60 3 31 0 Lindsness 59 0 27 3 Government of Bahus Bahus 58 1 34 0 Daleburg 58 4 34 0 Government of Bergenhus Eye 59 0 26 3 Stavanger 59 5 26 2 Bergen 61 0 26 4 Government of Dronthenhus Boe 64 0 28 0 Dronthem 65 3 32 3 Maelstroom 68 3 32 3 Government of Wardhus North Cape 71 2 48 1 Wardhus 70 5 54 2 Suedeland West Gothland Gotteburg 57 3 33 3 Lidk'oping 58 3 35 1 Scofde 58 3 35 4 East Gothland Linkoping 58 3 38 3 Noâ—koping 58 3 38 4 Soderkoping 58 4 38 3 Isl Oeland Borckholme 57 0 39 0 Isl Gothland Wisby 57 4 41 3 Westermaine Soudermain and Firme-land Nikoping 58 4 39 4 Koping 59 4 39 0 Phillipstad 59 5 36 2 Carolstad 59 3 35 4 Kolen 60 2 34 0 Vpland Stockholm 59 2 40 4 Vpsul 60 0 40 2 Enkoping 59 4 40 0 Gestricie Gevalia 61 0 40 0 Helsinge Dilsbo 62 0 39 1 Madelpaedie Tana 62 0 38 0 Trop 62 1 39 0 Agermain Bote 63 0 40 0 Nord Mating 63 0 42 0 MOSCOVIA Lapland or West Bothinia  Lat. Long. Vma Lapmark 63 3 42 0 Pitha Lapmark 65 3 43 5 Lula Lapmark 65 3 44 2 Torne Lapmark 65 4 46 0 East Bothinia Vlaburgh 65 3 47 0 Cajaneburg 65 1 51 4 Salo 64 4 47 0 Carleby 64 0 45 3 Kyro 63 3 45 0 Finland Abo 60 4 45 4 Bierneburg 62 0 45 0 Gronenburg 61 3 48 3 Niland Raseburg 61 1 47 0 Savolax  Lat. Long. Indisalmi 63 3 50 2 Nislot 51 4 53 3 Caereha     Vakelax 60 4 51 2 Wiburg 60 3 53 2 Kexholm Kidilia 61 3 56 0 Kexholm 61 3 55 0 Ingria Notteburgh 59 5 55 4 Jamagored 59 0 52 3 Livonia Narva 59 0 52 3 Revel 59 3 48 3 Pernaw 58 5 47 3 Derpt 58 3 51 0 Riga 57 1 47 4 Kockenhaus 57 0 49 2 Dunenburgh 56 4 50 2 CHAP. XV. Great Russia or Moscovy THAT Prince whom we call the Great Duke of Moscovy is by his Subjects called Czar which is as much as to say Emperor and he may very well take that lofty Title seeing his State is one of the greatest in Europe and reaches even to Asia and he is so absolute a master of the Lives and Fortunes of his people and his Empire Despotick on the East it is bordered by Tartary the Great on the South by the Lesser on the West by the States of Poland and Suedland and by the Ocean on the North it comprehends Great Russia which is divided into many Provinces Mosco is the Capital City of the State and gives its name to the whole Empire which it receives from a River that washes it it is built of Wood and contains above forty thousand Houses The other remarkable Cities are Sandomiry Molodimer Novogord and many more Upon the White Sea which is a Bay or Gulf of the Northern Ocean are St. Michael Arch-Angel and St. Nicholas at the mouth of the Divina which is one of the greatest Rivers in Russia the other Rivers are the Boristhenes at present the Nieper that falls into the Black Sea the Tanais now called Don which discharges it self into the Palus Maosis or Delle-Zabache The Volga heretofore Rha which having its spring head in that Country after a long Course carries its Streams into the Caspian Sea The Moscovites follow the Religion of the Greek Church A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Russia or Moscovia Lapland Moscovites  Lat. Long. Kielit 68 3 58 0 Joskena 68 1 66 1 Cape Cadenus 68 0 72 0 Kenio 65 0 55 5 Dukedoms of Karagopel 62 0 67 0 Dwina     St. Michael Arch-Angel 64 5 67 1 St. Nicholas 65 0 66 3 Lampat 66 0 71 0 Inhorn 68 2 73 4 Condinsky     Koma 62 3 77 2 Petzora 68 2 87 1 Samoides Strait of Wagote 70 0 87 3 Kingdom of Roym de Siberia Tobolska 97 3 65 0 Perma 62 0 84 ½ Oustiough upon Dwina 61 2 73 1 Wologdia 58 4 67 2 Bielaozero 58 0 63 0 Upon Volga R. Gero 57 3 66 1 Nisi Novogord 56 0 75 0 Wasilsgorod 55 3 77 1 Caesan K. 55 3 84 4 Bolgar 54 2 84 5 Astracan R. 46 2 87 3 D. Welodinie 55 4 70 2 D. Sasdale 56 0 65 3 D. Rosthow 57 2 65 1 D. Moskow 55 4 64 4 D. Resan 55 0 69 0 D. Worotin 54 2 63 1 D. Smolensko 54 3 57 2 D. Reskhow 56 0 61 2 D. Tiver 56 4 62 0 D. Novogrod Wiliki 58 0 57 1 Kielit 66 3 57 0 Kaudalax 68 0 59 0 Kola 70 0 57 0 Cape Caudenos 69 2 70 0 Kargapol 62 1 66 0 St. Michael Arch-Angel 64 4 67 0 St. Nicolas 64 4 66 0 Inhera 68 0 76 0 Streight of Waigates 71 0 85 0 Toboska 65 ½ 95 0 Perma 63 2 83 0 Oustiough 61 0 72 0 Wologda 59 3 67 0 Bialaozero 59 0 62 0 Jeroslau 57 3 65 0 Lesser Novogrod 59 0 71 3 Vasili gorod 59 0 73 0 Cazan 58 2 84 0 Bulgar 56 3 36 0 Astracan 49 2 83 3 Wlodimer 58 0 69 0 Susdal 57 1 68 0 Rostow 56 4 64 0 Moskow 55 0 64 3 Rezan 54 4 67 0 Worotin 53 2 64 0 Smolensko 54 0 57 0 Rzowa 56 0 59 0 T wer 55 4 62 0 Greater Novogrod 58 3 57 0 POLAND CHAP. XVI The Lesser Tartary THE States of the Prince of Przecop or of the lesser Tartars lie betwixt the mouths of the Boristhenes and Tanais and in that Peninsule which the Ancients called the Taurick Chersonesus bounded on the East by the Palus Meotis and on the South and West by the Black Seas on the Isthmus thereof stands the City of Przecop which hath given the name of Przecopites to that People and the City of Caffa is its Capital the Streight that joyns the Palus Meotis to the Euxin Sea was heretofore called the Cimmerian Bosphorus and is now termed the Streight of Caffa or Vospero and St. Johns Mouth The Tartars Przecopites are by Religion Mahometans CHAP. XVII The States of the King of Poland THESE States have the Territories of Moscovy on the East on the North those of Sueden and the Baltick Sea on the West Germany and on the South the Carpathian Mountain which divides them from Hungary and Transilvania they comprehend Poland Prussia Lithuania part of Livonia Massovia Podlassia Podolia Volhinia and Russia-Nigra The Capital City of Poland is Cracovia which is the Metropolis of the State the others are Guesn an Archbishoprick Sandomeria and many more less considerable Prussia Regalis belongs to the King of Poland and its chief Towns are Moriembourg and Dantzick which has a famous Port on the Baltick at the Mouth of the Weisel or Vistula Prussia the Ducall belongs to the Marquess of Brandebourg who does homage for it to the King of Poland its Capital City is Koningsberg or
Metropolis and its University Armach an Archbishoprick Cork Limmerick and Waterford its greatest River is Shanon Iseland lies under the Polar Circle which cuts it through the middle so that part of it lies on the Frigid Zone there is a Mountain here that cast formerly out flames of fire though at present it ceases called Aecla they have some though but few places of Habitation the chief of which is Skalhot The Western Islands called the Azores or Tercera's are betwixt America and Europe but nearer Europe and therefore they ought to be ranked among the European Islands there are nine of them Tercera St. Michael St. Mary St. George Gratiosa Pico Fayal Coruo and Flores Tercera that gives the name to all the rest is the greatest and has a Town called Augra they belong to the King of Portugal and produce plenty of Cedar We have spoken of those that are on the Coast of France when we gave the Description of that Country There are many Isles in the Mediterranean Sea and we have taken notice already of those that are on the Coasts of Spain Italy and France We must now speak of Candia and of the Isles upon the Coasts of Greece Candy heretofore named Creet which contained a hundred Towns has not at present above four or five which deserve that name Candia is the Capital and hath given that name to the Island the others are Canea Retimo and Sitia it belonged to the Venetians but after above twenty years War and that famous Siege of Candia it is at last fallen into the hands of the Turk it was once the Kingdom of Minos and the Labyrinth that Dedalus made was here and several other things which have been the Theams to the ancient Poets Corfou Zant and Cephalonia are in the Ionick Sea under the Dominion of the Venetians as also Cerigo heretofore Cythera which is to the South of Peloponesus or Morea Nigropent heretofore Euboea is upon the Coast of Achaia and on the Coast of Romania is Samandrachi which was called Samothracia and to the South of this Italimene anciently Lemnos where they dig Terra-Lemnia or Sigillata In fine the Egean Sea called the Archipelago and White Sea is full of scattered Islands which the ancients divided into the Cyclades and Sporades because those lie in a round and these are dispers'd upon and down The most famous have been Delos where Apollo and Diana were born at present it is called Sdrille Paros now Paro renowned for its White Marble Zea Andro Niscia Sifano and many others besides those that are near Asia which we shall afterwards discourse of We have already mentioned the Islands in the Baltick which the King of Denmark possesses but there are some others also that belong to the King of Sueden That of Oeland lies opposite to Calmar a Town of Gothia a little more to the North-Eastward is that of Gotland which heretofore had a famous Sea Port called Wisbuy which gave Laws to Commerce and Navigation The stately Ruins whereof show it to have been very Magnificent The Isles of Offel and Dagho are on the Coast of Livonia and that of Rugen is near to Pomerania all which are under the Dominion of Sueden but the Isle of Bornholm is Subject to the Dane Before we leave Europe it is to be observed that it is almost wholly under the Northern temperate Zone it hath some Regions indeed under the frozen Zone which are part of Norway Finmarchia and the greatest part of Lapland and some Lands of Moscovy towards the Streights of Waigatz the Streights of Gibralter and Cape Malapan in Morea lie in the six and thirtieth Degree of Latitude and these are the most Southern parts of Europe the North Cape lies in seventy two almost and is the most Northern place thereof The End of the First Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The SECOND BOOK ASIA CHAP. I. ASIA IN the First Book we have given a Description of GEOGRAPHY in general and of all EUROPE in particular In the following Books we shall treat of the other parts of the Earth and in the first place of ASIA as being contiguous to EUROPE ASIA whereof we described the Bounds in the beginning was variously divided by the Ancients but at present these famous Names are abolished and it looks with a new countenance I think it ought to be divided according to the Principal Empires that share it which are under the Obedience of Five Great Monarchs to wit the Grand Signior the King of Persia the Great Mogol the King of China and the Great Cham of Tartary To these must be added some Kings of the East Indies with what the Portuguese possess there and the Isles that are numerous and very considerable CHAP. II. The Empire of the TURK in ASIA THE Emperour of the Turks whom we call the Grand Signior has his Imperial Seat at Constantinople which is in Europe but the greatest part of his Dominions is in Asia to wit Anatolia Syria Armenia Mesopotamia Arabia Chaldea Mingrelia Georgia and Circassia Anatolia of the Moderns is the Lesser Asia of the Ancients it is on three sides encompassed by Seas on the North by the Black Sea on the West by the Propontis and Archipelago on the South by the Mediterranean and hath the River Euphrates on the East It was heretofore divided into Two and twenty Provinces Pontus Bithinia Asia Propper the greater and lesser Phrygia Troas the greater and lesser Mysia Eolia Ionia Caria Doris Lydia Lycia Paphlagonia Pisidia Isaurta Pamphilia Cilicia Lycaonia Galatia and Cappadocia but at present their Names are lost their Bounds confounded their Towns ruined and their Inhabitants heretofore so polite are become barbarous Nor do we certainly know how the Turks divide and name them at present so that we must rest satisfied to remark the Chief Towns that remain Bursa is one of the most considerable and was the First Seat of the Turkish Empire it is a large and well-peopled City the miserable Remains of Nice and Chalcedon famous by their General Councils and the Ruins of Troy are to be seen there On the Archipelago are also Smyrna Ephesus where the Temple of Diana was reckoned one of the Seven Wonders of the World and where a General Council was also held Miletum Halicarnassus which is in Caria where Arthemisia erected to her Husband Mausolus that Stately Monument which was also ranked among the Wonders and hence it is that Rich Tombs are called Mausolea On the Mediterranean is Satalie which hath given its Name to a Neighbouring Bay and Tarsus where St. Paul was born On the Black Sea are Trabizonde the Seat of an Empire and in the Countrey of the Amazons Sinobi heretofore Sinope Angoure and Coni. Syria hath the Towns of Aleppo and Damascus which are two of the greatest Cities of the Turkish Empire Said anciently Tyre and Baruth heretofore Sydon famous Towns Antioch now ruined Alexandretta or Scanderoon its principal Sea Port and Tripoly of Syria TURQUIE in Asia TURQUIE in Europe
