which_o be_v enrich_v with_o the_o inflexion_n of_o word_n like_o the_o language_n we_o have_v in_o europe_n the_o term_n of_o religion_n and_o justice_n the_o name_n of_o office_n and_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o balie_n in_o this_o language_n they_o compose_v their_o best_a song_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v at_o least_o that_o some_o foreign_a colony_n have_v former_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o siam_n and_o have_v carry_v thither_o a_o second_o language_n but_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v concern_v all_o the_o country_n of_o india_n for_o like_o siam_n they_o all_o have_v two_o language_n one_o of_o which_o be_v still_o remain_v only_o in_o their_o book_n the_o siamese_n assert_v that_o their_o law_n be_v foreign_a religion_n what_o the_o siameses_n report_n concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o their_o law_n and_o religion_n and_o come_v to_o they_o from_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n which_o have_v perhaps_o 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they_o suspect_v indeed_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o some_o among_o they_o which_o have_v be_v at_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n that_o the_o balie_n language_n have_v some_o similitude_n with_o some_o one_o of_o the_o dialect_v of_o that_o country_n but_o they_o agree_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o balie_n language_n be_v know_v only_o among_o they_o the_o secular_a missionary_n establish_v at_o siam_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o language_n be_v not_o entire_o extinct_a by_o reason_n they_o see_v in_o their_o hospital_n a_o man_n come_v from_o about_o the_o cape_n of_o comorin_n who_o intersperse_v several_a balie_n word_n in_o his_o discourse_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v use_v in_o his_o country_n and_o that_o he_o have_v never_o study_v and_o know_v only_o his_o mother_n tongue_n they_o moreover_o aver_v for_o truth_n that_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o siumese_n come_v from_o those_o quarter_n because_o that_o they_o have_v read_v in_o a_o balie_n book_n that_o sommona-codom_a who_o the_o siamese_n adore_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n neighbour_n the_o siamese_n resemble_v their_o neighbour_n but_o set_v aside_o all_o these_o uncertainty_n the_o vulgar_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n like_v in_o its_o simplicity_n to_o those_o of_o china_n tonquin_n cochinchina_n and_o the_o other_o state_n of_o the_o east_n sufficient_o evince_n that_o those_o who_o speak_v it_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o genius_n with_o their_o neighbour_n add_v hereunto_o their_o indian_a figure_n the_o colour_n of_o their_o complexion_n mix_v with_o red_a and_o brown_a which_o correspond_v neither_o to_o the_o north_n of_o asia_n europe_n nor_o africa_n add_v likewise_o their_o short_a nose_n round_v at_o the_o end_n as_o their_o neighbour_n general_o have_v it_o the_o upper_a bone_n of_o their_o cheek_n high_a and_o raise_v their_o eye_n slit_v a_o little_a upward_o their_o ear_n large_a than_o we_o in_o a_o word_n all_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o indian_a and_o chinese_n physiognomy_n their_o countenance_n natural_o squeeze_v and_o bend_v like_o that_o of_o ape_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v in_o common_a with_o these_o animal_n as_o well_o as_o a_o marvellous_a passion_n for_o child_n for_o nothing_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o tenderness_n which_o the_o great_a ape_n express_v to_o their_o cub_n except_o the_o love_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v for_o all_o child_n whether_o for_o their_o own_o or_o those_o of_o another_o old_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n love_v child_n till_o 7_o or_o 8_o year_n old_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o be_v encompass_v with_o they_o and_o delight_n to_o educate_v they_o till_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n old_a after_o which_o as_o they_o lose_v the_o childish_a air_n they_o do_v also_o lose_v his_o favour_n one_o alone_o say_v some_o be_v there_o keep_v till_o between_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v still_o his_o favourite_n some_o do_v call_v he_o his_o adopt_a son_n other_o suspect_v he_o to_o be_v his_o bastard_n he_o be_v at_o least_o foster_n brother_n to_o his_o lawful_a daughter_n country_n that_o the_o siamese_n come_v not_o from_o far_o to_o inhabit_v their_o country_n but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o extreme_o low_a land_n of_o siam_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o escape_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v by_o miracle_n and_o that_o they_o lie_v annual_o under_o rain_n water_n for_o several_a month_n the_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o very_o incommodious_a infect_v which_o they_o engender_v and_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o climate_n under_o which_o they_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v difficult_a to_o comprehend_v that_o other_o can_v resolve_v to_o inhabit_v they_o except_v such_o as_o come_v thither_o by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o place_n adjacent_a and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o they_o have_v be_v inhabit_v not_o many_o age_n if_o a_o judgement_n may_v be_v make_v thereof_o by_o the_o few_o wood_n that_o be_v stub_a as_o yet_o moreover_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o travel_v more_o to_o the_o north_n of_o siam_n to_o find_v out_o the_o warlike_a people_n which_o can_v yield_v those_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o man_n which_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n to_o go_v and_o possess_v other_o and_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v stop_v on_o the_o road_n among_o some_o of_o those_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a people_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o country_n of_o the_o scythian_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o impassable_a river_n of_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o probable_a that_o the_o lesser_a siamese_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o great_a and_o that_o the_o great_a withdraw_v into_o the_o mountain_n which_o they_o inhabit_v to_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n under_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v three_o baly_n alphabet_n kià _fw-la keù̈_n keuà _fw-la koù̈a_o koüà _fw-it ké_v kê_fw-la quoth_fw-mi kaou_fw-la koum_fw-la kam_fw-mi karama_n quoth_fw-mi koüaÃ_n keva_fw-it reu_fw-fr reû_fw-fr leu_n leû_fw-fr ca_o kha_n kha_n go_v nga_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi ya_fw-mi thá_fw-fr than_z da_fw-mi na_fw-mi ta_o than_z tâ—a_o da_fw-mi na_fw-mi pa_z ppa_fw-la da_fw-mi i_o ca_o ra_fw-mi la_fw-fr va_fw-la ta_o ha_o la_fw-fr ang_fw-mi ka_o kaa_o ki_v ku_n kou_n koû_fw-fr ke_n kái_fw-it quoth_fw-mi káon_fw-gr kamÌ€_n ká_fw-fr ka-na_a ka_o nâ_fw-la kad-ni_a kard_n kanou_n kanou_n ka-ne_a kanai_n ka_o na_fw-mi ka_o naoÅ„_n kananǵ_n ka-na_a the_o siamese_n cipher_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o the_o siamese_n numeral_a name_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 20_o 30_o a_o smoke_v instrument_n which_o the_o modâ—â—_n of_o siamâ—do_n use_n aa_n a_o pipe_n of_o bambou_n 8_o or_o 9_o footlong_o the_o chinese-chese-boord_n 1_o the_o king_n 2_o the_o guards_z 3_o the_o elephant_n 4_o the_o knight_n 5_o the_o wagon_n 6_o the_o canon_n 7_o the_o pawn_n 8_o the_o river_n a_o musical_a instrument_n with_o the_o bell_n the_o chinese_n abacus_fw-la or_o arithmetical_a instrume_n nt_o or_o count_v they_o inhabit_v different_a quarter_n in_o the_o city_n or_o suburb_n of_o siam_n numerous_a the_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n not_o very_o numerous_a and_o yet_o this_o city_n be_v very_o little_o inhabit_v in_o respect_n to_o its_o bigness_n and_o the_o country_n much_o less_o in_o proportion_n it_o must_v be_v imagine_v that_o they_o desire_v not_o a_o great_a people_n for_o they_o count_v they_o every_o year_n and_o do_v well_o know_v what_o no_o person_n ignore_v that_o the_o only_a secret_a to_o increase_v they_o will_v be_v to_o ease_v they_o in_o the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n the_o siamese_n do_v therefore_o keep_v a_o exact_a account_n
only_o of_o a_o double_a cloth_n put_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cup_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o this_o gum_n mix_v with_o a_o colour_n which_o we_o call_v lacca_n or_o chinese_n varnish_v as_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v these_o cup_n last_v not_o long_o when_o too_o hot_a liquor_n be_v put_v therein_o marin-govins_a the_o marin-govins_a to_o return_v to_o the_o infect_v which_o we_o have_v begin_v occasional_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o marin-govins_a be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o our_o gnat_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o climate_n give_v they_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o chamois_n stocking_n defend_v not_o our_o leg_n against_o their_o sting_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v possible_a to_o know_v how_o to_o deal_v with_o they_o for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o european_n that_o have_v inhabit_v there_o for_o several_a year_n be_v not_o so_o mark_v with_o they_o as_o we_o be_v millepede_n the_o millepede_n the_o millepede_n or_o palmer_n be_v know_v at_o siam_n as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o america_n this_o little_a reptile_n be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o foot_n along_o its_o body_n all_o very_a short_a in_o proportion_n to_o its_o length_n which_o be_v about_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n what_o it_o have_v most_o singular_a beside_o the_o scale_n in_o form_n of_o ring_n which_o cover_v its_o body_n and_o which_o insert_v themselves_o one_o into_o the_o other_o in_o its_o motion_n be_v that_o it_o pinch_v equal_o with_o its_o head_n and_o tail_n but_o its_o sting_n though_o painful_a be_v not_o mortal_a a_o french_a man_n of_o that_o crew_n which_o go_v to_o siam_n with_o we_o and_o who_o we_o leave_v there_o in_o perfect_a health_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v sting_v in_o his_o bed_n above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n without_o dare_v to_o lay_v hold_n on_o the_o worm_n to_o relieve_v himself_o the_o siamese_n report_n that_o the_o millepede_n have_v two_o head_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o body_n and_o that_o it_o guide_v itself_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n with_o the_o one_o and_o six_o month_n with_o the_o other_o natural_a the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o thing_n natural_a but_o their_o history_n of_o animal_n must_v not_o easy_o be_v credit_v they_o understand_v not_o body_n better_o than_o soul_n and_o in_o all_o matter_n their_o inclination_n be_v to_o imagine_v wonder_n and_o persuade_v themselves_o so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o believe_v they_o as_o they_o be_v more_o incredible_a what_o they_o report_v of_o a_o sort_n of_o lizard_n name_v toc-quay_a proceed_v from_o a_o ignorance_n and_o credulity_n very_o singular_a they_o imagine_v that_o this_o animal_n feel_v his_o liver_n grow_v too_o big_a make_v the_o cry_n which_o have_v impose_v on_o he_o the_o name_n of_o toc-quay_a to_o call_v another_o insect_n to_o its_o succour_n and_o that_o this_o other_o insect_n enter_v into_o his_o body_n at_o his_o mouth_n eat_v the_o overplus_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o after_o this_o repast_n retire_v out_o of_o the_o toc-quay's_a body_n by_o the_o same_o way_n that_o he_o enter_v therein_o fly_n shine_v fly_n the_o shine_a fly_n like_o locust_n have_v four_o wing_n which_o do_v all_o appear_v when_o the_o fly_n take_v a_o flight_n but_o the_o two_o thin_a of_o they_o be_v conceal_v under_o the_o strong_a when_o the_o fly_n be_v at_o repose_n we_o hardly_o see_v these_o little_a animal_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rainy_a time_n be_v past_a when_o we_o land_v the_o north-wind_n which_o begin_v when_o the_o rain_n cease_v either_o kill_v they_o or_o drive_v they_o all_o away_o they_o have_v some_o light_n in_o their_o eye_n but_o their_o great_a splendour_n proceed_v from_o under_o their_o wing_n and_o glitter_v only_o in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o wing_n be_v display_v what_o some_o report_n therefore_o be_v not_o true_a that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v in_o the_o night_n instead_o of_o candle_n for_o though_o they_o have_v light_a enough_o what_o method_n can_v be_v contrive_v to_o make_v they_o always_o fly_v and_o keep_v they_o at_o a_o due_a distance_n to_o illuminate_v but_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v concern_v the_o infect_v of_o siam_n they_o will_v afford_v matter_n for_o large_a volume_n to_o know_v they_o all_o i_o shall_v say_v only_o that_o there_o be_v not_o few_o in_o the_o river_n and_o gulf_n water_n