Selected quad for the lemma: country_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
country_n	call_v	great_a	inhabit_v	1,448	5	9.6227	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28496	Irelands naturall history being a true and ample description of its situation, greatness, shape, and nature, of its hills, woods, heaths, bogs, of its fruitfull parts, and profitable grounds : with the severall ways of manuring and improving the same : with its heads or promontories, harbours, roads, and bays, of its springs, and fountains, brooks, rivers, loghs, of its metalls, mineralls, free-stone, marble, sea-coal, turf, and other things that are taken out of the ground : and lastly of the nature and temperature of its air and season, and what diseases it is free from or subject unto : conducing to the advancement of navigation, husbandry, and other profitable arts and professions / written by Gerald Boate ; and now published by Samuell Hartlib for the common good of Ireland and more especially for the benefit of the adventurers and planters therein.	Boate, Gerard, 1604-1650.; Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.	1657 (1657)	Wing B3373; ESTC R27215	105,129	208

the_o ordure_n of_o the_o street_n be_v under_o ground_n convey_v into_o the_o city_n ditch_n pass_v under_o the_o yard_n wherein_a the_o say_v well_o dam_v up_o since_o this_o sad_a accident_n do_v stand_v so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o believe_v that_o that_o deadly_a infection_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o same_o well_o have_v partly_o be_v cause_v through_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o same_o sewer_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o freestone_n marble_n flint_n slate_n and_o seacoles_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o freestone_n have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n which_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n we_o shall_v now_o go_v on_o to_o speak_v of_o several_a other_o substance_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n there_o of_o a_o less_o noble_a nature_n but_o nevertheless_o profitable_a and_o serve_v for_o several_a good_a use_n to_o begin_v with_o freestone_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o be_v gray_a or_o ash-coloured_a and_o the_o other_o blue_a which_o both_o for_o the_o most_o part_n lie_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n cover_v over_o with_o very_o little_a earth_n be_v raise_v with_o small_a labour_n and_o charge_n whereas_o in_o most_o other_o country_n it_o be_v as_o much_o labour_n to_o dig_v freestone_n as_o the_o metal_n themselves_o the_o blue_a freestone_n be_v not_o very_o abundant_a and_o as_o little_a in_o request_n as_o unfit_a for_o great_a building_n it_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o small_a unshape_o piece_n and_o when_o they_o be_v big_a common_o break_v in_o the_o raise_n and_o hew_v partly_o through_o the_o unskilfullness_n of_o the_o workman_n there_o and_o chief_o because_o they_o be_v exceed_o hard_a and_o can_v well_o endure_v the_o iron_n the_o gray_a freestone_n which_o be_v find_v very_o abundant_o in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n and_o may_v easy_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o stone_n of_o all_o bigness_n or_o fashion_n wherefore_o also_o this_o sort_n have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a to_o all_o the_o church_n castle_n and_o edifice_n which_o since_o the_o conquest_n have_v be_v build_v by_o they_o for_o the_o irish_a themselves_o never_o have_v the_o skill_n nor_o industry_n to_o erect_v any_o considerable_a building_n of_o freestone_n brick_n or_o other_o the_o like_a material_n their_o dwelling_n be_v very_o poor_a and_o contemptible_a cottage_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a at_o their_o first_o come_v find_v several_a maritine-towne_n in_o ireland_n with_o stonewall_n and_o house_n the_o church_n also_o not_o only_o in_o those_o but_o in_o many_o other_o town_n be_v of_o the_o same_o but_o build_v by_o stranger_n who_o be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o inhabit_v several_a part_n of_o the_o seacoast_n some_o age_n before_o the_o english-conquest_n which_o people_n call_v themselves_o oastman_n or_o easterling_n all_o those_o country_n of_o the_o which_o they_o be_v come_v be_v situate_v to_o the_o east_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 2._o certain_a evil_a property_n of_o the_o irish_a freestone_n this_o sort_n of_o grey_a freestone_n in_o ireland_n have_v a_o bad_a quality_n that_o it_o draw_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n continual_o to_o it_o and_o so_o become_v dank_a and_o wet_a both_o in_o and_o outside_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o much_o rain_n to_o mend_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o english_a do_v wainscot_n those_o wall_n with_o oak_n or_o other_o board_n or_o line_v they_o with_o a_o thin_a crust_n of_o brick_n sect_n 3._o of_o the_o marble_n beside_o the_o freestone_n which_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v marble_n find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o several_a sort_n one_o be_v red_a streak_v with_o white_a and_o other_o colour_n such_o as_o with_o a_o peculiar_a name_n be_v call_v porphyre_n other_o black_a very_o curious_o streak_v with_o white_a and_o some_o all_o of_o one_o colour_n the_o first_o two_o sort_n be_v find_v but_o in_o small_a quantity_n especial_o the_o second_o but_o the_o last_o be_v very_o abundant_a in_o some_o place_n but_o most_o about_o kilkenny_n where_o not_o only_o many_o house_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o but_o whole_a street_n be_v pave_v with_o it_o sect._n 4._o description_n of_o the_o marble-quarrie_n at_o kilkenny_n the_o quarry_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v their_o marble_n at_o kilkenney_n be_v not_o above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n and_o belong_v to_o no_o body_n in_o particular_a lie_v in_o common_a for_o all_o the_o townsman_n who_o at_o any_o time_n may_v fetch_v as_o much_o out_o of_o it_o as_o seem_v good_a unto_o they_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o it_o it_o be_v in_o fashion_n like_o unto_o quarry_n of_o freestone_n to_o wit_n a_o wide_a open_a pit_n whereout_o stone_n and_o pillar_n of_o great_a thickness_n and_o height_n may_v be_v dig_v this_o marble_n whilst_o it_o be_v rude_a and_o as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n look_v grayish_a but_o be_v polish_v it_o get_v a_o fine_a bluish_a colour_n draw_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o black_a sect._n 5._o of_o the_o flint_n although_o flint_n be_v not_o dig_v from_o under_o the_o ground_n yet_o shall_v we_o give_v they_o a_o place_n next_o to_o the_o freestone_n and_o marble_n because_o of_o the_o affinity_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o they_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n in_o great_a abundance_n near_o the_o seaside_n within_o the_o land_n upon_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o in_o the_o river_n many_o of_o which_o have_v not_o only_o their_o bank_n cover_v with_o they_o but_o also_o the_o bottom_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o that_o for_o great_a space_n together_o which_o as_o they_o be_v o●_n all_o size_n and_o fashion_n so_o of_o very_o different_a colour_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o slate_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o ireland_n slate_n be_v find_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o nothing_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o freestone_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v with_o little_a charge_n and_o labour_n wherefore_o at_o all_o time_n it_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n for_o the_o cover_n of_o their_o house_n and_o other_o building_n nevertheless_o some_o year_n since_o in_o place_n near_o the_o sea_n especial_o at_o dublin_n that_o kind_n of_o holland_n tile_n which_o by_o they_o be_v call_v pannen_n begin_v to_o be_v use_v general_o the_o merchant_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n because_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v neither_o convenient_a stuff_n to_o make_v they_o of_o nor_o workman_n skilful_a in_o that_o business_n although_o the_o common_a tile_n usual_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n be_v make_v and_o use_v in_o several_a place_n within_o the_o land_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o cover_v in_o use_n both_o for_o church_n and_o house_n to_o wit_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wooden_a tile_n vulgar_o call_v shingles_n the_o which_o be_v sight_n enough_o at_o the_o first_o but_o do_v not_o many_o year_n continue_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o change_v they_o often_o which_o thing_n proper_o not_o appertain_v to_o this_o chapter_n we_o nevertheless_o for_o affinity_n sake_n have_v think_v not_o amiss_o here_o to_o mention_v some_o year_n ago_o another_o kind_n of_o slate_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n which_o for_o the_o colours-sake_n be_v call_v black-slate_n be_v of_o a_o blackish_a colour_n which_o be_v come_v into_o great_a esteem_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o cover_v house_n for_o which_o they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o common_a slate_n but_o because_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n very_o good_a and_o medicinal_a against_o several_a disease_n especial_o to_o stay_v all_o kind_n of_o bleed_v and_o to_o hinder_v that_o after_o fall_v and_o bruise_n the_o blood_n do_v not_o congeal_v within_o the_o body_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o sea-coal_n the_o tree_n and_o wood_n have_v be_v so_o much_o destroy_v in_o ireland_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v and_o consequent_o wood_n for_o fire_v be_v very_o dear_a in_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v use_n of_o other_o fuel_n viz._n of_o turf_n and_o of_o sea-coal_n of_o the_o turf_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o for_o sea-coal_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a fire_n in_o dublin_n &_o in_o other_o place_n lie_v near_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o

