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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
country_n call_v great_a inhabit_v 1,448 5 9.6227 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A18098 The Spanish colonie, or Briefe chronicle of the acts and gestes of the Spaniardes in the West Indies, called the newe world, for the space of xl. yeeres: written in the Castilian tongue by the reuerend Bishop Bartholomew de las Cases or Casaus, a friar of the order of S. Dominicke. And nowe first translated into english, by M.M.S.; Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias. English Casas, Bartolomé de las, 1474-1566.; M. M. S., fl. 1583. 1583 (1583) STC 4739; ESTC S104917 106,639 150

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their_o enemy_n and_o that_o without_o any_o reason_n or_o show_v of_o reason_n they_o be_v hack_v in_o piece_n and_o see_v likewise_o that_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v ere_o long_o they_o devise_v to_o assemble_v and_o realye_v themselves_o to_o die_v all_o in_o war_n and_o avenge_v themselves_o the_o best_a that_o they_o can_v upon_o enemy_n so_o cruel_a and_o divelishe_a know_v also_o well_o enough_o themselves_o without_o weapon_n stark_o naked_a weak_a and_o on_o foot_n and_o such_o as_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n prevail_v or_o carry_v away_o the_o victory_n but_o that_o in_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v they_o advise_v between_o they_o to_o dig_v certain_a ditch_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o way_n to_o make_v their_o horse_n tumble_v into_o and_o pierce_v their_o belly_n with_o pike_n sharpen_v and_o burn_v at_o one_o end_n there_o bestow_v of_o purpose_n and_o cover_v over_o so_o orderly_o with_o green_a turf_n that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n there_o fall_v in_o horse_n once_o or_o twice_o for_o the_o spaniard_n afterwards_o can_v beware_v of_o they_o but_o now_o to_o avenge_v they_o they_o make_v a_o law_n that_o as_o many_o indian_n as_o may_v be_v take_v alive_a shall_v be_v fling_v into_o the_o same_o pit_n hereupon_o they_o cast_v in_o woman_n with_o child_n and_o woman_n new_a deliver_v of_o childbirth_n and_o old_a folk_n as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v come_v by_o untyll_o that_o the_o ditch_n be_v fill_v up_o it_o be_v a_o lamentable_a thing_n to_o behold_v the_o woman_n with_o their_o child_n stab_v with_o these_o pick_n all_o beside_o they_o slay_v with_o thrust_n of_o spear_n and_o edge_n of_o sword_n they_o cast_v of_o they_o also_o to_o flesh_n fraunch_v dog_n which_o tear_v they_o and_o devour_v they_o they_o burn_v a_o lord_n at_o a_o great_a fire_n of_o quick_a flame_n say_v they_o will_v herein_o do_v he_o honour_n and_o they_o persist_v in_o these_o butchery_n so_o unnatural_a about_o seven_o year_n from_o 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innermoste_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o search_v where_o he_o may_v tyrannize_v at_o his_o ease_n and_o draw_v by_o force_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o mexico_n 15._o or_o 20._o million_o of_o man_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o shall_v carry_v the_o load_n and_o carriage_n of_o the_o spaniard_n which_o go_v with_o he_o of_o who_o there_o never_o return_v again_o two_o hundred_o the_o other_o be_v dead_a on_o the_o high_a way_n he_o come_v at_o the_o province_n of_o mechuacam_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o mexico_n forty_o league_n a_o region_n as_o blissful_a and_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n as_o be_v that_o of_o mexico_n the_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n go_v to_o receive_v he_o with_o a_o infinite_a company_n of_o people_n which_o do_v unto_o they_o a_o thousand_o service_n and_o curtisy_n he_o apprehend_v he_o by_o and_o by_o for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o brute_n to_o be_v very_o rich_a of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o shall_v give_v he_o great_a treasure_n he_o begin_v to_o give_v he_o the_o torment_n and_o put_v he_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o stock_n by_o the_o foot_n his_o body_n stretch_v out_o and_o his_o hand_n bind_v to_o a_o stake_n he_o make_v a_o flash_a fire_n against_o his_o foot_n and_o there_o a_o boy_n with_o a_o baste_n sprinkle_v look_v in_o oil_n in_o his_o hand_n stand_v and_o baste_v they_o a_o little_a and_o a_o little_a to_o the_o end_n to_o well_o roost_n the_o skin_n there_o be_v in_o one_o side_n of_o he_o