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in_o a_o direct_a line_n the_o six_o be_v william_n call_v the_o conqueror_n and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n anno_fw-la 1067._o but_o since_o the_o norvegian_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n their_o fury_n be_v so_o much_o abate_v and_o their_o spirit_n have_v be_v so_o quell_v that_o they_o be_v grow_v as_o cold_a as_o their_o climate_n instead_o of_o invade_v nation_n they_o be_v give_v to_o hospitality_n and_o far_o from_o turn_v pirate_n they_o be_v become_v great_a abhorrer_n of_o theft_n in_o short_a they_o have_v now_o the_o repute_n of_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o good_a harmless_a people_n without_o any_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n for_o which_o they_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o dane_n who_o by_o keep_v they_o low_o have_v not_o only_o take_v away_o their_o strength_n but_o their_o courage_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v say_v some_o of_o they_o be_v much_o give_v to_o witchcraft_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o expert_a in_o it_o as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o keep_v good_a 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waldemar_n iii_n king_n of_o denmark_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_a subject_n to_o this_o crown_n and_o though_o olaus_n the_o only_a son_n of_o aquin_n die_v without_o issue_n yet_o the_o norvegian_o like_v the_o dane_n so_o well_o that_o they_o never_o offer_v to_o assert_v their_o liberty_n but_o if_o their_o stomach_n serve_v they_o now_o to_o stir_v against_o the_o dane_n where_o be_v their_o strength_n to_o do_v it_o they_o be_v poor_a and_o only_o fit_a to_o live_v as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o entire_a submission_n to_o their_o prince_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o under_o he_o to_o his_o viceroy_n the_o lord_n guldenlew_v of_o the_o earldom_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n in_o germany_n in_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n possess_v the_o earldom_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o under_o it_o that_o of_o delmenhorst_n the_o earldom_n of_o oldenburg_n be_v a_o fine_a estate_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o westphaly_n so_o call_v from_o oldemburg_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o it_o and_o the_o head_n of_o this_o earldom_n it_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o german_a ocean_n northward_o and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o munster_n southward_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n eastward_o and_o east-friseland_n westward_n the_o soil_n hereof_o be_v exceed_o rich_a but_o in_o pasture_n especial_o which_o breed_v infinite_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o furnish_v not_o this_o country_n only_o but_o some_o of_o their_o german_a neighbour_n and_o many_o of_o the_o more_o northern_a nation_n with_o horse_n beef_n sheep_n swine_n butter_n and_o cheese_n here_o be_v also_o good_a store_n of_o pulse_n barley_n and_o oat_n plenty_n of_o fruit_n and_o tree_n of_o all_o sort_n large_a wood_n well_o store_v with_o venison_n and_o yield_v unto_o the_o gentry_n the_o delight_n of_o hunt_v but_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a cold_a in_o
winter_n and_o foggy_a nigh_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v the_o general_a character_n mercator_n and_o heylin_n give_v we_o of_o this_o country_n eastward_o it_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n weser_n which_o part_v it_o from_o the_o duchy_n of_o bremen_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o all_o germany_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o westward_o you_o will_v find_v the_o jade_n a_o river_n which_o at_o first_o be_v but_o a_o brook_n scarce_o worth_a the_o name_n it_o spring_v out_o of_o a_o pool_n or_o lake_n call_v the_o great_a mere_a and_o by_o the_o way_n part_v as_o it_o be_v the_o field_n from_o one_o another_o it_o swell_v with_o the_o water_n that_o run_v into_o it_o and_o so_o fall_v into_o the_o meers_n at_o last_o the_o bank_n break_v through_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o storm_n it_o drown_v all_o the_o low_a ground_n and_o make_v a_o great_a collection_n of_o water_n at_o the_o river_n mouth_n which_o make_v it_o look_v more_o like_o a_o gulf_n than_o a_o river_n on_o this_o shore_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o