expel_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o county_n of_o mirandola_n hold_v by_o the_o family_n of_o pici._n the_o duchy_n of_o montferrat_n sometime_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o paleologi_fw-la be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n there_o stand_v cazal_n of_o st._n vaast_n the_o so_o much_o dispute_v place_n the_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o luca_n in_o toscana_n between_o the_o two_o state_n of_o florence_n and_o genoa_n beside_o these_o two_o estate_n be_v attribute_v to_o italy_n though_o far_o from_o it_o the_o one_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o ragousa_n in_o slavonia_n upon_o the_o golph_n in_o old_a time_n call_v epidaurus_n it_o be_v sovereign_a yet_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n her_o next_o neighbour_n a_o tribute_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o sequin_n yearly_a the_o other_o estate_n be_v malta_n with_o the_o next_o island_n goza_n possess_v by_o the_o religion_n of_o saint_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n but_o that_o prince_n have_v but_o 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nia_fw-la thracia_n with_o the_o great_a city_n of_o constantinople_n near_o to_o the_o river_n of_o danubius_n and_o above_o the_o mountain_n of_o thracia_n he_o hold_v bulgaria_n and_o servia_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a misiae_fw-la bossena_n great_a part_n of_o hungary_n as_o far_o as_o grand_fw-mi or_o strigonium_n near_o the_o town_n of_o commorra_n and_o part_n of_o slavonia_n and_o dalmatia_n by_o those_o more_o occidental_a country_n he_o touch_v the_o land_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beyond_o danubius_n he_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o three_o vaivode_n or_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n moldavia_n and_o walachia_n the_o turk_n hold_v also_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n from_o candia_n to_o pontus_n euxinus_n beyond_o the_o mouth_n of_o danubius_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o pont_n euxin_n he_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n tyrus_n or_o niestra_n and_o high_o in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o town_n of_o cafa_o in_o old_a time_n theodosia_n his_o dominion_n on_o that_o side_n butt_v upon_o the_o river_n tanais_n where_o his_o frontier_n be_v the_o town_n of_o assou_n take_v about_o ten_o year_n ago_o upon_o the_o muscovite_n in_o all_o that_o tract_n though_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n govern_v most_o part_n of_o his_o people_n profess_v the_o religion_n of_o christ_n under_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n in_o hungary_n bossena_n and_o servia_n transylvania_n be_v protestant_n paragraphe_n vii_o above_o pont_n euxin_n towards_o meotides_n paludes_n there_o be_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o country_n border_v upon_o podolia_n and_o muscovia_n and_o within_o that_o sea_n be_v that_o peninsula_n sometime_o call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n now_o precops_n all_o that_o tract_n be_v call_v tartary_n precopensis_n or_o the_o crim_n tartar_n or_o about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o a_o herd_n for_o army_n of_o yartar_n invade_v that_o country_n it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o considerable_a state_n of_o europe_n possess_v by_o a_o mahometan_a prince_n name_v cantemiro_n it_o border_v upon_o the_o turk_n towards_o pont_n euxin_n and_o be_v in_o league_n with_o they_o westward_o it_o join_v with_o poland_n northwards_o with_o muscovia_n and_o have_v war_n almost_o continual_o with_o these_o two_o nation_n paragraphe_n viii_o beyond_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o river_n call_v danambra_n in_o old_a time_n borysthenes_n which_o sever_v sarmatia_n now_o call_v poland_n from_o the_o old_a scythia_n europea_n which_o comprehend_v that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n between_o borysthenes_n and_o tanais_n and_o northward_o unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n this_o be_v that_o great_a estate_n of_o muscovia_n denominate_v from_o the_o capital_a city_n mosko_n the_o prince_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n beside_o that_o part_n of_o europe_n stretch_v his_o dominion_n very_o far_o into_o great_a asia_n he_o that_o reign_v when_o the_o author_n write_v this_o book_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1644._o be_v michael_n fedorowitz_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1612._o in_o the_o confusion_n of_o civil_a war_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o antitient_a royal_a family_n that_o people_n be_v christian_n but_o of_o the_o rude_a sort_n acknowledge_v the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n westward_o they_o join_v with_o poland_n southward_o with_o the_o crim_n tartar_n and_o with_o each_o of_o they_o have_v always_o some_o war_n paragraphe_n ix_o all_o the_o country_n from_o the_o river_n of_o odera_n in_o germany_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o river_n of_o vistula_n or_o weissell_n as_o far_o as_o borysthenes_n and_o northward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o point_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n above_o livonia_n all_o that_o country_n i_o say_v call_v ancient_o sarmatia_n contain_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a poland_n russia_n alba_fw-la the_o country_n of_o the_o cossack_n podolia_n and_o other_o province_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lituania_n near_o borysthenes_n that_o state_n of_o poland_n who_o capital_a city_n be_v cracovia_n join_v southward_o with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o hungary_n so_o much_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o with_o transylvania_n and_o moldavia_n eastward_o it_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n and_o moscovite_n the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v of_o the_o roman_a religion_n hitherto_o what_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o the_o success_n of_o the_o present_a war_n will_v show_v that_o state_n tolerate_v all_o sort_n of_o religion_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v account_v as_o a_o appurtenance_n of_o poland_n yet_o because_o three_o estate_n meet_v there_o poland_n on_o the_o south_n muscovia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n and_o sweden_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v always_o dispute_v between_o these_o three_o crown_n and_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a war_n which_o be_v appease_v in_o some_o part_n by_o the_o peace_n between_o poland_n and_o sweden_n an._n 1635._o but_o new_o revive_v paragraphe_n x._o by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n that_o mediterranean_a sea_n of_o the_o north_n be_v form_v which_o be_v call_v the_o baltique_a sea_n there_o the_o dominion_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v seat_v two_o considerable_a state_n the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n comprehend_v great_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a gotthia_n the_o town_n and_o duchy_n of_o stockholm_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o finland_n and_o northward_o botnia_n scrifinia_n and_o other_o unknown_a country_n the_o present_a king_n be_v carolus_n gustavus_n by_o the_o session_n of_o his_o cousin_n german_n christina_n daughter_n to_o the_o famous_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n be_v lutheran_n yet_o in_o the_o north_n there_o be_v some_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a idolatry_n of_o pagan_n the_o other_o state_n be_v that_o of_o denmark_n compose_v of_o the_o hanse_v teutonique_a call_v ancient_o cimbrica-chersonesus_n which_o be_v a_o corner_n of_o great_a germany_n contain_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n juitland_n and_o schleswick_n a_o second_o part_n of_o that_o estate_n lie_v in_o land_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o zealand_n where_o coppenhagen_n be_v seat_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o part_n be_v in_o the_o peninsula_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o herein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n to_o that_o state_n also_o belong_v the_o land_n of_o friesland_n and_o island_n far_o in_o the_o north._n they_o be_v all_o lutheran_n the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o kingdom_n lie_v in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sund_n which_o make_v it_o considerable_a to_o all_o that_o traffic_n to_o or_o from_o the_o baltique_a sea_n paragraphe_n xi_o from_o thence_o sail_v westward_o one_o come_v to_o the_o great_a brittanique_a land_n of_o which_o we_o that_o
and_o become_v duke_n and_o earl_n likewise_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o charlemain_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o confusion_n rise_v in_o germany_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o race_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o so_o many_o fee_n both_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a which_o be_v now_o in_o germany_n the_o governor_n have_v make_v themselves_o lord_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o great_a house_n now_o in_o be_v which_o nevertheless_o have_v go_v through_o many_o change_n some_o family_n be_v extinct_a and_o some_o fee_n sell_v transport_v or_o confiscate_v among_o these_o family_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o indeed_o the_o most_o remarkable_a at_o this_o time_n be_v that_o of_o austria_n 3._o the_o french_a king_n of_o the_o first_o race_n possess_v a_o kingdom_n of_o vast_a extent_n which_o they_o divide_v into_o ostrick_n and_o westrick_n ostrick_n which_o by_o corruption_n and_o french_a termination_n be_v call_v austrasie_a be_v the_o eastern_a part_n and_o comprehend_v the_o country_n towards_o the_o river_n msa_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o as_o far_o as_o hungary_n westrick_n which_o by_o corruption_n be_v call_v neustria_n comprehend_v the_o western_a part_n from_o mosa_n towards_o britain_n these_o name_n be_v long_o preserve_v even_o to_o the_o age_n of_o charlemain_n and_o be_v lose_v by_o the_o new_a partage_n between_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a yet_o the_o name_n of_o neustria_n stick_v long_o to_o the_o western_a part_n which_o be_v now_o call_v normandy_n for_o britain_n be_v a_o state_n by_o itself_o the_o name_n of_o ostrick_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o same_o partage_n remain_v nevertheless_o to_o the_o most_o eastern_a part_n and_o the_o next_o to_o hungary_n and_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v austria_n a_o word_n corrupt_v from_o ostrick_n and_o ostenrick_n and_o be_v that_o province_n seat_v upon_o danubius_n where_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o vienna_n stand_v 4._o in_o that_o country_n otho_n the_o iii_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o establish_v leopold_n a_o marquis_n that_o be_v a_o keeper_n of_o those_o march_n against_o