Isle of MADAGASCAR ARABIA Two Leagues from Jerusalem is Bethlehem where our Saviour was born it is at present but a Village full of Ruins inhabited by some poor Christians and Arabians Bethany where he raised Lazarus is nearer to Jerusalem and is but a heap of Ruins amongst which they still shew the Tomb where the Body of Lazarus lay when he was raised from the Dead and the ruins of his house of the houses of his Sisters Martha and Mary and of Simon the Leper Emaus where the Disciples knew their Divine Master t is in no better condition no more than Jericho upon the Plains whereof rises a Mountain where our Saviour fasted Forty days On the Sea-side is Joppa now called Jaffa Acre heretofore Ptolemais and in Idumea is Gaza and some other Towns Jordan waters that Holy Land runs through the Sea of Galilee which is indeed but a Lake and loses its clear Streams in the stinking and black Waters of the Dead Sea in this River our Saviour was baptized by St. John Baptist Arabia is divided into three Deserta Petrea and Faelix or the Desert Petrea or the stony and the happy the first two are to the North and the other to the South Arabia the Desert is the Countrey where the Children of Israel sojourned Forty years its Chief Places are Meschet Orem and Ana. Arabia Petrea hath Petrea so called from the Name of the Countrey but now 't is called Crach and Eltor In this Countrey is Mount Sina upon which God delivered the Law to Moses Arabia Foelix or the Happy so called because it is more fertile than the other two and bigger also lies between the Red Sea which it hath to the West the Gulf of Persia to the East and the Indian Ocean to the South It s chief Towns are Medina where the Sepulcher of Mahomet the Prophet of the Turks is Meccha the place of his Birth Aden a place of great Traffick Sanna Mocha Soar and many others In this Countrey they gather Frankincence and several other precious Gums Chaldea is at the Confluence of Tygris and Euphrates its Capital was Babylon a famous City and the Seat of the Babylonian Empire the Walls whereof built by the Famed Queen Semiramis were placed amongst the Seven Wonders of the World It stood upon Euphrates and little or nothing remains of it at present and less of the Tower of Babylon that was near to it Bagdat is at present what Babylon was anciently being built of its ruins but upon the Tygris as the other was upon Euphrates The other Towns of Chaldea are Elmara Gorna Balsara at the bottom of the Gulf of Persia Orchea which is thought to be the Ur of the Chaldees from whence God called Abraham Magdon and some others Mesopotamia now called Diarbeck lies to the North of Chaldea and to the South of Armenia between Euphrates and Tygris its Chief Towns are Dava Merdin Orpha Bi r and Caramit Armenia is divided into the greater and lesser the one on this side of Euphrates and the other beyond it both the two are at present called Turcomania The Chief Towns of the lesser are Sivas or Sebaste Kemach Erzinga and Suar. Some place here Samòsata Lucian's Countrey but it is in Arminacha which was called Comagene Those of the greater are Arzeron Chars Essechire which is taken for the Ancient Artaxata In this Armenia is Mount Ararat where the Ark of Noah rested after the Flood Some affirm that some remains of it are still to be seen there Georgia is to the North of Armenia its Towns are Cori Scander and Glisca that Countrey is the Iberia of the Ancients Zuria or Albania lies to the East of it and reaches to the Caspian Sea The most remarkable places of it are Derbent Zitracha Sobai and Chipiche Mingrelia is now-a-days the Colchis of old whither Jason went for the Golden Fleece it hath the Sea to the West and Georgia to the East Fazzo and Sevastopoli are the more considerable Towns thereof Circassia and Comania Countreys of very little note lie Northward from he afore-mentioned Territories The Isles that the Turk possess about Asia are famous in Antiquity Tenedos at the back of which the Grecian Fleet skulked Metelin heretofore Lesbos where the renowned Sappho was born Chio or Scio hath a Town of the same Name this Island produces Mastick and the best Turpentine Nicaria anciently Icaria to which Icarus by his fall gave the Name Samos where Pythagoras was born Pathmos at present Palmosa where St. John the Evangelist was banished in the time of Domitian and had those Divine Revelations whereof he composed the Apocalypse Lango heretofore Co or Cos illustrious by the Birth of Hippocrates and Apelles the one gave men life by his Medicines and the other by the Touches of his Pencil PERSIA Rhodes retains its Name but not it its Ancient Splendour It s called Rodo and hath a Town of the same Name In this place was anciently one of the Seven Wonders of the World I mean that Famous Colossus of Brass that was Erected at the Entry of the Harbour betwixt the legs of which Vessels passed It was thrown down by an Earthquake This Island is Fifty Leagues in Circuit and but Six distant from Caria The Turks took it from the Knights of Rhodes who afterwards retreated to Malta it hath some other places as Lindo and Filerno Cyprus at present Cipro is one of the greatest Islands of the Meditarranean being above Six score Leagues in Circumference It was in Ancient times Consecrated to Venus and lies in the Sea of Pamphilia which Country it hath to the North Syria to the East and Egypt to the South It hath been a considerable Kingdom which from the House of Lusignan fell into the Dominion of the Republick of Venice and is at present Subject to the Turk The Chief Towns of it are Nicosia and Famogosta that hath a good Port. And thus you have a short Description of the Territories that the Grand Signior Emperour of the Turks possesses in Asia In all which the Mahumetan Religion is publickly Established but the Jewish and Christian Religion are both permitted and this last is divided into many Sects as Greeks Armenians Jacobites Georgians Maronites Cophtitès and many others The Roman Catholicks are not so numerous there as the others are There are many Governours in the Turkish Empire called Beglerbeys who have under them Sangtacs that are as their Deputies or Lieutenants CHAP. III. The Kingdome of PERSIA THE Empire of the Persians heretofore so Vast and Famous has been subject to many Alterations It was founded by Cyrus and overthrown by Alexander The Parthians drove his Successors from thence and maintained long Wars with the Romans it was again restored under the Name of the Persian and ruined by the Califes the Successors of Mahomet Invaded by the Tartars under the powerful Tamerlan and at length Raised again by Ismael Sophy to the State wherein now it is It is called the
Converted many of them to Christianity and are very Active in making Proselytes in those Parts CHAP. VII TARTARY THE greater Tartary is one of the vastest Regions of the whole Earth It hath to the West the States of Muscovy the Ocean to the North to the East the Streights of Anian or Jesso according to some Maps and to the South Persia India and China Several Princes have Dominions in that great space of Land and among others the Prince of Niuche on the East-side who Invaded and Conquered China But the most considerable of all is the Great Cham. One of his chief Provinces in Cathay which some take for China and its City of Cambalu for that of Pequin so uncertain Men are in the knowledge of those distant Countries It is nevertheless sure that there are Vagabond Tartars divided into Societies called Hordes They Inhabit that place which is called Tartary Desert near which is the Kingdom of Astracan with a Town on the same Name on the Volga In these Countreys as 't is reported grows the Boranetz which is a Plant Animal that is half a Plant and half an Animal It is in Shape like a Lamb and fastned to a stalk about which it Nibbles and Eats the Grass which once failing it withers and dies The other parts of Tartary are Turquestan and Zagathy the chief City whereof is Samarkand the Imperial Seat of the Victorious Tamerlan Most part of the Tartars are Mahumetans there are many Idolaters some Jews and very few Christians among them CHAP. VIII The Isles of ASIA in the Ocean IN treating of the Tetritories of the Turk we spake of the Isles of Asia that are in the Mediterranean We must now mention those in the Ocean which belong to that part of the World but seeing they are so numerous that a large Volume would be too little to describe them all in we shall only touch at those which are the most considerable and of greatest Note amongst them The Maldives lie towards the Cape of Comorin to the South and West thereof there are many of them and they reach to the Line being divided into certain Parcels which are called Attollons and contain many small Islands separated by verry narrow Channels they are full of Coco-trees the Inhabitants are Mahumetans and subject to a King Zeilan or Zeilon is near Cape Comorin being Two hundred and forty Leagues in Circumference The Indians call it Tenasirim that is a Paradice of Delights there grows the Tree whereof Cinnamon is but the Bark and that in such plenty that there are whole Forrests of them Fair Emeralds and fairer Elephants are likewise to be had there Some would have it to be the Taprobane of the Ancients which others think to be Sumatra One of its chief Towns is Sitavaca the Residence of a Prince who takes the Title of Emperor of Zeilan to whom the other Kings are Tributary It is divided into several Kingdoms of which Candy that is in the middle of the rest is one of the chief The Portuguese had formerly some places there of which Columbo was the most Important But at present the Hollanders are possessed of that and much more than ever the Portuguese had The Natives are either Mahumetans or Idolaters Sumatra is divided by the Streights of Sincapura from the Peninsula of Malaccra Most part of the Modern Geographers take it for Taprobane the Equinoctial cuts it almost in the middle it is very large and some assign to it Thirty Kingdoms It s chief Towns are Achein Pedar and Batham The Inhabitants profess Mahumetanism and many of them are still Idolaters Great Java is near to Sumatra and is seperated from it but by an Arm of the Sea called the Streights of Sonda This Island is about Two Hundred Leagues in Length but not above Forty in Breadth It is Subject to several Princes who are Tributaries to another by them called Mataram that is to say Emperour It hath considerable Towns such as Bantam Palambuam Japara and Batavia called so by the Hollanders being formerly called Jacatra They took it in the Year One thousand six hundred and seventeen and have strongly fortified it and made it the Residence of their General and Principal Seat of their great East-India Trade The Inhabitans of the Island are for the most part Mahumetans Little Java is now called Cumbava and but little known some of its Inhabitans are Idolators Borneo lies to East of Malacca and Sumatra and to the North of Java This is one of the greatest Islands in the Ocean it is almost round and hath above 200 Leagues in Diameter It s Principle Town carries its Name Most part of the Inhabitans profess Mahumetanisme and the rest are plunged in Idolatry Celebes is to the East of Borneo and is much less than it the chief Towns thereof are one that goes by the same Name and Durate Gilolo is to the East of the former and is not so great it hath a Town of its own Name and another called Tolo The Molucca's so Famous for the Cloves Nutmegs and Mace which they disperse through the whole World lie under the Equinoctial betwixt Celebes and Gilolo The chief are Ternate Tidor Motir Machian and Bachian The Portuguese have had some places there which have been disputed by the English and Dutch and finally carried by the latter who have Engrossed the Trade of those Rich Spices Banda is to the South of Gilolo and furnishes also Nutmegs The Hollanders have the Possession thereof The Philippine Islands called so by the Spaniards in Honour of their King Philip the Second are so many in number that some Authors reckon above Ten thousand of them They lie Northward from the Mollucca's and Eastward from Cochinchina The greatest and most considerable of them is Luconia where the Town of Manilha is The other that are remarkable are those of Mindanao which hath a Town of its Name the Isles of St. Juan of Cebu Matan and Tandayo Betwixt this last and the Isle of Lucon is the Streights of Manilha Famous amongst Navigators Amacao or Macao is a small Island on the Coast of China where the Portguese have a Town of the same Name The Isle Formosa the Lucaios and some others are to the East of China The Empire of Jappan is composed of several great Islands on the the East of China the chief of which is called Niphon and its Capital Town Meaco though this present Emperour hath his Court at Jedo in the East part of the Island Many Jesuites have here lost their lives for Preaching Christ to that Idolatrous People To the North of this Countrey the Land of Jesso hath been lately discovered divided from it by the Streights of Sangar The chief Mountains of Asia are Taurus Libanus Caucasus and Imaus It s chief Capes are that of Comorin in the Indies Liampo in China Fartach Razalgate and Monzandaon in Arabia the happy and the Promontory of Tabin in Tartary It s principal Rivers are the Volga Araxez
