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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12471	The true travels, adventures, and observations of Captaine Iohn Smith, in Europe, Asia, Affrica, and America, from anno Domini 1593. to 1629 His accidents and sea-fights in the straights; his service and stratagems of warre in Hungaria, Transilvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia, against the Turks, and Tartars ... After how he was taken prisoner by the Turks, sold for a slave ... and escaped ... Together with a continuation of his generall History of Virginia, Summer-Iles, New England, and their proceedings, since 1624. to this present 1629; as also of the new plantations of the great river of the Amazons, the iles of St. Christopher, Mevis, and Barbados in the West Indies. All written by actuall authours, whose names you shall finde along the history.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver.	1630 (1630)	STC 22796; ESTC S111906	69,204	79

Turke by covenant commands to follow him so that from all those Tartars he hath had an Army of an hundred and twenty thousand excellent swift stomackfull Tartarian horse for foot they have none Now the Chan his Sultaines and nobility use Turkish Caramanian Arabian Parthian and other strange Tartarian horses the swiftest they esteeme the best seldome they feede any more at home than they have present use for but upon their plaines is a short wodde like heath in some countries like gaile full of berries farre much better than any grasse Their Armes are such as they have surprised or got from the Christians or Persians both brest-plates swords semiteres and helmets bowes and arrowes they make most themselves also their bridles and saddles are indifferent but the nobility are very handsome and well armed like the Turkes in whom consisteth their greatest glory the ordinary sort have little armor some a plaine young pole unshaven headed with a peece of iron for a lance some an old Christian pike or a Turks cavatine yet those tattertimallions will have two or three horses some foure or five as well for service as for to eat which makes their Armies seem thrice so many as there are souldiers The Chan himselfe hath about his person ten thousand chosen Tartars and Ianizaries some small Ordnance and a white mares taile with a peece of greene taffity on a great Pike is carried before him for a standard because they hold no beast so precious as a white mare whose milke is onely for the King nobility and to sacrifice to their Idolls but the rest have ensignes of dive●s colours For all this miserable knowledge furniture and equipage th● mischiefe they doe in Christendome is wonderfull by reason of their hardnesse of life and constitution obedience agilitie and their Emperours bountie honours grace and dignities he ever bestoweth upon those that have done him any memorable service in the face of his enemies The Caspian Sea most men agree that have passed it to be in length about 200. leagues and in breadth an hundred fifty environed to the East with the great desarts of the Tartars of Turkamane to the West by the Circasses and the mountaine Caucasus to the North by the river Volga and the land of Nagay and to the South by Media and Persia this sea is fresh water in many places in others as salt as the great Ocean it hath many great rivers which fall into it as the mighty river of Volga which is like a sea running neere two thousand miles through many great and large Countries that send into it many other great rivers also out of Saberya Yaick and Yem out of the great mountaine Caucasus the river Sirus Arash and divers others yet no Sea neerer it than the blacke Sea which is at least an hundred leagues distant in which Country live the Georgians now part Armenians part Nestorians it is neither found to increase or diminish or empty it selfe any way except it be under ground and in some places they can finde no ground at two hundred fadome Many other most strange and wonderfull things are in the land of Cathay towards the North-east and Chyna towards the South-east where are many of the most famous Kingdomes in the world where most arts plenty and curiosities are in such abundance as might seeme incredible which hereafter I will relate as I have briefly gathered from such authors as have lived there CHAP. XVII How captaine Smith escaped his captivity slew the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Cambia his passage to Russia Transilvania and the middest of Europe to Affrica ALL the hope he had ever to be delivered from this thraldome was only the love of Tragabigzanda who surely was ignorant of his bad usage for although he had often debated the matter with some Christians that had beene there a long time slaves they could not finde how to make an escape by any reason or possibility but God beyond mans expectation or imagination helpeth his servants when they least thinke of helpe as it hapned to him So long he lived in this miserable estate as he became a thresher at a grange in a great field more than a league from the Tymors house the Bashaw as he ost used to visit his granges visited him and rocke occasion so to