arms are Gules a carbuncle nowed Or the chief order of knighthood was of the Lilley their Blazon a pot of Lilies with the pourtraiture of the Virgin ingraven upon it their duty to defend the faith and dayly to repeat certain Avemaries thirdly Biscay and Empascon hath had nineteen Lords their arms Argent two wolves sable each of them in his mouth a lamb of the second four Leon and Oviedo hath had thirty Kings the arms are argent a Lion passant crowned Or five Gallicia hath had ten Kings the arms Azure semee of Cressets fiched a Chalice crowned Or six Corduba hath had twenty Kings the arms Or a Lion Gules armed and crowned of the first a border Azure charged with eight towers argent seven Granado hath had twenty Kings the arms Or a Pomgranate slipped Vert eight Murcia nine Toledo hath had eleven Morish Kings ten Castile hath had twenty Kings the order of Mercie is his chief order here their arms are a cross argent and four beads Gules in a field Or their habit white the rule of their order that of Saint Augustine their duty was to redeem Christians taken by the Turks with such money as was bestowed upon them eleven Portugal hath had twenty one Kings the principal orders of Knighthood here are first of Avis wearing a green cross second of Christ instituted one thousand three hundred twenty one their robe is a black Cassock under a white surcoat wherewith a red cross stroked in the midst with a white line their duty to expel the Moores out of Boetica the next neighbour to Portugal the arms of this kingdome are argent on five Escouchins Azure as many Befants in Saltire of the first pointed sable within a border Gules charged with seven towers Or eleven Majorca hath had successively four Kings twelve Aragon hath had twenty Kings the order of Knighthood is of Mintesa their robe a red cross upon their breast the arms Or four Pallets Gules all these are now united in one Monarchy of the King of Spain Their religion Popish whereunto they are kept by the violence of the Inquisition The land yields all sorts of wines oyles sugar grain metals as gold and silver it is fertile enough for the inhabitants whose ambitions for the most part are base the meanest proud the best superstitious and hypocrites many of them lascivious yet good souldiers by patience in enduring hunger thirst labour The King is not rich by reason of his great expences to keep his dominions in which he hath eleven Arch-bishops fifty two Bishops England together with Scotland on the north part thereof maketh the greatest Island of Europe and the richest in the world situated in a very temperate soil and wholesome air and exceeding fruitful in wheat and other grain hath many pleasant rivers plentifully stored with fish excellent havens commodious and safe mines of silver lead iron espetially of fine tinne innumerable flocks of sheep bearing fine wool of which is made cloth that serves not only themselves but is also transported into other parts the chief city is London the inhabitants are brave warriers both at sea and land and many of them learned and witty the orders of Knight-hooâ— are of Saint George or of the Garter there are twenty six Knights of it whereof the King of England was the Soveraign the Ensigne is a blew Garter buckled on the left leg on which these words are embroidered Honi soit qui mal y pense about their necks they weare a blew riband at the end of which hangeth the image of Saint George upon whose day this order is for the most part celebrated Secondly of the Bath instituted one thousand and nine They used to be created at the Coronation of Kings and Queens and the installing of the Prince of Wales Their duty to defend true religion Widows Maids Orphans and to maintain the Kings rights the Knights thereof distinguished by a red riband which they weare ordinarily about their necks to difference them from Knights Bachelours of whom they have in all places the precedence unless they be also the sons of noble men to whom their birth gives it before all orders Thirdly of Baronets an hereditary honour the arms are Mars three Lions passant gardant Sol. Scotland invironed with the sea except on the south side where it bordereth with England is not so fruitful yet hath of all things enough to sustain it self the head-city is Edenborough Scotland giveth not many sorts of course woollen cloth wool mault hides fish The principal order of Knighthood here is that of Saint Andrew The Knights did weare about their necks a collar interlaced with thistles with the picture of Saint Andrew appendant to it The Motto is Nemo me impune lacessit Secondly of Nova Scotia ordained by King Iames one thousand six hundred twenty two hereditary but the Knights thereof distinguished by a riband of Orange Tawney the arms of the kingdome are Sol a Lion rampant Mars within a double Tressure counter-flowred Ireland is full of brooks marshes waters and woods hath good pasture and abundance of tame and wild beasts but little grain the inhabitants are rude and wild people yet through the conversation and government of the English are dayly more and more brought to civility the aire here is very temperate cooler in summer and warmer in winter then in England the arms of Ireland are Azure and Harp Or stringed Argent The Isles belonging to great Brittain are the Surlings or Scillies Garnesey Iarsey Wight Anglesey Man Hebrides Orcades and many others All which three Kingdoms and Islands aforesaid make up one Common-wealth under the government of his now Highness OLIVER Lord Protector Their religion is Calvinist Protestant their government called Independent The Low Countries contain seventeen Provinces the Dukedoms of Brabant Guelderland Lymburge and Lisenburge the countries of Flanders Artois Henault Holland Zeland Namen Zukfen the Marquisate of the holy Empire the Lord-ships of Freezland Michlen Ouserisen and Graving all which are lands above measure well tilled and inhabited containing two hundred and eight