infect_v in_o the_o water_n than_o on_o the_o land_n and_o that_o in_o the_o river_n there_o be_v some_o very_a dangerous_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o rich_a man_n do_v bathe_v themselves_o only_o in_o house_n of_o bambou_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grain_n of_o siam_n rice_n be_v the_o principal_a harvest_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o their_o best_a nourishment_n rice_n rice_n it_o refresh_v and_o fatten_v and_o we_o find_v our_o ship_n be_v crew_n express_v some_o regret_n when_o after_o a_o three_o month_n allowance_n thereof_o they_o be_v return_v to_o biscuit_n and_o yet_o the_o biscuit_n be_v very_o good_a and_o well_o keep_v the_o siamese_n know_v by_o experience_n how_o to_o measure_v the_o water_n water_n the_o way_n of_o boil_v it_o in_o pure_a water_n fire_n and_o time_n necessary_a to_o the_o rice_n without_o burst_v the_o grain_n and_o so_o it_o serve_v they_o for_o bread_n not_o that_o they_o mix_v it_o with_o all_o their_o other_o food_n as_o we_o do_v bread_n when_o they_o eat_v flesh_n or_o fish_n for_o example_n they_o eat_v the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o without_o rice_n and_o when_o they_o eat_v rice_n they_o eat_v it_o separately_z they_o squeeze_v it_o a_o little_a between_o the_o end_n of_o their_o finger_n to_o reduce_v it_o into_o a_o paste_n and_o so_o they_o put_v it_o into_o their_o mouth_n as_o our_o poor_a do_v eat_v pottage_n the_o chineses_n do_v never_o touch_v any_o meat_n but_o with_o two_o small_a stick_v square_v at_o the_o end_n which_o do_v serve_v they_o instead_o of_o a_o fork_n they_o hold_v to_o their_o 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keep_v in_o cistern_n much_o high_o than_o these_o land_n but_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o care_n or_o expense_n or_o that_o the_o rice_n suffice_v for_o common_a use_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n only_o have_v wheat_n and_o perhaps_o more_o out_o of_o curiosity_n than_o a_o real_a gusto_n they_o call_v it_o kaou_fw-la possali_fw-la and_o the_o word_n kaou_fw-la simple_o signify_v rice_n now_o these_o term_n be_v neither_o arabian_a nor_o turkish_a nor_o persian_a i_o doubt_v of_o what_o be_v tell_v i_o that_o wheat_n be_v bring_v to_o siam_n by_o the_o moor_n the_o french_a which_o be_v settle_v there_o do_v import_n meal_n from_o surrat_n although_o near_a siam_n there_o be_v a_o windmill_n to_o grind_v corn_n and_o another_o near_a louvo_n in_o a_o word_n the_o bread_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v we_o be_v so_o dry_a siam_n wheaten_n bread_n too_o dry_a at_o siam_n that_o the_o rice_n boil_v in_o pure_a water_n how_o insipid_a soever_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o i_o i_o less_o wonder_v therefore_o at_o what_o the_o relation_n of_o china_n report_n that_o the_o sovereign_n of_o this_o great_a kingdom_n although_o he_o have_v bread_n do_v rather_o prefer_v rice_n yet_o some_o european_n assure_v i_o that_o the_o wheaten_a bread_n of_o siam_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o dryness_n of_o we_o must_v proceed_v from_o a_o little_a rice-flower_n which_o be_v doubtless_o mix_v with_o the_o wheat_n for_o fear_v perhaps_o lest_o the_o bread_n shall_v fail_v at_o siam_n i_o have_v see_v pease_n different_a from_o we_o the_o siamese_n like_o we_o grain_n other_o grain_n do_v make_v more_o than_o one_o crop_n but_o they_o make_v only_o one_o in_o a_o year_n upon_o the_o same_o land_n not_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o in_o my_o
other_o do_v great_o illustrate_v they_o i_o hope_v also_o that_o a_o pardon_n will_v be_v grant_v i_o for_o the_o siamese_n name_n which_o i_o relate_v and_o explain_v these_o remark_n will_v make_v other_o relation_n intelligible_a as_o well_o as_o i_o which_o without_o these_o illustration_n may_v sometime_o cause_v a_o doubt_n concern_v what_o i_o assert_v in_o a_o word_n those_o with_o who_o i_o be_o acquaint_v do_v know_v that_o i_o love_v the_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o sincere_a relation_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v true_a it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v clearness_n to_o sincerity_n and_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o that_o wherein_o we_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v other_o i_o have_v therefore_o consider_v interrogated_a and_o penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o to_o render_v myself_o more_o capable_a of_o do_v it_o i_o careful_o read_v over_o before_o my_o arrival_n at_o siam_n several_a ancient_n and_o modern_a relation_n of_o divers_a country_n of_o the_o east_n so_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o preparation_n have_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o a_o long_a residence_n and_o have_v make_v i_o to_o remark_n and_o understand_v in_o the_o three_o month_n i_o be_v at_o siam_n what_o i_o can_v not_o perhaps_o have_v understand_v or_o remark_v in_o three_o year_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o perusal_n of_o those_o discourse_n a_o map_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n part_n i._o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n chap._n i._o the_o geographical_a description_n navigation_n have_v sufficient_o make_v know_v the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o many_o author_n have_v describe_v they_o unknown_a how_o much_o this_o kingdom_n be_v unknown_a but_o they_o know_v almost_o nothing_o of_o the_o inland_a country_n because_o the_o siamese_n have_v not_o make_v a_o map_n of_o their_o country_n or_o at_o least_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_n that_o which_o i_o here_o present_a be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o european_a who_o go_v up_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o principal_a river_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v not_o skilful_a enough_o to_o give_v all_o the_o position_n with_o a_o entire_a exactness_n beside_o he_o have_v not_o see_v all_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o give_v his_o map_n to_o mr._n cassini_n director_n of_o the_o observatory_n at_o paris_n to_o correct_v it_o by_o some_o memorial_n which_o be_v give_v i_o at_o siam_n nevertheless_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v still_o defective_a but_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o give_v some_o notice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o and_o of_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o those_o we_o already_o have_v its_o frontier_n extend_v northward_o to_o the_o 22d._o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o northward_o its_o frontier_n northward_o and_o the_o road_n which_o terminate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n be_v almost_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 13_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a it_o follow_v that_o this_o whole_a extent_n of_o which_o we_o hardly_o have_v any_o knowledge_n run_v about_o 170_o league_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n reckon_v 20_o league_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o latitude_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o seaman_n the_o siamese_n do_v say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n be_v fifteen_o day_n journey_n more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o the_o frontier_n of_o their_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o most_o lake_n the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n and_o its_o lake_n between_o sixty_o and_o seventy_o league_n for_o they_o be_v journey_n by_o water_n and_o against_o the_o stream_n it_o be_v about_o thirty_o year_n since_o their_o king_n as_o they_o report_v take_v this_o city_n and_o abandon_v it_o after_o have_v carry_v away_o all_o the_o people_n and_o it_o have_v be_v since_o repeopled_a by_o the_o king_n of_o ava_n to_o who_o pegu_n do_v at_o present_a render_v obedience_n but_o the_o siamese_n which_o be_v at_o that_o expedition_n do_v not_o know_v that_o famous_a lake_n from_o whence_o our_o geographer_n make_v the_o river_n menam_n arise_v and_o to_o which_o according_a to_o they_o this_o city_n give_v its_o name_n which_o make_v i_o to_o think_v either_o that_o it_o be_v more_o distant_a than_o our_o geographer_n have_v conceive_v or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o lake_n it_o may_v also_o happen_v that_o this_o city_n adjoin_v to_o several_a kingdom_n and_o be_v more_o subject_a than_o another_o to_o be_v ruin_v by_o war_n have_v not_o always_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o this_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v build_v only_o with_o wood_n as_o all_o in_o these_o country_n be_v and_o which_o in_o their_o destruction_n leave_v not_o any_o ruin_n nor_o foundation_n however_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o menam_n spring_v from_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v so_o small_a at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n that_o for_o about_o fifty_o league_n it_o carry_v only_o little_a boat_n capable_a of_o hold_v no_o more_o than_o four_o or_o five_o person_n at_o most_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v bound_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o north_n by_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n valley_n the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o valley_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n by_o other_o which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n and_o ava_n this_o double_a chain_n of_o mountain_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o savage_a and_o poor_a but_o yet_o free_a people_n who_o life_n be_v innocent_a leave_v between_o they_o a_o great_a valley_n contain_v in_o some_o place_n between_o fourscore_o and_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o breadth_n and_o be_v water_v from_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n with_o a_o excellent_a river_n which_o the_o siamese_n call_v menam_a or_o mother-water_n to_o signify_v a_o great_a water_n which_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n it_o receive_v on_o every_o side_n from_o the_o mountain_n i_o have_v mention_v discharge_v itself_o at_o last_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n by_o three_o month_n the_o most_o navigable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o towards_o the_o east_n river_n city_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n on_o this_o river_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o bancok_n and_o i_o shall_v transient_o declare_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v very_o few_o habitation_n on_o their_o coast_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v almost_o all_o seat_v on_o river_n navigable_a enough_o to_o afford_v they_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o most_o of_o these_o place_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v call_v maritime_a they_o be_v disguise_v by_o foreigner_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o bancok_n be_v call_v fon_n in_o siamese_n it_o not_o be_v know_v from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o bancok_n be_v derive_v although_o there_o be_v several_a siamese_n name_n that_o begin_v with_o the_o word_n ban_n which_o signify_v a_o village_n bancok_n the_o garden_n of_o bancok_n the_o garden_n which_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o bancok_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o league_n in_o ascend_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n to_o a_o place_n name_v talacoan_v do_v supply_v this_o city_n with_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n love_v best_a i_o mean_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fruit._n menam_fw-la other_o city_n on_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o the_o menam_fw-la water_n be_v metac_a the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o north_n north-west_n and_o then_o successive_o tian-tong_n campeng_v pet_n or_o campeng_n simple_a which_o some_o do_v pronounce_v campingue_n laconcevan_n tchainat_n siam_n talacoan_n talaqueou_fw-mi and_o bancok_n between_o the_o two_o city_n of_o tchainat_n and_o siam_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n which_o the_o maeander_n of_o the_o river_n do_v render_v almost_o equal_a from_o each_o other_o the_o river_n leave_v the_o city_n of_o louvo_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n at_o the_o 14_o d._n 42_o m._n 32_o s._n of_o latitude_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n have_v publish_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v there_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o enjoy_v the_o diversion_n of_o hunt_v but_o louvo_n will_v not_o be_v habitable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o channel_n cut_v from_o the_o river_n to_o water_v it_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a render_v obedience_n to_o a_o hereditary_a lord_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o some_o call_v paya-tac_a