beat spurne and revile him that forgetting all reason he beat out the Tymors braines with his threshing bat for they have no flailes and seeing his estate could be no worse than it was clothed himselfe in his clothes hid his body under the straw filled his knapsacke with corne shut the doores mounted his horse and ranne into the desart at all adventure two or three dayes thus fearfully wandring he knew not whither and well it was he met not any to aske the way being even as taking l●ave of this miserable world God did direct him to the great way or Castragan as they call it which doth crosse these large territories and generally knowne among them by these markes In every crossing of this great way is planted a post and in it so many bobs with broad ends as there be wayes and every bob the figure painted on it that demonstrateth to what part that way lead●th as that which pointeth towards the Cryms Country is marked with a halfe Monne if towards the Georgians and Persia a blacke man full of white spots if towards China the picture of the Sunne if towards Muscovia the signe of a Crosse if towards the habitation of any other Prince the figure whereby his standard is knowne To his dying spirits thus God added some comfort in this melancholy journey wherein if he had met any of that vilde generation they had made him their slave or knowing the figure engraven in the iron about his necke as all slaves have he had beene sent backe againe to his master sixteene dayes he travelled in this feare and torment after the Crosse till he arrived at Aecopolis upon the river Don a garrison of the Muscovites The governour after due examination of those his hard events tooke off his irons and so kindly used him he thought himselfe new risen from death and the good Lady Callamata largely supplied all his wants that the Country of Cambia is two dayes journy from the head of the great river Bruapo which springeth from many places of the mountaines of Innagachi that joyne themselves together in the Poole Kerkas which they account for the head and falleth into the Sea Dissabacca called by some the lake Meotis which receiveth also the river Tanais and all the rivers that fall from the great Countries of the Circassi the Cartaches and many from the Tauricaes Precopes Cummani Cossunka and the Cryme through which Sea he sailed and up the river Bruapo to Nalbrits and thence through the desarts of Circassi to Aecoplis as is related where he stayed with the Governour till the Convoy went to Coraguaw then with his certificate how hee

Sander Screwe Panassa Musa Lastilla to Varna an ancient Citie upon the Blacke Sea In all which journey having little more libertie than his eyes judgement since his captivitie he might see the Townes with their short Towers and a most plaine fertile and delicate Countrey especially that most admired place of Greece now called Romania but from Varna nothing but the Blacke Sea water 〈◊〉 he came to the two Capes of Taur and Pergilos where hee passed the Straight of Niger which as he conjectured is some ten leagues long and three broad betwixt two low lands the Channell is deepe but at the entrance of the Sea Dissabacca their are many great Osie-shou●ds and many great blacke ro●kes which the Turkes said were trees weeds and mud throwen from the in-land Countryes by the inundations and violence of the Current and cast there by the Eddy They sayled by many low Iles and saw many more of those muddy ro●kes and nothing else but salt water till they came betwixt Susax and Curuske only two white townes at the entrance of the river Bruapo appeared In six or seven dayes saile he saw foure or five seeming strong castles of stone with flat tops and battlements about them but arriving at Cambia he was according to their custome well used The river was there more than halfe a mile broad The Castle was of a large circumference foure●●ene or fifteene foot thicke in the foundation some six foot from the wall is a Paliizado and then a Ditch of about fortie foot broad full of water On the west side of it is a Towne all of low flat houses which as be conceived could bee of no great strength yet it keepes all them barbarous Countreyes about it in admiration and subjection After he had stayed there three dayes it was two dayes more before his guides brought him to Nalbrits where the Tymor then was resident in a great vast stonie Castle with many great Courts about it invironed with high stone wals where was quartered their Armes when they first subjected those Countreyes which only live to labour for those tyrannicall Turkes To her unkinde brother this kinde Ladie writ so much for his good usage that hee halfe suspected as much as she intended for shee told him he should there but sojourne to learne the language and what it was to be a Turke till time made her Master of her selfe But the Tymor her brother diverted all this to the worst of crueltie for within an hour● after his arrivall he caused his Drub-man to strip him naked and shave his head and beard so bare as his hand a great ring of iron with a long stalke bowed like a sickle rivetted about his necke and a coat made of Vlgries haire guarded about with a peece of an