sad_a remainder_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o parish_n that_o perish_v in_o this_o flood_n the_o chief_a town_n hereof_o be_v oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n the_o first_o be_v scate_v on_o the_o river_n hont_n twenty_o five_o mile_n west_n of_o bremen_n and_o forty_o east_n of_o embden_n which_o river_n fall_v into_o the_o weser_n about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o oldenburg_n eastward_o the_o town_n itself_o be_v of_o no_o great_a state_n or_o beauty_n but_o the_o castle_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o oldenburg_n dwell_v be_v still_o a_o very_a good_a castle_n build_v of_o well-hewn_a stone_n of_o a_o orbicular_a form_n with_o deep_a ditch_n of_o water_n about_o it_o this_o be_v the_o castle_n which_o walpert_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o oldenburg_n build_v about_o the_o year_n 850_o call_v it_o from_o his_o wife_n alteburg_n alteburgum_n which_o by_o the_o german_n be_v turn_v into_o oldemburg_n delmenhorst_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o river_n delme_n on_o which_o it_o be_v situate_a about_o three_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o bremen_n it_o be_v a_o strong_a place_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o by_o otho_n brother_n of_o earl_n christian_n the_o second_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gerard_n earl_n hereof_o a_o prince_n of_o a_o unquiet_a spirit_n always_o in_o war_n and_o always_o worsted_n this_o place_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n have_v continue_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n about_o sixty_o four_o year_n it_o be_v sudden_o surprise_v on_o palm-sunday_n morning_n by_o anthony_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n anno_fw-la 1547_o and_o ever_o since_o that_o time_n delmenhorst_n have_v continue_v part_n of_o this_o estate_n here_o be_v also_o go_v from_o south_n to_o north_n the_o town_n of_o wardenburg_n ovelgune_n essensham_n and_o beckeren_n and_o upon_o a_o great_a sand_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o jade_n and_o the_o weser_n stand_v former_o mellum_n a_o strong_a castle_n that_o command_v both_o the_o say_a river_n build_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o a_o earl_n of_o oldenburg_n but_o at_o last_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v to_o this_o province_n be_v the_o earldom_n of_o jevern_n so_o call_v from_o jevern_n the_o chief_a place_n hereof_o this_o earldom_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o east_n friesland_n and_o to_o this_o day_n most_o geographer_n do_v still_o reckon_v it_o as_o part_v of_o that_o country_n where_o it_o lie_v easterly_a towards_o the_o sea_n the_o same_o be_v bequeath_v by_o the_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n of_o the_o lady_n mary_n countess_n of_o jevern_n to_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n but_o one_o of_o oldenburg_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o anthony_n the_o last_o earl_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n do_v inherit_v the_o patrimonial_a estate_n but_o the_o earldom_n of_o jevern_n fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o anthony_n sister_n child_n the_o princess_n of_o zerbst_n now_o to_o go_v far_o than_o we_o have_v do_v yet_o into_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o present_a royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o oldenburg_n from_o who_o it_o be_v descend_v the_o house_n of_o oldemburg_n fetch_v its_o pedigree_n as_o far_o as_o walpert_n a_o nephew_n of_o wittikind_n now_o wittikind_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o be_v vanquish_v by_o charles_n the_o great_a of_o france_n anno_fw-la 785_o be_v by_o he_o make_v of_o a_o king_n a_o duke_n of_o saxony_n but_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o walpert_a his_o nephew_n fail_v in_o frederick_n the_o seven_o earl_n the_o estate_n come_v to_o one_o elimar_n a_o cousin_n german_n of_o his_o by_o the_o father_n side_n from_o who_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n descend_v theodorick_n surname_v the_o fortunate_a the_o first_o earl_n of_o delmenhorst_n of_o this_o line_n he_o have_v two_o wife_n the_o first_o call_v adelais_n heiress_n of_o delmenhorst_n and_o the_o second_o hedwige_n daughter_n of_o gerard_n and_o sister_n of_o adolph_n of_o scawemburg_n earl_n of_o holstein_n and_o duke_n of_o south_n jutland_n etc._n etc._n the_o widow_n of_o balthasar_n duke_n of_o