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or_o tongue_n the_o second_o kind_n be_v call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n marganas_n and_o be_v like_o those_o parrot_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v into_o europe_n of_o no_o great_a account_n among_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o multitude_n or_o abundance_n they_o be_v not_o less_o frequent_a there_o than_o pigeon_n with_o we_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o parrot_n call_v by_o they_o tovis_n be_v not_o great_a than_o a_o starling_n and_o have_v their_o whole_a body_n cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o deep_a green_a but_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v very_o long_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o yellow_a he_o add_v further_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o parrot_n of_o that_o country_n do_v not_o build_v nest_n hang_v down_o on_o the_o bough_n or_o twig_n of_o tree_n as_o some_o by_o their_o topographical_n table_n will_v persuade_v we_o but_o in_o the_o hollow_n of_o tree_n of_o a_o orbicular_a figure_n sufficient_o hard_a and_o firm_a then_o clusius_n 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promiscuous_o by_o that_o nefarious_a coition_n interdict_a mankind_n by_o no_o less_o than_o a_o capital_a punishment_n which_o thing_n pliny_n after_o his_o manner_n have_v witty_o and_o elegant_o comprise_v in_o a_o few_o word_n illae_fw-la i._n e._n foeminae_fw-la quidem_fw-la &_o maritos_fw-la suos_fw-la fallunt_fw-la quoniam_fw-la intemperantiâ_fw-la libidinis_fw-la srangunt_fw-la earum_fw-la ova_fw-la nè_fw-la incubando_fw-la detineantur_fw-la tunc_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la dimicant_fw-la mare_n desiderio_fw-la foeminarum_fw-la victum_fw-la aiunt_fw-la venerem_fw-la pati_fw-la that_o they_o make_v two_o nest_n wherein_o they_o lie_v their_o egg_n half_a in_o one_o and_o half_a in_o the_o other_o in_o one_o whereof_o the_o female_a sit_v and_o in_o the_o other_o the_o male_n and_o that_o both_o do_v hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o part_n of_o young_a that_o the_o hen_n without_o be_v ever_o tread_v by_o the_o cock_n if_o they_o do_v only_o stand_v opposite_a to_o they_o and_o the_o wind_n blow_n from_o thence_o upon_o they_o will_v conceive_v egg_n and_o those_o prolific_a of_o which_o thing_n some_o modern_a writer_n have_v indiscreet_o endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o account_n before_o they_o have_v any_o assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o the_o hen_n be_v so_o intemperate_o lustful_a that_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o bird_n they_o can_v abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o venery_n so_o much_o as_o while_o they_o be_v sit_v which_o particular_n also_o pliny_n brief_o and_o ingenious_o thus_o word_n neque_fw-la in_o ullo_fw-la animali_fw-la par_fw-fr opus_fw-la libidinis_fw-la si_fw-mi contra_fw-la mare_n steterint_fw-la foeminae_fw-la aurâ_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la flante_fw-la praegnantes_fw-la fiunt_fw-la hiantes_fw-la a._n exertâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la per_fw-la id_fw-la tempus_fw-la aestuant_fw-la concipiúntque_fw-la supervolantium_fw-la afflatu_fw-la saepe_fw-la voce_fw-la tantùm_fw-la audita_fw-la masculi_fw-la adeoque_fw-la vincit_fw-la libido_fw-la etiam_fw-la foetûs_fw-la charitatem_fw-la ut_fw-la illa_fw-la furtim_fw-la &_o in_fw-la occulto_fw-la incubans_fw-la cum_fw-la sensit_fw-la foeminam_fw-la aucupis_fw-la accedentem_fw-la ad_fw-la marem_fw-la recanat_fw-la revocétque_fw-la &_o ultro_fw-la se_fw-la praebeat_fw-la libidini_fw-la that_o the_o cock_n be_v overcome_v in_o fight_n dare_v never_o so_o much_o as_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o his_o mistress_n or_o mate_n that_o the_o partridge_n when_o her_o own_o egg_n be_v break_v or_o any_o way_n mar_v or_o lose_v steal_v another_o partridge_n egg_n sit_v upon_o they_o hatch_v they_o brood_n and_o bring_v up_o the_o young_a which_o yet_o when_o they_o be_v a_o little_a grow_v hear_v their_o dam_n voice_n that_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o that_o partridge_n that_o lay_v the_o egg_n do_v by_o instinct_n present_o know_v it_o and_o leave_v their_o foster_n mother_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o own_o dam_n that_o she_o often_o turn_v she_o upon_o her_o back_n and_o so_o lie_v with_o her_o belly_n upward_o cover_v herself_o with_o clod_n and_o straw_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n deceive_v and_o escape_v the_o fowler_n but_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o insist_v long_o upon_o rehearse_v or_o refute_v these_o particular_n these_o bird_n say_v aldrovandus_n in_o the_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n of_o prince_n hold_v the_o principal_a place_n without_o which_o such_o feast_n be_v esteem_v ignoble_a vulgar_a and_o of_o no_o account_n indeed_o the_o frenchman_n do_v so_o high_o value_v and_o be_v so_o fond_a of_o partridge_n that_o if_o they_o be_v want_v they_o utter_o sleight_v and_o despise_v the_o best_a spread_a table_n and_o most_o plentiful_a and_o delicate_a treatment_n as_o if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o feast_n without_o this_o dish_n as_o the_o flesh_n of_o partridge_n say_v bellonius_fw-la be_v very_o delicate_a and_o grateful_a to_o the_o palate_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o great_o commend_v for_o that_o it_o nourish_v much_o be_v easy_o digest_v and_o breed_v good_a blood_n in_o the_o body_n the_o flesh_n of_o the_o great_a kind_n be_v more_o solid_a and_o hard_a though_o hard_o only_o comparative_o of_o the_o lesser_a more_o tender_a and_o consequent_o yield_v a_o fine_a more_o dissipable_a and_o spirituous_a nourishment_n be_v also_o of_o easy_a concoction_n but_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o white_a as_o that_o of_o the_o great_a palate-man_n and_o such_o as_o have_v skill_n in_o eat_v do_v chief_o commend_v the_o partridge_n wing_n prefer_v it_o much_o before_o the_o leg_n as_o indeed_o it_o be_v much_o better_a hence_o that_o english_a proverbial_a rhythm_n if_o the_o partridge_n have_v the_o woodcock_n thigh_n it_o will_v be_v the_o best_a bird_n that_o ever_o do_v fly_v he_o that_o desire_v yet_o further_o information_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o temperament_n of_o partridge_n flesh_n let_v he_o consult_v aldrovand_n §._o vii_o bellonius_fw-la his_fw-la greek_a partridge_n or_o great_a red_a partridge_n the_o same_o with_o the_o precedent_n the_o great_a partridge_n which_o the_o grecian_n follow_v the_o italian_n common_o call_v coturno_n seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v different_a from_o the_o partridge_n both_o of_o france_n and_o gothia_n gothland_n for_o it_o be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o our_o country_n partridge_n have_v red_a bill_n and_o leg_n be_v spot_v on_o the_o breast_n and_o side_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o meansized_n handsome_a hen._n this_o kind_n of_o partridge_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o the_o rock_n of_o colme_z the_o cyclades_n island_n and_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o candy_n that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o any_o other_o bird_n their_o cry_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o our_o partridge_n be_v great_a and_o sonorous_a especial_o in_o breed_v and_o couple_v time_n when_o they_o express_v and_o often_o repeat_v the_o sound_n of_o this_o word_n cacabis_fw-la whence_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o the_o latin_n be_v teach_v by_o the_o greek_n to_o express_v the_o note_n of_o a_o partridge_n by_o the_o word_n cacabare_n we_o also_o borrow_v the_o name_n cacabis_fw-la whereby_o we_o in_o some_o place_n call_v a_o partridge_n from_o their_o voice_n or_o cry_v they_o follow_v one_o another_o on_o the_o rock_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o my_o judgement_n aristotle_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o he_o say_v if_o hen_n couple_n with_o partridge_n they_o generate_v a_o different_a kind_n they_o build_v in_o a_o open_a place_n without_o cover_n or_o shelter_v in_o may-time_n among_o certain_a herb_n what_o time_n they_o come_v down_o from_o the_o rock_n seek_v convenient_a place_n to_o build_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o young_a they_o lay_v their_o egg_n upon_o the_o ground_n under_o some_o great_a stone_n sometime_o eighteen_o sometime_o sixteen_o more_o or_o less_o like_o hen_n egg_n but_o less_o white_a and_o speckled_a thick_a with_o small_a red_a spot_n very_o good_a to_o eat_v as_o hen_n egg_n but_o their_o yolk_n congeal_v not_o after_o they_o have_v hatch_v their_o young_a they_o lead_v they_o out_o into_o the_o champain_n or_o open_a field_n to_o seek_v their_o food_n wherefore_o we_o think_v this_o kind_n of_o partridge_n to_o be_v altogether_o different_a from_o we_o for_o in_o some_o place_n of_o italy_n both_o kind_n be_v find_v and_o call_v by_o divers_a name_n viz._n this_o by_o the_o name_n of_o coturno_n the_o other_o by_o the_o name_n of_o perdice_n or_o pernice_n thus_o far_a bellonius_fw-la aldrovandus_n think_v that_o this_o bird_n differ_v from_o the_o great_a red_a partridge_n or_o coturnice_n of_o the_o italian_n only_o in_o bigness_n and_o true_o i_o be_o now_o whole_o come_v over_o to_o his_o opinion_n sith_o bellonius_fw-la himself_z make_v they_o all_o one_o what_o partridge_n bellonius_fw-la mean_n by_o the_o partridge_n of_o gothia_n i_o know_v not_o §._o viii_o the_o quail_n coturnix_n it_o be_v the_o least_o bird_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o a_o flatter_v or_o broad_a body_n and_o not_o so_o narrow_a or_o compress_a sideway_n as_o the_o land-rail_a or_o daker-hen_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a its_o breadth_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v fourteen_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n half_o a_o inch_n long_o its_o figure_n more_o depress_v and_o plain_a than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o low_a chap_n black_a the_o upper_a of_o a_o pale_a dusky_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o eye_n have_v a_o nictating_a membrane_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o dirty_a pale_a yellow_a the_o throat_n have_v a_o little_a mixture_n of_o red_a ruffi_n under_o the_o low_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o long_a and_o broad_a stroke_n of_o black_a tend_v downward_o above_o the_o eye_n and_o along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o head_n be_v whitish_a line_n the_o head_n
perchance_o these_o may_v be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o 360._o aldrovandus_n tell_v we_o be_v call_v by_o his_o country_n man_n colombe_n sotto_fw-it banche_fw-mi that_o be_v pigeon_n under_o form_n or_o bench_n from_o their_o place_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o big_a than_o the_o common_a wild_a pigeon_n inhabit_v dove-cote_n 2._o cropper_n so_o call_v because_o they_o can_v and_o usual_o do_v by_o attract_v the_o air_n blow_v up_o their_o crop_n to_o that_o strange_a bigness_n that_o they_o exceed_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n beside_o a_o certain_a man_n hollander_n inform_v aldrovandus_n that_o these_o kropper_n duve_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o common_a domestic_a pigeon_n which_o as_o they_o fly_v and_o while_o they_o make_v that_o murmur_a noise_n swell_v their_o throat_n to_o a_o great_a bigness_n and_o the_o big_a the_o better_a and_o more_o generous_a they_o be_v esteem_v those_o that_o i_o see_v at_o mr._n copes_n a_o citizen_n of_o london_n live_v in_o jewin_n street_n seem_v to_o i_o nothing_o big_a but_o rather_o less_o than_o runt_n and_o somewhat_o more_o slender_a and_o long-bodied_n these_o differ_v no_o less_o one_o from_o another_o in_o colour_n than_o the_o precedent_n 3._o broad-tailed_a shakers_n call_a shakers_n because_o they_o do_v almost_o constant_o shake_v or_o wag_v their_o head_n and_o neck_n up_o and_o down_o broad-tailed_a from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o feather_n they_o have_v in_o their_o tail_n they_o say_v not_o few_o than_o twenty_o six_o when_o they_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o they_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n hold_v their_o tail_n erect_v like_o a_o hen_n or_o turkeycock_n these_o also_o vary_v much_o in_o colour_n 4._o narrow-tailed_a shakers_n these_o agree_v with_o the_o precedent_n in_o shake_v but_o differ_v in_o the_o narrowness_n of_o their_o tail_n as_o the_o name_n import_v they_o be_v say_v also_o to_o vary_v in_o colour_n this_o kind_n we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o see_v nor_o have_v we_o more_o to_o say_v of_o it_o 5._o carrier_n these_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n with_o common_a pigeon_n or_o somewhat_o less_o of_o a_o dark_a blue_a or_o blackish_a colour_n they_o be_v easy_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o 1._o by_o their_o colour_n 2._o in_o that_o their_o eye_n be_v compass_v about_o with_o a_o broad_a circle_n of_o naked_a tuberous_a white_a furfuraceous_a skin_n 3._o that_o the_o upper_a chap_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v cover_v above_o half_a way_n from_o the_o head_n with_o a_o double_a crust_n of_o the_o like_a naked_a fungous_n skin_n the_o bill_n be_v not_o short_a but_o of_o a_o moderate_a length_n they_o make_v use_v of_o these_o bird_n to_o convey_v letter_n to_o and_o fro_o chief_o in_o the_o turkish_a empire_n perchance_o these_o may_v be_v the_o persian_a and_o turkish_a pigeon_n of_o aldrovand_n all_o over_o of_o a_o dusky_a or_o dark_a brown_a colour_n except_v the_o eye_n which_o be_v scarlet_a the_o foot_n which_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a and_o the_o bill_n which_o as_o he_o say_v be_v yellow_a wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o we_o who_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o nature_n of_o these_o bird_n be_v such_o that_o though_o carry_v far_o away_o they_o will_v return_v speedy_o thither_o where_o either_o themselves_o be_v breed_v or_o bring_v up_o or_o where_o they_o have_v hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o young_a of_o this_o kind_n we_o see_v in_o the_o king_n aviary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n and_o at_o mr._n copes_n a_o embroiderer_n in_o jewin_n street_n london_n moreover_o we_o read_v that_o the_o ancient_n sometime_o make_v use_n of_o pigeon_n in_o send_v letter_n as_o for_o example_n hirtius_n and_o brutus_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o modena_n hirtius_n send_v a_o dove_n to_o brutus_n and_o brutus_n back_o again_o to_o hirtius_n have_v by_o meat_n lay_v in_o some_o high_a place_n instruct_v these_o pigeon_n before_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n and_o keep_v very_o hungry_a to_o fly_v from_o one_o to_o another_o 6._o jacboine_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a cappers_n because_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n or_o nape_n of_o the_o neck_n certain_a feather_n reflect_v upward_o encompass_v the_o head_n behind_o almost_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o monk_n hood_n when_o he_o put_v it_o back_o to_o uncover_v his_o head_n these_o be_v call_v cyprus_n pigeon_n by_o aldrovand_n and_o there_o be_v of_o they_o rough-footed_a aldrovandus_n have_v set_v forth_o three_o or_o four_o either_o species_n or_o accidental_a variety_n of_o this_o kind_n their_o bill_n be_v short_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o their_o eye_n of_o a_o pearl-colour_n and_o the_o head_n as_o mr._n cope_n tell_v we_o in_o all_o white_a 7._o turbit_n of_o the_o meaning_n and_o original_n of_o which_o name_n i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v ignorant_a they_o have_v a_o very_a short_a thick_a bill_n like_o a_o bullfinch_n the_o crown_n of_o their_o head_n be_v flat_a and_o depress_v the_o feather_n on_o the_o breast_n reflect_v both_o way_n they_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o jacboine_n or_o a_o little_o big_a i_o take_v these_o to_o be_v the_o candy_n or_o indian_a dove_n of_o aldrovand_n tom_n 2._o pag._n 477._o 478_o the_o low_a dutch_a cortbeke_n 8._o barbary-pigeon_n perchance_o the_o candy-dove_n of_o aldrovand_n the_o bill_n be_v like_a that_o of_o the_o precedent_n a_o broad_a circle_n of_o naked_a tuberous_a white_a flesh_n compass_n the_o eye_n as_o in_o the_o carrier_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v white_a my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n philip_n skippon_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o i_o concern_v tame_a pigeon_n write_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v red_a perchance_o the_o colour_n may_v vary_v in_o several_a bird_n 9_o smiter_n i_o take_v these_o to_o be_v those_o which_o the_o forementioned_a hollander_n tell_v aldrovandus_n that_o his_o countryman_n call_v draiier_n these_o do_v not_o only_o shake_v their_o wing_n as_o they_o fly_v but_o also_o fly_v round_o about_o in_o a_o ring_n especial_o over_o their_o female_n clap_v they_o so_o strong_o that_o they_o make_v a_o great_a sound_n than_o two_o battledore_n or_o other_o board_n strike_v one_o against_o another_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o their_o quil-feather_n be_v almost_o always_o break_v and_o shatter_v and_o sometime_o so_o bad_a that_o they_o can_v fly_v our_o countryman_n distinguish_v between_o tumbler_n and_o smiter_n 10._o tumbler_n these_o be_v small_a and_o of_o divers_a colour_n they_o have_v strange_a motion_n turn_v themselves_o backward_o over_o their_o head_n and_o show_v like_o footbal_n in_o the_o air._n 11._o helmet_n in_o these_o the_o head_n tail_n and_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v always_o of_o one_o colour_n sometime_o white_a sometime_o black_a red_z yellow_a or_o blue_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n of_o another_o different_z from_o that_o whatever_o it_o be_v these_o be_v also_o call_v helm_n by_o the_o low_a dutch_a as_o aldrovandus_n write_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o forementioned_a dutchman_n 12._o light-horseman_n this_o be_v a_o bastard_n kind_n of_o one_o parent_n a_o cropper_n the_o other_o a_o carrier_n and_o so_o they_o partake_v of_o both_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o wattles_n of_o their_o bill_n and_o their_o swell_a throat_n they_o be_v the_o best_a breeder_n of_o all_o and_o will_v not_o light_o forsake_v any_o house_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v 13._o bastard-bill_n which_o name_n why_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o i_o know_v not_o unless_o perchance_o because_o their_o bill_n be_v neither_o long_a nor_o short_a so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a to_o what_o species_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v they_o be_v big_a than_o barbary_n have_v a_o short_a bill_n and_o red_a eye_n but_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n 14._o turner_n have_v a_o tuft_n hang_v down_o backward_o from_o their_o head_n part_v like_o a_o horse_n main_a 15._o finikin_n like_o the_o precedent_n but_o less_o 16._o mammet_n call_v as_o i_o take_v it_o from_o mahomet_n perchance_o because_o bring_v out_o of_o turkey_n notable_a for_o their_o great_a black_a eye_n else_o like_a to_o the_o barbary_n 17._o spot_n because_o they_o have_v each_o in_o their_o forehead_n above_o their_o bill_n a_o spot_n their_o tail_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o spot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v white_a the_o young_a pigeon_n never_o tread_v the_o female_n but_o they_o they_o bill_v they_o first_o and_o that_o as_o often_o as_o they_o tread_v they_o the_o elder_a dove_n bill_v only_o the_o first_o time_n the_o second_o they_o couple_n without_o bill_v aldrov_n ornithol_n tom_fw-mi 2._o pag._n 363._o the_o sex_n especial_o of_o the_o tame_a pigeon_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o their_o note_n or_o murmur_n
true_a cause_n of_o their_o so_o do_v to_o hinder_v their_o prospect_n any_o way_n but_o just_o forward_o to_o see_v where_o they_o be_v to_o pitch_v their_o stake_n or_o clap_v on_o their_o hand_n so_o at_o length_n not_o without_o extreme_a toil_n and_o danger_n they_o arrive_v at_o the_o nest_n which_o with_o that_o long_a pole_n or_o stake_n i_o mention_v they_o draw_v up_o out_o of_o the_o deep_a hole_n where_o it_o be_v place_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o they_o cherish_v and_o bring_v the_o young_a up_o at_o their_o own_o house_n and_o afterward_o either_o sell_v they_o dear_a or_o present_v they_o to_o gentleman_n and_o great_a person_n of_o their_o knowledge_n thus_o far_o seillerius_n i_o suspect_v that_o this_o very_a bird_n which_o gesner_n call_v blauvogel_n be_v the_o same_o which_o about_o chur_n in_o the_o grison_n country_n and_o elsewhere_o be_v call_v steirotele_fw-la or_o near_o akin_a to_o it_o 11._o bellonius_fw-la who_o think_v this_o bird_n to_o be_v the_o cyanus_n or_o as_o gaza_n translate_v it_o the_o caeruleus_fw-la of_o aristotle_n write_v thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n that_o bird_n which_o aristotle_n call_v cyanus_n pliny_n caeruleus_fw-la because_o it_o haunt_v among_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v like_o a_o blackbird_n be_v now_o by_o the_o grecian_n common_o call_v petrocoslypho_n that_o be_v the_o rock-ouzel_n it_o be_v lesser_a than_o a_o blackbird_n and_o blue_a all_o over_o keep_v in_o cage_n and_o high_o esteem_v for_o its_o sing_n it_o be_v voice_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o blackbird_n it_o have_v no_o french_a name_n because_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o france_n nor_o yet_o in_o italy_n unless_o bring_v thither_o in_o cage_n it_o be_v sometime_o take_v out_o of_o the_o nest_n to_o be_v teach_v so_o speak_v articulate_o 26_o in_o another_o place_n where_o he_o also_o treat_v profess_o of_o this_o bird_n add_v a_o figure_n of_o it_o although_o say_v he_o we_o call_v the_o bird_n by_o aristotle_n entitle_v cyanus_n by_o gaza_n render_v caeruleus_fw-la in_o french_a merle_n bleu_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o this_o as_o if_o it_o be_v know_v to_o france_n but_o because_o of_o the_o countryman_n of_o epidaurus_n who_o use_v divers_a idiom_n some_o who_o speak_v italian_a call_v it_o ousel_n merlo_n biavo_fw-la other_o who_o speak_z greek_z petrocossypho_n other_o who_o speak_v dalmatic_a call_v it_o simple_o merle_n keep_v in_o a_o cage_n it_o sing_v more_o sweet_o even_o than_o a_o blackbird_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o countryman_n of_o illyricum_n who_o live_v among_o the_o rock_n take_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nest_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o the_o city_n to_o sell_v it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o france_n unless_o bring_v in_o from_o abroad_o it_o build_v in_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n as_o we_o observe_v in_o candy_n citharaea_n corcyra_n zacynthus_n and_o euboea_n now_o common_o call_v negroponte_n aristotle_n also_o in_o the_o forequote_v place_n make_v mention_n of_o it_o say_v it_o be_v common_o see_v among_o the_o rock_n in_o scyros_n aristotle_n compose_v his_o history_n of_o animal_n at_o athens_n send_v abroad_o man_n through_o divers_a country_n to_o search_v out_o all_o kind_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o scyros_n the_o mountain_n be_v crag_v with_o many_o rock_n but_o to_o make_v a_o brief_a compendious_a description_n of_o this_o bird_n we_o need_v but_o imagine_v a_o small_a blackbird_n of_o a_o blue_a colour_n for_o just_a such_o a_o one_o be_v this_o bird_n it_o be_v full_a of_o tongue_n and_o seldom_o descend_v into_o the_o plain_a country_n it_o breed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n five_o young_a and_o never_o more_o it_o afford_v as_o good_a and_o better_a nourishment_n than_o a_o blackbird_n fly_v swift_a and_o use_v the_o same_o food_n all_o this_o out_o of_o bellonius_fw-la who_o aldrovandus_n pronounce_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o think_v this_o bird_n to_o be_v the_o cyanus_n of_o aristotle_n himself_o with_o gesner_n deem_v the_o cyanus_n of_o aristotle_n to_o be_v of_o the_o wood-pecker_n kind_n which_o how_o he_o prove_v see_v in_o this_o place_n turner_n conjecture_n the_o caeruleus_fw-la of_o aristotle_n to_o be_v that_o bird_n which_o be_v call_v in_o english_a a_o clot-bird_n a_o smatch_n a_o arling_n a_o stonecheck_n and_o in_o high_a dutch_a ein_fw-mi brechvogel_n this_o he_o say_v in_o england_n breed_v in_o coney-burrow_n and_o under_o stone_n and_o appear_v not_o in_o winter_n the_o english_a name_n and_o place_n of_o building_n argue_v turner_n to_o have_v mean_v the_o common_a oenanthe_n or_o white-tail_n which_o be_v a_o far_o different_a bird_n from_o the_o caeruleus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la for_o my_o part_n to_o speak_v free_o what_o i_o think_v i_o judge_v the_o blauvogel_n of_o gesner_n to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o bird_n with_o the_o solitary_a sparrow_n but_o the_o caeruleus_fw-la