a_o cruel_a man_n the_o which_o with_o a_o crossebowe_n bend_v aim_v right_a at_o his_o heart_n on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o other_o which_o hold_v a_o dog_n snarl_v and_o leap_v up_o as_o to_o run_v upon_o he_o which_o in_o less_o than_o the_o time_n of_o a_o credo_fw-la have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v tear_v he_o in_o piece_n and_o thus_o they_o torment_v he_o to_o the_o end_n he_o shall_v discover_v the_o treasure_n which_o they_o desire_v untyll_o such_o time_n as_o a_o religious_a 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as_o she_o will_v have_v take_v she_o away_o the_o spaniard_z drawing_z his_o dagger_z or_o rapier_n cut_v off_o her_o hand_n and_o slay_v the_o young_a girl_n with_o flash_n of_o his_o weapon_n because_o she_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o his_o appetite_n among_o many_o other_o thing_n he_o cause_v unjust_o to_o be_v mark_v for_o slave_n four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o soul_n as_o free_a as_o they_o man_n woman_n and_o suck_a babe_n from_o of_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a old_a unto_o three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a which_o notwithstanding_o have_v go_v before_o they_o in_o peace_n to_o receive_v they_o with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v not_o be_v set_v down_o in_o writing_n have_v achieve_v the_o divelishe_a war_n innumerable_a and_o have_v in_o the_o same_o commit_v very_o many_o slaughter_n he_o reduce_v all_o that_o country_n into_o the_o ordinary_a servitude_n pestilential_a and_o tyrannical_a into_o the_o which_o all_o the_o tyrant_n spaniard_n 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it_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v inhabit_v and_o people_v as_o have_v be_v convenient_a shall_v have_v be_v do_v but_o rob_v from_o the_o indian_n all_o their_o victual_n they_o have_v the_o inbornes_n of_o the_o country_n be_v reduce_v to_o such_o a_o extremity_n that_o there_o be_v find_v great_a number_n dead_a of_o famine_n in_o the_o high_a way_n and_o the_o indian_n come_v and_o go_v too_o and_o fro_o the_o coast_n lade_v with_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o spaniard_n he_o be_v the_o death_n by_o these_o mean_n of_o about_o ten_o thousand_o for_o not_o one_o that_o arrive_v at_o the_o very_a coast_n escape_v death_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o country_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o same_o tract_n and_o way_n by_o the_o which_o john_n of_o ampudia_n be_v go_v he_o send_v the_o indian_n which_o he_o have_v purchase_v in_o quito_n a_o day_n before_o he_o to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v discover_v the_o bourge_n of_o the_o indian_n and_o shall_v pillage_v 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the_o brain_n and_o the_o suet_n he_o permit_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v kill_v two_o or_o three_o hundred_o wether_n of_o the_o which_o the_o flesh_n be_v fain_o to_o be_v cast_v away_o and_o the_o indian_n friend_n to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o which_o go_v with_o the_o spaniard_n only_o to_o eat_v the_o sheep_n heart_n kill_v a_o great_a number_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o eat_v none_o other_o thing_n and_o two_o man_n in_o one_o province_n name_v purua_n kill_v 25._o wether_n and_o sheep_n fit_a for_o carriage_n like_o our_o horse_n &_o the_o which_o be_v worth_a among_o the_o spaniard_n twenty_o and_o five_o and_o twenty_o ducat_n a_o piece_n only_o to_o have_v to_o eat_v the_o brain_n and_o the_o suet_n so_o as_o by_o this_o disorder_n of_o exceed_a slaughter_n of_o beast_n have_v be_v lose_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n by_o occasion_n whereof_o also_o the_o country_n come_v into_o a_o great_a necessity_n the_o native_a of_o the_o land_n miserable_o die_v of_o famine_n and_o quito_n which_o be_v furnish_v of_o so_o great_a store_n of_o mahis_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o speak_v be_v by_o this_o mean_n so_o assault_v with_o famaine_a that_o a_o strike_v or_o bushel_n of_o mahis_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o prize_n of_o 10._o ducat_n and_o a_o sheep_n to_o as_o much_o after_o that_o the_o say_a captain_n be_v return_v from_o the_o coast_n he_o determine_v to_o depart_v from_o quito_n and_o to_o go_v seek_v the_o captain_n john_n de_fw-fr ampudia_n leave_v thereto_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o of_o foot_n man_n and_o horse_n man_n among_o who_o be_v a_o great_a many_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o quito_n unto_o those_o inhabitant_n the_o