mecklemburg_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la 1440_o leave_v three_o son_n viz._n christiern_n maurice_n and_o gerard._n 1440._o christiern_n son_n of_o theodorick_n by_o his_o second_o wife_n hedwige_v sister_n and_o heir_n of_o gerard_n and_o adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswick_n and_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o this_o estate_n and_o enjoy_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1448._o when_o upon_o the_o recommendation_n of_o adolph_n his_o uncle_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o denmark_n he_o leave_v his_o estate_n in_o this_o earldom_n but_o still_o reserve_v the_o title_n to_o his_o brother_n gerard_n the_o better_a to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o his_o pretension_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswick_n and_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstem_n in_o which_o he_o pretend_v a_o share_n maurice_n bachelor_n of_o the_o sorbonne_n and_o canon_n of_o bremen_n marry_v in_o the_o year_n 1458_o and_o die_v anno_fw-la 1464_o have_v have_v three_o child_n who_o all_o die_v in_o their_o infancy_n 1448._o gerard_n the_o three_o son_n of_o earl_n theodorick_n be_v surname_v the_o valiant_a and_o may_v as_o well_o have_v be_v call_v in_o opposition_n to_o his_o father_n the_o unfortunate_a for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a anno_fw-la 1453._o he_o marry_v with_o adelais_n countess_n of_o tecklemburg_n by_o who_o he_o get_v five_o son_n and_o as_o many_o daughter_n those_o be_v gerard_n dieterick_n adolph_n otho_n and_o john_n gerard_n the_o father_n die_v in_o exile_n anno_fw-la 1500._o 1500._o john_n who_o succeed_v he_o marry_v in_o the_o year_n 1498._o to_o ann_n a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anhalt_n by_o who_o he_o get_v three_o son_n george_n christopher_n anthony_n and_o one_o daughter_n call_v ann_n marry_v to_o enno_n the_o second_o earl_n of_o east_n friesland_n john_n repair_v the_o ruin_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o settle_v the_o distraction_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n be_v then_o in_o exile_n 1526._o anthony_n the_o three_o son_n be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o brother_n prefer_v to_o the_o earldom_n he_o marry_v sophia_n duchess_n of_o saxen_a lawemburg_n by_o who_o he_o get_v two_o son_n john_n and_o anthony_n and_o three_o daughter_n ann_n catharine_n and_o claire_n this_o be_v the_o earl_n who_o by_o a_o sudden_a surprise_v recover_v delmenhorst_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o munster_n anno_fw-la 1547_o which_o he_o strong_o fortify_v 1573._o john_n son_n of_o anthony_n marry_v with_o elizabeth_n daughter_n of_o count_n schwartzburg_n by_o who_o he_o get_v two_o son_n and_o four_o daughter_n his_o son_n be_v john_n frederick_n who_o die_v in_o his_o infancy_n anno_fw-la 1580_o and_o anthony-gonty_a his_o daughter_n be_v 1._o catharine_n marry_v to_o augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n 2._o anna_n sophia_n 3._o mary-elizabeth_n 4._o magdalen_n the_o wife_n of_o rodolph_n of_o anhalt_n prince_n of_o zerbst_n this_o be_v the_o earl_n to_o who_o the_o countess_n of_o jevern_n in_o east_n friesland_n bequeath_v that_o country_n anthony_n gontier_n second_o son_n of_o earl_n john_n be_v his_o successor_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o nou._n anno_fw-la 1583_o marry_v in_o june_n 1634_o or_o 35._o sophia_n catharina_n daughter_n of_o alexander_n duke_n of_o holstein_n sunderburg_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1667._o at_o which_o time_n frederick_n the_o late_a king_n of_o denmark_n take_v possession_n of_o oldenburg_n as_o next_o heir_n to_o it_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o oldenburg_n let_v we_o now_o steer_v our_o course_n northward_o and_o see_v what_o dominion_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v