of_o bellonius_fw-la to_o be_v a_o bird_n specifical_o different_a and_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v alive_a though_o i_o have_v often_o see_v its_o picture_n §._o iv._o the_o indian_a mockbird_n caeruleus_fw-la indicus_n we_o see_v this_o bird_n dry_v in_o tradescant_n cabinet_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o common_a lark_n have_v a_o straight_a sharp_a bill_n a_o long_a tail_n and_o be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o blue_a colour_n upon_o second_o thought_n however_o tradescant_n may_v put_v the_o epithet_n of_o indian_a upon_o this_o bird_n i_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o caeruleus_fw-la or_o blue_a ousel_n of_o bellonius_fw-la describe_v in_o the_o precedent_a article_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o brasilian_n merula_n book_n 16._o chap._n 16._o bellonius_n figure_v this_o bird_n among_o the_o merulae_fw-la induce_v only_o by_o this_o reason_n that_o those_o who_o bring_v it_o out_o of_o brasil_n into_o europe_n call_v it_o the_o brasilian_n blackbird_n wherefore_o see_v he_o speak_v nothing_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o bird_n and_o it_o be_v alike_o unknown_a to_o i_o i_o also_o adjoyn_v it_o to_o the_o merulae_fw-la although_o in_o the_o shortness_n or_o rather_o crookedness_n of_o its_o bill_n it_o differ_v much_o from_o they_o those_o say_v bellonius_fw-la who_o trade_n in_o country_n new_o discover_v bring_v back_o thence_o such_o strange_a rarity_n as_o they_o think_v will_v sell_v dear_a with_o we_o here_o but_o because_o they_o can_v bring_v the_o bird_n themselves_o alive_a in_o cage_n therefore_o they_o flay_v off_o the_o skin_n of_o such_o as_o be_v more_o beautiful_a than_o the_o rest_n as_o this_o be_v and_o bring_v they_o over_o make_v a_o great_a gain_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o especial_o of_o this_o which_o they_o call_v the_o brasilian_n blackbird_n though_o in_o bigness_n it_o differ_v from_o a_o blackbird_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n except_o the_o tail_n and_o wing_n which_o be_v black_a be_v so_o deep_o perchance_o by_o the_o word_n intensè_fw-la he_o may_v mean_v bright_a a_o red_a that_o it_o exceed_v all_o other_o redness_n the_o tail_n be_v long_o the_o foot_n and_o leg_n black_a the_o bill_n short_a as_o in_o a_o sparrow_n the_o feather_n be_v red_a to_o the_o very_a bottom_n that_o which_o aldrovandus_n describe_v perchance_o from_o a_o picture_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n different_a from_o bellonius_fw-la his_o bird_n for_o say_v he_o the_o wing_n be_v not_o all_o over_o black_a but_o all_o the_o upper_a feather_n by_o the_o shoulder_n of_o a_o deep_a red_a next_o to_o they_o be_v some_o black_a one_o then_o red_a one_o again_o the_o subsequent_a viz._n all_o the_o great_a feather_n be_v black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o tail_n the_o bill_n also_o be_v not_o so_o short_a as_o in_o sparrow_n yet_o thick_a and_o remarkable_o crooked_a without_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n within_o yellow_a as_o i_o conjecture_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n rictû_v moreover_o the_o foot_n be_v not_o black_a but_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n only_o a_o little_a dusky_a be_v great_a for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o leg_n the_o claw_n short_a but_o crooked_a of_o the_o same_o colour_n we_o have_v see_v in_o tradescant_n cabinet_n a_o red_a indian_a bird_n dry_v of_o the_o bigness_n almost_o of_o a_o mavis_n have_v a_o long_a tail_n which_o perchance_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o bird_n in_o this_o article_n describe_v §._o vi_o *_o the_o rose_n or_o carnation-coloured_n ousel_n of_o aldrov_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 15._o this_o bird_n our_o fowler_n call_v the_o sea-starling_n it_o be_v see_v sometime_o in_o our_o field_n and_o be_v much_o among_o dungheap_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o ousel_n merula_n than_o starling_n for_o a_o starling_n be_v spot_v which_o this_o be_v not_o it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o a_o blackbird_n have_v its_o back_n breast_n and_o wing_n above_o of_o a_o rose_n
the_o history_n of_o bird_n contain_v such_o bird_n as_o we_o suspect_v for_o fabulous_a or_o such_o as_o be_v too_o brief_o and_o unaccurate_o describe_v to_o give_v we_o a_o full_a and_o sufficient_a knowledge_n of_o they_o take_v out_o of_o franc._n hernandez_n especial_o of_o the_o foolish_a sparrow_n this_o bird_n be_v deserve_o famous_a for_o its_o notable_a folly_n it_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o they_o that_o go_v to_o catch_v it_o but_o sit_v still_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confidence_n till_o they_o lay_v their_o hand_n upon_o it_o not_o offer_v to_o fly_v away_o but_o only_o seem_v to_o wonder_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v it_o be_v a_o seafowl_n and_o feed_v upon_o fish_n it_o have_v the_o cry_n of_o a_o jay_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o magpie_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o gull_n except_v that_o part_n of_o the_o forehead_n next_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v cinereous_a whole-footed_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o slender_a round_a and_o straight_o only_o a_o little_a crooked_a near_o the_o tip_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o whole-footed_n bird_n black_a its_o pupil_n be_v also_o black_a but_o the_o membrane_n about_o the_o pupil_n grey_a the_o tameness_n of_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o island_n cerne_n be_v well_o know_v and_o celebrate_v they_o alight_v upon_o the_o head_n and_o shoulder_n of_o the_o mariner_n that_o go_v ashore_o there_o as_o it_o be_v upon_o tree_n and_o suffer_v themselves_o without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v catch_v come_v ready_o to_o hand_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v day_n lay_v great_a eggs._n the_o bird_n call_v day_n be_v remarkable_a for_o the_o extraordinary_a and_o unusual_a nature_n or_o manner_n of_o its_o egg_n and_o young_a it_o be_v not_o big_a than_o a_o pigeon_n and_o tolerable_a good_a meat_n for_o its_o nest_n it_o scrape_v a_o hole_n with_o its_o foot_n and_o tail_n in_o sandy_a ground_n four_o span_n deep_a where_o when_o the_o rain_v fall_v it_o lay_v its_o egg_n which_o be_v big_a than_o goose-egg_n almost_o as_o broad_a as_o one_o fist_n call_v by_o the_o native_n tapun_v fifty_o or_o more_o in_o number_n be_v of_o a_o gross_a and_o fat_a substance_n without_o any_o yolk_n in_o they_o which_o roast_v or_o boil_v be_v good_a wholesome_a food_n but_o fry_v coarse_a tough_a bad_a and_o of_o hard_a concoction_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a more_o strange_a i_o dare_v say_v than_o true_a that_o so_o little_a a_o bird_n shall_v lay_v so_o great_a egg_n and_o so_o many_o together_o and_o in_o such_o deep_a vault_n under_o ground_n and_o that_o be_v there_o hide_v they_o shall_v be_v hatch_v without_o be_v ever_o sit_v upon_o or_o cherish_v by_o the_o old_a one_o and_o that_o the_o young_a once_o hatch_v shall_v of_o themselves_o present_o fly_v away_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v that_o this_o history_n be_v altogether_o false_a and_o fabulous_a for_o though_o some_o bird_n lay_v very_o great_a egg_n as_o for_o example_n puffin_n guillemot_n razor-bill_n etc._n etc._n some_o also_o build_v in_o hole_n under_o ground_n yet_o such_o lay_v but_o one_o egg_n not_o a_o great_a many_o before_o they_o sit_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o there_o be_v any_o bird_n in_o the_o world_n who_o egg_n want_v the_o white_a of_o the_o guitguit_fw-la that_o set_v upon_o raven_n a_o little_a body_n contain_v a_o great_a spirit_n and_o courage_n there_o be_v a_o very_a small_a bird_n guitguit_fw-la the_o indian_n call_v it_o like_o the_o wren_n of_o a_o green_a colour_n and_o sweet-tasted_n flesh_n such_o be_v the_o wonderful_a force_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o bird_n as_o little_a as_o it_o be_v and_o next_o to_o nothing_o dare_v set_v upon_o and_o pursue_v whole_a flock_n of_o raven_n and_o force_v they_o to_o hide_v themselves_o from_o it_o and_o to_o take_v shelter_n among_o the_o reed_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o story_n be_v feign_v in_o imitation_n of_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o wren_n viz._n that_o with_o great_a courage_n indeed_o fool-hardiness_n she_o dare_v enter_v combat_n with_o the_o eagle_n of_o the_o bird_n call_v maia_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o small_a bird_n especial_o in_o the_o island_n cuba_n that_o fly_v in_o flock_n and_o waste_v the_o field_n or_o plantation_n of_o rice_n which_o grain_n grow_v abundant_o and_o be_v of_o much_o use_n in_o those_o country_n call_v maia_n of_o a_o fulvous_a colour_n its_o flesh_n pleasant_a of_o easy_a concoction_n and_o yield_v a_o plentiful_a nourishment_n who_o stomach_n or_o rather_o craw_n and_o first_o receptacle_n of_o nourishment_n be_v on_o the_o back_n side_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o wonderful_a and_o singular_a thing_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o another_o instance_n in_o nature_n of_o the_o yayauhquitotl_n or_o long-tailed_a bird._n there_o proceed_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n or_o rump_n of_o this_o bird_n two_o feather_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n below_z naked_a without_o any_o lateral_a hair-like_a body_n adorn_v at_o the_o tip_n with_o blue_a and_o black_a vane_n the_o body_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o stare_v particoloured_a of_o blue_a green_a fulvous_a and_o grey_a perchance_o this_o may_v be_v the_o same_o bird_n which_o marggrave_n have_v accurate_o describe_v under_o the_o title_n of_o guira-guainumbi_a of_o another_o sort_n of_o xochitenacatl_n that_o be_v the_o toucan_n or_o brasilian_n pie_n this_o bird_n breed_v and_o feed_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o southern_a america_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pigeon_n with_o a_o thick_a sharp-pointed_a black_a bill_n black_a eye_n and_o a_o yellow_a iris._n the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a a_o black_a list_n reach_v from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o breast_n yet_o be_v there_o some_o yellow_a about_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n general_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n except_v the_o foot_n and_o leg_n which_o be_v brown_a and_o the_o claw_n which_o from_o white_a incline_v somewhat_o to_o a_o pale_a yellow_a it_o live_v about_o flower_a tree_n feed_v upon_o the_o honey_n it_o suck_v out_o of_o their_o flower_n it_o breed_v its_o young_a in_o the_o spring_n and_o be_v much_o esteem_v by_o the_o tototepecenses_n in_o who_o country_n it_o be_v very_o frequent_a of_o the_o bird_n call_v momot_n this_o abide_v and_o delight_n in_o hot_a country_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dove_n have_v scarlet-coloured_n eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n a_o crooked_a blackish_a bill_n almost_o three_o inch_n long_o sharp-pointed_a the_o nether_a chap_n short_a the_o upper_a serrate_n a_o blue_a head_n like_o a_o peacock_n brown_a foot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n green_fw-mi what_o be_v rare_a and_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o bird_n be_v that_o it_o have_v in_o its_o tail_n one_o quill_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o be_v feather_v only_o at_o the_o end_n this_n be_v i_o dare_v say_v more_o strange_a than_o true_a for_o the_o tail_n of_o all_o bird_n i_o ever_o yet_o see_v have_v their_o feather_n grow_v by_o pair_n that_o be_v two_o of_o a_o sort_n on_o each_o side_n one_o and_o that_o so_o beautiful_a a_o bird_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o for_o its_o feather_n of_o the_o verminous_a bird_n or_o tuputa_n this_o bird_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o strange_a nature_n as_o we_o gather_v from_o its_o note_n from_o which_o it_o take_v its_o name_n tuputa_n but_o it_o be_v and_o deserve_o more_o famous_a for_o its_o singular_a putrefaction_n for_o while_o it_o be_v live_v it_o be_v whole_o stuff_v with_o worm_n instead_o of_o flesh_n all_o its_o member_n and_o muscle_n be_v full_a of_o they_o nothing_o of_o flesh_n beside_o these_o and_o the_o skin_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o eat_v or_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o skin_n which_o be_v adorn_v with_o thick-set_a feather_n it_o abide_v among_o sedge_n and_o in_o grassy_a place_n for_o shape_n of_o body_n it_o be_v like_o a_o pheasant_n but_o lesser_a what_o be_v here_o deliver_v concern_v this_o bird_n if_o understand_v general_o of_o all_o the_o individual_n of_o this_o sort_n we_o be_v so_o confident_a to_o be_v false_a that_o we_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o spend_v time_n in_o the_o confute_v of_o it_o this_o however_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o signify_v to_o the_o reader_n lest_o he_o shall_v imagine_v we_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o the_o story_n of_o the_o mozambick_a hen_n the_o feather_n flesh_n and_o bone_n of_o these_o hen_n be_v so_o black_a that_o be_v boil_v one_o will_v think_v they_o have_v be_v sodden_a in_o ink_n yet_o be_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o savoury_a and_o far_o better_a than_o those_o of_o other_o hen_n
these_o bird_n they_o say_v be_v able_a to_o kill_v and_o eat_v up_o a_o cow_n neither_o do_v they_o abstain_v from_o man_n there_o be_v but_o few_o of_o they_o be_v there_o many_o they_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o cattle_n in_o peru._n they_o report_v that_o there_o be_v four_o distinct_a kind_n hereof_o find_v in_o the_o island_n marignan_n de_fw-fr laet._n hist_n ind._n occident_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 13._o and_o lerius_fw-la in_o hist_n brasil_n bird_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n keep_v tame_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o climate_n same_o or_o country_n in_o which_o they_o live_v the_o food_n which_o they_o use_v and_o other_o accident_n vary_v much_o in_o their_o colour_n magnitude_n taste_v of_o their_o flesh_n and_o perchance_o also_o figure_n of_o their_o body_n wild_a fowl_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v much_o what_o of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n and_o constant_a to_o their_o colour_n for_o the_o most_o part_n i_o say_v this_o hold_v true_a in_o wild_a bird_n yet_o some_o few_o there_o be_v of_o these_o that_o vary_v much_o in_o their_o colour_n as_o for_o example_n russes_z of_o which_o it_o be_v report_v there_o can_v be_v find_v two_o alike_o and_o the_o scaup-duck_n the_o nail_n or_o claw_n hair_n horns_z and_o the_o like_a say_v aristotle_n in_o beast_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o skin_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o change_v colour_n together_o with_o the_o skin_n be_v white_a or_o black_a or_o particoloured_a etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o skin_n out_o of_o which_o they_o grow_v but_o the_o matter_n be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o bird_n of_o all_o sort_n for_o of_o what_o colour_n soever_o the_o feather_n be_v the_o skin_n underneath_o out_o of_o which_o they_o grow_v be_v but_o of_o one_o colour_n moreover_o one_o and_o the_o same_o feather_n be_v sometime_o stain_v with_o divers_a colour_n and_o in_o a_o wonderful_a order_n dr._n harvey_n of_o bird_n some_o be_v gregarious_a that_o be_v live_v and_o fly_v together_o in_o company_n or_o slock_n etc._n as_o for_o example_n pigeon_n rook_n stare_v etc._n etc._n other_o in_o couple_v and_o breed_v time_n fly_v by_o pair_n the_o male_a and_o his_o female_n after_o they_o have_v hatch_v they_o company_n with_o their_o brood_n till_o their_o young_a be_v grow_v up_o and_o can_v shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o then_o they_o beat_v they_o away_o some_o bird_n live_v a_o conjugal_a life_n one_o cock_n and_o one_o hen_n pair_v together_o and_o life_n both_o concur_v and_o assist_v each_o other_o in_o sit_v and_o feed_v their_o young_a of_o this_o sort_n be_v partridge_n and_o other_o bird_n of_o the_o poultry_n kind_n pigeon_n of_o which_o the_o cock_n take_v his_o turn_n of_o sit_v build_v the_o nest_n and_o feed_v the_o young_a in_o those_o that_o pair_n there_o be_v always_o more_o males_n than_o female_n breed_v but_o in_o such_o whereof_o one_o male_a suffice_v for_o many_o female_n more_o female_n than_o males_n most_o bird_n while_o they_o sleep_v turn_v their_o head_n backward_o and_o put_v it_o under_o their_o wing_n bird_n and_o also_o stand_v upon_o one_o foot_n the_o other_o be_v draw_v up_o to_o keep_v it_o warm_v as_o i_o suppose_v among_o the_o feather_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n that_o there_o be_v in_o animal_n those_o they_o call_v natural_a instinct_n the_o manner_n of_o build_v their_o nest_n in_o bird_n be_v alone_o sufficient_a to_o evince_v for_o whereas_o those_o of_o the_o same_o species_n in_o country_n most_o remote_a and_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o do_v make_v their_o nest_n always_o of_o the_o same_o material_n and_o constant_o observe_v the_o same_o shape_n or_o form_n of_o they_o as_o if_o they_o make_v they_o by_o the_o same_o pattern_n they_o must_v necessary_o either_o learn_v so_o to_o do_v by_o institution_n or_o imitation_n of_o their_o parent_n or_o else_o have_v the_o knowledge_n or_o ability_n so_o to_o do_v by_o natural_a instinct_n but_o neither_o by_o institution_n for_o who_o ever_o see_v the_o old_a or_o the_o young_a teach_n or_o learn_v of_o one_o another_o nor_o by_o imitation_n for_o the_o young_a forsake_v the_o nest_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v fledge_v when_o as_o they_o be_v very_o simple_a and_o witless_a and_o neither_o regard_n nor_o heed_n almost_o any_o thing_n but_o their_o food_n and_o themselves_o next_o spring_n building_n they_o can_v neither_o see_v their_o parent_n make_v their_o nest_n nor_o any_o other_o bird_n of_o their_o kind_n who_o they_o may_v imitate_v it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o they_o act_n by_o instinct_n and_o here_o we_o can_v but_o admire_v with_o harvey_n some_o of_o these_o natural_a instinct_n in_o bird_n bird_n viz._n that_o almost_o all_o hen-bird_n shall_v with_o such_o diligence_n and_o patience_n sit_v upon_o their_o nest_n night_n and_o day_n for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o macerate_v and_o almost_o starve_v themselves_o to_o death_n that_o they_o shall_v expose_v themselves_o to_o such_o danger_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o egg_n and_o if_o be_v constrain_v they_o sometime_o leave_v they_o a_o little_a while_n with_o such_o earnestness_n hasten_v back_o again_o to_o they_o and_o cover_v they_o duck_n and_o goose_n while_o they_o be_v absent_a for_o a_o little_a while_n diligent_o young_a cover_v up_o their_o egg_n with_o straw_n with_o what_o courage_n and_o magnanimity_n do_v even_o the_o most_o cowardly_a bird_n defend_v their_o egg_n which_o sometime_o be_v subventaneous_a and_o addle_n or_o not_o their_o own_o or_o even_o artificial_a one_o stupendous_a in_o truth_n be_v the_o love_n of_o bird_n to_o a_o dull_a and_o liveless_a egg_n and_o which_o be_v not_o likely_a with_o the_o least_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n to_o recompense_v so_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n who_o can_v but_o admire_v that_o passionate_a affection_n or_o rather_o fury_n of_o a_o clock_a hen_n which_o can_v be_v extinguish_v unless_o she_o be_v drench_v in_o cold_a water_n during_o this_o impetus_fw-la of_o mind_n she_o neglect_v all_o thing_n and_o as_o if_o she_o be_v in_o a_o frenzy_n let_v down_o her_o wing_n and_o bristle_n up_o her_o feather_n and_o walk_v up_o and_o down_o restless_a and_o querulous_a put_v other_o hen_n off_o their_o nest_n search_v every_o where_o for_o egg_n to_o sit_v upon_o neither_o do_v she_o give_v over_o till_o she_o have_v either_o find_v egg_n to_o sit_v or_o chicken_n to_o bring_v up_o which_o she_o do_v with_o wonderful_a zeal_n and_o passion_n call_v together_o cherish_v feed_v and_o defend_v what_o a_o pretty_a ridiculous_a spectacle_n be_v it_o to_o see_v a_o hen_n follow_v a_o bastard_n brood_n of_o young_a duckling_n which_o she_o have_v hatch_v for_o she_o own_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n how_o she_o often_o compass_n the_o place_n sometime_o venture_v in_o not_o without_o danger_n as_o far_o as_o she_o can_v wade_v and_o call_v upon_o they_o use_v all_o her_o art_n and_o industry_n to_o allure_v they_o to_o she_o all_o bird_n in_o couple_v and_o breed_v time_n be_v most_o loquacious_a and_o canorous_a bird_n grow_v much_o fast_o and_o soon_o attain_v their_o just_a magnitude_n than_o quadrupe_v quadrupeds_o those_o that_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o old_a one_o with_o meat_n put_v into_o their_o mouth_n in_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n space_n almost_o all_o of_o they_o and_o some_o in_o much_o less_o time_n become_v fit_a to_o fly_v and_o attain_v to_o very_a near_o the_o measure_n of_o bigness_n due_a to_o their_o kind_n all_o of_o they_o in_o six_o month_n come_v to_o their_o full_a growth_n and_o perfection_n neither_o yet_o be_v this_o in_o they_o as_o in_o quadruped_n a_o sign_n of_o short_a life_n many_o bird_n be_v very_o ingenious_a and_o docile_a as_o may_v appear_v from_o that_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o ingenious_a teach_v to_o imitate_v man_n voice_n and_o speak_v articulate_o which_o no_o quadrupe_v for_o aught_o i_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v can_v ever_o be_v bring_v to_o though_o their_o organ_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o fit_a for_o that_o purpose_n as_o be_v much_o more_o conformable_a to_o man_n chap._n vi_o contain_v some_o particular_n which_o mr._n willughby_n propound_v to_o himself_o to_o inquire_v out_o observe_v and_o experiment_n in_o bird_n 1._o whither_o rapacious_a diurnal_a bird_n only_o have_v the_o upper_a chap_n of_o their_o bill_n cover_v as_o far_o as_o the_o nostril_n with_o a_o naked_a skin_n which_o our_o falconer_n call_v the_o sear_n 2._o whether_o the_o parrot_n only_o move_v the_o upper_a chap_n as_o aldrovandus_n affirm_v and_o whether_o the_o cross-bill_n which_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n make_v use_n of_o her_o bill_n for_o climb_v and_o some_o other_o bird_n do_v not_o so_o too_o 3._o whether_o any_o bird_n change_v their_o bill_n and_o claw_n as_o be_v