this_o author_n who_o seem_v to_o rely_v too_o much_o on_o his_o memory_n we_o may_v believe_v what_o he_o say_v that_o the_o elephant_n of_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o then_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n do_v so_o near_o approach_v the_o wall_n as_o with_o their_o trunk_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o palisadoe_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v there_o place_v to_o cover_v themselves_o it_o be_v latitude_n according_a to_o father_n thomas_n the_o jesuit_n be_v 14_o d._n 20_o m._n 40_o s._n and_o its_o longitude_n 120_o d._n 30_o m._n it_o have_v almost_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o purse_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o west_n the_o river_n meet_v it_o at_o the_o north_n by_o several_a channel_n which_o run_v into_o that_o which_o environ_n it_o and_o leave_v it_o on_o the_o south_n by_o separate_v itself_o again_o into_o several_a stream_n the_o king_n palace_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n on_o the_o canal_n which_o embrace_v the_o city_n and_o by_o turn_v to_o the_o east_n there_o be_v a_o causey_n by_o which_o alone_a as_o by_o a_o isthmus_n people_n may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n without_o cross_v the_o water_n the_o city_n be_v spacious_a consider_v the_o circuit_n of_o its_o wall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v enclose_v the_o whole_a isle_n but_o scarce_o the_o six_o part_n thereof_o be_v inhabit_v and_o that_o to_o the_o southeast_n only_o the_o rest_n lie_v desert_n where_o the_o temple_n only_o stand_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o stranger_n do_v considerable_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n the_o street_n thereof_o be_v large_a and_o straight_o and_o in_o some_o place_n plant_v with_o tree_n and_o pave_v with_o brick_n lay_v edgewise_o the_o house_n be_v low_a and_o build_v with_o wood_n at_o least_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o native_n who_o for_o these_o reason_n be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n most_o of_o the_o street_n be_v water_v with_o strait_a canal_n which_o have_v make_v siam_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o venice_n and_o on_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o small_a bridge_n of_o hurdle_n and_o some_o of_o brick_n very_o high_a and_o ugly_a name_n its_o name_n the_o name_n of_o siam_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o word_n which_o the_o portague_n of_o the_o indies_n do_v use_v and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v the_o original_a they_o use_v it_o as_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o name_n of_o pegu_n lao_n mogul_n and_o most_o of_o the_o name_n which_o we_o give_v to_o the_o indian_a kingdom_n be_v likewise_o national_a name_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v right_o we_o must_v say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o peguin_n laos_n mogul_n siams_n as_o our_o ancestor_n say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n in_o a_o word_n those_o that_o understand_v portuguese_a do_v well_o know_v that_o according_a to_o their_o orthography_n siam_n and_o siaom_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o by_o the_o similitude_n of_o our_o language_n to_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o say_v the_o zion_n and_o not_o the_o siams_n so_o when_o they_o write_v in_o latin_a they_o call_v they_o siones_n franc_n the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o siamese_n signify_v franc_n a_o map_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n a._n the_o city_n b._n the_o palace_n c._n the_o port_n d._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ship_n e._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ballon_n &_o galley_n f._n the_o street_n of_o the_o bazar_n g._n the_o seminary_n h._n the_o portuguese_a jacobins_n i._o the_o portugese_n jesuites_n k._n the_o dutch_a factory_a l._n the_o inclosur_n where_o the_o elephant_n be_v take_v m._n a_o house_n begin_v for_o the_o french_a ambassador_n 800_o french_a toise_n the_o bambou_n tree_n the_o arvore_fw-la de_fw-fr raiz_n a_o map_n of_o bancock_n a_o vessel_n of_o filigran_a a_o plaugh_n the_o arc_n kier_n as_o for_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v it_o si-yo-thi-ya_a the_o o_o of_o the_o syllable_n the_fw-mi being_n close_o than_o our_o dipthong_n a_o sometime_o also_o they_o call_v it_o crung_v the-papra_a maha_o nacon_n but_o most_o of_o these_o word_n be_v difficult_a to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v take_v from_o this_o baly_n language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o learned_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o always_o perfect_o understand_v i_o have_v already_o remark_v what_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o word_n pra_z that_o of_o maha_n signify_v great_a thus_o in_o speak_v of_o their_o king_n they_o style_v he_o pra_fw-la maha_n crassat_fw-la and_o the_o word_n crassat_n according_a to_o their_o report_n signify_v live_v and_o because_o the_o portague_n have_v think_v that_o pra_fw-la signify_v god_n they_o imagine_v that_o the_o siamese_n call_v their_o king_n the_o great_a live_a god_n from_o si-yo-thi_a ya_fw-mi the_o siamese_n name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n foreigner_n have_v make_v judia_n and_o odiaa_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o vincent_n le_fw-fr blanc_n and_o some_o other_o author_n do_v very_o ill_o distinguish_v odiaa_n from_o siam_n in_o a_o word_n the_o siamese_n of_o who_o i_o treat_v do_v call_v themselves_o tai_n no_o siameses_n two_o different_a people_n call_v siameses_n little_a siams_n there_o be_v other_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v altogether_o savage_a which_o be_v call_v tai_n yai_o great_a siams_n and_o which_o do_v live_v in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o several_a relation_n of_o these_o country_n i_o find_v a_o kingdom_n of_o siammon_n or_o siami_n but_o all_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o people_n thereof_o be_v savage_a in_o fine_a the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o common_a frontier_n of_o ava_n frontier_n other_o mountain_n and_o other_o frontier_n pegu_n and_o siam_n gradual_o decrease_v as_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o south_n do_v form_n the_o peninsula_n of_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o terminate_n at_o the_o city_n of_o sincapura_n separate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o which_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n form_n the_o famous_a straight_o of_o malaca_n or_o sincapura_n several_a river_n do_v fall_v from_o every_o part_n of_o these_o mountain_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o render_v these_o coast_n habitable_a the_o other_o mountain_n which_o rise_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o laos_n and_o extend_v themselves_o also_o towards_o the_o south_n do_v run_v gradual_o decrease_v till_o they_o terminate_v at_o the_o cape_n of_o camboya_n the_o most_o eastern_a of_o all_o those_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o cape_n that_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n begin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o this_o name_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o form_n of_o a_o horseshoe_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o gulf_n viz._n along_o the_o eastern_a coast_n to_o the_o river_n chantebon_n where_o the_o kingdom_n of_o camboya_n begin_v and_o opposite_a thereunto_o viz._n in_o the_o peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n it_o extend_v to_o queda_n and_o patana_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o malayan_o of_o which_o malaca_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o run_v about_o 200_o league_n on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o 180_o or_o thereabouts_o on_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n siam_n the_o coast_n of_o siam_n a_o advantageous_a situation_n which_o open_v unto_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n the_o navigation_n on_o all_o these_o vast_a eastern_a sea_n add_v that_o as_o nature_n have_v refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o port_n and_o road_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n which_o form_v the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n to_o the_o west_n it_o have_v therewith_o enrich_v that_o of_o siam_n which_o be_v opposite_a to_o it_o and_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o same_o gulf_n a_o great_a number_n of_o isle_n do_v cover_v it_o bengal_n isle_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o render_v it_o almost_o everywhere_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n beside_o that_o most_o of_o these_o isle_n have_v very_o excellent_a port_n and_o abundance_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o wood_n a_o invitation_n for_o new_a colony_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n affect_v to_o be_v call_v lord_n thereof_o although_o his_o people_n who_o be_v very_o thin_a in_o the_o firm_a land_n have_v never_o inhabit_v they_o and_o he_o have_v not_o strength_n enough_o at_o sea_n to_o prohibit_v or_o hinder_v the_o entrance_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n merguy_a the_o city_n of_o merguy_a
have_v often_o say_v that_o the_o indian_n do_v own_o the_o distinction_n of_o good_a or_o bad_a work_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o set_v down_o the_o principle_n of_o of_o their_o morality_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o indian_a moral_n precept_n five_o negative_a precept_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o five_o negative_a precept_n very_o near_o the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o canton_n of_o the_o indies_n those_o of_o the_o siamese_n be_v such_o as_o follow_v 1._o kill_v nothing_o 2._o steal_v nothing_o 3._o commit_v not_o any_o impurity_n 4._o lie_v not_o 5._o drink_v no_o intoxicate_a liquor_n which_o in_o general_a they_o call_v laou_fw-la seed_n the_o first_o precept_n extend_v to_o plant_n and_o seed_n the_o first_o precept_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o the_o kill_v either_o man_n or_o animal_n but_o it_o extend_v to_o plant_n and_o to_o seed_n because_o that_o by_o a_o very_a probable_a opinion_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v only_o the_o plant_n itself_o in_o a_o cover_n the_o man_n therefore_o observe_v this_o precept_n as_o they_o understand_v it_o can_v live_v only_o on_o fruit_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o consider_v the_o fruit_n not_o as_o a_o thing_n which_o have_v life_n but_o as_o a_o part_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o have_v life_n and_o which_o suffer_v not_o though_o its_o fruit_n be_v pluck_v in_o eat_v the_o fruit_n it_o be_v necessary_a only_o not_o to_o eat_v the_o kernel_n nor_o stone_n because_o they_o be_v seed_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a not_o to_o eat_v fruit_n out_o of_o season_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o my_o opinion_n before_o the_o season_n because_o that_o it_o be_v to_o make_v the_o seed_n which_o the_o fruit_n contain_v abortive_a by_o hinder_v it_o from_o ripen_v nature_n and_o to_o the_o not_o destroy_v any_o thing_n in_o nature_n beside_o this_o the_o precept_n of_o not_o kill_v extend_v to_o the_o not_o destroy_v any_o thing_n in_o nature_n by_o reason_n they_o think_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v animate_v or_o if_o you_o will_v that_o there_o be_v soul_n every_o where_o and_o that_o to_o destroy_v any_o thing_n whatever_o be_v forcible_o to_o dispossess_v a_o soul_n they_o will_v not_o for_o instance_n break_v a_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n as_o they_o will_v not_o break_v the_o arm_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n they_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v to_o offend_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o when_o once_o the_o soul_n have_v be_v expel_v out_o of_o a_o body_n they_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o destruction_n already_o wrought_v and_o think_v nothing_o to_o be_v destroy_v in_o nourish_v themselves_o with_o this_o body_n the_o talapoin_n make_v not_o any_o scruple_n of_o eat_v what_o be_v dead_a but_o of_o kill_v what_o they_o think_v alive_a murder_n in_o several_a thing_n they_o do_v more_o abhor_v blood_n than_o murder_n in_o several_a thing_n they_o testify_v a_o great_a abhorrence_n of_o blood_n than_o of_o murder_n it_o be_v prohibit_v they_o to_o make_v any_o incision_n from_o whence_o there_o gush_v out_o blood_n as_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v principal_o in_o the_o blood_n or_o that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o perhaps_o be_v a_o confuse_a remembrance_n of_o the_o ancient_a command_n of_o god_n who_o permit_v unto_o man_n the_o use_n of_o meat_n prohibit_v he_o from_o eat_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o animal_n because_o that_o the_o blood_n supply_v in_o they_o the_o place_n of_o the_o soul_n there_o be_v some_o indian_n which_o dare_v not_o to_o cut_v a_o certain_a plant_n because_o there_o come_v out_o a_o red_a juice_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o blood_n of_o