the_o ordinary_a excursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n that_o leopold_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o marquess_n since_o duke_n of_o austria_n which_o continue_v till_o a_o certain_a friderick_n who_o go_v to_o the_o war_n of_o naples_n against_o charles_n brother_n of_o st._n lewis_n and_o be_v take_v with_o conradin_n a_o competitor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v behead_v with_o he_o by_o his_o death_n without_o child_n austria_n return_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n seek_v to_o join_v it_o to_o his_o state_n and_o send_v thither_o his_o son_n ottocarus_n who_o have_v conspire_v against_o the_o empire_n with_o the_o hungarian_n be_v degrade_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o emperor_n rudolphus_n of_o who_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v 5._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o second_o the_o great_a enemy_n of_o pope_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1231._o the_o faction_n be_v so_o great_a about_o a_o new_a election_n that_o there_o be_v a_o anarchy_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o above_o under_o these_o titular_a emperor_n william_n earl_n of_o holland_n richard_z of_o england_n and_o alphonsus_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o end_n after_o many_o assembly_n and_o contention_n the_o elector_n give_v their_o vote_n to_o rudolphus_n earl_n of_o habsburg_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o whole_a empire_n that_o election_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1255._o five_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n lewis_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n then_o reign_v in_o france_n 6._o between_o basel_n and_o soleurre_n canton_n of_o switzerland_n there_o be_v triestein_n castle_n the_o lord_n whereof_o have_v the_o title_n of_o count_n and_o by_o the_o woman_n inherit_v the_o county_n of_o habsburg_n and_o take_v the_o title_n of_o the_o same_o of_o that_o house_n be_v this_o rodolphus_n before_o who_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o the_o history_n of_o their_o house_n who_o by_o his_o virtue_n be_v elect_v emperor_n an._n 1275._o and_o dye_v in_o the_o 1291._o the_o duchy_n of_o austria_n be_v then_o vacant_a and_o ottocarus_n the_o bohemian_a have_v invade_v it_o and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o hungarian_n against_o the_o empire_n rodolphus_n divest_v he_o of_o it_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o an._n 1282._o invest_v his_o son_n albert_n in_o the_o same_o in_o that_o albert_n we_o must_v take_v the_o birth_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o although_o that_o albert_n be_v also_o emperor_n from_o the_o year_n 1298._o till_o 1308_o yet_o his_o descent_n return_v not_o to_o that_o quality_n but_o 130._o year_n after_o and_o go_v for_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o other_o imperial_a family_n only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n 22._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contention_n for_o the_o empire_n between_o friderick_n of_o austria_n and_o lewis_n of_o bavieres_n the_o whole_a pedigree_n of_o that_o house_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o table_n of_o bertius_fw-la from_o the_o creation_n of_o rudolphus_n of_o habsburg_n an._n 1275._o to_o the_o year_n 1438._o when_v the_o empire_n enter_v so_o into_o that_o house_n that_o it_o do_v not_o come_v out_o since_o paragraphe_n iii_o so_o much_o be_v know_v then_o that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o the_o death_n of_o albert_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o empire_n and_o fall_v back_o into_o the_o state_n of_o a_o private_a principality_n and_o that_o less_o considerable_a than_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n bavieres_n and_o luxemburg_n which_o furnish_v many_o emperor_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o emperor_n albert_n the_o ii_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luxemburg_n be_v son_n to_o charles_n the_o iv_o emperor_n and_o grandchild_n to_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o that_o charles_n the_o iv_o be_v he_o that_o make_v the_o golden_a bull_n and_o establish_v a_o certain_a form_n of_o imperial_a election_n this_o charles_n be_v grandchild_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o vii_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luxemburg_n sigismond_n have_v no_o male_a issue_n and_o give_v his_o only_a daughter_n elizabeth_n to_o albert_n of_o austria_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n in_o law_n be_v elect_v emperor_n an._n 1438._o and_o this_o house_n have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o empire_n from_o that_o year_n these_o emperor_n reign_v albert_n the_o ii_o who_o reign_v two_o year_n friderick_n the_o iii_o his_o cousin_n who_o reign_v 53_o year_n maximilian_n son_n of_o friderick_n who_o reign_v 26_o year_n charles_n the_o v._o who_o reign_v 36_o year_n ferdinand_n i._o brother_n to_o charles_n who_o reign_v 9_o year_n maximilian_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n who_o reign_v 12_o year_n rodolphus_n ii_o son_n of_o maximilian_n who_o reign_v 36_o year_n mathias_n brother_n to_o adolphus_n who_o reign_v 7_o year_n ferdinand_n ii_o cousin_n to_o the_o two_o precedent_a emperor_n who_o reign_v 19_o year_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n ferdinand_n iii_o who_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o that_o house_n from_o the_o year_n 1438._o to_o which_o if_o you_o add_v the_o three_o of_o ancient_a date_n there_o have_v be_v thirteen_o emperor_n of_o the_o house_n and_o name_n of_o austria_n that_o house_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o in_o her_o patrimonial_a estate_n which_o she_o hold_v in_o germany_n before_o her_o greatness_n or_o in_o her_o great_a rise_n which_o spring_v out_o of_o three_o head_n 1._o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n with_o mary_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_o franche_fw-mi county_n and_o the_o good_n not_o masculine_a of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o the_o marriage_n of_o philip_n son_n of_o maximilian_n and_o mary_n of_o burgundy_n with_o jane_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o spain_n and_o by_o consequent_a of_o sicily_n naples_n and_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o soon_o after_o of_o portugal_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n 3._o the_o marriage_n of_o ferdinand_n brother_z to_z charles_n the_o v._o with_o anne_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungaria_n the_o great_a estate_n of_o that_o house_n be_v accrue_v to_o they_o by_o these_o way_n we_o will_v speak_v here_o of_o the_o patrimonial_a dominion_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n reserve_v the_o rest_n for_o the_o follow_a paragraphes_n the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n whole_o seat_v in_o germany_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n danubius_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o mountain_n of_o tirolis_n and_o towards_o the_o rhine_n alsatia_n bound_v eastward_o with_o hungary_n and_o poland_n southward_o by_o the_o venetian_n westward_o by_o the_o swisser_n and_o northward_o by_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n that_o estate_n be_v compose_v with_o many_o piece_n which_o be_v
of_o blanch_n which_o cause_v great_a trouble_n till_o st._n lewis_n to_o who_o castilia_n belong_v after_o his_o mother_n thus_o compose_v the_o difference_n ferdinand_n the_o usurper_n of_o castilia_n over_o blanch_n and_o st_n lewis_n be_v father_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o leon_n against_o who_o st_n lewis_n have_v a_o action_n for_o castilia_n one_o of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n marry_v his_o daughter_n blanch_n granddaughter_n of_o blanch_n the_o inheritrice_n of_o castilia_n a_o 1267._o with_o ferdinand_n surname_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n elder_a son_n to_o that_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o s._n lewis_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n over_o castilia_n to_o his_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o her_o child_n after_o she_o upon_o which_o condition_n perform_v france_n lose_v her_o claim_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n but_o that_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n die_v before_o his_o father_n alphonsus_n and_o his_o young_a brother_n sanchez_n usurp_v the_o crown_n deprive_v his_o nephew_n son_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o their_o right_n from_o that_o usurper_n sanchez_n all_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o dispossess_v child_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o france_n be_v descend_v the_o house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la who_o retain_v still_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o degradation_n and_o of_o their_o birthright_n over_o the_o family_n of_o sanchez_n make_v their_o protestation_n at_o every_o change_n of_o state_n that_o if_o the_o family_n now_o reign_v shall_v fail_v they_o may_v enter_v upon_o their_o right_n out_o of_o that_o discourse_n four_o thing_n do_v result_v for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n all_o the_o right_a of_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o his_o sister_n blanch_n and_o after_o she_o to_o her_o son_n st_n lewis_n and_o that_o berengera_fw-mi the_o young_a sister_n of_o blanch_n and_o her_o son_n ferdinand_n be_v usurper_n 2._o that_o st_n lewis_n indeed_o yield_v his_o right_n by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n between_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n and_o his_o daughter_n blanch._n one_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o he_o can_v do_v for_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v alienate_v but_o they_o have_v not_o then_o such_o absolute_a maxim_n and_o be_v not_o so_o jealous_a as_o now_o of_o preserve_v the_o union_n of_o state_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v often_o divide_v exchange_v buy_v and_o sell_v and_o st_n lewis_n sufficient_o perceive_v the_o impossibility_n of_o govern_v the_o french_a and_o the_o castilian_n together_o 3._o but_o that_o session_n be_v conditional_a require_v that_o the_o child_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n shall_v inherit_v the_o crown_n that_o condition_n have_v be_v violate_v by_o the_o usurpation_n of_o sanchez_n young_a brother_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o the_o poor_a prince_n child_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n be_v disinherit_v and_o proscribe_v that_o session_n of_o st_n lewis_n become_v void_a by_o right_n and_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v good_a if_o it_o be_v not_o somewhat_o too_o old_a 4._o at_o least_o all_o that_o right_n of_o st_n lewis_n remain_v with_o the_o descendant_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la for_o they_o have_v double_a right_n the_o one_o from_o