there_o beside_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o schetland_n and_o of_o feroe_n before_o i_o come_v to_o a_o description_n of_o these_o isle_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n in_o our_o way_n of_o the_o orcades_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o denmark_n they_o be_v call_v orcades_n by_o the_o ancient_n which_o we_o call_v now_o the_o orkney_n island_n situate_a north_n of_o scotland_n not_o far_o from_o cathness_n the_o most_o northern_a country_n of_o all_o that_o kingdom_n and_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o by_o some_o narrow_a strait_n they_o be_v in_o number_n thirty_o two_o but_o those_o of_o chief_a note_n eleven_o the_o king_n of_o notway_n hold_v these_o isle_n till_o the_o year_n 1266_o when_o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n surrender_v they_o up_o to_o alexander_n iii_o king_n of_o scotland_n which_o surrender_v some_o of_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v afterward_o ratify_v but_o the_o claim_n be_v final_o relinquish_v by_o christiern_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n on_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n margaret_n with_o king_n james_n iii_o anno_fw-la 1474._o and_o then_o some_o money_n be_v add_v to_o make_v good_a the_o contract_n without_o which_o the_o dane_n will_v not_o give_v up_o their_o claim_n to_o these_o island_n further_o northward_o about_o sixty_o mile_n lie_v the_o island_n of_o schetland_n and_o of_o feroe_n all_o of_o they_o still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o norway_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o isle_n of_o schetland_n lie_v north-east_n of_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o feroe_n northwest_o but_o the_o situation_n of_o these_o last_o be_v something_o further_o northward_o those_o be_v under_o the_o 61_o and_o 62_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n about_o 60_o league_n west_n of_o bergen_n in_o norway_n and_o forty_o north_n of_o scotland_n by_o cluverius_n sanson_n and_o other_o geographer_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o hemodes_n of_o the_o ancient_n one_o with_o another_o they_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o twenty_o six_o but_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o little_a rocky_a island_n uninhabited_a the_o main_a island_n and_o that_o which_o be_v worth_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v schetland_n otherwise_o hetland_n which_o give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a cluster_n but_o it_o go_v also_o like_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o orcades_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mainland_n it_o be_v a_o long_a but_o narrow_a island_n reach_v from_o south_n to_o north_n about_o sixty_o mile_n and_o sixteen_o where_o broad_a this_o island_n be_v not_o much_o inhabit_v but_o by_o the_o seaside_n because_o of_o fish_v which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n here_o southward_o there_o be_v high_a hill_n and_o northward_o there_o be_v another_o call_v renisfelt_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o be_v keep_v a_o great_a light_n for_o the_o use_n of_o mariner_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o very_o industrious_a so_o they_o be_v not_o much_o incline_v to_o vice_n it_o be_v seldom_o they_o drink_v any_o strong_a liquor_n to_o excess_n and_o when_o they_o do_v it_o be_v as_o rare_a to_o see_v one_o of_o they_o mad-drunk_a for_o quarrel_v do_v not_o attend_v their_o drink_v and_o perhaps_o this_o their_o temperancy_n as_o much_o as_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o air_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n make_v they_o to_o live_v so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v mercator_n make_v mention_n of_o one_o laurentius_n a_o native_a of_o this_o island_n who_o live_v in_o his_o time_n this_o man_n say_v he_o be_v above_o 100_o year_n of_o age_n be_v yet_o so_o vigorous_a that_o he_o marry_v a_o wife_n and_o when_o he_o be_v 140_o year_n old_a still_o he_o go_v with_o his_o boat_n a_o fish_n in_o a_o most_o unruly_a tempestuous_a and_o turbulent_a sea_n the_o great_a dispute_n among_o the_o learned_a be_v whether_o schetland_n or_o iseland_n be_v the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n thule_n which_o the_o poet_n do_v so_o often_o speak_v of_o as_o virgil_n tibi_fw-la serviat_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n and_o seneca_n nec_fw-la sit_fw-la terris_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n thule_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v report_v such_o strange_a thing_n of_o and_o some_o of_o they_o beyond_o all_o belief_n nulla_fw-la per_fw-la bruman_fw-mi dies_fw-la say_v pliny_n here_o be_v no_o day_n for_o all_o the_o winter_n with_o who_o agree_v solinus_n and_o many_o other_o as_o to_o that_o particular_a another_o say_v more_o than_o that_o nullum_fw-la ultra_fw-la eam_fw-la diem_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o beyond_o this_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o day_n in_o any_o place_n as_o