undrest skinne There were many more Christian slaves and neere an hundred Forsados of Turkes and Moores and he being the last was slave of slaves to them all Among these slavish fortunes there was no great choice for the best was so bad a dog could hardly have lived to endure and yet for all their paines and labours no more regarded than a beast CHAP. XIII The Turkes diet the Slaves diet the attire of the Tartars and manner of Warres and Religions c. THe Tymor and his friends fed upon Pillaw which is boiled Rice and Garnances with little bits of mutton or Buckones which is rosted peeces of Horse Bull Vlgrie or any beasts Samboyses and Muselbit are great dainties and yet but round pies full of all sorts of flesh they can get chopped with varietie of herbs Their best drinke is Coffa of a graine they call Coava boiled with water and Sherbecke which is only honey and water M●res milke or the milke of any beast they hold restorative but all the Comminaltie drinke pure water Their bread is made of this Coava which is a kinde of blacke whea● and Cuskus a small white seed like Millya in Biskay but our common victuall the entrailes of Horse and Vlgries of this cut in small peeces they will fill a great Cauldron and being boiled with Cuskus and put in great bowles in the forme of chaffing-dishes they sit round about it on the ground after they haue raked it thorow so oft as they please with their soule fists the remainder was for the Christian slaves Some of this broth they would temper with Cuskus pounded and putting the fire off from the hearth powre there a bowle full then cover it with co●les till it be baked which stewed with the remainder of the broth and some small peeces of flesh was an extraordinarie daintie The better sort are attired like Turkes but the plaine Tartar hath a blacke sheepe skinne over his backe and two of the legs tied about his necke the other two about his middle with another over his belly and the legs tied in the like manner behinde him then two more made like a paire of b●ses serveth him for breeches with a little close cap to his skull of blacke felt and they use exceeding much of this felt for carpets for bedding for Coats and Idols Their houses are much worse than your Irish but the In-land Countreyes have none but Carts and Tents which they ever remove from Countrey to Countrey as they see occasion driving with them infinite troopes of blacke sheepe Cattell and Vlgries eating all vp before them as they goe For the Tartars of Nagi they have neither Towne nor house corne nor drinke but flesh and milke The milke they keepe in great skinnes like Burracho's which though it be never so sower it agreeth well with their strong stomackes They live all in Hordias as doth the Crim-Tartars three or foure hundred in a company in great Carts fifteene or sixteene foot broad which is covered with small rods wattled together in the forme of a birds nest turned vpwards and with the ashes of bones tempered with oile Camels haire and a clay they have they lome them so well that no weather will pierce them and yet verie light Each Hordia hath a Murse which they obey as their King Their Gods are infinite One or two thousand of those glittering white Carts drawen with Camels Deere Buls and Vlgries they bring round in a ring where they pitch their Campe and the Murse with his chiefe alliances are placed in the midst They doe much hurt when they can get any Stroggs which are great boats used upon the river Volga which they call Edle to them that dwell in the Countrey of Perolog and would doe much more were it not for the Muscovites Garrisons that there inhabit CHAP. XIIII The description of the Crym-Tartars their houses and carts their Idolatry in their lodgings NOw you are to understand Tartary and Scythia are all one but so large and spacious few or none could ever perfectly describe it nor all the severall kinds of those most barbarous people that inhabit it Those we call the Crym-Tartars border

went thither and finding my relations true and that I had not taken that I brought home from the French men as had beene reported yet further for my paines to discredit me and my calling it New England they obscured it and shadowed it with the title of Cannada till at my humble suit it pleased our most Royall King Charles whom God long keepe blesse and preserve then Prince of Wales to confirme it with my map and booke by the the title of New England the gaine thence returning did make the same thereof so increase that thirty forty or fifty saile went yearly only to trade and fish but nothing would bee done for a plantation till about some hundred of your Brownists of England Amsterdam and Leyden went to New Plimouth whose humorous ignorances caused them for more than a yeare to endure a wonderfull deale of misery with an infinite patience saying my books and maps were much better cheape to teach them than my selfe many other have used the like good husbandry that have payed soundly in trying their selfewilled conclusions but those in time doing well divers others have in small handfulls undertaken to goe there to be severall Lords and Kings of themselves but most vanished to nothing notwithstanding