cities fortified with walls and ditches and about six thousand three hundred villages with parish Churches besides the Castles Forts and Noble mens houses which are almost infinite in number This land is watered with many excellent rivers as the Rhine the Mose the Mard the Scheld and others It hath also many commodious Sea-Havens abounding in ships and very skilful and expert Mariners and Pilots as by their navigations may appear whereby they have compassed as it were the whole world The inhabitants also are very valiant and notable warriors as well by sea as by land as their enemies themselves will witnes They are excellently well skilled in all cunning and handy-crafts Many attribute unto them the invention of the Sea-compass as also the needle and laudable art of printing of books they send abroad into other parts all sorts of linnen and wollen cloth Camerick Pasementlace of gold silver and silk
thereof the dayes exceed not the length of twelve houres but after in every clime encrease the length of half an hour and when they come to forty eight parallels and twenty foâ—r climates as I said before the dayes being then twenty four houres long their encrease is then by whole weeks and moneths till in the twenty fourth clime about the pole the day is full half a year long and it is thus between the Equator and the north pole So it is between the said Equator and the south pole wherefore there are two sorts of climes that is twenty four northern and as many southern touching the names of which and other circumstances I shall say nothing here but leave the readers to other more long discourses thinking this enough in a tract of this nature to have spoken of things generally concerning the whole earth The whole earth is now divided into four parts Europe Asia Africa America Of each part and their several regions Empires kingdoms dominions Common-wealths Titles of honours and laws as briefly as I can together also with their sundry trade and commodities Europe though the least of the three first parts of the world nevertheless excelleth all other parts in worthiness power renown multitudes of well-builded cities and of people skilful in all kind of arts also excelling in vertue and the knowledge of God better then all the riches of the world Through the Grecian and Romane Empire in it it hath had once the dominion over Asia and Africa Mr. Heylin mentions in it fourteen mother tongues which I will not stand now to name It hath plenty of grain plants fruits coles rivers and fountains of admirable vertue it needs nothing but what may be well spared as hot spices not so fit for our temper precious jewels the nourishers of vain and soul-destroying pride and wild beasts which cause deserts where they breed yet of gold silver and other commodities it hath a part it is divided on the east from Asia partly by the rivers Duina and Tunnis and partly by the lâ—ke called Meotis now termed Mare de le Zabbacche pone Euxine or Mare Maggiore From Africa it is severed by the midland sea on the west and north side it hath the great Ocean I shall follow Mr. Heylins method in the desciption of the regions and countries thereof beginning with first Italy then going secondly to the Alps thirdly France fourthly Spain fifthly Britain sixthly Belgia sevently Germany eighthly Denmark ninethly Swethland tenthly Russia eleventh Poland twelfth Hungary thirteenth Sclavonia fourteenth Dacia and the fifteenth Greece speaking of the several islands as they relate to some or other of these greater countries Italy the mother of all Latine learning stretcheth out easterly on Asia between the Adriatick and Thuscan Seas and borders towards the west upon France and towards the north on Germany and is severed from those countries by the river Varus and the mountains called Alpes the rest being compassed with the sea It hath had seven kinds of government first Kings second Consuls third Dictators fourth Decemviri fifth Tribunes sixth Emperours seventh Popes It flourished most in the time of Christ and a little afterwards by means of the great and wide dominion of the mighty city of Rome which then reigned as Queen of the world over many lands of Europe Asia and Africa This land excelleth all the lands of Europe in fruitfulness and pleasantness the inhabitants are witty industrious and frugal yet hot and lascivious And withall the men very jealous and that taken to be not without cause The religion there now professed is the Popish Religion unto which they are more straitly kept by the Inquisition The chief wares which are carried out of Italy into other countries are rice silks velvets sattins taffaties grogrems rashes stamels bumbasins fustians felts serving for clokes costly arras gold and silver-thred allum gals Venetian drinking and looking-glasses It containeth at this day the kingdoms of Naples Sicily and Sardinia the lands and patrimony of the Church so called which the Pope possesseth the great Dukedoms of Urbin and Tuscani the Common-wealths of Venice Genoa and Luca and the estates of Lumbardy being the Dukedoms of Millain Mantua Modena Parma Montferrat and the principality of Piemont of all which I shall observe somewhat The Kingdome of Naples in Italy is environed on all sides with the Adriatick Ionian and Tuscan seas excepting where it joyneth on the west to the lands of the Church from which separated by a line drawn from the mouth of the river Tronto or Druentus falling into the Adriatick to the spring head of Axofenus taking up all the east of Italy one thousand four hundred sixty eight miles it hath anciently been called the kingdome of both the Sicilies The fertilest place of all Italy abounding in all things necessaâ—y for life delight and Physick Hence are also brought the Neapolitan horses It hath had thirteen Princes twenty four Dukes 25. Marquesses ninety Earles and nine hundred Batons not titular onely but men of great estates It hath had twenty six Kings of