follow ye this pathe which will bring you to a countrey ful of townes and villages replenished with abouÌ„dance of victuals but this aduice was found to be false for they found the same countrey which they so highly commended to be barren vnhabited and absolutely without any succour vntill they came to the villages of Coca which standeth neare vnto a great riuer where Gonsalo Pâ—sarro had béen before his comming to Sumaco and there rested for the space of sixe wéekes abiding the comminge of his coÌ„panion the Lorde of that place submitted him selfe to his fréendship from thence they trauailed all togeather along y e riuer side downward vntil they found a narrow gloâ—e where they made a Bridge to passe ouer although the water was of 200. fadom déepe had a mighty great fall downewarde which fall made a maruailous strange noyse which sounded was heard more theÌ„ sixe leagues from the place certaine daies iorney from this passage they found that the riuer ran circuite so y t they came to a narrow place y t was litle more then 20. foote brode where also was another like fall ech side garnished with hard Rocke so that for the space of 50. leagues they found no conuenient passage but at this place were a number of Indians attended their coÌ„ming to resist them But yet the Hargabusiers made the passage cleare forced the Indians to giue place in the meane while they made a bridge of timber and passed ouer all the army in safetie In this forme they iorneyed through a great wildernes of MouÌ„taine vntil they came to y e countrey called Guema which was somewhat plaine but replenished with many bogs brookes in which place they were driuen to great extremity of victuals and through want were forced to liue with siluester fruits vntil they came to another couÌ„trey where they found some succor of food the soyle indifferently inhabited these people were cloathed in garments made of cotten wool but in al the other couÌ„treyes which they had trauailed y e people weÌ„t naked which was either through y e great heat which they haue coÌ„tinually or els through pouerty as they haue not wherwith to buy apparrel they also vsed the forepart of their priuy members to be tied with a string of â—otten wool betwixt their legs made fast at their girdling the wemeÌ„ had certain rags to couer their secrets but no other kinde of clothing In this place Gonsalo Pisarro commaunded a certayne vessel called a Uergantine to be made for to carry their fardage other necessaries downe the riuer likewise their sicke men and also for his owne persoÌ„ because that in some places the countrey was so full of bogs that they could not iorney The buildinge of this Uergantine was very troublesome for they were forced to make a Forge for their Iron worke in the which they also profited with the horseshooes of the dead horses for want of other iron they made also coles to serue the turne In these workes Gonsalo Pisarro permitted none of his coÌ„pany to bee vnoccupied from the eldest to the yongest he himselfe y e first at al assaults aswel with the axe as with the hammer in stéed of pitch they vsed the gum which distilled fâ—om certaine trées in steed of Aucom they toke old Mantels of the Indians some of the Spanyards shirts which were rotteÌ„ through the great wet which they had passed so that euery one was contributar with such things as he might spare In this order the vessell was finished and launched into the riuer al their fardage laden they made also certain Canoas to go in coÌ„pany with the Uergantine How Francisco de Alerano fled with the Vergantine and into what misery they were driuen by want thereof Chap. 4. WHen Gonsalo Pisarro had finished the Uergantine he thought that all his trouble was at an end and with this new vessel to discouer all y e land whereupon he continued his iorney all the force of his armie trauayled by land through y e bogs keeping along the ryuer side in which way they passed through many deserts of mountaines and Cane fieldes making their way by force of hand with their swordes hatchets and axes and when they might not pas on the one side of the Riuer the Uergantine caryed them ouer to the other side so that alwayes at night the Landmen and watermen lodged together When Gonsalo Pisarro considered how they had trauailed aboue 200. leagues downe along the riuer found no prouision of victual but only siluester fruites some rootes he commaunded one of his Captaines called Fraâ—cisco de Orellana y t with 50. men he should goe before to discouer the Riuer and to