ferdinand_n as_o elder_a brother_n to_o sanchez_n the_o other_o from_o blanch_n to_o who_o her_o father_n st_n lewis_n have_v confer_v his_o right_n and_o if_o the_o house_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la will_v prosecute_v it_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o ground_v and_o the_o french_a king_n may_v defend_v their_o claim_n very_o just_o as_o their_o successor_n and_o fetch_v their_o right_n from_o they_o paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n portugal_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a lusitania_n be_v one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n near_o the_o great_a ocean_n under_o gallicia_n between_o the_o river_n of_o duerno_n minio_n and_o tajo_n to_o which_o also_o belong_v a_o little_a state_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n which_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o cap_n st_n vincent_n next_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o cadiz_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n that_o country_n be_v waste_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o saracen_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o spain_n by_o that_o great_a inundation_n of_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n a_o 713._o all_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n even_o after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n and_o lewis_n the_o meek_a who_o be_v there_o in_o person_n very_o willing_o go_v to_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n against_o these_o saracen_n moores_n especial_o a_o 1090._o a_o little_a before_o the_o enterprise_n of_o the_o holy_a war_n philip_n the_o i._o reign_v in_o france_n &_o alphonsus_n the_o viii_o in_o spain_n many_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n confederate_v themselves_o and_o go_v into_o spain_n against_o they_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v henry_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a house_n of_o burgundy_n for_o although_o there_o have_v be_v much_o dispute_n about_o his_o origine_fw-la now_o all_o historian_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v grandchild_n to_o robert_n brother_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o i_o who_o have_v burgundy_n give_v he_o for_o his_o apanage_n this_o henry_n of_o burgundy_n have_v do_v great_a exploit_n against_o the_o moor_n marry_v teresa_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o town_n of_o coimbra_n braga_n and_o other_o in_o portugal_n with_o force_n to_o conquer_v the_o rest_n of_o which_o he_o quit_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o he_o expel_v the_o infidel_n from_o great_a part_n of_o portugal_n of_o which_o he_o be_v call_v comes_n or_o count_n and_o no_o other_o title_n do_v he_o bear_v all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o die_v a_o 1112._o and_o leave_v a_o son_n name_v alphonsus_n who_o take_v lisbon_n and_o much_o country_n beside_o and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o king_n of_o portugal_n a_o 1139._o from_o that_o alphonsus_n be_v descend_v the_o whole_a house_n of_o portugal_n till_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_n king_n an_z 1580._o at_o which_o time_n portugal_n be_v unite_v with_o spain_n the_o great_a difficulty_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n or_o to_o that_o of_o braganza_n or_o to_o that_o of_o parma_n be_v nothing_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o have_v weary_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a politician_n for_o threescore_o year_n and_o final_o have_v end_v in_o a_o general_a revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o a_o bloody_a war._n certain_o although_o such_o as_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o growth_n of_o spain_n will_v vote_n for_o the_o house_n of_o braganza_n and_o that_o of_o parma_n the_o question_n be_v not_o without_o difficulty_n but_o france_n have_v a_o further_a pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n for_o which_o we_o must_v remount_v high_o alphonsus_n the_o two_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v two_o son_n sanchez_n the_o two_o surname_v capel_n and_o alphonsus_n sanchez_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n but_o with_o small_a vigour_n and_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o subject_n alphonsus_n live_v then_o in_o the_o court_n of_o st_n lewis_n where_o he_o receive_v much_o honour_n as_o be_v his_o kinsman_n by_o blanch_n of_o castilia_n the_o king_n mother_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o marry_v mahaut_n of_o dampmartin_n widow_n to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n an_z 1235._o and_o by_o she_o have_v child_n the_o people_n of_o portugal_n weary_a of_o their_o king_n sanchez_n desire_a alphonsus_n to_o come_v home_o and_o take_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o state_n which_o he_o do_v leave_v his_o wife_n mahaut_n in_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n be_v degrade_v and_o himself_o make_v king_n he_o forget_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o france_n and_o marry_v beatrix_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o castilia_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n because_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v live_v that_o 2_o marriage_n be_v account_v unlawful_a yea_o alphonsus_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o it_o by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o iv_o and_o hate_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o mahaut_n come_v into_o spain_n make_v a_o heavy_a complaint_n against_o he_o who_o be_v so_o harden_v in_o that_o sin_n that_o he_o protest_v that_o if_o a_o hundred_o wife_n will_v have_v he_o he_o will_v marry_v they_o all_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o a_o wise_a and_o prosperous_a king_n he_o maintain_v himself_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o mahaut_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n of_o portugal_n
excommunicate_v all_o that_o take_v part_n with_o lewis_n and_o put_v a_o interdict_v as_o they_o call_v it_o upon_o their_o estate_n lewis_n maintain_v himself_o against_o his_o fulmination_n both_o by_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o prelate_n at_o tours_n who_o clear_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n as_o his_o history_n speak_v and_o especial_o by_o arm_n whereby_o he_o repress_v all_o the_o invader_n of_o his_o state_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o but_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n and_o catherine_n of_o navarra_n be_v expel_v from_o their_o state_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a who_o make_v a_o show_n to_o pass_v into_o guienne_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a and_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v sudden_o turn_v upon_o navarra_n and_o take_v it_o an._n 1512._o both_o because_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o ferdinand_n have_v alliance_n also_o because_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o any_o of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n shall_v fall_v into_o foreign_a hand_n or_o into_o house_n not_o sovereign_a as_o those_o of_o foix_n and_o albret_n as_o the_o reason_n and_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v leight_n and_o groundless_a the_o french_a stand_n to_o their_o right_n to_o this_o day_n against_o that_o manifest_a invasion_n and_o hinder_v the_o prescription_n by_o arm_n treaty_n and_o protestation_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n cassan_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n with_o more_o zeal_n than_o judgement_n will_v ground_v those_o right_n upon_o conquest_n 800._o year_n old_a and_o ancient_a expedition_n of_o the_o french_a king_n into_o spain_n where_o they_o take_v some_o town_n of_o navarra_n arragon_n and_o catalonia_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o change_n of_o succession_n in_o so_o many_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n by_o charlemain_n give_v to_o the_o french_a no_o more_o right_a there_o in_o these_o time_n than_o those_o of_o caesar_n in_o france_n to_o the_o now_o emperor_n the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a over_o arragon_n catalonia_n &_o roussillon_n which_o have_v some_o ground_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v how_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o saint_n lewis_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n against_o the_o child_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o ii_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v marry_v constance_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o frederick_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n from_o his_o wife_n make_v those_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n an._n 1281._o a_o action_n which_o do_v incense_v the_o whole_a christendom_n against_o that_o peter_n well_o surname_v the_o cruel_a pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o especial_o a_o frenchman_n by_o birth_n and_o affection_n who_o excommunicate_v peter_n and_o put_v his_o kingdom_n in_o interdict_v not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a maxim_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o in_o certain_a case_n they_o have_v power_n over_o the_o temporal_n of_o king_n but_o because_o arragon_n have_v be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n a_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o that_o perfidious_a king_n as_o sovereign_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o france_n which_o offer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o king_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o valois_n whereupon_o philip_n assemble_v the_o state_n general_n at_o paris_n accept_v the_o pope_n gift_n and_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o peter_n take_v arragon_n gatalonia_n &_o valentia_n and_o invest_v his_o son_n charles_n with_o these_o kingdom_n pay_v five_o hundred_o liver_n yearly_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o these_o conquest_n king_n philip_n as_o he_o return_v into_o france_n dye_v at_o perpignan_n and_o the_o french_a soon_o after_o lose_v all_o that_o country_n yet_o their_o right_n if_o they_o have_v any_o by_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n remain_v as_o good_a as_o before_o but_o the_o spaniard_n contradict_v that_o right_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a confusion_n about_o that_o quarrel_n a_o marriage_n be_v make_v between_o that_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n pretend_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_z margaret_z daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o two_o king_n of_o naples_n to_o which_o margaret_n the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o maine_n be_v give_v for_o her_o portion_n which_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n and_o by_o he_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o though_o margaret_n shall_v die_v without_o issue_n charles_n