this_o plant._n the_o siamese_n do_v scruple_n to_o go_v a_o fish_n only_o on_o the_o day_n when_o the_o talapoin_n shave_v their_o head_n this_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o they_o that_o when_o they_o fish_n they_o commit_v no_o crime_n by_o reason_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o guilty_a of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o fish_n they_o say_v they_o only_o pull_v they_o out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o shed_v not_o their_o blood_n the_o least_o evasion_n suffice_v they_o to_o elude_v the_o precept_n thus_o they_o think_v not_o to_o sin_n by_o kill_v in_o war_n because_o they_o shoot_v not_o direct_v at_o the_o enemy_n though_o at_o the_o bottom_n they_o endeavour_v to_o kill_v as_o i_o have_v already_o explain_v it_o discourse_v of_o their_o manner_n of_o fight_v but_o if_o any_o one_o tell_v they_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o metempsychosis_n indifferent_a the_o opinion_n of_o the_o metempsychosis_n favourable_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o unhappy_a if_o it_o render_v not_o all_o murder_n indifferent_a murder_v oftentimes_o appear_v laudable_a see_v that_o it_o may_v deliver_v a_o soul_n from_o a_o miserable_a life_n they_o answer_v that_o forcible_o to_o dispossess_v soul_n be_v always_o to_o offend_v they_o and_o that_o moreover_o they_o be_v not_o relieve_v because_o they_o re_fw-mi enter_v into_o the_o like_a body_n there_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n during_o which_o they_o be_v design_v for_o this_o sort_n of_o life_n but_o they_o consider_v not_o that_o this_o reason_n will_v also_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v no_o real_a injury_n in_o kill_v and_o the_o chinese_n who_o in_o this_o do_v think_v otherwise_o than_o the_o siamese_n do_v kill_v their_o child_n when_o they_o have_v too_o many_o and_o they_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v to_o make_v they_o spring_v up_o more_o happy_a thing_n to_o kill_v themselves_o appear_v to_o they_o a_o very_a laudable_a thing_n moreover_o all_o the_o indian_n do_v think_v that_o to_o kill_v themselves_o be_v not_o only_o a_o thing_n permit_v because_o they_o believe_v themselves_o master_n of_o their selve_o but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sacrifice_n advantageous_a to_o the_o soul_n and_o which_o acquire_v it_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o virtue_n and_o felicity_n thus_o the_o siamese_n do_v sometime_o hang_v themselves_o out_o of_o devotion_n on_o a_o tree_n which_o in_o balie_n they_o call_v pra_fw-la sa_fw-it maha_o pout_v and_o in_o siamese_n tun_n po_fw-la these_o balie_n word_n do_v seem_v to_o signify_v the_o excellent_a or_o the_o holy_a tree_n of_o the_o great_a mercury_n for_o pout_v signify_v mercury_n in_o the_o balie_n name_n of_o wednesday_n the_o european_n do_v call_v this_o tree_n the_o tree_n of_o the_o pagode_n because_o the_o siamese_n do_v plant_v it_o before_o the_o pagod_n it_o grow_v in_o the_o wood_n like_o the_o other_o tree_n of_o the_o country_n but_o no_o particular_a person_n can_v have_v thereof_o in_o his_o garden_n and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o wood_n that_o they_o make_v all_o the_o statue_n of_o sommona-codom_a which_o they_o will_v make_v of_o wood._n but_o in_o that_o zeal_n which_o sometime_o determine_v the_o siamese_n to_o hang_v themselves_o there_o be_v always_o some_o evident_a subject_n of_o a_o great_a distaste_n of_o life_n or_o of_o a_o great_a fear_n as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o prince_n himself_o the_o story_n of_o a_o peguin_n which_o burn_v himself_o it_o be_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n since_o a_o peguin_n burn_v himself_o in_o one_o of_o the_o temple_n which_o the_o peguin_n at_o siam_n have_v call_v sam-pihan_a he_o seated_z himself_o cross-legged_a and_o besmear_v his_o whole_a body_n with_o a_o very_a thick_a oil_n or_o rather_o with_o a_o sort_n of_o gum_n and_o set_v fire_n thereunto_o it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o be_v very_o much_o discontent_v with_o his_o family_n which_o nevertheless_o lament_v exceed_o about_o he_o after_o the_o fire_n have_v smother_v and_o roast_v he_o well_o his_o body_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o plaster_n and_o thereof_o they_o make_v a_o statue_n which_o be_v gild_v and_o put_v upon_o the_o altar_n behind_o that_o of_o the_o sommona-codom_a they_o call_v these_o sort_n of_o saint_n pra_z tian_n thou_fw-mi tian_n signify_v true_a thou_fw-mi signify_v certain_o behold_v then_o how_o the_o siamese_n understand_v the_o first_o precept_n of_o their_o moral_a law_n marriage_n the_o prohibition_n of_o impurity_n extend_v to_o the_o prohibition_n of_o marriage_n i_o have_v nothing_o particular_a to_o say_v upon_o the_o second_o but_o as_o to_o the_o three_o which_o prohibit_v all_o manner_n of_o uncleanness_n it_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o adultery_n but_o to_o all_o carnal_a commerce_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o woman_n and_o to_o marriage_n itself_o not_o only_o celibacy_n be_v among_o they_o a_o state_n of_o perfection_n but_o marriage_n be_v a_o state_n of_o sin_n either_o through_o that_o spirit_n of_o modesty_n which_o among_o all_o nation_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n and_o which_o seem_v therein_o to_o suppose_v a_o evil_a whereat_o they_o blush_v or_o through_o a_o general_a aversion_n to_o all_o natural_a indecency_n some_o
or_o prince_n of_o tac._n tian-tong_n be_v ruin_v doubtless_o by_o the_o ancient_a war_n of_o pegu._n campeng_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mine_n of_o excellent_a steel_n menam_n another_o river_n likewise_o call_v menam_n at_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n the_o menam_n receive_v another_o considerable_a river_n which_o come_v also_o from_o the_o north_n and_o be_v likewise_o call_v menam_n a_o name_n common_a to_o all_o great_a river_n our_o geographer_n make_v it_o to_o spring_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o chiamai_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o have_v its_o source_n in_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o north_n as_o this_o city_n it_o run_v first_o to_o mevang-fang_n then_o to_o pitchiai_n pitsanoulouc_n and_o pitchit_n and_o at_o last_o to_o laconcevan_n where_o it_o mix_v as_o i_o have_v say_v with_o the_o other_o river_n pitsanoulouc_n which_o the_o portuguese_n do_v corrupt_o call_v porselouc_n have_v former_o have_v hereditary_a lord_n like_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a and_o justice_n be_v at_o present_a execute_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a commerce_n fortify_v with_o fourteen_o bastion_n and_o be_v at_o 19_o degree_n and_o some_o minute_n latitude_n laconcevan_n stand_v about_o the_o midway_n from_o pitsanoulouc_n or_o porselouc_n to_o siam_n a_o distance_n compute_v to_o be_v twenty_o five_o day_n journey_n for_o those_o that_o go_v up_o the_o river_n in_o a_o boat_n or_o balloon_n but_o this_o voyage_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o twelve_o day_n when_o they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o rower_n and_o they_o ascend_v the_o river_n with_o speed_n wood._n city_n of_o wood._n these_o city_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o cabin_n frequent_o environ_v with_o a_o enclosure_n of_o wood_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o brick_n or_o stone_n wall_n but_o very_o rare_o of_o stone_n nevertheless_o as_o the_o eastern_a people_n have_v ever_o have_v as_o much_o magnificence_n and_o pride_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o language_n as_o simplicity_n and_o poverty_n in_o whatever_o appertain_v to_o life_n the_o name_n of_o these_o city_n do_v signify_v great_a thing_n tian-tong_n for_o instance_n signify_v true_a gold_n campeng_v pet_n wall_n of_o diamond_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o its_o wall_n be_v of_o stone_n mevang-fang_n the_o superstition_n of_o the_o siamese_n at_o mevang-fang_n and_o laconcevan_n signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o heaven_n a_o map_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n menam_fw-la from_o siam_n to_o the_o sea._n such_o another_o superstition_n prevail_v at_o a_o place_n name_v prabat_fw-la prabrat_n another_o superstition_n at_o prabrat_n about_o five_o or_o six_o league_n to_o the_o east-north-east_n of_o the_o city_n of_o louvo_n the_o superstition_n be_v this_o in_o the_o balie_n language_n which_o be_v the_o learned_a tongue_n of_o the_o siamese_n or_o the_o tongue_n of_o their_o religion_n bat_n signify_v a_o foot_n and_o the_o word_n pra_z of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a exact_o to_o render_v the_o signification_n signify_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n whatever_o may_v be_v conceive_v worthy_a of_o veneration_n and_o respect_n the_o siamese_n do_v give_v this_o title_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o they_o do_v also_o give_v it_o to_o sommona-codom_a to_o their_o king_n and_o some_o considerable_a officer_n the_o prabat_fw-la be_v therefore_o the_o print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n be_v what_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o a_o ill_a graver_n upon_o a_o rock_n but_o this_o impression_n contain_v about_o 13_o or_o 14_o inch_n in_o depth_n be_v five_o or_o six_o time_n as_o long_o as_o a_o man_n foot_n and_o proportionable_o as_o broad_a the_o siamese_n adore_v it_o and_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o elephant_n especial_o the_o white_a one_o the_o rhinoceros_n and_o all_o the_o other_o beast_n of_o their_o wood_n do_v likewise_o go_v to_o worship_v it_o when_o no_o person_n be_v there_o and_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o go_v to_o adore_v it_o once_o a_o year_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o gold_n and_o enclose_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o be_v there_o build_v they_o report_v that_o this_o rock_n which_o be_v now_o very_o flat_a and_o like_o a_o new_a mow_v field_n be_v former_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n which_o shrink_v and_o wax_v level_a on_o a_o sudden_a under_o the_o foot_n of_o sommona-codom_a in_o memory_n of_o who_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o foot_n do_v there_o remain_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a man_n that_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o tradition_n exceed_v not_o 90_o year_n a_o talapoin_n or_o religious_a siamese_n of_o that_o time_n have_v doubtless_o make_v this_o impression_n himself_o or_o procure_v it_o to_o be_v make_v and_o then_o feign_v to_o have_v miraculous_o discover_v it_o and_o without_o any_o other_o appearance_n of_o truth_n give_v reputation_n and_o credit_n to_o this_o fable_n of_o the_o level_a mountain_n now_o in_o all_o this_o the_o siamese_n be_v only_o gross_a imitator_n superstition_n the_o original_a of_o this_o superstition_n in_o the_o history_n of_o india_n it_o be_v relate_v with_o what_o respect_n a_o king_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n keep_v a_o ape_n tooth_n which_o the_o indian_n aver_v to_o be_v a_o relic_n and_o with_o what_o sum_v he_o endeavour_v to_o purchase_v and_o ransom_v it_o from_o constantine_n of_o brigantium_n than_o viceroy_n of_o the_o indies_n who_o have_v find_v it_o among_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o indian_n but_o constantine_n choose_v rather_o to_o burn_v it_o and_o afterward_o throw_v the_o ash_n into_o a_o river_n it_o be_v know_v likewise_o that_o in_o the_o same_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o the_o indian_n do_v call_v lanca_n and_o on_o a_o real_a mountain_n which_o be_v not_o level_v there_o be_v a_o pretend_a print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n which_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v in_o great_a veneration_n there_o it_o doubtless_o represent_v the_o left_a foot_n for_o the_o siamese_n report_n that_o sommona-codom_a set_v his_o right_a foot_n on_o their_o prabat_fw-la and_o his_o left_a on_o lanca_n although_o the_o whole_a gulf_n of_o bengala_n run_v between_o they_o the_o portuguese_n have_v call_v the_o print_n at_o ceylon_n adam_n foot_n be_v what_o the_o adam_n foot_n of_o ceylon_n be_v and_o believe_v that_o ceylon_n be_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n from_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o indian_n at_o ceylon_n who_o declare_v that_o the_o impression_n which_o they_o reverence_v be_v the_o print_n of_o the_o first_o man_n every_o one_o of_o these_o heathenish_a nation_n vigorous_o assert_v that_o the_o first_o man_n inhabit_v their_o country_n thus_o the_o chineses_n do_v call_v the_o first_o man_n puoncuò_n and_o believe_v that_o he_o inhabit_v china_n i_o say_v nothing_o of_o some_o other_o impression_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o be_v revere_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o indies_n nor_o of_o the_o pretend_a print_n of_o hercules_n foot_n mention_v by_o herodotus_n 82._o lib._n 4._o c._n 82._o i_o return_v to_o my_o subject_n chap._n ii_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n with_o a_o account_n of_o its_o metropolis_n siam_n other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o pegu_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o cambory_n and_o on_o the_o border_n of_o laos_n the_o town_n of_o corazema_n which_o some_o do_v call_v carissima_fw-la both_o very_a famous_a and_o in_o the_o land_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n above_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n and_o on_o the_o channel_n which_o have_v a_o communication_n from_o one_o river_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v two_o other_o considerable_a city_n socotai_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o pitchit_n and_o sanquelouc_n more_o to_o the_o north._n describe_v a_o country_n intersect_v with_o channel_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n describe_v the_o country_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o be_v inhabitable_a only_o near_o river_n the_o siamese_n have_v cut_v a_o great_a many_o channel_n and_o without_o have_v better_a memoir_n or_o notes_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o city_n seat_v thereon_o it_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o channel_n call_v by_o the_o siamese_n cloum_n that_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v not_o only_o become_v a_o island_n but_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o several_a island_n which_o render_v the_o situation_n thereof_o very_o singular_a the_o isle_n wherein_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v at_o present_a all_o enclose_v within_o its_o wall_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n if_o notwithstanding_o the_o continual_a mistake_n of_o