taste_v in_o which_o property_n nevertheless_o and_o in_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v find_v and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o in_o other_o country_n for_o those_o which_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o gravelly_a or_o sandy_a ground_n be_v pure_a than_o those_o that_o spring_n out_o of_o earth_n or_o clay_n those_o that_o rise_v out_o of_o a_o stony_a or_o rocky_a ground_n cool_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a those_o that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o free_o receive_v the_o bea●●_n thereof_o especial_o of_o the_o morning_n sun_n have_v light_a and_o wholesome_a water_n although_o less_o cool_a than_o those_o which_o be_v contrary_o seat_v and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n sect._n 2._o spaes_n and_o holy-wel_n in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o some_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n some_o of_o they_o not_o far_o from_o dublin_n and_o other_o in_o other_o part_n who_o vein_n run_v through_o certain_a mineral_n and_o wash_v off_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o yield_v a_o medicinal_a water_n apt_a to_o open_v the_o obstruction_n of_o man_n body_n and_o to_o cure_v other_o accident_n thereof_o which_o kind_n of_o fountain_n be_v common_o call_v spaes_n a_o name_n borrow_v of_o a_o certain_a village_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o that_o sort_n absolute_o the_o princpal_a and_o the_o most_o effectual_a of_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o therefore_o of_o very_o great_a renown_n in_o near_a and_o in_o far_a country_n beside_o these_o spaes_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o fountain_n throughout_o all_o the_o land_n call_v holy-wel_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o water_n not_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o other_o well_n in_o smell_n taste_n or_o in_o any_o other_o sensible_a quality_n neverthelese_fw-mi be_v believe_v to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n but_o experience_n do_v show_v that_o those_o virtue_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o spring_n themselves_o but_o only_o in_o the_o vain_a imagination_n of_o the_o superstitious_a people_n the_o which_o also_o have_v dedicate_v every_o one_o of_o those_o to_o some_o particular_a saint_n do_v expect_v the_o suppose_a virtue_n rather_o from_o the_o power_n of_o they_o than_o from_o any_o natural_a efficaciousness_n inherent_a in_o the_o water_n itself_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o fabulous_a fountain_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la as_o for_o those_o wonderful_a spring_n mention_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la one_o in_o munster_n who_o water_n present_o make_v they_o gray_a that_o wash_v their_o head_n or_o beard_n therewith_o one_o in_o ulster_n of_o quite_o contrary_a virtue_n so_o that_o the_o person_n wash_v therewith_o never_o come_v to_o be_v gray_a one_o in_o connaught_n who_o water_n good_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o drink_n and_o other_o use_n of_o man_n be_v hurtful_a yea_o deadly_a to_o cattle_n sheep_n horse_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o yet_o another_o in_o the_o same_o province_n the_o which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n side_n eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o a_o day_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v not_o hitherto_o come_v to_o the_o speech_n of_o any_o who_o in_o our_o time_n have_v see_v those_o fountain_n or_o observe_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o they_o which_o make_v i_o doubt_n that_o that_o good_a man_n have_v be_v deceive_v herein_o by_o his_o credulity_n as_o in_o innumerable_a other_o thing_n the_o which_o be_v evident_o untrue_a and_o fictitious_a be_v by_o he_o relate_v for_o certain_a truth_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n who_o see_v not_o the_o idleness_n of_o that_o fiction_n concern_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o munster_n whereof_o he_o write_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o body_n do_v touch_v it_o or_o but_o look_v at_o it_o it_o begin_v present_o to_o rain_v most_o heavy_o over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v until_o a_o certain_a priest_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o who_o have_v never_o lose_v his_o maidenhead_n do_v appease_v the_o fountain_n in_o sing_v a_o mass_n in_o a_o chapel_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o and_o build_v express_o for_o that_o end_n and_o in_o be_v sprinkle_v the_o same_o fountain_n with_o holywater_n and_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o cow_n of_o one_o colour_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o brook_n in_o ireland_n no_o country_n in_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o brook_n than_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a &_o water_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n on_o all_o side_n they_o take_v their_o beginning_n three_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n some_o have_v their_o source_n of_o fountain_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a not_o only_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o water_n but_o of_o one_o spring_n most_o of_o which_o be_v rather_o like_a unto_o a_o gutter_n than_o a_o brook_n but_o even_o those_o into_o which_o the_o water_n of_o several_a fountain_n do_v flow_v together_o other_o rise_v out_o of_o bog_n the_o which_o beside_o their_o own_o universal_a wetness_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o gather_v in_o they_o more_o water_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o drink_v in_o or_o contain_v do_v necessary_o send_v out_o the_o same_o in_o convenient_a place_n and_o so_o give_v a_o beginning_n unto_o rivulet_n and_o brook_n the_o three_o sort_n take_v their_o beginning_n out_o of_o certain_a small_a lough_n which_o brook_v ordinary_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o far_o surpass_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n although_o there_o do_v not_o want_v some_o even_o of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o any_o of_o these_o kind_n who_o come_v to_o any_o notable_a bigness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o be_v solitary_a and_o until_o have_v receive_v the_o water_n of_o several_a other_o brook_n do_v thereby_o grow_v more_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v in_o their_o first_o original_n these_o brook_n beside_o the_o great_a good_a they_o do_v the_o land_n in_o water_v the_o same_o &_o beside_o the_o commodity_n they_o afford_v of_o drench_a the_o cattle_n &_o other_o beast_n do_v also_o great_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o another_o good_a use_n to_o wit_v the_o grind_n of_o their_o corn_n whereunto_o the_o windmill_n be_v very_o little_o use_v in_o ireland_n because_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n through_o the_o great_a number_n of_o brook_n to_o erect_v watermill_n in_o every_o quarter_n where_o it_o be_v necessary_a which_o bring_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o owner_n be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v with_o less_o cost_n and_o labour_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o swell_a and_o overflow_n of_o the_o brook_n some_o of_o the_o brook_n do_v flow_v in_o a_o equal_a bigness_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o receive_v any_o notable_a increase_n or_o diminish_n but_o far_o the_o major_a part_n do_v change_v according_a to_o the_o wet_a or_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o ye●r_n and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n or_o run_v through_o hilly_a country_n swell_v so_o excessive_o when_o any_o great_a rain_n do_v fall_v that_o they_o not_o only_o overflow_v the_o next_o low_a ground_n do_v many_o time_n great_a damage_n in_o they_o but_o also_o bring_v the_o wafer_v man_n into_o great_a distress_n for_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v very_o oft_o that_o a_o brook_n which_o ordinary_o be_v very_o shallow_a and_o still_o riseth_z so_o mighty_o through_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o rain_n water_n which_o from_o the_o next_o mountain_n and_o hill_n descend_v into_o it_o that_o a_o good_a horse_n can_v pass_v without_o swim_v where_o at_o other_o time_n a_o child_n easy_o may_v wade_v over_o and_o with_o that_o adundance_n of_o water_n be_v common_o join_v so_o strong_a and_o impetuous_a a_o current_n that_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v often_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o to_o their_o extreme_a danger_n and_o what_o soever_o we_o say_v herein_a of_o the_o brook_n be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o river_n the_o which_o otherwise_o in_o convenient_a place_n or_o foard_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o wherein_o the_o aforesaid_a danger_n be_v great_a yet_o so_o that_o few_o year_n pass_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o some_o person_n be_v not_o drown_v in_o that_o fashion_n sect._n 6._o strange_a invention_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pass_v a_o brook_n great_o rise_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o rain_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o insert_v here_o a_o particular_a observe_v by_o a_o very_a credible_a and_o reverend_a person_n theophilus_n buckwort_n bishop_n of_o dremore_n the_o which_o he_o have_v several_a time_n relate_v to_o