several countries beginning first with the Norman race and now being in the hand of Spain the disease called now the French Pox was first in all Christendome found here The Arms of this kingdome are Azureâ—seme of Fleur de Lices or a file of three Labels Gules Its revenue is two millions and an half of crowns whereof twenty thousand are the Popes his chief rent and the rest so exhausted in maintaining Garisons upon the Natives and a strong Navy against the Turks that the King of Spain receiveth not a fourth part thereof clearly it hath twenty Arch-bishops and one hundred twenty seven Bishops-Seas The kingdom of Sicilia in Italy is situate under the fourth climate the longest day being thirteen hours and an half it shoots forth into the Sea with three capes or Promontories The people are ingenious eloquent and pleasant but withal very inconstant and full of talk they invented Oratory Pastoral Eclogues hour-glasses with military Engins The soyl is incredibly fruitful in Wine Oyl Honey Minerals of gold silver and allum together with plenty of salt and sugar there are also gems of Agats and Emeralds it yieldeth also great store of the richest silk hath most excellent and delicious fruits both for tast and colour with abundance also of all sorts of grain Here is the hill Aetna which many have taken to be hell and ignorant Papists Purgatory because of its sending forth of flames of fire which the brimstone there causeth It hath many Cities Rivers and Lakes of which I cannot stand to treat There were eight Kings of Sicilia six of the first whereof were called to rule In the year one thousand two hundred eighty one the house of Arragon governed it and there hath succeeded ten Kings It is now united to the Crown of Spain the revenue is eight hundred thousand some say million of Duckets disbursed again on the entertainment of the
out of Persia are brought the Bezor stone and other precious stones pearls of great value and many â—â—k-works Nâ—tolia or Asia the less wherein is that part of land foâ—mâ—rly called Canaan by which lye the Arabians this Asia is a good and fruitful country and hath been eminent in the true religion for therein were written the most part of the New Testament It is almost divided from Africa by the Red and Mediterranean sea and is now a part of the Turkish empire The chief Islands of Asia are Zellant whose ground is alwayes green and the trees laden with blossoms and fruits as oranges lemons the cinamon grows here in whole woods for it is the second rind of a tree but being cut and laid in the sun becomes red the tree in three years space receives his â—ind again besides many other beasts here are a multitude of Elephants Sumatra yieldeth besides other sorts of spices abundandce of pepper here are also moneys of divers metals of which the inhabitants have learned to cast good Ordinance very great Elephants are found here which being learned are serviceable in war The Rhinoceros a deadly enemy to the Elephant is found here for though he be less yet he warreth with him having whet his horn on the rock he therewith seeks to rip up the Elephanâ—s belly He is by many held to be the true Unicorne every part of him especially his horn being sovereign against all poyson Iava is very fruitful in several spices and Indian fruits especially pepper Benda a second Island but very famous for herein onely are several islands hereabout grow all the nutmegs and mace which are in great abundance sent into all the world the trees on which nutmegs grow yield three times in the year fruit onely in August and December but the most and best in April The islands of the Mollucas though but sand yet are known all over the world by reason of the plenty of cloves which grow up here onely are dispersed over all the world they are five in number Ternate Tidon Matir Mantrian and Bachion Victuals are here scant for there grows neither rice nor any other grain it hath no cattel but a few goats and hogs they make their bread of certain trees and roots In these islands onely are found the bird of Paradise which for the strangeness and fairness of feathers exceeds all the birds in the world Thus much touching the second part of the world The chiefest Cities of Asia with the Rivers THe chiefest cities in Asia which belong unto the Turks are in Anatolia Burse Chioutai Angoure Trebisond Sattalie the Rivers there most famous are the River of Alie Iordan Euphrates and Tigris The most famous Cities in Syria are Aleppo Tripoli Damas Said and Hierusalem The most famous Cities in Georgia are Mosul Bagded Balsora Sanatopoli Stranu Derbent The most famous Rivers in Georgia are the Rivers of Fazze and Arais The most famous Cities in Arabia are Herac Ava Medina and Mectra the most memorable River is the River of Cayban The chiefest Cities in Persia are Tauris Gorgian Coysolma Hispahan Erat Sus Schiras and Ormutz the chiefest Rivers are the Rivers of Tirditiri and Bendimur The chiefest cities of India are Amedabur Cambaia Gouro Diu Bengala Pangab or Lahor Agra Goa Calicut Visnagor Pegn Arracan Malaca Camboge and Facfo the fairest Rivers in India are the River Indus Ganges and Mecon The most famous cities in China are Paguin Quinâ—ay Caneun Macao Mancian and Nagaia â—â—ordo the greatest River is the River of Quiâ—am or Iamsu Quiam The most famous cities in Tartary are Zaâ—aspe Samarcanda Thibet Cambalu Tatur or Tartar the chiefest Rivers are the Tatar the â—eniscoy the Oby the Chezel and the Albiamu The Isles in Asia in the Ocean are the isle of Iaphan where are the cities of Bungo Meaco and Sacay The Phillipine islands in which are the cities of Lusor Manille and Mindanao The Moluno Islands in which are the cities of Gililo Mucasar and Aquen Not far from thence is Sumatra and Iava where are the cities of Candra and Columbo neer unto it is Bornro Manur and Male In the Mediterranean Sea there are the islands of Cyprus Rhodes and Scarpanto in which are the famous cities of Nicosia