Oxus now Abiamus and Jaxartes or Chesel which run into the Caspian Sea Euphrates and Tigris come from the Mountains of Armenia embrace Mesopotamia and uniting in Chaldea fall into the Gulf of Persia Indus comes from Caucasus gives its name to India which it watereth and afterward runs into the Ocean as Ganges does into the Bay of Bengall The Cosmin passes by Pegu and the Menan by Siam they both proceed from the Lake of Chiamay and fall into the Ocean The Yellow and Blew Rivers are in China The Tartar that is thought to have given Name to Tartary runs into the Northern Ocean and the Oby also It is to be observed that the greatest part of Asia is in the Temperate Zone It hath some Regions in the Torrid to wit part of Arabia the happy and of the Indies with many Isles Some Countreys of Tartary are in the Frozen Zone To conclude Asia reaches from the Equinoctial to the Seventieth degre of North Latitude and some of its Isles are Ten degrees beyond the Line CHAP. IX AFRICA THere is no need of crossing the Sea to go from Asia to Africa since we have a passage by Land which is the Isthmus of Suez betwixt the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Having passed that we find at first sight Egypt and proceeding from East to West we shall in order find Barca Barbary and the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco that are washed with the Ocean Afterward from North to South we will meet with Biledulgerid Zahara the Countrey of Negres Guinea the Kingdom of Congo the Countrey of Caffres as far as the Cape of good Hope Afterward going tovvards the North we shall find Zanguebar and some other Countreys and then having visited those Regions that are in the heart of Africa as Nubia Ethiopia and Monomotapa we shall end with its Mountains Capes and Isles CHAP. X. EGYPT and the Region of BARCA AFRICA WE shall view the Countreys of Africa that lie upon the Ocean after that we have seen those that are upon the Mediteranean Egypt so famous both in Sacred and Prophane History which speak so often of its Pharaoh's and Ptolomies hath on the East the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea on the North the Mediterranean on the West the Countrey of Barca and on the South Nubia and Ethiopia It hath not so many Towns at present as it had heretofore The Metropolis of it is Caire a very great City on the right Bank of the River of Nile On the other side of that River are to be seen those famous Pyramids which were the Monuments of some Kings and have been reckoned amongst the Seven Wonders of the World and as in all probability they were the most ancientest of the Seven so 't is certain they are the only one remaining Nile having washed Caire divides it self into two Branches which embrace the Countrey called Delta from the Greek Letter Δ which it resembles these two Branches produce others which made several Mouths to that River some of which are stopt up The other Towns are Asna anciently Siene towards the South Alexandria heretofore the Capital City under the Ptolomies preserves still in its stately Ruins the Name of Alexander the Great who founded it It lies upon the Sea and near the place where the Phare stood which was one of the Seven Wonders Rosetta and Damieta are also upon the Sea at two other Mouths of the Nile All this fair Countrey is made wonderfully fruitful by the over-flowing of the Nile and is subject to the Turk the Inhabitants are Mahumetans but there are many Jews and some Christians among them The Region of Barca was anciently called Cyrenaica and hath Egypt on the East the Sea on the North on the West Barbary and the Desarts that carry its name with Lybia on the South its chief Town is likewise called Barca the others are Alberton Patriarcha Bonandrea Berniche and some more The People are Mahumetans Subjects to the Turk CHAP. XI BARBARY with the Kingdoms of FEZ and MOROCCO BArbary hath to the East the Countrey of Barca to the North the Mediterranean to the West the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco and to the South Mount Atlas which divides it from Biledulgerid Going from East to West we find the Kingdoms of Tripoly Tunnis Algire and Tremesin or Telensin with their chief Towns of the same Name Near to Tunnis are to be seen some Ruins of the famous Carthage In the Kingdom of Algier is Bugie and Gigery and some other places that may be seen in the Map but very little known to us The People of that Countrey are Mahumetans and subject to the Turk and have for many Ages practiced Pyracy upon the Mediterranean to the great Annoyance of the Christians Commerce The Kingdom of Fez has to the South Morocco to the East the Kingdom of Tremisen to the North the Streights of Gibraltar and to the West the Atlantick Ocean its chief Cities carries the same Name and is a beautiful and stately Place the Principal Mosque of it is above a quarter of a mile in circuit and therein burn constantly Nine hundred Lamps The other Towns are Mahamore Larache Alcazer and Tetuan the two former belong to the King of Spain and Tangier belonging to the King of Great Britain The Kingdom of Morocco lies to the South of that of Fez its chief City bears the same Name and is beautiful and large though it hath lost much of its ancient Splendour On the the Top of one of its Towers are three Golden Balls which are believed to be Enchanted Next to Morocco the Town of Agmet is the most considerable These two Kingdoms belong to one Prince who is called Emperor of Morocco he is Mahumetan and his Subjects are of the same Religion but there are many Jews and Christians among them New MEXICO FLORIDA CHAP. XII BILEDULGERID and ZAHARA NEW SPAIN GUIANA BILEDULGERID signifies a Countrey of Dates because it abounds with Palm-trees which bear that Fruit. The Ancients called that Region Numidia it reaches from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt the space of a Thousand Leagues Mount Atlas divides it from Barbary on the North and Zara bounds it on the South Its best Province is Suz on the Atlantick Ocean the rest which are Tesset Dara Segelmesse Zeb and some others most of which take their Names from their Towns are but little inhabited by reason of the great inconveniences of want of Water noxious Animals and the barrenness of the Soil Zahara or the Desart is the Ancient Lybia and reaches from the Ocean to Egypt and hath Biledulgerid to the North and the Countrey of Negres to the South There is hardly any thing there but Desarts and heaps of Sand which being driven by the Wind many times bury Travellers alive and being heated by the direct Beams of the Sun render the Air insupportably hot However there are some places inhabited as Zanhaga Zuenziga Terga Agadez Berdoa and some others so little known to us that
for the use of the Eldest Son of the King of Portugal The Isle of Farnandopo is to the North of that and near the Coast of Guinea and the Kingdom of Benin Beyond the Line we find the Isle of Annobon which last the Portuguese called so because they discovered it on New-years day The Isle of Ascension discovered on Ascension day and therefore so called is farther to the South in the Ethiopick Sea and is neither inhabited nor habitable for want of Water but it is abounding in Turtle or Sea Tortoise St. Helena for a like reason so named is of all the Islands in the World the most Remote from the Continent being about Four hundred Leagues distant from it It hath excellent Fresh Water and so Salubrious an Air that the Sick who land there recover their Health quickly It belongs to the English and all the Ships that come from the East-Indies and belong to England do commonly put in and take Fresh Water there In the same Ocean and towards the Cape of Good-Hope are the small Islands of Elizabeth Cornelia and Fera. Beyond that Famous Cape and to the East of Africa in the Indian Sea lies the Isle of Madagascar called also of St. Laurence or of Laurence Armeide who discovered it in the year One thousand five hundred and six on the day of St. Laurence It is one of the greatest Islands in the World containing about Six hundred Leagues in Circuit Two hundred and sixty in Length and in some places an Hundred in Breadth It s Length reaches from North to South from the Eleventh Degree of South Latitude to the Five and Twenteth so that it is almost altogether in the Torrid Zone the Southern end of it being onely without it over which the Tropick of Capricorn passes It is very probable that they who have taken this for the Cerne of Pliny and the Menuthias of Ptolomy are mistaken and that the Ancients never knew it It hath no Towns only Villages beset with Stakes the fairest of which is Fauzaire The Inhabitants have little or no Religion they have neither Temples nor Altars they Fear a God but Worship him not The French have made some Voyages thither and printed Relations of the same There are many little Isles about this of the chief whereof we shall only speak To the East of it are the Isles of St. Mary of Bourbon Maurice and Diego Roiz To the North Gade Agulha and Natal To the West Mohila Camora Mayota Johanna and St. Christophers Near the Coast of Zonguebar is an Island of the same Name having to the South the Isle of Monfia and to the North that of Pemba Near the Cape Guardafuy lies Zocotora with a Town of the same Name This is the Dioscorides of the Ancients it produces the best Aloes and Dragons Blood between this and the said Cape lies another Island called Abba del Curia It is to be observed that the greatest part of Africa is in the Torrid Zone and that the Line cuts it so exactly in the middle that it reaches as far to the South as it does to the North of it that is to the Five and thirtieth Degree of South and North Latitude however the much greater part is to the Northwards The End of the Second Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The THIRD BOOK AMERICA CHAP. I. AMERICA WE are now come to the New World for so Men hath been pleased to call this Continent which is divided from Europe Asia and Africa because it hath not been knowen to us much above an Hundred and four score years It is held that Christopher Columbus a Native of Genoua first discovered it in the year One thousand four hundred ninety two yet it carries not his Name but that of Americus Vespucius a Florentine who five years after Columbus in the year One thousand four hundred ninety seven discovered Brasile which was the cause that all that part of the World is called America It is likewise called the West-Indies in distinction from the East-Indies in Asia It hath to the East the Sea called the North Sea Mar del Nort to the West the South or Pacifick Sea to the South the Streights of Magellan but its bounds to the North are unknowen to us and we cannot tell whether there be Seas or Lands By the Isthmus of Panama which makes it two Peninsules