our_o saviour_n a_o eleven_o hundred_o seventy_o and_o one_o but_o the_o english_a have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o land_n do_v by_o degree_n great_o diminish_v the_o wood_n in_o all_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v master_n partly_o to_o deprive_v the_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o use_v to_o lurk_v in_o the_o wood_n in_o great_a number_n of_o their_o refuge_n and_o startinghole_n and_o partly_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a scope_n of_o profitable_a land_n for_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o the_o root_n stub_a up_o and_o the_o land_n use_v and_o till_v according_a to_o exigency_n the_o wood_n in_o most_o part_n of_o ireland_n may_v be_v reduce_v not_o only_o to_o very_o good_a pasture_n but_o also_o to_o excellent_a arable_a and_o meadow_n through_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n yea_o of_o some_o age_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o the_o english_a find_v in_o ireland_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n there_o be_v quite_o destroy_v so_o as_o nothing_o at_o all_o remain_v of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n sect._n 3_o diminish_v of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n and_o even_o since_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o last_o great_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a before_o this_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o tirone_n overthrow_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o her_o viceroy_n sir_n charles_n blunt_n lord_n mountjoy_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o devonshire_n and_o during_o this_o last_o peace_n of_o about_o forty_o year_n the_o long_a that_o ireland_n ever_o enjoy_v both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a the_o remain_a wood_n have_v very_o much_o be_v diminish_v and_o in_o sundry_a place_n quite_o destroy_v partly_o for_o the_o reason_n last_o mention_v and_o partly_o for_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n itself_o not_o for_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o building_n and_o fire_v the_o which_o ever_o have_v be_v afoot_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o what_o now_o we_o speak_v of_o but_o to_o make_v merchandise_n of_o and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o charcoal_n for_o the_o ironwork_n as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o great_a timber_n have_v ever_o be_v use_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o ireland_n in_o any_o great_a quantity_n nor_o in_o any_o ordinary_a way_n of_o traffic_n but_o only_a pipe-stave_n and_o the_o like_a of_o which_o good_a store_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v out_o of_o the_o land_n even_o in_o former_a time_n but_o never_o in_o that_o vast_a quantity_n nor_o so_o constant_o as_o of_o late_a year_n and_o during_o the_o last_o peace_n wherein_o it_o be_v grow_v one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a merchandable_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n so_o as_o a_o mighty_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o they_o and_o whole_a ship-loads_a send_v into_o foreign_a country_n yearly_a which_o as_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n to_o the_o proprietary_n so_o the_o fell_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o tree_n every_o year_n as_o be_v employ_v that_o way_n do_v make_v a_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o tract_n of_o time_n as_o for_o the_o charcoal_n it_o be_v incredible_a what_o quantity_n thereof_o be_v consume_v by_o one_o ironwork_n in_o a_o year_n and_o whereas_o there_o be_v never_o a_o ironwork_n in_o ireland_n before_o there_o have_v be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o they_o erect_v since_o the_o last_o peace_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o every_o province_n the_o which_o to_o furnish_v constant_o with_o charcoal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o fell_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o tree_n all_o the_o loping_n and_o windfall_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o it_o in_o the_o least_o manner_n sect._n 4._o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n very_o bare_a of_o wood_n at_o this_o time_n through_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n ireland_n have_v be_v make_v so_o bare_a of_o wood_n in_o many_o part_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o only_o want_v wood_n for_o fire_v be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o make_v shift_n with_o turf_n or_o sea-coal_n where_o they_o be_v not_o too_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o timber_n for_o building_n so_o as_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o fetch_v it_o a_o good_a way_n off_o to_o their_o great_a charge_n especial_o in_o place_n where_o it_o must_v be_v bring_v by_o land_n and_o in_o some_o part_n you_o many_o travel_n whole_a day_n long_o without_o see_v any_o wood_n or_o tree_n except_o a_o few_o about_o gentleman_n house_n as_o namely_o from_o dublin_n and_o from_o place_n that_o be_v some_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o south_n of_o it_o to_z tredagh_o dundalk_v the_o nurie_n and_o as_o far_o as_o dremore_n in_o which_o whole_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v above_o threescore_o mile_n one_o do_v not_o come_v near_o any_o wood_n worth_a the_o speak_n of_o and_o in_o some_o part_n thereof_o you_o shall_v not_o see_v so_o much_o as_o one_o tree_n in_o many_o mile_n for_o the_o great_a wood_n which_o the_o map_n do_v represent_v unto_o we_o upon_o the_o mountain_n between_o dundalk_n and_o the_o nury_n be_v quite_o vanish_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o these_o many_o year_n since_o but_o one_o only_a tree_n stand_v close_o by_o the_o highway_n at_o the_o very_a top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n so_o as_o it_o may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o therefore_o serve_v traveller_n for_o a_o mark_n section_n 5._o many_o great_a wood_n still_o leave_v in_o ireland_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n occasion_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a cause_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a wood_n remain_v and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o other_o province_n but_o even_o in_o leinster_n itself_o for_o the_o county_n of_o wickloe_n kings-county_n and_o queens-county_n all_o three_o in_o that_o province_n be_v throughout_o full_a of_o wood_n some_o whereof_o be_v many_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o wexford_n and_o carloe_n be_v likewise_o great_o furnish_v with_o they_o in_o ulster_n there_o be_v great_a forest_n in_o the_o county_n of_o donegall_a and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o tirone_n in_o the_o country_n call_v glankankin_n also_o in_o the_o county_n of_o fermanagh_n along_o lough-earne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o antrim_n and_o in_o the_o north-part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o in_o the_o two_o country_n call_v killulta_fw-la and_o kilwarlin_n beside_o several_a other_o lesser_a wood_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o that_o province_n but_o the_o county_n of_o louth_n and_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o down_o armagh_n monaghan_n and_o cavan_n all_o in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o bare_a not_o only_o of_o wood_n but_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n even_o in_o place_n which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a age_n in_o the_o war_n with_o tirone_n be_v encumber_a with_o great_a and_o thick_a forest_n in_o munster_n where_o the_o english_a especial_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n have_v make_v great_a havoc_n of_o the_o wood_n during_o the_o last_o peace_n there_o be_v still_o sundry_a great_a forest_n remain_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o of_o tipperary_n and_o even_o in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n where_o the_o great_a destruction_n thereof_o have_v be_v make_v some_o great_a wood_n be_v yet_o remain_v there_o be_v also_o store_n of_o scatter_a wood_n both_o in_o that_o county_n and_o all_o the_o province_n over_o connaught_n be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n in_o most_o part_n but_o have_v very_o few_o forest_n or_o great_a wood_n except_o in_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o sligo_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o iron-mine_n sect._n 1_o all_o the_o mine_n in_o ireland_n discover_v by_o the_o new-english_a the_o old-english_a in_o ireland_n that_o be_v those_o who_o be_v come_v in_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o conquest_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n have_v be_v so_o plague_v with_o war_n from_o time_n to_o time_n one_o while_o intestine_a among_o themselves_o and_o another_o while_n with_o the_o irish_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o ever_o find_v the_o opportunity_n of_o seek_v for_o mine_n and_o search_v out_o the_o metal_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o irish_a themselves_o as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v at_o all_o time_n be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v out_o any_o that_o even_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o since_o the_o english_a have_v begin_v to_o discover_v some_o none_o of_o they_o all_o great_a nor_o small_a

for_o else_o one_o will_v run_v great_a hazard_n to_o sustain_v great_a loss_n and_o to_o have_v all_o spoil_v but_o those_o that_o be_v vigilant_a and_o careful_a and_o that_o lose_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o do_v common_o in_o the_o end_n get_v in_o their_o increase_n well_o enough_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a hindrance_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o year_n of_o dearth_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o most_o year_n there_o be_v not_o only_a corn_n enough_o get_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o send_v out_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o grain_n into_o other_o country_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o foul_a weather_n the_o night_n be_v often_o fair_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n weather_n be_v common_o fair_a again_o for_o some_o week_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o long_o which_o as_o it_o do_v serve_v for_o to_o dry_v up_o and_o to_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n which_o till_o then_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o field_n the_o too_o much_o wet_a have_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v bring_v away_o soon_o so_o it_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o plough_v the_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o winter-corn_n the_o which_o otherwise_o will_v very_o hardly_o be_v do_v for_o that_o season_n be_v once_o past_a you_o have_v very_o little_a dry_a weather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o during_o all_o winter_n and_o although_o it_o do_v seldom_o rain_v continual_o for_o many_o day_n together_o yet_o be_v the_o wetness_n very_o great_a and_o few_o week_n do_v pass_v wherein_o be_v not_o two_o or_o three_o rainy_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o ordinary_o it_o rain_v in_o ireland_n much_o more_o by_o day_n than_o by_o night_n and_o that_o many_o time_n when_o it_o do_v rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o the_o night_n between_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o fair_a the_o which_o also_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o other_o foul_a weather_n and_o when_o all_o day_n long_o the_o sky_n be_v overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o mist_n sect._n 5._o some_o dry_a summer_n in_o ireland_n but_o hardly_o ever_o any_o too_o dry_a but_o although_o it_o be_v ordinary_o thus_o in_o ireland_n yet_o the_o same_o inconstancy_n and_o variableness_n of_o year_n and_o season_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o other_o country_n do_v also_o here_o occur_v and_o