Formagusta Rhodes and Scarpanto In the Archipelago there are the islands of Chios and Metelin which have cities after their own names Africa AFrica the third part of the world is separated from Europe by the Mediterranean sea and from Asia by the Red Sea she yieldeth gold balm ivory ebony sugar ginger dates aloes myrrh feathers also Madera the countryes in Asia now follow Barbary is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea northward on the east with Egypt on the south with the mount Atlas and westward with the Altantick ocean the inhabitants are faithless crafty in promising and also in performing they are fraudulent covetous and beyond measure jealous of their wives their country yields olives figs dates oranges and a certain kind of goat whose hair makes a stuff as fine as silk Egypt hath Idumea on the east and the bay of Arabia on the west Barbary Numidia and part of Lybia on the north the Mediterranean Sea on the south Ethiopia superior or the Abassin Empire It containeth in length five hundred sixty two Italian miles and in breadth one hundred sixty situated under the second and fifth climates so that their longest day in summer is not above thirteen houres and a half The air is very hot and ofâ—ensive the soil is fruitful by the overflowing of Nilus it hath rich pastures wherein they feed great store of camels horses asses oxen greater of growth then usually in most places else and by reason of the morishness of the country they have also great store of fouls it is furnished with great plenty of metals some precious stones good wines and fruits as lemons oranges pomgranates citrons figs cherries and such as these excellent both for tast and colour here grow the Palm trees which alwayes grow in couples the male and female both thrust forth cods full of seed but the female alwayes fruitfull and that not except growing by the male and having his seed mixed with hers the pith of these trees is an excellent sallade better then an hartichoke which in tast it doth much resemble of the branches they make bedsteds lattices c. of the leaves baskets mats fans c. of the outward husk of the cod cordage of the inner brushes the fruit it bears is best known by the name of dates which are in tast like figs and finally it is said to yield whatsoever is necessary to the life of man it is the nature of this tree though never so ponderous a weight were put upon it never to yield to the burden but still to resist the heaviness of it and to endeavour to lift and raise it self the more upwards a fit emblem of the resurrection the people are not black but tawny or olive-coloured they
fâ—om the adjacent places as the British Ocean the â—erman sea the Atlantick sea and the like Or from the first Discoverer as the Magellanick sea Forbushers Straitsâ— or from some remarkeable accident as the Red sea from the red colour of the â—ands and the like Thirdly a strait is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the sea as the straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian Fourthly A creek is a crooked shore thrusting forth as it were two arms to embrace and affectionately to hold the sea as the Adriatick Persian and Corinthian creek Hitherto belong Rivers Brooks and fountains engendred of congealed aire in the earths concavities and seconded by sea-waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the real parts of the earth in general The compass of the whole earth is cast by our latest learned Geographers twenty one thousand six hundred English miles which we thus compute We see by continued experience that the Sun for every degree in the heavens gaines sixty miles upon the earth towards his circuit round and after three hundred sixty degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us as before it was Add the number of sixty so oft and you will find the account the same and so by proportion of the circumference to the Diameter which is tripla sesqui septima the same which twenty two hath to seven We may count likewise the earths thickness to the center The whole Diameter by rule being less then a third part of the circuit That in the proportion to twenty one thousand six hundred will be six thousand eight hundred seventy two halfe the number will reach the middle of the world and that is three thousand four hundred thirty six being considered with great exactness as the measure of such a great bulk as the earth is can easily be taken and comprehended Geographers attribute unto the earth five circles The first is the Equinoctial when the Sun in his course is come thereunto about the eleventh of March and September the day and the night are of equal length through the whole earth It is also termed the Equator and by the sea-faring men the middle Line because it divideth the earth into two equal parts of which the one lyeth towards the north the other towards the south And because it is in the middest between the two poles of the world one in the north the other in the south The second circle is called the Tropick of the Crabb because when the sun is come thither about the tenth of Iune it returneth by little and little unto the Equator And then unto them that dwell on the north-side of the Equator is the day longest and shortest to them that dwell on the southside thereof This circle is distinct from the Equinoctial twenty three degrees three minutes and an halfe Northward The third is called the Tropick of Capricorn because the sun being come thereto on the eleventh of December turneth his course backward to the Equator and then contrariwise to them who live on the north of the Equator is the day shortest and longest to them on the south thereof it is distant from the Equinoctial southward twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half The fourth is called the Arctick circle the fifth the Antartick of which the one is distant twenty three degrees thirty one minutes and an half from the noâ—th pole the other