favour_n of_o those_o that_o love_n to_o reason_n on_o philosophical_a matter_n the_o siamese_n do_v not_o give_v many_o form_n to_o their_o land_n reap_v the_o time_n of_o plough_v and_o reap_v they_o till_o they_o and_o sow_v they_o when_o the_o rain_n have_v sufficient_o soften_v they_o and_o they_o gather_v their_o harvest_n when_o the_o water_n be_v retire_v and_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v yet_o remain_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o can_v go_v only_o by_o boat_n all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v overflow_v be_v good_a for_o rice_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ear_n always_o surmount_v the_o water_n and_o that_o if_o they_o increase_v a_o foot_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n the_o rice_n grow_v a_o foot_n also_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n but_o though_o it_o be_v aver_v that_o this_o happen_v sometime_o i_o can_v without_o much_o difficulty_n believe_v it_o in_o so_o vast_a a_o inundation_n and_o i_o rather_o conceive_v that_o when_o the_o inundation_n surmount_v the_o rice_n at_o any_o time_n it_o rot_v it_o they_o gather_v rice_n also_o in_o divers_a canton_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o rain_n do_v not_o overflow_v and_o this_o be_v more_o substantial_a better_o relish_v and_o keep_v long_o rice_n another_o sort_n of_o rice_n when_o it_o have_v grow_v long_o enough_o in_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v sow_o it_o be_v transplant_v into_o another_o which_o be_v prepare_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o overflow_v it_o as_o we_o do_v the_o salt_n marsh_n until_o it_o be_v thorough_o soft_a and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v high_a cistern_n or_o rather_o to_o keep_v the_o rain-water_n in_o the_o field_n itself_o by_o little_a bank_n make_v all_o round_a then_o they_o let_v the_o water_n go_v to_o feed_v the_o land_n level_v it_o and_o in_o fine_a transplant_v the_o rice-root_n one_o after_o the_o other_o by_o thrust_v they_o in_o with_o the_o thumb_n i_o be_o great_o incline_v to_o believe_v siamese_n the_o original_n of_o agriculture_n with_o the_o siamese_n that_o the_o ancient_a siamese_n live_v only_o upon_o fruit_n and_o fish_n as_o still_o do_v several_a people_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n husbandry_n have_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o chinese_n we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o china_n that_o it_o be_v ancient_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o annual_o first_o set_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o plough_n in_o this_o great_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o crop_n which_o his_o labour_n yield_v he_o he_o make_v the_o bread_n for_o the_o sacrifice_n the_o lawful_a king_n of_o tonquin_n and_o cochinchina_n together_o who_o be_v call_v the_o buado_n likewise_o observe_v this_o custom_n of_o first_o break_v up_o the_o land_n every_o year_n and_o of_o all_o the_o royal_a function_n this_o be_v almost_o the_o only_a one_o remain_v to_o he_o the_o most_o important_a be_v exercise_v by_o two_o hereditary_a governor_n the_o one_o of_o tonquin_n and_o the_o other_o of_o cochinchina_n who_o wage_n war_n and_o who_o be_v the_o true_a sovereign_n although_o they_o profess_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o bua_n which_o be_v at_o tonquin_n for_o their_o sovereign_n agriculture_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o siamese_n touch_v agriculture_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v former_o also_o set_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o plough_n on_o a_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n for_o about_o a_o age_n since_o and_o upon_o some_o superstitious_a observation_n of_o a_o bad_a omen_n he_o labour_v no_o more_o but_o leave_v this_o ceremony_n to_o a_o imaginary_a king_n which_o be_v purposely_o create_v every_o year_n yet_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o that_o of_o oc-ya-kaou_a or_o ocya_a of_o the_o rice_n he_o be_v mount_v upon_o a_o ox_n and_o ride_v to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o must_v plough_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a train_n of_o officer_n that_o be_v obedient_a to_o he_o this_o masquerade_n for_o one_o day_n get_v he_o wherewithal_o to_o live_v on_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o by_o the_o same_o superstition_n have_v deter_v the_o king_n themselves_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o ominous_a and_o unlucky_a to_o the_o person_n i_o suspect_v therefore_o that_o this_o custom_n of_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v plough_v by_o the_o prince_n come_v from_o china_n to_o tonquin_n and_o siam_n with_o the_o art_n of_o husbandry_n together_o it_o be_v politic_a and_o superstitious_a both_o together_o it_o may_v perhaps_o have_v be_v invent_v only_o to_o gain_v credit_n to_o husbandry_n by_o the_o example_n of_o king_n themselves_o but_o it_o be_v intermix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o superstition_n to_o supplicate_v the_o good_a and_o evil_a spirit_n who_o they_o think_v able_a to_o help_v or_o hurt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o oc-ya-kaou_a offer_v they_o a_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o open_a field_n of_o a_o heap_n of_o rice-sheave_n whereunto_o he_o set_v fire_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o occasional_o of_o their_o liquor_n potato_n their_o pulse_n and_o root_n the_o potato_n the_o siamese_n be_v not_o less_o addict_v to_o the_o manure_n of_o garden_n than_o to_o the_o plough_v of_o arable_a land_n they_o have_v pulse_n and_o root_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n different_a from_o we_o among_o the_o root_n the_o potato_n deserve_v a_o parcular_a mention_n it_o be_v of_o the_o form_n and_o size_n almost_o of_o a_o parsenep_n and_o the_o inside_n thereof_o be_v sometime_o white_a sometime_o red_a sometime_o purple_a but_o i_o never_o see_v any_o but_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v roast_v under_o the_o ash_n it_o eat_v like_o the_o chestnut_n the_o isle_n of_o america_n make_v it_o know_v to_o we_o it_o there_o frequent_o supply_v as_o some_o report_n the_o place_n of_o bread_n at_o siam_n i_o have_v see_v chibbol_n and_o no_o onion_n garlic_n turnip_n cucumber_n citrul_n water-melon_n parsley_n bawm_n sorrel_n they_o have_v no_o true_a melon_n nor_o strawberry_n nor_o raspberry_n nor_o artichoke_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o asparagus_n of_o which_o they_o do_v not_o eat_v they_o have_v neither_o sallory_n nor_o beet_n nor_o colewort_n nor_o coleflore_v nor_o turnip_n nor_o parsenep_n nor_o carrot_n nor_o leek_n nor_o lettuce_n nor_o chervil_a nor_o most_o of_o the_o herb_n whereof_o we_o compose_v our_o salad_n yet_o the_o dutch_a have_v most_o of_o all_o these_o plant_n at_o batavia_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o soil_n of_o siam_n will_v be_v proper_a thereunto_o it_o bear_v large_a mushroom_n but_o few_o and_o ill_o taste_v it_o yield_v no_o truffle_n not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o insipid_a and_o scentless_a kind_n which_o the_o spaniard_n do_v call_v criadillas_n de_fw-fr tierra_fw-es and_o which_o they_o put_v into_o their_o pot_n radish_n cucumber_n chibbol_n garlic_n radish_n the_o siamese_n do_v eat_v cucumber_n raw_a as_o they_o do_v throughout_o the_o east_n and_o also_o in_o spain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o their_o cucumber_n may_v be_v more_o wholesome_a than_o we_o see_v that_o vinegar_n do_v not_o harden_v they_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o and_o call_v they_o a_o kind_n of_o water-melon_n mr._n vincent_n inform_v i_o that_o a_o persian_a will_v eat_v 36_o pound_n weight_n of_o melon_n or_o cucumber_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n of_o these_o fruit_n to_o purge_v himself_o the_o chibbol_n garlic_n and_o radish_n have_v a_o sweet_a taste_n at_o siam_n than_o in_o this_o country_n these_o sort_n of_o plant_n do_v lose_v their_o rankness_n by_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o i_o easy_o believe_v what_o those_o who_o have_v experience_v it_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o the_o onion_n of_o egypt_n which_o the_o israelite_n so_o exceed_o regret_v flower_n flower_n i_o have_v see_v a_o great_a many_o tuberose_n in_o the_o garden_n of_o siam_n and_o no_o rose_n nor_o gillyflower_n but_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v plenty_n of_o gillyflower_n and_o few_o rose_n and_o that_o these_o flower_n have_v less_o scent_n here_o than_o in_o europe_n so_o that_o the_o rose_n have_v hardly_o any_o the_o jasmine_n be_v likewise_o so_o rare_a that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v none_o but_o at_o the_o king_n house_n we_o be_v present_v with_o two_o or_o three_o flower_n as_o a_o wonder_n they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o amaranthus_n and_o tricolors_n except_o these_o most_o of_o the_o flower_n and_o plant_n which_o adorn_v our_o garden_n be_v unknown_a to_o they_o but_o in_o their_o stead_n they_o have_v other_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o and_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a for_o their_o beauty_n and_o odour_n i_o have_v remark_v of_o some_o that_o they_o smell_v only_o in_o the_o night_n by_o
what_o they_o present_v you_o with_o both_o their_o hand_n and_o not_o to_o take_v with_o both_o hand_n what_o they_o receive_v from_o you_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v as_o concern_v the_o civility_n with_o which_o the_o siamese_n inspire_v their_o child_n although_o i_o have_v not_o exhaust_v this_o subject_a chap._n ix_o of_o the_o study_n of_o the_o siamese_n talapoin_n they_o put_v their_o child_n to_o the_o talapoin_n when_o they_o have_v educate_v their_o child_n to_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n old_a they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convent_n of_o talapoin_n and_o make_v they_o assume_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n for_o it_o be_v a_o profession_n which_o oblige_v not_o and_o which_o be_v quit_v at_o pleasure_n without_o disgrace_n these_o little_a talapoin_n be_v call_v nen_n they_o be_v not_o pensioner_n but_o their_o friend_n do_v daily_o send_v they_o food_n some_o of_o these_o nen_n be_v of_o a_o good_a family_n and_o have_v one_o or_o more_o slave_n to_o wait_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v teach_v principal_o to_o read_v to_o write_v and_o to_o cast_v account_n learn_v what_o they_o learn_v by_o reason_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o merchant_n and_o that_o all_o the_o siamese_n do_v exercise_v traffic_n they_o be_v teach_v the_o principle_n of_o their_o morality_n and_o the_o fable_n of_o their_o sommona-codom_a but_o no_o history_n nor_o law_n nor_o any_o science_n they_o likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o balie_n tongue_n which_o as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o declare_v be_v the_o language_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o law_n and_o few_o among_o they_o do_v make_v any_o progress_n therein_o if_o they_o do_v not_o a_o long_a time_n adhere_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o talapoin_n or_o if_o they_o enter_v not_o into_o some_o office_n for_o it_o be_v in_o these_o two_o case_n only_o that_o this_o language_n be_v useful_a to_o they_o they_o write_v the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n chinese_n the_o