captain_n give_v licence_n to_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o cacike_v that_o be_v escheat_v they_o in_o share_v with_o as_o many_o indian_n as_o they_o will_v that_o which_o they_o do_v and_o alfonso_n sanches_n nuita_fw-la carry_v forth_o with_o he_o his_o cacike_a with_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o indian_n beside_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n peter_n cibo_fw-la and_o his_o cousin_n and_o they_o lead_v out_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o sundry_a also_o speed_v out_o their_o child_n because_o that_o in_o a_o manner_n every_o one_o die_v for_o hunger_n also_o moran_n inhabitant_n of_o popaian_n carry_v out_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o person_n and_o the_o like_a do_v all_o the_o rest_n citizen_n and_o soldier_n every_o one_o after_o his_o ability_n the_o soldier_n crave_v that_o they_o may_v have_v licence_n give_v they_o to_o captive_a those_o indian_n man_n and_o woman_n which_o they_o carry_v forth_o the_o which_o be_v grant_v unto_o they_o 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strike_v a_o indesse_n woman_n his_o sword_n break_v a_o two_o in_o the_o midst_n at_o the_o first_o blow_n and_o at_o the_o second_o blow_n there_o remain_v nought_o in_o his_o hand_n but_o the_o pomell_n hauft_v without_o that_o the_o woman_n be_v hurt_v and_o a_o other_o soldier_n willing_a to_o strike_v another_o indesse_n woman_n with_o asquare_n dagger_n he_o have_v the_o dagger_n break_v at_o the_o first_o chop_n the_o length_n of_o four_o finger_n and_o at_o the_o second_o there_o remain_v unto_o he_o no_o more_o save_v the_o hauft_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o say_a captain_n yee_v forth_o of_o quito_n and_o draw_v out_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o natural_a inbornes_n unmarri_v they_o and_o give_v their_o young_a wife_n unto_o his_o indian_n who_o he_o lead_v along_o and_o the_o other_o wife_n he_o give_v to_o other_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o city_n for_o that_o they_o be_v too_o old_a there_o follow_v out_o of_o quito_n a_o woman_n with_o a_o little_a child_n in_o her_o arm_n cry_v after_o he_o and_o entreat_v he_o that_o her_o husband_n may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o go_v with_o he_o for_o that_o she_o have_v three_o little_a child_n the_o which_o she_o can_v not_o nourish_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o die_v for_o hunger_n and_o as_o the_o captain_n give_v she_o a_o churlish_a answer_n at_o her_o first_o suit_n she_o return_v the_o second_o time_n with_o great_a cry_n say_v that_o her_o child_n dye_v for_o hunger_n and_o see_v that_o the_o captain_n give_v she_o the_o repulse_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o restore_v she_o her_o husband_n she_o beat_v the_o child_n head_n against_o the_o stone_n and_o slay_v it_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o at_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_a captain_n come_v into_o the_o provice_n of_o lili_n to_o a_o town_n call_v palo_n near_o unto_o the_o great_a river_n where_o he_o find_v the_o captain_n john_n de_fw-fr ampudia_n which_o be_v go_v before_o to_o discover_v and_o pacify_v the_o country_n the_o say_a ampudia_n keep_v a_o city_n by_o he_o provide_v of_o a_o garrison_n in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o of_o the_o marquess_n francis_n of_o pizarro_n and_o have_v set_v over_o they_o for_o governor_n ordinary_a one_o petre_n solano_n of_o quennove_n and_o 8._o counselor_n &_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o peace_n &_o share_v out_o among_o they_o and_o as_o he_o know_v that_o the_o say_a captain_n be_v in_o the_o say_a river_n he_o come_v to_o see_v he_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n and_o peaceful_a indian_n lade_v with_o victual_n and_o fruit_n short_o after_o also_o all_o the_o neighbour_n indian_n come_v to_o see_v he_o bring_v he_o food_n there_o be_v the_o indian_n of_o xamundi_fw-la and_o of_o palo_n and_o of_o soliman_n and_o of_o bolo_n now_o because_o that_o they_o bring_v no_o mahis_n which_o he_o will_v have_v he_o send_v a_o great_a number_n of_o spaniard_n with_o their_o indian_n to_o go_v search_n for_o mahis_n command_v they_o to_o bring_v some_o wheresoever_o they_o find_v any_o so_o go_v they_o to_o bolo_n and_o to_o palo_n and_o find_v the_o indian_n man_n and_o woman_n