but_o small_a the_o gut_n have_v many_o revolution_n the_o blind_v no_o more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o scarce_o any_o foot-step_n to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o *_o ductus_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la channel_n convey_v the_o yolk_n to_o the_o gut_n this_o bird_n delight_v to_o feed_v upon_o carrion_n that_o be_v the_o carcase_n of_o dead_a animal_n food_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o putrefy_v neither_o do_v it_o feed_v only_o upon_o carrion_n but_o also_o set_v upon_o kill_z and_o devour_v live_a bird_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o raven_n moreover_o it_o eat_v grain_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o infect_v in_o england_n at_o least_o for_o beyond_o sea_n they_o say_v it_o meddle_v with_o no_o kind_n of_o grain_n this_o kind_n of_o bird_n abound_v with_o we_o in_o britain_n as_o cardan_n and_o turner_n true_o observe_v place_n because_o here_o be_v plenty_n of_o food_n for_o they_o they_o build_v upon_o high_a tree_n and_o lay_v four_o or_o build_v five_o egg_n at_o a_o time_n like_o raven_n but_o less_o they_o be_v very_o noisome_a to_o lamb_n new-yeaned_n if_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o feeble_a first_o pick_v out_o their_o eye_n they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o very_a sagacious_a send_v so_o that_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o shoot_v they_o they_o smell_v the_o gunpowder_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n raven_n crow_n etc._n etc._n roost_n as_o they_o say_v upon_o tree_n with_o their_o bill_n direct_v towards_o the_o sunrising_n that_o the_o crow_n itself_o say_v aldrovandus_n be_v capable_a of_o humane_a speech_n and_o have_v speak_v be_v teach_v to_o pronounce_v several_a word_n both_o we_o ourselves_o do_v certain_o know_v and_o pliny_n a_o witness_n beyond_o exception_n testify_v write_v thus_o there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n while_o i_o be_v record_v these_o thing_n a_o crow_n belong_v to_o a_o roman_a gentleman_n bring_v out_o of_o baetica_n first_o admirable_a for_o its_o colour_n which_o be_v exceed_v black_a then_o pronounce_v many_o word_n in_o connexion_n and_o still_o learning_n more_o and_o more_o as_o for_o its_o pace_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o those_o bird_n which_o neither_o run_v nor_o leap_v but_o walk_v aldrovandus_n the_o female_n only_o sit_v and_o that_o diligent_o the_o male_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n bring_v they_o hatch_v food_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o most_o other_o bird_n which_o pair_n together_o the_o male_a and_o female_a sit_v by_o turn_n they_o do_v not_o say_v aldrovandus_n as_o i_o hear_v feed_v their_o young_a till_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v feather_v the_o same_o also_o be_v report_v of_o raven_n and_o many_o other_o bird_n that_o be_v much_o on_o the_o wing_n you_o will_v say_v wherewithal_o be_v they_o nourish_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o how_o do_v they_o grow_v i_o answer_v with_o the_o yolk_n of_o the_o egg_n remain_v in_o the_o belly_n after_o exclusion_n for_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o yolk_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o belly_n in_o bird_n new_o hatch_v which_o be_v by_o degree_n convey_v into_o the_o gut_n by_o a_o certain_a passage_n call_v by_o we_o ductus_fw-la intestinalis_fw-la serve_v to_o nourish_v the_o young_a new_o exclude_v §._o iii_o cornix_n frugivora_fw-la seu_fw-la frugilega_fw-la the_o rook._n it_o weigh_v nineteen_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o measure_n tail_n be_v twenty_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n eighteen_o the_o breadth_n or_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v thirty_o eight_o inch_n it_o have_v no_o craw_n but_o instead_o thereof_o the_o gullet_n below_o the_o bill_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o bag_n wherein_o it_o bring_v meat_n to_o feed_v its_o young_a in_o the_o old_a one_o of_o this_o sort_n the_o feather_n about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n bill_n be_v wear_v off_o by_o often_o thrust_v the_o bill_n into_o the_o ground_n to_o fetch_v out_o earthworm_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o flesh_n thereabouts_o be_v bare_a and_o appear_v of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n by_o which_o note_n this_o bird_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a crow_n howbeit_o the_o bill_n itself_o be_v not_o white_a as_o bellonius_fw-la write_v and_o other_o believe_v it_o differ_v also_o from_o the_o crow_n crow_n 2._o in_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o big_a 3._o in_o the_o purple_a splendour_n or_o gloss_n of_o its_o feather_n 4._o in_o that_o it_o be_v gregarious_a both_o fly_a and_o breed_n in_o company_n the_o number_n of_o beam-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v twenty_o of_o which_o the_o four_o be_v the_o tail_n long_a be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o shaft_n of_o the_o middle_a wing-feather_n end_v in_o bristle_n or_o spine_n the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o exterior_a whereof_o be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o middle_a one_o the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a toe_n the_o nostril_n round_o the_o tongue_n black_a horny_a and_o cleave_v at_o the_o end_n the_o hind-toe_n have_v a_o large_a strong_a claw_n the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n be_v join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a as_o in_o the_o crow_n it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n short_a blind-gut_n like_o the_o crow_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o stomach_n food_n be_v great_a and_o musculous_a as_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n the_o gut_n wide_a and_o various_o reflect_v they_o be_v most_o greedy_a of_o corn_n yet_o feed_v also_o upon_o earthworm_n and_o other_o infect_v refrain_v from_o garbage_n and_o carrion_n they_o build_v many_o together_o upon_o high_a tree_n about_o gentleman_n house_n who_o be_v breed_n much_o delight_v with_o the_o noise_n they_o make_v in_o breed_v time_n both_o cock_n and_o hen_n sit_v by_o turn_n their_o egg_n be_v like_o crow_n but_o lesser_a spot_v with_o great_a spot_n especial_o eggs._n about_o the_o blunt_a end_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o worthy_a gentleman_n of_o sussex_n who_o himself_o observe_v it_o that_o when_o rook_n build_v one_o of_o the_o pair_n always_o sit_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o nest_n till_o it_o be_v finish_v whilst_o the_o other_o go_v about_o to_o fetch_v material_n else_o if_o both_o go_v and_o leave_v the_o nest_n unfinished_a as_o sometime_o they_o venture_v to_o do_v their_o fellow-rook_n ere_o they_o return_v again_o will_v have_v robe_v and_o carry_v away_o to_o their_o several_a nest_n all_o their_o stick_n and_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v get_v together_o hence_o perhaps_o the_o word_n rook_v with_o we_o be_v use_v for_o cheat_v or_o abuse_v these_o bird_n be_v noisome_a to_o corn_n and_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o husbandman_n be_v force_v away_o to_o employ_v child_n with_o hoot_v and_o cracker_n and_o rattle_v of_o metal_n and_o final_o with_o throw_v of_o stone_n to_o scare_v they_o away_o such_o as_o have_v no_o servant_n or_o child_n to_o spare_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n make_v use_n of_o other_o device_n either_o of_o mill_n make_v with_o sail_n to_o be_v turn_v by_o the_o wind_n make_v a_o continual_a snap_v as_o they_o turn_v wherewith_o they_o fright_v the_o bird_n or_o of_o bugbears_a or_o as_o we_o call_v they_o scare-crow_n place_v up_o and_o down_o the_o field_n and_o dress_v up_o in_o a_o country_n habit_n which_o the_o bird_n take_v for_o country_n man_n dare_v not_o come_v near_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o stand_v i_o be_v also_o tell_v by_o the_o forementioned_a gentleman_n that_o if_o rook_n infest_v your_o corn_n they_o will_v be_v more_o terrify_v by_o take_v a_o rook_n and_o pluck_v it_o limb_n from_o limb_n in_o their_o sight_n and_o then_o cast_v the_o several_a limb_n about_o your_o field_n than_o if_o you_o hang_v up_o half_a a_o dozen_o dead_a rook_n in_o it_o §._o iv._o the_o royston_n crow_n cornix_n cinerea_fw-la frugilega_fw-la that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v about_o twenty_o two_o ounce_n its_o measure_n be_v from_o measure_n the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n twenty_o two_o inch_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a between_o the_o wing_n extend_v three_o foot_n and_o three_o inch_n the_o bill_n long_o strong_a smooth_a black_a but_o have_v the_o tip_n whitish_a the_o upper_a chap_n nostril_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o low_a and_o a_o little_a bow_v or_o crooked_a the_o nostril_n round_o cover_v with_o bristly_a hair_n the_o tongue_n broad_a black_a a_o little_a cleave_a and_o rough_a on_o tongue_n the_o side_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o cinereous_a hazel_n colour_n eye_n the_o head_n wing_n and_o throat_n as_o far_o as_o
be_v equal_a and_o from_o the_o ten_o all_o the_o rest_n almost_o all_o of_o they_o have_v their_o low_a half_a blue_a and_o the_o upper_a black_a the_o foremost_a be_v black_a almost_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n only_o in_o their_o exterior_a web_n they_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o blue_a the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a blue_a of_o which_o colour_n also_o but_o pale_a be_v those_o that_o invest_v the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o ten_o intermediate_v be_v equal_a each_o tail_n being_n four_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o the_o two_o extreme_a long_o than_o the_o rest_n by_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o next_o to_o they_o have_v their_o tip_n of_o a_o bluish_a white_a which_o colour_n gradual_o increase_v in_o the_o rest_n till_o in_o the_o outmost_a it_o take_v up_o half_a the_o feather_n below_o the_o white_a the_o interior_a web_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v black_a and_o the_o exterior_a blue_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail-feather_n and_o sail_n of_o the_o wing_n where_o ever_o they_o be_v blackish_a above_o be_v blue_a underneath_o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o bastard-wing_n ala_fw-la notha_fw-la be_v black_a the_o rest_n blue_a the_o foot_n be_v short_a and_o like_o those_o of_o a_o dove_n of_o a_o dirty_a yellow_a colour_n the_o claw_n middle_a toe_n the_o long_a next_o to_o that_o the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n the_o claw_n of_o the_o middle_a toe_n in_o the_o inner_a side_n be_v edge_v the_o claw_n be_v black_a and_o the_o toe_n divide_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o stomach_n within_o be_v of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n and_o therein_o we_o find_v a_o large_a grass-hopper_n gut_n the_o gut_n thirteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o blind_a gut_n two_o and_o a_o half_a we_o find_v of_o these_o bird_n not_o only_o in_o germany_n but_o also_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o sicily_n and_o place_n malta_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n there_o be_v many_o singular_a and_o characteristic_a mark_n in_o this_o bird_n as_o 1._o the_o knob_n or_o wart-like_a bunch_n under_o the_o eye_n 2._o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n 3._o the_o toe_n divide_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n 4._o the_o tongue_n have_v only_o two_o fork_a appendix_n *_o gesner_n blue_a crow_n the_o same_o i_o suspect_v with_o the_o precedent_n the_o blue_a crow_n who_o figure_n jo._n kentmannus_fw-la send_v to_o gesner_n but_o the_o history_n thereof_o george_n fabricius_n out_o of_o misnia_n be_v a_o wild_a bird_n and_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v tame_v call_v by_o the_o misnian_o crow_n ein_fw-mi wild_a holtzkrae_fw-mi of_o other_o galgen-regell_a or_o halck-regel_a it_o be_v find_v beyond_o the_o river_n elb_n in_o the_o luchovian_a forest_n and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n it_o haunt_v and_o abide_v in_o desert_n and_o unfrequented_a place_n some_o from_o the_o colour_n call_v it_o ein_fw-mi tentschen_n pappagey_n that_o be_v the_o german_a parrot_n it_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n for_o no_o other_o commendation_n but_o the_o colour_n so_o far_o george_n fabricius_n the_o bill_n as_o the_o picture_n show_v be_v black_a the_o leg_n dusky_a and_o for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n small_a it_o be_v here_o and_o there_o all_o over_o the_o body_n viz._n on_o the_o head_n wing_n tail_n about_o the_o rump_n and_o all_o the_o underside_n of_o a_o shine_a blue_a colour_n in_o some_o place_n more_o sincere_a in_o some_o mix_v with_o green_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v dusky_a the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a i_o be_o very_o persuade_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o strasburgh_n roller_n §._o v._o *_o the_o sea-pie_n pica_n marina_n aldrovandus_n in_o the_o twelve_o book_n and_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o ornithology_n do_v thus_o brief_o describe_v this_o bird_n the_o whole_a bird_n except_v the_o head_n neck_n foot_n and_o also_o part_v of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n the_o bill_n be_v strong_a a_o little_a long_o than_o a_o pie_n very_o sharp_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o down_o as_o low_a as_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v of_o a_o delay_a chesnut_n colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o temple_n and_o eye_n yellow_a the_o eye_n black_a with_o yellow_a irides_fw-la encompass_v again_o with_o a_o black_a circle_n the_o foot_n dusky_a the_o toe_n long_o the_o nail_n very_o crooked_a and_o black_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n green_a except_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dilute_a chesnut_n have_v their_o end_n blue_a whether_o he_o himself_o see_v this_o bird_n or_o describe_v it_o from_o a_o picture_n he_o tell_v we_o not_o but_o in_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o strasburg_n roller_n never_o live_v in_o maritime_a place_n and_o so_o without_o reason_n challenge_v the_o name_n of_o the_o sea-pie_n which_o the_o bolognese_n as_o gesner_n witness_v attribute_v to_o it_o he_o be_v without_o doubt_n deceive_v sith_o we_o ourselves_o as_o we_o say_v before_o see_v at_o messina_n in_o sicily_n and_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n several_a of_o they_o §._o vi_o *_o the_o persian_a pie._n aldrovandus_n the_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n call_v by_o this_o name_n and_o describe_v from_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o venice_n have_v a_o strong_a thick_a short_a whitish_a bill_n also_o white_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n the_o rump_n and_o foremost_a feather_n in_o the_o tail_n be_v yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v bluish_a with_o black_a tabulary_a scale_n the_o claw_n small_a but_o crooked_a and_o black_a else_o it_o be_v all_o over_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n beside_o these_o dr._n charleton_n in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la zoicon_fw-la p._n 68_o mention_n another_o sort_n of_o pie_n viz._n judicus_fw-la the_o indian_a mock-bird_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o jay_n but_o somewhat_o small_a we_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o see_v this_o bird_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n write_v of_o it_o by_o other_o that_o we_o know_v of_o §._o vii_o caryocatacte_n gesn_a and_o turn_v it_o weigh_v five_o ounce_n three_o quarter_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v thirteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o same_o the_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o black_a strong_a and_o like_o that_o of_o a_o pie_n save_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sharp_a point_v but_o blunt_a at_o the_o end_n and_o the_o upper_a mandible_a a_o little_a prominent_a the_o tongue_n be_v short_a scarce_o reach_v beyond_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o low_a mandible_a cleave_v with_o a_o deep_a incision_n than_o in_o any_o other_o bird_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o low_a chap_n from_o the_o angle_n be_v a_o wrinkle_n exact_o equal_a to_o the_o fissure_n or_o cleave_v of_o the_o tongue_n so_o that_o the_o tongue_n seem_v never_o to_o extend_v further_o the_o wrinkle_n fill_v up_o the_o fissure_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o palate_n and_o side_n of_o the_o fissure_v therein_o be_v rough_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o nostril_n round_o and_o cover_v with_o whitish_a bristly_a reflect_a feather_n the_o whole_a body_n as_o well_o low_o as_o upper_a side_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a red_a all_o over_o except_o the_o head_n beautify_v with_o triangular_a white_a spot_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o feather_n these_o spot_n on_o the_o breast_n be_v great_a than_o elsewhere_o the_o head_n be_v not_o spot_v at_o all_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n partake_v more_o of_o red_a between_o the_o eye_n and_o bill_n it_o be_v white_a the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n beyond_o the_o vent_n be_v milkwhite_a the_o sail_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o of_o a_o black_a or_o dark_a colour_n the_o tail-feather_n twelve_o all_o of_o equal_a length_n be_v by_o measure_n four_o inch_n three_o quarter_n except_o the_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n which_o be_v a_o little_o short_a and_o for_o their_o colour_n the_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n be_v three_o quarter_n white_a and_o from_o they_o the_o white_a part_n be_v gradual_o less_o and_o less_o in_o the_o succeed_a feather_n to_o the_o middlemost_a in_o which_o it_o do_v whole_o disappear_v the_o
that_o we_o know_v 8._o to_o lay_v white_a eggs._n whether_o all_o these_o mark_n agree_v to_o those_o american_n bird_n which_o we_o have_v rank_v under_o this_o head_n we_o know_v not_o we_o have_v refer_v they_o to_o this_o kind_n for_o the_o like_a disposition_n of_o their_o toe_n two_o forward_a two_o backward_o especial_o see_v they_o belong_v neither_o to_o parrot_n nor_o owl_n albertus_n write_v that_o all_o woodspite_n build_v in_o the_o hollow_n of_o tree_n which_o before_o he_o pliny_n also_o have_v record_v they_o themselves_o be_v say_v to_o hew_v out_o for_o themselves_o a_o place_n to_o build_v in_o make_v such_o a_o artificial_a hole_n so_o exact_o round_a that_o the_o most_o skilful_a and_o experience_a geometrician_n can_v not_o with_o his_o compass_n make_v a_o round_a they_o hatch_v and_o bring_v up_o six_o or_o seven_o young_a at_o once_o the_o egg_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o they_o that_o we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v be_v white_a the_o woodspite_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o strike_v or_o pierce_v of_o tree_n the_o latin_a name_n picus_n some_o think_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o french_a and_o italian_a word_n becco_n signify_v a_o bill_n or_o beak_n of_o a_o bird_n aldrovandus_n think_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o deduce_v from_o the_o flemish_a word_n picken_n signify_v to_o strike_v or_o knock_v with_o the_o bill_n the_o word_n pick_v with_o we_o be_v various_o apply_v but_o original_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o in_o flemish_a viz._n either_o to_o strike_v with_o the_o bill_n or_o gather_v up_o with_o the_o bill_n hence_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n these_o bird_n be_v call_v pickatree_n a_o word_n exact_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o woodpecker_n will_v learn_v to_o speak_v i_o can_v hardly_o be_v persuade_v though_o albertus_n magnus_n and_o scaliger_n affirm_v it_o the_o woodpecker_n be_v not_o only_o by_o the_o ancient_a latin_n call_v pluviae_fw-la avis_fw-fr the_o rainsowl_n but_o be_v so_o also_o by_o our_o country_n man_n now_o adays_o because_o by_o its_o voice_n more_o loud_a and_o frequent_a than_o usual_a it_o be_v think_v to_o presage_v rain_n chap._n v._o of_o several_a sort_n of_o woodpecker_n §._o i._o the_o great_a black_a woodpecker_n the_o cock_n which_o we_o describe_v weigh_v ten_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v in_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n eighteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n spread_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a strong_a hard_a triangular_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n above_o the_o nostril_n a_o hard_a wrinkle_n be_v produce_v beyond_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bill_n that_o part_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v below_o the_o wrinkle_n be_v white_a the_o rest_n black_a the_o tongue_n when_o extend_v be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n it_o can_v shoot_v it_o out_o and_o draw_v it_o back_o at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n its_o nostril_n be_v round_o cover_v with_o reflect_a hair_n its_o head_n very_o great_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v black_a except_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n which_o down_o to_o the_o nostril_n be_v of_o a_o lovely_a red_a or_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o number_n of_o flag-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v nineteen_o of_o which_o the_o five_o and_o six_o be_v the_o long_a the_o sarcel_n or_o pinion_n feather_n be_v very_o short_a and_o not_o great_a than_o those_o of_o the_o second_o row_n the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o outmost_a be_v the_o short_a the_o rest_n on_o both_o side_n gradual_o long_a to_o the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o all_o but_o the_o outmost_a which_o as_o we_o say_v be_v the_o least_o and_o short_a be_v stiff_a sharp-pointed_a bend_v inward_a about_o seven_o inch_n long_o upon_o which_o in_o climb_v tree_n they_o lean_a and_o support_v their_o body_n the_o leg_n on_o the_o forepart_n be_v feather_v down_o half_a way_n behind_o no_o long_a than_o the_o knee_n the_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o lead_n colour_n it_o have_v two_o back_n toe_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o kind_n the_o claw_n strong_a and_o great_a except_o that_o of_o the_o lesser_a back-toe_n which_o be_v very_o small_a the_o gall_n of_o a_o dark_a green_a the_o testicle_n yellowish_a the_o gut_n seventeen_o inch_n long_o great_a and_o lax_n the_o stomach_n also_o lax_n and_o membranaceous_a full_a of_o hexapod_n and_o ants._n it_o altogether_o want_v the_o appendix_n or_o blind_a gut_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o tribe_n this_o bird_n we_o find_v in_o the_o market_n at_o ratisbone_n in_o germany_n to_o be_v sell_v kill_v not_o far_o from_o that_o city_n it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o england_n that_o we_o know_v of_o §._o ii_o the_o green_a woodpecker_n or_o woodspite_n call_v also_o the_o rain-fowl_n high-hoe_a and_o hew-hole_n the_o cock_n weigh_v six_o ounce_n three_o quarter_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o toe_n be_v eleven_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirteen_o and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n extend_v be_v equal_a to_o twenty_o one_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v almost_o two_o inch_n long_o black_a hard_a strong_a triangular_a end_v in_o a_o blunt_a point_n a_o red_a dusky_a circle_n immediate_o encompass_n the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o iris_n be_v white_a the_o tongue_n when_o stretch_v out_o be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n end_v in_o a_o sharp_a bony_a substance_n rough_a underneath_o wherewith_o as_o with_o a_o dart_n it_o strike_v infect_v the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o crimson_a or_o vermilion_a colour_n spot_v with_o black_a the_o eye_n be_v encompass_v with_o black_a under_o the_o black_a on_o each_o side_n be_v another_o vermilion_a spot_n the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o back_n neck_n and_o lesser_a row_n of_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n green_a the_o rump_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a or_o straw-colour_n as_o aldrovandus_n right_o express_v it_o the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n be_v cross_v with_o transverse_a dusky_a line_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v nineteen_o prime_a feather_n beside_o the_o outmost_a which_o be_v very_o short_a of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n and_o mark_v with_o semicircular_a white_a spot_n but_o more_o particular_o the_o outer_a web_n of_o the_o body_n interior_a flag_n be_v green_a the_o inner_a web_n dusky_a with_o semicircular_a white_a spot_n the_o outer_a web_n of_o the_o exterior_a flag_n dusky_a and_o paint_v with_o white_a spot_n the_o inner_a web_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o precedent_n the_o feather_n cover_v the_o root_n of_o the_o flag_n underneath_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a green_a with_o transverse_a dusky_a line_n the_o tail_n consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n stiff_a and_o bend_a inward_o which_o by_o reason_n the_o shaft_n reach_v not_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o web_n seem_v to_o be_v fork_v the_o two_o middlemost_a feather_n be_v the_o long_a by_o measure_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a have_v their_o tip_n black_a else_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o cross_a bar_n above_o of_o a_o dark_a green_a and_o underneath_o whitish_a the_o three_o next_o on_o each_o side_n differ_v not_o from_o these_o of_o the_o two_o outmost_a which_o be_v blunt_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o great_a be_v all_o over_o vary_v with_o transverse_a bar_n of_o black_a and_o dark_a green_a alternate_o place_v the_o lesser_a or_o outmost_a have_v their_o top_n green_a and_o bottom_n black_a the_o foot_n and_o toe_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a green_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o lead_n colour_n the_o claw_n dusky_a the_o toe_n place_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n two_o forward_a two_o backward_o the_o low_a bone_n of_o the_o fore_a toe_n be_v join_v together_o it_o have_v a_o large_a gall_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o right_a testicle_n round_o the_o leave_v oblong_o and_o bend_v almost_o into_o a_o circle_n which_o lest_o any_o one_o shall_v think_v accidental_a i_o observe_v in_o three_o several_a bird_n it_o have_v no_o blind_a gut_n but_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o straight_a gut_n be_v dilate_v in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v crop_n be_v full_a of_o ant_n and_o antinous_n eggs._n it_o feed_v also_o upon_o