the fishing ships made such good returnes at last it was ingrossed by twenty Pattenties that divided my map into twenty parts and cast lots for their shares but mony not comming in as they expected procured a Proclamation none should goe thither without their licences to fish but for every thirty tunnes of shipping to pay them five pounds besides upon great penalties neither to trade with the natives cut downe wood for their stages without giving satisfaction though all the Country is nothing but wood and none to make use of it with many such other pretences for to make this Country plant it selfe by its owne wealth hereupon most men grew so discontented that few or none would goe so that the Pattenties who never one of them had beene there seeing those projects would not prevaile have since not hindred any to goe that would that within these few last yeares more have gone thither than ever Now this yeare 1629. a great company of people of good ranke zeal meanes and quality have made a great stocke and with six good ships in the moneths of Aprill and May they set saile from Thames for the Bay of the Massachuselts otherwise called Charles River viz. the George Bonaventure of twenty peeces of Ordnance the Talbot nineteene the Lions-whelpe eight the May-flower fourteene the Foure Sisters foureteene the Pilgrim foure with three hundred and fifty men women and children also an hundred and fifteene head of Cattell as horse mares and neat beast one and forty goats some Conies with all provision for houshold and apparell six peeces of great Ordnance for a Fort with Muskets Pikes Corselets Drums Colours with all provisions necessary for a plantation for the good of man other particulars I understand of no more than is writ in the generall historie of those Countries But you are to understand that the noble Lord chiefe Iustice Popham Iudge Doderege the Right Honourable Earles of Pembroke Southampton Salesbury and the rest as I take it they did all thinke as I and them went with me did That had those two Countries beene planted as it was intended that no other nation should come plant betwixt us If ever the King of Spaine and we should fall foule those Countries being so capable of all materialls for shipping by this might have beene owners of a good Fleet of ships and to have releeved a whole Navy from England upon occasion yea and to have furnished England with the most Easterly commodities and now since seeing how conveniently the Summer Iles fell to our shares so neere the West Indies wee might with much more facility than the Dutchmen hav● invaded the West Indies that doth now put in practice what so long hath beene advised on by many an honest English States-man Those Countries Ca●taine Smith oft times used to call his children that never had mother well he might for few fathers ever payed dearer for so little consent and for those that would truly understand how many strange accidents hath befallen them and him how oft up how oft downe sometimes neere desperate and ere long flourishing cannot but conceive Gods infinite mercies and favours towards them Had his designes beene to have perswaded men to a mine of gold though few doth conceive either the charge or paines in refining it nor the power nor care to defend it or some new Invention to passe to the South Sea or some strange plot to invade some strange Monastery or some portable Countrie or some chargeable Fleet to take some rich Carocks in the East Indies or Letters of Mart to rob some poore Merchants what multitudes of both people and mony would contend to be first imployed but in those noble endevours now how few of quality unlesse it be to beg some Monopolie and those seldome seeke the common good but the commons goods as you may reade at large in his generall history page 217 218 219. his generall observations and reasons for this plantation for yet those Countries are not so forward but they may become as miserable as ever if better courses be not taken than is as this Smith will plainly demonstrate to his Majesty or any other noble person of ability liable generously to undertake it how within a short time to make Virginia able to resist any enemy that as yet lieth open to all and yeeld the King more custome within these few yeares in certaine staple commodities than ever it did in Tobacco which now not being worth bringing home the custome will bee as uncertaine to the King as dangerous to the plantations CHAP. XXIIII A briefe discourse of divers voyages made unto the goodly Countrey of Guiana and the great River of the Amazons relating also the present Plantation there IT is not unknowen how that most industrious honourable Knight Sir Walter Rauleigh in the yeare of our Lord 1595. taking the I le of Trinidado fell with the Coast of Guiana Northward of the Line ten degrees and coasted the Coast and searched up the River Oranoca where understanding that twentie severall voyages had beene made by the Spanyards in discovering this Coast and River to finde a passage to the great Citie of Mano called by them the Eldorado or the Golden Citie he did his utmost to have found some better satisfaction than relations But meanes failing him hee left his trustie servant Francis Sparrow to seeke it who wandring up and downe those Countreyes some foureteene or fifteene yeares unexpectedly returned I have heard him say he was led blinded into this Citie by Indians but little discourse of any purpose touching the largenesse of the report of it his body seeming as a man of an uncurable consumption short●● dyed here after in