in_o their_o house_n in_o peace_n and_o the_o say_a spaniard_n with_o those_o that_o be_v with_o they_o take_v they_o and_o rob_v their_o mahis_n their_o gold_n and_o cover_n and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v and_o bind_v many_o the_o indian_n see_v that_o they_o entreat_v they_o so_o evil_a go_v to_o complain_v unto_o the_o say_a captain_n request_v that_o all_o which_o have_v be_v bereave_v they_o may_v be_v restore_v they_o but_o the_o captain_n will_v restore_v they_o none_o and_o forbid_v they_o to_o come_v at_o he_o any_o more_o notwithstanding_o four_o or_o five_o day_n after_o the_o spaniard_n eftsoon_o return_v to_o fetch_v mahis_n and_o to_o pillage_v the_o indian_n native_a of_o the_o soil_n as_o before_o time_n wherefore_o they_o see_v that_o the_o captain_n keep_v no_o faith_n with_o they_o all_o the_o country_n arise_v and_o revolt_v from_o the_o spanish_a whereof_o ensue_v great_a damage_n and_o god_n and_o the_o king_n majesty_n offend_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o country_n remain_v dispeople_v for_o y_z t_z the_o olomas_n &_o the_o manipos_n their_o enemy_n which_o be_v mountain_n people_n &_o warlike_a descend_v daily_o to_o take_v and_o rob_v they_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o city_n and_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n leave_v destitute_a and_o among_o they_o he_o who_o be_v the_o strong_a do_v eat_v up_o his_o fellow_n for_o all_o die_v for_o famine_n this_o do_v the_o captain_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o ampudia_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v for_o general_a and_o seven_o day_n after_o from_o thence_o he_o depart_v to_o go_v towards_o the_o harbour_n of_o lili_n and_o peti_fw-la with_o more_o than_o two_o hundred_o horseman_n and_o footman_n after_o this_o that_o say_v be_v the_o say_v chief_a governor_n send_v his_o captain_n of_o one_o side_n and_o other_o to_o bid_v cruel_a battle_n to_o the_o native_a indian_n stay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o as_o well_o man_n as_o woman_n burn_v also_o their_o house_n and_o spoil_v their_o good_n this_o endure_v a_o good_a many_o day_n and_o the_o say_a captain_n be_v go_v towards_o a_o city_n name_v you_o withal_o the_o indian_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o lili_n without_o release_n any_o one_o and_o be_v come_v to_o the_o say_v you_o he_o send_v incontinent_a spaniard_n to_o pillage_n take_v and_o stay_v all_o the_o indian_n man_n and_o woman_n that_o they_o can_v take_v thus_o they_o burn_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o from_o this_o place_n they_o go_v to_o a_o city_n call_v tukilicui_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o
that_o they_o can_v not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v they_o and_o go_v to_o seek_v out_o those_o thirty_o spaniard_n to_o who_o they_o declare_v the_o evil_n which_o they_o have_v do_v pray_v they_o to_o get_v they_o thence_o that_o which_o the_o spaniard_n will_v not_o do_v but_o say_v to_o the_o indian_n that_o those_o religious_a man_n have_v cause_v they_o to_o come_v thither_o themselves_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n which_o be_v right_o a_o extreme_a maliciousness_n in_o the_o end_n the_o indian_n deliberate_v to_o kill_v the_o religious_a man_n by_o occasion_n whereof_o the_o friar_n flee_v away_o in_o a_o night_n have_v advertisement_n of_o the_o case_n by_o some_o of_o the_o indian_n but_o after_o that_o they_o be_v go_v the_o indian_n better_a infourm_v of_o the_o innocence_n of_o the_o religious_a man_n and_o of_o the_o ungraciousnesse_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o send_v messenger_n after_o they_o near_o hand_n fifty_o league_n of_o beseech_v they_o to_o come_v again_o and_o crave_v pardon_n of_o they_o the_o religious_a as_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n and_o zealous_a for_o the_o win_n of_o their_o soul_n believe_v they_o return_v to_o they_o and_o be_v receive_v as_o it_o have_v be_v angel_n and_o the_o indian_n do_v they_o a_o thousand_o service_n abode_n with_o they_o four_o or_o five_o month_n and_o for_o because_o the_o spaniard_n will_v never_o depart_v that_o country_n and_o that_o namely_o the_o viceroy_n with_o all_o that_o he_o can_v do_v can_v not_o draw_v they_o thence_o new_a spain_n be_v far_o of_o howbeit_o he_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v proclaim_v traitor_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o never_o cease_v to_o commit_v their_o outrage_n and_o grief_n accustom_v