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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
country_n	call_v	great_a	lake_n	1,464	5	9.8196	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46303	New-Englands rarities discovered in birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, and plants of that country : together with the physical and chyrurgical remedies wherewith the natives constantly use to cure their distempers, wounds, and sores : also a perfect description of an Indian squa ... with a poem not improperly conferr'd upon her : lastly, a chronological table of the most remarkable passages in that country amongst the English : illustrated with cuts / by John Josselyn, Gent.	Josselyn, John, fl. 1630-1675.	1672 (1672)	Wing J1093; ESTC R20038	31,976	126

New-Englands RARITIES Discovered IN Birds Beasts Fishes Serpents and Plants of that Country Together with The Physical and Chyrurgical REMEDIES wherewith the Natives constantly use to Cure their DISTEMPERS WOUNDS and SORES ALSO A perfect Description of an Indian SQUA in all her Bravery with a POEM not improperly conferr'd upon her LASTLY A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of the most remarkable Passages in that Country amongst the ENGLISH Illustrated with CUTS By IOHN IOSSELYN Gent. London Printed for G. Widdowes at the Green Dragon in St. Pauls Church yard 1672. To the highly obliging His honoured Friend and Kinsman SAMUEL FORTREY Esq SIR IT was by your assistance enabling me that I commenc'd a Voyage into those remote parts of the World known to us by the painful Discovery of that memorable Gentleman Sir Fran. Drake Your bounty then and formerly hath engaged a retribution of my Gratitude and not knowing how to testifie the same unto you otherwayes I have although with some reluctancy adventured to obtrude upon you these rude and indigested Eight Tears Observations wherein whether I shall more shame my self or injure your accurate Iudgment and better Employment in the perusal is a question We read of Kings and Gods that kindly took A Pitcher fill'd with Water from the Brook The Contemplation whereof well-knowing your noble and generous Disposition hath confirm'd in me the hope that you will pardon my presumption and accept the tender of the fruits of my Travel after this homely manner and my self as Sir Your highly obliged most humble Servant John Josselyn New-Englands RARITIES Discovered IN the year of our Lord 1663. May 28. upon an Invitation from my only Brother I departed from London and arrived at Boston the chief Town in the Massachusets a Colony of Englishmen in New-England the 2●… th of Iuly following Boston whose longitude is 315 deg and 42 deg 30 min. of North Latitude is built on the South-west side of a Bay large enough for the Anchorage of 500 Sail of Ships the Buildings are handsome joyning one to the other as in London with many large streets most of them paved with pebble stone in the high street towards the Common there are fair Buildings some of stone and at the East End of the Town one amongst the rest built by the Shore by Mr. Gibs a Merchant being a stately Edifice which it is thought will stand him in little less than 3000 l. before it be fully finished The Town is not divided into Parishes yet they have three fair Meeting houses or Churches which hardly suffice to receive the Inhabitants and Strangers that come in from all parts Having refreshed my self here for some time and opportunely lighting upon a passage in a Bark belonging to a Friend of my Brothers and bound to the Eastward I put to sea again and on the Fifteenth of August I arrived at Black-point otherwise called Scarborow the habitation of my beloved Brother being about an hundred leagues to the Eastward of Boston here I resided eight years and made it my business to discover all along the Natural Physical and Chyrurgical Rarities of this New-found World New-England is said to begin at 40 and to end at 46 of Northerly Latitude that is from de la Ware Bay to New-found-Land The Sea Coasts are accounted wholsomest the East and South Winds coming from Sea produceth warm weather the Northwest coming over land causeth extremity of Cold and many times strikes the Inhabitants both English and Indian with that sad Disease called there the Plague of the Back but with us Em●…iema The Country generally is Rocky and Mountanous and extremely overgrown with wood yet here and there beautified with large rich Valleys wherein are Lakes ten twenty yea sixty miles in compass out of which our great Rivers have their Beginnings Fourscore miles upon a direct line to the Northwest of Scarborow a Ridge of Mountains run Northwest and Northeast an hundred Leagues known by the name of the White Mountains upon which lieth Snow all the year and is a Land-mark twenty miles off at Sea It is rising ground from the Sea shore to these Hills and they are inaccessible but by the Gullies which the dissolved Snow hath made in these Gullies grow Saven Bushes which being taken hold of are a good help to the climbing Discoverer upon the top of the highest of these Mountains is a large Level or Plain of a days journey over whereon nothing grows