Common-wealths built many great and strong Cities and where is it they have not beene by trade or force no not so much as Cape de Verd and Sermleone but most Bayes or Rivers where there is any trade to bee had especially gold or conveniencie for refreshment but they are scattered living so amongst those Blacks by time and cunning they seeme to bee naturalized amongst them As for the Isles of the Canaries they have faire Townes many Villages and many thousands of people rich in commodities Ordoardo Lopez a noble Portugall Anno Dom. 1578. imbarquing himselfe for Congo to trade where he found such entertainment finding the King much oppressed with enemies hee found meanes to bring in the Portugalls to assist him whereby he planted there Christian Religion and spent m●st of his life to bring those Countreyes to the Crowne of Portugall which he describeth in this manner The Kingdome of Congo is about 600. miles diameter any way the chiefe Citie called St. Savadore seated upon an exceeding high mountaine 150. miles from the Sea verie fertile and inhabited with more than 100000. persons where is an excellent prospect over all the plaine Countreyes about it well watered lying as it were in the Center of this Kingdome over all which the Portugalls now command though but an handfull in comparison of Negroes They have flesh and fruits verie plentifull of divers sorts This Kingdom is divided into five Provinces viz. Bamba Sundi Pango Batta and Pembo but Bamba is the principall and can affoord 400000. men of warre Elephants are bred over all those Provinces and of wonderfull greatnesse though some report they cannot kneele nor lye downe they can doe both and have their joynts as other creatures for use with their fore-seet they will leape upon trees to pull downe the boughes and are of that strength they will shake a great Cocar tree for the nuts and pull downe a good tree with their ruskes to get the leaves to eat as well as sedge and long grasse Cocar nuts and berries c. which with their trunke they put in their mouth and chew it with their smaller teeth in most of those Provinces are many rich mines but the Negars opposed the Portugalls for working in them The Kingdome of Angola is wonderfull populous and rich in mines of silver copper and most other mettalls fruitfull in all manner of food and sundry sorts of cattell but dogges fl●sh they love better than any other meat they use few clothes and no Armour bowes arrowes and clubs are their weapons But the Portugalls are well armed against those engines and doe buy yearely of those Blacks more than five thousand sl●ves and many are people exceeding well proportioned The Anchicos are a most valiant nation but most strange to all about them Their Armes are Bowes short and small wrapped about with serpents skinnes of divers colours but so smooth you would thinke them all one with the wood and it makes them very strong their strings little twigs but exceeding tough and flexible their arrow●s short which they shoot with an incredible quic●nesse They have short axes of brasse and copper for swords wonderfull loyall and faithfull and exceeding simple yet so active they skip amongst the rockes like goats They trade with them of Nubea and Congo for Lamache which is a small kinde of shell fish of an excellent azure colour male and female but the female they hold most pure they value them at divers prices because they are of divers sorts and those they use for coine to buy and sell as we doe gold and silver nor will they have any other money in all those Countries for which they give Elephants teeth and slaves for salt silke linnen cloth glasse-beads and such like Portugall commodities They circumcise themselves and marke their faces with sundry flashes from their infancie They keepe a shambles of mans flesh as if it were beefe or other victuall for when they cannot have a good market for their slaves or their enemies they take they kill and sell them in this manner some are so resolute in shewing how much they scorne death they will offer themselves and slaves to this butchery to their Prince and friends and though there be many nations will eat their enemies in America and Asia yet none but those are knowne to be so mad as to cat their slaves and friends also Religions and idolls they have as many as nations and humours but the devill hath the greatest part of their devotions whom all those Blacks doe say is white for there are no Saints but Blacks But besides those great Kingdomes of Congo Angola and Azichi in those unfrequented parts are the kingdomes of Lango Matania Buttua ●ofola Mozambeche Quivola the Isle of Saint Lawrence Mombaza Meli●da the Empires of Monomatopa Monemugi and Presbiter Iohn with whom they have a kinde of trade and their rites customes climates temperatures and commodities by