balie_n and_o siamese_n language_n compare_v with_o the_o chinese_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o write_v our_o language_n of_o europe_n in_o which_o they_o differ_v from_o most_o of_o the_o other_o asiatic_o who_o have_v ever_o write_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a and_o from_o the_o chineses_n also_o who_o draw_v the_o line_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o who_o in_o the_o range_a of_o the_o line_n in_o one_o page_n do_v put_v the_o first_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o successive_o towards_o the_o left_a they_o be_v different_a also_o from_o the_o chineses_n in_o that_o they_o have_v not_o like_o they_o a_o character_n for_o every_o word_n or_o even_o for_o every_o signification_n of_o a_o single_a word_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o writing_n may_v have_v no_o equivocation_n like_o the_o language_n the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n tongue_n have_v like_o we_o a_o alphabet_n of_o few_o letter_n of_o which_o be_v compose_v syllable_n and_o word_n moreover_o the_o siamese_n language_n participate_v great_o of_o the_o chinese_n in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o accent_n for_o their_o voice_n frequent_o rise_v above_o one_o four_o and_o in_o that_o it_o consist_v almost_o all_o of_o monosyllable_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o if_o one_o perfect_o understand_v it_o one_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o few_o word_n which_o it_o have_v of_o several_a syllable_n be_v either_o foreign_a or_o compose_v of_o monosyllable_n some_o of_o which_o be_v use_v only_o in_o these_o composition_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a similitude_n that_o be_v between_o these_o two_o language_n have_v the_o siamese_n and_o chinese_n language_n have_v no_o declension_n of_o word_n the_o balie_n have_v and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o balie_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v any_o declension_n or_o conjugation_n nor_o perhaps_o derivation_n which_o the_o balie_n have_v as_o for_o example_n the_o word_n which_o signify_v content_a may_v likewise_o signify_v contentment_n and_o that_o which_o signify_v good_a will_v signify_v well_o and_o bounty_n according_a to_o the_o various_a way_n of_o use_v they_o the_o place_v alone_o denote_v the_o case_n in_o noun_n and_o herein_o their_o disposition_n be_v hardly_o different_a from_o we_o and_o as_o to_o the_o conjugation_n the_o siamese_n have_v only_o four_o or_o five_o small_a particle_n which_o they_o put_v sometime_o before_o the_o verb_n and_o sometime_o after_o to_o signify_v the_o number_n tense_n and_o mood_n thereof_o i_o will_v insert_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o volume_n with_o the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n alphabet_n and_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o their_o whole_a grammar_n almost_o consist_v their_o dictionary_n be_v not_o less_o simple_a i_o mean_v figurative_a the_o siamese_n language_n not_o copious_a but_o very_o figurative_a that_o their_o language_n be_v not_o copious_a but_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o phrase_n be_v only_o more_o various_a and_o more_o difficult_a in_o cold_a country_n where_o the_o imagination_n be_v cold_a every_o thing_n be_v call_v by_o its_o name_n and_o they_o do_v there_o abound_v as_o much_o or_o more_o in_o word_n than_o in_o thing_n and_o when_o one_o have_v fix_v all_o these_o word_n in_o his_o memory_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o to_o speak_v well_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o hot_a country_n few_o word_n do_v there_o suffice_v to_o express_v much_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o briskness_n of_o the_o imagination_n employ_v they_o in_o a_o hundred_o different_a way_n all_o figurative_a take_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o method_n of_o speak_v siamese_n good_a heart_n signify_v content_a thus_o to_o say_v if_o i_o be_v at_o siam_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a they_o say_v if_o i_o be_v city_n siam_n i_o heart_n good_a much_o sii_n signify_v light_a and_o by_o a_o metaphor_n beauty_n and_o by_o a_o second_o metaphor_n this_o word_n sii_n be_v join_v with_o pak_n which_o signify_v mouth_n sii-pak_a signify_v the_o lip_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v the_o light_n or_o beauty_n of_o the_o mouth_n thus_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o wood_n signify_v a_o flower_n the_o son_n of_o the_o water_n imply_v in_o general_a whatever_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o water_n without_o it_o be_v fish_n as_o crocodile_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o aquatic_a infect_v and_o on_o other_o occasion_n the_o word_n son_n will_v only_o denote_v smallness_n as_o the_o son_n of_o the_o weight_n to_o signify_v small_a weight_n contrary_a to_o the_o word_n mother_n which_o in_o certain_a thing_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v greatness_n in_o short_a i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o word_n in_o this_o language_n that_o have_v resemblance_n to_o we_o except_v those_o of_o po_fw-la and_o i_o which_o signify_v father_n and_o mother_n in_o chinese_n fu_fw-la mu._n arithmetic_n arithmetic_n i_o proceed_v to_o arithmetic_n which_o after_o read_v and_o write_v be_v the_o principal_a study_n of_o the_o siamese_n their_o arithmetic_n like_o we_o have_v ten_o character_n with_o which_o they_o figure_v the_o nought_o like_o we_o and_o to_o which_o they_o give_v the_o same_o power_n as_o we_o in_o the_o same_o disposition_n place_v like_v we_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a unite_v ten_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o all_o the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o number_n ten._n the_o indian_a merchant_n be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o cast_v account_n and_o their_o imagination_n be_v so_o clear_a thereupon_o that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o can_v present_o resolve_v very_o difficult_a question_n of_o arithmetic_n but_o i_o suppose_v likewise_o that_o they_o do_v never_o resolve_v what_o they_o can_v resolve_v immediate_o they_o love_v not_o to_o trouble_v their_o head_n and_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o algebra_n table_n a_o instrument_n which_o serve_v the_o chinese_n for_o a_o abacus_fw-la or_o count_a table_n the_o siamese_n do_v always_o calculate_v with_o a_o pen_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o a_o instrument_n which_o resemble_v the_o abacus_fw-la and_o which_o f._n martinius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n intimate_v that_o they_o invent_v about_o 2600_o or_o 2700_o year_n before_o jesus_n christ_n however_o it_o be_v pignorius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr servis_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o instrument_n be_v familiar_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a slave_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o cast_v account_n i_o give_v the_o description_n and_o figure_n thereof_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n application_n the_o siameses_n not_o proper_a for_o study_n of_o application_n the_o study_n to_o which_o we_o apply_v ourselves_o in_o our_o college_n be_v almost_o absolute_o unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o such_o the_o essential_a character_n of_o
his_o child_n too_o 3_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v the_o tchaou-mevang_a some_o man_n to_o execute_v his_o order_n they_o accompany_v he_o everywhere_o and_o they_o row_v in_o his_o balloon_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v they_o kenlai_n or_o paint_a arm_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o pink_a and_o mangle_v their_o arm_n and_o lay_v gunpowder_n on_o the_o wound_n which_o paint_v their_o arm_n with_o a_o fade_a blue_n the_o portuguese_n do_v call_v they_o paint_a arm_n and_o officer_n and_o these_o paint_a arm_n be_v still_o use_v in_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n 4_o in_o the_o maritime_a government_n the_o tchaou-mevang_a sometime_o take_v custom_n of_o the_o merchant_n ship_n but_o it_o be_v general_o inconsiderable_a at_o tenasserim_n it_o be_v eight_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o the_o kind_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o foreign_a mission_n some_o have_v assure_v i_o shipwreck_n the_o humanity_n of_o the_o siamese_n towards_o those_o that_o have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n that_o the_o siamese_n have_v the_o humanity_n not_o to_o appropriate_v any_o thing_n to_o themselves_o of_o what_o the_o tempest_n cast_v on_o their_o coast_n by_o shipwreck_n yet_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o lewis_n de_fw-fr monteroyo_n a_o portugese_n have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o siam_n near_o patana_n the_o chabaudar_n or_o custom-house_n officer_n which_o he_o name_v chatir_n confiscate_v not_o only_o the_o ship_n and_o its_o cargo_n but_o monteroyo_n himself_o and_o some_o child_n allege_v that_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whatever_o the_o sea_n cast_v upon_o the_o coast_n be_v the_o profit_n of_o his_o office_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o author_n add_v with_o great_a praise_n on_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o then_o reign_v that_o this_o prince_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o portuguese_n which_o be_v at_o his_o court_n set_v monteroyo_n at_o liberty_n and_o restore_v he_o all_o the_o prize_n and_o the_o child_n but_o he_o subjoin_v also_o that_o it_o be_v out_o of_o charity_n and_o on_o the_o day_n that_o this_o prince_n go_v through_o the_o city_n mount_v on_o a_o white_a elephant_n to_o distribute_v alm_n to_o the_o people_n 5_o tchaou-mevang_a a_o continuance_n of_o the_o right_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchaou-mevang_a arrogate_a to_o themselves_o all_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o frontier_n do_v levy_v when_o they_o can_v extraordinary_a tax_n on_o the_o people_n 6_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a do_v exercise_n commerce_n every_o where_o but_o under_o the_o name_n of_o their_o secretary_n or_o some_o other_o of_o their_o domestic_n and_o this_o last_o circumstance_n demonstrate_v that_o they_o have_v some_o shame_n and_o that_o the_o law_n perhaps_o prohibit_v they_o but_o that_o in_o this_o they_o be_v not_o more_o scrupulous_a than_o their_o king_n 7_o in_o some_o place_n where_o there_o be_v fishpond_n the_o tchaou-mevang_a take_v the_o best_a of_o the_o fish_n when_o the_o pond_n be_v empty_v but_o he_o take_v for_o his_o own_o use_n only_o and_o not_o to_o sell_v and_o the_o rest_n he_o leave_v to_o the_o people_n 8_o venison_n and_o salt_n be_v free_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v lay_v no_o prohibition_n nor_o impost_n thereon_o salt_n be_v there_o of_o little_a value_n i_o have_v hear_v that_o they_o have_v rock-salt_n and_o they_o make_v it_o of_o sea-water_n some_o have_v tell_v i_o with_o the_o sun_n other_o with_o fire_n and_o perhaps_o both_o be_v true_a at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o shore_n be_v too_o high_a to_o receive_v the_o sea_n and_o in_o those_o where_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o at_o hand_n the_o salt_n may_v fail_v or_o cost_v too_o much_o to_o make_v as_o in_o the_o island_n of_o jonsalam_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o do_v rather_o choose_v to_o import_v their_o salt_n from_o tenasserim_n pouran_a the_o right_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o pouran_a the_o pouran_a or_o governor_n by_o commission_n have_v the_o same_o honour_n and_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a but_o not_o the_o same_o profit_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n name_v the_o pouran_a upon_o two_o account_n either_o when_o he_o will_v have_v no_o tchaou-mevang_a or_o when_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a be_v oblige_v to_o absent_v himself_o from_o his_o government_n for_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v no_o ordinary_a lieutenant_n who_o can_v supply_v his_o place_n in_o his_o absence_n as_o in_o france_n the_o chancellor_n have_v none_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o pouran_a have_v only_o the_o profit_n which_o the_o king_n assign_v he_o at_o name_v he_o in_o the_o second_o case_n he_o take_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o profit_n from_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a and_o leave_v he_o the_o other_o moiety_n tribunal_n the_o name_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n which_o compose_v a_o tribunal_n now_o follow_v the_o ordinary_a officer_n of_o a_o tribunal_n of_o judicature_n not_o that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o in_o every_o one_o but_o that_o in_o any_o one_o perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o more_o ocya_a tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchaou-mevang_a be_v not_o always_o ocya_a he_o have_v sometime_o another_o title_n and_o the_o other_o officer_n of_o his_o