antipathy_n when_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v by_o experience_n find_v to_o be_v false_a we_o have_v behold_v more_o than_o once_o not_o without_o pleasure_n and_o admiration_n a_o capon_n bring_v up_o a_o brood_n of_o chicken_n like_o a_o hen_n clock_v of_o they_o feed_v of_o they_o and_o brood_v they_o under_o his_o wing_n with_o as_o much_o care_n and_o tenderness_n as_o their_o dam_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o he_o be_v train_v and_o induce_v to_o perform_v this_o office_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o jo._n baptista_n porta_n prescribe_v lib._n 4._o magiae_fw-la nat._n cap._n 26._o first_o they_o make_v he_o very_o tame_a so_o as_o to_o take_v meat_n out_o of_o one_o hand_n then_o about_o evening-time_n pluck_v the_o feather_n off_o his_o breast_n and_o rub_v the_o bare_a skin_n with_o nettle_n and_o then_o put_v the_o chicken_n to_o he_o which_o present_o run_v under_o his_o breast_n and_o belly_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a rub_v his_o breast_n gentle_o with_o their_o head_n allay_v the_o sting_a and_o it_o ch_v of_o the_o nettle_n and_o this_o they_o do_v for_o two_o or_o three_o night_n till_o he_o begin_v to_o love_v and_o delight_n in_o the_o chicken_n perchance_o also_o the_o querulous_a voice_n of_o the_o chicken_n may_v be_v pleasant_a to_o he_o in_o misery_n and_o invite_v he_o to_o succour_v the_o miserable_a a_o capon_n once_o accustom_v to_o this_o service_n will_v not_o give_v it_o over_o but_o when_o one_o brood_n be_v grow_v up_o you_o may_v take_v they_o away_o and_o put_v another_o to_o he_o of_o new_o hatch_v chicken_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v as_o kind_a to_o they_o and_o take_v as_o much_o care_n of_o they_o as_o of_o the_o former_a and_o so_o other_o till_o all_o be_v grow_v up_o or_o remove_v he_o have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n idle_a and_o disuse_v the_o employment_n i_o may_v be_v infinite_a shall_v i_o prosecute_v at_o large_a all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v of_o this_o bird_n or_o write_v a_o full_a exact_a and_o particular_a history_n of_o it_o if_o any_o reader_n desire_v to_o know_v more_o of_o it_o let_v he_o consult_v aldrovandus_n who_o design_n be_v to_o omit_v nothing_o in_o his_o history_n which_o be_v either_o know_v to_o himself_o or_o have_v be_v before_o publish_v by_o other_o this_o same_o author_n in_o his_o ornithology_n give_v we_o many_o kind_n or_o rather_o rarity_n of_o hen_n 1._o a_o common_a hen_n but_o white_a and_o cop_v lib._n 14._o cap._n 2._o 2._o a_o dwarf_n hen_n or_o short-leged_a hen_n which_o variety_n be_v also_o find_v in_o england_n keep_v by_o the_o curious_a and_o call_v grig_n 3._o a_o milan_n cock_n and_o hen_n which_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o pulverara_n cock_n and_o hen_n from_o pulverara_n a_o village_n some_o mile_n distant_a from_o milan_n where_o they_o be_v find_v these_o be_v large_a and_o fair_a fowl_n than_o the_o common_a sort_n else_o differ_v in_o no_o particular_a whence_o also_o if_o they_o be_v remove_v into_o other_o country_n they_o do_v by_o degree_n degenerate_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n in_o some_o few_o generation_n come_v to_o be_v of_o the_o size_n and_o and_o shape_n of_o the_o native_n of_o such_o place_n 4._o a_o rough-footed_a cock_n and_o hen_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 5._o 5._o a_o turkish_a cock_n and_o hen_n different_a from_o we_o especial_o in_o the_o variety_n and_o beauty_n of_o their_o colour_n cap._n 6._o 6._o a_o persian_a cock_n and_o hen_n who_o characteristic_a be_v the_o want_v of_o a_o rump_n or_o tail_n this_o kind_n be_v also_o keep_v by_o some_o among_o we_o and_o call_v rumkin_n the_o first_o five_o variety_n in_o my_o opinion_n differ_v not_o specifical_o for_o these_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o climate_n soil_n food_n and_o other_o accident_n vary_v infinite_o in_o colour_n differ_v also_o in_o bigness_n and_o in_o have_v or_o want_v tuft_n on_o their_o head_n etc._n etc._n those_o bird_n which_o he_o describe_v and_o give_v figure_n of_o in_o the_o ten_o and_o eleven_o chapter_n under_o the_o title_n of_o another_o indian_a cock_n and_o hen_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n under_o the_o title_n of_o two_o other_o indian_a hen_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mitu_fw-la and_o mituporanga_n of_o marggravius_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n §_o iv._o the_o wool-bearing_a hen_n i_o take_v to_o be_v altogether_o fabulous_a and_o its_o figure_n in_o aldrov_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 14._o take_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a map_n fictitious_a perchance_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o frizzle_a or_o friesland_n hen_n which_o odoricus_n de_fw-la foro_fw-la julii_n and_o sir_n john_n mandevil_n call_v the_o wool-bearing_a hen._n the_o bird_n which_o m._n panlus_n venetus_n make_v mention_n of_o in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o city_n quelinfu_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangi_n be_v find_v hen_n which_o instead_o of_o feather_n have_v hair_n like_o cat_n of_o ablack_a colour_n and_o lay_v very_o good_a egg_n seem_v to_o be_v cassowary_n beside_o those_o set_v forth_o by_o aldrovandus_n we_o have_v often_o see_v and_o ourselves_o also_o have_v now_o at_o middleton_n another_o kind_n or_o variety_n of_o hen_n call_v in_o english_a the_o friesland_n hen_n not_o as_o i_o suppose_v because_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v to_o we_o out_o of_o friesland_n but_o because_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o body_n be_v curl_v or_o frizzle_a by_o which_o epithet_n i_o believe_v this_o bird_n be_v at_o first_o call_v the_o word_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o vulgar_a corrupt_v into_o friesland_n of_o like_a sound_n for_o know_v this_o to_o be_v a_o outlandish_a hen_n they_o think_v it_o can_v not_o be_v more_o fit_o denominate_v than_o from_o its_o country_n and_o thereupon_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v call_v a_o friesland_n hen_n instead_o of_o a_o frizzle_a hen._n nor_o do_v they_o want_v a_o probable_a argument_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o think_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o friesland_n breed_v or_o original_n viz._n the_o curl_v of_o the_o feather_n which_o one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o attribute_v to_o the_o horror_n of_o cold_a i_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n which_o aldrovandus_n have_v put_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o monstrous_a hen_n in_o the_o last_o place_n who_o figure_n he_o say_v be_v send_v he_o by_o pompilius_n tagliaserrus_n of_o parma_n with_o this_o description_n i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n especial_o find_v in_o this_o cock_n worthy_a of_o admiration_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o the_o feather_n of_o its_o wing_n have_v a_o contrary_a situation_n to_o those_o of_o other_o bird_n for_o that_o side_n which_o in_o other_o be_v natural_o under_o most_o or_o inmost_a in_o this_o be_v turn_v outward_a so_o that_o the_o whole_a wing_n seem_v to_o be_v invert_v the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v reflect_v towards_o the_o head_n like_o a_o crest_n or_o ruff_n which_o way_n the_o whole_a tail_n also_o turn_v up_o a_o hen_n cut_v asunder_o in_o the_o middle_n in_o this_o case_n they_o prefer_v a_o black_a one_o and_o apply_v part_n hot_a to_o the_o head_n in_o the_o frenzy_n headache_n etc._n etc._n usual_o help_v and_o gives_z ease_n they_o say_v also_o that_o use_v in_o like_a manner_n it_o heal_v the_o bite_n of_o venomous_a beast_n lay_v upon_o carbuncle_n it_o draw_v out_o the_o venom_n nor_o must_v we_o omit_v that_o it_o stanche_n the_o bleed_a of_o green_a wound_n a_o live_v hen_n or_o cock_n pluck_v about_o the_o fundament_n and_o so_o apply_v to_o pestilential_a swell_n call_v bubones_fw-la draw_v out_o the_o venom_n 1._o the_o jelly_n of_o a_o old_a hen_n make_v of_o a_o hen_n cut_v with_o calf_n foot_n and_o sheep_n foot_n or_o beef_n boil_v six_o or_o seven_o hour_n in_o a_o close_a vessel_n to_o which_o you_o may_v add_v spice_n or_o cordial_a water_n be_v a_o great_a strengthener_n and_o nourisher_n 2._o cock-ale_n be_v make_v of_o hensflesh_n boil_v till_o the_o flesh_n fall_v from_o the_o bone_n than_o it_o be_v beat_v with_o the_o bone_n and_o strain_v for_o wine_n or_o ale_n with_o spice_n note_n the_o flesh_n of_o hen_n be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o cock_n except_o capon_n the_o flesh_n of_o a_o black_a hen_n that_o have_v not_o lay_v be_v account_v better_a and_o light_a 3._o cock-broth_n be_v thus_o make_v tire_v and_o old_a cock_n till_o he_o fall_v with_o weariness_n then_o kill_v and_o pluck_v he_o and_o gut_n he_o and_o stuff_v he_o with_o proper_a physic_n and_o boil_v he_o till_o all_o the_o flesh_n fall_v off_o then_o strain_v it_o this_o broth_n mollify_v and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o nitrous_a part_n wherewith_o
the_o peacock_n kind_n say_v aldrovandus_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o like_o the_o peacock_n than_o the_o common_a cock_n in_o its_o bigness_n and_o stature_n or_o tallness_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o carry_v its_o tail_n but_o especial_o of_o set_v it_o up_o and_o spread_v it_o as_o if_o both_o itself_o admire_v it_o and_o take_v pride_n in_o show_v it_o to_o other_o that_o these_o bird_n be_v the_o meleagrides_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o also_o their_o gallinae_fw-la africanae_n &_o numidicae_fw-la guttatae_fw-la aldrovandus_n take_v much_o pain_n to_o prove_v in_o english_a they_o be_v call_v turkey_n because_o they_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o bring_v to_o we_o out_o of_o turkey_n turkey_n love_v hot_a country_n yet_o they_o can_v bear_v cold_a one_o well_o enough_o after_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o and_o have_v be_v use_v to_o they_o but_o their_o young_a chicken_n be_v very_o nesh_v and_o tender_a and_o not_o to_o be_v rear_v without_o great_a care_n and_o attendance_n their_o flesh_n be_v very_o white_a and_o delicate_a a_o dish_n become_v a_o prince_n feast_n say_v aldrovandus_n if_o it_o be_v well_o concoct_v yield_v a_o plentiful_a and_o firm_a nourishment_n of_o the_o same_o taste_n and_o quality_n with_o that_o of_o a_o peacock_n and_o as_o difficult_a to_o concoct_v unless_o its_o hardness_n be_v before_o by_o some_o mean_v correct_v this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o old_a and_o well_o grow_v turkey_n for_o turkey-pouts_a and_o young_a turkey_n be_v tender_a enough_o and_o of_o easy_a concoction_n the_o antipathy_n this_o fowl_n have_v against_o a_o red_a colour_n so_o as_o to_o be_v much_o move_v and_o provoke_v at_o the_o sight_n thereof_o be_v very_o strange_a and_o admirable_a §._o iv._o the_o brasilian_n mitu_fw-la or_o mutu_fw-la of_o marggrave_n this_o bird_n say_v marggrave_n be_v of_o the_o pheasant_n kind_n the_o spaniard_n also_o as_o nierembergius_n tell_v we_o call_v it_o a_o pheasant_n but_o we_o partly_o for_o its_o bigness_n partly_o for_o its_o colour_n partly_o also_o for_o its_o gentle_a nature_n easy_o become_v tame_a but_o chief_o for_o that_o it_o spread_v its_o tail_n in_o like_a manner_n aright_o circular_o think_v that_o it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o peacock_n and_o turkey_n to_o which_o we_o have_v therefore_o subjoin_v it_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o common_a cock_n or_o hen._n the_o length_n of_o its_o body_n from_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v ten_o inch_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n six_o inch_n it_o be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o black_a feather_n except_o on_o the_o belly_n and_o under_o the_o tail_n whereit_n be_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n almost_o like_o that_o of_o a_o partridge_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n be_v fine_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o for_o softness_n and_o beauty_n comparable_a to_o black_a velvet_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v black_a feather_n complicate_v into_o a_o very_a low_a and_o flat_a cop_z which_o one_o that_o careless_o behold_v the_o bird_n will_v scarce_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o when_o it_o be_v angry_a or_o on_o other_o occasion_n it_o can_v erect_v they_o into_o a_o conspicuous_a crest_n it_o have_v a_o remarkable_a bill_n not_o thick_a crooked_a about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o low_a chap_n be_v small_a the_o upper_a almost_o four_o time_n big_a the_o bill_n be_v of_o a_o very_a bright_a carnation_n colour_n but_o towards_o the_o tip_n white_a its_o thigh_n leg_n be_v like_o a_o hen_n ten_o inch_n long_o to_o wit_n four_o from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o knee_n and_o six_o above_o they_o where_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o black_a feather_n it_o have_v also_o four_o toe_n like_o a_o hen_n which_o from_o their_o rise_n to_o the_o first_o joint_n be_v connect_v by_o a_o intervenient_a skin_n as_o in_o some_o other_o bird_n it_o have_v a_o tail_n a_o foot_n long_o like_o a_o turkey_n which_o it_o always_o move_v in_o breadth_n cry_v kit_n kit_n like_o they_o a_o well-shaped_a head_n like_o a_o goose_n a_o neck_n about_o six_o inch_n long_o as_o be_v before_o say_v brave_a great_a black_a eye_n and_o behind_o the_o ear_n a_o white_a naked_a spot_n like_o a_o hen._n it_o be_v easy_o make_v tame_a it_o roost_v willing_o on_o high_a upon_o tree_n like_o turkey_n final_o it_o have_v very_o good_a and_o savoury_a flesh_n the_o pauxi_n of_o nieremberg_n the_o indian_a hen_n of_o aldrovandus_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 12._o a_o variety_n of_o the_o mitu_fw-la it_o be_v say_v nieremberg_n out_o of_o fr._n hernandus_fw-la of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o dunghil-cock_n or_o something_o big_a its_o feather_n be_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n but_o shine_v and_o almost_o like_o a_o peacock_n its_o bill_n red_a crooked_a and_o like_o a_o parrot_n etc._n etc._n what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o and_o peculiar_a to_o this_o bird_n be_v a_o certain_a tumour_n fasten_v to_o the_o root_n of_o its_o bill_n where_o it_o be_v more_o slender_a of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pear_n of_o the_o hardness_n of_o a_o stone_n and_o of_o a_o blue_a colour_n like_o that_o of_o the_o stone_n call_v cyaneus_n or_o the_o turcois_n aldrovandus_n describe_v his_o 12._o indian_a hen_n from_o a_o picture_n as_o i_o suppose_v in_o this_o wise_a from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v white_a and_o stripe_v with_o black_a line_n it_o be_v black_a which_o blackness_n yet_o do_v every_o where_o incline_v to_o blue_a the_o vent_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o tail_n underneath_o be_v white_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v strong_a crooked_a and_o red_a its_o leg_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o much_o pale_a and_o in_o their_o hind_a part_n incline_v to_o blue_a the_o claw_n be_v black_a it_o carry_v on_o its_o forehead_n a_o great_a protuberance_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o fig_n and_o of_o a_o bluish_a colour_n the_o tail_n be_v long_o not_o erect_v as_o in_o our_o common_a cock_n and_o hen_n but_o extend_v in_o length_n as_o in_o a_o pie_n these_o bird_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o mitu_fw-la in_o any_o thing_n almost_o but_o that_o protuberance_n or_o excrescence_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n nierembergius_n also_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o variety_n in_o his_o ten_o book_n chap._n 75._o the_o pauxi_n say_v he_o for_o so_o he_o there_o call_v this_o bird_n have_v a_o great_a head_n which_o in_o some_o be_v plain_a or_o smooth_a in_o other_o crest_v in_o other_o instead_o of_o a_o crest_n of_o feather_n arise_v a_o stone_n or_o globular_a body_n a_o stone_n they_o call_v it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o overhard_a like_o a_o egg_n or_o big_a of_o the_o colour_n of_o soder_n i_o wonder_v that_o marggrave_n shall_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o bunch_n sure_o it_o be_v want_v in_o all_o the_o bird_n he_o see_v whether_o this_o bird_n be_v a_o species_n distinct_a from_o the_o mitu_fw-la or_o only_o accidental_o different_a we_o refer_v to_o further_a inquisition_n §._o v._o the_o other_o indian_a cock_n of_o aldrovandus_n mituporanga_n of_o marggravius_n tepetototl_n of_o nierembergius_n there_o be_v also_o find_v say_v marggrave_n another_o kind_n of_o mitu_fw-la this_o bird_n which_o the_o brasilian_n call_v mituporanga_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o bill_n and_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n this_o kind_n have_v no_o long_a bill_n but_o a_o indifferent_o thick_a one_o yet_o not_o so_o be_v high_a as_o the_o mitu_fw-la nor_o so_o crooked_a the_o tip_n of_o both_o chap_n be_v black_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bill_n cover_v with_o a_o saffron-coloured_n skin_n the_o like_a whereto_o it_o have_v also_o about_o the_o eye_n it_o have_v goodly_a black_a eye_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n cover_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o deep_a black_a like_a velvet_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v curl_a feather_n twist_a or_o turn_v up_o spiral_o as_o far_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o it_o can_v erect_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o curl_a or_o frizzle_a crest_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bird_n be_v black_a wherewith_o be_v here_o and_o there_o mingle_v a_o gloss_n of_o green_a about_o the_o vent_n it_o have_v white_a feather_n the_o leg_n be_v cinereous_a and_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o mitu_n the_o tail_n black_a but_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o feather_n white_a this_o bird_n also_o easy_o become_v very_o tame_a and_o familiar_a of_o this_o bird_n nierembergius_n 68_o write_v thus_o the_o fawn_a and_o familiarity_n of_o dog_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o officiousness_n of_o the_o tepetototl_n or_o mountain_n bird_n which_o other_o call_v tecuecholi_fw-la and_o the_o spaniard_n native_n of_o america_n a_o pheasant_n which_o be_v very_o tame_a and_o domestic_a it_o
the_o ring_n also_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n for_o in_o the_o indian_a turtle_n it_o be_v slender_a and_o black_a and_o compass_n the_o neck_n round_o whereas_o in_o the_o common_a one_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o inch_n broad_a particoloured_a and_o compass_n not_o the_o neck_n the_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o rump_n and_o whole_a tail_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n have_v their_o shaft_n black_a and_o edge_n white_a the_o belly_n especial_o near_o the_o vent_n be_v yellow_a the_o foot_n red_a adorn_v with_o whitish_a scale_n table_n the_o claw_n be_v dusky_a incline_v to_o yellow_a they_o feed_v upon_o millet_n thus_o far_o aldrovandus_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o bird_n we_o have_v see_v many_o keep_v by_o the_o curious_a in_o aviaries_n and_o cage_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o indian_a turtle_n or_o cocotzin_n of_o nieremberg_n the_o picuipinima_n of_o marggrave_n our_o least_n barbados_n turtle_n it_o be_v a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o lark_n nieremberg_n say_v than_o a_o sparrow_n have_v a_o small_a dusky_a black_a bill_n like_o a_o pigeon_n black_a eye_n with_o a_o golden_a circle_n the_o whole_a head_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o side_n back_o and_o wing_n be_v cover_v with_o dark_a ash-coloured_a or_o black_a and_o blue_a feather_n have_v black_a semilunar_a border_n but_o the_o long_a feather_n of_o its_o wing_n which_o be_v see_v as_o it_o fly_v be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o black_a on_o one_o side_n and_o in_o their_o tip_n the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o good_a length_n consist_v of_o dusky_a ash-coloured_a feather_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o be_v black_a and_o have_v their_o exterior_a half_a white_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v white_a have_v their_o border_n black_a of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n like_o those_o of_o other_o dove_n but_o whitish_a these_o pigeon_n be_v good_a meat_n and_o grow_v very_o fat_a nieremberg_n add_v that_o the_o head_n be_v little_a the_o bill_n little_a and_o black_a the_o neck_n short_a the_o leg_n red_a wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o marggraves_n bird_n the_o claw_n dusky_a and_o little_a the_o mexican_n give_v it_o its_o name_n from_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v in_o fly_v the_o spaniard_n who_o call_v it_o a_o turtle_n from_o its_o murmur_a voice_n and_o the_o taste_n and_o quality_n of_o its_o flesh_n although_o it_o be_v much_o less_o than_o our_o common_a turtle_n it_o cry_v hu_o hu_o afford_v good_a nourishment_n though_o somewhat_o hard_o of_o concoction_n it_o be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n and_o also_o near_o to_n it_o be_v native_a of_o the_o country_n of_o mexico_n and_o very_o common_a there_o they_o say_v that_o it_o will_v cure_v a_o woman_n of_o jealousy_n if_o you_o give_v it_o her_o boil_a to_o eat_v so_o that_o she_o know_v not_o what_o she_o eat_v there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o this_o bird_n every_o way_n like_o it_o save_v only_o that_o the_o body_n be_v fulvous_a and_o black_a and_o the_o head_n ash-coloured_a whence_o some_o call_v it_o tlapalcocotli_n this_o bird_n be_v either_o the_o same_o with_o or_o very_o like_a to_o our_o least_n barbados_n turtle_n which_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o lark_n be_v exact_o equal_a to_o the_o figure_n we_o give_v of_o it_o take_v from_o the_o live_a bird_n §._o vii_o the_o ring-dove_n palumbus_fw-la torquatus_fw-la that_o we_o describe_v weigh_v twenty_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n its_o breadth_n thirty_o it_o be_v bill_n yellowish_a cover_v for_o some_o space_n from_o the_o head_n with_o a_o red_a or_o purplish_a skin_n wherein_o be_v the_o nostril_n above_o the_o nostril_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o white_a dandroof_n the_o tongue_n be_v sharp-pointed_a not_o cleave_v but_o channel_a the_o circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a the_o foot_n be_v bare_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n as_o in_o other_o pigeon_n the_o outmost_a toe_n by_o a_o membrane_n join_v to_o the_o middlemost_a as_o far_a as_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o leg_n feather_v almost_o down_o to_o the_o foot_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o semicircular_a line_n of_o white_a which_o they_o call_v a_o ring_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o bird_n take_v its_o name_n ring-dove_n both_o above_o and_o beneath_o this_o ring_n the_o neck_n as_o it_o be_v various_o object_v to_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o various_a colour_n the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v purplish_a or_o red_a with_o a_o certain_a mixture_n of_o cinereous_a the_o belly_n of_o a_o light_a ash-colour_n incline_v to_o white_a in_o the_o cock_n these_o colour_n be_v deep_a than_o in_o the_o hen._n the_o quill-feather_n in_o each_o wing_n about_o twenty_o four_o of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v the_o long_a the_o ten_o foremost_a or_o outmost_a be_v black_a the_o second_o and_o succeed_v as_o far_o as_o the_o seven_o have_v their_o utmost_a edge_n white_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o hard_a feather_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n at_o the_o bottom_n or_o rise_v of_o the_o bastard_n wing_n a_o white_a spot_n tend_v downward_o cover_v the_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o and_o twelve_o quill-feather_n the_o tail_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n the_o top_n or_o end_n for_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a be_v black_a the_o remain_a part_n cinereous_a the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n it_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n but_o a_o large_a gall-channel_n to_o convey_v the_o gall_n into_o the_o gut_n these_o bird_n in_o wintertime_n company_n together_o and_o fly_v in_o flock_n they_o build_v in_o tree_n make_v their_o nest_n of_o a_o few_o stick_n and_o straw_n they_o feed_v upon_o acorn_n and_o also_o upon_o corn_n and_o ivy_n and_o holly_n berry_n §._o viii_o the_o stock-dove_n or_o wood-pigeon_n oenas_n sive_fw-la vinago_n it_o be_v as_o big_a or_o big_a than_o a_o common_a pigeon_n the_o cock_n weigh_v fourteen_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a be_v from_o bill_n to_o tail_n fourteen_o inch_n long_o and_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v twenty_o six_o broad_a the_o colour_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o body_n almost_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o a_o common_a pigeon_n the_o bill_n also_o like_a and_o of_o equal_a length_n of_o a_o pale_a red_a colour_n the_o nostril_n be_v great_a and_o prominent_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n cinereous_a the_o neck_n cover_v with_o changeable_a feather_n which_o as_o they_o be_v various_o object_v to_o the_o light_n appear_v of_o a_o purple_a or_o shine_a green_a no_o silk_n like_o they_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o breast_n the_o shoulder_n and_o wing_n be_v dash_v with_o a_o purplish_a or_o red-wine_n colour_n whence_o it_o take_v the_o name_n oenas_n the_o wing_n shoulder_n and_o middle_a of_o the_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o pale_a all_o the_o quil-feather_n except_o the_o four_o or_o five_o outmost_a which_o be_v all_o over_o black_a with_o their_o edge_n white_a have_v their_o low_a part_n cinereous_a and_o their_o upper_a black_a the_o tail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n have_v their_o low_a part_n cinereous_a their_o upper_a for_o one_o three_o of_o their_o length_n black_a the_o nether_a side_n of_o the_o body_n except_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v all_o cinereous_a the_o wing_n close_v reach_v not_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o both_o wing_n be_v two_o black_a spot_n the_o one_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o quil-feather_n next_o the_o body_n the_o other_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o covert_a feather_n incumbent_a upon_o those_o quill_n both_o spot_n be_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o shaft_n and_o not_o far_o from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o two_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v the_o low_a half_o of_o their_o exterior_a vane_n white_a the_o foot_n be_v red_a the_o claw_n black_a the_o leg_n feather_v down_o a_o little_a below_o the_o knee_n the_o blind_a gut_n very_o short_a it_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n that_o we_o can_v find_v a_o large_a craw_n full_a of_o gromil_n seed_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v a_o musculous_a stomach_n long_a testicle_n and_o a_o long_a breastbone_n §._o ix_o *_o the_o rock-pigeon_n this_o as_o mr._n johnson_n describe_v it_o to_o we_o have_v a_o small_a body_n ash-coloured_a and_o red_a leg_n but_o these_o two_o last_o note_n be_v common_a to_o most_o pigeon_n