shall_v possess_v these_o county_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n and_o claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n which_o charles_n do_v and_o so_o that_o great_a difference_n be_v end_v the_o second_o head_n whence_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o arragon_n do_v arise_v regard_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o second_o son_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o prince_n well_o know_v in_o history_n as_o he_o that_o be_v make_v regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o and_o after_o invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o first_o a_o right_n which_o he_o prosecute_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o prosecution_n but_o he_o leave_v the_o title_n to_o his_o child_n his_o son_n lewis_n the_o two_o marry_v yoland_n daughter_n to_o john_n the_o i._o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o yoland_n of_o bar_n his_o wife_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o that_o yoland_n wife_n to_o lewis_n the_o two_o of_o anjou_n which_o be_v jane_n countess_n of_o foix_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n and_o no_o child_n remain_v of_o john_n of_o arragon_n but_o that_o yoland_n duchess_n of_o anjou_n she_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o that_o state_n but_o her_o uncle_n martin_n duke_n of_o montblanc_n seize_v upon_o it_o lewis_n send_v the_o bishop_n of_o couserans_n to_o represent_v his_o right_n and_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o martin_n he_o will_v dispute_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v persuade_v to_o put_v the_o business_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o the_o peer_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v choose_v arbitrator_n to_o umpire_n the_o business_n between_o lewis_n and_o martin_n and_o examine_v the_o claim_n of_o other_o pretender_n and_o though_o the_o umpire_n be_v almost_o all_o arragones_n they_o will_v not_o pronounce_v any_o 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catalonia_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o catalonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n of_o spain_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o valentia_n arragon_n and_o roussillon_n it_o be_v both_o before_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o they_o part_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n as_o arragon_n and_o other_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n since_o which_o time_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o gotth_n and_o alan_n together_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o gottalania_n which_o name_n be_v since_o corrupt_v to_o catalaunia_n it_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o gotth_n till_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o as_o of_o most_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o charlemain_n take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o all_o the_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o expelling_a zaron_n the_o
it_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o particular_a count_n which_o fail_v the_o country_n fall_v to_o the_o count_n of_o catalonia_n how_o and_o in_o what_o time_n precise_o i_o find_v not_o only_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n alphonsus_n his_o brother_n count_n of_o toulouse_n and_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v in_o suit_n about_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n st_o lewis_n be_v choose_v umpire_n as_o bear_v himself_o for_o sovereign_n of_o both_o who_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o he_o do_v adjudge_v it_o on_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o seem_v that_o holy_a king_n acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o possession_n for_o as_o that_o county_n be_v unite_v with_o that_o of_o barcelonia_n it_o be_v hold_v also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n since_o the_o union_n of_o these_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n it_o run_v the_o same_o fortune_n with_o arragon_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o interdict_v of_o pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o philip_n die_v at_o perpignan_n and_o soon_o after_o all_o be_v lose_v and_o quite_v by_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o second_o son_n but_o of_o that_o right_n &_o all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n upon_o roussillon_n as_o upon_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n the_o french_a themselves_o make_v no_o great_a account_n but_o upon_o roussillon_n the_o french_a have_v a_o title_n altogether_o singular_a john_n king_n of_o arragon_n that_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n be_v in_o war_n with_o his_o subject_n of_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n as_o maintainer_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n prince_z of_o vienna_n and_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o navarra_n against_o he_o and_o find_v his_o subject_n too_o hard_o for_o he_o as_o assisted_z by_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n desire_v lewis_n the_o xi_o to_o assist_v he_o which_o he_o do_v with_o great_a might_n have_v send_v he_o a_o good_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr armagnac_n duke_n of_o nemours_n who_o confirm_v the_o crown_n to_o john_n and_o compose_v the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n john_n engage_v the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o town_n of_o perpignan_n unto_o lewis_n the_o xi_o for_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n which_o he_o borrow_v of_o he_o lewis_n notwithstanding_o many_o treachery_n and_o attempt_n of_o the_o arrogenese_n maintain_v himself_o in_o that_o country_n and_z charles_n the_o viii_o his_o son_n after_o he_o until_o the_o design_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1492._o that_o charles_n the_o viii_o begin_v the_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n and_o fear_v lest_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n son_n to_z that_o john_n will_v assist_v the_o house_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o of_o arragon_n or_o shall_v enter_v into_o france_n in_o his_o absence_n he_o return_v unto_o he_o that_o county_n of_o roussillon_n gratis_o not_o quit_v but_o not_o demand_v the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v promise_v and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a cross_n and_o upon_o the_o gospel_n that_o he_o will_v serve_v the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o that_o expedition_n of_o italy_n the_o governor_n of_o perpignan_n do_v not_o yield_v but_o after_o many_o iterate_a command_n see_v the_o importance_n of_o that_o restitution_n and_o fear_v the_o infidelity_n of_o arragon_n the_o french_a historian_n blame_v james_n maillert_n a_o franciscan_a friar_n confessor_n to_o charles_n the_o viii_o say_n he_o be_v win_v by_o ferdinand_n to_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o that_o restitution_n but_o ferdinand_n instead_o of_o help_a charles_n in_o his_o expedition_n of_o italy_n help_v his_o enemy_n in_o italy_n and_o disturb_v his_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n since_o which_o time_n the_o french_a have_v often_o redemanded_a that_o county_n as_o not_o redeem_v with_o the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n and_o represent_v that_o they_o be_v circumvent_v by_o ferdinand_n but_o in_o vain_a till_o final_o the_o sword_n have_v do_v what_o reason_n and_o justice_n can_v not_o perpignan_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o of_o late_a year_n thus_o of_o those_o six_o right_n which_o the_o french_a pretend_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o spain_n those_o of_o castilia_n portugal_n and_o arragon_n be_v old_a and_o stale_a that_o of_o navarra_n be_v in_o its_o full_a force_n by_o their_o ordinary_a protestation_n that_o of_o catalonia_n and_o roussillon_n be_v no_o more_o pretend_a right_n the_o french_a have_v the_o real_a possession_n of_o they_o paragraphe_n vii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o spain_n the_o french_a have_v three_o great_a pretence_n upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n 1._o upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n 2._o upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n 3._o upon_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n &_o artois_n because_o they_o pretend_v that_o these_o right_n be_v in_o their_o full_a force_n they_o must_v be_v exact_o examine_v we_o will_v begin_v at_o naples_n 1._o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v beyond_o capagna_n de_fw-fr roma_n and_o comprehend_v these_o ancient_a province_n samnium_n appulia_n hydruntum_n magna_fw-la graecia_n campania_n calabria_n and_o other_o all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o be_v well_o nigh_o one_o half_a of_o italy_n make_v up_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n compania_n now_o terra_fw-la di_fw-mi lavoro_n the_o river_n of_o aufidus_n now_o ofanto_n in_o puglia_n and_o the_o river_n of_o liris_n now_o cantigliano_fw-it near_o capua_n be_v make_v the_o limit_n between_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n an._n 803._o nicephorus_n then_o be_v the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o charlemain_n of_o the_o west_n so_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o that_o be_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o two_o river_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o part_n beyond_o they_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sicily_n remain_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n not_o long_o after_o the_o saracen_n invade_v italy_n the_o height_n of_o their_o fury_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o sicily_n and_o sicily_n itself_o where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o and_o for_o many_o age_n those_o country_n be_v the_o sad_a stage_n where_o the_o latin_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o greek_n on_o the_o other_o and_o the_o saracen_n enemy_n to_o both_o act_v a_o bloody_a tragedy_n 2._o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o forty_o norman_a gentleman_n return_v from_o the_o pilgrimage_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n give_v a_o powerful_a assistance_n to_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v return_v home_o undertake_v not_o long_o after_o a_o expedition_n to_o naples_n with_o more_o might_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o tristan_n cistel_n a_o norman_a these_o give_v the_o beginning_n to_o the_o state_n of_o naples_n partly_o by_o conquest_n partly_o by_o marriage_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o puglia_n and_o duke_n of_o calabria_n and_o in_o time_n advance_v their_o conquest_n as_o far_o as_o sicily_n they_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o the_o same_o to_o that_o family_n of_o norman_n succeed_v that_o of_o the_o german_n in_o the_o person_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o friderick_n the_o two_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n that_o friderick_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n which_o be_v sovereign_a of_o that_o fee_n he_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o state_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n conrard_n and_o his_o bastard_n manfred_n and_o conradin_n son_n of_o conrard_n have_v labour_v to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o it_o final_o the_o house_n of_o france_n be_v call_v to_o it_o after_o this_o manner_n about_o the_o year_n 1262._o 3._o by_o the_o fall_n out_o of_o all_o these_o prince_n with_o the_o pope_n great_a confusion_n happen_v in_o italy_n the_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iv_o weary_a of_o the_o german_a race_n present_v the_o kingdom_n to_o saint_n lewis_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n and_o provence_n who_o be_v repute_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o two_o year_n after_o vrban_n the_o iv_o invest_v they_o with_o it_o an._n 1264._o that_o country_n which_o he_o hold_v from_o the_o church_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o great_a i_o will_v of_o sicily_n and_o be_v call_v sicilia_n ultra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la farum_fw-la because_o of_o the_o far_a or_o straight_o of_o messina_n which_o separate_v the_o i_o will_v from_o the_o continent_n but_o that_o country_n be_v so_o