just so many from the south pole And are described by the revolution of heaven from the Poles of the Zodiack which is the sun Mercator the ancient Astronomer understood by the Arctick circle not onely that aforesaid but also every circle whose half Diameter answereth to the pole in any place whatsoever and containeth according to the Altitude of every countrey certain starrs which never set but alwaies are above the earth so that in all regions differing in Latitude this circle is diverse as also is the Antarctick Now the four lesser circles the two Tropicks and Polar circles do fitly part the earth into five Zones that is to say girdles because they compass like bands the round Globe of the earth The first of these Zones lyeth under the Artick or north circle and is called the cold north Zone the second lyeth under the Antartick or sourth circle is called the cold south Zone the third is situate in the middle between the two Tropicks called the scorched Zone the fourth lyeth under that which is between the north circle and the Tropick of Cancer and is called the temperate north Zone the fifth also is under that space which is between the Tropick of Capricorn and the south circle and is called the temperate south Zone Now to understand rightly the situation of countries their Longitude and Latitude according to the mind of Geographers is to be known The Latitude of places which with the height of the pole is alwayes one beginning at the Equinoctial is taken two manner of wayes either towards the south or towards the north unto the number ninety The Longitude is returned from the Meridian circle and about the west Islands called Carva and Flores beginning right at the Equator easterly and running forwards unto the number three hundred sixty As for example London lyeth from the Equinoctial northward fifty one decrees and a half which is the Latitude and the Longitude thereof is twenty degrees answering unto that degree of the Equinoctial reckoning from the Meridian And now that I have briefly touched upon the Longitude and Latitude of countries and having often spoke of the Meridian and Horizon I shall I hope not unprofitably take time in a word or two to tell you what each of them are The Meridian is a great circle rounding the earth from pole to pole There are many Meridians according to the divers places in which a man liveth But the chief and first Meridian passeth through the islands Saint Michael and of the Azores The Horizon is a great circle designing so great a space of the earth as a quick sight can ken in an open field the use of it is to discern the divers risings and settings of the starrs I shall now speak a little of the Climates and Parallels and then I hope I have done with things generally concerning the earth A climate is a space of the earth included within the space of two parallels The use of them is to shew the difference of length and shortness of daies over all the world as you may see in the midst of every climate the number of the longest day in the year under that climate the longest day in one climate differing half an hour from the longest of another so that there are twenty four climates consisting of forty eight parallels ere the day come to be twenty four houres of length which is twelve houres longer then the Equinoctiall day is Now under the Equinoctial line and thirteen degrees that is three parallels on either side
weep and mourn over the bodies of their dead daubed over with dung they hold it a great impiety to burn or bury them but having embalmed them they lay them in so me inner room the men keep at home for the house-hold business the women follow merchandise and affairs abroade the men carry burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders a witty and ingenious people the first inventers of Geometry Arithmetick Physick Astronomy Necâ—omany and Sorcery yea they found out the very use of letters The Christians among them differ from all other Christians first using circumcision with baptisme Secondly conferring all orders under priesthood on infants immediately after baptisme their parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing what they promised in their behalf to wit chastity fasting on Wednesday and Friday and the four Lents of the year Thirdly reputing baptisme not to be of any efficacy except ministred by a priest in the open Church in what extremity soever Fourthly yet not baptising any children till the fortieth day though they die in the mean time Fifthly giving the Lords Supper to infants as soon as christened Sixtly contracting marriages in the second degree without dispensation Seventhly not observing the Lords day nor any Festivals except in cities Eighthly reading the Gospel writ by Nicodemus They differ from the Papists in these things first administring the Lords Supper in both kinds secondly with leavened bread thirdly admitting neither extreme unction nor the Lords Supper to those that are sick fourthly nor Purgarory not prayer for the dead fifthly not using elevation in the act of administring and sixthly accounting the Roman Church for he â—etical and esteeming the Latines no better then the Iews Mount Atlas is a ridge of hils of exceeding height and of no small length it is above the clouds and is alwayes covered with snow in the midst of summer full of thick woods and against Africa so fruitful that it affords excellent fruits of its natural growth not planted grafted or inoculated with the hand of man Lybia hath mount Atlas on the north by which it is parted from Barbary and Asrenaca on the east with Lybia Marmarica interposed betwixt it and Egypt and part of Ethiopia superior or the Abassine Empire on the south with Ethiopia inferior and the land of Nigros and on the west with the main Atlantick Ocean the country abounds with dates the chief diet of the people which commonly rotteth out their teeth their goats they feed with the stones wherewith they grow