spot_n and_o a_o few_o black_a one_o the_o throat_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o belly_n for_o that_o the_o foremention_v colour_n be_v there_o more_o mingle_v and_o confound_v whereas_o in_o the_o belly_n they_o be_v more_o distinct_a and_o make_v great_a spot_n if_o you_o heed_v each_o feather_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o bottom_n to_o be_v blue_a in_o the_o middle_a a_o yellow_a spot_n encompass_v with_o a_o black_a line_n and_o the_o top_n white_a the_o wing_n be_v long_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o description_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o leg_n we_o have_v already_o give_v in_o mr._n willughby_n word_n and_o have_v nothing_o further_a to_o add_v concern_v they_o it_o be_v say_v to_o abide_v and_o build_v in_o mountainous_a place_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o cage_n for_o its_o sing_n i_o suspect_v that_o bellonius_fw-la his_o solitary_a sparrow_n be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o bird_n though_o the_o description_n answer_v not_o exact_o in_o all_o thing_n §._o iv._o *_o the_o brasilian_n pitanga_n guacu_fw-la call_v by_o the_o portugnese_n bemtere_n marggrav_fw-mi in_o bigness_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o stare_v have_v a_o thick_a broad_a pyramidal_a bill_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o word_n outward_o sharp_a a_o broad_a compress_a head_n a_o short_a neck_n which_o sit_v it_o contract_v or_o draw_v up_o a_o body_n near_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a four_o toe_n dispose_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a back_o wing_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o dark_a brown_a or_o black_a mingle_v with_o a_o little_a green_a the_o under_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n and_o low_a belly_n have_v yellow_a feather_n but_o above_o by_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o crown_n like_v that_o of_o a_o monk_n of_o a_o white_a colour_n it_o have_v a_o loud_a shrill_a cry_n some_o of_o these_o bird_n have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n a_o yellow_a spot_n and_o some_o have_v it_o partly_o of_o a_o clay_n colour_n else_o in_o all_o thing_n like_a this_o kind_n be_v call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n cuiriri_fw-la chap._n xx._n atinga_n guacu_fw-la mucu_fw-la of_o marggrave_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o throstle_n have_v a_o great_a head_n a_o neck_n of_o a_o moderate_a length_n a_o body_n three_o inch_n long_o the_o bill_n a_o little_a hook_a of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o green_a and_o yellow_a sanguine_a eye_n with_o a_o black_a pupil_n the_o leg_n be_v ash-coloured_a of_o a_o moderate_a length_n above_o the_o knee_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v cover_v with_o feather_n in_o the_o foot_n four_o toe_n dispose_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n a_o exceed_a long_a tail_n viz._n of_o about_o nine_o inch_n consist_v of_o about_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o some_o of_o the_o low_a be_v short_a than_o the_o upper_a the_o whole_a head_n neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n have_v brown_a or_o soot_n fuligineous_a feather_n which_o in_o the_o tail_n be_v darker-coloured_n than_o the_o rest_n the_o end_n of_o each_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n for_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n be_v white_a and_o between_o the_o white_a and_o red_a part_v shade_v with_o black_a the_o throat_n breast_n low_a belly_n and_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o ash-coloured_a feather_n on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v long_a feather_n which_o it_o can_v set_v up_o like_o two_o horn_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n remarkable_a for_o the_o length_n of_o its_o tail_n for_o its_o agreement_n in_o bigness_n its_o bill_n and_o some_o other_o accident_n we_o have_v subjoin_v it_o to_o the_o thrush-kind_n chap._n xxi_o the_o witwall_n as_o it_o be_v by_o some_o call_v galbula_n seu_fw-la picus_n nidum_fw-la suspendens_fw-la aldrov_n oriolus_n alberti_fw-la chloreus_n aristotelis_fw-la &_o icterus_n plinii_n in_o aldrovandus_n his_o judgement_n this_o bird_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v by_o measure_n ten_o inch_n long_o equal_a in_o magnitude_n to_o or_o somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o thrush_n its_o bill_n more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o red_a like_o a_o thrush_n but_o big_a and_o long_o its_o tongue_n cleave_v and_o rough_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n red_a its_o leg_n foot_n and_o toe_n of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o hind-toe_n near_o the_o rise_n of_o it_o be_v broad_a and_o callous_a the_o outer_a toe_n join_v to_o the_o middle_n as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n up_o to_o the_o first_o joint_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a but_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o also_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o four_o subsequent_a white_a and_o the_o utmost_a edge_n of_o the_o three_o and_o four_o the_o foremost_a feather_n of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v almost_o half_a way_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a else_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o whole_a wing_n black_a the_o twelve_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n viz._n about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o two_o middlemost_a black_a the_o rest_n have_v their_o upper_a half_n yellow_a their_o low_a black_a all_o the_o body_n beside_o be_v of_o a_o bright_a yellow_a very_o beautiful_a to_o behold_v so_o that_o for_o the_o lustre_n and_o elegancy_n of_o its_o colour_n it_o scarce_o give_v place_n to_o any_o of_o the_o american_n bird_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o nostril_n on_o each_o side_n it_o have_v a_o black_a spot_n in_o the_o female_a the_o colour_n be_v not_o so_o fair_a and_o lively_a the_o yellow_a be_v mingle_v with_o black_a and_o brown_a the_o breast_n shade_v with_o dusky_a line_n the_o lesser_a row_n of_o wing-feather_n and_o the_o two_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n green_fw-mi the_o young_a one_o also_o be_v green_a and_o have_v their_o breast_n spot_v the_o gut_n be_v sixteen_o inch_n long_o great_a and_o lax_n the_o blind_a gut_n very_o small_a and_o short_a the_o testicle_n round_o in_o the_o belly_n we_o find_v caterpillar_n we_o shoot_v this_o bird_n near_o frankfurt_n in_o germany_n afterward_o we_o see_v many_o of_o they_o at_o naples_n in_o the_o poulterer_n shop_n whence_o we_o guess_v that_o they_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o nest_n and_o how_o artificial_o it_o hang_v it_o see_v in_o aldrovand_n the_o low_a dutch_a call_v this_o bird_n by_o a_o very_a fit_a name_n goutmerle_n that_o be_v the_o golden_a ousel_n for_o it_o agree_v with_o thrush_n or_o blackbird_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o the_o bigness_n also_o food_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v it_o be_v call_v galbula_n or_o galgulus_n from_o its_o yellow_a colour_n it_o be_v a_o bird_n of_o passage_n gesner_n write_v that_o it_o come_v into_o his_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o may_n but_o sometime_o also_o in_o april_n after_o who_o come_v they_o have_v certain_a hope_n that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o 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leg_n of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n chap._n xxiii_o *_o guirapunga_n of_o marggrave_n the_o cry_n of_o this_o bird_n may_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a way_n off_o it_o be_v big_a than_o the_o missel-bird_n almost_o equal_a to_o a_o pigeon_n have_v a_o bill_n a_o inch_n long_o and_o pretty_a broad_a acutum_fw-la sharp-pointed_a the_o upper_a part_n a_o little_a prominent_a above_o the_o low_a and_o bend_v downward_o black_a have_v wide_a or_o open_a nostril_n it_o be_v mouth_n be_v large_a the_o slit_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o eye_n so_o that_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n with_o the_o bill_n form_v a_o triangle_n it_o have_v a_o short_a tongue_n eye_n between_o black_a and_o blue_a under_o the_o throat_n which_o be_v broad_a and_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o
straight_o slender_a sharp-pointed_a above_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o somewhat_o flat_a of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n its_o tongue_n broad_a cleave_v the_o irides_fw-la of_o its_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n its_o nostril_n round_o its_o foot_n of_o a_o pale_a yellow_a incline_v to_o flesh_n colour_n its_o claw_n dusky_a that_o of_o the_o back-toe_n long_a the_o outmost_a fore-toe_n stick_v to_o the_o middle_n below_o near_o the_o divarication_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a whitish_a yellow_a the_o throat_n deep_o colour_v both_o spot_a with_o black_a in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o red_a yellow_a the_o middle_a of_o each_o feather_n be_v spot_v with_o black_a the_o neck_n be_v ash-coloured_a a_o white_a line_n encompass_v the_o head_n from_o eye_n to_o eye_n like_o a_o crown_n or_o wreath_n the_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a red_a or_o tawny_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o prime_a feather_n the_o outmost_a be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o next_o five_o be_v half_o a_o inch_n long_o than_o the_o rest_n have_v their_o point_n sharp_a and_o their_o outer_a edge_n white_a the_o rest_n have_v blunt_a point_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n have_v yellow_a edge_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o bastard_n wing_n be_v dusky_a with_o clay-coloured_n tip_v and_o at_o its_o root_n be_v a_o white_a spot_n the_o small_a feather_n on_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n long_o consist_v of_o the_o usual_a number_n of_o feather_n viz._n twelve_o not_o fork_v yet_o the_o middle_a feather_n be_v something_o short_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o end_v in_o sharp_a point_n be_v between_o green_a and_o a_o sordid_a red_a or_o fulvous_a colour_n the_o four_o next_o on_o each_o side_n have_v blunt_a point_n be_v whitish_a at_o tip_n the_o outmost_a most_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n less_o else_o blackish_a it_o have_v no_o craw_n in_o the_o stomach_n we_o find_v beetle_n caterpillar_n gromil-seed_n etc._n etc._n the_o stomach_n be_v provide_v with_o strong_a and_o thick_a muscle_n the_o blind_a gut_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o in_o all_o other_o small_a bird_n that_o we_o have_v observe_v be_v very_o short_a the_o gut_n below_o these_o appendant_o be_v large_a these_o bird_n fly_v many_o together_o in_o company_n sing_v as_o they_o fly_v with_o a_o note_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o blackbird_n it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a lark_n by_o the_o follow_a mark_n especial_o 1._o whistle_v like_o a_o blackbird_n 2._o a_o circle_n of_o white_a feather_n encompass_v the_o head_n from_o eye_n to_o eye_n like_o a_o crown_n or_o wreath_n 3._o the_o first_o or_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o short_a than_o the_o second_o whereas_o in_o the_o common_a lark_n it_o be_v near_o equal_a 4._o the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a tip_n 5._o that_o it_o sit_v upon_o tree_n 6._o it_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o common_a lark_n but_o have_v a_o short_a and_o thick_a or_o round_a body_n for_o its_o bigness_n aldrovandus_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o bird_n that_o i_o know_v of_o olina_n figure_n and_o describe_v it_o in_o his_o uccelleria_n under_o the_o title_n of_o tottovilla_n the_o woodlark_n be_v comparable_a to_o the_o nightingale_n for_o sing_v and_o by_o some_o prefer_v before_o it_o he_o will_v also_o emulate_v the_o nightingale_n and_o have_v great_a variety_n of_o note_n it_o be_v a_o very_a tender_a bird_n and_o yet_o breed_v the_o soon_a of_o any_o in_o england_n my_o author_n say_v that_o he_o have_v have_v a_o nest_n of_o young_a bird_n ready_a to_o fly_v by_o the_o sixteen_o of_o march_n that_o it_o build_v most_o common_o in_o lay_n where_o the_o grass_n have_v be_v pretty_a rank_n and_o be_v grow_v russet_a under_o some_o large_a turf_n to_o shelter_v its_o nest_n from_o the_o wind_n and_o weather_n he_o can_v never_o bring_v up_o a_o nest_n of_o young_a one_o because_o they_o either_o have_v the_o cramp_n or_o fall_v into_o a_o scour_n in_o less_o than_o a_o week_n time_n after_o he_o have_v take_v they_o nor_o can_v he_o ever_o hear_v of_o any_o who_o have_v keep_v they_o so_o long_o as_o till_o they_o sing_v so_o that_o they_o be_v never_o breed_v from_o the_o nest_n the_o season_n of_o take_v woodlark_n and_o which_o best_o to_o keep_v there_o be_v three_o season_n of_o take_v woodlark_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n when_o the_o brancher_n be_v take_v have_v not_o yet_o moult_v these_o bird_n sing_v present_o but_o continue_v their_o sing_n but_o little_a for_o they_o soon_o fall_v a_o moult_a they_o be_v common_o very_o familiar_a bird_n as_o be_v take_v young_a 2._o the_o next_o season_n for_o take_v they_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n which_o my_o author_n call_v the_o general_a flight-time_n when_o they_o rove_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o by_o this_o time_n they_o have_v all_o moult_v their_o feather_n and_o you_o can_v hardly_o distinguish_v a_o young_a bird_n from_o a_o old_a the_o bird_n take_v at_o this_o season_n be_v brave_a strong_a and_o sprightful_a and_o prove_v well_o at_o spring_n if_o they_o be_v well_o keep_v all_o winter_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v lousy_a and_o quite_o spoil_v they_o usual_o begin_v not_o to_o sing_v till_o after_o spring_n and_o continue_v till_o july_n 3._o the_o three_o season_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n when_o they_o be_v pair_v and_o have_v part_v with_o their_o last_o year_n brood_n these_o sing_v within_o three_o or_o four_o day_n or_o a_o week_n at_o further_a if_o they_o be_v well_o condition_v bird_n and_o will_v soon_o become_v tame_a for_o your_o fearful_a wild_a buckish_a bird_n seldom_o prove_v good_a for_o upon_o every_o turn_n they_o bolt_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cage_n and_o bruise_v themselves_o and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o leave_v off_o sing_v therefore_o if_o you_o have_v a_o bird_n that_o be_v a_o good_a bird_n and_o wild_a have_v a_o net_n knit_v french_a meash_n and_o put_v it_o in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cage_n sow_v it_o close_o to_o the_o side_n and_o strait_a that_o when_o he_o bolt_v or_o flirt_v he_o may_v take_v no_o harm_n bird_n take_v at_o this_o season_n for_o the_o most_o part_n prove_v the_o best_a they_o be_v in_o full_a stomach_n and_o sing_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n after_o and_o be_v also_o more_o perfect_a in_o their_o song_n than_o those_o take_v at_o other_o season_n how_o to_o order_v a_o woodlark_n when_o take_v in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o must_v have_v a_o cage_n with_o two_o pan_n one_o for_o mix_a meat_n and_o another_o for_o oatmeal_n and_o whole_a hempseed_n first_o boil_v a_o egg_n hard_a then_o take_v the_o crumb_n of_o a_o halfpenny_n white-loaf_n and_o as_o much_o hempseed_n as_o the_o bread_n chap_v your_o egg_n very_o small_a and_o crumble_v your_o bread_n and_o it_o together_o then_o bruise_v your_o hempseed_n very_o small_a with_o a_o roll_a pin_n or_o pound_n it_o in_o a_o mortar_n mingle_v all_o together_o and_o give_v it_o he_o 2._o you_o must_v put_v red_a gravel_n sift_v fine_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o his_o cage_n for_o he_o delight_v to_o bask_v himself_o in_o the_o sand_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pretty_a often_o he_o prove_v lousy_a and_o then_o seldom_o come_v to_o any_o thing_n if_o you_o leave_v gravel-stone_n in_o the_o sand_n he_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v his_o feather_n in_o bask_v he_o shift_v this_o sand_n twice_o a_o week_n otherwise_o he_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o clog_v his_o foot_n with_o his_o dung_n 3._o be_v sure_a that_o his_o meat_n be_v not_o too_o stale_a for_o he_o will_v never_o thrive_v upon_o it_o when_o dry_a or_o mouldy_a 4._o have_v a_o great_a care_n to_o shift_v his_o water_n oft_o thrice_o a_o week_n at_o least_o for_o it_o stink_v soon_o than_o any_o bird_n water_n because_o throw_v about_o his_o meat_n some_o fall_n into_o it_o which_o cause_v it_o immediate_o to_o stink_v 5._o line_n your_o perch_n in_o the_o cage_n with_o some_o green_a bay_n or_o else_o make_v a_o perch_n of_o a_o mat_n which_o i_o have_v find_v they_o very_o much_o to_o delight_v in_o note_v 1_o if_o your_o bird_n be_v very_o wild_a when_o he_o be_v take_v keep_v he_o three_o or_o four_o day_n from_o company_n till_o he_o begin_v to_o eat_v his_o meat_n strew_v some_o of_o the_o hempseed_n and_o oatmeal_n upon_o the_o sand_n and_o some_o of_o his_o mix_a meat_n also_o because_o sometime_o they_o find_v not_o the_o pan_n till_o they_o be_v almost_o famish_v note_v 2._o if_o he_o
good_a way_n and_o towards_o the_o tip_n moderate_o hook_v the_o claw_n also_o be_v whitish_a §._o x._o the_o bird_n call_v spipoletta_n at_o florence_n tordino_n at_o venice_n perchance_o the_o 732._o stopparola_n or_o 731._o grisola_n or_o spipola_n secunda_fw-la of_o aldrovand_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o lark_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o beccafigo_n from_o bill_n point_n to_o tail_n end_n 7⅛_n inch_n long_o between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v eleven_o three_o quarter_n broad_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v small_a slender_a about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o straight_o sharp_a and_o coalblack_a its_o spur_n or_o back-claw_a very_o long_o like_o a_o lark_n it_o be_v colour_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n shoulder_n and_o back_o cinereous_a with_o a_o dash_n of_o green_a mr._n willughby_n make_v the_o back_n to_o be_v of_o a_o obscure_a or_o dusky_a yellow_a the_o head_n more_o cinereous_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o throat_n spot_v the_o belly_n of_o the_o hen-bird_n be_v yellowish_a the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n in_o some_o be_v white_a in_o other_o of_o a_o lovely_a yellow_a but_o in_o all_o general_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o throat_n or_o belly_n and_o spot_v it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o prime_a feather_n i_o find_v not_o in_o this_o kind_n that_o small_a short_a outmost_a feather_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o wing_n of_o many_o small_a bird_n of_o a_o dark_a or_o dusky_a colour_n except_v the_o outer_a edge_n which_o be_v either_o whitish_a or_o yellowish_a the_o feather_n also_o of_o the_o second_o row_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o those_o of_o the_o first_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o consist_v of_o ten_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o outmost_a on_o each_o side_n have_v their_o outward_a vane_n and_o top_n in_o the_o whole_a above_o their_o half_n milkwhite_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v dark-coloured_n and_o almost_o black_a especial_o in_o the_o male_n except_v the_o two_o middlemost_a which_o round_o the_o edge_n be_v either_o yellowish_a or_o white_a mr._n willughby_n describe_v the_o tail_n a_o little_a otherwise_o and_o perchance_o more_o exact_o thus_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a but_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n on_o each_o side_n and_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o next_o be_v white_a the_o two_o middlemost_a from_o dusky_a incline_v to_o a_o ash-colour_n this_o bird_n be_v sufficient_o distinguish_v by_o the_o length_n of_o its_o heel_n from_o other_o sort_n of_o bird_n by_o the_o black_a colour_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o tail_n bill_n and_o foot_n from_o other_o lark_n concern_v its_o manner_n place_n nest_n breed_v etc._n etc._n we_o have_v nothing_o further_a to_o add_v we_o see_v it_o at_o venice_n and_o florence_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o countryman_n and_o fowler_n among_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n at_o florence_n they_o call_v it_o spipoletta_n whence_o induce_v by_o the_o agreement_n of_o name_n we_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v either_o the_o first_o or_o second_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n but_o yet_o see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o heel_n which_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a so_o curious_a a_o spectator_n as_o aldrovand_n shall_v either_o oversee_v or_o through_o neglect_n and_o forgetfulness_n omit_v notwithstanding_o the_o convenience_n of_o name_n these_o may_v perchance_o be_v distinct_a species_n and_o therefore_o that_o we_o may_v not_o give_v the_o reader_n just_a occasion_n to_o to_o complain_v that_o we_o have_v rash_o omit_v any_o thing_n in_o our_o ornithology_n we_o will_v annex_v to_o this_o chapter_n aldrovandus_n his_o description_n of_o spipolae_fw-la stopparolae_fw-la and_o other_o small_a bird_n to_o which_o we_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o or_o very_o like_a the_o first_o spipola_n of_o 26._o aldrovandus_n the_o first_o spipola_n which_o be_v great_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o this_o kind_n have_v a_o ash-coloured_a head_n under_o the_o bill_n a_o white_a spot_n in_o place_n of_o a_o beard_n it_o be_v breast_n be_v red_a its_o belly_n particoloured_a of_o red_a and_o white_a its_o tail_n black_a above_o white_z underneath_o it_o be_v back_o ash-coloured_a its_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o white_a black_a and_o red_a its_o leg_n and_o foot_n yellow_a its_o claw_n black_a its_o bill_n long_o slender_a and_o dusky_a colour_v this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v exact_o describe_v be_v to_o we_o as_o yet_o unknown_a the_o other_o spipola_n of_o ibid._n aldrovandus_n this_o incline_v more_o to_o a_o ash-colour_n than_o the_o precedent_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o that_o it_o have_v not_o a_o red_a breast_n but_o mark_v with_o black_a spot_n draw_v downward_o it_o be_v also_o more_o cinereous_a above_o than_o beneath_o moreover_o the_o belly_n be_v almost_o white_a behind_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o great_a spot_n approach_v after_o a_o sort_n to_o a_o ferrugineous_a colour_n the_o master_n feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o which_o cover_v they_o be_v black_a their_o side_n and_o end_n be_v cinereous_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o tail_n ash-coloured_a the_o three_o spipola_n of_o aldrovandus_n describe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n this_o some_o call_n boarina_n it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n almost_o all_o over_o of_o a_o pale_a or_o whitish_a yellow_a but_o deep_a in_o the_o wing_n than_o elsewhere_o the_o bill_n and_o foot_n be_v dusky_a the_o stopparola_n of_o aldrovand_n lib._n 17._o cap._n 27._o the_o fowler_n say_v he_o of_o our_o city_n call_v this_o bird_n stopparola_n a_o name_n i_o know_v not_o what_o it_o signify_v nor_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v unless_o perchance_o it_o be_v from_o stubble_n which_o our_o peasant_n country_n man_n call_v stoppia_n it_o be_v if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o flycatcher_n muscicapae_n have_v the_o breast_n and_o belly_n for_o the_o most_o part_n white_a the_o head_n which_o on_o the_o crown_n be_v speckle_v with_o white_a spot_n neck_n back_o and_o tail_n brown_a the_o quill-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n black_a as_o be_v also_o the_o covert_n but_o yellowish_a on_o the_o side_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n slender_a and_o black_a the_o bill_n indifferent_o long_a sharp-pointed_a and_o black_a a_o bird_n like_o to_o stopparola_n &_o magnanina_n aldrov_n in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o wagtail_n have_v a_o long_a straight_o sharp_a bill_n yet_o above_o have_v a_o little_a declivity_n black_a above_o and_o of_o a_o horn_n colour_n underneath_o the_o neck_n breast_n and_o belly_n pale_a the_o eye_n small_a and_o lively_a have_v a_o black_a pupil_n and_o a_o white_a circle_n and_o a_o dusky_a spot_n hardly_o conspicuous_a about_o they_o the_o foot_n leadencoloured_a the_o grisola_n of_o 28._o aldrovandus_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a other_o small_a bird_n catch_v in_o our_o field_n which_o the_o fowler_n call_v grisola_n perchance_o from_o its_o grey_a or_o hoary_a colour_n although_o it_o be_v not_o grey_a but_o of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n or_o perchance_o because_o it_o cry_v much_o keep_v alone_o for_o we_o sometime_o use_v the_o word_n gridare_v to_o signify_v lament_v it_o feed_v upon_o fly_n and_o other_o such_o like_a infect_v as_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o figure_n and_o construction_n of_o its_o bill_n for_o it_o be_v slender_a straight_o and_o long_o on_o the_o neck_n and_o breast_n it_o be_v distinguish_v with_o oblong_a brown_a spot_n tend_v downward_o the_o whole_a belly_n be_v white_a the_o head_n upper_z side_z of_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o tail_n be_v dusky_a as_o be_v also_o the_o wing_n the_o feather_n whereof_o have_v their_o side_n and_o end_n of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v also_o dusky_a or_o blackish_a the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n hither_o also_o for_o its_o spot_a breast_n we_o will_v refer_v the_o glareana_n or_o grien_n vogelin_n of_o gesner_n which_o because_o the_o author_n describe_v from_o the_o inspection_n of_o a_o picture_n send_v he_o from_o strasburgh_n we_o suspect_v not_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o above_o describe_v although_o in_o some_o particular_n it_o seem_v to_o vary_v we_o refer_v the_o reader_n that_o desire_v more_o concern_v it_o to_o gesner_n or_o aldrovandus_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o swallow_n in_o general_n the_o characteristic_a note_n of_o swallow_n be_v a_o great_a head_n a_o short_a neck_n a_o small_a short_a bill_n a_o wide_a mouth_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a catch_v of_o fly_n and_o other_o infect_v as_o they_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o very_o long_a wing_n a_o swift_a and_o almost_o continual_a flight_n a_o long_a and_o fork_a tail_n for_o the_o more_o ready_a and_o speedy_a turn_v their_o body_n