relation Also of great Lakes that deserve the names of Seas and huge mountaines of divers sorts as some scorched with heat some covered with snow the mountaines of the Sunne also of the Moone some of crystall some of iron some of silver and mountaines of gold with the originall of Nilus likewise sundry forts of cattell fishes Fowles strange beasts and monstrous serpents for Affrica was alwayes noted to be a fruitfull mother of such terrible creatures who meeting at their watering places which are but Ponds in desart places in regard of the heat of the Country and their extremities of nature make strange copulations and so ingender those extraordinary monsters Of all these you may reade in the history of this Edward Lopez translated into English by Abraham Hartwell and dedicated to Iohn Lord Archbishop of Canterbury 1597. But because the particul●rs are most concerning the conversion of those Pagans by a good poore Priest that first converted a Noble man to convert the King and the rest of the Nobility sent for so many Priests and ornaments into Portugall to solemnize their baptismes with such magnificence which was performed with such strange curiosities that those poore Negros adored them as Gods till the P●iests grew to that wealth a Bishop was sent to rule over them which they would not endure which endangered to spoile all before they could bee reconciled But not to trouble you too long with those rarities of uncertainties let us returne againe to Barbary where the warres being ended and Befferres possessed of Morocco and his fathers treasure a new bruit arose amongst them that Muly Sidan was raising an Armie against him who after tooke his brother Befferres prisoner but by reason of the uncertainty and the perfidious treacherous bloudy murthers rather than warre amongst those perfidious barbarous Moores Smith returned with Merham and the rest to Saffe and so aboard his Ship to try some other conclusions at Sea CHAP. XX. A brave Sea fight betwixt two Spanish men of

this last yeare was there at least two or th●ee and twenty saile They have oft much salt fi●h from New England but fresh fish enough when they will take it Peaches in abundance at Kecoughtan Apples Peares Apricocks Vines figges and other fruits some have planted that prosper●d ●xceedin●ly but their diligence about Tobacco left them to be spoiled by the c●ttell yet now they beginne to revive Mistresse Pearce an honest indus●rious woman hath beene there neere twentie yeares and now returned sait● shee hath a Garden at Iames towne containing three ●r s●me a●●e● where in one yeare shee hath gathered neere an hundred b●shels of ●x●ellent figges and that of her owne provision she can keepe a b●tter house in Virginia than here in London for 3. or 400. pounds a yeare yet went thither with little or nothing They have some tame geese ducks and turkies The masters now do so traine up their servants and youth in shooting deere and fowle that the youths will kill them as well as their Mast●●s They have two brew-houses but they finde the Indian corne so much better than ours they beginne to leave sow●●g it Their Cities and Townes are onely scattered houses they call plantations as are our Country Villages but no Ordnance mounted The Forts Captaine Smith left a building so ruined there is scarce mention where they were no discoveries of any thing more than the curing of Tobacco by which hitherto being so present a commodity of gaine it hath brought them to this abundance but that they are so disjoynted and every one commander of himselfe to plant what he will they are now so well provided that they are able to subsist and if they would joyne together now to worke upon Sope-ashes Iron R●pe-oile Mader Pitch and Tarre Flax and Hempe as for their Tobacco there comes from many places such abundance and the charge so great it is not worth the bringing home There is gone and now a going divers Ships as Captaine Perse Captaine Prine with Sir Iohn Harvy to be their governour with two or three hundred people there is also some Bristow and other parts of the West Country a preparing which I heartily pray to God to blesse and send them a happy and prosperous voyage Nathaniel Causie Master Hutchins Master Floud Iohn Davis William Emerson Master William Barnet Master Cooper and others CHAP. XXII The proceedings and present estate of the Summer Iles from An. Dom. 1624 to this present 1629. FRom the Summer Iles Master Ireland and divers others report their Forts O●dnance and proceedings are much as they were in the yeare 1622. as you may read in the generall History page 199. Captaine Woodhouse governour There are few sorts of any fruits in the West Indies but they grow there in abundance yet the fertility of the soile in many places decayeth being planted every yeare for their Plantaines which is a most delicate fruit they have lately found a way by pickling or drying them to bring them over into England there beinq no such fruit in Europe wonderfull for increase For fish flesh figs wine and all sorts of most excellent hearbs fruits and rootes they have in abundance In this Governours time a kinde of Whale or rather a Iubarta was driven on shore in Southampton