of_o the_o french_a king_n till_o that_o famous_a partage_n of_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o 843._o when_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n be_v set_v as_o a_o limit_n of_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o lothary_a the_o emperor_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n on_o the_o other_o that_o country_n remain_v within_o the_o partage_n of_o the_o last_o who_o be_v king_n of_o france_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n near_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n and_o lis_n butt_v upon_o the_o ocean_n and_o because_o all_o that_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n which_o make_v it_o be_v call_v sylva_n carbonaria_n charlemain_n about_o the_o year_n 771._o place_v there_o a_o governor_n who_o he_o call_v the_o great_a forester_n of_o flanders_n so_o also_o be_v his_o successor_n call_v and_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a the_o first_o that_o erect_v this_o country_n into_o a_o county_n be_v charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n a_o 850._o or_o thereabouts_o the_o first_o count_n be_v baldwin_n surname_v bras_fw-fr de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr or_o iron-arm_n for_o his_o great_a exploit_n against_o the_o norman_n then_o barbarous_a and_o infidel_n who_o come_v from_o the_o north_n infest_a those_o coast_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n this_o baldwin_n steal_v away_o judith_n daughter_n to_o charles_n le_fw-fr chauve_n and_o widow_n to_o a_o english_a king_n which_o action_n at_o the_o first_o move_v charles_n to_o a_o great_a wrath_n and_o hatred_n against_o he_o but_o judith_n have_v appease_v her_o father_n and_o baldwin_n be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o those_o country_n against_o the_o norman_n he_o recover_v the_o king_n grace_n and_o it_o be_v upon_o that_o reconciliation_n that_o he_o be_v make_v count_n of_o flanders_n so_o that_o baldwin_n be_v the_o head_n of_o that_o house_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n which_o then_o be_v but_o one_o province_n 1._o all_o that_o country_n remain_v thus_o unite_v in_o one_o county_n till_o the_o year_n 1180._o when_v philip_n august_n king_n of_o france_n matryed_z isabella_z daughter_n of_o baldwin_n the_o iv_o count_n of_o hainaut_n and_o namur_n and_o of_o margaret_n of_o flanders_n for_o philip_n of_o alsatia_n count_n of_o flanders_n uncle_n to_o margaret_n to_o show_v his_o joy_n for_o that_o high_a alliance_n give_v she_o the_o country_n of_o artois_n consist_v in_o the_o town_n of_o arras_n bapaume_n saint_n omer_n aire_n hesdin_n and_o some_o other_o which_o philip_n august_n enjoy_v and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o till_o lewis_n the_o viii_o give_v the_o country_n of_o artois_n to_o his_o three_o son_n robert_n for_o who_o sake_n his_o brother_n st_n lewis_n erect_v the_o same_o into_o a_o county_n of_o which_o this_o robert_n do_v he_o homage_n and_o that_o house_n of_o artois_n be_v a_o royal_a house_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o thus_o flanders_n and_o artois_n have_v their_o several_a count_n and_o lord_n as_o most_o of_o the_o other_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_o 2._o king_n john_n of_o france_n have_v give_v to_o his_o four_o son_n philip_n the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n because_o he_o love_v he_o dear_o he_o procure_v a_o great_a marriage_n for_o he_o match_v he_o with_o margaret_n of_o flanders_n only_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o iii_o count_n of_o flanders_n and_o of_o margaret_n of_o brabant_n that_o princess_n be_v hold_v the_o rich_a match_n of_o europe_n for_o she_o be_v heir_n not_o only_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n burgundy_n artois_n nevers_n retel_v and_o other_o great_a lordship_n but_o be_v also_o apparent_a heir_n from_o her_o great_a aunt_n by_o her_o mother_n side_n of_o the_o dutchy_n of_o brabant_n lothier_n limburg_n and_o the_o marquesat_n of_o antwerp_n that_o alliance_n make_v a_o 1356._o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n for_o that_o philip_n and_o his_o three_o successor_n john_n philip_n and_o charles_n unite_z all_o these_o great_a state_n which_o afterward_o fall_v into_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o marriage_n as_o we_o have_v represent_v before_o 3._o although_o the_o propriety_n of_o those_o two_o province_n flanders_n and_o artois_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o the_o match_n of_o mary_n of_o burgundy_n with_o maximilian_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o that_o propriety_n be_v quit_v by_o the_o reddition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o arras_n a_o 1435._o yet_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o have_v remain_v with_o the_o french_a king_n until_o the_o cession_n by_o they_o make_v of_o the_o same_o by_o several_a treaty_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o madrid_n that_o sovereignty_n be_v prove_v by_o seven_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v the_o homage_v which_o the_o count_n have_v always_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o these_o county_n and_o the_o investiture_n which_o they_o have_v take_v 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the_o empire_n and_o fall_v to_o great_a war_n against_o francis_n the_o i._o be_v delinquent_a in_o that_o duty_n and_o obtain_v the_o session_n of_o that_o right_n by_o divers_a treaty_n 4._o it_o be_v then_o a_o know_a truth_n that_o flanders_n and_o artois_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n and_o that_o the_o question_n be_v only_o whether_o the_o session_n make_v at_o madrid_n be_v just_a and_o valid_a upon_o which_o the_o french_a say_v 1._o that_o charles_n the_o v._o be_v bear_v a_o subject_n of_o france_n at_o gant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n commit_v the_o crime_n of_o felony_n by_o his_o war_n against_o his_o sovereign_n who_o also_o he_o take_v and_o keep_v prisoner_n which_o be_v often_o upbraid_v to_o he_o yea_o a_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n intervene_v against_o he_o whereby_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o lordship_n depend_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o ftance_n for_o crime_n of_o felony_n so_o that_o be_v a_o felon_n against_o his_o sovereign_n he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o to_o treat_v with_o he_o when_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n nor_o any_o way_n oblige_v he_o 2._o the_o session_n make_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v invalid_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o do_v by_o a_o man_n keep_v in_o prison_n 3._o that_o session_n make_v at_o madrid_n and_o in_o other_o treaty_n be_v null_a by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o france_n which_o prohibit_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o sovereign_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n especial_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n general_n who_o never_o ratify_v all_o those_o treaty_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o parliament_n by_o their_o sentence_n the_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o vote_n and_o all_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a by_o their_o discourse_n have_v condemn_v those_o treaty_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o fleming_n and_o artesians_n be_v account_v regnicolae_fw-la and_o have_v no_o need_n of_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n chap._n iu_o war_n agreement_n treaty_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n about_o their_o pretence_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n to_o that_o of_o veruins_n we_o have_v see_v how_o by_o the_o history_n and_o by_o reason_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n will_v ground_v their_o several_a pretence_n as_o the_o difference_n between_o private_a person_n beget_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o end_n in_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o court_n so_o the_o jealousy_n between_o these_o two_o great_a house_n have_v beget_v war_n which_o have_v end_v in_o treaty_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o war_n have_v begin_v afresh_o after_o these_o war_n have_v be_v many_o especial_o since_o the_o promotion_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o to_o the_o empire_n a_o 1519._o for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o without_o contradiction_n have_v the_o precedence_n before_o all_o christian_a