that_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o summer_n &_o dry_a weather_n than_o of_o the_o winter_n and_o cold_a for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a seldom_o to_o have_v there_o a_o hard_a winter_n and_o long_o ●rost_v but_o summer_n have_v be_v which_o be_v full_a of_o very_o dry_a and_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a weather_n but_o as_o winter_n cruel_o cold_a so_o likewise_o over-dry_a summer_n do_v in_o this_o island_n hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n in_o ireland_n that_o the_o very_a dry_v summer_n there_o never_o hurt_v the_o land_n for_o although_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o dry_a ground_n may_v get_v harm_n nevertheless_o the_o country_n in_o general_n get_v more_o good_a than_o hurt_n by_o it_o and_o when_o any_o dearth_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o ireland_n they_o be_v not_o cause_v through_o immoderate_a heat_n and_o drought_n as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n but_o through_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o excessive_a rain_n sect._n 6._o amendment_n of_o the_o wet_a air_n in_o ireland_n how_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o the_o irish-air_n be_v great_o defectuous_a in_o this_o part_n and_o too_o much_o subject_n to_o wet_a and_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o if_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o better_a temperature_n and_o as_o free_v from_o too_o much_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v from_o excessive_a cold_a it_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o very_o few_o country_n can_v be_v name_v that_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o ireland_n for_o agreeable_a temperateness_n and_o although_o it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o any_o revolution_n of_o time_n will_v produce_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o this_o the_o which_o indeed_o in_o some_o other_o country_n have_v cause_v wonderful_a change_n because_o that_o those_o who_o many_o age_n ago_o have_v write_v of_o this_o island_n do_v witness_v the_o self_n same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o we_o do_v find_v in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o great_a probability_n that_o this_o defect_n may_v in_o part_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n if_o the_o country_n be_v once_o inhabit_v throughout_o by_o a_o civil_a nation_n care_n be_v take_v every_o where_o to_o diminish_v and_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o the_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n whereby_o this_o too_o great_a moystness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v great_o increase_v and_o partly_o also_o occasion_v this_o opinion_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o some_o uncertain_a speculation_n but_o upon_o assure_a experience_n for_o several_a know_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o already_o some_o year_n since_o good_a beginning_n have_v be_v see_v of_o it_o and_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o where_o great_a extent_n of_o bog_n have_v be_v drain_v and_o reduce_v to_o dry_a land_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o year_n one_o after_o another_o that_o they_o have_v have_v a_o dry_a air_n and_o much_o less_o trouble_v with_o rain_n than_o in_o former_a time_n herewith_o agree_v what_o we_o read_v in_o that_o famous_a writer_n pliny_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n concern_v that_o part_n of_o macedon_n wherein_o the_o city_n philippi_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o air_n former_o have_v be_v very_o rainy_a be_v great_o amend_v by_o the_o alter_a the_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n his_o word_n be_v these_o circa_n philippos_n cultura_fw-la siccata_fw-la regio_fw-la mutavit_fw-la coeli_fw-la habitum_fw-la that_o be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o country_n about_o philippi_n be_v dry_v up_o through_o tillage_n have_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o lightning_n earthquake_n and_o wind_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o dew_n the_o naturalist_n and_o geographer_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o dew_v exceed_o in_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n and_o that_o the_o less_o it_o use_v to_o rain_v in_o a_o country_n the_o dew_n do_v fall_v there_o the_o more_o abundant_o whereby_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o wet_a climate_n it_o dew_v very_o little_a and_o consequent_o that_o in_o ireland_n where_o it_o rain_v so_o very_a much_o the_o dew_n must_v be_v very_o scanty_a but_o there_o be_v as_o much_o dew_n there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n hot_a and_o dry_a only_o thus_o much_o experience_n do_v show_v in_o ireland_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o other_o country_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o inform_v myself_o that_o when_o it_o be_v towards_o any_o great_a rain_n little_a or_o no_o dew_n do_v fall_v so_o as_o in_o those_o time_n go_v forth_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o the_o green_a field_n you_o will_v find_v they_o altogether_o dry_a and_o that_o even_o in_o that_o season_n wherein_o the_o dew_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o neighbour_a country_n use_v to_o fall_v more_o abundant_o than_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o great_a rain_n be_v to_o fall_v sudden_o and_o common_o after_o such_o a_o dry_a and_o dewless_a night_n it_o use_v to_o rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o but_o the_o precede_a rain_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o dew_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v imminent_a and_o it_o be_v find_v ordinary_o that_o in_o a_o clear_a night_n follow_a a_o rainy_a day_n the_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n the_o dew_n come_v down_o as_o liberal_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v the_o day_n before_o sect._n 2._o of_o may-dew_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o gather_v and_o preserve_v it_o the_o english_a woman_n and_o gentlewoman_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n do_v use_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n to_o gather_v good_a store_n of_o dew_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o all_o the_o year_n after_o

so_o in_o a_o manner_n do_v meet_v the_o sure_a who_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n for_o which_o consideration_n these_o three_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v the_o three_o sister_n as_o giraldus_n witness_v both_o the_o our_o and_o the_o barrow_n be_v portable_a many_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n the_o our_o only_o with_o little_a boat_n and_o with_o cot_n they_o call_v in_o ireland_n cot_n thing_n like_o boat_n but_o very_o unshape_o be_v nothing_o but_o square_a piece_n of_o timber_n make_v hollow_a but_o the_o barrow_n with_o good_a big_a bo_n the_o slay_a fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o our_o for_o length_n and_o bigness_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o liffie_a and_o the_o boine_n the_o liffie_a be_v the_o princess_n of_o the_o irish-river_n not_o for_o her_o bigness_n for_o not_o only_o the_o shanon_n but_o the_o boine_n barrow_n and_o several_a other_o do_v far_o surpass_v she_o therein_o but_o because_o dublin_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o ireland_n be_v seat_v upon_o her_o bank_n a_o mile_n below_o which_o city_n at_o a_o place_n call_v rings-end_n she_o lose_v herself_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v dublin-haven_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o flood_n ship_n of_o fifty_o and_o threescore_o tun_n can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n but_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o and_o at_o the_o low_a the_o small_a boat_n find_v hardly_o water_n enough_o to_o go_v between_o dublin_n and_o rings-end_n because_o the_o channel_n be_v very_o broad_a there_o the_o water_n spread_v itself_o too_o much_o and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o grow_v very_o shallow_a but_o in_o the_o city_n itself_o where_o she_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o the_o key_n on_o both_o side_n and_o from_o the_o bridge_n of_o dublin_n until_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n and_o a_o little_a further_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n in_o which_o space_n she_o run_v between_o she_o own_o bank_n great_a boat_n may_v go_v upon_o she_o at_o any_o time_n she_o will_v be_v navigable_a with_o boat_n some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_o but_o the_o wear_v make_v in_o she_o a_o little_a way_n above_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n do_v hinder_v that_o this_o river_n take_v her_o beginning_n in_o the_o mountain_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n not_o above_o ten_o mile_n from_o it_o but_o fetch_v such_o a_o compass_n bend_v her_o coast_n first_o to_o the_o west_n afterward_o to_o the_o north_n and_o last_o for_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n eastward_o that_o from_o her_o original_n to_o her_o mouth_n be_v the_o space_n of_o no_o less_o than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o mile_n the_o boine_n the_o river_n where-on_a tredagh_n be_v seat_v have_v her_o beginning_n in_o king_n county_n close_o by_o the_o original_n of_o the_o barrow_n although_o the_o place_n where_o the_o barrow_n fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n be_v above_o fourscore_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boine_n this_o river_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n in_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o her_o course_n and_o will_v be_v portable_a of_o good_a big_a boat_n very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n if_o that_o be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o wear_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o band_n and_o blackwater_n the_o principal_a river_n in_o ulster_n of_o those_o that_o fall_v direct_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o band_n the_o which_o as_o in_o her_o mouth_n she_o be_v encumber_v with_o several_a inconvenient_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n so_o she_o be_v portable_a but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o a_o certain_a rock_n the_o which_o run_v across_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o one_o bank_n to_o the_o other_o stop_v all_o manner_n of_o passage_n not_o only_o of_o big_a vessel_n and_o bark_n but_o of_o the_o small_a