its_o rump_n breast_n and_o belly_n milkwhite_a under_o the_o chin_n the_o white_a be_v somewhat_o more_o sullen_a or_o obscure_a each_o wing_n have_v eighteen_o master-feather_n from_o the_o ten_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o follow_v have_v their_o tip_n broad_a and_o indent_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o body_n interior_a quil-feather_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v less_o fork_a than_o in_o the_o house-swallow_n the_o feather_n from_o the_o middle_n on_o each_o side_n be_v long_o in_o order_n the_o exterior_a than_o the_o interior_a almost_o by_o a_o equal_a excess_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o house-swallow_n the_o outmost_a feather_n of_o who_o tail_n as_o we_o say_v before_o exceed_v the_o next_o three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v the_o follow_v etc._n etc._n the_o length_n of_o the_o outmost_a feather_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o middlemost_a one_o and_o three_o quarter_n in_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o young_a of_o this_o kind_n we_o find_v no_o stone_n but_o many_o fly_n and_o beetle_n this_o bird_n build_v a_o round_a nest_n like_o the_o house-swallow_n and_o also_o of_o like_a matter_n yet_o not_o in_o chimney_n but_o in_o window_n under_o eve_n of_o house_n etc._n etc._n it_o differ_v moreover_o in_o that_o the_o house-swallow_n nest_n be_v like_o those_o of_o other_o bird_n semicircular_a and_o all_o open_a above_o but_o its_o nest_n be_v cover_v above_o a_o round_a hole_n only_o be_v leave_v open_a in_o the_o side_n by_o which_o the_o old_a one_o go_v in_o and_o out_o §._o iii_o the_o sand-martin_n or_o shore-bird_n hirundo_fw-la riparia_fw-la aldrov_n this_o bird_n be_v the_o least_o that_o we_o know_v of_o the_o swallow-kind_n be_v from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n no_o more_o than_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v small_a sharp_a flat_a black_a as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n half_a a_o inch_n long_o its_o tongue_n cleave_v its_o eye_n great_a its_o foot_n dusky_a at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o back-toe_n a_o few_o small_a feather_n grow_v else_o the_o leg_n be_v bare_a as_o far_o as_o the_o knee_n it_o be_v head_n neck_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a dun_a or_o mouse_n colour_n its_o chin_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o throat_n a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o mouse-dun_a encompass_n the_o neck_n the_o number_n of_o feather_n in_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o swallow_n but_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a than_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o back_n from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o last_o all_o of_o equal_a length_n the_o six_o next_o to_o the_o ten_o have_v their_o tip_n indent_v the_o middle_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n long_o the_o outmost_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a it_o build_v in_o the_o hole_n of_o river-bank_n lay_v five_o or_o six_o egg_n make_v its_o nest_n of_o straw_n bent_n etc._n etc._n within_o of_o feather_n on_o which_o it_o lay_v its_o eggs._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a martin_n in_o have_v no_o white_a upon_o the_o rump_n nor_o its_o foot_n feather_v as_o that_o have_v of_o this_o kind_a great_a number_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o market_n at_o valentia_n in_o spain_n to_o besold_a for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o kitchen_n where_o the_o fowler_n and_o country_n people_n call_v they_o butterfly_n papilion_n di_fw-fr montagna_n they_o be_v frequent_a also_o in_o holland_n and_o no_o less_o in_o england_n §._o iv._o the_o black_a martin_n or_o swift_n hirundo_fw-la apus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o big_a of_o all_o swallow_n we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v it_o have_v a_o great_a head_n a_o huge_a wide_a mouth_n but_o a_o very_a small_a black_a bill_n wherein_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o caprimulgus_fw-la churn-owl_n towards_o the_o nostril_n broad_a and_o depress_v it_o be_v tongue_n be_v broad_a and_o somewhat_o cleave_v its_o nostril_n long_o place_v oblique_o obtuse_a towards_o the_o head_n acute_a towards_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n its_o eye_n great_a and_o their_o irides_fw-la of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n it_o have_v almost_o no_o variety_n or_o difference_n of_o colour_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n for_o as_o well_o the_o upper_a as_o the_o low_a side_n and_o also_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n be_v black_a with_o a_o obscure_a tincture_n of_o green_a or_o red_a only_o under_o the_o chin_n be_v a_o notable_a spot_n of_o white_a or_o ash-colour_n it_o have_v in_o each_o wing_n eighteen_o quil-feather_n all_o end_n in_o sharp_a point_n but_o especial_o the_o exterior_a one_o the_o tail_n be_v about_o a_o hand-breadth_n long_o consist_v of_o but_o ten_o feather_n from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o outmost_a in_o order_n one_o long_o than_o another_o end_v all_o in_o sharp_a point_n its_o leg_n be_v very_o short_a but_o thick_a its_o foot_n very_o small_a all_o its_o toe_n stand_v forward_o for_o the_o least_o which_o in_o other_o be_v wont_a to_o stand_v backward_o be_v in_o this_o place_v the_o same_o way_n with_o the_o rest_n the_o least_o toe_n have_v as_o in_o other_o bird_n one_o bone_n the_o other_o three_o contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o other_o that_o we_o know_v beside_o it_o have_v all_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o bone_n or_o joint_n viz._n only_a two_o the_o one_o very_o short_a the_o other_o long_o the_o toe_n also_o be_v all_o divide_v from_o the_o very_a rise_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v little_a the_o stomach_n not_o very_o fleshy_a out_o of_o which_o dislect_v we_o take_v beetle_n and_o other_o infect_v they_o say_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o its_o wing_n and_o shortness_n of_o its_o leg_n if_o it_o happen_v to_o alight_v or_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n it_o can_v raise_v itself_o up_o again_o but_o may_v easy_o be_v catch_v wherefore_o it_o do_v either_o always_o fly_v or_o sit_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o church_n tower_n or_o other_o ancient_a building_n it_o be_v weight_n be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n its_o length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o claw_n five_o inch_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n seven_o and_o a_o quarter_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v sixteen_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o this_o kind_n we_o have_v see_v the_o picture_n of_o one_o have_v its_o whole_a nether_a part_n throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n white_a and_o as_o we_o say_v before_o scaliger_n mention_n one_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o buzzard_n §._o v._o *_o aldrovandus_n his_o sea-swallow_n this_o bird_n in_o my_o judgement_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o family_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v rank_v with_o the_o aldrovandus_n lesser_a lari_n or_o seagull_n it_o be_v say_v aldrovandus_n much_o big_a than_o a_o swallow_n and_o have_v long_a leg_n it_o be_v whole_a belly_n up_o to_o the_o breast_n be_v white_a its_o head_n wing_n and_o back_o duskish_a its_o wing_n and_o tail_n as_o in_o swallow_n be_v very_o long_o and_o of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n but_o brown_a withinside_o it_o be_v tail_n be_v fork_v it_o be_v bill_n strong_a and_o black_a as_o in_o a_o gull_n its_o mouth_n mouth_n wide_a and_o of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n within_o from_o the_o bill_n through_o the_o eye_n almost_o to_o the_o breast_n be_v extend_v a_o notable_a black_a line_n which_o near_o the_o breast_n make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o collar_n the_o foot_n be_v as_o black_a as_o jet_v and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o less_o than_o a_o swallow_n for_o its_o likeness_n it_o be_v call_v by_o fowler_n the_o sea_n swallow_n §._o vi_o *_o the_o american_n swallow_n call_v by_o the_o brasilian_n tapera_n by_o the_o portague_n andorinha_n marggrav_fw-mi it_o be_v like_o our_o country_n swallow_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n and_o fly_v about_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o have_v a_o short_a broad_a black_a bill_n a_o wide_a mouth_n which_o it_o can_v open_v beyond_o the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n like_o the_o great_a ibijan_a elegant_a black_a eye_n long_a wing_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v of_o a_o good_a breadth_n its_o leg_n and_o foot_n like_o those_o of_o our_o country_n swallow_n all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o neck_n back_o wing_n and_o tail_n feather_n be_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n mingle_v with_o grey_a the_o belly_n be_v white_a as_o be_v also_o the_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n dusky_a this_o bird_n perchance_o may_v not_o differ_v specifical_o from_o our_o european_a black_a martin_n or_o swift_n for_o that_o as_o we_o before_o observe_v the_o european_a swift_n vary_v sometime_o in_o colour_n be_v find_v with_o a_o white_a
attentive_a and_o heedful_a will_v either_o have_v expect_v from_o those_o little_a creature_n or_o easy_o observe_v when_o i_o ask_v the_o host_n whether_o their_o tongue_n have_v be_v slit_v or_o they_o teach_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n he_o answer_v no_o whether_o he_o have_v observe_v or_o do_v understand_v what_o they_o sing_v in_o the_o night_n he_o likewise_o deny_v that_o the_o same_o say_v the_o whole_a family_n but_o i_o who_o can_v not_o sleep_v whole_a night_n together_o do_v greedy_o and_o attentive_o hearken_v to_o the_o bird_n great_o indeed_o admire_v their_o industry_n and_o contention_n one_o of_o the_o story_n be_v concern_v the_o tapster_n or_o house_n house-knight_n as_o they_o call_v they_o and_o his_o wife_n who_o refuse_v to_o follow_v he_o go_v into_o the_o war_n as_o he_o desire_v she_o for_o the_o husband_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v his_o wife_n as_o far_o as_o i_o understand_v by_o those_o bird_n in_o hope_n of_o prey_n that_o she_o will_v leave_v her_o service_n in_o that_o inn_n and_o go_v along_o with_o he_o into_o the_o war_n but_o she_o refuse_v to_o follow_v he_o do_v resolve_n either_o to_o stay_v at_o ratisbone_n or_o go_v away_o to_o nurenberg_n for_o there_o have_v be_v a_o earnest_n and_o long_a contention_n between_o they_o about_o this_o matter_n but_o as_o far_o as_o i_o understand_v no_o body_n be_v present_a beside_o and_o without_o the_o privity_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n and_o all_o this_o dialogue_n the_o bird_n repeat_v and_o if_o by_o chance_n in_o their_o wrangle_n they_o cast_v forth_o any_o unseemly_a word_n and_o that_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v suppress_v and_o keep_v secret_a the_o bird_n as_o not_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o modest_a and_o immodest_a honest_a and_o filthy_a word_n do_v out_o with_o they_o this_o dispute_n and_o wrangle_v the_o bird_n do_v often_o repeat_v in_o the_o night_n time_n as_o which_o as_o i_o guess_v do_v most_o firm_o stick_v in_o their_o memory_n and_o which_o they_o have_v well_o con_v and_o think_v upon_o the_o other_o be_v a_o history_n or_o prediction_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o emperor_n against_o the_o protestant_n which_o be_v then_o imminent_a for_o as_o it_o be_v presage_v or_o prophesy_v they_o seem_v to_o chant_v forth_o the_o whole_a business_n as_o it_o afterward_o fall_v out_o they_o do_v also_o with_o that_o story_n mingle_v what_o have_v be_v do_v before_o against_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n but_o i_o suppose_v those_o bird_n have_v all_o from_o the_o secret_a conference_n of_o some_o nobleman_n and_o captain_n which_o as_o be_v in_o a_o public_a inn_n may_v frequent_o have_v be_v have_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o bird_n be_v keep_v these_o thing_n as_o i_o say_v they_o do_v in_o the_o night_n especial_o after_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n when_o there_o be_v a_o deep_a silence_n repeat_v but_o in_o the_o daytime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v silent_a and_o seem_v to_o do_v nothing_o but_o 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as_o marggrave_n tell_v we_o and_o guaracyaba_n that_o be_v a_o sunbeam_n and_o guaracigaba_n that_o be_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o de_fw-fr laet._n it_o be_v common_a in_o almost_o all_o the_o hot_a country_n of_o america_n it_o be_v report_v say_v nierembergius_n that_o the_o powder_n of_o this_o bird_n take_v inward_o cure_v the_o fall_v sickness_n what_o i_o find_v in_o marggravius_n concern_v the_o tail_n of_o the_o first_o species_n viz._n that_o it_o consist_v of_o four_o feather_n i_o vehement_o suspect_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n either_o of_o the_o printer_n or_o of_o the_o author_n for_o in_o the_o tail_n of_o one_o that_o i_o examine_v i_o find_v the_o usual_a number_n of_o twelve_o feather_n chap._n xv._n slender-billed_n bird_n who_o tail_n be_v particoloured_a §._o i._o the_o fallow-smich_a in_o sussex_n the_o wheat-ear_n because_o the_o time_n of_o wheat-harvest_n they_o wax_v very_o fat_a call_v by_o the_o italian_n culo_fw-la bianco_n and_o by_o 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below_o the_o eye_n a_o black_a stroke_n be_v extend_v from_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o ear_n i_o find_v not_o this_o black_a line_n in_o the_o female_n both_o the_o quil-feather_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v all_o black_a beside_o the_o fringe_n or_o extreme_a edge_n which_o be_v white_a tincture_v with_o a_o sordid_a red_n the_o tail_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a have_v their_o upper_a half_a white_a the_o rest_n their_o low_a the_o other_o half_o be_v black_a moreover_o the_o tip_n and_o edge_n of_o they_o all_o be_v white_a in_o the_o hen_n the_o white_a take_v up_o but_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o feather_n the_o bill_n be_v slender_a straight_o black_a more_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o the_o mouth_n be_v black_a within_o the_o tongue_n black_a and_o cleave_a the_o aperture_n of_o the_o mouth_n great_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n 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yellow_a the_o bill_n indifferent_a long_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n the_o throat_n breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a light_o dash_v with_o yellow_a the_o tail_n towards_o the_o rump_n be_v yellow_a else_o black_a §._o ii_o the_o whin-chat_n under_o which_o also_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o anthus_n or_o florus_n of_o aldrovand_n in_o bigness_n it_o scarce_o exceed_v a_o wagtail_n the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n viz._n the_o back_n head_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a feville-mort_a colour_n variegated_a with_o black_a spot_n place_v in_o row_n if_o you_o heed_v each_o single_a feather_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o about_o the_o shaft_n be_v black_a the_o side_n of_o a_o feville-mort_a or_o dusky_a yellow_a the_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a the_o
pale_a red_a no_o other_o colour_n intercede_v the_o eye_n and_o bill_n for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n be_v great_a and_o this_o last_o whitish_a the_o tail_n be_v fork_v the_o foot_n yellowish_a adorn_v with_o transverse_a line_n almost_o of_o a_o flesh-colour_n the_o claw_n black_a pretty_a long_a and_o sharp_a §._o vii_o *_o the_o ring-sparrow_n of_o bellonius_fw-la and_o the_o small_a sparrow_n live_v about_o walnut-tree_n of_o the_o same_o author_n the_o first_o of_o these_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a sparrow_n as_o well_o in_o that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o diverse_a colour_n as_o because_o the_o spot_n which_o in_o that_o be_v black_a in_o this_o be_v yellow_a he_o call_v it_o ring_v torquatus_n because_o a_o white_a ring_n or_o wreath_n encompass_n the_o eye_n under_o the_o eyebrow_n moreover_o it_o be_v more_o cinereous_a than_o the_o common_a sparrow_n have_v a_o great_a voice_n and_o exceed_v it_o in_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n and_o bill_n it_o abide_v in_o wood_n build_v in_o the_o hollow_n of_o tree_n the_o other_o call_v friguet_n by_o the_o french_a be_v least_o of_o all_o have_v a_o very_a short_a thick_a black_a bill_n its_o foot_n leg_n head_n and_o wing_n like_o those_o of_o the_o wall-sparrow_n it_o build_v in_o tree_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o tail_v purple_a and_o black_a indian_a sparrow_n of_o aldrov_n book_n 15._o chap._n 28._o it_o have_v a_o tail_n five_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o ten_o very_a black_a feather_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v also_o coalblack_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o rump_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n yet_o the_o root_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o feather_n yellow_a the_o bill_n be_v pretty_a thick_a somewhat_o hook_v and_o sharp_a something_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o butcher-bird_n black_a above_o beneath_o where_o it_o grow_v to_o the_o head_n white_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n i_o know_v not_o for_o they_o be_v want_v in_o the_o case_n communicate_v to_o i_o but_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o it_o have_v black_a one_o §._o ix_o *_o the_o tijepiranga_n of_o brasil_n or_o american_n sparrow_n marggrave_n it_o be_v a_o little_o big_a than_o a_o lark_n and_o sing_v like_o our_o common_a sparrow_n it_o be_v whole_a body_n neck_n and_o head_n be_v of_o a_o delicate_a red_a or_o sanguine_a colour_n but_o the_o wing_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o shine_a black_a save_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o wing_n there_o be_v something_o of_o red_a mix_v therewith_o the_o leg_n be_v black_a below_o the_o knee_n bare_a of_o feather_n above_o cover_v with_o black_a feather_n the_o bill_n like_o a_o sparrow_n the_o upper_a chap_n black_a the_o nether_a black_a also_o towards_o the_o point_n but_o white_a towards_o the_o head_n the_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n black_a which_o she_o be_v sometime_o wont_a to_o ruffle_v up_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o sparrow_n all_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v black_a within_o red_a without_o yet_o so_o complicate_v that_o outward_o they_o appear_v whole_o red_a the_o tail_n be_v almost_o three_o inch_n long_o each_o foot_n have_v four_o toe_n and_o so_o dispose_v as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n there_o be_v find_v another_o sort_n of_o this_o bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o sparrow_n who_o whole_a body_n be_v cover_v with_o bluish_a ash-coloured_a feather_n but_o the_o wing_n approach_v something_o to_o a_o sea-green_a in_o the_o belly_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n or_o throat_n it_o be_v white_a or_o rather_o of_o a_o shine_a silver_n colour_n the_o leg_n be_v ash-coloured_a as_o be_v also_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v like_o a_o chaffinche_n each_o foot_n divide_v into_o four_o toe_n and_o those_o situate_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o bird_n §._o x._o *_o the_o long-tailed_a indian_a sparrow_n with_o a_o scarlet_a bill_n of_o aldrovand_n it_o be_v of_o equal_a bigness_n to_o our_o house-sparrow_n if_o you_o except_o the_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n it_o have_v a_o short_a thick_a bill_n of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n it_o be_v head_n be_v flat_a elevate_v near_o the_o neck_n blackish_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n incline_v to_o blue_a which_o also_o be_v see_v run_v downward_o through_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o wing_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n chief_o first_o that_o now_o mention_v second_o a_o white_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o figure_n three_o a_o black_a to_o which_o succeed_v four_a a_o yellowish_a colour_n next_o which_o be_v the_o quil-feather_n again_o black_a but_o cinereous_a within_o the_o throat_n low_a side_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a the_o tail_n be_v double_a as_o in_o the_o peacock_n and_o also_o of_o two_o colour_n the_o lesser_a which_o sustain_v the_o great_a be_v as_o it_o be_v its_o prop_n be_v white_a the_o great_a consist_v of_o four_o very_a narrow_a feather_n of_o nine_o inch_n long_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a black_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v spot_v of_o black_a and_o white_a the_o talon_n black_a and_o as_o in_o bird_n of_o prey_n very_o sharp_a and_o hook_a §._o xi_o *_o another_o indian_a long-tailed_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n book_n 15._o chap._n 23._o this_o be_v a_o exceed_a beautiful_a bird_n even_o fair_a than_o the_o former_a of_o the_o same_o bigness_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v blue_a its_o head_n also_o as_o in_o that_o flat_a but_o more_o elevate_v in_o the_o neck_n all_o black_a its_o eye_n also_o black_a encompass_v with_o a_o white_a circle_n and_o have_v a_o yellow_a iris_n its_o neck_n and_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n its_o belly_n and_o thigh_n white_a its_o wing_n back_o and_o tail_n black_a but_o a_o certain_a paleness_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o quil-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o long_a feather_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v two_o exceed_a long_a one_o viz._n five_o palm_n and_o very_o broad_a and_o a_o three_o first_o also_o broad_a but_o end_v in_o very_o slender_a filament_n be_v support_v by_o other_o small_a one_o the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v white_a the_o claw_n black_a and_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_n notable_o sharp_a and_o hook_a §._o xii_o *_o a_o short-tailed_a indian_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n book_n 15._o chap._n 24._o this_o bird_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o two_o former_a all_o over_o black_a which_o colour_n yet_o have_v i_o know_v not_o what_o kind_n of_o blue_a and_o violet_n gloss_n as_o be_v usual_o see_v to_o happen_v in_o deep_a black_n the_o bill_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o flesh-colour_n the_o claw_n black_a the_o eye_n also_o black_a but_o encompass_v with_o a_o white_a circle_n §._o xiii_o *_o the_o short-tailed_a italian_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n the_o bird_n say_v he_o which_o you_o see_v here_o delineate_v have_v a_o very_a short_a tail_n call_v passerino_n that_o be_v a_o little_a sparrow_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o the_o country_n about_o bologna_n it_o be_v whole_a body_n be_v of_o one_o colour_n viz._n yellowish_a yet_o its_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a than_o the_o other_o part_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a yellow_a §._o fourteen_o *_o the_o rumpless_a black_a and_o red_a indian_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n the_o whole_a body_n both_o above_o and_o underneath_o as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o most_o lovely_a shine_a scarlet_a colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v black_a but_o yet_o if_o their_o feather_n be_v spread_v out_o something_o of_o white_a appear_v in_o their_o side_n the_o foot_n also_o be_v black_a moreover_o it_o have_v along_o the_o back_n two_o oblong_v black_a spot_n almost_o contiguous_a the_o bill_n for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o body_n small_a for_o it_o be_v a_o thick-bodied_n bird_n for_o its_o bigness_n and_o less_o also_o than_o in_o the_o common_a sparrow_n white_a where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o head_n else_o black_a sharp_a and_o slender_a it_o altogether_o want_v a_o rump_n §._o xv._n *_o the_o rumpless_a blue_a red_z and_o black_a indian_a sparrow_n of_o aldrovand_n this_o bird_n be_v long_a than_o the_o former_a but_o less_o corpulent_a and_o of_o three_o colour_n especial_o viz._n red_a blue_a and_o black_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n and_o all_o the_o low_a part_n be_v of_o a_o deep_a red_a colour_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v two_o large_a contiguous_a spot_n of_o a_o semilunar_a figure_n and_o scarlet_a colour_n the_o wing_n be_v very_o long_o black_a and_o blue_a about_o the_o side_n the_o leg_n short_a and_o black_a the_o bill_n a_o little_a crooked_a black_a but_o white_a near_o the_o forehead_n all_o these_o indian_a sparrow_n be_v to_o we_o unknown_a aldrovandus_n also_o himself_o see_v only_o the_o picture_n of_o they_o not_o the_o