st._n lewis_n final_o after_o many_o great_a change_n that_o crown_n fall_v to_o lewis_n the_o last_o king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n slay_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o mohat_n an._n 1526._o he_o die_v without_o child_n the_o crown_n fall_v to_o his_o sister_n anne_n who_o charles_n the_o v._o her_o brother_n in_o law_n present_o cause_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n so_o the_o two_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungary_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n to_o bohemia_n be_v annex_v also_o moravia_n silesia_n and_o the_o two_o lusatia_n under_o the_o name_n of_o hungary_n be_v contain_v also_o transylvania_n with_o part_n of_o bulgaris_fw-la croatia_n slavonia_n dalmatia_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o be_v now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n 6._o the_o state_n of_o portugal_n begin_v about_o the_o year_n 1090._o in_o the_o person_n of_o henry_n a_o french_a prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o continue_v among_o many_o change_n to_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sebastian_n an._n 1579._o after_o who_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n cardinal_n henry_n there_o be_v a_o dispute_n between_o many_o contender_n for_o the_o succession_n but_o philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n get_v it_o by_o arm_n an._n 1580._o claim_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o mother_n isabel_n daughter_n to_o king_n emanuel_n for_o the_o reason_n which_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n from_o that_o kingdom_n depend_v that_o of_o algarba_n the_o town_n of_o ceuta_n tanger_n and_o marsagan_a in_o africa_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o land_n and_o cap_n from_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n angola_n bresia_n and_o beyond_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o town_n isle_n country_n and_o fort_n as_o far_o as_o china_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o east_n all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o 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the_o year_n 1530._o he_o invest_v ludovic_n sforza_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o he_o die_v childless_a philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n shall_v succeed_v he_o which_o happen_v five_o year_n after_o an._n 1536._o he_o get_v the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o county_n of_o zutfen_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o groan_v by_o a_o treaty_n with_o charles_n the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n who_o die_v a_o 1538._o an._n 1543._o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o town_n of_o cambra_n as_o protector_n of_o that_o imperial_a town_n which_o be_v since_o get_v by_o the_o french_a and_o lose_v again_o be_v confirm_v to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n an._n 1538._o the_o same_o charles_n have_v get_v the_o town_n of_o sienna_n give_v it_o to_o cosmo_n duke_n of_o florence_n to_o be_v a_o homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n pay_v six_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o entry_n at_o every_o change_n of_o duke_n philip_n the_o ii_o 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europa_n and_o out_o of_o it_o all_o that_o we_o say_v before_o ferdinand_n brother_n of_o charles_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o german_a branch_n which_o now_o hold_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o charles_n yield_v the_o ancient_a patrimonial_a estate_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o germany_n the_o same_o ferdinand_n by_o his_o marriage_n with_o anne_n inheritrix_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n unite_v those_o two_o crown_n to_o his_o state_n these_o two_o branch_n at_o this_o present_a hold_n these_o estate_n save_v that_o which_o gustavus_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v take_v from_o they_o and_o what_o the_o french_a have_v get_v in_o these_o war_n from_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o low_a country_n hesdin_n arras_n bapaume_n landrecy_n thionville_n quesnoy_n etc._n etc._n towards_o spain_n the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o perpignan_n then_o the_o catalonian_o have_v revolt_v and_o give_v themselves_o to_o the_o french_a portugal_n also_o 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examine_v to_o know_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o late_a and_o present_a war_n of_o these_o large_a volume_n of_o history_n and_o polemical_a writing_n may_v be_v and_o have_v be_v write_v but_o here_o i_o undertake_v no_o more_o but_o faithful_o to_o set_v down_o the_o ground_n of_o pretence_n on_o both_o side_n which_o though_o i_o will_v do_v brief_o and_o summary_o yet_o will_v i_o omit_v nothing_o essential_a and_o fit_a to_o decide_v the_o difference_n to_o do_v this_o orderly_a we_o will_v divide_v this_o chapter_n into_o two_o point_n the_o first_o of_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o france_n the_o second_o of_o the_o pretence_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n first_o point_v the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o that_o of_o france_n although_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n both_o the_o spanish_a and_o the_o german_a have_v pretence_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o hold_v only_o by_o election_n and_o upon_o condition_n of_o yield_v and_o deposit_v it_o again_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o electour_n after_o the_o death_n of_o each_o emperor_n yet_o their_o interess_n be_v now_o so_o unite_v that_o the_o imperial_a right_n and_o those_o of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n can_v hardly_o be_v separate_v wherefore_o we_o will_v examine_v they_o together_o all_o the_o pretence_n of_o that_o family_n be_v either_o upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o part_v thereof_o especial_o upon_o the_o propriety_n of_o province_n the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o town_n of_o mets_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n these_o must_v be_v examine_v paragraphe_n i._n the_o pretend_a right_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n concern_v that_o right_n now_o stale_a and_o indeed_o ridiculous_a
exclude_v of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n which_o stir_v the_o parliament_n to_o make_v that_o famous_a arrest_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n to_o which_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o league_n yield_v philip_n the_o ii_o of_o spain_n in_o that_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n set_v up_o his_o daughter_n title_n and_o present_v she_o to_o be_v queen_n but_o present_o perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o that_o title_n and_o the_o aversion_n of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o government_n of_o a_o woman_n he_o offer_v to_o marry_v she_o either_o with_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n or_o with_o one_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n who_o imaginary_a right_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n plead_v and_o to_o strengthen_v all_o these_o right_n he_o say_v that_o the_o election_n by_o the_o state_n will_v supply_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n it_o appear_v that_o philip_n acknowledge_v the_o weakness_n of_o his_o daughter_n right_a since_o he_o present_v she_o to_o be_v elect_v the_o salic_a law_n be_v fundamental_a in_o france_n wise_o institute_v and_o observe_v twelve_o hundred_o year_n together_o as_o for_o philip_n allegation_n that_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v by_o municipal_a law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v utter_o false_a for_o in_o the_o discussion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o sovereign_n the_o municipal_a law_n be_v always_o examine_v and_o none_o can_v have_v right_a to_o a_o estate_n from_o which_o he_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o decision_n of_o all_o suit_n for_o estate_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n where_o the_o estate_n lie_v but_o where_o those_o custom_n write_v or_o unwritten_a be_v want_v the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o reason_n only_o the_o french_a think_v they_o have_v both_o law_n and_o reason_n on_o their_o side_n howsoever_o that_o isabel_n in_o who_o favour_n that_o right_o be_v set_v up_o die_v childless_a a_o 1633._o who_o right_a if_o she_o have_v any_o shall_v be_v devolve_v since_o to_o the_o child_n of_o her_o second_o sister_n katherine_n wife_n to_o charles_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n from_o who_o all_o the_o house_n of_o savoy_n that_o now_o be_v be_v descend_v 4._o beside_o these_o imaginary_a right_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o empire_n have_v a_o weak_a pretend_a right_a to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o whereupon_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a 843._o all_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n and_o the_o alps_n viz._n provence_n dauphin_n savoy_n and_o french_a county_n remain_v imperial_a land_n and_o the_o french_a king_n in_o the_o second_o race_n yea_o and_o very_o far_o in_o the_o three_o race_n pretend_v nothing_o to_o they_o till_o dauphin_n come_v to_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o provence_n in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v hold_v by_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a and_o after_o he_o by_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o young_a who_o die_v without_o heir_n male_a a_o state_n be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o his_o daughter_n hermengard_n between_o these_o two_o river_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n or_o the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n which_o continue_v under_o its_o proper_a king_n who_o pedigree_n be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o historian_n du_fw-mi chesne_n unto_o the_o death_n of_o rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a_o 1036._o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o two_o surname_v the_o salic_a who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n grisel_n or_o as_o some_o say_v be_v his_o nephew_n by_o she_o by_o that_o gift_n beside_o the_o ancient_a pretence_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n at_o least_o for_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o emperor_n become_v master_n of_o the_o same_o both_o by_o sovereignty_n and_o propriety_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o empire_n at_o which_o time_n the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o treves_n take_v the_o name_n of_o cnancellor_n per_fw-la regnum_fw-la arelatense_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n come_v to_o a_o great_a decay_n out_o of_o germany_n especial_o during_o the_o war_n between_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o pope_n four_o principality_n be_v frame_v in_o that_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n of_o the_o count_n of_o provence_n the_o dolphin_n of_o viennois_n the_o count_n of_o moriurre_n call_v since_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o the_o count_n of_o rurgundy_n which_o without_o question_n depend_v from_o the_o empire_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o vigour_n in_o it_o but_o time_n have_v wear_v out_o that_o title_n and_o prescription_n be_v past_a uponit_a not_o to_o be_v break_v and_o the_o old_a title_n revive_v unless_o the_o emperor_n will_v together_o question_v most_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o east_n and_o north_n gaul_n of_o these_o four_o principality_n that_o of_o savoy_n subsi_v to_o this_o day_n french_fw-mi county_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o flanders_n and_o so_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n daulphiné_n be_v give_v to_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n by_o imbert_n dolphin_n about_o the_o year_n 1343._o and_o provence_n