séeke victuals with commission that if he should happen to finde any that then he should therewith loade the Uergantine leauinge the fardage which was aboorde at the méeting of two great Riuers of which he had vnderstandinge to bee of 80. leagues distant also that he should leaue two Canoas at certaine Riuers which crossed ouer to the intent that with them he might passe his men ouer When Orellana had taken his leaue he departed shortly after found the currant of such force that in short time hee came to the méetinge of the two great Riuers without finding any kinde of sustenance and also considering what way he had made in thrée daies he found that in a whole yere if was not possible to returne that way agayne by reason of the vehemency of the great currant wherupon he determined to procéed downe y e riuer euen whither fortune should lead him although he iudged it a thing more coÌ„uenient to abide there yet notwithstanding he procéeded on and toke likewise the Canoas w t him although some of his company required him to abide their generals order coÌ„ming especially Father Gaespar de Carauajall who was their preacher because he insisted more then the residue the captaine vsed him very vncurteously as wel in word as déede and with wil or nil he procéeded on his enterprise makinge some entries into y e land where he fought with such Indians as would haue resisted him many times they came to encounter with him in the Riuer with their Canoas with whom they coulde not fight at will because the Uergantine was so full of men that one disturbed another In a certaine countrey where he found place conuenient he abode and buylt another Uergantine For the Indians of this soile came and submitted theÌ„selues vnto him and also prouided him both of victuals and al other things necessary in another prouince forward he â—ought with y e Indians obtained victory against them of whoÌ„ he had intelligence that certaine iorneys from thence within y e mayne was a countrey in y â— which dwelt none but wemen who were valiant and defended themselues against their Comarcans With this aduertisement he procâ—eded on his way without finding
Citie of Cusco where he made new processe against Don Diego and after certaine daies commaunded hym to bee behedded He likewise released out of prison Diego Mendez with other twoo prisoners whiche had serued against hym who as soone as thei were at libertie went vnto Inga into the Mountaines called Andez whiche through the asperous entrie are inexpugnable Inga receiued them very ioyfully and shewed greate sorroâ—e for the death of his frende Don Diego whom he loued excedingly as appeared for when he passed that waie he gaue vnto hym many shortes of Maile and Corselettes and other sortes of armor which he had taken from the Christians which he had ouercome and slaine when thei went to aide Gonsalo Pisarro and Iuan Pisarro in Cusco sent by the Lorde Marques aâ— hereâ—ofore hath béen declared He had also Indians disguised at the battaile to bryng hym newes of the successe thereof How Vaca de Castro sent to discouer the Countrey by diuerse wayes Chap. 22. THe battayle agaynst Don Diego béeing wonne and the countrey pacified Vaca de Castro deuised to deuide his men of Warre and not hauing wherwith to gratifie them all except hee should send them to conquer abrod in the countrey wherupon hee commaunded Captayne Vergara that with the company which hee had brought to serue his Maiestie hee should returne to his conquest of the Bracamoros hee sente also Captayne Diego de Rojas and Phillip Gutierez with 300. menâ— Eastward to discouer that countrey which afterward they did inhabite which countrey ioyneth with the Riuer of Plate With Captayne Monroy hee sent succour to the Prouince of Chili to Captaine Pedro de Valdiuia hee sente also Captaine Iuan Perez de Gueuarra to conquer the Lande of Mullobamba which hée tofore had discouered and is a countrey more hilly then playne out of the side of which hilles springeth two greate riuers which falleth into the Northen Sea The one is called Maranion of the which heretofore wée haue spoken and the other is called the riuer of Plate the naturall people of that countrey are Cariues which eateth mans flesh The countrey is so hoat that the people goe naked sauinge light Mantels which they wrap about their bodies In this countrey Iuan Perez had vnderstandinge of another great Lande which standeth beyonde those Hilles toward the North where are ritch Mynes of Gold and there br â—acute edeth Cammels and sundry