it is divided into the North and South America In North America and on the North Sea are Estotiland Greenland Terra de Laborador Canada or new France New England Maryland Virginia Carolina Florida New Spain Jucatan Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua And on the Vermilian Sea Anien Quivira and New Mexico In South America are Golden Castille Guiana Brasile Plata and Terra Magellanica all upon the North Sea and on the South or Pacifick Sea Chili and Peru and Tucuman in the middle CHAP. II. North AMERICA ESTOTILAND Greenland and Terra de Labrador or Laborador have no Inhabitants but Savages who live amongst Ice and Snow with which these Countreys are covered The Reader must not expect Towns here for there are none at all We are only to observe that Greenland is a Countrey lately discovered and that there was another of the same Name which cannot now be found though the Kings of Denmark to whom it belonged have in vain sent Ships in search of it It had Towns with Churches and Monasteries but no body can tell what is become of it whether the passage to it be blockt up by the Ice or that it hath been swallowed up in the Ocean Canada is called New France because the French discovered and planted a Colony in it the chief places thereof are Quebec and Tadoussac upon the great River of St. Laurence New England is a Rich and Flourishing Countrey with many Towns the chief thereof is Boston Inhabited by the English Maryland is Peopled by the King of Great Brittain's Subjects and belongs to the Lord Baltimore who holds it of that Crown Virginia was so called by the English because they discovered it in the time of Queen Elizabeth who was never Married In it is James Town and some others the principal product of this Countrey is Tobacco which from hence is carried into most parts of Europe Carolina is a late Plantation of the English not fully settled as yet New ENGLAND VIRGINIA NEW SPAIN GUIANA New Spain is one of the loveliest Provinces in this New World There stands the City of Mexico which gave the Name to a great Empire whereof Montezuma was the last King Fernando Cortez Invaded it in the year One thousand five hundred and nineteen took that Prince and Conquered his Countrey There are many other Towns in that Countrey the chief whereof are Mechoacan Los Angelos Vera Crux Valladolid and Guatamala Mexico the Capital stands upon a Lake it is large and well peopled being the Residence of a Vice-Roy and Seat of an Archbishop Jucatan is a Peninsule on the Bay of Mexico the chief Town whereof is Merida
from the West of Italy The Po which is the greatest River of Italy and rises in Mount Viso one of the Alpes it passes by Turin and through the Dutchy of Milan goes into the Lands of Mantua and Ferrara and from thence into the Gulf of Venice having swallowed up in its passage the Doria the Tezin the Ada the Oglio the Mince the Taner and several other Rivers The Adige passes by Trent and Verona The Brenta passes by Padua Tagliamento and Lizousa wash Friuli Rizano Istria and Arsa divides it from Dalmatia There are considerable Lakes in Italy in Lombardy is the Lake Major heretofore called Verbanus out of which comes the Tezin The Lake of Como anciently called Larius out of which comes the Ada the Lake of Isseo whence comes the Oglia the Lake of Lugano and another called de Garda which produces the Mince SICILIA In Tuscany is the Lake Thrasimene at present called the Lake of Perugia the Lake Vulsin now of Bolsena and the Lake of Braciano heretofore Sabutinus In the Campania of Rome are the Lake Fucin the Lake Fundi and the Lake Albanus now called Lago di Castello Gandolfo The chief Islands of this Country are Elbe Corsica Sardinia Ischia Caprea Sicily and some others The Isle of Elbe is near the Shoar of Tuscany it hath a Town called Cosmopolis and a Mountain of Loadstone it belongs partly to the great Duke of Tuscany and partly to the King of Spain Corsica is over against the Riviera of Genoa and belongs to that Republick its chief Town is La Bastia and best Port that of St. Boniface Sardinia is divided from Corsica by an Aim of the Sea it lies to the South of Corsica and belongs to the King of Spain the chief Town of it is Calari and the others are Oristagna Sassari and Algeri Near to Naples is the Isle of Ischia with a Fort of the same name and Caprea famous for the Residence of Tiberius is likewise there Sicily is the greatest Island of the Mediterranean it is dis-joyned from Italy to which it is thought to have been anciently united by a narrow Branch of the Sea called the Fare of Messina the chief Towns of it are Palermo its Capital the Residence of the Viceroy Messina Trepano Girgenti Syracusa and Catanea near to which is the famous Mount Aetna that vomiteth out fire called at present Mount Gibello this Island belongs to the King of Spain The Isles of Lipare are not far from this some of which cast out Fire In the Gulf of Venice and near to Mount Gargan are the Isles of Diomedes at present of Sancta Maria del Trinita The Mountains of Italy are the Alpes that limit it and the Apennine Hills that run through it Not far from Naples is Mount Vesuvius which hath often cast out Fire but not at present it is now called Monte di Sommo and produces excellent Wine In Apulia is Mount Gargan now di Santo Angelo There is no Religion but the Roman Catholick professed in Italy and the least Towns of it are Bishopricks A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the Principal Places in the Territories of Italy 1. In the Kingdom of Naples  Lat. Long. Regio 37 5 40 1 Cape Spartivento 37 4 40 4 St. Severina 39 1 41 1 Cosensa 39 3 40 3 Policastro 40 0 39 2 Salerno 40 4 38 5 Gallipoli 40 1 42 1 Cirenza 40 4 40 1 Matera 40 4 41 0 Taranto 40 3 41 3 Otranto 40 1 42 2 Brindisi 40 4 42 1 Bari 41 2 40 4 Benevent 41 1 38 5 Manfredonia 41 4 39 4 Naples 40 5 38 4 Aversa 41 0 38 1 Capua 41 1 38 2 Gaetta 41 2 37 3 Boiano 41 4 38 2 Pescara 42 4 38 1 Chietta 42 3 38 1 2. In the Estate of the Church Rome 41 4 36 3 Ostia 41 3 36 3 Mont Fiascone 42 0 35 4 Bracciano 41 4 36 0 Civita Vecchia 41 3 35 4 Orvietta 42 1 36 0 Perugia 42 4 35 2 Spaletto 42 4 36 1 Narni 42 2 36 2 Fermo 43 0 37 1 Ancona 43 3 36 5 Loretto 43 2 37 0 Vrbino 43 3 35 3 Fano 43 4 35 5 Cagli 43 1 35 5 Ravenna 44 0 34 5 Rimini 43 5 35 1 Ferrara 44 4 33 4 Bolognia 44 0 34 0 3. In the Dukedom of Florence Florence 43 0 34 2 Pistoya 43 1 34 0 Scarpeia 43 3 34 2 Lucca 43 0 33 3 Pisa 42 4 33 1 Legorn 42 3 33 2 Siena 42 4 34 3 Pienza 42 2 35 0 Piombino Port 41 5 33 4 Orbitello 41 3 35 0 Port Hercule 41 2 35 0 Massa 42 1 34 1 4. In the Estate of Venice Venice 45 2 34 4 Adria 45 0 34 3 Padova 45 2 34 1 Verona 45 1 33 1 Garda 45 2 32 5 Brescia 45 1 32 2 Isseo 45 0 32 0 Bergama 45 2 31 4 Palma Nova 46 1 35 1 Trevise 45 5 34 2 Feltre 46 1 34 0 Vicensa 45 4 33 5 Trieste 46 0 36 4 Citta Nova 45 1 36 3 Pola 44 5 37 0 Zara 44 3 39 1 Sebenico 44 3 39 5 Spalatta 44 0 40 2 Narenza 44 0 42 0 The Isles Corfu 38 4 44 4 Cefalonia 36 5 46 3 Zant 36 2 46 4 5. In Piedmont Turin 44 2 29 4 Susa 44 4 29 0 Aste 44 0 30 2 Nice 42 5 29 2 Inurea 44 4 29 5 Aosta 45 2 29 1 Monaco 42 5 29 4 Pignerol 44 0 29 1 Chier 44 1 30 0 Fossano 43 4 29 5 Oneglia 43 0 30 1 In Montferrat Casal 44 2 30 3 6. In the Dukedom of Milan Milan 44 5 30 5 Pavia 44 3 31 0 Como 45 1 31 0 Novara 44 5 30 3 Lodi 44 5 31 4 Bobbio 43 5 31 4 Tortona 44 0 31 0 Vgogna 45 3 30 0 7. In the Estate of Genua Cape de Melli 42 5 30 1 Final 43 2 30 3 Genua 43 3 31 0 Lavagne 43 2 31 4 8. In the Dutchy of Modena Modena 44 0 33 4 Reggio 44 0 33 0 9. In the Dutchy of Mantua Mantua 44 5 33 1 Vstiano 44 5 32 3 10. In the Dutchy of Parma Parma 44 0 32 4 Foronovo 43 5 32 3 Placenza 44 1 31 5 In the Kingdom of Sicily Fare 38 0 39 5 Messina 37 5 39 5 Termini 37 1 37 3 Catania 37 0 39 2 Augusta 36 4 39 2 Syracusa 36 2 39 2 Nota 35 5 39 1 Cape Passaro 35 4 39 4 Agrigento or Girgenti 36 1 37 4 Mazara 36 3 36 2 Trapano 36 5 36 0 Marsala 36 4 36 0 Palermo 37 2 37 0 Milazzo 38 0 39 2 Isles of Lipari Stromboli 38 4 39 1 Felicur 38 0 37 5 Lipari 38 2 38 5 Volcano 38 1 38 4 Alicur 38 0 37 3 Vstica 38 0 36 4 In the Island of Sardinia Cagliari 37 5 32 2 Sarda 39 2 32 1 Sassari 39 2 31 4 Algeri 39 0 31 4 Oristagni 38 2 31 3 Villa de Iglesia 37 3 31 5 In the
Dukedom of Luxembourg Thionville 49 3 27 4 Montmedy 49 3 26 5 Marville 49 3 27 0 In the Spanish Flanders Newport 51 2 24 0 Dixmude 51 1 24 0 Ostend 51 2 24 1 Bruges 51 2 24 2 Courtray 50 5 24 3 Gaunt 51 1 25 0 Damm 51 2 24 2 Blaukemburg 51 3 24 2 Dendermond 51 1 25 3 Rupelmond 51 2 25 3 Alost 51 0 25 3 Oudenard 51 0 25 0 In Brabant Brussels 50 5 25 4 Vilvorden 51 0 25 5 Malines or Mechlin 51 1 25 5 Antwerp 51 2 25 4 Lovain 51 0 26 0 Nivelle 50 4 25 4 Gemblours 50 4 26 0 Judoign 50 4 26 2 Tillemont 50 5 26 2 Lewe 51 0 26 3 Deist 51 1 26 2 Arscott 51 1 26 1 Herentals 51 2 26 2 Lire 51 2 26 0 In Hannault Hall 50 5 25 4 Enghien 50 5 25 2 Brain le Comte 50 4 25 3 Mons 50 3 25 2 St. Guislain 50 3 25 1 Binch 50 3 25 3 At h 50 5 25 1 Ligue 50 4 25 0 In Namour Namour 50 3 26 2 Bovines 50 2 26 1 Charleroy 50 3 25 5 In the Dutchy of Limburg Limburg 50 4 27 3 Mastrickt 51 0 27 1 In the Dutchy of Luxembourg Luxembourg 49 4 27 4 Arlon 49 5 27 2 Newchâtel 49 5 26 5 Marche 50 2 26 5 La Roche 50 2 27 1 Bastoygne 50 0 27 2 In the Country of Leige Leige 50 4 27 0 Huy 50 4 26 4 Dinant 50 2 26 2 St. Hubert 50 1 26 5 St. Truyen 50 5 26 3 Tongres 50 5 26 5 Visett 50 5 27 1 Hassalt 51 0 26 4 Maseyck 51 1 27 1 In the Estates of the United Provinces in Flanders Cadsant 51 3 24 4 Hulste 51 2 25 2 Sas de Gaunt 51 2 25 0 Lillo 51 3 25 3 Sluce 51 2 24 4 In Brabant Bergen op Zoam 51 3 25 3 Breda 51 4 26 0 Bois le duc 51 4 26 3 Ravestein 51 5 26 5 Grave 51 5 27 0 In Zeeland Middlebourg 51 3½ 24 5 Flussing 51 3 24 5 Helveet sluce 51 5 25 2 Brewers haven 51 4 25 0 Brille 52 0 25 1 Tolen 51 4 25 2 Somerdike 51 5 25 2 Goree 51 5 25 1 In the Earldom of Holland Amsterdam 52 3 26 0 Harlem 52 3 25 4 Leyden 52 1 25 4 Hague 52 1 25 2 Delft 52 0½ 25 2 Rotterdam 52 0 25 4 Dort 51 5 25 5 Gouda 52 1 25 5 Gorcum 51 5 26 1 Heusden 51 5 26 2 Gertrudenburg 51 4 26 0 Muyden 52 2 26 1 Narden 52 2 26 3 In North Holland  Lat. Long. Alkmaer 52 5 25 5 Medenblick 52 5 26 2 Eukhusen 52 5 26 3 Horn 52 5 26 1 Edam 52 4 26 1 Monikidam 52 3½ 26 1 In West-Friesland Lewarden 53 2 27 0 Dockum 53 3 27 1 Staveren 53 1 26 4 Harlingen 53 2 26 4 Franiker 53 2 26 5 Bolsvart 53 1½ 26 5 In the Lordship of Croningen Groningen 53 2 27 5 Damm 53 3 28 0 Delfzeil 53 3 28 1 In the Lordship of Vtrecht Vtrecht 52 1 26 2 Amersfort 52 2 26 4 In the Province of Over-Issel Deventer 52 3 27 3 Zowll 52 4½ 27 2 Campen 52 4 27 1 Cowerden 53 0 28 0 Oldenzeel 52 3 28 2 Steenwick 53 0 27 2 Meppel 52 5 27 3 In the Dutchy of Gueldres Harderwick 52 3 26 5 Hattem 52 4 27 1 Arnheim 52 0½ 27 0 Seenksconse 51 5½ 27 2 Bommel 51 5 26 3 Tiel 51 5½ 26 4 Nimeguen 52 0 27 0 Grave 51 5 27 0 Gueldres 51 3 27 4 Venlo 51 2 27 3 Genep 51 5 27 1 In the Earldom of Zutphen Zutphen 52 2 27 3 Doesburg 52 1 27 3 Borkelo 52 2 28 0 Groll 52 1 28 0 Brefort 52 0 27 5 Iselbourg 51 5 27 5 The Islands adjoyning The Texel 53 1½ 26 0 The Vlie 53 3 26 1 Schelling 53 3½ 26 3 Ameland 53 4 27 0 CHAP. VIII Germany GErmany has on the East side Prussia Poland and Hungary the Baltick Sea Denmark and Ocean on the North on the West the Low-Countries and France and the Alps which divide it from Italy on the South On the Baltick Sea are Pomerania whereof Stetin is the Capital City and Gripsuald and Colberg two others The Dutchy of Meckelbourg whereof the chief City is Swerin GERMANY Upon the Ocean are the Dutchy of Holsace or Holstein in which are Hambourg and Lubeck The County of Emden called otherways East-Friesland to distinguish it from that whereof we spoke in the Low-Countries its chief Town carries also the name of Emden it has likewise another Town called Aurich Along the Rhine upwards lies Westphalia whereof the most remarkable Towns are Munster Paderborne Soest Breme Oldembourg the Capital of a County of the same name The Diocesses of Cologne Mayence and Treves with their Metropolitan Cities of the same name the Palatinate of the Rhine whereof Heidelberg is the Capital City the Dutchy of Baden the Diocesses of Worms and Spire High and Low Alsace Strasbourg is the