fat and yield store of milk the air is so â—ound that it cureth the French Pox without any Physick the inhabitants are a base and vile people thieves murderers treacherous and ignorant of all things feeding most on dates barley and carrion counting bread a diet for holidayes their garments of the coursest cloth so short that they cover not half the body the richer sort wear a jacket of blew cotton with great sleeves they ride upon camels without stirrup or saddle a leather thrust through an hole made in the nose of the camel serves them for a bridle and to save spurs they use a goade their religion is Mahomeâ—isme The land of Negros is bounded on the east with Ethiopia superior on the west with the Atlantick Ocean on the north with Lybia Deserta and the south with the Ethiopick Ocean and part of Ethiopia inferior the country very hot by reason of the situation under the torrid zone yet very well inhabited full of people and in some places alwaies grass well watered specially where the River Niger overfloweth well stored with corn cattel and garden ware well wooded having store of beasts wild and tame they want fruit trees they have both gold and silver mines very pure the inhabitants are of little wit and destitute of all arts and sciences prone 〈◊〉 luxury and for the most part Mahometans Ethiopia superior is bounded on the east with the Red Sea and the Sinus Barbaricus on the west with Lybia inferior the Realm of Nabia in the land of Negros and part of the Kingdome of Congo in the other Ethiopia on the north with Egypt and Lybia Marmarica and on the south with the mountains of the moon it is in length a thousand five hundred miles in breadth half as much the religion of the people is they use to circumcise their children both males females Secondly they baptize the males at forty the females 80 daies after circumcision Thirdly after the Lords Supper they are not to spit till sun-set Fourthly they profess but one nature and one will in Christ Fifthly they accept only the three first General Councels Sixthly their Priests live by the labour of their own hands for they allow them nothing nor permit them not to beg Seventhly they baptize themselves every Epiphanie in lakes and ponds because that day they suppose Christ to have been baptized of Iohn in Iordan Eighthly they eat not of those beasts which in the old law are reckoned for unclean and they keep the Jews Sabbtah equally solemn with the Lords day Tenthly they minister the Lords Supper to infants presently after baptisme Eleventhly they reach the reasonable soul of man is derived from the parents by seminal propagation Twelfthly that infants dying unbaptized are sanctified in the womb by vertue of the Lords Supper received by the mother after her conception And finally they shew a book of eight volumes writ as they say by the Apostles assembled at Jerusalem for that purpose the contents therof they observe most solemnly and they differ from the Papists as the Christians in Egypt they are under the goverment of Prester Iohn and the Turk I pass by Ethiopia inferior the people being Pagans and likewise I omit the several Islands of Africa being but small because I have been so large already The chiefest cities of Africa with the names of the Rivers which are there most famous IN Barbary which containeth the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Tremiser Algeir Tunis Tripoli and Barca there are the famous cities of Morocco Fez Tanger Telensin Oran Algeir Constantine Tunis Tripoli and Barca The Rivers there most famous are the Tensife the Ommiraby and the River of Cebus Mulvia Rio Major and the Magrida In Belledulgered which containeth the Kingdomes of Suz Daza Sagelmosse Tegorarin Biâ—edulgerid and the Desart of Barca there are these famous cities Taradante Dara Segelmoss Tegorarin Zeb Billedulgerid the chiefest Rivers are the River of Sur the River of Darha and the Ghir In Egypt are the famous cities of Sabod Cairo Alexandria Rascha or Rosesta Dumietta Cosir and Surs the renowned River is the River of Nilus In the desert of Zaara are these memorable cities Zauhaga Zuenzera Targa Lemta Berdoa Gaoga and Borno In the country of the Negroes are these remarkable cities Gue Eata Gueneha Tombu Agados Cano Cassena Gangara Tula Catan or Senega Guinala Beria Melli Songo Gago Wuber Zegzog and Sanfara the Rivers here
on the north from Romandiola and Marca Anteritana by the Appeninne hils and on the southside it is bounded with the Tuscan or Terrhenian seas It was a while a free State having Princes of the house of Medici but now it is governed by the Duke of Florence or great Duke of Tuscany of the same family The length of this State is two hundred sixty mile the breadth in some places much inferiour the onely order of Knighthood here is that of Saint Stephen inâ—â—ituted one thousand five hundred sixty one It is kept August 6. yearely and hath all the priviledges of them of Malta upon condiâ—ion that they of the order should make a vow of charity of continual chasity and obedience they are to be nobly born and in lawful wedlock of 〈◊〉 Romish Church and without note of infamy their Robe is of white Chamlet with a red cross of their lefr side sowed upon their midday Garments or their wearing cloaks the number is uncertain the great Duke is the supreme Master of it the revenues are very great besides the great Duke is a Merchant and taketh Excise almost of every thing the Arms are Or five Tortecax Gules two two one and one in chief Azure charged with three florwre-de-luces of the first Here are three Arch-Bishops and twenty six Bishops The free State of Luca in Italy lyeth betwixt the State of the great Duke and the Common-wealth of Genoa they are a free courteous modest people of good judgement and discreet wisely preserving their liberty against the strength of potent neighbours they are industrious also well seen in Manufactures especially in weaving cloth of gold and silk The Dominions