the_o same_o colour_n with_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n the_o wing_n when_o close_v reach_v as_o far_o or_o further_o than_o the_o tail_n itself_o which_o be_v short_a of_o about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a or_o two_o inch_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o two_o middlemost_a darker_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o almost_o black_a the_o whole_a belly_n and_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n the_o breast_n in_o some_o spot_a or_o cloud_v with_o brown_a in_o other_o perhaps_o these_o be_v the_o male_n no_o spot_n appear_v yet_o the_o breast_n be_v dark_a than_o the_o belly_n and_o incline_v to_o red_a the_o blind_a gut_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a the_o stomach_n not_o very_o musculous_a these_o bird_n live_v upon_o the_o sandy_a shore_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o fly_v in_o flock_n we_o see_v many_o of_o they_o on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o cornwall_n chap._n x._o *_o the_o rotknussel_n of_o baltner_n rotkmillis_n or_o gallinula_n melampus_n of_o gesner_n 45._o aldrov_n the_o german_a name_n rotkmillis_n say_v gesner_n seem_v to_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o colour_n for_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o a_o red_a or_o russet_a colour_n with_o dusky_a spot_n in_o the_o neck_n and_o about_o the_o eye_n but_o kmillis_n i_o know_v not_o whence_o derive_v be_v a_o more_o common_a or_o general_a word_n since_o another_o water-hen_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v also_o call_v matkmillis_n we_o from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o leg_n have_v impose_v on_o it_o the_o name_n melampus_n which_o signify_v black-soot_n for_o there_o be_v no_o bird_n i_o know_v of_o this_o kind_n that_o have_v black_a foot_n the_o body_n be_v dusky_a with_o some_o spot_n of_o a_o sordid_a and_o dark_a colour_n the_o bill_n also_o be_v black_a the_o wing_n mark_v with_o black_a spot_n to_o this_o bird_n say_v aldrovand_n that_o which_o i_o here_o give_v you_o call_v by_o our_o fowler_n giarola_n a_o name_n common_a to_o many_o bird_n be_v very_o like_a if_o not_o the_o same_o for_o on_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n down_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v red_a sprinkle_v with_o brown_a and_o sometime_o also_o white_a spot_n its_o foot_n and_o leg_n be_v coalblack_a the_o small_a wing-feather_n be_v distinguish_v with_o cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o great_a one_o be_v black_a the_o bill_n be_v long_o and_o a_o little_a bend_n sharp_a at_o point_n the_o belly_n be_v white_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o red_a and_o curious_o spot_v with_o black_a spot_n the_o tail_n also_o be_v white_a but_o black_a at_o the_o end_n chap._n xi_o *_o matkneltzel_n of_o baltner_n gallinula_n erythra_n of_o gesner_n this_o bird_n the_o german_n call_v matkern_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n say_v gesner_n i_o know_v not_o i_o from_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o whole_a body_n have_v call_v it_o erythra_n but_o though_o almost_o the_o whole_a body_n i_o except_v the_o belly_n which_o be_v whitish_a with_o a_o faint_a tincture_n of_o red_a and_o the_o leg_n which_o be_v ash-coloured_a be_v red_a yet_o be_v that_o redness_n dark_a on_o the_o back_n and_o intercept_v with_o white_a spot_n bright_a in_o some_o of_o the_o wing-feather_n the_o long_a whereof_o approach_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o red_a ochre_n in_o the_o neck_n beneath_o be_v some_o white_a speck_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a not_o without_o somewhat_o of_o red_a short_a than_o in_o most_o other_o of_o this_o kind_n it_o be_v take_v among_o reed_n with_o snare_n it_o have_v a_o cry_n somewhat_o resemble_v the_o sound_n of_o fuller_n strike_v of_o wool_n leonard_n baltner_n describe_v his_o matkneltzel_n if_o at_o least_o it_o be_v the_o same_o bird_n with_o gesner_n matkern_n thus_o it_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a beautiful_a bird_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o claw_n it_o be_v a_o full_a strasburgh_n ell_n long_o it_o weigh_v six_o lot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o be_v three_o ounce_n a_o quarter_n for_o a_o lot_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ounce_n it_o gut_n be_v a_o ell_n long_o it_o frequent_v water_n and_o seek_v its_o meat_n in_o watery_a place_n the_o cock_n be_v adorn_v with_o beautiful_a feather_n like_o those_o of_o partridge_n and_o have_v pale-red_n foot_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o hen_n be_v less_o beautiful_a and_o their_o foot_n grey_a some_o also_o weigh_v thirteen_o lot_n and_o be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o these_o bird_n in_o figure_n magnitude_n and_o colour_n do_v very_o near_o resemble_v the_o female_a ruff_n which_o they_o call_v reeves_n whether_o they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o not_o let_v the_o virtuoso_n at_o strasburgh_n where_o they_o be_v find_v examine_v chap._n xii_o the_o north-country_n dunlin_n of_o mr._n johnson_n it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o jack-snipe_n or_o judcock_n have_v a_o straight_a channel_v black_a bill_n a_o little_o broad_a at_o the_o end_n oblong_v nostril_n a_o blackish_a tongue_n the_o throat_n and_o breast_n white_a spot_v with_o black_a the_o middle_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v blackish_a wave_v with_o white_a line_n the_o low_a belly_n and_o feather_n under_o the_o tail_n white_a all_o the_o upper_a side_n be_v red_a every_o where_o spot_v with_o pretty_a great_a black_a spot_n with_o a_o little_a white_a yet_o the_o wing_n from_o a_o caesio_n grey_a incline_v to_o a_o brown_a or_o dusky_a colour_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o long_a competent_a length_n and_o black_a the_o back-toe_n the_o short_a the_o tail_n consist_v of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v dusky_a brown_a with_o one_o or_o two_o red_a spot_n the_o rest_n from_o brown_a incline_v to_o white_a it_o get_v its_o food_n out_o of_o the_o mud_n the_o rotknussel_n or_o gallinula_n melampus_fw-la of_o gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o this_o bird_n chap._n xiii_o §._o i._o the_o stint_v which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o sea-lark_n schoeniclos_n seu_fw-la junco_n bellonii_fw-la a_o cinclus_n prio_fw-la aldrov_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o common_a lark_n or_o but_o very_o little_o less_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o body_n like_a to_o a_o snipe_n from_o bill_n to_o foot_n eight_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o slender_a black_a a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o like_a to_o a_o snipe_n bill_n the_o tongue_n extend_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n the_o foot_n dusky_a or_o blackish_a with_o a_o tincture_n of_o green_a the_o toe_n not_o join_v by_o any_o membrane_n the_o back-toe_n small_a the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n except_v the_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o first_o row_n of_o covert_n be_v grey_a or_o cinereous_a with_o black_a spot_n or_o line_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o each_o single_a feather_n the_o feather_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v a_o tincture_n of_o red_a mr._n willughby_n describe_v it_o a_o little_a different_o thus_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n be_v black_a the_o edge_n red_a or_o russet_a the_o neck_n be_v more_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n the_o back-feather_n of_o a_o gloss_n dark_a purple_a with_o red_a ash-coloured_a edge_n those_o on_o the_o rump_n of_o a_o light_a red_n with_o black_a line_n or_o stroke_n down_o their_o shaft_n the_o wing_n be_v long_o and_o when_o fold_v up_o reach_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o quil-feather_n of_o each_o wing_n twenty_o four_o of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n as_o far_o as_o they_o appear_v above_o the_o covert-feather_n for_o their_o bottom_n be_v white_a and_o the_o interior_a in_o order_n gradual_o more_o than_o the_o exterior_a to_o the_o nineteen_o which_o be_v almost_o whole_o white_a mr._n willughby_n in_o the_o bird_n he_o describe_v observe_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o second_o row_n of_o wing-feather_n to_o have_v be_v also_o white_a in_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o in_o the_o sanderling_n make_v together_o a_o white_a line_n across_o the_o wing_n yet_o narrow_a than_o in_o that_o the_o exterior_a edge_n of_o the_o five_o count_v from_o the_o outmost_a and_o of_o the_o subsequent_a to_o the_o eleven_o be_v white_a the_o four_o next_o the_o body_n be_v whole_o dusky_a and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o straighten_v into_o sharp_a point_n and_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v close_v reach_n almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n the_o tail_n be_v scarce_o two_o inch_n long_o not_o fork_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n of_o which_o the_o two_o middlemost_a be_v long_o than_o the_o rest_n sharp_a point_v also_o and_o darker-coloured_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a ash-colour_n without_o any_o cross_a line_n or_o bar_n only_o their_o outmost_a edge_n whitish_a all_o the_o
back-feather_n be_v black_a the_o tail_n and_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a ash-colour_n as_o in_o goose_n the_o end_n of_o the_o quil-feather_n black_a the_o tail_n be_v about_o seven_o inch_n long_o make_v up_o of_o twenty_o or_o twenty_o two_o feather_n of_o almost_o equal_a length_n save_v that_o the_o outmost_a be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o the_o middlemost_a each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o eight_o quil-feather_n the_o bill_n towards_o the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o lead-colour_n the_o end_n be_v yellowish_a the_o upper_a mandible_a broad_a and_o flat_a the_o nether_a as_o it_o be_v two_o long_a rib_n or_o spar_v join_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o thick_a yellow_a skin_n intercede_v which_o reach_v backward_o to_o the_o throat_n beyond_o the_o bill_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v a_o little_a knob_v or_o protuberance_n but_o the_o utmost_a tip_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v hook_v the_o nostril_n be_v situate_a at_o the_o base_a of_o the_o bill_n near_o the_o head_n above_o the_o cranny_n or_o furrow_n run_v along_o the_o length_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o in_o the_o soland-goose_n and_o be_v round_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a ash-colour_n or_o rather_o whitish_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o lead_n colour_n the_o shank_n bare_a above_o the_o knee_n all_o the_o four_o toe_n be_v webed_n together_o as_o aldrovand_n have_v right_o observe_v we_o see_v and_o describe_v this_o bird_n in_o the_o royal_a aviary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n near_o westminster_n the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n by_o his_o ambassador_n send_v to_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 166â—_n among_o other_o rarity_n present_v the_o king_n with_o two_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n franciscus_n stellutus_fw-la in_o a_o letter_n to_o animal_n jo._n faber_n at_o rome_n describe_v a_o pelecan_n he_o see_v at_o fabriano_n thus_o this_o bird_n be_v much_o big_a than_o the_o big_a goose_n yea_o equal_a to_o or_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n that_o which_o gesner_n describe_v weigh_v twenty_o four_o pound_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n the_o pound_n of_o aldrovand_n two_o one_o weigh_v eighteen_o pound_n the_o other_o twenty_o five_o of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n yet_o not_o pure_o white_a but_o cloud_v with_o something_o of_o dusky_a or_o red_a nor_o be_v this_o colour_n uniform_a all_o the_o body_n over_o for_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v dark_a than_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n its_o foot_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o toe_n join_v together_o by_o a_o membrane_n and_o a_o heel_n behind_o here_o by_o inadvertency_n i_o suppose_v stellutus_fw-la be_v mistake_v for_o all_o four_o toe_n be_v webed_n together_o the_o bill_n almost_o as_o long_o as_o one_o arm_n but_o not_o tooth_v the_o tip_n of_o the_o upper_a chap_n be_v bend_v downward_o with_o a_o hook_n like_o the_o claw_n of_o some_o bird_n i_o can_v not_o see_v any_o tongue_n neither_o can_v faber_n who_o see_v this_o same_o bird_n afterward_o at_o rome_n find_v the_o tongue_n though_o he_o search_v diligent_o for_o it_o but_o where_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v fix_v i_o observe_v certain_a perforate_a body_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n there_o stand_v up_o some_o feather_n elevate_v above_o the_o rest_n imitate_v a_o crest_n the_o bag_n which_o hang_v down_o under_o the_o bill_n and_o which_o make_v the_o pelecan_n great_o different_a from_o other_o bird_n be_v membranaceous_a which_o it_o sometime_o contract_n and_o draw_v up_o so_o to_o the_o bill_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o conspicuous_a other_o time_n it_o suffer_v to_o be_v so_o dilate_v as_o to_o receive_v and_o contain_v many_o faber_n say_v thirty_o pound_n of_o water_n the_o membrane_n be_v so_o stretch_v and_o distend_v that_o it_o appear_v transparent_a many_o fibre_n and_o vein_n run_v up_o and_o down_o through_o it_o i_o wonder_v most_o they_o be_v faber_n word_n when_o the_o bill_n be_v open_v very_o wide_a i_o see_v the_o whole_a head_n of_o a_o man_n of_o great_a stature_n receive_v in_o that_o vast_a gulf_n of_o the_o bill_n craw._n in_o the_o head_n i_o discover_v two_o manifest_a but_o small_a hole_n reach_v to_o the_o brain_n which_o serve_v for_o smell_v want_v a_o tongue_n it_o must_v make_v that_o uncouth_a sound_n like_o the_o bray_n of_o a_o ass_n by_o the_o help_n of_o its_o larynx_n only_o i_o hear_v not_o this_o but_o the_o keeper_n of_o this_o bird_n that_o carry_v it_o up_o and_o down_o to_o show_v when_o he_o provoke_v it_o strike_v it_o on_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o bird_n seem_v angry_a and_o ready_a to_o peck_v or_o strike_v with_o its_o bill_n so_o that_o it_o will_v sometime_o catch_v hold_n of_o his_o hand_n it_o make_v a_o noise_n somewhat_o like_o the_o cry_n of_o a_o goose_n and_o that_o a_o small_a and_o hoarse_a one_o the_o noble_a lord_n jo._n carolus_n schaad_n relate_v to_o i_o that_o a_o great_a while_n since_o there_o be_v three_o pelecan_n shoot_v in_o the_o river_n danow_n run_v through_o bavaria_n two_o of_o which_o be_v kill_v the_o three_o bring_v alive_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n court_n where_o it_o live_v forty_o year_n it_o be_v much_o delight_v in_o the_o company_n and_o conversation_n of_o man_n and_o in_o music_n both_o vocal_a and_o instrumental_a for_o it_o will_v willing_o stand_v by_o those_o that_o sing_v or_o sound_v the_o trumpet_n and_o stretch_v out_o its_o head_n and_o turn_v its_o ear_n to_o the_o music_n listen_v very_o attentive_o to_o that_o sweet_a harmony_n though_o its_o own_o voice_n be_v say_v to_o be_v like_o the_o bray_n of_o a_o ass_n this_o confirm_v what_o we_o read_v in_o aldrovand_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o pelecan_n which_o be_v keep_v fifty_o year_n at_o mechlin_n and_o be_v very_o believe_v to_o be_v eighty_o year_n old_a thus_o far_o faber_n it_o be_v singular_a in_o this_o bird_n that_o its_o bone_n be_v pellucid_a solid_a without_o any_o marrow_n at_o all_o within_o and_o that_o the_o division_n of_o the_o windpipe_n into_o two_o branch_n be_v near_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o stomach_n which_o i_o never_o observe_v in_o any_o other_o bird_n say_v aldrovand_n this_o bird_n feed_v upon_o fish_n as_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o kind_n faber_n see_v it_o swallow_v two_o fresh_a hakes_n that_o weigh_v about_o four_o pound_n whole_a many_o of_o they_o frequent_v the_o river_n danow_n but_o breed_v not_o there_o bellonius_fw-la say_v he_o see_v flock_n of_o onocrotali_n in_o egypt_n olaus_n magnus_n write_v that_o they_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o northern_a country_n oviedus_fw-la report_n that_o there_o be_v often_o see_v a_o great_a flock_n of_o they_o about_o panama_n in_o the_o west_n indies_n where_o they_o breed_v on_o the_o adjacent_a rock_n and_o islandr_n there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o they_o likewise_o on_o the_o caspian_a sea_n of_o old_a time_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v frequent_v the_o coast_n of_o italy_n about_o ravenna_n for_o martial_a have_v it_o turpe_fw-la ravennatis_fw-la guttur_fw-la onocrotali_fw-la matthiolus_n make_v they_o very_o common_a in_o the_o seacoast_n of_o tuscany_n especial_o about_o the_o cape_n argentaro_n be_v frequent_o find_v about_o port_n hercole_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o urbicello_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v they_o agrotti_n what_o credit_n this_o deserve_v say_v faber_n i_o know_v not_o this_o i_o know_v that_o many_o of_o matthiolus_n his_o country_n man_n have_v scarce_o ever_o see_v so_o much_o as_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o onocrotalus_n which_o if_o they_o be_v so_o common_a there_o will_v not_o sure_o be_v account_v such_o strange_a thing_n as_o to_o be_v carry_v about_o to_o show_v at_o rome_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o italy_n chap._n ii_o the_o soland_n goose_n anser_n bassanus_n in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v by_o measure_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n thirty_o four_o inch_n long_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n thirty_o nine_o its_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a length_n for_o be_v extend_v their_o extreme_a tip_n be_v seventy_o two_o inch_n distant_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v long_o straight_o of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n a_o little_a crooked_a at_o the_o point_n have_v on_o each_o side_n not_o far_o from_o the_o hook_n a_o angular_a appendix_n or_o tooth_n like_o the_o bill_n of_o some_o rapacious_a bird_n beyond_o the_o eye_n the_o skin_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o head_n be_v bare_a of_o feather_n as_o in_o the_o cormorant_n the_o palate_n and_o all_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v black_a the_o slit_n of_o the_o mouth_n huge_a wide_a at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o hyoide_n upsilon-like_a bone_n be_v a_o very_a small_a tongue_n the_o ear_n of_o a_o mean_a size_n the_o eye_n hazel-coloured_n in_o another_o bird_n