chief City of this and Brisac and Fribourg are the chief Towns of the other which is one of the last Conquests of France At the head of the Rhine and in the Alps are the Swisses divided into thirteen Cantons Zurich Berne Lucerne Basle Schaffhouzen Fribourg Zug Glaris Switz Appeuzel Soleurre Vnderwald and Vri this last hath no Towns but Altorf is its chief Burrough all the other Cantons have their names from their Capital Cities and from that of Switz the people are called Switzers and the Country Switzerland The Country of Valois lies along the Rhosne and its chief City is Syon the Bishop whereof is a Temporal Lord. The Grisons are united with the Swisses and Coire is their Capital City Along the Danube are Suabia which comprehends the Dutchy of Wittemberg the chief Towns whereof are Tubinge and Stutgard in Suabia properly so called are Ausbourg Vlme and Nordlingen The Dutchy of Bavaria whereof the Capital is Munich the other Cities are Saltsbourg Ratisbonne and Ingolstat and in the Palatinat of Bavaria Amberg its Capital and Nuremberg an Imperial City The Arch-Dutchy of Austria is to the East of Bavaria its Metropolis is Vienna the usual Residence of the Emperor The County of Tirol is to the South of Bavaria it hath a City of the same name but Inspruck is the Capital thereof Stiria hath Grats Carinthia hath St. Veit and Villach and Carniola Laubach for its Capital these Provinces as well as the County of Tirol belong to the Arch-Dukes of Austria and lie Southward of that Arch-Dutchy Then going from South to North beyond Austria lie Moravia with Olmutz its Capital City Silesia that hath Vratslavia commonly called Breslau for its Metropolis The Marquisat of Brandenbourg divided into two Marches the ancient in which is Brandenbourg and the new wherein is Francfort upon the Oder which are their Capitals but the Residence of their Prince is commonly at Berlin Saxony is in the heart of Germany
of Burgundy THE Dutchies of Cleves and Juliers are Situated between the Rhine and the Meuse and might be reckoned amongst the Provinces of Germany that of Cleves has a Metropolis of the same name and other considerable places as Sauten Calcar Grefhusen on this side the Rhine and Duisbourg and Embruch on the other side The Dutchy of Juliers has its name from the chief City thereof it hath also Berge and Duern Aix la Chapelle is in this Dutchy and there Charlemaign kept his usual Residence it was the seat of his Empire and the place of his Burial He Beautified it with many stately Buildings with a Church Dedicated to the Holy Virgin that still remains and a Palace which in the time of Charles the Bald in the Year eight hundred and eighty one was by the Fury of the Normans reduced to Ashes It hath Mineral Waters about it proper for the Cure of several Maladies from whence it took its Latin name Aquisgranum the Germans call it Acken and a third of it belongs to the Duke of Juliers The Dutchy of Lorrain may be reckoned among the Provinces of France being now in the possession of that King its Capital City is Nancy the other Towns thereof are Marsal Saint Nicholas Pont a Mouson and some others Mets Toul and Verdun are likewise in Lorrain and belong to the French King The County of Burgundy called the Franche-County lies to the East of a Dutchy of the same name belonging to France but the County belonged formerly to the King of Spain though lately Conquered by France The chief Towns of it are Dole the Capital Bezanson an Imperial City Vesoul Grez Cromay Salins Arbois Poligny Nozeret and others The Doux a sweet River waters that Country and passes by Dole it afterwards loses it self in the Saone which divides the Dutchy of Burgundy from the County A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in the Franche Comty and Lorrain In the Franche County  Lat. Long. Besanson 47 1 27 2 Dole 47 0 26 4 Salines 46 5 27 2 St. Claud 46 1 27 3 Grey 47 1½ 26 4 Vesoul 47 4 27 3 Mont Belliard 47 4 28 2 Lure 47 4 27 5 Poligny 46 4 27 0 Bleterans 46 2½ 26 4 Granville 47 2 27 1 In Lorrain Nancy 48 5 28 0 St. Nicholas 48 4½ 28 1 Chaligny 48 4 27 5 Moyen 48 3 28 3 Marsal 49 0 28 4 Rosiers or Salines 48 4 28 2 Blamont 48 4½ 29 0 Remerimont 48 1 28 4 Toul 48 4 27 4 Vaudemont 48 3 27 5 Pont a Mouson 49 0 27 5 Metz 49 2 28 0 Vaudrevauge 49 4 28 4 Sarbruck 49 3 29 0 Nomeny 49 0 27 4 Phaltsburg 48 5 29 2 St. Dieu 48 3 29 0 La Mothe 48 1½ 27 3 Newchâtel 48 2 27 3 Verdun 49 2 27 1 St. Michael 49 0 27 2 Conflans 49 2 27 4 Barledue 48 5 26 5 Espinal 48 2 28 3 Sarbourg 48 5 29 0 CHAP. X. Hungary HUNGARIA THE Kingdom of Hungary hath Transilvania on the East Poland on the North on the West Moravia Austria and Stiria Provinces of Germany and Bosnia and Servia on the South the best part of it is under the Dominion of the Turk the rest belongs to the Emperor who is called King thereof its chief Cities are Buda the Capital which the Germans call Offen Strigonia which they call Gran Alba Regal five Churches Canise Javarin or Rab Gomorre Presbourg and some others This lovely Country hath been the Theatre of much Christian and Turkish blood which hath dyed the Rivers of Marish and Rab that falls into the Danube which runs through the middle of this Kingdom A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Hungary Hungarea Christian and Turkish  Lat. Long. Presburg 48 2 40 1 Zerdahell 48 0 40 3 Raab 47 5 41 0 Lynback 47 0 39 3 Thara 47 0 41 1 Eskeneck 47 3 41 1 Weisbrun 47 1 40 4 Carpornack 46 5 40 0 Sarwar 47 3 40 1 Tyrna 48 5 40 3 Newsol 48 3 42 0 Fillek 48 0 42 3 Porn 48 3 43 1 Caesseria 48 4 43 4 Tokay 48 0 43 4 Zarmar 47 4 45 2 Zygeth 48 2 45 4 Vngivar 44 4 48 3 Perigea 48 2 45 5 Eperies 49 0 43 4 Muan 48 4 42 4 Leutch 49 0 43 0 Esclavonia  Lat. Long. Warisdin 46 3 39 3 Zaarab 46 0 40 0 Novigrad 46 1 39 2 Fort de Serin 46 3 40 0 Croatia Carlestad 45 5 38 5 Serin 45 4 39 3 Kerstin 45 3 39 1 Morloquia Zegna 45 1 38 4 Modrusti 45 2 38 5 Onglin 45 2 38 5 Tersack 45 3 37 5 Hungaria Turkish Betwixt Danube and Draew Canisia 46 4 40 0 Alba Reg. or Stullwesstukirg 47 0 41 1 Petche or 5 Ecclesiae 46 1 42 1 Muhacz 46 1 43 0 Buda Offen Pest 47 1 42 2 Gran. Strigon 47 4 41 4 Betwixt Danub and Tibisch Zeged 46 3 44 0 Zolnock 47 1 43 5 Hat an 47 2 42 4 Agria 48 0 43 0 Fristat 47 3 42 0 Newhastel 48 1 41 0 Betwixt Tibish and Marish Waradin 47 0 45 0 Bekyn 46 5 44 0 Solmos 45 2 46 2 Gyula 46 4 44 4 Betwixt Marish and Danub  Lat. Long. Chonad 46 2 44 1 Temeswar 45 5 44 4 Sippa 46 1 45 1 Beckskerke 45 3 44 0 Trena 45 4 46 2 Esclavonia Turkish Potega 45 4 41 1 Zakocz 46 0 40 3 Passaw 46 0 40 2 Arky 45 2 41 4 Croatia Wihitz 45 1 39 5 Sisseg 45 5 39 4 Dubitz 45 4 40 3 Velay 45 1 39 3 CHAP. XI Transilvania Moldavia Walachia and Bessarabia THESE four Provinces which are under the Power of the Turk lye on the North side of the Danube Transilvania hath to the East Moldavia and Walachia to the South and West Hungary and Walachia and to the North the Territories of Poland its chief Cities are Hermenstadt Croustadt Clausembourg and Wasterhely its Rivers are Marish Aluta and the Tibisque Moldavia hath to the East Bessarabia and Bulgaria to the South Walachia to the West Transilvania and Walachia and to the North Podolia and Volhinia its Capital City is Jasi the Pruth watereth it and the Danube divides it from Bulgaria Walachia hath to the East and North Moldavia to the West Transilvania and to the South Bulgaria from which it is divided by the Danube its Capital City is Tergouisk Bessarabia hath to the East the Black Sea Podolia to the North to the West Moldavia and Bulgaria and the Mouths of the Danube to the South Billagroe at the Mouth of the Neister is one of its chief Towns TRANSILVANIA WALACHIA Moldavia Bulgaria Bessarab A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Transilvania Moldavia Walachia Bessarabia and Petit Tartaria Transilvania  Lat. Long. Berensayd 46 2 46 4 Wessenburg or Alba Julia 46 5 47 0 Kerezbania 46 5 46 0 Clausenburg or Colaswar 47 1 45 3 Zygeth 41 5
we can say nothing with any certainty of them These People as well as those of Biledulgerid are Mahumetans and some of them Idolaters CHAP. XIII The Countrey of Negres and Guinea THat Countrey which is called the Countrey of Negres or Nigritia hath on the West the Atlantick Ocean on the North the Desarts of Lybia on the East Egypt Nubia and the Empire of the Abysins and on the South Guinea and the Kingdom of Congo It is about a Thousand Leagues in length and of a very considerable breadth The River Niger waters it and over-flowing like the Nile renders it fruitful It is divided into several Branches whereof the two chief are Senega Gambao or Riogrande which fall into the Ocean near Cape de Verd. That great Countrey is divided into several Kingdoms of which the most remarkable are Genehoa Tombut Senega Gago Gualata Melli Cano Agadez and betwixt the Branches of the Niger the Kingdom of the Jaloffes and Gambea They have generally either given or taken their Names from their chief Towns The People are of different Religions a great many of them are Idolaters and some few are Mahumetans they are subject also to different Princes Guinea hath to the East and North the Countrey of Negres in which some Geographers also place it towards the West and South the Ethiopick Ocean It contains the Kingdoms of Sierra Leona Sabon and Benin It hath no Towns of any note The Coast there is called by several Names as the Grain Coast the Quaqua Coast and the Gold Coast upon which the English Dutch and some other Nations have their Forts and Factories The Natives drive a great Trade with the Europeans who transport yearly into the West-Indies several thousands of these wretched Animals sold to them by their inhumane Lords and sometimes by their own Parents into perpetual Slavery This Countrey abounds in Gold the Natives for the most part are Idolaters and some of them worship their Kings CHAP. XIV The Kingdoms of Congo Cacongo Angola Malemba and Mataman THese Kingdoms are by some Geographers placed in Ethiopia but we distinguish them because under that name the Countrey of the Abyssins is chiefly understood The Kingdom of Congo hath to the East the Empire of Prester John to the North the Countrey of Negres to the West the Ocean of Ethiopia and to the South the Kingdom of Angola It is divided into several Provinces and its chief Town is called St. Salvador Next to that the most remarkable are Panho Batta Sanho Sunde Pemba which take or give their Names to their Provinces The River Zaire that comes from a Lake of the same Name runs through this Kingdom with a Stream famous for its swiftness and breadth That of Coanza makes the Isle of Loanda at its Mouth there is another River likewise called Lelunde In the Northern part of this Countrey there are People called Anzicains who are reported to eat Mans Flesh which is sold in the Shambles as Beef and Mutton with us COAST OF BARBARY From Tanger to Cape Bōn COAST OF BARBARY From Cape Bon to Damieta MALTA LEEWARD Islands SIAM MALACCA and the Indian ISLANDS The MOLVCCA Isles Isles of IAPAN The PHILIPPINE Islands FRANCHE CONNTY SAVOY TERCERA Islands CANARY Islands Islands of CAPE VERD PERU CHILI and MAGELLANICA ZANGUEBAR MONOMOTAPA The Kingdom of Caconga is to the Eastward of the former and there is no Town observed in it That of Angola is to the South of Congo its chief Town is Dongo Here are the Mountains of Cambambe Rich in Silver Mines and Cape St. Mary The Kingdom of Malemba is to the East of Angola and near the Lake Zambre that of Mataman is to the South of it The People of these Kingdoms are Idolaters but the Jesuites daily endeavour their Conversion CHAP. XV. Caffreria Sofala Zanguebar and some other Countreys THE Countrey of the Caffres or Hottentots named Caffreria hath to the East and North Monomotapa to the West and South the Ocean and reaches to the Cape of Good Hope Along the Coasts of it are good Ports No Towns are to be seen here the People are altogether barbarous having neither Laws Kings or Religion Near the Cape of Good Hope the Hollanders have planted a very Noble Colony which supplies in great abundance all Necessaries to their Ships as they go and come from the East-Indies The Kingdom of Sofala is upon the Indian Ocean its chief Town bears its Name and is built in an Island made by the River of Cuama Some