of it are eighty miles the revenue is eighty thousand crowns yearely it can raise for war fifteen thousand foot and three thousand horse the government is mixed of Aristocracy and Democracie the principal Magistrate called Gon Falinere is changeable every second month assisted by a certain and determinate number of citizens whom they change every sixth month also during which time they lie together in the palace or common hall their Protector is also elective of some neighbour King or State their religion is Popish they have two Bishops onely acknowledging the Arch-Bishop of Florence for their Metropolitan The Common-wealth of Genoa in Italy lieth west of Tuscany from which it is divided by the river Macra They were anciently a large State but have now onely Liguria and the isle of Corsica in their power the men were good warriors Merchants and given to usury which they learned of the Jews Mr. Heylin reporteth that it was the saying of a merry fellow that in Christendome there were neither Scholars enough Gentlemen enough nor Jews enough not Scholars enough for then so many would not be double or treble-beneficed not Gentlemen enough for then we should not have so many Pesants turn gentlemen nor lastly Jews enough for then so many Christians would not turn Usurers The women here are priviledged above all Italy having liberty to talk with whom they will and be courted by any that will both publickly and privately from hence and some other particulars they have made this proverb of the State of the country Mountains without wood Seas without fish men without faith and women without shame They have a Duke and eight more assistant with him all subject to the general counsel of four hundred men the Duke and his eight assistants hold but two years Spain is their Protector and they have one Arch-bishop fourteen Bishops The States of Lumbardy in Italy is bounded on the east with Romandiola and the State or Territory of Ferrara on the west with that part of the Alps which divides Italy from France on the north reckoning Marca Trevigiana within the bounds thereof with that part of the Alps which lyeth towards Germany and on the foâ—th with the Apennine which parteth it from Liguria or the States of Genoa as Italy is the garden of Europe so Lumbardy is the Garden of Italy for the fruitfulness The Dukedome of Millain in Italy hath on the east the States of Mantua and Parma on the west Piemont and some part of Switzerland one of the Provinces of the Alps on the north Marca Treuigana and on the south the Apennine which parteth it from Liguria Or the States of Genoa It hath had several Lords and Dukes of Millain accounted the chief Dukedome in Christendome but now under the Spaniards the aunual rent worth eight hundred thousand Duckets but considering all charges the Spaniard is taken to be out in keeping it The arms are Argent a Serpent Azure crowned Or in his Gorge an infant Gules there are one Arch-Bishop six Bishops The Dukedome of Mantua in Italy is bounded on the west with Millain on the east with Romandiola on the north with Marca Triugiana and on the south with the Dukedome of Parma the soyl is reasonable good and yieldeth all sorts of fruits being well manured plentiful in corn pastures and abundance of Vines but the inhabitants not so civil and well bred as the rest of Italy childish in their apparel without manly gravity in entertainment of friends and exacting all they can from strangers it is a free State hath many Dukes thereof the chief order of Knighhood in these Dukedomes is of the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ instituted Ann. one thousand six hundred eight it consisteth of twenty Knights whereof the Mantuan Dukes are Soveraigns The collar hath threds of gold laid on with fire and enterwoven with these words Domine probasti To the collar are pendent two Angels supporting three drops of blood and circumscribed Nihil ista triste recepto It is accounted a great circuit but not worth above five hundred thousand Ducats the arms are argent a cross Patee Gules between four Eagles sable membred of the second under an Escuchion in fise charged quarterly with Gules a Lion Or and Or three bars sable here are one Archbishop four Bishops I shall pass by the Dukedoms of Modena Parma and Mountferrat as being all three but small esttates of Italy and having but four Bishops amongst them all the arms of Modena the same with the Dukedome of Ferrara and the arms of Mountferrat Gules a chief argent thus much for Italy The principality of Piemont a part of the Alpes situate at the foot of the Mount is bounded on the east with Millain and Mountferrat on the west with Savoâ— on the north within the Switzers and on the south it runneth in a narrow valley to the Mediterranian having Mountferat on the one side Province and a part of the Alps upon the other it is very fertile compared with Savoy and Switzerlaad but thought to be inferiour to the rest of Italy the Arms of this principallity are Gules a cross argent charged with a Label of three points Azure It is now subject to the Dukedome of Savoy Savoy strictly and specially so called is bounded on the East with