boat_n which_o dare_v not_o come_v near_o the_o same_o rock_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o high_a and_o the_o water_n from_o it_o fall_v downward_o with_o great_a violence_n it_o go_v for_o some_o space_n with_o a_o mighty_a current_n this_o rock_n or_o cataract_n call_v vulgar_o the_o salmon-leap_a for_o a_o reason_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o fall_v because_o of_o the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o above_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n hinder_v all_o manner_n of_o communication_n between_o the_o same_o and_o lough_n neaugh_n from_o the_o which_o this_o cataract_n be_v distant_a about_o three_o mile_n whereas_o otherwise_o if_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o lough_n be_v open_a ship_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n not_o only_o the_o whole_a length_n and_o breadth_n of_o lough_n neaugh_n which_o every_o where_o be_v very_o deep_a and_o navigable_a even_o for_o great_a ship_n but_o even_o a_o good_a many_o mile_n far_o with_o good_a big_a boat_n by_o mean_n of_o some_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o especial_o the_o blackwater_n which_o be_v the_o princpal_a of_o they_o all_o for_o the_o band_n although_o she_o give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o river_n go_v out_o of_o the_o lough_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o blackwater_n for_o breadth_n nor_o depth_n be_v rather_o a_o brook_n than_o a_o river_n the_o which_o be_v very_o shallow_a at_o other_o time_n do_v rise_v so_o excessive_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o much_o rain_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o dangerous_a and_o terrible_a brook_n of_o all_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o therefore_o from_o time_n to_o time_n many_o man_n and_o horse_n have_v be_v drown_v at_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o sect._n 5._o of_o the_o lagon_n and_o nury-water_n tide-river_n beside_o the_o band_n and_o the_o blackwater_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o river_n in_o ulster_n but_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o strebane_a and_o london-derrie_a discharge_v itself_o into_o loughfoile_n for_o the_o lagon_n heretofore_o mention_v by_o we_o which_o by_o belfast_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o nury-water_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o carlingford-haven_n and_o some_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v proper_o brook_v and_o not_o portable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o own_o water_n but_o of_o that_o which_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n flow_v into_o they_o as_o appear_z clear_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o for_o than_o they_o be_v as_o small_a and_o as_o little_a portable_a in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o boat_n and_o big_a vessel_n do_v pass_v at_o high_a water_n as_o be_v they_o at_o all_o time_n in_o those_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o tide_n do_v never_o reach_v which_o kind_n of_o tide-river_n or_o brook_n which_o only_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o tide_n be_v make_v navigable_a for_o a_o little_a way_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o province_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o cataract_n in_o the_o irish_a river_n beside_o that_o the_o navigable_a river_n be_v but_o rare_a in_o ireland_n and_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o be_v only_o portable_a of_o very_o small_a vessel_n and_o boat_n not_o of_o any_o big_a ship_n or_o bark_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a relation_n there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n who_o have_v not_o some_o impediment_n or_o other_o in_o they_o whereby_o it_o come_v that_o they_o be_v not_o portable_a so_o far_o as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v these_o impediment_n be_v chief_o three_o in_o number_n cataract_n wear_v and_o foard_n whereof_o the_o last_o two_o do_v only_o concern_v the_o lesser_a river_n the_o first_o to_o wit_v the_o cataract_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o great_a river_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o shanon_n and_o the_o band_n whereby_o also_o full_o may_v be_v conceive_v the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o say_a cataract_n so_o as_o it_o be_v needless_a here_o again_o to_o delineate_v they_o such_o a_o cataract_n or_o fall_v there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o liffie_a seven_o mile_n from_o dublin_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n above_o the_o village_n and_o castle_n of_o leslip_n the_o description_n of_o which_o as_o hold_v it_o not_o improper_a for_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o as_o it_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n from_o those_o who_o have_v observe_v it_o very_o exact_o the_o say_a river_n run_v there_o about_o along_o a_o narrow_a and_o deep_a valley_n be_v hem_v in_o at_o both_o side_n with_o high_a hill_n of_o a_o long_a continuance_n have_v a_o very_a rocky_a channel_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v overspread_v in_o several_a part_n with_o

be_v make_v to_o believe_v that_o st_n patrick_n by_o who_o the_o irish_a be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian-faith_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n have_v cause_v the_o same_o and_o obtain_v it_o of_o god_n by_o his_o prayer_n to_o convince_v the_o unbeliever_n of_o of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o of_o the_o torment_n which_o after_o this_o life_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o wicked_a person_n wherefore_o also_o they_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o st_n patrick_n purgatory_n but_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o nothing_o of_o it_o be_v know_v in_o ireland_n during_o the_o life_n of_o that_o holy_a person_n nor_o in_o a_o huge_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v devise_v some_o age_n after_o his_o death_n when_o that_o the_o general_a darkness_n of_o the_o time_n minister_v a_o great_a opportunity_n of_o such_o like_a invention_n to_o those_o kind_n of_o man_n that_o know_v how_o to_o abuse_v the_o blind_a devotion_n of_o ignorant_a and_o superstitious_a people_n to_o their_o own_o profit_n and_o filthy_a lucre_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o property_n of_o lough-neaugh_a of_o turn_v wood_n into_o stone_n before_o we_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o chapter_n we_o must_v say_v something_o of_o the_o wonderful_a property_n which_o general_o be_v ascribe_v to_o lough-neaugh_a of_o turn_v wood_n into_o stone_n whereunto_o some_o do_v add_v to_o double_v the_o wonder_n that_o the_o wood_n be_v turn_v not_o only_o into_o stone_n but_o into_o iron_n and_o that_o a_o branch_n or_o pole_n be_v stick_v into_o the_o ground_n somewhere_o by_o the_o side_n where_o it_o be_v not_o too_o deep_a after_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n one_o shall_v find_v that_o piece_n of_o the_o stick_n which_o stick_v in_o the_o ground_n turn_v into_o iron_n and_o the_o middle_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o water_n into_o stone_n the_o upper-end_n which_o remain_v above_o the_o water_n keep_v its_o former_a nature_n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n i_o believe_v to_o be_v a_o fable_n for_o my_o brother_n who_o have_v be_v several_a time_n in_o place_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o that_o lough_n and_o who_o of_o the_o english_a there_o about_o inhabit_v have_v inquire_v this_o business_n with_o singular_a diligence_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o he_o never_o can_v learn_v any_o such_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o turn_n of_o wood_n into_o stone_n be_v by_o every_o one_o believe_v for_o certain_a as_o have_v be_v try_v divers_a time_n by_o several_a person_n say_v moreover_o to_o have_v understand_v of_o they_o that_o the_o water_n have_v this_o virtue_n only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o that_o not_o every_o where_o but_o only_o in_o some_o few_o place_n especial_o about_o that_o part_n where_o the_o river_n blackwater_n discharge_v herself_o into_o the_o lough_n he_o can_v never_o come_v to_o speak_v with_o any_o person_n who_o themselves_o have_v try_v this_o matter_n but_o with_o several_a who_o affirm_v that_o to_o their_o knowledge_n it_o have_v certain_o be_v do_v by_o other_o of_o their_o acquaintance_n for_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o particular_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v credible_a enough_o see_v that_o in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v find_v water_n endue_v with_o that_o virtue_n serve_v that_o here_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o border_n of_o that_o lough_n be_v find_v little_a stone_n of_o a_o pretty_a length_n some_o of_o they_o round_o in_o their_o compass_n other_o flat_a or_o flattish_a and_o some_o angulous_a the_o which_o be_v look_v on_o as_o well_o near_o as_o from_o afar_o off_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o wood_n and_o by_o every_o one_o be_v take_v for_o such_o until_o one_o come_v to_o touch_v and_o handle_v they_o for_o then_o by_o their_o coldness_n hardness_n and_o weight_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o wood_n but_o stone_n whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o same_o former_o have_v be_v wood_n indeed_o and_o so_o have_v keep_v their_o old_a shape_n and_o fashion_n in_o length_n of_o time_n have_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o stony_a substance_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o water_n wherinto_o they_o be_v fall_v through_o the_o one_o accident_n or_o other_o giraldus_n write_v to_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o well_o or_o fountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o in_o seven_o year_n space_n turn_v into_o stone_n the_o wood_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o see_v that_o no_o body_n now_o adays_o know_v of_o any_o such_o well_o and_o that_o with_o all_o my_o inquire_v i_o can_v never_o come_v to_o hear_v any_o news_n of_o it_o i_o will_v believe_v that_o giraldus_n have_v be_v misinform_v and_o that_o they_o have_v tell_v he_o that_o of_o a_o well_o which_o be_v proper_a unto_o this_o lough_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n both_o for_o the_o outward_a shape_n and_o for_o the_o internal_a quality_n and_o fruitfulness_n sect._n 1_o distinction_n of_o ireland_n into_o champain-land_n hill_n and_o mountain_n the_o land_n of_o this_o