tr●be from the west over an infinite number of rocks so bruised that the water in the Bay where she lay was all oily and the rocks about it all bedasht with Parmacitty congealed like ice a good quantity we gathered with which we commonly cured any byle hurt or bruise some burnt it in their lamps which blowing out the very snuffe will burne so long as there is any of the oile remaining for two or three dayes together The next Governour was Captaine Philip Bell whose time being expired Captaine Roger Wodd possessed his place a worthy Gentleman of good desert and hath lived a long time in the Country their numbers are about two or three thousand men women and children who increase there exceedingly their greatest complaint is want of apparell and too much custome and too many officers the pity is there are more men than women yet no great mischiefe because there is so much lesse pride the cattell they have increase exceedingly their forts are well maintained by the Merchants here and Planters there to be briefe this I le is an excellent bit to rule great horse All the Cohow birds and Egbirds are gone seldome any wilde cats seene no Rats to speake of but the wormes are yet very troublesome the people very healthfull and the Ravens gone fish enough but not so neere the shore as it used by the much beating it it is an I le that hath such a rampire and a ditch and for the quantity so manned victualled and fortified as few in the world doe exceed it or is like it The 22. of March two ships came from thence the Peter-Bonaventure neere two hundred tunnes and sixteene peeces of Ordnance the Captaine Thomas Sherwin The Master Master Edward Some like him in condition a goodly lusty proper valiant man the Lydia wherein was Master Anthony Thorne a smaller ship were chased by eleuen ships of Dunkerk being thus overmatched Captaine Sherwin was taken by them in Turbay only his valiant Master was slaine the ship with about seventy English men they carried betwixt Dover and Callis to Dunk●rk but the Lydia safely recovered Dartmouth These noble adventurers for all those losses patiently doe beare them but they hope the King and state will understand it is worth keeping though it afford nothing but Tobacco and that now worth little or nothing custome and fraught payed yet it is worth keeping and not supplanting though great men feele not those losses yet Gardiners Carpenters and Smiths doe pay for it From the relation of Robert Chesteven and others Chap. XXIII The proceedings and present estate of New England Since 1614. to this present 1629. WHen I went first to the North part of Virginia where the Westerly Colony had beene planted it had dissolved it selfe within a yeare and there was not one Christian in all the land I was set forth at the sole charge of foure Merchants of London the Country being then reputed by your westerlings a most rockie barren desolate desart but the good returne I brought from thence with the maps and relations I made of the Country which I made so manifest some of them did beleeve me and they were well embraced both by the Londoners and Westerlings for whom I had promised to undertake it thinking to have joyned them all together but that might well have become a worke for Hercules Betwixt them long there was much contention the Londoners indeed went bravely forward but in three or foure yeares I and my friends consumed many hundred pounds amongst the Plimothians who only sed me but with delayes promises and excuses but no performance of any thing to any purpose In the interim many particular ships

furnished with all necessaries being about the number of an hundred and since increased to an hundred and fifty persons whereof many were old planters of Saint Christophers especially Master Anthony Hinton and Master Edward Tompson But because all those Iles for most part are so capable to produce and in nature like each other let this discourse serve for the description of them all Thus much concerning those plantations which now after all this time losse and charge should they be abandoned suppressed and dissolved were most lamentable and surely seeing they all strive so much about this Tobacco and that the fraught thereof and other charges are so great and so open to any enemie by that commodity they cannot long subsist And it is a wonder to me to see such miracles of mischiefes in men how greedily they pursue to dispossesse the planters of the Name of Christ Iesus yet say they are Christians when so much of the world is unpossessed yea and better land than they so much strive for murthering so many Christians burning and spoiling so many cities villages and Countries and subverting so many kingdomes when so much lieth vast or only possessed by a few poore Savages that more serve the Devill for feare than God for love whose ignorance we pretend to reforme but couetousnesse humours ambition faction and pride hath so many instruments we performe very little to any purpose nor is there either honour or profit to be got by any that are so vile to undertake the subversion or hinderance of any honest intended christian plantation Now to conclude the travels and adventures of Captaine Smith how