sortes of Powltery like vnto those of the new Spayne and also sheepe somewhat lesser then the Sheepe of Peru and all their corne ground is watered with slewces because there it seldome rayneth yet there is a maruailous great Lake froÌ„ the which issueth many riuers on the borders wherof are many villages replenished with people In all those Riuers are certaine Fishes like vnto great Mastiffes which often times doo bite the Indians which enter into those Riuers or passe â—longe the riuer sides for they vse to come many times out of the Riuers This countrey hath the Riuer of Maranion on the North-side and the countrey of Brasill on the East part which the Portingals now possesse and the riuer of Plate lyeth from thence Sowthward The report was that the Wemen called Amazons dwel in that countrey Now Vaca de Castro hauing dispatched his Captaynes and Souldiers on these discoueries he abode in Cusco one yere and a halfe making reperticion of the Indians which were vacant and putting things in order in the countrey Hee likewise made Statutes to the great vtillitie of the coÌ„mon Weale and conseruacion of the Indians In this season was discouered in the Comarkes or borders of Cusco the richest mynes of Golde that vnto this day the like at any time had not beene seene especially in a riuer called Carabaya in which Mynes one Indian hath gathered 50. poyzes in one daye and al the countrey was throughly quieted and the Indian people cherished and defended from the greate wronges which in former time they receiued At this time came Gonsalo Pisarro to Cusco for till now hée could not obtayne lycence so to doo And after that hee had abode there certaine dayes he went to Charcas to deale in matters of his profite and there remayned till the Viceroy Blasco Nunez Vela came into the countrey FINIS The discouery of the ritche Mynes of Potosi how captaine Carauajall toke it into his power THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSSI FOrtune hauing shewed her selfe so amiable to Captaine Carauajall it appeareth y t now shée hath brought him to the top of the Hill of Prosperitie It happened that after certaine dayes that the Indians and Anaconas of Iuan de Villa Roell Cittizen of the Towne of Plata went trauailing in the countrey about 18. leagues distant from the sayde Towne they chaunced to come to a highe Hill scituated in a Playne in the which they found manifest tokens of siluer wherupon they began to melte out of a vayne which séemed riche The riches was so great which heare they founde that almost in euery vayne where they made their ensay they founde the greatest parte of Ewre to â—e fine siluer and the basest Mines were by valuacion .480 duckets in euery hundred weight of Ewre which is the greatest riches that euer hath ben seen or written of When the Iustice of the towne of Plate had vnderstandynge of this fortunate successe the Ruler of the sayd Towne came deuided the said Mynes amonge the townes men and eche of them made his choyse according to his lot The Indians and Anaconas which came thither to worke were many in number in sutch sort that in short time they built at the foote of the saide hill a Towne to dwell in which multiplied in suche wise that there inhabited of Indian workemen aboue .7000 persons which did so well vnderstand that businesse that they came to agréement with their maisters to allow vnto them a wéekely pention but their gayne was twise so mutche as they payde vnto their maysters The vaines of these Mines is of sutche qualitie that the Ewre wil not melt with y e winde of Bellowes as in other Mines are accustomed but their meltyng is in certain litle Furnaces called Guayras wherein they vse to melt with coles and sheepes dung with the only force of the ayre with out any other instrument These Mines are called Potosi by reason that al the borders there about are so called These Indian workemen are riche for he that hath but â—oure or fiue thousand poyzes is counted but poore notwithstandyng the great pension or tribute which they pay vnto their maisters and all such workemen which come thither to worke will not willingly depart from thence by reason that their paines peril is not comparable to other Mines by blowynge of the bellowes with the greate smoke of the â—oles and likewise the Sulfer of the vaynes of Ewre When the reperticion of these Mines were made they began to prouide all sortes of necessary Uictualles for the woorkemen which was a thing very difficil