island_n as_o of_o most_o all_o other_o country_n be_v of_o a_o various_a kind_n &_o fashion_n for_o some_o part_n be_v goodly_a plain_a champain_n other_o be_v hilly_a some_o mountainous_a and_o other_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o of_o these_o sort_n or_o of_o all_o three_o together_o and_o that_o with_o great_a variety_n the_o which_o also_o be_v very_o great_a in_o those_o three_o un-compounded_n sort_n sect._n 2._o a_o necessary_a observation_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n hill_n and_o mountain_n to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o make_v ourselves_o clear_o understand_v in_o what_o we_o have_v say_v and_o be_v further_a to_o say_v upon_o this_o subject_n we_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o forewarn_v our_o reader_n that_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n hill_n in_o a_o narrow_a signification_n than_o what_o be_v give_v to_o it_o in_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o speech_n for_o whereas_o all_o or_o most_o other_o language_n both_o those_o which_o be_v now_o in_o vulgar_a use_n and_o those_o which_o be_v only_o preserve_v in_o book_n have_v two_o several_a word_n for_o to_o signify_v those_o observable_a height_n which_o appear_v above_o the_o ground_n call_v the_o big_a sort_n by_o one_o name_n and_o the_o lesser_a sort_n by_o another_o the_o english_a language_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n for_o both_o call_z hill_n aswell_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o without_o any_o other_o distinction_n but_o that_o sometime_o the_o word_n small_a or_o great_a be_v add_v now_o because_o this_o word_n so_o indifferent_o use_v will_v cause_v some_o confusion_n in_o the_o matter_n we_o treat_v of_o that_o have_v make_v we_o restrain_v it_o to_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n and_o to_o call_v hill_n only_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v in_o latin_a collis_fw-la in_o french_a colline_a in_o dutch_a heuvel_n and_o in_o irish_a knock_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o big_a sort_n who_o name_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a four_o language_n be_v mons_fw-la mountain_n berg_fw-mi slay_v we_o call_v they_o mountain_n which_o word_n mountain_n although_o it_o be_v good_a english_a yet_o in_o common_a speech_n it_o be_v seldom_o make_v use_n of_o in_o that_o sense_n whereunto_o we_o apply_v it_o but_o only_o to_o signify_v a_o country_n whole_o consist_v of_o those_o great_a hill_n especial_o when_o the_o soil_n thereof_o be_v lean_a and_o unfruitful_a sect._n 3_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o ireland_n and_o first_o of_o the_o low_a sort_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o hill_n and_o mountain_n consist_v in_o bigness_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o in_o the_o number_n of_o mountain_n be_v count_v not_o only_o those_o which_o lift_v up_o themselves_o very_o high_a into_o the_o air_n so_o as_o they_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o but_o also_o those_o the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o more_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n what_o be_v want_v to_o they_o in_o height_n ascend_v slopin_o by_o degree_n the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o ireland_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o this_o second_o part_n of_o mountain_n most_o of_o they_o in_o one_o quarter_n be_v muchwhat_a of_o the_o same_o height_n so_o as_o sometime_o one_o shall_v ride_v some_o hour_n together_o through_o the_o mountainous_a country_n without_o meet_v with_o any_o one_o mountain_n that_o great_o excel_v in_o height_n above_o the_o rest_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o the_o fuse_n betwixt_o dundalk_n and_o armagh_n in_o that_o of_o mourn_v betwixt_o the_o nurie_n and_o dondrom_n each_o of_o those_o two_o be_v above_o twelve_o mile_n long_o in_o all_o that_o space_n which_o be_v betwixt_o kelles_n a_o walled-town_n in_o the_o county_n of_o eastmeath_n and_o

kilacollie_a alias_o bailieborrough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n which_o being_n ten_o mile_n long_o be_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuance_n of_o hill_n of_o no_o great_a bigness_n all_o very_a fruitful_a land_n both_o pasture_n and_o arable_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmeath_n from_o lough-crew_n to_o lough-sillon_a and_o beyond_o it_o as_o far_o as_o ballaneach_v where_o mr_n william_n fleve_v have_v build_v a_o fair_a house_n and_o farm_n ten_o year_n before_o the_o late_a detestable_a massacre_n and_o bloody_a rebellion_n of_o the_o irish._n these_o hill_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n low_a and_o small_a yet_o some_o of_o a_o good_a height_n and_o bigness_n the_o ground_n lean_a in_o many_o place_n very_o stony_a in_o some_o rocky_a not_o of_o any_o one_o continual_a rock_n but-by_a peecemeal_n here_o and_o there_o rise_v and_o appear_v yet_o be_v these_o hill_n in_o several_a place_n wet_a and_o moorish_a aswell_o in_o the_o rocky_a as_o other_o part_n these_o hill_n serve_v only_o for_o pasture_n of_o sheep_n in_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n the_o which_o beginning_n five_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n do_v extend_v itself_o above_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o many_o part_n of_o ireland_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o further_a northward_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o great_a hill_n and_o mountain_n not_o only_o at_o the_o side_n and_o foot_n of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o ground_n be_v uneven_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v plough_v in_o former_a time_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v affirm_v that_o their_o forefather_n be_v much_o give_v to_o tillage_n contrary_a to_o what_o they_o be_v now_o use_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o plow-land_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o want_v of_o arable_a because_o the_o champain_n be_v most_o every_a where_o beset_v and_o over_o spread_v with_o wood_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o war_n they_o say_v further_o that_o in_o those_o time_n in_o place_n where_o nothing_o now_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o great_a log_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n there_o be_v thick_a wood_n which_o they_o collect_v from_o hence_o that_o now_o &_o then_o tree_n be_v dig_v out_o there_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n some_o yard_n long_o and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a great_a bigness_n and_o length_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o mountain_n in_o ireland_n as_o for_o those_o other_o mountain_n the_o which_o with_o a_o excessive_a height_n rise_v up_o towards_o the_o sky_n they_o be_v not_o very_o common_a in_o ireland_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v which_o although_o not_o comparable_a with_o the_o pyrenaei_n lie_v between_o france_n and_o spain_n with_o the_o alps_n which_o divide_v italy_n from_o france_n and_o germany_n or_o with_o other_o mountain_n of_o the_o like_a vast_a height_n nevertheless_o may_v just_o be_v count_v among_o the_o lofty_a mountain_n of_o this_o number_n be_v the_o mountain_n of_o carlingford_n betwixt_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n the_o which_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v easy_o be_v see_v from_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n the_o which_o be_v more_o than_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o they_o the_o mountain_n about_o lough_n suillie_n in_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o curlews_n that_o sever_v the_o county_n of_o slego_n and_o roscoman_n in_o connaught_n the_o twelve_o mountain_n in_o the_o north-quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o tipperary_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o twelve_o hill_n of_o phelim●ghe_a madonna_n knock-patrick_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o limmerick_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n which_o mountain_n can_v be_v se●n_v by_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v a_o huge-way_n from_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o mountain_n of_o brandon_n hill_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n the_o which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n when_o they_o be_v above_o fifty_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n call_v slew-boine_a that_o in_o the_o mountainous_a country_n of_o wickloe_n which_o for_o its_o fashion_n sake_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sugarloaf_n and_o may_v be_v see_v very_o many_o mile_n off_o not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o even_o into_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o fruitful_a ground_n next_o to_o the_o foregoing_a division_n of_o ireland_n take_v from_o the_o fashion_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o land_n come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o which_o consist_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a the_o fertile_a soil_n be_v in_o some_o place_n a_o blackish_a earth_n in_o other_o clay_n and_o in_o many_o part_n mix_v of_o both_o together_o as_o likewise_o there_o be_v sundry_a place_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v mix_v of_o earth_n and_o sand_n sand_n and_o clay_n gravel_n and_o clay_n or_o earth_n but_o the_o chalke-ground_n and_o red_a earth_n which_o both_o be_v very_o plentiful_a and_o common_a in_o many_o part_n of_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o ireland_n these_o ground_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o goodness_n and_o fatness_n not_o only_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n whereof_o they_o consist_v but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o mould_n or_o uppermost_a good_a crust_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o it_o underneath_o for_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a soil_n if_o but_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o lie_v upon_o a_o stiffie_a clay_n or_o hard_a stone_n be_v not_o so_o fertile_a as_o a_o lean_a soil_n of_o great_a depth_n and_o lie_v upon_o sand_n or_o gravel_n through_o which_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n may_v descend_v and_o not_o stand_v still_o as_o upon_o the_o clay_n or_o stone_n make_v cold_a the_o root_n of_o the_o grass_n of_o corn_n and_o so_o hurt_v the_o whole_a there_o be_v indeed_o some_o country_n in_o ireland_n where_o the_o ground_n underneath_o be_v nothing_o but_o stone_n and_o the_o good_a