o if_o nilus_n overflow_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a egypt_n do_v suffer_v for_o it_o unless_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o pic_n it_o be_v a_o bad_a year_n and_o when_o it_o do_v rise_v to_o 24._o it_o be_v as_o bad_a but_o if_o it_o chance_v at_o any_o time_n not_o to_o overflow_v at_o all_o it_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o for_o than_o it_o do_v not_o only_o presage_v a_o famine_n in_o egypt_n but_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o prognosticate_v a_o change_n in_o the_o state_n and_o according_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o the_o ten_o and_o eleven_o year_n of_o cleopatra_n a_o little_a before_o her_o fall_n with_o her_o sweetheart_n antonius_n the_o river_n increase_v not_o at_o all_o phil._n this_o be_v indeed_o very_o remarkable_a but_o when_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n be_v withdraw_v to_o its_o natural_a channel_n i_o suppose_v the_o ground_n be_v very_o slimy_a have_v lie_v so_o long_o under_o water_n sophr._n so_o very_o slimy_a that_o whereas_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o dung_n our_o ground_n the_o egyptian_n throw_v sand_n upon_o they_o before_o they_o sow_v or_o plant_v any_o thing_n and_o of_o this_o slime_n be_v engender_v many_o live_a creature_n and_o as_o some_o say_v such_o innumerable_a heap_n of_o frog_n that_o if_o the_o country_n be_v not_o furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o stork_n by_o who_o they_o be_v greedy_o devour_v the_o plague_n of_o frog_n will_v come_v a_o second_o time_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n phil._n be_v it_o true_a that_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o egypt_n sophr._n it_o be_v a_o vulgar_a error_n strong_o confute_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr thevenot_n who_o affirm_v that_o it_o rain_v much_o in_o alexandria_n and_o rosetta_n but_o not_o indeed_o so_o much_o in_o the_o city_n of_o cairo_n however_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v see_v it_o rain_n there_o two_o day_n together_o very_o hard_o and_o with_o great_a thunderclaps_a in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n the_o six_o discourse_n of_o the_o national_a tart_n of_o the_o earth_n sophr_n beside_o the_o natural_a division_n of_o the_o world_n into_o earth_n and_o water_n there_o be_v a_o national_a division_n of_o it_o which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o our_o present_a discourse_n and_o to_o make_v it_o clear_a to_o you_o you_o must_v know_v first_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o principal_a part_n the_o know_a and_o the_o unknown_a world_n the_o unknown_a world_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v yet_o unknown_a to_o we_o lie_v about_o the_o pole_n but_o the_o great_a part_n towards_o the_o southern_a pole_n that_o part_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a terra_fw-la borealis_fw-la or_o terra_fw-la polaris_fw-la arctica_fw-la and_o the_o other_o part_n that_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n terra_fw-la australis_fw-la or_o terra_fw-la polaris_fw-la antarctica_n the_o know_a world_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n europe_n asia_n africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v a_o most_o unequal_a division_n and_o i_o think_v it_o more_o rational_a to_o divide_v it_o thus_o viz._n the_o know_a world_n first_o into_o two_o part_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a world_n then_o the_o old_a world_n into_o three_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n and_o the_o new_a into_o two_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a america_n for_o as_o the_o old_a world_n do_v visible_o consist_v of_o three_o distinct_a peninsules_a so_o be_v
the_o ancient_n under_o the_o name_n of_o aethiopia_n inferior_n zanguebar_v and_o abissinia_n under_o that_o of_o aethiopia_n superior_n congo_n contain_v several_a kingdom_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o mention_v because_o of_o no_o great_a note_n cafraric_n be_v a_o sea-coast_n country_n that_o extend_v itself_o from_o angola_n part_n of_o congo_n as_o far_o as_o the_o cape_n of_o good_n hope_v southward_o and_o from_o thence_o as_o far_o as_o zanguebar_v eastward_o monomotapa_n and_o monomugi_n be_v two_o inland_a country_n be_v of_o africa_n lie_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o cafraria_n but_o zanguebar_v be_v a_o sea-coast_n country_n towards_o the_o