Authors take this Countrey for the Land of Ophir whither Solomon sent to fetch Gold for Adorning of that stately Temple which he Built Zanguebar is to the North of it and extends it self upon the Indian Ocean which it hath to the East as far as the Kingdom of Adea which it hath on the North side and the Empire of the Abyssins to the West It comprehends Six Kingdoms to wit Mongalo Mozambique Angothe Quiloa Mombaza and Melinde each of them having a Capital Town bearing its Name The Inhabitants are Idolaters or Mahumetans with some few Christians The Portuguese possess Mozambique and Mombaza with some other places Continuing still Northward and along the Indian Sea we find the Republick of Brave consisting onely in one Maritime Town of the same Name which was pretty Rich before it was sacked by the Portuguese Next we find the Kingdoms of Magadoxo and Adel with their Capitals of the same Name the latter reaches to the Cape Guardafuy and the Streights of Babel mandel which Joyns the Ocean to the Red Sea The Kingdom of Abex is upon that Sea and under the Ottoman Empire It s chief Towns are Arguico Doncale and Suguam all three Maritime If there be any other little States they are so inconsiderable that it is not worth our while to stop and view them just when we are about to consider larger and more Famous Territories in the middle of Africa whereof we have now Surveyed the Confines CHAP. XVI NUBIA NUBIA hath the Nile on the East which divides it from Ethiophia that is likewise to the South of it The Countrey of Negro's on the West and Egypt on the North. Its Metropolis of the same Name is upon the Nile and the others deserve not the Name of Towns being but pitiful Villages The Inhabitants have been Christians and according to some Authors are so still but without any Exercise of Religio of which they retain nothing but the shadow and confused Knowledge CHAP. XVII Ethiopia or the Empire of the Abyssins SOme Geographers divide Ethiopia into the Upper and Lower and under this comprehend the Kingdoms of Congo Angola and some others whereof we have treated and those of Monomotapa and Monoemugi of which we shall speak And under the other they place the Empire of the Abyssins but because this retains particularly the Name of Ethiophia we shall use the same without perplexing our selves about that Division Ethiopia has to the North Nubia and Egypt to the
East the Kingdom of Abex and Zanguebar to the South Monoemugi and to the West the Kingdome of Congo and the Countrey of Negro's That vast Tract of Land which makes the Empire of the Abyssins is all in the Torrid Zone and reaches almost from the one Tropick to the other It s length from North to South is Six hundred Leagues The Nile crosses it and forms therein a Famous Island which the Ancients Named Meroe and the Moderns Gueguerre This great State is divided into a great many Kingdoms or Provinces which bear that Name The next to Egypt is the Kingdom of Cansila then streatching Southward these following are to be seen Barnagasso Tigremahon Bagamidri Amara Roxa Narea Zet and several others which I mention not as judging it useless to fill this Description with barbarous Names that are good for nothing The Towns here are mean and inconsiderable having neither beauty nor extent with pitiful Houses built of mud or clay and straw because there is but very little wood or lime in the Countrey Nor hath the King of Ethiopia fixed upon any Town for his usual Residence but goes from Province to Province having all his Court lodging in Tents of which he hath always Five or Six thousand carried about with him in his Retinue This is an odd way of living and yet he is one of the greatest Princes in the World he hath vast and large Dominions great Treasures rich Furniture and can send numerous and strong Armies into the Field He is abusively called Prester John his Subjects call him Adubvegue which signifies Emperour and some Moderns Negus as much as to say Monarch That Powerful Prince and all his Subjects profess Christianity but with some mixture of Jewish Ceremonies for they retain both Circumcision and Baptism Their Priests Marry but yet they have Monks They have a Patriarch who is the Head of their Church whom they call the Abuna and their Country is full of Monasteries CHAP. XVIII The Kingdoms of Monoemugi and Monomotapa THE Kingdom of Monoemugy hath to the North the Empire of the Abyssins to the East Zanguebar and Sofala to the South Monomotapa and to the West Congo Sofala whereof we have spoken depends on it and belongs to the same Prince His other Countreys are inconsiderable and the Towns that are more so are Beif Agag Camar To the Northward of this State rise above the Clouds the high Mountains of the Moon The Inhabitants are almost void of all Religion The Kingdom of Monomotapa hath the last Kingdom we spake of to the North and on all other sides the Countrey of the Caffres The chief City of it and Seat of the Prince is of the same Name it s other Towns are Mogar Mosata and Gale Under it are comprehended the Kingdoms of Toroa Inhambane and Inhamior Its Inhabitants are Idolaters whom the Jesuits labour to convert to Christianity This Rigion is watered with the Rivers of Cuama and Spiritu Sancto These are the more known Regions of Affrica which yet are so little so that what we can say of them deserves not the Name of a Description The chief Mountains are Atlas Sierra-Liona Mount Amara and the Mountains of the Moon The chief Capes thereof are Cape Verd the Cape of Good Hope and Guarda-fuy Its Rivers are the Nile that runs into the Meditarranean after it hath watered Ethiopia and Egypt The Niger that runs through the Countrey of Negres and falls into the Atlantick Ocean near the Cape Verd where it makes many Branches The Zambre that proceeds from a Lake of the same Name runs through the Lake of Zachaf and dividing it self into two Branches one whereof is called Cuama and the other de Spiritu Sancto both whereof are discharged into the Indian Sea and the River Zaire which falls with great Impetuosity into the Ethiopian Sea CAHP. XIX The Isles of AFRICA IN the Miditerranean are first the Isle of Malta the Melita of the Ancients Famous for the Shipwrack of the Apostle St. Paul and the Residence of the great Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem which bears its Name It is Seven Leagues Long and Four Broad Its Towns are the Valette the City the Bourg and St. Michael with the Castle St. Elme The Isles of Comin and Comminet Forfora Goze Lampadosa and Limosa belong likewise to the order of Malta The Isle of Pantalarea belongs to the Portuguese and that of Zerbi to the Turks In the Atlantick Ocean are the Canaries that belong to the Spaniards Porto Santo Madera and the Cape De Verd Islands which belong to the Crown of Portugal Porto Santo is near to Madera and in respect of it inconsiderable for Madera is large and fruitful producing good Wines and that Sugar which goes by its Name The chief City of it is Funchall and has a Bishop Suffragant to the Archbishop of Lisbonne The People are Civil and Roman Catholicks The Canaries which the Ancients called the Fortunate Islands because of the goodness of the Air and Soil are to the West of the Kingdom of Morocco they reckon Seven of them that are the chief to wit the Grand Canaries the Isle of Ferro the Isles of Taneriffe Lacerotte Palma Gomera and Fortventura The great Canary which hath given its Name to all the rest and got it from the abundance of Dogs that were found there hath a Town of the same Name which is a Bishoprick The Island of Ferro is considerable for that we have from thence taken our beginning of Longitude it being the most Westerly of these Islands There is here a Tree which so condenses the Air that it furnishes the Inhabitants with Water which is otherwise scarce enough with them Taneriffe is remarkable for a great Mountain which is thought to be the highest in the World called by the Spaniards Pico from thence we have the best Canary Wine The rest are but inconsiderable The Cape De Verd Islands so called because they are opposite to that Cape were known to the Ancients by the Name of Hesperides Gorgoniae and Gorgades The chief of them are Eight to wit St. Anthony St. Vincent St. Luce St. Nicholas St. Jago del Sal Mayo and Fuego That of St. Jago or St. James is the most considerable It hath a City of the the same Name the Bishop whereof is Suffragant to the Arch Bishop of Lisbon It s other Towns are Ribera a great place and much frequented St. Thomas St. Michael and La Praya which is its best Port. The Air of this Island is extreamly bad In the Ethiopick Ocean and near Sierra-Liona are the little Isles of Farellon and Massacoya Somewhat farther in the bottom of the Bay or Bight of Guinea is that of St. Thomas discovered on that Saints day whose Name it bears It is directly under the Equinoctial It s chief Town is Pavoasan Inhabited by the Portuguese The Princes Island is near to the former and was so called because the Revenue thereof was appointed
Honduras has the Town of Truxillo Nicaragua hath Cartagen and Veragua and La Conception These Three last Provinces and Costarica lie between the South Sea and the Bay of Mexico Anien is onely remarkable for the Streights that carry its Name which are by some thought to be fabulous and runs between Califurnia and the land of Jesso this land is supposed to stretch far out into the West and is seperated from Asia onely by some branches of the Sea and from Japan by the Streights of Sangar Quivira was called New Albion by Sir Francis Drake Admiral of an English Fleet who discovered that Countrey in the year One thousand five hundred and seventy nine it lies on the Vermilian Sea that divides it from Califurnia but there are no Towns observed in it New Mexico contains New Granada wherein is the Town of Staffe CHAP. III. South AMERICA UPon the Isthmus of Panama are two Towns whereof the one that gives it the Name is upon the South Sea and the other which is upon the North or rather the Bay of Mexico is called Nembre di dios Beyond that space of Land which lies between the two Seas are the following Regions on the North Sea Golden Castille so called from that precious Metal which is found there in abundance It s chief Towns are Carthagena St. Martha and St. Fe de Bogota To the East of that is the Countrey of the Caribbes in which is the North Cape well known to those that Sail in these Seas The Inhabitants go stark Naked and have neither Government nor Religion Guiana is to the South it hath a Town called Manoa and by the Spaniards El Dorado because there is much Gold in it with a Lake of a vast extent almost under the Line Some affirm that there are a kind of Monstrous People in that Regions who have no Heads and have their Eyes in their Shoulders and their Bellies but that is only learnt from the report of their Neighbours who heretofore told it to Sir Walter Raleigh Admiral of an English Fleet under Queen Elizabeth We are not to believe all that we are told neither are we to deny all that we cannot believe The truth is that report of Men without Heads is very strange and seems contrary to the order of Nature which is not guilty of so considerable mistakes as to fail in the production of a whole race of People Sometimes she produces Monsters because she meets with bad Dispositions that hinders her Operations but as if she repented of what she had done and would disown such imperfect works she puts a stop to the progress and suffers them not to propagate and beget others like themselves Brasile streches on the North Sea from the River of Amazones to the Region of De la Plata The People go there stark Naked neither sow nor reap but live on the Natural Fruits of the Earth which are very plentiful in their Region and by Hunting and Fishing They cat the Prisoners they take in War rather to satiate their Revenge than their Appetite They have no Prince no Laws nor Religion and they believed not that there was a God until they were instructed by the Europeans with whom they conversed The Portuguese English and Hollanders have had Plantations there and sometimes Wars for their Titles In that Countrey are the Towns of St. Salvador or Baiae on the famous Bay of Todos los Santos Pernambouk Rio Janeiro and several