mould_n upon_o it_o but_o very_o thin_a it_o be_v nevertheless_o very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o bring_v sweet_a grass_n in_o great_a plenty_n so_o as_o sheep_n &_o other_o cattle_n do_v wonderful_a well_o thrive_v there_o which_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o county_n of_o galloway_n and_o in_o some_o other_o county_n of_o connaught_n as_o also_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v in_o those_o part_n because_o the_o stone_n whereon_o the_o mould_n do_v lie_v so_o thin_o be_v not_o freestone_n or_o any_o such_o cold_a material_a but_o limestone_n which_o do_v so_o warm_a the_o ground_n and_o give_v it_o so_o much_o strength_n that_o what_o it_o want_v in_o depth_n be_v thereby_o large_o recompense_v sect._n 6._o cause_n hinder_v the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o the_o soil_n otherwise_o be_v not_o bad_a except_o in_o the_o case_n now_o by_o we_o declare_v neither_o corn_n nor_o grass_n will_v grow_v kind_o where_o the_o ground_n though_o otherwise_o good_a be_v not_o deep_a enough_o as_o also_o where_o it_o have_v a_o bad_a crust_n underneath_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o grass_n do_v grow_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a the_o same_o nevertheless_o be_v so_o unfit_a for_o the_o food_n of_o beast_n that_o cow_n and_o sheep_n will_v hardly_o touch_v it_o especial_o if_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o better_a pasture_n first_o except_o that_o by_o extreme_a famine_n they_o be_v compel_v thereto_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coarsness_n and_o sourness_n of_o the_o grass_n cause_v by_o the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o water_n the_o which_o through_o the_o unfitness_n of_o the_o nether_a crust_n find_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n downward_o make_v cold_a the_o good_a mould_n and_o the_o crop_n and_o grass_n degenerate_a from_o its_o natural_a goodness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o land_n in_o many_o part_n where_o otherwise_o the_o soil_n in_o itself_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o produce_v good_a wheat_n or_o barley_n will_v hardly_o bear_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o oat_n or_o rye_n and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o in_o other_o part_n the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o soil_n itself_o

necessary_a the_o wheel_n be_v all_o move_v by_o water_n those_o place_n must_v be_v make_v choice_n of_o where_o one_o may_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o watercourse_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o regard_n must_v be_v have_v to_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o wood_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o timber_n a_o great_a deal_n whereof_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o erect_n of_o one_o of_o these_o work_n and_o chief_o for_o the_o charcoal_n sake_n of_o which_o a_o vast_a quantity_n continual_o be_v requisite_a as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v sect._n 4._o the_o charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v a_o ironwork_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o although_o there_o be_v wood_n enough_o upon_o one_o land_n and_o that_o not_o very_o far_o from_o the_o mine_n together_o with_o the_o convenience_n of_o watercourse_n so_o as_o the_o water_n need_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v from_o very_o far_o off_o nevertheless_o the_o charge_n be_v very_o great_a both_o of_o erect_v and_o stocking_n one_o of_o the_o ironwork_n and_o of_o maintain_v it_o and_o keep_v it_o afoot_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o workman_n and_o labourer_n of_o several_a sort_n which_o thereunto_o be_v requisite_a a_o list_n of_o who_o name_n and_o office_n here_o follow_v wood-cutter_n who_o fall_v the_o timber_n sawyer_n to_o see_v the_o timber_n carpenter_n smith_n mason_n and_o bellow-maker_n to_o erect_v the_o ironwork_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n thereof_o and_o to_o repair_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n water-leader_n or_o water-course-keeper_n to_o steer_v the_o watercourse_n and_o to_o look_v to_o they_o constant_o basket-maker_n to_o make_v basket_n for_o to_o carry_v the_o oar_n and_o other_o material_n boat-man_n and_o boat-wrights_a to_o make_v the_o boat_n and_o to_o go_v in_o they_o digger_n who_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n and_o dig_v the_o same_o carriers_z who_o carry_v the_o oar_n from_o the_o mine_n collier_n who_o make_v the_o char-coal_n corder_n who_o bring_v the_o char-coal_n to_o the_o work_n filler_n who_o work_n it_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o put_v the_o mine_n and_o the_o coal_n into_o the_o furnace_n keeper_n of_o the_o furnace_n who_o look_v to_o the_o main_a work_n rake_v out_o the_o ash_n and_o cinder_n and_o let_v out_o the_o melt_a metal_n at_o convenient_a time_n fine_a who_o look_v to_o the_o work_n where_o the_o iron_n be_v hammer_v hammerer_n who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o see_v the_o iron_n hammer_v out_o beside_o several_a other_o labourer_n who_o have_v no_o particular_a task_n must_v help_v to_o put_v their_o hand_n to_o every_o thing_n of_o all_o which_o sort_v of_o man_n sir_n charles_n coot_n the_o elder_a that_o zealous_a and_o famous_a warrior_n in_o this_o present_a war_n against_o the_o irish_a rebel_n wherein_o have_v do_v many_o memorable_a exploit_n he_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o the_o first_o year_n thereof_o do_v continual_o keep_v at_o work_n some_o five-and-twenty_o or_o six-and-twenty_o hundred_o at_o his_o ironwork_n be_v three_o in_o number_n whereby_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o expense_n in_o erect_v &_o maintain_v of_o ironwork_n and_o for_o all_o this_o the_o owner_n thereof_o do_v great_o gain_v thereby_o ordinary_o no_o less_o than_o forty_o in_o the_o hundred_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la sect._n 5._o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ironwork_n instance_a in_o those_o of_o sir_n charles_n coot_n by_o mountrath_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o more_o particular_o both_o of_o the_o charge_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o these_o ironwork_n we_o shall_v instance_n the_o matter_n in_o one_o of_o the_o work_n of_o the_o say_a sr_n charles_n coot_n namely_o that_o which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o mountrath_n in_o queens-county_n at_o that_o work_n the_o tun_n that_o be_v twenty_o hundred_o weight_n of_o rock-mine_a at_o the_o furnace_n head_n come_v in_o all_o to_o stand_v in_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a and_o the_o tun_n of_o white-mine_a which_o he_o have_v bring_v he_o from_o a_o place_n two_o mile_n further_o off_o in_o seven_o shilling_n these_o two_o be_v mix_v in_o that_o proportion_n that_o to_o one_o part_n of_o rock-mine_a be_v take_v two_o part_n of_o white-mine_a for_o if_o more_o of_o the_o rock-mine_a have_v be_v take_v the_o iron_n will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o good_a and_o too_o brittle_a and_o be_v thus_o mix_v they_o yield_v one_o three_o part_n of_o iron_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o two_o tun_n of_o white-mine_a and_o one_o of_o rock-mine_a be_v mingle_v and_o melt_v together_o they_o have_v one_o tun_n of_o good_a iron_n such_o as_o be_v call_v merchants-iron_n be_v not_o of_o the_o first_o but_o second_o melt_v and_o hammer_v out_o into_o bar_n and_o consequent_o fit_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o use_v this_o iron_n he_o send_v down_o the_o river_n our_o by_o other_o call_v the_o nure_n to_o rosse_n and_o waterford_n in_o that_o kind_n of_o irish_a boat_n which_o be_v call_v cot_n in_o that_o country_n be_v make_v of_o one_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o kind_n of_o ill-favoured_a boat_n mention_v also_o by_o we_o above_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o all_o ireland_n both_o for_o to_o pass_v river_n in_o and_o to_o carry_v good_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o not_o only_o upon_o shallow_a water_n such_o as_o the_o aforenamed_a river_n be_v in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o course_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o great_a river_n and_o lough_n at_o waterford_n the_o iron_n be_v put_v aboard_o of_o ship_n go_v for_o london_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o sixteen_o otherwhiles_o for_o seventeen_o pound_n stere_v and_o sometime_o for_o seventeen_o and_o a_o half_a whereas_o it_o do_v not_o stand_v sir_n charles_n coot_n in_o more_o than_o betwixt_o ten_o and_o eleven_o pound_n sterling_a all_o charge_n reckon_v as_o well_o of_o dig_v melt_a fine_v as_o of_o carry_v boat-hire_n and_o freight_n even_o the_o custom_n also_o comprehend_v in_o it_o sect._n 6._o some_o other_o particular_n about_o the_o same_o subject_n of_o the_o prosit_fw-la of_o the_o iron-worke_n in_o most_o of_o the_o other_o place_n do_v a_o tun_n of_o the_o iron-mine_a or_o oar_n come_v to_o stand_v in_o five_o five_o and_o a_o half_a and_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a at_o the_o furnace_n head_n and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n as_o well_o where_o they_o use_v white-wine_n as_o where_o they_o mix_v rock-mine_a with_o it_o to_o have_v a_o tun_n of_o good_a iron_n out_o of_o three_o tun_n of_o oar_n in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o mine_n be_v rich_a they_o will_v have_v a_o tun_n of_o iron_n out_o of_o only_o two_o tun_n and_o a_o half_a of_o oar._n nevertheless_o few_o of_o they_o gain_v more_o or_o as_o much_o as_o sir_n charles_n coot_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o conveniency_n of_o transportation_n and_o he_o himself_o do_v not_o gain_v so_o much_o by_o his_o iron_n work_v in_o connaught_n as_o by_o that_o near_a mountrath_n although_o the_o mine_n there_o afford_v a_o rich_a oar_n and_o that_o the_o tun_n thereof_o do_v cost_v he_o but_o three_o shilling_n at_o the_o furnace_n because_o that_o lough-allen_n whereunto_o the_o same_o mine_n and_o work_n be_v contiguons_a give_v he_o the_o opportunity_n of_o carry_v the_o oar_n by_o water_n from_o the_o mine_n unto_o the_o work_n and_o that_o in_o boat_n of_o forty_o tun_n the_o earl_n of_o cork_n who_o ironwork_n be_v seat_v in_o munster_n afford_v unto_o he_o very_o good_a opportunity_n of_o send_v his_o iron_n out_o of_o the_o land_n by_o ship_v do_v in_o this_o particular_a surpass_v all_o other_o so_o as_o he_o have_v gain_v great_a treasure_n thereby_o and_o know_v person_n who_o have_v have_v a_o particular_a insight_n into_o his_o affair_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v profit_v above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n clear_a gain_n by_o his_o say_a ironwork_n sect._n 7._o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron-oar_n the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n usual_a in_o ireland_n be_v thus_o the_o furnace_n be_v not_o fill_v to_o the_o top_n but_o some_o space_n be_v leave_v empty_a and_o to_o put_v new_a stuff_n into_o it_o they_o do_v not_o stay_v until_o the_o former_a be_v quite_o consume_v but_o only_o until_o it_o be_v somewhat_o descend_v and_o then_o they_o cast_v into_o it_o some_o charge_n or_o basketfull_n of_o coal_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o they_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o i_o and_o thus_o they_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o as_o the_o furnace_n be_v in_o ●_o manner_n always_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o estate_n where_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o most_o furnace_n they_o add_v unto_o the_o oar_n and_o coal_n some_o quantity_n of_o iron-cinder_n and_o in_o other_o of_o limestone_n