obtained of Peru wherupon they agréede to procéed on the discouery of the same and therupon laid all their goods into stocke of company The first and principallest of them was called Don Francisco Pisarro who was borne in a Cittie of Spayne called Trugillio The seconde was named Don Diego de Almagro natural of the Towne of Mallagon whose stocke or lynage could not vnto this day be perfecâ—ly knowen yet some doth holde opinion that hée was found at the Church doore in his swadling clothes after that hee was newly borne The thirde was a Préest called Fernando de Luque And where these thrée were the richest and principallest men in that Countrey they determined to encrease their ritches also to serue herein his Maiesty the Emperour Charles the fifth wherupon they concluded to take in hande to discouer by the South Sea the Easterly coast of the firme Lande towarde those places which afterward were named Peru So that after they had obtained licence of y e Gouernour who at that instant then gouerned for his Maiesty called Pedro Arias de Auila Don Francisco Pisarro arriued and rigged forth a Shippe wherin hee himself tooke shipping as Captaine General with 114. men in his company and so procéeded on the Uoyage and in short space hee discouered a smal and poore Prouince fiftie Leagues distant from the Cittie of Panama the which hee named Peru and afterward called the whole Countrey of the same name which was discouered for the space of 1200. Leagues And procéeding forward hee found another Land which the Spanyards named the burnt Towne where the Indians of that place held them cruell warre and slew many of his men so that he was forced to retire sore wouÌ„ded to the Countrey of Chinchama In this meane season Don Diego de Almagro who aboad at home had prepared another ship and therin tooke shipping with 70. Spanyardes and with them proceeded to seeke Don Francisco Pisarro sayling along the Coast til hée came to the Riuer which hee named the Riuer of S. Ihon which standeth 100. Leagues distant from Panama And findinge him not hee returned to the burnt Towne and there had vnderstanding of his beeing there where hee also came a score but the Indians encouraged with the victory and expulsion of Don Francisco did like wise valyantly resist his entry yea and also put him and his company to the woorse in so much that they entred a Forte where the Spanyards defended them selues through the ouersight of those which had the charge of that part of the Fortresse by meane wherof they put the Spanyardes to flight and also with a stripe put out one of the eyes of Don Diego by reason wherof they were forced to flee and to retire to the Sea side to take Shippinge agayne and from thence sayled along the Coast of firme Land vntill hee arriued at Chinchama where he found Don Francisco wiâ—h whom after long communicacion and refreshing of themselues they gathered togeather about 200. Spâ—nyardes aâ—d so proceeded againe vpon the discouery with two Shippes and 3. Canoas which were small Uessels built like vnto Troughes In which Nauigacion they passed many and great troubles by reason the Coaste is lowe and full of Marrish ground and replenished with great Lizarts which the Indians call Caymanes and are Beastes which breede in the mouthes of those Riuers which are so great that commonly they are of 20. yea 25 foote long Their property is aswel to refresh themselues on the Land as in the Water but if any of them can laye holde vpon Man or Beast in the Water their strength is such that they carry theÌ„ vnder water where as they deuoure and consume them But cheefely they smell a Dogge a farre off and they laye their Egges on the Land a great number togeather where they breede but among the Sandes they are slow of their creepinge after they haue hatched they leade their Younge to the Water in the which their natural properties they may bee compared to the Crocodilles of Nilo they also suffer much honger for their feedinge when they want meate is the fruite of a Trée called Maugle wherof are many in those Riuers which are of harde Timber highe and straight in groweth and grow in salte water which is not onely salte but also bitter But the opinion is that those Beastes vse to eate of that Fruite when other feeding fayleth they eate also Fish In all this Coast the Grayne called Maiz groweth not In this sorte they went rowinge with their Canoas against the currant of the Sea which alwayes runneth Northward and their way was Southward and in this Nauigacion all along the Coaste the Indians assaulted them accordinge to the