but Moss at the farther end of this Plain is another Hill called the Sugar-loaf to outward appearance a rude heap of massie stones piled one upon another and you may as you ascend step from one stone to another as if you were going up a pair of stairs but winding still about the Hill till you come to the top which will require half a days time and yet it is not above a Mile where there is also a Level of about an Acre of ground with a pond of clear water in the midst of it which you may hear run down but how it ascends is a mystery From this rocky Hill you may see the whole Country round about it is far above the lower Clouds and from hence we beheld a Vapour like a great Pillar drawn up by the Sun Beams out of a great Lake or Pond into the Air where it was formed into a Cloud The Country beyond these Hills Northward is daunting terrible being full of rocky Hills as thick as Mole-hills in a Meadow and cloathed with infinite thick Woods New-England is by some affirmed to be an Island bounded on the North with the River Canada so called from Monsieur Cane on the South with the River Mohegan or Hudsons River so called because he was the first that discovered it Some will have America to be an Island which out of question must needs be if there be a Northeast passage found out into the South Sea it contains 1152400000 Acres The discovery of the Northwest passage which lies within the River of Canada was undertaken with the help of some Protestant Frenchmen which left Canada and retired to Boston about the year 1669. The Northeast people of America i. e. New-England c. are judged to be Tartars called Samoades being alike in complexion shape habit and manners see the Globe Their Language is very significant using but few words every word having a diverse signification which is exprest by their gesture as when they hold their head of one side the word signifieth one thing holding their hand up when they pronounce it signifieth another thing Their Speeches in their Assemblies are very gravely delivered commonly in perfect Hexamiter Verse with great silence and attention and answered again ex tempore after the same manner Having given you some short Notes concerning the Country in general I shall now enter upon the proposed Discovery of the Natural Physical and Chyrurgical Rarities and that I may methodically deliver them unto you I shall cast them into this form 1. Birds 2.

a great flea which I presume will make good Cutchenele ordered as they should be before they come to have Wings They make a perfect Scarlet Colour to Paint with and durable 4. Of such Plants as have sprung up since the English Planted and kept Cattle in New-England COuch Grass Shepherds Purse Dandelion Groundsel Sow Thistle Wild Arrach Night Shade with the white Flower Nettlesstinging which was the first Plant taken notice of Mallowes Plantain which the Indians call English-Mans Foot as though produced by their treading Black Henbane Wormwood Sharp pointed Dock Patience Bloodwort And I suspect Adders Tongue Knot Grass Cheek weed Compherie with the white Flower May weed excellent for the Mother some of our English Houswives call it Iron Wort and make a good Unguent for old Sores The great C●…ot Bur. Mullin with the white Flower Q. What became of the influence of those Planets that produce and govern these Planets before this time I have now done with such Plants as grow wild in the Country in great plenty although I have not mentioned all I shall now in the Fifth place give you to understand what English Herbs we have growing in our Gardens that prosper there as well as in their proper Soil and of such as do not and also of such as will not grow there at all 5. Of such Garden Herbs amongst us as do thrive there and of such as do not CAbbidge growes there exceeding well Lettice Sorrel Parsley Marygold French Mallowes Chervel Burnet Winter Savory Summer Savory Time Sage Carrats Parsnips of a prodigious size Red Beetes Radishes Turnips Purslain Wheat Rye Barley which commonly degenerates into Oats Oats Pease of all sorts and the best in the World I never heard of nor did see in eight Years time one Worm eaten Pea. Garden Beans Naked Oats there called Silpee an excellent grain used insteed of Oat Meal they dry it in an Oven or in a Pan upon the fire then beat it small in a Morter Another standing Dish in New-England And when the Milk is ready to boil they put into a pottle of Milk about ten or twelve spoonfuls of this Meal so boil it leasurely stirring of it every foot least it burn too when it is almost boiled enough they hang the Kettle up higher and let it stew only in short ●…ime it will thicken like a Custard they season it with a little Sugar and Spice and so serve it to the Table in deep Basons and it is altogether as good as a White-pot For People weakned with long Sickness It exceedingly nourisheth and strengthens people weakned with long Sickness Sometimes they make Water Gruel with it and sometimes thicken their Flesh Broth either with this or Homminey if it be for Servants Spear Mint Rew will hardly grow Fetherfew prospereth exceedingly Southern Wood is no Plant for this Country Nor Rosemary Nor Bayes White