others But let us not leave this fair Countrey without viewing the most pleasant and biggest River of the World that watereth it It is called the River of Amazons because some Women carrying Arms and Fighting were observed upon the Banks thereof It is likewise called Oregliane from a Spanish Captain that sailed long upon it It springs from the Mountains of Peru and carries its Streams through that Countrey into Brasile where after a course of Six hundred Leagues long it pays the Sea the largest tribute that it any where receives It s Mouth in the opinion of some is Fourscore Leagues over and just under the Line it mingles with the North Sea The Region De la Plata is to the South of Brasile and on the North Sea it is refreshed by a River that gives it both its Name and Water The Portuguese have called it Rio de la Plata that is the Silver River because Silver is found amongst the Sands it brings with it On the side of it is the City of Assumption the others are St. Foy and the Visitation The Countrey of Chica and that of Patagons which borders on the Streights of Magellen are to the South beyond La Plata Here are no Towns some Capes and famous Ports as the Port Desire and the Cape De las Virgines It is true that on the Streights are to be seen the Ruin of a Town called Philippa built by the Spaniards where they were almost all starved The most remarkable thing in this Region is the People that inhabit it and are called Patagons they have been reported to be Ten or Twelve foot high and to swallow down a Pail full of Wine with as much ease as an ordinary Man one Glass They cover themselves with Beasts Skins and carry Clubs Bows and Arrows They lay their Dead upon little Hills and cover them with heaps of Stones lest Beasts should devour them It hath not been observed that they have any Laws or Religion In a word they are Barbarians and for Strength and Bulk of Body some what exceed our Europeans but our latest Discoveries will not permit them to be Giants Having passed the Streights that were called after Magellan's Name who discovered it and had so much honour thereby we find on the South Sea Cape Desire and advancing from South to North Chili and Peru. The Country Chili hath these chief Towns St. Jago L' Imperial La Conception and Baldivia Peru is is to the North of Chili and reaches Five hundred Leagues from South to North it hath to the West the South Sea to the East the high Hills which the Spaniards call Las Cordilleras or the Andes perpetually covered with Snow in the midst of the Torrid Zone when Pizarro and Almagro arrived in that Countrey in the year One thousand five hundred and twenty four it was subject to the Princes named Ingas who had settled a powerful Empire in those Places extending above Fifteen hundred Leagues in circuit they had governed there above Six hundred years when the Avarice and Ambition of those two Spaniards promoted them to dethrone the last that swayed that Scepter his Name was Atahualpa or Atabalipa whom they took and caused to be strangled Here they found a prodigious quantity of Gold The Inhabitants were Polite and Civil they worshipped the Sun and believed there was another God Superior to him whom they called Pachacamac The City of Cusco was the Imperial Seat of the Ingas The second in Dignity was Quito situated almost under the Equinoctial both
which remain still The Spaniards have built many there the most considerable of which is Lima on the Sea side with a Port. This is the Residence of a Vicroy and Archbishop The other chief Towns are Arica Arcquipa St. Miguel on the Sea and in the Inland Potosi near the famous Mountain of the same Name wherein are inexhaustible Mines of Gold and Silver La Plata so called for its Silver Mines San Juan del Oro and some others The Original Natives of this Kingdom have for the most part been extirpated by their Conquerors and those that were not were converted to the Catholick Faith so that there are several of them Suffragant Bishops to the Archbishop of Lima. The Countrey of Cinnamon lies betwixt Peru and Guiana it was so called by reason that there were Trees found there whose Bark had a great affinity to the true Cinnamon There are no Towns nor Villages observed there Tucuman is between Chili and the Region De la Plata and hath St. Jago del Estero for its chief Town We must now see what are the Mountains Capes Rivers and Streights of this New World It s chief Mountains are the Andes or Las Cordilleras which lie to the East of Peru. The Ingas caused ways to be cut out in them which surpassed all that the Roman Grandure ever could do They filled up deep Valleys and cut through high Rocks the remains of which prodigious Works are still to be seen In Mexico the Mount Popochampeche continually casts out Flames The most famous Capes are Cape Breton Cape Florida the North Cape and that of St. Augustin It s greatest Rivers are that of St. Lawrence in Canada of the Holy Ghost in Florida Oranoka Maragnon the River of Amazones and Rio de la Plata in South America all which run into the North Sea no considerable Rivers fall into the South Sea The most noted Streights are towards the North those of Davies and Hudson towards the South the Streights of Magellan Le Maire and Brouvers of which we shall speak after that we have considered the Islands that lie about this Continent CHAP. IV. The Isles of AMERICA WE shall in the first place view the Isles of the North Sea which are the most considerable for there are but very few in the South Sea and we shall proceed from North to South New-Foundland is an Island near the Bay of St. Lawrence and Land of Canada upon the Banks of which there is a great Cod-fishing The Isles of Assumption is in the Bay of St. Lawrence and the Sandy Island to the South of New-foundland The Bermudas are in the middle of the Ocean and the Bahaman Islands to the East of Florida Cuba lies to the South of them and upon the Mouth of the Bay of Mexico it is above Two hundred Leagues in length and about Threescore in breadth St. Jago is its chief City and an Episcopal Seat Next to that is the Havana where the Spanish Flota Rendevouze and meets on their return homeward from America it lies on the West of the Island and almost opposite to Cape Florida Hispaniola called likewise St. Domingo and by the Natives Haity is about Three hundred Leagues in circumference and lies Eastward from Cuba The Capital City which gives it the Name is St. Domingo the Residence of a Viceroy and Seat of an Archbishop The object of Avarice is found there I mean Gold and Silver Mines The Spaniards have dispeopled these two Islands and banished the Natives as they did from most of the others Jamaica lies South from Cuba and belongs to England the Two chief Towns of it are St. Jago de la Vega otherway called the Spanish Town by whom it was built and Port Royal or the Point built by the English and an excellent Harbour the Governour of the Island resides in the former It is rich and in a flourishing condition St. John de Portorico is to the East of Hispaniola its chief Town which is that of St. John has an excellent Harbour This Island was formerly called Boriquen The Caribbe Islands are to the East of the former and as it were at the Mouth of the Gulph of Mexico which they seem to shut they lie ranked in form of a Crescent and reach from North to South The most remarkable of them are Barbadoes St. Christophers Guadaloupe Dominico Martinico Antego Grenada and the Trinity The English Dutch and French possess most part of them Margareta lies somewhat more Westerly and the Fishing of Pearls which gave it its name renders it famous The Natives of these Islands as in many places of the main Land were Man Eaters or Canibals but at present the greatest part of them are destroyed or forced to seek some other way of living The Isle of Cayenne is near the main Land upon the Coast of Guiana an Island made by the Mouth of a River called also Cayenne The French had settled there and printed Relations of it but in the late Wars the Hollanders dispossessed them and have planted a Colony of their own The Isle of Maranhaon is also at the Mouth of a River that likewise carries the same name The South Sea has very few Islands near to America these are only found there Mocha on the Coast of Chily is an Island of some consideration Califurnia hath been long taken for a Continent but it is at length found to be an Island supposed to be divided from the Land of Jesso by the Straits of Anien and from New Granada by a pretty large Channel which is called the Vermilian Sea The Isles of St. Thomas Nublada and Rocapartida are to the South of Califurnia The Isles of Salomon are in the middle of the South Sea towards the Coasts of New Guinea And now you have Reader what we thought fit to speak of this New World When it was discovered the Inhabitants were either plunged in Idolatry or void of all Religion Of this kind were the People of Brasile Those of Mexico worshiped Idols and Sacrificed Men unto them they plucked out the Hearts of those wretched Victims and threw them at the Feet of their Gods made of Gold and Silver The People of Peru were more moderate in their Worship their Sacrifices were not so cruel they chose for their God the most Glorious of all the Lights of Heaven but they believed him not the Almighty for they assigned a Father and Soveraign to him as well as to all other created Beings and called him as we have already said Pachacamac But it is strange that in all this vast Continent there was no trace of Christianity to be found all of them were ignorant of that yea and of a matter of far less importance though of great use I mean of writing They could not conceive how a piece of Paper could convey the words and thoughts of People at a great distance to one another We may affirm that these Countreys are every way far distant from ours The Beasts Plants Flowers and Fruits are quite different from what are amongst us and the People of Europe imparted theirs to them with the Religion that they profess CHAP. V. The TERRA AUSTRALIS NORTH POLE Betwixt the 30 and 40 degrees of South Latitude and the 210 and 220 of Longitude some late Maps mark a Countrey which they call New Zealand discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and fifty four Under the same Latitude but between the 160 and 170 degrees of Longitude they mark another Land discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and fourty two called Antony van Diemanland Under the same Longitude and the Tropick of Caprioorn they place a Countrey called New-Holland discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and forty four New Guinea is near the Molucca's but it is believed to be an Island and it is not certain whether the Lands we have just now named be Isles or parts of the Continent To the South of the Cape of Good Hope it is supposed that there is Land and some have called it the Land of Parrets They talk of some Kingdoms there but all the knowledge we have of those Countreys is very uncertain for no progress has been made into them some small Touches of the Coast have only been discovered Time and Industry may possibly afford us greater Discoveries CHAP. VI. The Land near the ARCTICK or NORTH POLE. ABout this Pole are Greenland Nova Zembla and Spitzberge with some other Countreys of which we know very little It is certain that some have sailed within Eight degrees of the Pole and it is affirmed that the Hollanders have been under the very Pole but with what truth I shall not adventure to say It is thought by some That about that place America is joyned to the Continent either on the side of Asia or of that of Europe but nothing of it is yet certain It is to be observed that America reaches North to the 70 degree or farther and South to the 52 or 53 degree of Latitude so that it lies partly in the Torrid Zone partly in the North and South temperate Zones and partly in the Northern Frozen Zone Thus Reader I have given you a short and as exact Description of the Earth as I could and have said nothing but what I thought true The little knowledge that we have of the Inland parts of these quarters of the World together with the uncertainty of the Relations of different Travellers made me unwilling to impose upon you for truth those things that I was not well satisfied in my self which has rendred this Treatise possibly more short than the Vast tract of Land it pretends to describe may seem to require FINIS