to_o lewis_n the_o xi_o a_o 1482._o by_o charles_n count_n of_o maine_n heir_n to_o rené_fw-fr king_n of_o naples_n and_o duke_n of_o anjou_n all_o these_o change_n and_o gift_n as_o for_o the_o propriety_n only_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v still_o pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n which_o they_o may_v well_o be_v account_v to_o have_v lose_v by_o weakness_n desertion_n and_o by_o prescription_n as_o many_o other_o principality_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n beside_o the_o french_a history_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1377._o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o iv_o be_v come_v into_o france_n to_o visit_v king_n charles_n the_o v._o give_v to_o his_o godson_n charles_n who_o since_o be_v charles_n the_o vi_o the_o right_n which_o the_o emperor_n pretend_a in_o daulphiné_n which_o be_v no_o great_a gift_n and_o theodorick_n à _fw-la niem_fw-la a_o historian_n of_o that_o age_n say_v that_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v come_v to_o avignon_n to_o visit_v the_o pope_n give_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o arles_n which_o have_v be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o recompense_n of_o the_o magnificent_a entertainment_n which_o the_o say_a lewis_n give_v he_o at_o villeneufue_n near_o avignon_n so_o all_o these_o right_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v lose_v either_o by_o prescription_n or_o donation_n these_o be_v all_o the_o right_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o right_n pretend_v upon_o provence_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v some_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o some_o dutchy_n and_o other_o dominion_n in_o france_n begin_v at_o provence_n 1._o i_o show_v before_o how_o provence_n before_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o fundamental_a and_o famous_a date_n in_o our_o history_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n it_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n austrasia_n or_o burgundy_n but_o when_o before_o that_o famous_a division_n all_o france_n be_v reunite_v in_o the_o second_o race_n under_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n provence_n be_v a_o part_n of_o it_o 2._o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a provence_n with_o all_o that_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o portion_n give_v to_o charles_n the_o bald_a and_o be_v since_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n all_o these_o piece_n give_v to_o lothary_a the_o elder_a brother_n be_v call_v the_o empire_n and_o imperial_a ground_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o land_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n towards_o italy_n be_v call_v terres_n d'_fw-fr empire_n land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n at_o this_o side_n terres_n de_fw-fr france_n french_a land_n since_o that_o partage_n the_o emperor_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o sovereignty_n to_o those_o country_n a_o right_n strengthen_v by_o the_o donation_n make_v of_o the_o propriety_n of_o it_o to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o salic_a by_o his_o uncle_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n of_o burgundy_n 3._o lewis_n the_o ii_o emperor_n son_n to_o
that_o lothary_a leave_v but_o one_o daughter_n call_v hermengarda_n which_o be_v incapable_a of_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n have_v instead_o of_o it_o that_o country_n between_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n and_o the_o rhone_n the_o alps_n and_o the_o sea_n which_o dominon_n be_v erect_v to_o the_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n by_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n in_o favour_n of_o that_o hermengarda_fw-it who_o bozon_n one_o of_o the_o court_n of_o charles_n and_o his_o wife_n kinsman_n take_v away_o these_o two_o bozon_n and_o hermengarda_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o that_o second_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n about_o the_o year_n 875._o which_o continue_v under_o these_o king_n among_o many_o alteration_n to_o that_o last_o rodolphus_n a_o 1036._o all_o that_o time_n provence_n be_v part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n 4._o which_o kingdom_n be_v extinct_a in_o that_o rodolphus_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o conrade_n the_o salic_a short_o after_o by_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o disorder_n rise_v in_o the_o empire_n four_o principality_n be_v frame_v out_o of_o it_o as_o we_o say_v before_o that_o of_o provence_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o county_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a as_o be_v full_a of_o good_a town_n and_o of_o great_a commerce_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o family_n of_o berenger_n with_o the_o title_n of_o count_n who_o history_n be_v write_v by_o nostradamus_n 5._o that_o house_n of_o berenger_n keep_v the_o county_n of_o provence_n till_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n when_o raymond_n berenger_n the_o last_o count_n leave_v four_o daughter_n the_o elder_a whereof_o margaret_n be_v marry_v to_o st_n lewis_n the_o three_z other_o be_v also_o marry_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n eleonor_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o england_n fancy_n to_o richard_n his_o brother_n who_o be_v since_o create_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o four_o daughter_n beatrix_n to_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n raymond_n die_v a_o 1231._o left_a that_o beatrix_n heir_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n leave_v legacy_n only_o to_o the_o three_o other_o to_o each_o three_o thousand_o mark_n another_o raymond_n count_n of_o thoulouse_n will_v have_v take_v away_o that_o beatrix_n to_o marry_v she_o but_o st_o lewis_n prevent_v he_o send_v a_o army_n into_o provence_n and_o take_v she_o give_v she_o to_o his_o brother_n charles_n to_o wife_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o same_o charles_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o pope_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o the_o county_n of_o anjou_n return_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v give_v as_o a_o portion_n to_o margaret_n grandchild_n to_o that_o charles_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o charles_n count_n of_o valois_n father_n to_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o many_o year_n after_o that_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o count_n of_o anjou_n pretend_v no_o right_n to_o that_o county_n it_o be_v give_v to_o lewis_n brother_z to_z king_n charles_n the_o v._o who_o found_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n now_o erect_v to_o a_o dukedom_n but_o the_o two_o other_o piece_n of_o that_o estate_n which_o charles_n brother_n to_o st._n lewis_n enjoy_v with_o his_o wife_n beatrix_n which_o be_v provence_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n remain_v always_o unite_v and_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n whether_o of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o anjou_n or_o of_o the_o second_o or_o of_o the_o family_n of_o arragon_n have_v always_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n so_o that_o naples_n and_o provence_n go_v under_o one_o right_a as_o we_o shall_v more_o full_o expound_v when_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o claim_n of_o france_n upon_o naples_n 6._o jane_n queen_n of_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o anjou_n go_v out_o of_o italy_n an._n 1379._o with_o pope_n clement_n vii_o and_o retire_v to_o avignon_n when_o that_o great_a schism_n begin_v which_o contitinue_v forty_o year_n since_o which_o time_n although_o there_o have_v be_v many_o dispute_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o naples_n between_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n and_o that_o portion_n of_o italy_n pass_v through_o many_o change_n yet_o province_n into_o which_o that_o jane_n retire_v be_v soon_o after_o put_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o lewis_n first_o duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o and_o both_o he_o and_o his_o descent_n enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n and_o arragon_n who_o be_v fight_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n although_o both_o pretend_v that_o province_n belong_v to_o they_o by_o the_o same_o right_n but_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n as_o lie_v under_o the_o wing_n of_o france_n which_o may_v assist_v it_o at_o any_o time_n keep_v the_o possession_n thereof_o to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n and_o final_o from_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n it_o past_a to_o that_o of_o france_n be_v leave_v to_o lewis_n the_o xi_o by_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr heir_n and_o nephew_n to_o rene_n titular_a king_n of_o naples_n and_o real_a possessor_n of_o province_n lewis_n the_o xi_o though_o he_o know_v the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a in_o naples_n which_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o and_o his_o other_o successor_n have_v pursue_v yet_o he_o neglect_v it_o and_o content_v himself_o to_o take_v provence_n by_o this_o discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o who_o so_o have_v the_o lawful_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o we_o shall_v examine_v afterward_o have_v also_o a_o lawful_a right_n to_o province_n 7._o beside_o that_o claim_n of_o the_o possessor_n of_o naples_n upon_o province_n disputable_a between_o that_o house_n first_o of_o anjou_n and_o that_o of_o arragon_n &_o austria_n there_o be_v a_o more_o particular_a claim_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n against_o the_o french_a king_n heir_n to_o that_o charles_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr the_o lorriner_n pretend_v that_o rené_fw-fr have_v a_o daughter_n name_v yoland_n from_o which_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n be_v descend_v can_v not_o lawful_o disinherit_v his_o grandchild_n to_o give_v his_o estate_n to_o charles_n du_fw-fr maine_n his_o nephew_n to_o which_o the_o french_a answer_n two_o thing_n 1._o that_o province_n be_v a_o purchase_n of_o rené_fw-fr who_o can_v dispose_v of_o it_o 2._o and_o that_o province_n use_v the_o civil_a or_o roman_a law_n by_o which_o testament_n be_v free_a but_o the_o discussion_n of_o that_o point_n be_v for_o another_o place_n howsoever_o this_o remain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o the_o french_a king_n after_o they_o have_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o county_n of_o province_n above_o 270._o year_n and_o the_o invader_n of_o naples_n never_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o which_o indeed_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o but_o the_o reason_n whereby_o we_o shall_v exclude_v they_o hereafter_o from_o any_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n will_v serve_v also_o to_o invalid_a their_o claim_n upon_o province_n paragraphe_n iii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n 1._o the_o burgundian_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n or_o some_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o north_n in_o that_o great_a inundation_n of_o northern_a people_n over_o the_o roman_a empire_n about_o the_o year_n 400._o found_v a_o state_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n about_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n and_o rhone_n and_o near_o the_o alps_n and_o that_o state_n have_v begin_v an._n 407._o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o child_n of_o the_o great_a clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o and_o last_v about_o six_o score_n year_n 2._o since_o which_o time_n under_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n burgundy_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o orleans_n some_o part_n of_o it_o also_o belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n and_o austrasia_n and_o in_o the_o end_n the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n and_o that_o of_o burgundy_n become_v all_o one_o till_o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a that_o part_n of_o burgundy_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o portion_n of_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n the_o other_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n be_v allot_v to_o france_n and_o be_v a_o considerable_a member_n of_o the_o same_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o fee_n make_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o