Satten groweth pretty well so doth Lavender Cotton But Lavender is not for the climate Penny Royal. Smalledge Ground ●…vy or Ale Hoof. Gilly Flowers will continue two Years Fennel must be taken up and kept in a warm Cellar all Winter Housleek prospereth notably Holly hocks Enula C panae in two Years time the Roots rot Comferie with white Flowers Coriander and Dill. and Annis thrive exceedingly but Annis Seed as also the Seed of Fennel seldom come to maturity the Seed of Annis is commonly eaten with a fly Clary never lasts but one Summer the Roots rot with the Frost Sparagus thrives exceedingly so does Garden Sorrel and Sweet Bryer or Eglantine Bloodwort but sorrily but Patience and English Roses very pleasantly Celandine by the West Country men called Kenning Wort grows but slowly Muschata as well as in England Dittander or Pepper Wort flourisheth notably and so doth Tansie Musk Mellons are better then our English and. Cucumbers Pompions there be of several kinds some proper to the Country ●…y are dryer then our English Pompions and better tasted you may eat them green The ancient New-England standing Dish But the Houswives manner is to slice them when ripe and cut them into dice and so fill a pot with them of two or three Gallons and stew them upon a gentle fire a whole day and as they sink they fill again with fresh Pompions not putting any liquor to them and when it is stew'd enough it will look like bak'd Apples this they Dish putting Butter to it and a little Vinegar with some Spice as Ginger c. which makes it tart like an Apple and so serve it up to be eaten with Fish or Flesh It provokes Urin extreamly and is very windy Sixthly and lastly Of Stones Minerals Metals and Earths AS first the Emrald which grows in flat Rocks and is very good Rubies which here are very watry I have heard a story of an Indian that found a stone up in the Country by a great Pond as big as an Egg that in a dark Night would give a light to read by but I take it to be but a story Diamond which are very brittle and therefore of little worth Crystal called by our West Country Men the Kenning Stone by Sebegug Pond is found in considerable quantity not far from thence is a Rock of Crystal called the Moose Rock because in shape like a Moose and Muscovy Glass both white and purple of reasonable content Black Lead Bole Armoniack Red and Yellow Oker Terra Sigilla Vitriol Antimony Arsnick too much Lead Tin Tin Glass Silver Iron in abundance and as good bog Iron as any in the World Copper It is reported that the French have a Copper Mine at Port Royal that yieldeth them twelve Ounces of pure Copper out of a Pound of Oar. I shall conclude this Section with a strange Cure effected upon a Drummers Wife much afflicted with a Wolf in her Breast the poor Woman lived with her Husband at a Town called by the Indians Casco but by the English Famouth where for some time she swaged the Pain of her Sore by bathing it with strong Malt Beer which it would suck in greedily as if some living Creature When she could come by no more Beer for it was brought from Boston along the Coasts by Merchants she made use of Rhum a strong Water drawn from Sugar Canes with which it was lull'd a sleep at last to be rid of it altogether she put a quantity of Arsnick to the Rhum and bathing of it as formerly she utterly destroyed it and Cured her self but her kind Husband who sucked out the Poyson as the Sore was healing lost all his Teeth but without further danger or inconvenience An ADDITION of some RARITIES overslipt THe Star Fish having fine points like a Star the whole Fish no bigger then the Palm of a Mans hand of a tough substance like leather and about an Inch in thickness whitish underneath and of the Colour of a Cucumber above and somewhat ruff When it is warm in ones hand you may perceive a stiff motion turning down one point

Berries and also upon a shell-fish called a Horse-foot and are never mankind i. e. fierce but in rutting time and then they walk the Country twenty thirty forty in a company making a hideous noise with ●…oaring which you may hear a mile or ●…wo before they come so near to endanger ●…he Traveller About four years since ●…corns being very scarce up in the Coun●…ry some numbers of them came down amongst the English Plantations which generally are by the Sea side at one Town called Gorgiana in the Province of Meyn called also New-Sommerset-shire they kill'd fourscore For Aches and Cold Swellings Their Grease is very good for Aches and Cold Swellings the Indians anoint themselves therewith from top to toe which hardens them against the cold weather A black Bears Skin heretofore was worth forty shillings now you may have one for ten much used by the English for Beds and Coverlets and by the Indians for Coats For pain and lameness upon Cold. One Edw. Andrews being foxt and falling backward cross a Thought in a Shallop or Fisher-boat and taking cold upon it grew crooked lame and full of pain was cured lying one Winter upon Bears Skins newly flead off with some upon him so that he sweat every night The Wolf The Wolf of which there are two kinds one with a round ball'd Foot and are in shape like mungrel Mastiffs the other