east_n abissinia_n be_v a_o vast_a empire_n divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n and_o whereof_o the_o western_a part_n be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n nilus_n nubia_n ly_n west_n and_o north_n of_o abissinia_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o barca_n or_o libya_n marmarica_n north_n of_o nubia_n egypt_n which_o next_o to_o barbary_n be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o frequent_v country_n of_o africa_n be_v bound_v eastward_o with_o the_o isthmus_n of_o sue_v and_o the_o red-sea_n westward_o with_o barca_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o that_o name_n northward_o with_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o southward_o with_o nubia_n and_o abissinia_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o old_a world_n and_o now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o new_a otherwise_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o america_n or_o else_o the_o west_n indies_n phil._n i_o remember_v you_o tell_v i_o before_o the_o new_a world_n be_v call_v new_a for_o the_o late_a discovery_n and_o world_n for_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o it_o pray_v how_o long_o be_v it_o since_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v sophr._n it_o be_v almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o the_o first_o discoverer_n of_o it_o be_v christopher_n columbus_n a_o italian_a bear_v of_o genoa_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o bear_v to_o undertake_v great_a matter_n can_v not_o persuade_v himself_o when_o he_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o there_o be_v another_o world_n to_o which_o this_o glorious_a planet_n do_v impart_v both_o his_o light_n and_o heat_n when_o he_o go_v from_o we_o this_o world_n he_o resolve_v to_o seek_v after_o and_z according_o in_o the_o year_n 1486._o he_o open_v his_o design_n to_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n but_o the_o business_n be_v slight_v there_o he_o send_v his_o brother_n to_o the_o court_n of_o england_n who_o unlucky_o fall_v in_o his_o way_n hither_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o pirate_n and_o be_v by_o they_o detain_v a_o long_a while_n however_o he_o get_v his_o liberty_n at_o last_o and_o so_o come_v over_o to_o england_n where_o his_o proposition_n be_v so_o well_o relish_v that_o columbus_n be_v send_v for_o to_o take_v measure_n with_o he_o but_o he_o not_o have_v hear_v a_o long_a time_n from_o his_o brother_n conceive_v the_o offer_n of_o his_o service_n to_o have_v be_v neglect_v and_o have_v already_o make_v his_o address_n to_o the_o court_n of_o spain_n at_o that_o time_n reign_v king_n henry_n vii_o here_o and_z queen_n isabella_z in_o spain_n where_o columbus_n at_o last_o with_o much_o ado_n and_o after_o many_o delay_n have_v three_o ship_n furnish_v not_o so_o much_o for_o conquest_n as_o for_o discovery_n phil._n how_o come_v he_o at_o last_o to_o compass_v his_o design_n sophr._n be_v furnish_v with_o the_o ship_n aforesaid_a he_o venture_v upon_o the_o main_a ocean_n steer_v his_o course_n to_o the_o westward_n two_o whole_a month_n do_v he_o float_v upon_o this_o unknown_a sea_n before_o he_o can_v see_v any_o land_n insomuch_o that_o his_o man_n begin_v to_o mutiny_n and_o refuse_v at_o last_o to_o go_v on_o he_o promise_v they_o to_o return_v again_o if_o they_o do_v not_o see_v land_n in_o three_o day_n they_o agree_v and_o as_o providence_n will_v have_v it_o on_o the_o three_o day_n they_o discover_v the_o island_n guanahani_n in_o the_o 24_o degree_n of_o northern_a latititude_n there_o have_v land_a he_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o for_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n october_n 11._o anno_fw-la 1492._o and_o call_v it_o st._n salvador_n which_o be_v s._n saviour_n afterward_o he_o discover_v and_o take_v possession_n of_o hispaniola_n and_o with_o much_o treasure_n and_o applause_n return_v into_o spain_n prefer_v for_o this_o good_a service_n first_o to_o be_v admiral_n of_o these_o indies_n and_o afterward_o to_o a_o coat_n of_o arm_n with_o this_o motto_n for_o castille_n and_o leon_n columbus_n have_v get_v a_o new_a world_n and_o in_o conclusion_n to_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vega._n the_o next_o year_n he_o return_v thither_o discover_v the_o island_n of_o cuba_n jamaica_n and_o hispaniola_n and_o in_o this_o last_o build_v the_o town_n now_o call_v st._n domingo_n in_o the_o year_n 1497._o the_o