dolphin_n francis_n but_o be_v since_o neglect_v that_o au_o thenticall_a union_n of_o britain_n with_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v dispute_v since_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n do_v intervene_v and_o that_o in_o all_o public_a business_n all_o private_a right_n must_v bow_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o public_a good_a salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lexesto_fw-la 3._o beside_o ever_o since_o john_n of_o montford_n by_o the_o battle_n of_o auray_n an._n 1364._o remain_v master_n of_o the_o duchy_n and_o exclude_v jane_n his_o cosen-german_a wife_n to_o charles_n de_fw-fr blois_n object_v that_o she_o be_v a_o woman_n and_o that_o woman_n be_v not_o capable_a heir_n of_o estate_n of_o that_o nature_n since_o that_o time_n i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v affirm_v that_o female_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n of_o britain_n and_o that_o if_o anne_n wife_n to_o the_o two_o king_n charles_n the_o vii_o and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o be_v admit_v to_o it_o it_o be_v by_o toleration_n for_o by_o right_n after_o the_o death_n of_o francis_n the_o last_o duke_n the_o duchy_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o true_o francis_n the_o last_o duke_n by_o his_o great_a revolt_n have_v give_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o sovereign_n to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o estate_n 4._o the_o french_a also_o may_v here_o set_v up_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n which_o exclude_v stranger_n &_o admit_v none_o but_o regnicolae_fw-la inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o succession_n which_o must_v especial_o be_v observe_v in_o great_a estate_n and_o most_o of_o all_o in_o those_o that_o owe_v a_o liege_n homage_n for_o whereas_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n do_v owe_v personal_a service_n to_o the_o king_n how_o can_v a_o woman_n bear_v in_o spain_n tie_v with_o blood_n and_o interest_n unto_o a_o house_n always_o jealous_a and_o often_o declare_v enemy_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n perform_v that_o part_n of_o her_o duty_n to_o the_o crown_n a_o duty_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o state_n unto_o which_o the_o establish_n of_o all_o fee_n must_v have_v regard_n 6._o the_o french_a may_v deal_v beside_o with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o right_a of_o represal_n for_o since_o that_o house_n withhold_v so_o many_o dutchy_n and_o county_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n without_o any_o recompense_n or_o satisfaction_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o bind_v to_o give_v ear_n to_o their_o pretence_n upon_o so_o little_a ground_n second_o point_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n upon_o that_o of_o austria_n a_o book_n be_v publish_v an._n 1634._o entitle_v inquisition_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n and_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n dutchy_n country_n town_n and_o country_n usurp_v by_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o the_o most_o christian_a king_n compose_v by_o cassan_n the_o king_n advocate_n in_o the_o fresidial_a of_o bezier_n wherein_o all_o that_o we_o have_v to_o say_v of_o this_o matter_n be_v full_o and_o curious_o set_v down_o which_o though_o we_o will_v but_o summary_o relate_v yet_o we_o hope_v to_o add_v something_o to_o it_o both_o for_o order_n and_o matter_n we_o will_v stand_v here_o only_o upon_o those_o right_n which_o be_v dispute_v against_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n both_o because_o it_o be_v our_o present_a business_n and_o because_o all_o other_o claim_v be_v stale_a and_o of_o small_a importance_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v either_o ancient_a and_o almost_o wear_v out_o as_o the_o pretence_n upon_o castilia_n portugal_n arragon_n catalonia_n or_o late_a and_o important_a upon_o dominion_n to_o which_o they_o maintain_v their_o right_n and_o claim_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o hinder_v a_o prescription_n join_v to_o their_o claim_n active_a prosecution_n by_o arm_n though_o i_o may_v omit_v those_o first_o pretence_n as_o too_o stale_a yet_o i_o will_v here_o set_v they_o down_o among_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o information_n of_o curious_a reader_n all_o the_o pretence_n either_o new_a or_o old_a of_o the_o french_a upon_o the_o spaniard_n be_v either_o within_o or_o without_o spain_n in_o that_o peninsula_n call_v spain_n enclose_v within_o the_o great_a ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenees_n since_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o petty_a state_n under_o the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n dutchy_n county_n etc._n etc._n into_o which_o that_o great_a province_n be_v divide_v either_o by_o the_o moor_n when_o they_o conquer_v the_o land_n or_o by_o the_o christian_n when_o they_o reconquer_v it_o and_o it_o be_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n since_o there_o be_v yet_o five_o remarkable_a distinct_a sovereignty_n in_o spain_n castilia_n arragon_n navarra_n portugal_n and_o granada_n four_o of_o which_o castilia_n arragon_n navarra_n and_o granada_n be_v unite_v by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a portugal_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n an_z 1580._o under_o philip_n the_o ii_o for_o here_o i_o speak_v not_o yet_o of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o portugais_n and_o catalans_n which_o have_v cut_v off_o two_o considerable_a limb_n of_o that_o great_a body_n of_o which_o we_o will_v say_v more_o before_o we_o have_v do_v this_o be_v not_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o examine_v how_o these_o several_a state_n be_v found_v and_o how_o unite_v as_o they_o be_v now_o we_o consider_v only_o that_o there_o be_v six_o piece_n within_o spain_n upon_o which_o the_o french_a have_v pretence_n castilia_n portugal_n navarra_n arragon_n catalonia_n and_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o out_o of_o spain_n they_o claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n and_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n paragraphe_n i._o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n the_o saracen_n moor_n have_v invade_v spain_n a_o 713_o be_v manful_o oppose_v by_o two_o catholic_a prince_n inigo_n imenes_n surname_v arista_n count_n of_o bigorre_n who_o conquer_v upon_o they_o part_n of_o the_o pyrenees_n and_o found_v the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o suprarba_n call_v afterward_o navarra_n the_o other_o prince_n be_v don_n pelagus_fw-la uncle_n or_o cousin_n to_o king_n rodriguez_n dispossess_v before_o by_o the_o saracen_n this_o prince_n found_v a_o kingdom_n towards_o asturia_n call_v gallicia_n or_o leon_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o oviedo_n he_o and_o his_o descendant_n and_o people_n stretch_v themselves_o towards_o the_o plain_n recover_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n and_o build_v many_o castle_n upon_o their_o frontier_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o saracen_n whence_o the_o country_n be_v call_v castilia_n which_o remain_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o oviedo_n till_o the_o year_n 896._o when_v the_o castilian_n incense_v against_o their_o king_n frocla_n who_o have_v usurp_v the_o state_n of_o his_o nephew_n canton_v themselves_o and_o choose_v two_o sovereign_a judge_n the_o two_o first_o be_v nugno_fw-la rasuro_fw-la and_o flavio_n galvo_n but_o about_o 40_o year_n after_o a_o 939._o sanchez_n king_n of_o oviedo_n and_o leon_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o castilia_n and_o reunite_v it_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o oviedo_n where_o it_o remain_v till_o dom_n sanchez_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o navarra_n who_o have_v castilia_n by_o his_o wife_n make_v that_o famous_a partage_n between_o his_o three_o son_n give_v navarra_n to_o garcias_n his_o elder_a son_n to_o ferdinando_n castilia_n and_o leon_n and_o to_o ramires_n his_o bastard_n arragon_n that_o partage_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 1036._o which_o be_v the_o date_n of_o the_o birth_n and_o distinction_n of_o those_o three_o state_n in_o spain_n from_o that_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o castilia_n descend_v long_o after_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o the_o father_n of_o three_o child_n one_o son_n call_v henry_n and_o two_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o berengera_fw-mi henry_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n blanch_n be_v marry_v to_o lewis_n the_o viii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o be_v mother_n of_o st_n lewis_n berengera_fw-mi be_v marry_v to_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o leon_n after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n blanch_n as_o the_o elder_a be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o castilia_n and_o beringera_fw-mi have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o be_v the_o young_a yet_o because_o beringera_fw-mi be_v within_o the_o country_n and_o blanch_n live_v in_o france_n very_o far_o she_o seize_v upon_o the_o state_n and_o with_o it_o invest_v her_o son_n ferdinand_n although_o many_o of_o the_o grandee_n oppose_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o right_n