if_o here_o have_v be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n and_o nature_n but_o pytheas_n in_o polybius_n go_v beyond_o they_o all_o when_o he_o say_v that_o in_o this_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o distinction_n of_o the_o element_n but_o a_o confuse_a mixture_n of_o all_o together_o like_o the_o primitive_a chaos_n of_o the_o poet_n according_a to_o these_o author_n it_o be_v neither_o schetland_n nor_o iseland_n that_o can_v be_v the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o such_o a_o place_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o know_v world_n but_o it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o remote_a place_n to_o be_v strange_o represent_v when_o all_o be_v do_v i_o be_o apt_a to_o be_v of_o dr._n heylins_n opinion_n who_o take_v schetland_n to_o be_v the_o thule_n for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o ptolemy_n place_n thule_n in_o the_o 63_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n who_o differ_v therein_o but_o in_o one_o degree_n or_o there_o about_o from_o the_o best_a of_o our_o modern_a map_n whereas_o iseland_n be_v so_o much_o further_a north_n that_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n pomponius_n mela_n place_n thule_n opposite_a to_o bergen_n in_o norway_n which_o situation_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o schetland_n but_o not_o iseland_n multae_fw-la sunt_fw-la say_v solinus_n circa_fw-la britanniam_fw-la insulae_fw-la è_fw-la quibus_fw-la thule_n ultima_fw-la there_o be_v many_o island_n about_o britain_n of_o which_o thule_n be_v the_o last_o or_o far_a off_o so_o that_o in_o his_o judgement_n thule_n must_v be_v one_o of_o the_o british_a isle_n which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o iseland_n insulas_fw-la quas_fw-la orcadas_n vocant_fw-la domuit_fw-la despecta_fw-la est_fw-la thule_n say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o agricola_n he_o subdue_v the_o island_n call_v orcades_n and_o make_v sleight_n of_o thule_n now_o iseland_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v kenned_a by_o any_o one_o of_o the_o orcades_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o 5_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o near_a of_o they_o and_o the_o truth_n be_v iseland_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v know_v unto_o the_o ancient_n that_o it_o be_v hardly_o know_v unto_o those_o of_o norway_n till_o about_o the_o nine_o century_n to_o which_o add_v gasper_n peucerus_n his_o observation_n that_o schetland_n be_v by_o some_o mariner_n call_v thylensel_n which_o include_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n after_o all_o these_o argument_n who_o can_v almost_o doubt_v but_o that_o schetland_n not_o iseland_n be_v real_o the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n but_o beside_o schetland_n or_o mainland_n there_o be_v two_o other_o island_n northeastward_a of_o a_o pretty_a bigness_n viz._n zell_n and_o wust_z by_o some_o call_v yell_n and_o vnst_n these_o island_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o constitution_n as_o those_o of_o feroe_n i_o shall_v not_o stay_v to_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a account_n of_o those_o of_o schetland_n but_o proceed_v to_o those_o of_o feroe_n which_o as_o wild_a as_o they_o be_v will_v find_v we_o more_o diversion_n and_o variety_n than_o far_o better_a country_n and_o therefore_o i_o intend_v to_o dwell_v here_o a_o while_n under_o the_o principal_a guidance_n and_o conduct_n of_o a_o danish_a author_n lucas_n jacobson_n debes_n master_n of_o art_n and_o provost_n of_o the_o church_n there_o a_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n of_o as_o great_a integrity_n the_o island_n of_o feroe_n lie_v westward_o from_o those_o of_o schetland_n and_o something_o more_o northward_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n thereof_o be_v at_o the_o south_n end_n 61_o degree_n 15_o minute_n and_o at_o the_o north_n end_n 62_o degree_n 10_o minute_n so_o that_o there_o be_v but_o little_a night_n in_o summer_n neither_o be_v the_o winter_n night_n so_o tedious_a long_o as_o one_o may_v imagine_v because_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la and_o diluculum_fw-la be_v something_o long_a here_o than_o elsewhere_o which_o take_v off_o much_o from_o the_o night_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n one_o may_v perceive_v something_o of_o the_o day_n at_o eight_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o at_o four_o a_o clock_n