same_o year_n that_o vasquez_n de_fw-fr gama_n find_v out_o the_o passage_n by_o sea_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n a_o happy_a time_n for_o discovery_n he_o go_v another_o voyage_n in_o which_o he_o discover_v among_o other_o place_n paria_fw-la in_o the_o firm_a land_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1500._o he_o begin_v his_o four_o and_o last_o voyage_n which_o he_o perform_v without_o add_v much_o to_o his_o former_a discovery_n at_o last_o he_o die_v in_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1506_o and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v at_o sevil._n but_o though_o columbus_n be_v dead_a yet_o columbus_n fame_n shall_v live_v to_o all_o posterity_n it_o be_v he_o we_o be_v indebt_v to_o for_o the_o advantage_n we_o have_v of_o see_v clear_o those_o thing_n which_o either_o be_v unknown_a or_o but_o blind_o guess_v at_o by_o the_o ancient_n next_o to_o columbus_n john_n cabot_n a_o venetian_a the_o father_n of_o sebastian_n cabot_n discover_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o continent_n in_o behalf_n of_o henry_n vii_o of_o england_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1497._o he_o find_v out_o all_o the_o north-east_n coast_n hereof_o from_o florida_n southward_o to_o newfoundland_n and_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it laborador_n in_o the_o north._n then_o come_v americus_n vesputius_n a_o florentine_a employ_v therein_o by_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n anno_fw-la 1501._o on_o a_o design_n of_o find_v out_o a_o near_a way_n to_o the_o molucca_n than_o by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o though_o he_o pass_v not_o further_o than_o the_o cape_n of_o st._n augustine_n in_o brasil_n yet_o from_o he_o to_o the_o great_a injury_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o first_o discoverer_n this_o continent_n have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o america_n sic_fw-la vos_fw-fr non_fw-la vobis_fw-la fertis_fw-la aratra_fw-la boves_fw-la phil._n indeed_o this_o be_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o ingratitude_n but_o usus_fw-la invaluit_fw-la and_o now_o it_o be_v past_a cure_n sophr._n i_o have_v but_o this_o more_o to_o tell_v you_o upon_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discovery_n that_o after_o americus_n there_o come_v several_a private_a adventurer_n and_o undertaker_n out_o of_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n border_v on_o the_o ocean_n among_o who_o magellan_n be_v the_o first_o that_o compass_v the_o whole_a world_n and_o find_v the_o south_n passage_n call_v from_o he_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n wherein_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o drake_n and_o cavendish_n of_o england_n thus_o this_o new_a world_n become_v a_o prey_n to_o europe_n but_o to_o spain_n especial_o thus_o the_o native_n be_v invade_v and_o till_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n v._o million_o of_o they_o destroy_v by_o the_o spaniard_n cruelty_n who_o to_o secure_v their_o usurpation_n and_o satiate_v their_o avarice_n lay_v aside_o all_o sense_n of_o religion_n and_o humanity_n itself_o and_o so_o make_v christianity_n a_o bugbear_n to_o those_o naked_a heathen_n auri_fw-la sacra_fw-la fame_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la mortalia_fw-la cogis_fw-la pectora_fw-la but_o the_o blood_n of_o these_o poor_a people_n cry'_v for_o vengeance_n still_o and_o it_o be_v observable_a already_o how_o the_o monarchy_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v so_o formidable_a but_o in_o the_o last_o century_n have_v be_v almost_o ever_o since_o charles_n the_o five_o time_n in_o a_o decline_a condition_n first_o overpowr_v by_o the_o hollander_n then_o by_o the_o english_a and_o late_o by_o the_o french_a phil._n i_o love_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o great_a men._n pray_v what_o be_v that_o magellan_n who_o first_o sail_v round_o about_o the_o world_n sophr._n he_o be_v a_o noble_a portugueze_n well_o skill_v in_o navigation_n who_o upon_o some_o discontent_n receive_v in_o the_o court_n of_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n make_v offer_v of_o his_o service_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o undertake_v the_o find_v out_o a_o short_a cut_n to_o the_o molucca_n than_o have_v be_v discover_v which_o he_o effect_v in_o the_o year_n 1520._o by_o his_o discovery_n of_o those_o narrow_a sea_n from_o he_o call_v