among_o the_o indian_n the_o religious_a perceive_v that_o soon_o or_o late_a they_o shall_v smell_v of_o the_o smoke_n and_o peradventure_o the_o evil_a light_n upon_o their_o head_n and_o special_o that_o they_o can_v not_o preach_v unto_o the_o indian_n with_o quiet_a and_o assurance_n of_o the_o indian_n &_o of_o themselves_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a assault_n and_o lewd_a deportment_n of_o the_o spanish_a they_o deliberate_v to_o leave_v y_z e_o realm_n which_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v destitute_a of_o the_o light_n and_o the_o doctrine_n and_o those_o soul_n abode_n under_o the_o darkness_n of_o ignorance_n and_o in_o the_o misery_n they_o be_v in_o the_o remedy_n and_o the_o water_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v bereave_v they_o already_o even_o at_o their_o best_a and_o when_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o receive_v it_o with_o exceed_a willingness_n altogether_o like_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v withdraw_v the_o water_v from_o tender_a plant_n and_o new_o set_v into_o a_o dry_a ground_n at_o a_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o this_o by_o the_o curse_a ungraciousnesse_n of_o the_o spanish_a of_o the_o province_n of_o saint_n martha_n the_o province_n of_o saint_n martha_n be_v a_o country_n where_o the_o spaniard_n gather_v gold_n in_o all_o plenty_n the_o land_n be_v with_o the_o region_n adjacent_a very_o rich_a and_o the_o people_n industrious_a to_o draw_v out_o the_o gold_n wherefore_o also_o from_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o forty_o two_o infinite_a tyrant_n have_v make_v thither_o continual_o with_o their_o ship_n overrun_v and_o range_v along_o the_o country_n kill_v and_o spoil_v those_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o ramp_v from_o they_o that_o gold_n that_o they_o have_v with_o speedy_a return_n ever_o to_o their_o ship_n which_o go_v and_o come_v oftentimes_o and_o so_o wrought_v they_o in_o those_o province_n great_a waste_n and_o slaughter_n and_o cruelty_n horrible_a &_o that_o most_o common_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o certain_a league_n within_o the_o country_n until_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o three_o at_o what_o time_n there_o go_v spanish_a tyrant_n to_o inhabit_v there_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o country_n be_v exceed_v scotfree_a as_o have_v be_v say_v there_o ever_o succeed_a captain_n one_o in_o another_o room_n every_o one_o more_o cruel_a than_o other_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o seem_v that_o every_o one_o enforce_v himself_o for_o the_o mastery_n in_o do_v of_o evilles_n and_o cruelty_n more_o heinous_a than_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o predecessor_n wherefore_o herein_o be_v the_o rule_n verify_v that_o we_o have_v give_v before_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o nine_o there_o go_v a_o great_a tyrant_n very_o resolute_a with_o great_a troop_n but_o without_o any_o fear_n of_o god_n or_o compassion_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n who_o wrought_v such_o waste_n and_o slaughter_n so_o great_a that_o he_o exceed_v all_o other_o that_o have_v go_v before_o he_o himself_o rob_v for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n that_o he_o live_v great_a treasure_n save_v after_o be_v decease_v without_o confession_n and_o flee_v from_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n there_o succeed_v he_o other_o murder_a tyrant_n and_o thief_n which_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n who_o the_o imbrue_v hand_n with_o blood_n and_o the_o carve_a sword_n of_o the_o tyrunte_v his_o forerunner_n can_v not_o extyrp_v they_o set_v themselves_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o country_n in_o invade_v and_o lay_v desolate_a very_o many_o province_n with_o kill_v and_o take_v prisoner_n those_o people_n after_o the_o fashion_n before_o practise_v in_o other_o province_n cause_v the_o lord_n together_o with_o their_o subject_n to_o suffer_v grievous_a torment_n both_o to_o make_v they_o discover_v the_o gold_n and_o the_o place_n where_o gold_n may_v be_v have_v surmount_v as_o be_v say_v every_o way_n in_o number_n of_o mischievous_a do_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v all_o that_o have_v pass_v before_o that_o from_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o niene_n unto_o this_o day_n they_o have_v reduce_v into_o a_o 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