tribunal_n have_v always_o some_o title_n proportion_v to_o he_o oc-pra_a belat_n his_o name_n signify_v second_o but_o he_o preside_v not_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o tchaou_fw-la mevang_n because_o he_o have_v no_o determinative_a voice_n oc-pra_a jockebate_v a_o kind_n of_o attorney-general_n and_o his_o office_n be_v to_o be_v a_o strict_a spy_n upon_o the_o governor_n his_o office_n be_v not_o hereditary_a the_o king_n nominate_v some_o person_n of_o trust_n but_o experience_v evince_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fidelity_n in_o these_o man_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n hold_v a_o private_a correspondence_n to_o pillage_v the_o people_n oc_fw-la pra_fw-la peun_fw-mi command_v the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o under_o the_o order_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a and_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n over_o his_o soldier_n but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n oc-pra_a maha-tai_a be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_z of_o the_o people_n his_o name_n seem_v to_o signify_v the_o great_a siamese_n for_o maha_n signify_v great_a and_o tai_n signify_v siamese_n it_o be_v he_o that_o levy_v the_o soldier_n or_o rather_o that_o demand_v they_o of_o the_o nai_n who_o send_v provision_n to_o the_o army_n who_o watch_v that_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n be_v well_o make_v and_o who_o in_o general_a execute_v all_o the_o governor_n order_n which_o concern_v the_o people_n oc-pra_a sassedi_n make_v and_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v a_o office_n very_o subject_a to_o corruption_n by_o reason_n that_o every_o particular_a person_n endeavour_v to_o get_v himself_o omit_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n for_o money_n the_o nai_n do_v likewise_o seek_v to_o favour_v those_o of_o their_o band_n who_o make_v present_n to_o they_o and_o to_o oppress_v those_o with_o labour_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o give_v they_o the_o maha_n tai_n and_o the_o sassedi_n will_v prevent_v this_o disorder_n if_o they_o be_v not_o the_o first_o corrupt_v the_o sassedi_n begin_v to_o enter_v down_o child_n upon_o the_o roll_n when_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a oc-lovang-mevang_a be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v mevang_n signify_v city_n but_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o title_n of_o oc-lovang_a it_o do_v not_o signify_v mayor_n and_o be_v no_o more_o apply_v to_o that_o office_n than_o another_o title_n this_o mayor_n take_v care_n of_o the_o polity_n and_o watch._n they_o keep_v a_o watch_n every_o night_n round_o the_o ambassador_n lodging_n as_o round_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a token_n of_o honour_n oc-lovang_a vang_z be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o governor_n palace_n for_o vang_z signify_v palace_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v he_o command_v the_o governor_n guard_n and_o even_o their_o captain_n and_o in_o a_o word_n he_o order_v in_o the_o governor_n palace_n whatever_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o governor_n charge_n oc-lovang-peng_a keep_v the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o custom_n according_a to_o which_o they_o judge_v and_o when_o judgement_n be_v pass_v he_o read_v the_o article_n thereof_o which_o serve_v for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o process_n and_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v he_o that_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n oc-lovang_a clang_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n magazine_n clang_n signify_v magazine_n he_o receive_v certain_a of_o the_o king_n revenue_n and_o sell_v to_o the_o people_n the_o king_n commodity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o the_o trade_n of_o which_o the_o king_n appropriate_v to_o himself_o as_o in_o europe_n the_o prince_n
do_v general_o appropriate_v the_o trade_n of_o salt_n to_o themselves_o oc-lovang_a couca_n have_v the_o inspection_n over_o foreigner_n he_o protect_v they_o or_o accuse_v they_o to_o the_o governor_n moreover_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n in_o every_o superior_a tribunal_n to_o send_v to_o the_o inferior_a justice_n when_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a or_o pouran_n be_v dead_a whilst_o that_o the_o king_n fill_v the_o place_n and_o the_o number_n of_o these_o officer_n be_v as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o the_o inferior_a justice_n oc-lovang_a or_o oc-counne_a coeng_n be_v the_o provost_n he_o be_v always_o arm_v with_o a_o sabre_n and_o have_v paint_a arm_n like_o archer_n oc-counne_a pa-ya_a bat_n be_v the_o keeper_n of_o the_o goal_n or_o prison_n and_o the_o word_n pa-ya_a which_o the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v by_o that_o of_o prince_n seem_v exceed_o vilify_v in_o the_o title_n of_o this_o office_n nai-goug_a be_v the_o true_a gaoler_n couc_n signify_v a_o prison_n and_o nothing_o be_v more_o cruel_a than_o the_o prison_n of_o siam_n they_o be_v cage_n of_o bambou_n expose_v to_o all_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air._n oc-counne_a narin_n command_v those_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o elephant_n which_o the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o province_n for_o there_o be_v some_o in_o several_a place_n because_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o lodge_v and_o feed_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o elephant_n together_o oc-counne_a nai-rang_a be_v the_o purveyor_n of_o the_o elephant_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o every_o tribunal_n to_o read_v the_o tara_n or_o order_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n and_o a_o house_n in_o a_o eminent_a place_n for_o to_o keep_v they_o as_o within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n there_o be_v a_o single_a house_n on_o a_o eminent_a place_n to_o keep_v all_o the_o letter_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n receive_v from_o other_o king_n these_o be_v the_o officer_n which_o be_v call_v from_o within_o beside_o these_o without_o a_o important_a distinction_n into_o officer_n within_o and_o officer_n without_o there_o be_v other_o which_z be_v call_v from_o without_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o province_n all_o have_v a_o entire_a dependence_n upon_o the_o governor_n and_o although_o those_o without_o have_v the_o like_a title_n yet_o they_o be_v very_o inferior_a to_o the_o officer_n within_o thus_o a_o oc-mevang_a within_o the_o palace_n be_v superior_a to_o a_o ocya_a without_o and_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o all_o those_o who_o bear_v great_a title_n must_v always_o be_v great_a lord_n that_o infamous_a fellow_n who_o buy_v woman_n and_o maid_n to_o prostitute_v they_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a he_o be_v call_v ocya_a mien_n and_o be_v a_o very_a contemptible_a person_n there_o be_v none_o but_o debauch_a person_n that_o have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o he_o every_o one_o of_o the_o officer_n within_o have_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o siamese_n balat_n and_o his_o register_n in_o siamese_n semien_n and_o in_o his_o house_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o he_o have_v general_o a_o hall_n to_o give_v his_o audience_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o judiciary_n stile_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v they_o have_v only_o one_o style_n for_o all_o matter_n in_o law_n style_n they_o have_v not_o a_o double_a style_n and_o they_o have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o divide_v they_o into_o civil_a and_o criminal_a either_o because_o there_o be_v always_o some_o punishment_n due_a to_o he_o that_o be_v cast_v even_o in_o a_o matter_n pure_o civil_a or_o because_o that_o suit_n in_o matter_n pure_o civil_a be_v very_o rare_a there_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n among_o they_o that_o all_o process_n shall_v be_v in_o writing_n suit_n they_o plead_v only_o in_o writing_n and_o by_o give_v bail_n the_o function_n of_o the_o nai_n in_o law_n suit_n and_o that_o they_o plead_v not_o without_o give_v caution_n but_o as_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v by_o band_n and_o that_o their_o principal_a nai_n be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o tribunal_n who_o i_o shall_v call_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o councillor_n in_o case_n of_o process_n the_o plaintiff_n go_v first_o to_o the_o councillor_n who_o be_v his_o nai_n or_o to_o his_o country_n nai_n who_o go_v to_o the_o councillor_n nai_n he_o present_v he_o his_o petition_n and_o the_o councillor_n present_v it_o to_o the_o governor_n the_o duty_n of_o the_o governor_n be_v nice_o to_o examine_v it_o and_o to_o admit_v or_o reject_v it_o according_a as_o to_o he_o it_o seem_v just_a or_o unjust_a and_o in_o this_o last_o case_n to_o chastise_v the_o party_n who_o present_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o person_n may_v begin_v any_o process_n rash_o and_o this_o be_v likewise_o the_o style_n or_o form_n of_o china_n but_o it_o be_v little_o observe_v at_o siam_n siam_n how_o a_o process_n be_v prepare_v at_o siam_n the_o governor_n than_o admit_v the_o petition_n and_o refer_v it_o to_o one_o of_o the_o councillor_n and_o ordinary_o he_o return_v it_o to_o he_o that_o present_v it_o if_o he_o be_v the_o common_a nai_n of_o both_o party_n but_o then_o he_o put_v his_o seal_n thereunto_o and_o he_o count_v the_o line_n and_o the_o cancel_v thereof_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o alteration_n may_v be_v make_v the_o councillor_n give_v it_o to_o his_o deputy_n and_o to_o his_o clerk_n who_o make_v their_o report_n to_o he_o at_o his_o house_n in_o his_o hall_n of_o audience_n and_o this_o report_n and_o all_o those_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o sequel_n be_v only_o a_o lecture_n after_o this_o the_o councellor_n clerk_n present_v by_o his_o master_n report_n or_o read_v this_o very_a petition_n in_o the_o governor_n be_v hall_n at_o a_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o councillor_n but_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o vouchsafe_v not_o to_o appear_v at_o whatever_o serve_v only_o to_o prepare_v the_o cause_n the_o party_n be_v there_o call_v in_o under_o pretence_n of_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v they_o and_o they_o be_v summon_v three_o time_n more_o for_o fashion_n sake_n than_o with_o a_o sincere_a intention_n of_o procure_v the_o accommodation_n this_o reconciliation_n not_o succeed_v the_o court_n order_n if_o there_o be_v witness_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v hear_v before_o the_o same_o clerk_n unless_o he_o be_v declare_v suspect_v and_o in_o such_o another_o session_n that_o be_v to_o say_v where_o the_o governor_n be_v not_o present_a the_o clerk_z reads_z the_o process_n and_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o opinion_n which_o be_v only_o consultative_a and_o which_o be_v all_o write_v down_o begin_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o last_o officer_n judgement_n the_o form_n of_o the_o judgement_n the_o process_n be_v thus_o prepare_v and_o the_o council_n stand_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o governor_n his_o clerk_z reads_z unto_o he_o the_o process_n and_o the_o opinion_n and_o the_o governor_n after_o have_v resume_v they_o all_o interrogate_v those_o who_o opinion_n seem_v to_o he_o not_o just_a to_o know_v of_o they_o upon_o what_o reason_n they_o ground_v they_o after_o this_o examination_n he_o pronounce_v in_o general_a term_n that_o such_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v condemn_v according_a to_o the_o law_n read_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v read_v then_o it_o belong_v to_o oc-lovang-peng_a to_o read_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n the_o article_n of_o the_o law_n which_o respect_v the_o suit_n but_o in_o that_o country_n as_o in_o this_o they_o dispute_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n they_o do_v there_o seek_v out_o some_o accommodation_n under_o the_o title_n of_o equity_n and_o under_o pretence_n that_o all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v never_o in_o the_o law_n they_o never_o follow_v the_o law_n the_o governor_n alone_o decide_v these_o dispute_n and_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v upon_o the_o party_n and_o set_v down_o in_o write_v but_o if_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o appearance_n of_o justice_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o jockebat_fw-la or_o the_o king_n attorney_n general_n to_o advertise_v the_o court_n thereof_o but_o not_o to_o oppose_v it_o attorney_n suit_n be_v a_o long_a time_n depend_v they_o have_v no_o advocate_n nor_o attorney_n every_o suit_n ought_v to_o end_v in_o three_o day_n and_o some_o there_o be_v which_o last_n three_o year_n the_o party_n do_v speak_v before_o the_o clerk_n who_o write_v down_o what_o they_o tell_v he_o and_o they_o speak_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o another_o but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o other_o who_o herein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o attorney_n or_o advocate_n shall_v be_v at_o least_o cousin_n