ease_n and_o expedition_n under_o water_n than_o either_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n or_o upon_o the_o land_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v rise_v above_o water_n it_o hold_v up_o its_o head_n look_v about_o it_o and_o with_o wonderful_a celerity_n plunge_v itself_o under_o water_n again_o it_o can_v hardly_o raise_v itself_o up_o out_o of_o the_o water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v once_o get_v upon_o the_o wing_n it_o can_v hold_v out_o fly_v a_o long_a time_n the_o stomach_n of_o that_o we_o dissect_v be_v full_a of_o grass_n and_o weed_n bellonius_fw-la say_v that_o it_o feed_v most_o willing_o upon_o fish_n be_v roast_v it_o smell_v very_o strong_a both_o gesner_n and_o aldrovand_n describe_v two_o kind_n of_o small_a doucker_n but_o they_o differ_v so_o little_a one_o from_o the_o other_o that_o i_o suppose_v the_o diversity_n be_v rather_o in_o age_n or_o sex_n than_o in_o species_n chap._n iii_o whole-footed_n doucker_n with_o tail_n §._o i._o the_o great_a speckled_a diver_n or_o loon_n colymbus_n maximus_fw-la caudatus_fw-la mergus_n max._n farrensis_n five_o arcticus_n clus_o this_o be_v a_o singular_a kind_n of_o bird_n and_o as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o whole-footed_n bird_n with_o four_o fore-toe_n and_o with_o three_o in_o bigness_n it_o exceed_v a_o tame_a duck_n come_v near_o to_o a_o goose_n it_o be_v long-bodied_n have_v a_o round_a tail_n and_o a_o small_a head_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n next_o to_o the_o head_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n so_o thick_o set_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v big_a than_o the_o very_a head_n itself_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n viz._n the_o neck_n shoulder_n covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o whole_a back_o be_v a_o dark_a grey_a or_o dusky_a point_a or_o speckle_v with_o white_a spot_n thin_a set_v on_o the_o neck_n and_o thick_a on_o the_o back_n these_o white_a spot_n be_v big_a upon_o the_o long_a scapular_a feather_n and_o covert_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o small_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v white_a in_o a_o bird_n i_o see_v that_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o jarsey_n the_o head_n be_v black_a and_o also_o the_o neck_n which_o have_v a_o white_a or_o rather_o grey_a ring_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o inch_n and_o half_a broad_a consist_v of_o abundance_n of_o small_a white_a speck_n we_o count_v in_o the_o two_o outmost_a joint_a joint_n of_o each_o wing_n thirty_o quil-feather_n but_o they_o be_v short_a all_o black_a or_o of_o a_o dark_a brown_a it_o have_v a_o very_a short_a tail_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o duck_n make_v up_o of_o at_o least_o twenty_o feather_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v straight_o sharp_a like_o that_o of_o the_o guillem_n almost_o three_o inch_n long_o the_o upper_a mandible_a black_a or_o livid_n cover_v with_o feather_n to_o the_o very_a nostril_n reflect_v a_o little_a upward_o the_o nether_a be_v white_a the_o nostril_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n by_o a_o skin_n hang_v down_o from_o above_o it_o be_v whole-footed_n and_o have_v very_o long_a fore-toe_n especial_o the_o outmost_a the_o back-toe_n be_v very_o short_a and_o little_a its_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o mean_a length_n but_o flat_a and_o broad_a like_o the_o end_n of_o oar_n the_o exterior_a surface_n be_v brown_a or_o black_a the_o interior_a livid_n or_o pale-blue_a the_o claw_n broad_a like_o the_o nail_n of_o a_o man_n the_o leg_n in_o this_o bird_n be_v situate_a almost_o in_o the_o same_o plain_a with_o the_o back_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o walk_v unless_o erect_v perpendicular_o upon_o the_o tail_n it_o have_v no_o labyrinth_n upon_o the_o windpipe_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n and_o have_v a_o bladder_n to_o contain_v gall_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o craw_n the_o interior_a surface_n whereof_o be_v granulate_v with_o certain_a papillary_n glandule_n the_o throat_n be_v vast_a loose_a and_o dilatable_a the_o gut_n large_a especial_o towards_o the_o stomach_n the_o stomach_n less_o fleshy_a and_o musculous_a than_o in_o granivorous_a bird_n the_o bird_n describe_v be_v shoot_v on_o the_o river_n tame_n in_o warwickshire_n i_o have_v see_v four_o of_o they_o 1._o one_o at_o venice_n in_o italy_n 2._o one_o in_o yorkshire_n at_o dr._n hewleys_n shoot_v near_o cawood_n 3._o a_o three_o in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n 4._o a_o four_o in_o the_o house_n of_o my_o honour_a friend_n mr._n richard_n darley_n in_o london_n take_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o jarsey_n they_o differ_v something_o one_o from_o another_o in_o colour_n for_o some_o of_o they_o have_v a_o ring_n about_o their_o neck_n their_o back_n neck_n and_o head_n black_a and_o paint_v with_o little_a white_a line_n other_o want_v the_o ring_n and_o have_v the_o upper_a side_n of_o their_o body_n more_o ash-coloured_a or_o grey_a vary_v with_o white_a speck_n and_o not_o line_n perchance_o these_o be_v the_o hen_n those_o the_o cock_n §._o ii_o *_o gesner_n great_a doucker_n colymbus_n maximus_fw-la gesneri_fw-la in_o the_o lake_n of_o constance_n i_o hear_v there_o be_v take_v though_o but_o seldom_o a_o certain_a bird_n congenerous_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a but_o big_a than_o a_o goose_n call_v fluder_n from_o its_o uncouth_a flutter_a motion_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n for_o that_o it_o can_v neither_o fly_v well_o nor_o walk_v convenient_o unless_o it_o lean_v both_o upon_o foot_n and_o wing_n as_o do_v also_o the_o other_o doucker_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o leg_n so_o turn_v backward_o that_o it_o have_v a_o long_a sharp_a bill_n a_o loud_a shrill_a cry_n of_o a_o singular_a kind_n that_o it_o dive_v exceed_o deep_a so_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o take_v twenty_o yard_n deep_a under_o water_n viz._n with_o a_o net_n or_o a_o iron-hook_n bait_v with_o a_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v common_o sell_v for_o two_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a of_o silver_n a_o piece_n leonard_n baltner_n a_o fisherman_n of_o strasburgh_n describe_v this_o bird_n thus_o in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o goose_n its_o length_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v one_o strasburgh_n yard_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v bill_n from_o the_o point_n to_o the_o eye_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o leg_n from_o the_o claw_n to_o the_o feather_n that_o be_v the_o bare_a part_n ten_o inch_n the_o space_n of_o the_o wing_n extend_v two_o yard_n and_o a_o quarter_n the_o stomach_n small_a it_o feed_v upon_o fish_n the_o bill_n sharp_a the_o foot_n broad_a the_o toe_n webed_n together_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v cinereous_a and_o black_a the_o under-side_n white_a the_o tail_n three_o inch_n long_o it_o dive_v very_o far_o a_o pistol-shot_n before_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v flesh_n be_v commend_v for_o good_a meat_n and_o be_v of_o no_o unpleasant_a taste_n this_o bird_n if_o it_o be_v different_a from_o the_o above_o describe_v be_v i_o confess_v hitherto_o to_o i_o unknown_a mr._n johnson_n in_o his_o paper_n send_v we_o write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v a_o bird_n of_o this_o kind_n without_o any_o spot_n in_o its_o back_n or_o wing_n but_o yet_o think_v it_o not_o to_o differ_v specifical_o but_o accidental_o §._o iii_o *_o wormius_n his_o northern_a doucker_n call_v lumme_n it_o be_v common_a among_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n who_o in_o their_o own_o country_n language_n call_v it_o they_o lumme_n carolus_n clusius_n mention_n it_o in_o his_o auctarium_fw-la pag._n 367._o it_o be_v a_o elegant_a bird_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o duck_n with_o a_o black_a sharp_a bill_n two_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v head_n and_o neck_n be_v cover_v with_o grey_a cinereous_a feather_n end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o monk_n hood_n on_o its_o back_n it_o be_v back_o and_o wing_n be_v black_a sprinkle_v over_o with_o square_a spot_n of_o white_a which_o yet_o be_v big_a on_o the_o back_n than_o the_o wing_n under_o the_o neck_n be_v a_o square_n oblong_o black_a spot_n like_o to_o a_o shield_n five_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a compass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o feather_n variegated_a of_o black_a and_o white_a as_o with_o a_o fringe_n girdle_n the_o whole_a belly_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v white_a the_o leg_n be_v stretch_v forth_o beside_o the_o tail_n as_o if_o they_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o vent_n fit_v not_o so_o much_o for_o walk_v as_o for_o swim_v not_o slender_a but_o flat_a and_o broad_a each_o foot_n have_v three_o toe_n that_o be_v black_a and_o join_v together_o with_o black_a
between_o the_o wing_n be_v something_o crooked_a and_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o nail_n claw_n the_o feather_n of_o this_o bird_n be_v high_o esteem_v among_o the_o indian_n and_o prefer_v even_o before_o gold_n itself_o the_o long_a one_o for_o crest_n and_o other_o ornament_n both_o of_o the_o head_n and_o whole_a body_n both_o for_o war_n and_o peace_n but_o the_o rest_n for_o set_v in_o feather-work_n and_o compose_v the_o figure_n of_o saint_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o do_v as_o not_o to_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o most_o artificial_a picture_n draw_v in_o colour_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o also_o make_v use_n of_o and_o mingle_v and_o weave_v in_o together_o with_o these_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o hum_a bird_n these_o bird_n live_v in_o the_o province_n of_o tecolotlan_n beyond_o quauhtemallam_n towards_o honduras_n where_o great_a care_n be_v take_v that_o no_o man_n kill_v they_o only_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o pluck_v off_o their_o feather_n and_o so_o let_v they_o go_v naked_a yet_o not_o for_o all_o man_n indifferent_o but_o only_o for_o the_o lord_n and_o proprietor_n of_o they_o for_o they_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n as_o rich_a possession_n fr._n hernandez_n in_o some_o pretermitted_a annotation_n add_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o take_v these_o bird_n some_o thing_n worth_a the_o know_n the_o fowler_n say_v he_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o mountain_n and_o there_o hide_v themselves_o in_o small_a cottage_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o boil_a indian_a wheat_n and_o prick_v down_o in_o the_o ground_n many_o rod_n besmear_v with_o bird-lime_n wherewith_o the_o bird_n entangle_v become_v their_o prey_n they_o fly_v in_o flock_n among_o tree_n on_o which_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o sit_v make_v no_o unpleasant_a noise_n with_o their_o whistle_n and_o sing_v in_o consort_n they_o have_v by_o the_o instinct_n of_o nature_n such_o knowledge_n of_o their_o riches_n that_o once_o stick_v to_o the_o birdlime_n they_o remain_v still_o and_o quiet_a not_o struggle_v at_o all_o that_o they_o may_v not_o mar_v or_o injure_v their_o feather_n the_o beauty_n whereof_o they_o be_v so_o in_o love_n with_o that_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v and_o kill_v than_o by_o endeavour_v to_o get_v their_o liberty_n do_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v deface_v or_o prejudice_v they_o they_o be_v say_v to_o pick_v hole_n in_o tree_n and_o therein_o to_o build_v and_o breed_v up_o their_o young_a they_o feed_v upon_o worm_n and_o certain_a wild_a not_o pinnae_fw-la of_o that_o sort_n which_o the_o mexican_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v matzatli_n they_o love_v the_o open_a air_n nor_o have_v it_o be_v yet_o find_v that_o ever_o they_o will_v be_v keep_v tame_a or_o bring_v up_o in_o house_n they_o make_v a_o noise_n not_o much_o unlike_a parrot_n but_o they_o have_v a_o cheerful_a and_o pleasant_a whistle_n and_o they_o sing_v thrice_o a_o day_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o morning_n at_o noon_n and_o about_o sunset_n next_o to_o the_o quetzaltototl_n the_o tzinitzian_a be_v most_o esteem_v it_o be_v a_o small_a bird_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o a_o dove_n clothe_v with_o feather_n of_o many_o colour_n with_o which_o the_o native_n compose_v image_n and_o figure_n of_o wonderful_a subtlety_n and_o curiosity_n for_o from_o this_o artifice_n they_o be_v become_v know_v and_o famous_a all_o the_o world_n over_o these_o they_o use_v and_o make_v show_v of_o on_o feast_n day_n in_o war_n in_o their_o temple_n and_o public_a merriment_n and_o dance_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v short_a crooked_a and_o pale_a its_o head_n and_o neck_n like_o a_o dove_n but_o cover_v with_o green_a and_o shine_a feather_n it_o be_v breast_n and_o belly_n be_v red_a except_v that_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o tail_n for_o that_o be_v die_v with_o blue_a and_o white_a promiscuous_o it_o be_v tail_n green_a above_o and_o black_a underneath_o its_o wing_n partly_o white_a and_o partly_o black_a the_o iris_n of_o its_o eye_n be_v yellow_a but_o incline_v to_o scarlet_n the_o leg_n and_o foot_n cinereous_a it_o live_v in_o hot_a country_n near_o the_o southern_a ocean_n it_o be_v nourish_v up_o in_o cage_n and_o feed_v with_o fruit_n it_o be_v as_o beautiful_a and_o lovely_a a_o bird_n as_o any_o be_v but_o neither_o do_v it_o sing_v nor_o be_v its_o flesh_n that_o i_o know_v of_o good_a totoquestal_n also_o as_o antonius_n herrera_n write_v be_v a_o lesser-sized_n bird_n than_o a_o pigeon_n all_o over_o green_a the_o feather_n of_o its_o tail_n be_v very_o long_o high_o prize_v and_o a_o special_a commodity_n use_v in_o commerce_n it_o be_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o kill_v this_o bird_n wherefore_o they_o only_o pluck_v it_o and_o let_v it_o go_v of_o the_o thrush_n of_o chiappa_n and_o artisicer-sparrow_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o thrush_n find_v in_o chiappa_n which_o they_o call_v artisicer-sparrow_n they_o be_v black_a only_o on_o the_o breast_n and_o red_a on_o the_o head_n they_o feed_v only_o upon_o acorn_n with_o their_o bill_n they_o perforate_v the_o bark_n of_o pinetree_n and_o in_o each_o hole_n fit_o accommodate_v or_o stick_v in_o a_o acorn_n so_o that_o by_o the_o hand_n it_o can_v be_v pluck_v out_o and_o so_o very_o elegant_o set_v the_o pinetree_n round_o with_o acorn_n then_o stick_v to_o the_o bark_n with_o their_o foot_n they_o strike_v the_o a_o corn_n with_o their_o bill_n and_o devour_v the_o kernel_n of_o the_o long_a bird_n or_o hoitlallotl_n hoitlallotl_n or_o the_o long_a bird_n be_v more_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o its_o running_n than_o for_o its_o feather_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o also_o be_v a_o span_n long_o it_o be_v extend_v nine_o inch_n it_o be_v bill_n be_v black_a above_o cinereous_a underneath_o three_o inch_n long_o and_o moderate_o thick_a it_o be_v tail_n be_v green_a but_o with_o a_o purplish_a splendour_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n from_o white_a tend_v to_o fulvous_a but_o towards_o the_o tail_n from_o black_a to_o the_o same_o colour_n yet_o the_o feather_n on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o body_n be_v black_a sprinkle_v with_o white_a spot_n it_o fly_v near_o the_o ground_n and_o make_v but_o short_a slight_n but_o run_v so_o swift_o that_o it_o far_o exceed_v the_o speed_n of_o the_o fleet_a horse_n it_o live_v in_o hot_a country_n and_o yield_v no_o very_a desirable_a nourishment_n of_o indian_a quail_n those_o of_o new_a spain_n call_v quail_n colin_n these_o be_v like_o our_o country_n quail_n though_o they_o be_v without_o doubt_n to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o kind_n of_o partridge_n there_o be_v find_v many_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o new_a spain_n some_o brown_a and_o crest_a which_o they_o call_v quauhtzonecolim_n of_o a_o moderate_a bigness_n and_o a_o remarkable_a but_o mournful_a cry_n other_o brown_a in_o like_a manner_n but_o without_o crest_n and_o a_o little_a less_o other_o the_o big_a of_o all_o of_o a_o fulvous_a colour_n but_o their_o head_n vary_v with_o white_a and_o black_a the_o end_n extremis_fw-la of_o their_o wing_n and_o back_o white_a their_o bill_n and_o foot_n black_a they_o be_v all_o as_o i_o say_v like_o to_o the_o spanish_a quail_n very_o good_a and_o pleasant_a meat_n provide_v you_o kill_v they_o two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o they_o be_v roast_v and_o serve_v up_o physician_n allow_v sick_a person_n to_o eat_v of_o their_o flesh_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o fowl_n among_o the_o indian_n next_o to_o tame_a poultry_n who_o flesh_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o it_o either_o for_o wholsomness_n or_o taste_n they_o have_v a_o tune_n like_o our_o quail_n and_o some_o a_o more_o pleasant_a one_o than_o other_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o coop_v and_o feed_v either_o with_o common_a or_o indian_a wheat_n and_o be_v common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o country_n the_o same_o author_n fr._n hernandez_n of_o the_o coyolcozgue_n or_o sound_a quail_n in_o another_o place_n write_v thus_o it_o be_v one_o among_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o colin_n or_o mexican_n quail_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v single_o like_v to_o our_o quail_n for_o bigness_n note_n feed_v flight_n and_o condition_n but_o of_o a_o different_a colour_n above_o mingle_a of_o fulvous_a and_o white_a underneath_o only_a fulvous_n yet_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o neck_n be_v set_v with_o black_a and_o white_a feather_n which_o make_v seam_n or_o strike_v on_o each_o side_n from_o the_o neck_n to_o both_o eye_n the_o eye_n be_v black_a and_o the_o leg_n fulvous_a it_o be_v native_a of_o this_o country_n and_o frequent_a in_o the_o open_a field_n as_o be_v the_o common_a quail_n and_o yield_v a_o like_a nourishment_n come_v next_o to_o the_o spanish_a partridge_n of_o which_o it_o be_v
defend_v and_o shift_v for_o itself_o fly_v near_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o impetuous_o with_o great_a force_n and_o swiftness_n for_o two_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o pace_n and_o when_o it_o alight_v or_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n run_v so_o swift_o that_o scarce_o any_o man_n can_v overtake_v it_o it_o have_v only_o three_o toe_n in_o each_o foot_n like_o the_o bustard_n or_o plover_n the_o root_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n be_v red_a and_o as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a colour_n so_o join_v to_o the_o skin_n as_o in_o the_o bustard_n whence_o also_o we_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bustard_n for_o both_o but_o especial_o this_o be_v white_a under_o the_o belly_n but_o the_o back_n be_v variegated_a with_o three_o or_o four_o colour_n to_o wit_n a_o yellow_a tend_v to_o red_a with_o somewhat_o of_o cinereous_a and_o red_a intermix_v four_o wing-feather_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n have_v black_a tip_n under_o the_o bill_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o breast_n it_o be_v white_a a_o white_a collar_n near_o the_o crop_n compass_n the_o breast_n as_o in_o the_o savoy_n merulae_fw-la or_o water-ouzels_a but_o this_o collar_n appear_v not_o in_o bellonius_fw-la his_o figure_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o head_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a less_o than_o in_o the_o jonic_a attagen_fw-la the_o leg_n incline_v to_o cinereous_a he_o that_o desire_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o this_o bird_n let_v he_o imagine_v a_o quail_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pheasant_n but_o very_o much_o spot_v for_o just_a such_o be_v this_o field-duck_n all_o the_o interior_a part_n it_o have_v common_a with_o other_o granivorous_a bird_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o delicate_a bird_n and_o esteem_v as_o good_a meat_n as_o a_o pheasant_n it_o feed_v indifferent_o upon_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n as_o also_o upon_o ant_n beetle_n and_o fly_n and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o leaf_n of_o green_a corn_n and_o although_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o head_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o and_o herein_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o male_a and_o the_o female_a yet_o the_o back_n and_o wing_n never_o change_v colour_n this_o bird_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o dove_n or_o pigeon_n in_o general_n the_o mark_v common_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o pigeon_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o bird_n be_v not_o very_o many_o viz._n a_o peculiar_a figure_n of_o body_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o cuckoo_n short_a leg_n long_a wing_n swift_a flight_n a_o mournful_a voice_n to_o lay_v only_o two_o egg_n at_o one_o sit_v but_o to_o breed_v often_o in_o a_o year_n aldrovandus_n say_v it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o pigeon_n to_o wink_v with_o both_o eyelid_n they_o do_v not_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o bill_n for_o some_o have_v slender_a and_o indifferent_o long_a bill_n other_o thick_a and_o short_a one_o the_o foot_n of_o all_o at_o least_o so_o many_o as_o we_o have_v yet_o see_v be_v red_a or_o sanguine_a in_o the_o pigeon-kind_n the_o male_a and_o female_a divide_v between_o they_o the_o labour_n of_o incubation_n sit_v by_o turn_n the_o male_a also_o assist_v the_o female_a in_o feed_v and_o rear_v the_o young_a and_o for_o a_o internal_a note_n it_o be_v common_a to_o they_o to_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o pigeon_n §._o i._o the_o common_a wild_a dove_n or_o pigeon_n columba_n vulgaris_fw-la a_o female_a which_o we_o describe_v weigh_v thirteen_o ounce_n be_v in_o length_n from_o bill_n to_o tail_n thirteen_o inch_n in_o breadth_n twenty_o six_o it_o be_v bill_n be_v slender_a sharp-pointed_a and_o indifferent_o long_a like_v to_o that_o of_o a_o lapwing_n or_o plover_n above_o the_o nostril_n soft_a and_o white_a by_o the_o aspersion_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o furfuraceous_a substance_n else_o dusky_a the_o tongue_n neither_o hard_a nor_o cleave_v but_o sharp_a and_o soft_a the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o yellowish_a red_n the_o leg_n on_o the_o forepart_n feather_v almost_o to_o the_o toe_n the_o foot_n and_o toe_n red_a the_o talon_n black_a the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a blue_a the_o neck_n as_o it_o be_v diverse_o object_v to_o the_o light_n do_v exhibit_v to_o the_o beholder_n various_a and_o shine_a colour_n the_o crop_n be_v red_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n ash-coloured_a the_o back_n beneath_o a_o little_a above_o the_o rump_n be_v white_a which_o be_v a_o note_n common_a to_o most_o wild_a pigeon_n about_o the_o shoulder_n cinereous_a else_o black_a yet_o with_o some_o mixture_n of_o cinereous_a the_o number_n of_o prime_a feather_n in_o each_o wing_n be_v about_o twenty_o three_o or_o twenty_o four_o of_o these_o the_o outmost_a be_v dusky_a of_o the_o rest_n as_o much_o as_o be_v expose_v to_o sight_n black_a what_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o incumbent_a feather_n cinereous_a the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o ten_o first_fw-mi remiges_fw-la be_v of_o a_o dark_a cinereous_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o covert-feather_n almost_o to_o the_o body_n the_o tip_n and_o interior_a web_n as_o far_o as_o the_o shaft_n be_v cinereous_a the_o exterior_a black_a the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o wing_n pure_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v make_v up_o of_o twelve_o feather_n four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a the_o middle_n be_v somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o extreme_n the_o tip_n of_o all_o be_v black_a the_o two_o outmost_a below_o the_o black_a on_o the_o outside_n the_o shaft_n be_v white_a all_o the_o rest_n whole_o cinereous_a the_o low_a part_n be_v the_o dark_a the_o feather_n incumbent_a on_o the_o tail_n be_v cinereous_a it_o have_v a_o great_a craw_n full_a of_o gromil_n seed_n the_o blind_a gut_n be_v very_o short_a scarce_o exceed_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n it_o have_v as_o we_o say_v of_o pigeon_n in_o general_n no_o gallbladder_n and_o lay_v but_o two_o egg_n at_o a_o time_n this_o kind_n vary_v mumch_n in_o colour_n there_o be_v find_v of_o they_o ordinary_o milkwhite_a aldrovandus_n describe_v and_o figure_v many_o sort_n of_o tame_a pigeon_n which_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v tame_a or_o house_n dove_n be_v either_o of_o our_o country_n which_o have_v their_o foot_n either_o naked_a the_o great_a call_v tronfi_n and_o in_o english_a runt_n who_o description_n and_o figure_n you_o have_v t._n 2._o pag._n 462._o the_o lesser_a or_o most_o common_a t._n 2._o pag._n 463._o rough_a the_o great_a t._n 2._o pag._n 466_o the_o lesser_a crest_v t._n 2._o pag._n 469._o smooth-crowned_a t._n 2._o pag._n 467._o outlandish_a to_o wit_n frizzle_a pigeon_n t._n 2._o pag._n 470._o cyprus_n pigeon_n hood_v with_o their_o foot_n rough_a t._n 2._o pag._n 471._o bare_a of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a kind_n set_v forth_o p._n 472_o 473_o 474_o smooth-crowned_n call_v indian_a pigeon_n t._n 2._o pag._n 477._o candy_n pigeon_n have_v in_o the_o bill_n above_o where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o head_n a_o white_a tubercle_fw-la or_o wattle_v p._n 478_o persian_a or_o turkey_n pigeon_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n p._n 481._o varro_n stone_n or_o rock_n pigeon_n under_o the_o title_n of_o domestic_a which_o i_o have_v english_v tame_a or_o house_n dove_n he_o comprehend_v the_o common_a wild_a pigeon_n keep_v in_o dove-cote_n which_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o tame_a and_o wild_a §._o ii_o divers_a sort_n of_o tame_a pigeon_n 1._o the_o great_a tame_a pigeon_n call_v in_o italian_a tronfo_n &_o asturnellato_n in_o english_a a_o runt_n runt_n a_o name_n as_o i_o suppose_v corrupt_v from_o the_o italian_a tronfo_n though_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n what_o this_o italian_a word_n tronfo_n signify_v and_o consequent_o why_o this_o kind_n of_o pigeon_n be_v so_o call_v i_o be_o altogether_o ignorant_a some_o call_v they_o columbae_fw-la russicae_n russia-pigeon_n whether_o because_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o we_o out_o of_o russia_n or_o from_o some_o agreement_n of_o the_o name_n runt_v and_o russia_n i_o know_v not_o these_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o campania_n pigeon_n of_o pliny_n they_o vary_v much_o in_o colour_n as_o most_o other_o domestic_a bird_n wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o describe_v they_o by_o their_o colour_n in_o respect_n of_o magnitude_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o big_a and_o the_o lesser_a kind_n the_o great_a be_v more_o sluggish_a bird_n and_o of_o slow_a flight_n the_o same_o perchance_o with_o those_o gesner_n say_v he_o observe_v at_o venice_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o hen_n the_o lesser_a be_v better_a breeder_n more_o nimble_a and_o of_o swift_a flight_n