custome of their Warres thundering out cryes and noyse callinge them banished men with haire on their faces yea such as were bred of y e scuÌ„ of the Sea without any other Origen or Linage because the Sea had brought them thither demaunding also why they wente like Uacabondes wandringe the World it should appeare saide they that you are ydle persons and haue not wherin to imploy your selues because you abide in no place to labour and till the ground And wheras many of their men and Captaines were slaine by thesâ— Indians aswel by hunger as other wise Don Diego determined to returne to Panama for mo men the which his determinacion he performed and had from thence 80 men so that with them and the residew that remained aliue they arriued at the Land called Carame which was without the dominion of the Mauglares and a Countrey aboundant of meate but meanely inhabited The Indians of y e Countrey which were men of War had their Chéekes full of holes wherin were placed Pearles of Golde and findinge this place so fruitfulâ— they abode there vntill Don Diego de Almagro returned agayne to Panama for more men But in this meane while Don Francisco Pisarro returned abiding the coÌ„ming of his companion in a litle Iland which stoode neare vnto the Mayne called Insula de Gallo wheras hée stood in néede of all thinges necessary How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Iland of Gorgona and how with the small company of men which hee had remayninge hee sayled till hee passed the Equinoctiall Chap. 2. WHen Don Diego de Almagro returned to Panama for succour he found that his Maiestie had prouided for gouernment of the same Cittie a Gentilman of Cordoua called Pedro de los Rios who staid his procéeding personally because those which remained in the Iland of Gallo had sente secretly to this new Gouernour to intreate that hée should not permit any moe men to dy in that daungerous Iorney without any profit wheras tosore others of their Nacion had ended their dayes and that it might please him to coÌ„maund them also to returne In consideracion wherof Pedro de los Rios sente his Deputie with especiall commaundement that all such as were willing might safely retuâ—ne to Panama without daunger and
without disturbinge of any that would force them to abide there And whan this newes and order taken came to their knowledge they forthwith tooke Shippinge with great ioye euen as though they had esâ—aped out of captiuitie of Moares so that only 12. men abode willingly with Don Francisco Pisarro with the which beeing so few in number hee durst not abide there but went to an Ilande vnhabited situated sire Leagues from the Mayne in the Sea and because this Iland was replenished with many faire Springes and brookes hee named it Gorgona wheras hee with his company maintained themselues with Cockles Crabbes and great Snakes which are there in aboundance hee aboad there vntill his Shippe returned from Panama which brought nothing but only Uictuall wherin hee with his 12. men toke shipping who were so constant and vertuous that they only were the principall cause of the discouery of Peru of whom one was called Nicolas de Ribera naturall of Olbera Pedro de Candia borne in Greece in the Iland of Candia Ihon de torre Alonso brisenio borne in Benauent Christopher de Peralia borne in Baesa Alonso de Trugillio borne in Trugillio Francisco de Cuellar borne in the Towne of Cuellar Alonso de Molina borne in the Cittie of Vbeda Their chéefe Pilot was named Bartilmew Ruiz borne in the Towne of Moguex This happy company sayled with great perril and daunger against the winde and currant vntill they arriued at a Prouince called Mostripe which standeth betweene the Uillages which the Christians had inhabited the one they named Truxillio and the other S. Mighell there aboad a certaine time for want of men they durst not procéede beyond the Riuer called Chira anâ— there prouided themselues of the Cattell of that Countrey which were Shâ—epe and also of Indian Interpretors who willingly serued them Notwithstanding beeing there well refreshed embarked againe and sayled vnto the Porte of Lumbez where they had intelligence of a princely House which the Lord of Peru had in that place and also a Towne of Indians which were exceeding ritch This place was one of the most notablest things in Peru vntill such time that the Indians of the Ilande Puna distroyed it as hereafter shalbe declared and there hee left thrée fugitiue Spanyardes who were slaine by the Indians as at the length was knowen So