first he planted Virginia and was set ashore with about an hundred men in the wilde woods how he was taken prisoner by the Savages by the King of Pamaunke tied to a tree to be shot to death led up and downe their Country to be shewed for a wonder fatted as he thought for a sacrifice for their Idoll before whom they conjured him three dayes with strange dances and invocations then brought him before their Emperor Powhatan that commanded him to be slaine how his daughter Pocahontas saved his life returned him to Iames towne releeved him and his famished company which was but eight and thirty to possesse those large dominions how he discovered all the severall nations upon the rivers falling into the Bay of Chisapeacke stung neere to death with a most poysoned taile of a fish called Stingray how Powhatan out of his Country tooke the kings of Pamaunke and Paspahegh prisoners forced thirty nine of those kings to pay him contribution subjected all the Savages how Smith was blowne up with gunpowder and returned for England to be cured Also how hee brought our new England to the subjection of the kingdome of great Britaine his fights with the Pirats left alone amongst a many French men of Warre and his ship ran from him his Sea-fights for the French against the Spaniards their bad usage of him how in France in a little boat he escaped them was adrift all such a stormy night at Sea by himselfe when thirteene French Ships were split or driven on shore by the I le of Ree the generall and most of his men drowned when God to whom be all honour and praise brought him safe on shore to all their admirations that escaped you may read at large in his generall history of Virginia the Summer Iles and New England CHAP. XXVIII The bad life qualities and conditions of Pyrats and how they taught the Turks and Moores to become men of warre AS in all lands where there are many people there are some theeves so in all Seas much frequented there are some pyrats the most ancient within the memory of threescore yeares was one Callis who most refreshed himselfe upon the Coast of Wales Clinton and Pursser his companions who grew famous till Queene Elizabeth of blessed memory hanged them at Wapping Flemming was as expert and as much sought for as they yet such a friend to his Country that discovering the Spanish Armado he voluntarily came to Plimouth yeelded himselfe freely to my Lord Admirall and gave him notice of the Spaniards comming which good warning came so happily and unexpectedly that he had his pardon a good reward some few Pirats there then remained notwithstanding it is incredible how many great and rich pr●zes the little barques of the West Country daily brought home in regard of their small charge for there are so many difficulties in a great N●vy by wind and weather victuall sicknesse losing and finding one another they seldome defray halfe the charge but for the grace state and defence of the Coast and narrow Seas a great Navy is most necessary but not to attempt any farre voyage except there be such a competent stocke they want not wherewith to furnish and supply all things with expedition but to the purpose After the death of our most gracious Queene Elizabeth of blessed memory our Royall King Iames who from his infancy had reigned in peace with all Nations had no imployment for those men of warre so that those that were rich rested with that they had those that were poore and had nothing but from hand to mouth turned Pirats some because they became sleighted of those for whom they had got much wealth some for that they could nor get their due some that had lived bravely would not abase themselves to poverty some vainly only to get a name others for revenge covetousnesse or as ill and as they found themselves more and more oppressed their passions increasing with discontent made them turne Pirats Now because they grew hatefull to all Christian Princes they retired to Barbary where although there be not many good Harbours but Tunis Argier Sally Mamora and Tituane there are many convenient Rodes or the open Sea which is their chiefe Lordship For their best harbours Massalqueber the townes of Oran Mellila Tanger and Cuta within the Streights are possessed by the Spaniards without the Streights they have also Arzella and Mazagan Mamora likewise they have lately taken and fortified Ward a poore English sailer and Dansker a Dutchman made first here their Marts when the Moores knew scarce how to saile a ship Bishop was Ancient and did little hurt but Easton got so much as made himselfe a Marquesse in Savoy and Ward lived like a Bashaw in Barbary those were the first that taught the Moores to be men of warre Gennings Harris Tompson and divers others were taken in Ireland a Coast they much frequented and died at Wapping Hewes Bough Smith Walsingam Ellis Collins Sawkwell Wollistone Barrow Wilson Sayres and divers others all these were Captaines amongst the Pirats whom King Iames mercifully pardoned and was it not strange a few of these should command the Seas Notwithstanding the Malteses the Pope Florentines Genoeses French Dutch and English Gallies and Men of Warre they would rob before their faces and even at their owne