with a flat Foot these are liker Greyhounds and are called Deer Wolfs because they are accustomed to prey upon Deer A Wolf will eat a Wolf new dead and so do Bears as I suppose for their dead Carkases are never found neither by the Indian nor English They go a clicketing twelve days and have as many Whelps at a Litter as a Bitch The Indian Dog is a Creature begotten 'twixt a Wolf and a Fox which the Indians lighting upon bring up to hunt the Deer with The Wolf is very numerous and go in companies sometimes ten twenty more or fewer and so cunning that seldome any are kill'd with Guns or Traps but of late they have invented a way to destroy them by binding four Maycril Hooks a cross with a brown thread and then wrapping some Wool about them they dip them in melted Tallow till it be as round and as big as an Egg these when any Beast hath been kill'd by the Wolves they scatter by the dead Carkase after they have beaten off the Wolves about Midnight the Wolves are sure to return again to the place where they left the slaughtered Beast and the first thing they venture upon will be these balls of fat For old Aches A black Wolfs Skin is worth a Beaver Skin among the Indians being highly esteemed for helping old Aches in old people worn as a Coat they are not mankind as in Ireland and other Countries but do much harm by destroying of our English Cattle The Ounce The Ounce or Wild Cat is about the bigness of two lusty Ram Cats preys upon Deer and our English Poultrey I once found six whole Ducks in the belly of one I killed by a Pond side Their Flesh roasted is as good as Lamb and as white For Aches and shrunk Sinews Their Grease is soveraign for all manner of Aches and shrunk Sinews Their Skins are accounted good Fur but somewhat course The Raccoon The Raccoon liveth in hollow trees and is about the size of a Gib Cat they feed upon Moss and do infest our Indian Corn very much they will be exceeding fat in Autumn their flesh is somewhat dark but good food roasted For Bruises and Aches Their Fat is excellent for Bruises and Aches Their Skins are esteemed a good deep Fur but yet as the Wild Cats somewhat coarse The Porcupine The Porcupine in some parts of the Countrey Eastward towards the French are as big as an ordinary Mungrel Cur a very angry Creature and dangerous shooting a whole shower of Quills with a rowse at their enemies which are of that nature that wherever they stick in the flesh they will work through in a short time if not prevented by pulling of them out The Indians make use of their Quills which are hardly a handful long to adorn the edges of their birchen dishes and weave dying some of them red others yellow and blew curious bags or pouches in works like Turkie-work The Beaver Canis Ponticus Amphybious The Beaver whose old ones are as big as an Otter or rather bigger a Creature of a rare instinct as may apparently be seen in their artificial Dam-heads to raise the water in the Ponds where they keep and their houses having three stories which would be too large to discourse They have all of them four Cods hanging outwardly between their hinder legs two of them are soft or oyly and two solid or hard the Indians say they are Hermaphrodites For Wind in the Stomach Their solid Cods are much used in Physick Our Englishwomen in this Country use the powder grated as much as will lye upon a shilling in a draught of Fiol Wine for Wind in the Stomach and Belly and venture many times in such cases to give it to Women with Child Their Tails are flat and covered with Scales without hair which being flead off and the Tail boiled proves exceeding good meat being all Fat and as sweet as Marrow The Moose Deer The Moose Deer which is a very goodly Creature some of them twelve foot high with exceeding fair Horns with broad Palms some of them two fathom from the tip of one Horn to the other they commonly have three Fawns at a time their flesh is not dry like Deers flesh but moist and lushious somewhat like Horse flesh as they judge that have tasted of both but very wholsome The flesh of their Fawns is an incomparable dish beyond the flesh of an Asses Foal so highly esteemed by the Romans or that of young Spaniel Puppies so much cried up in our days in France and England Moose Horns better for Physick use than Harts Horns Their Horns are far better in my opinion for Physick than the Horns of other Deer as being of a stronger nature As for their Claws which both Englishmen and French make use of for Elk I cannot approve so to be from the Effects having had some trial of it besides all that write of the Elk describe him with a tuft of hair on the left Leg behind a little above the pastern joynt on the outside of the Leg not unlike the tuft as I conceive that groweth upon the Breast of a Turkie Cock which I could never yet see upon the Leg of a Moose and I have seen some number of them For Children breeding Teeth The Indian Webbes make use of the broad Teeth of the Fawns to hang about their Childrens Neck when they are breeding of their Teeth The Tongue of a grown Moose dried in the smoak after the Indian manner is a dish for a Sagamor The Maccarib The Maccarib Caribo or Pohano a kind of Deer as big as a