that with this intelligence they returned backe againe to Panama hauinge beene thrée yeares in the same Discouery in great perrill suffering many miseries aswell by want of Uictuals as by the Warres and resistance of the Indians and also mutiny amonge themselues who were in dispaire the most of them to finde any profitable thing But yet the wisdome gentle condicion of Don Francisco Pisarro pacified their discorde with great courage perswading them of the great hope which hée had in Don Diego de Almagro for they prouision of Men Uictuals Horses and Armour So that where those three Gentilmen the setters forwarde of this Uoyage were the ritchest men in that partes were now the poorest and yet indetted in great summes of Money ¶ How Don Francisco Pisarro came into Spayne to giue knowledge to his Maiestie of the discouery of Peru and of some of the Customes and properties of the naturals of the Countrey Chap. 3. THe Discouery béeing begun in the manner before declared Don Francisco Pisarro came into Spayne and gaue intelligence to the Emperour his Maiestie of all such thinges as had happened beseechinge his highnes in recompence and rewarde of his paynes to graunt vnto him the gouernment of such Countreyes as hereafter hee should discouer and inhabit The which his request the Emperour graunted vpon certaine condicions and Articles of agreement drawen and engrosed accordinge as tofore his Maiestie had done with other Captaynes in affaires of Discouery With this order taken hee returned to Panama takinge with him Hernando Pisarroâ— Ihon Pisarroâ— Gonsalo Pisarro â— and Francisco Martin of Alcantara his Bretheren among the which Hernando Pisarro and Ihon Pisarro were onely legittimate BrethreÌ„ of Father and Mother Sonnes vnto Gonsalo Pisarro the long Cittizen of Trugillio who had sometime beene Captaine of Infautery in y e Kingdome of Nauarra Don Francisco Pisarro and Gonsalo Pisarro were his naturall Children but not by one Wife Francisco Martin was his Sonne in Law Besides these afore named hee carryed many others with him for the pretended discouery but the most of them were of the Citties of Trugillio and Caseres and other Uillages of the Prouince called Estremadura In this sorte with prosperous Nauigacion he arriued and came to his desired place of Panama and there began to prouide the things necessary for the Discouery in the name of the first companye Although there was some discorde betwéene Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro â— because Don Diego receiued great vnkindnesse that Don Francisco had brought to passe his desire with the Emperour and obtained the Title and name of Gouernour and chéefe Discouerer of all the dominion of Peru without any remembraunce made of him nor yet of his seruice although the sayd â—on Diego had béen one of the cheefest aduenturers and also personally partaker of the paynes But yet notwithstandinge Don Francisco perceauing by his countenaunce how the matter went did comfort and perswade him that the Emperour at that time when he was with his Maiestie pleased not to take order for him to remunerate his trauaile accordingly although hee did in his behalfe require the same but notwithstandinge hee gaue vnto him for his parte both his worde and promise to renounce the Office Title of cheefe Discouerer in him and also would sende to the Emperour to beseech his Maiestie to confirme the same With which faire wordes Don Diego was somewhat pacified so that now wee will leaue from that matter and speake of the Nauie other necessaries concerning the Discouery and also declare the scituacion of the Prouince of Peru and the notable thinges of that Countrey with the customes of the People Of the people which inhabite vnder the Equinoctiall Lyne and other notable thinges which are in that partes Chap. 4. THe Lande of Peru wherof this Historie God willing shall treate did begin from the Equinâ—â—tâ—all forward vntill the Meriâ—ian the people which inhabite vnder the Equinoctiall and neare there vâ—to are in Phisnomie like Iewes they pronounce their speâ—ch in the throat like vnto Moriscos they are inâ—lâ—â—â—â— to the sin of Zodome by reason wherof they are rigorous to their Wiues and make small accompt of them they weare no kinde of garment sauing their priuie partes which are couered Their Wemen do plough and sow the ground they grinde their Graine and therof make their prouision of foode their Corne is called in their Ilande language Maiz and in Peru it is called Zara. The men weare short Shyrtes which come to the Nauill and their priuy partes are vncouered they haue their heads shorne with a Crowne like Friers and the hinder and forepart of