appeal_v of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v go_v they_o call_v yumrat_n he_o general_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a and_o his_o tribunal_n be_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o he_o follow_v not_o the_o king_n when_o that_o prince_n remove_v from_o his_o metropolis_n and_o then_o he_o render_v justice_n in_o a_o tower_n which_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n and_o without_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o he_o alone_o belong_v the_o determinative_a voice_n and_o from_o he_o there_o also_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n if_o any_o one_o will_v bear_v the_o expense_n king_n the_o judiciary_n form_n before_o the_o king_n in_o this_o case_n the_o process_n be_v refer_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o king_n council_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o a_o sentence_n inclusive_o consultative_a as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o king_n be_v present_a only_a when_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o pronounce_v a_o definitive_a judgement_n and_o according_a to_o the_o general_a form_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o prince_n before_o pass_v the_o sentence_n resume_v all_o the_o opinion_n and_o debate_n with_o his_o councillor_n those_o which_o to_o he_o seem_v unjust_a and_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o present_a king_n acquit_v himself_o herein_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o judgement_n prasedet_a the_o office_n of_o pra-sadet_a which_o be_v pronounce_v prasedet_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v call_v prasedet_a and_o general_o also_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la his_o name_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o word_n pra_z which_o i_o have_v several_a time_n explain_v and_o of_o the_o word_n sedet_fw-la which_o signify_v say_v some_o the_o king_n be_v go_v and_o indeed_o they_o speak_v not_o otherwise_o to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v but_o this_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v what_o the_o office_n of_o prasedet_a be_v and_o in_o several_a thing_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v very_o much_o lose_v the_o exact_a understanding_n of_o the_o baly_n mr._n gervaise_v call_v this_o office_n pesedet_fw-la i_o always_o hear_v it_o call_v prasedet_a and_o by_o able_a man_n although_o they_o write_v it_o pra-sadet_a government_n the_o reception_n which_o the_o governor_n give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n every_o one_o in_o his_o government_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n from_o its_o mouth_n to_o the_o metropolis_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a small_a government_n the_o first_o be_v pipeli_n the_o second_o prepadem_n the_o three_o bancock_n the_o four_o talaccan_n and_o the_o five_o siam_n the_o officer_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o government_n receive_v the_o king_n ambassador_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o till_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o next_o jurisdiction_n have_v join_v and_o salute_v they_o and_o they_o be_v the_o particular_a officer_n of_o each_o government_n that_o make_v the_o head_n of_o the_o train_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n more_o considerable_a that_o come_v to_o offer_v the_o king_n their_o master_n balon_n to_o the_o ambassador_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o every_o day_n there_o join_v new_a officer_n that_o come_v to_o bring_v new_a compliment_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o who_o quit_v not_o the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v join_v they_o entrance_n the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n ambassador_n expect_v the_o day_n of_o their_o entrance_n the_o king_n ambassador_n arrive_v thus_o within_o two_o league_n of_o siam_n at_o a_o place_n which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o tabanque_n and_o they_o wait_v there_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o metropolis_n tabanque_fw-fr in_o siamese_n signify_v the_o custom_n house_n and_o because_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v of_o bamhou_fw-mi like_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o french_a give_v the_o name_n of_o tabanque_n to_o all_o the_o bambou-house_n where_o they_o lodge_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o they_o have_v see_v first_o of_o all_o the_o day_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n ambassador_n make_v their_o entrance_n they_o the_o governor_n of_o siam_n come_v to_o fetch_v they_o ocya_a prasedet_fw-la as_o governor_n of_o the_o metrpolis_n come_v to_o visit_v and_o compliment_v they_o at_o this_o pretend_a tabanque_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o state_n officer_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o tchacry_n calla-hom_o and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n among_o the_o court_n officer_n be_v principal_o those_o general_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o general_n to_o who_o be_v annex_v the_o function_n of_o our_o secretary_n of_o state_n but_o before_o a_o entrance_n be_v make_v into_o this_o matter_n i_o must_v declare_v that_o all_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o affair_n whatever_o have_v under_o they_o as_o many_o of_o those_o subaltern_n officer_n which_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchacry_n have_v the_o distribution_n of_o all_o the_o interior_n polity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n tchacry_n of_o the_o tchacry_n to_o he_o revert_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o province_n all_o the_o governor_n do_v immediate_o render_v he_o a_o account_n and_o do_v immediate_o receive_v order_n from_o he_o he_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o calla-hom_o have_v the_o appointment_n of_o the_o war_n calla-hom_o of_o the_o calla-hom_o he_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o fortification_n arm_n and_o ammunition_n he_o issue_v out_o all_o the_o order_n that_o concern_v the_o army_n and_o he_o be_v natural_o the_o general_n thereof_o although_o the_o king_n may_v name_v who_o he_o please_v for_o general_n by_o van_n vliet_n relation_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o elephant_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o calla-hom_o even_o without_o the_o army_n but_o now_o this_o be_v a_o separate_a employment_n as_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o either_o for_o that_o the_o present_a king_n father_n after_o have_v make_v use_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o calla-hom_o to_o gain_v the_o throne_n resolve_v to_o divide_v the_o power_n thereof_o or_o that_o natural_o they_o be_v two_o distinct_a office_n which_o may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o single_a person_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n corrupt_o call_v petratcha_n elephant_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n who_o command_v all_o the_o elephant_n and_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o the_o elephant_n be_v esteem_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n principal_a force_n some_o there_o be_v who_o report_n that_o this_o prince_n maintain_v ten_o thousand_o but_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n that_o vanity_n always_o incline_v these_o people_n to_o lie_v and_o they_o be_v more_o vain_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o elephant_n than_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n be_v call_v lan-tchang_a and_o its_o name_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o the_o siamese_n signify_v ten_o million_o of_o elephant_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n keep_v therefore_o a_o very_a great_a number_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o three_o man_n at_o least_o be_v require_v for_o the_o service_n of_o every_o elephant_n and_o these_o man_n with_o all_o the_o officeer_n that_o command_v they_o be_v under_o the_o order_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n who_o though_o he_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pra_a be_v yet_o a_o very_a great_a lord_n the_o people_n love_v he_o because_o he_o appear_v moderate_a and_o think_v he_o invulnerable_a because_o he_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n in_o some_o fight_n against_o the_o peguin_n his_o courage_n have_v likewise_o procure_v he_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n his_o family_n have_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o high_a office_n be_v frequent_o ally_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v public_o report_v that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n oc-lovang_a souracac_n may_v pretend_v to_o it_o if_o either_o of_o they_o survive_v the_o king_n that_o now_o reign_v the_o mother_n of_o oc-pra_a pip_n â—haratcha_fw-mi be_v the_o king_n nurse_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o and_o when_o the_o king_n command_v the_o great_a barcalon_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o ambassador_n to_o be_v bastinado_v the_o last_o time_n it_o be_v oc-lovang_a souracac_n the_o son_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n that_o bastinado_v he_o by_o the_o king_n order_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n the_o prince_n nurse_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o barcalon_n lie_v prostrate_a at_o his_o foot_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o she_o son_n chap._n
source_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n revenue_n arise_v from_o two_o source_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o country_n the_o country_n revenue_n be_v receive_v by_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la pollatep_n according_a to_o some_o or_o vorethep_n according_a to_o mr._n gervase_n they_o be_v all_o reduce_v to_o the_o head_n follow_v 1._o on_o forty_o fathom_n square_a of_o cultivated_a land_n land_n his_o duty_n on_o cultivated_a land_n a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n of_o a_o tical_a by_o year_n but_o this_o rent_n be_v divide_v with_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a where_o there_o be_v one_o and_o it_o be_v never_o well_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n on_o the_o frontier_n beside_o this_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v that_o whoever_o plough_v not_o his_o ground_n pay_v nothing_o though_o it_o be_v by_o his_o own_o negligence_n that_o he_o reap_v nothing_o but_o the_o present_a king_n of_o siam_n to_o force_v his_o subject_n to_o work_v have_v exact_v this_o duty_n from_o those_o that_o have_v possess_v land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n although_o they_o omit_v to_o cultivate_v they_o yet_o this_o be_v execute_v only_o in_o the_o place_n where_o his_o authority_n be_v absolute_a he_o love_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o to_o see_v stranger_n come_v to_o settle_v in_o his_o state_n there_o to_o manure_v those_o great_a uncultivated_a space_n which_o without_o comparison_n do_v make_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o in_o this_o case_n he_o will_v be_v liberal_a of_o untilled_a ground_n and_o of_o beast_n to_o cultivate_v they_o though_o they_o have_v be_v clear_v and_o prepare_v for_o tillage_n 2._o on_o boat_n or_o balon_n bo_n on_o bo_n the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n pay_v a_o tical_a for_o every_o fathom_n in_o length_n under_o this_o reign_n they_o have_v add_v that_o every_o balloon_n or_o boat_n above_o six_o cubit_n broad_a shall_v pay_v six_o tical_n and_o that_o foreigner_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o this_o duty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n this_o duty_n be_v levy_v like_o a_o kind_n of_o custom_n at_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o river_n and_o among_o other_o at_o tchainat_n four_o league_n above_o siam_n where_o all_o the_o stream_n unite_v 3._o custom_n on_o whatever_o be_v import_v or_o export_v by_o sea_n beside_o which_o custom_n custom_n the_o body_n of_o the_o ship_n pay_v something_o in_o proportion_n to_o its_o capacity_n like_o the_o balon_n 4._o on_z arak_fw-mi or_o rice-brandy_n or_o rather_o on_o every_o furnace_n where_o it_o be_v make_v arak_fw-mi on_z arak_fw-mi which_o they_o call_v taou-laou_a the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n do_v pay_v a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la this_o duty_n have_v be_v double_v under_o this_o reign_n and_o be_v exact_v on_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o on_o stranger_n alike_o it_o be_v likewise_o add_v that_o every_o seller_n of_o arak_fw-mi by_o re-tail_n shall_v pay_v a_o tical_a a_o year_n and_o every_o seller_n by_o wholesale_n a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la 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