those_o of_o long_a continuance_n as_o the_o falling-sickness_n the_o pallie_n all_o sortsof_a gout_n cough_n the_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o of_o the_o bladder_n the_o colic_n the_o laundis_n the_o dropsy_n the_o grief_n of_o the_o spleen_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o loosness_n with_o all_o which_o evil_n it_o be_v here_o as_o in_o other_o country_n some_o of_o they_o be_v very_o common_a here_o and_o other_o happen_v but_o seldom_o and_o in_o few_o person_n the_o more_o particular_a relation_n whereof_o we_o will_v leave_v for_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n and_o for_o those_o observation_n which_o perhaps_o my_o brother_n some_o time_n or_o other_o will_v publish_v of_o what_o he_o have_v find_v concern_v the●e_n matter_n in_o a_o ample_a and_o flourish_a practice_n of_o eight_o year_n which_o he_o have_v live_v in_o dublin_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o disease_n reign_v in_o ireland_n and_o whereunto_o that_o country_n be_v peculiarly_a subject_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o irish_a ague_n as_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o most_o disease_n in_o common_a with_o other_o country_n so_o there_o be_v some_o whereunto_o it_o be_v peculiar_o obnoxious_a be_v at_o all_o time_n so_o rife_o there_o that_o they_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v for_o ireland_n endemii_fw-la morbi_fw-la or_o reign_a disease_n as_o indeed_o they_o be_v general_o repute_v for_o such_o of_o this_o number_n be_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o malignant_a fever_n vulgar_o in_o ireland_n call_v irish_a ague_n because_o that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v so_o common_a in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o native_n as_o among_o those_o who_o be_v new_o come_v thither_o from_o other_o country_n this_o fever_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o great_a pain_n in_o the_o head_n a●d_v in_o all_o the_o bone_n great_a weakness_n drought_n loss_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o appetite_n and_o want_v of_o sleep_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n idleness_n or_o rave_v and_o restlessness_n or_o toss_n but_o no_o very_o great_a nor_o constant_a heat_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v for_o those_o that_o understand_v the_o disease_n and_o seek_v to_o overcome_v it_o do_v it_o not_o by_o purge_v which_o can_v be_v use_v at_o any_o time_n without_o great_a and_o present_a danger_n for_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o cause_v the_o disease_n be_v hereby_o mighty_o increase_v and_o the_o patient_a weaken_a and_o hardly_o with_o bleed_v which_o seldom_o be_v use_v with_o success_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n but_o with_o strengthen_v medicine_n and_o good_a cordial_n in_o which_o case_n and_o if_o all_o necessary_a prescriptious_a be_v well_o observe_v very_o few_o person_n do_v lose_v their_o life_n except_o when_o some_o extraordinary_a and_o pestilent_a malignity_n come_v to_o it_o as_o it_o befall_v in_o some_o year_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o notwithstanding_o all_o good_a help_n some_o be_v thereby_o carry_v to_o their_o grave_n the_o same_o do_v ordinary_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o prove_v deadly_a if_o the_o sick_a do_v fall_v into_o unskilful_a hand_n or_o neglect_v all_o help_n or_o do_v not_o observe_v good_a direction_n in_o which_o case_n many_o do_v perish_v and_o other_o who_o come_v off_o with_o their_o life_n through_o robustuousness_n of_o nature_n or_o hide_a cause_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v their_o bed_n a_o long_a time_n in_o extreme_a weakness_n be_v a_o great_a while_n before_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o perfect_a health_n and_o strength_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o looseness_n the_o looseness_n do_v also_o great_o reign_v in_o ireland_n as_o well_o among_o those_o of_o the_o country_n as_o among_o the_o stranger_n wherefore_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country-disease_n many_o be_v a_o great_a while_n trouble_v with_o it_o and_o yet_o get_v no_o other_o harm_n and_o those_o that_o betimes_o do_v make_v use_n of_o good_a medicine_n be_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n cure_v of_o it_o but_o they_o that_o let_v the_o looseness_n take_v its_o course_n do_v common_o after_o some_o day_n get_v the_o bleed_a with_o it_o whereby_o the_o disease_n do_v not_o only_o grow_v much_o more_o troublesome_a and_o painful_a but_o a_o great_a deal_n harde●_n to_o be_v cure_v &_o at_o last_o it_o use_v to_o turn_v to_o the_o bloody_a flux_n the_o which_o in_o some_o person_n have_v last_v a_o great_a while_n leave_v they_o of_o itself_o but_o in_o far_o the_o great_a number_n be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o kill_v the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sick_a except_o they_o be_v careful_o assist_v with_o good_a remedy_n that_o this_o disease_n as_o also_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o malignant_a fever_n be_v so_o rife_o in_o ireland_n do_v partly_o come_v through_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o partly_o also_o through_o the_o error_n which_o people_n do_v commit_v in_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o other_o particular_n as_o manifest_o do_v appear_v by_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o native_n but_o also_o of_o the_o stranger_n come_v thi●_n she_o who_o t●ke_v careful_a heed_n to_o themselves_o in_o abstain_v from_o hurtful_a thing_n never_o be_v trouble_v with_o either_o of_o these_o infirmity_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o rickets_o among_o the_o reign_a disease_n of_o ireland_n the_o rickets_o also_o may_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v reckon_v a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o young_a child_n and_o so_o well_o know_v to_o every_o body_n in_o england_n as_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v any_o description_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o to_o this_o day_n never_o any_o physician_n either_o english_a or_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n make_v any_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o it_o no_o not_o in_o those_o work_n which_o be_v express_o write_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n and_o accident_n of_o little_a child_n in_o ireland_n this_o disease_n be_v wonderful_a rife_a now_o but_o it_o have_v nothing_o near_o be_v so_o long_o know_v there_o as_o in_o england_n either_o through_o th●_n unski●fullness_n or_o neglect_n of_o the_o physician_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o in_o both_o kingdom_n to_o this_o day_n be_v ignorant_a not_o only_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o but_o even_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n thereof_o or_o that_o real_o it_o be_v new_a there_o and_o never_o before_o have_v be_v in_o ireland_n have_v get_v foot_v in_o it_o only_o within_o these_o few_o year_n through_o some_o strange_a revolution_n or_o constellation_n or_o god_n immediate_a send_v which_o kind_n of_o change_n several_a time_n have_v befall_v in_o divers_a country_n and_o in_o ireland_n itself_o we_o have_v already_o show_v some_o such_o matter_n in_o another_o sickness_n namely_o the_o tertian-ague_n this_o evil_a be_v altogether_o incurable_a when_o it_o be_v go_v too_o far_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o be_v cure_v even_o in_o the_o beginning_n except_o it_o be_v very_o careful_o look_v unto_o and_o use_v make_v of_o the_o best_a remedy_n nevertheless_o this_o grief_n as_o well_o as_o mo●●_n other_o have_v its_o peculiar_a medicine_n the_o which_o be_v apply_v betimes_o and_o with_o convenient_a care_n do_v with_o god_n blessing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n produce_v the_o effect_n desire_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o leprosy_n the_o rickets_o be_v of_o late_a very_o rife_o in_o ireland_n where_o few_o year_n ago_o unknown_a so_o on_o the_o contra●y_v it_o have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o another_o disease_n one_o of_o the_o very_o worst_a &_o miserable_a in_o the_o world_n namely_o the_o leprosy_n which_o in_o former_a time_n use_v to_o be_v very_o common_a there_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n the_o which_o therefore_o be_v fill_v with_o hospital_n express_o build_v for_o to_o receive_v &_o keep_v the_o leprous_a person_n but_o many_o year_n since_o ireland_n have_v be_v almost_o quite_o free_v from_o this_o horrible_a and_o loathsome_a disease_n and_o as_o few_o leprous_a person_n be_v now_o find_v there_o as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o be_v hospital_n erect_v for_o their_o use_n have_v stand_v empty_a a_o long_a time_n at_o length_n be_v quite_o decay_v &_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o cause_n of_o th●s_n change_n be_v not_o so_o obscure_a nor_o unknown_a as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o other_o change_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o that_o this_o sickness_n be_v so_o general_a in_o ireland_n do_v not_o come_v by_o any_o peculiar_a defect_n in_o the_o land_n or_o in_o the_o air_n but_o mere_o through_o the_o fault_n &_o foul_a gluttony_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o excessive_a devour_a of_o unwholesome_a salmon_n the_o common_a report_n in_o ireland_n be_v that_o boil_a salmon_n eat_v hot_a out_o