Wallisland and part of Piemont on the west with Daulphin and La Bress on the south with some parts of Daulphine onely and on the north with Switzerland and the lake of Geneva The country is altogether hilly and mountainous very healthful but not very fruitful the common people are naturally very dull but the Gentry pleasant ingenious and civil there have been neer thirty Earls and Dukes of Savoy it is a very strong place with fortifications of nature the revenue ordinarily a million of crowns yearely The onely order of Knighthood here is that of the Anunciado ordained one thousand four hundred and eight their collar is of fifty links to shew the mysteries of the Virgin at the end is her portraiture with the history of the annunciation instead of a Motto these letters F. E. R. T. i. e. Fortitudo ejus Rhodum tenuit are engraven to every plate or link of the collar each link being interwoven one within another in form of a true lovers knot the number of the Knights is fourteen beside the Duke the Soveraign of the order the solemnity held annually on our Lady day the Arms are G. a cross A. Geneva is a city of the Dukedome of Savoy now a free State having cast off both the Pope and their own Duke and kept freely by their neighbours jealousie each of other touching it the religion is Calvinist Protestant the government Presbyterial the language the worst French the people industrious and Merchants their situation for neighbours advantagious thereunto Wallisland reacheth from the mountain de Burken to the town of Saint Maurice where the hills do close and shut up the valley which is so narrow in that place that a bridge laid from one hill to another under which the river Rosue doth pass is capable of no more then one Arch onely and that defended with a Castle and two strong gates on other parts it is invironed with a continual wall of steep and horrid mountains covered all the year long with a crust of ice not passable at all by armies and not without much difficulty by single passengers so that no citadel can be made so strong by Art as this country is by nature The valley is very fruitful in Saffron corn wine and most delicate fruits having medows and pleasant pastures They have also a Fountain of Salt and many hot Bathes and medicinal waters they have cattle enough to serve them also a wild Buck equal to a Stagg in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with wonderful agility and so not easily caught but in summer time for then with the heat he is blind The people are courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another they are of the Romish religion and subject to the Bishop of Sion The Deputies of the seven Resorts having not only voices with the Cantons in his election but bein chosen they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State Switzerland hath on the east the Grisons and some part of Tyrol in Germany on the west the mountain Iove and the lake of Geneva which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the north Suevia another province also of the upper Germany and on the south Wallisland and the Alps which borders on the Dukedome of Millain It is totally in a manner overgrown with craggy mountains but such as for the most part have grassy tops and in their hollowness rich medows and nourishing pastures being two hundred forty miles in length and one hundred eighty in breadth the inhabitants are rich and rugged of disposition like their land good souldiers and mercenary almost to every one their religion mixed some Papists some Protestants Zwinglians yet they have agreed to tolerate one another their government popular The country of the Grizons is bounded on the east with the country of Tyrol with Switzerland on the north with Suevia and a part of the Switzers on the south with Lombardy a very mountanous and barren land the people now Protestant their government popular in these Alpine parts there are two Arch-Bishops thirâ—teen Bishops France hath alwayes been held the principal and worthiest kingdom of all Christendome it is bounded on the east with Germany and southward with the Mediteranian Sea south-east with the Alps and on the north with the Brittish Sea It is very fruitful in all sorts of grain and whatsoever is needful for the maintenance of life especially it hath great abundance of wines wherewith many other lands are also served It is divided into many great Dukedoms and Provinces hath in it also divers great mighty and famous cities the people are heady but ingenious and good warriours The government is meerly regal and at the pleasure of the Prince of which it hath had many great and powerful ones the religion of the Land is Popish but there are many Protestants there who although they have been greatly persecuteed yet sometimes their number hath indulged them in the exercise thereof the chief orders of Knighthood yet extant here are first of Saint Michael instituted one thousand four hundred and nine It consisted first of thirty persons but after of three hundred the habit of the order a long cloak of white damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with cocklsheells of gold interlaced and furred with Ermins with a hood of Crimson Velvet and a long tippet about their necks they wear a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word immensi tremor oceani the picture of Saint Michael Conquering the Devil was annexed to the collar the seat thereof anciently Saint Michaels mount in Normandy and the day Saint Michaels day Secondly of the holy Ghost ordained one thousand five hundred seventy nine The order of Saint Michael is to be given to none but such as were first dignified with this whereunto none were to be admitted but such as could prove their nobility by three descents their oath to maintain the Romish Catholick religion prosecute all opponents to it their robe a black velvet mantle pourtrayed with lillies and flumes of gold the colar of Flower-de-luces and flowers of gold with a Cross and a Dove appendent to it The Arms of France are Azure three Flower-de-luces Or it hath seventeen Arch-Bishops one hundred and eight Bishops and one hundred thirty two thousand Parishes The Pirenean Hills are onely a bound between France and Spaine two potent kingdoms the whole length not reckoning in the windings turnings affirmed to be eighty Spanish Leagues at three miles to a league the people barbarous but of what religion my Author saith not It may be he esteemed them so barbarous that he thought they could live without any religion at all Spain is severed from France by the Pirenean Mountains on all other sides it is invironed with the Sea it containeth at this day divers kingdoms one Gothes two Navars there have been fourty one Kings The