its name heretofore belonged to the Duke of Savoy but at present it owns no Superior and is erected into a Commonwealth A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in the Kingdom of France In Picardy  Lat. Long. Calais 51 1 23 1 Bologne 50 5 23 1 Abbeville 50 1 23 1 Amiens 49 5 23 4 St. Quintin 50 0 25 1 Perone 50 0 24 4 Oyk 49 4 24 3 In Normandy Rouen 49 3 22 1 Diepe 50 0 22 1 Havre de Grace 49 4 21 1 Lizeux 48 5 21 4 Caen. 49 2 20 1 Isigny 49 4 19 1 Auranches 48 5 19 0 Seez 48 5 20 5 Isle of Jersey 49 3 18 1 Isle of Gernsey 49 4 17 4 In Poictou Poictiers 46 4 21 0 Vivonne 46 3 21 0 Rochel 46 1 19 1 Isle of Re. 46 1 18 4 Amboise 47 2 22 0 Guerot 46 0 23 0 In the Isle de France Paris 48 5 23 3 Soyssons 49 3 24 3 Fountainbleau 48 3 23 3 In Champaign Sedan 49 5 26 1 Rhemes 49 2 25 2 Espernay 49 0 25 0 Chalons 48 4 25 5 Troyes 48 2 25 2 Bray 48 3 24 2 Ay. 49 0 25 2 In Bretagne St. Malo 48 5 18 0 Dol. 48 4 18 3 Rennes 48 0 18 3 Treguier 48 4 16 4 Morlaix 48 2 16 0 St. Pol de Lion 48 4 15 4 Brest 48 0 15 2 Pol David 47 4 15 2 Blauet 47 3 16 4 Vennes 47 2 17 1 Nantes 47 1 18 5 Machecour 46 5 18 3 Dieu 46 4 18 1 Isle de Nermontier 47 0 18 0 Belle Isle 47 0 16 4 Isle de Vssant 48 1 14 2 In Main Mans. 48 0 21 0 Suze 47 5 21 0 In Anjou Anger 's 47 3 19 5 Saumer 47 1 20 2 Bange 47 4 20 5 Craon 47 5 19 2 Tours 47 2 21 4 In Perche Nogent Le Retrou 48 2 21 5 In the Nivernois Nevers 46 5 24 1 In the Orleannois Orleans 47 4 23 0 Blois 47 4 22 2 In Bourgogne  Lat. Long. Dijon 47 1 26 2 Auxerre 47 2 24 4 Autun 46 4 25 2 Chalon 46 3 26 1 Verdun 46 4 26 1 Mascon 46 0 26 0 In Berry Bourges 47 0 23 1 In the Bourbonnois Moulins 46 1 24 2 In the Angumois Angoulesme 45 5 20 5 In Saintonge Saintes 45 5 19 4 Broiiage 45 4 19 1 Isle de Oleron 45 5 18 4 In the Lionnois Lyon 45 4 26 2 Rouanne 45 5 25 1 In Perigort Perigeux 45 2 21 3 In Limosin Limoges 45 4 22 1 In Quercy Cahors 44 2 22 3 In Auvergne St. Flour 44 4 24 2 Mercaeur 45 0 24 1 Vsson 45 1 24 4 Clermont 45 3 24 1 In Rovergne Rodez 44 1 23 3 Estain 44 4 23 2 Vabres 43 4 23 5 In Gascogny  Lat. Long. Bourdeaux 44 5 19 2 Bourg 45 2 19 4 Tour de Cordovan 45 3 18 5 Cusac 45 2 20 0 Albret 44 2 20 2 Aux 43 4 21 0 Lombes 43 2 21 2 Dax 44 0 19 2 Bayonne 43 4 18 2 In Low Navar. Pau. 43 2 19 4 Tarbe 43 1 20 3 St. Bertrant 42 5 21 1 In Languedoc Tholouse 43 3 21 5 Alby 43 3 22 3 Castres 43 2 22 5 Carcasson 43 0 22 3 Narbone 42 5 23 4 Bezieres 43 0 24 0 Montpellier 43 1 25 1 Nismes 43 2 25 3 Vses 43 3 25 3 Viviers 44 0 26 0 In Rousillon Perpignan 42 1 23 3 In Province Freiuls 43 0 28 2 Tholon 42 4 27 4 Marseille 42 5 26 5 Aix 43 0 26 5 Arles 43 0 26 0 Avignon 43 3 26 1 Orange 43 4 26 1 Sisteron 43 5 27 5 In Daufine Vienne 45 1 26 4 Grenoble 44 5 27 2 St. Antoin 44 5 26 4 Valence 44 3 26 3 St. Paul 44 0 26 2 Embrun 44 3 28 1 ITALIE A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in the Dukedom of Savoy In Savoy Proper  Lat. Long. Chambery 45 1 27 3 Montmelian 45 0 27 4 Beufort 45 1½ 28 1 Aix 45 2 27 3 Rumilly 45 3 27 3 Conflens 45 1 28 0 Miolans 45 1 27 4 L'Eschelles 45 0 27 2 In Bugey St. Genis de Hoste 45 1 27 1 Yenne 45 2 27 2 In Maurienna La Chambre 44 5 28 0 St. Jean de Maurien 44 4 28 0 Modane 44 4 28 2 Lasneburg 44 5 28 4 Mount Cenis 44 4 29 0 In the Tarantais  Lat. Long. Moustiers 45 1 28 1 St. Jacquiesme 45 0½ 28 2 St. Maurice 45 1 28 3 In the Genevais Geneva 46 0 27 4 Annecy 45 4 27 4 Alby 45 3 27 4 Thonne 45 3 28 0 In Fausigny La Bonne Ville 45 4 27 5 Cluse 45 4 28 1 Salanche 45 3 28 2 In Chablais Thonon 46 0 28 0½ Ripaille 46 0 28 1 Evian 46 0 28 2 St. Jingo 46 0 28 3 Aux 45 5 28 2 CHAP. VI. Italy ITALY hath on the West the River Var and the Alpes which divide it from France and the Mediterranean Sea it is divided from Germany by the same Mountains on the North on part of which side also is the Gulf of Venice it hath to the East the Ionian Sea and to the South the Sea of Tuscany This Region resembles the Leg and Thigh of a man or if you had rather a Boot The Apennine Hills stretch along the whole length of it and it is divided into several states under the Dominion of divers Princes The Pope possesses the Ecclesiastick State in which are the Campania of Rome the Patrimony of St. Peter the Dutchies of Spoleto Vrbin and Ferrara the Mark of Ancona Romania and the Boulognois and in the Kingdom of Naples the Dutchy of Benevent The King of Spain possesses the Kingdom of Naples the Dutchy of Milan and some places on the side of Tuscany with the Marquisat of Final on the Frontiers of Genoa The Duke of Florence is Master of the greatest part of Tuscany The Duke of Savoy holds Piemont the Marquisat of Saluces and the County of Nice The Duke of Parma the Dutchies of Parma and Placentia and the Dutchy of Castro The Duke of Mantua the Dutchy of Mantua and Montferrat The Duke of Modena the Dutchies of of Modena and Regio The Prince of Massa the Principality that gives him the Title The Prince of Mirandola the Principality of the same name The Bishop of Trent is Prince of his own Bishoprick it contains four Republicks two that are great to wit of Venice and Genoa and two lesser of Lucca and St. Marin The Republick of Venice possesses part of Istria the rest belonging to the House of Austria Frioli the Mark Trevisane il Dogado the Padonan the Veronese the Vicentin the Bressian and the Bergamaske The Republick of Genoa possesses that which is called Riviera di Genoa that of Lucca but little and that of St. Marin less We are now to take a view of of all these States in order Coasting along by the Sea which environs that
sweet Country and proceeding from West to East Having passed the Var we come into the County of Nice wherein is a City of the same name and that of Villa Franca Monaco which belongs to its own Prince the Marquisat of Final with a Town of the same name The Riviera de Genoa wherein are the Metropolis of Genoa which is called in Italian La Superba the Stately and is one of the most beautiful Towns in Italy Savona Albenga and some others Tuscany is separated from the Riviera de Genoa by La Macra it reaches to the Campania of Rome on the East and has that Sea which carries its name on the South and the Apennines on the North. The Duke of Florence who takes the Title of great Duke of Tuscany is Master of the greatest part of it The chief Towns in his Territories are Florence the Capital City Pisa Siena Volterra Pistoia and Legorn a Sea-Port Town The small State of the Republick of Lucca the Principality of Massa and the Stato delli Presidi in which are the Towns Orbitello Porto Hercole and Piombino that belong to the King of Spain are in Tuscany as also the Dutchy of Castro which belongs to the Duke of Parma having a Town of the same name and the Patrimony of St Peter wherein are Viterbo Montefiascone and some others Aquapendente Peruga near a Lake that bears its name Orvieta and Civita Vecchia a fair Port where the Pope keeps his Gallies are likewise in Tuscany The Campania of Rome in ancient times called Latium hath to the East La Terra d' Lavoro of the Kingdom of Naples to the South the Sea to the West Tuscany from which it is separated by the Tibre and to the North Abruzzo its Capital City is Rome so famous that none can compare with it heretofore it gave Laws to the whole World almost and at present extends its power farther than ever seeing the Popes exercise their Authority in America where the Consuls and Emperors of Rome were never known There are many prints of its ancient splendor still extant as the Pantheon which goes by the name of Santa Maria Rotunda the Pillars of Trajan and Antonin Amphitheaters Baths Aqueducts and many other stately remains of Antiquity which by their Ruins publish the Roman Magnificence and Grandeur it stands upon the Tiber at the mouth of which River is the Town of Ostia The other Towns of the Campania of Rome are Tivoli formerly Tybur where are excellent Waters Avagnia Palestrine which is the ancient Preneste Veletri heretofore Velitrae where Augustus was born Terracine and some others The Kingdom of Naples is bounded on the West by the State of the Church and on all other sides by the Sea to wit the Sea of Tuscany on the South that of Ionia on the East and the Gulf of Venice on the North it is divided into several Provinces on the Tuscan Sea are Terra di Lavoro of which Naples is the Capital City that hath a good Port the others are Capoua Pussoli Cajette and Baiae that is ruined The Principality wherein Salerne is Calabria that contains Cosenca and Regio The Basilicate and Principality of Tarento lie on the Ionian Sea and on the Gulf of Venice the Country of Otranto that has a Town of the same name and the Land of Bari in which are Bari and Brindisi Apulia wherein is Manfredonia Abruzzo whereof the Capital Town is Aquila And in that Province also is the Dutchy of Benevento that belongs to the Church The Mark of Ancona lies likewise on the Gulf of Venice in which is a Town of the same name and that of our Lady of Loretto that is much frequented upon the account of Devotion Next after comes Romania its Capital City is Ravenna and the others are Faensa Forli and Imola The Boulognois has Bononia for its Capital which is one of the fairest Cities of Italy The Dutchy of Ferrara with its Metropolis of the same name is Situated on the Po. The Dutchy of Venice wherein is comprehended that delicate City built upon Piles in the Sea Frioli where are Vdena and the Ruins of Aquilea Istria which belongs partly to the Venetians and partly to the Archdukes of Austria bounds Italy on that side the chief Towns of it are Cabo d' Istria Tergeste Parentia and Pola The Marque or Mark Trevisane hath Trevisa Verona and Vicensa The Bishoprick of Trent stretches along the Alpes and its chief City is famous for the last Council held there the Bishoprick of Bellona is in the same Province also The Dutchy of Milan hath the Alpes on the North Piemont on the West Parma on the South and the Venetian State on the East Milan its Capital is one of the greatest Towns of Europe and its Castle one of the best Fortresses in the same Province are also Pavia Cremona Novarra Lodi Como and Vigevano The Metropolis of Piemont is Turin on the Po a lovely City where the Dukes of Savoy keep their Court Pignerol a strong place belonging to France is in the same Province Carmagnole is the chief Town of the Marquisat of Saluces as Casal is in Montferrat The Dutchies of Parma Placentia Modena and Regio have their Capital Cities of the same names The Dutchy of Mantua hath likewise a City of the same name built in the middle of a Lake on the River Mince These Dutchies that we have now named lie in that part of Italy which the Romans called Gallia Cisalpina because the Gaules were planted there and that as to them it was on this side of the Alpes it was afterwards called Lombardy from the Lombards that Conquered it which name it still retains it is on the South shut up by the Apennine Hills the Alpes on the North and West and by the Gulf of Venice and the River Pisaura or Foglia on the East A great part of the Venetian State lies in that Region as Crema a strong Town Bergamo with its Territory and Eresse or Brescia wirh its Dependances The Dutchy of Spoleto and that of St. Vrbin which belongs to the Holy See have each of them a Capital Town of the same name and are Situated upon the Apennine Mountains in the Center of Italy In the first is the Town of Assise where St. Francis was born within the second is enclosed the little Republick of St. Marin under the Protection of the Pope The chief Rivers of Italy that fall into the Mediterranean are the Var which runs through the County of Nice and divides it from Provence the Magra which divides Liguria called Riviera di Genoa from Tuscany the Arne that passes by Florence and Pisa the Tiber that runs by Rome and is augmented by Teverone and Chiara the Garigliano heretofore Liris and the Vulturno Into the Gulf of Venice fall Lofanto Pescara and Tronto which are in the Kingdom of Naples the Foglia that is is in the Mark of Ancona Rubicon at present Pisatello that heretofore divided Gallia Cisalpina