Uillages within the maine lande vse to come thither for their prouision and furniture From the mines of this Prouince is brought greatâ— aboundance of golde and siluer The scituation is in the middest of the land as yet discouered by reason whereof the Emperour his Maiestie placed there a chauncery royall and Iudges to decide his subiectes causes which also causeth the greater resorte of people It is thought that in processe of time this Citie will increase to be of marueilous fame and greatnes At this day there are aboue fiue hundred housholds of Spaniards and eâ—ery house hath a greater compasse of ground then the houses built in Spayne so y t these 500. houfes séeme bigger theâ— 1500. in Castillia by reason that the streetes are broad and hath also a place of great compasse in the middest of the citie ech house hath in the fronte 800. foote twise as much large Their buylding is but of one storie high for want of timber to builde a height and yet that timber within thrée yeres beginneth to rotte and consume yet notwithstanding the low building the houses are sumptuous and of great Maiestie The walles are of fiue foote broade the plot whereon the houses stand are raysed of like height with earth by reason whereof the houses seeme of reasonable height The Roofes of those houses are made of rafters layde crossewise and vpon the Timber is layde for séeling gallante paynted mattes like vnto those which are made in Almeria in the kingdome of Granada and vpon that seeling are layd boughes so that the lodgings are high fresh not troubled with the sunne and as for the water they neede not to care for as before is declared it neuer rayneth in those plaines Thirty Leagues from this Cittie along the Coast is another Cittie intituled the faire Towne of Aroquipa which hath in it 300. houses of Spanyardes this also is a healthfull soyle and aboundant of all kinde of victuall but it standeth 12. Leagues from the Sea coast by mean wherof it is thought that the Towne wil encrease with inhabitantes for the Riuer by which it standeth is so good and faire that Shippes laden with Marchandize may come vp the riuer euen to the Cittie and froÌ„ this place the Cittie of Cusco is serued of all things needefull and likewise the Prouince of Charcas from which places commeth the most people of that Countrey by reason of the contractacion of the Mynes of Potosi Also great quantitie of Plate is brought thither to be laden in the Shippes backe againe in returne to the Cittie of the Kinges or Panama which is a great helpe for to auoyde the carriage by land béeinge very daungerous and troublesome in the highe wayes since the time that the new Orders or Lawes set forth by the Emperour were executed From this Cittie men may trauaile forward alonge the Sea coaste for the space of 400. Leagues vnto the Prouince that the Gouernour Pedro de Valdiuia did discouer and inhabite called Chili which is as much as to say in the Indian tongue Colde by reason of the extreame colde which the trauellers passe in the waye thither as in this History shalbe declared hereafter when the iorney made by the chéefe Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro shalbe spoken of so that now is vnderstood the scituacion and habitacion of the parte of Peru and the Playnes therof wherwithall is likewise to bee considered that the Sea coaste is cleane and without daunger of Rocks as far as hither vnto hath béene discouered nor yet any furious or tempesteous weather doth vexe that coaste of the South Sea and therfore it may well bée called the quiet and Golden Sea yea and moreouer anye shippe along that coast may with one Ankor ride in safety with out daunger of any winde Of the qualities and nature of the Mountaynes of Peru and of the habitacions and dwellinges of Christians and Indyans Chap. 8. THe Indians which dwel in the Mountains doo differ much from those which dwell in y e Plaines or low countrey both in streÌ„gth knowledge and liuinge for in the Mountaynes their dwelling is in houses couered with earth their shirtes and garmentes are wrought of shéepes wooll which there doo bréed they weare nothing on their head but haue their haire laced with a stringe The Wemen weare garments without sléeues gyrded with woollen gyrdels which maketh them long wasted they also weare certayn Mantels ouer their heds which are pinned about their neckes with pinnes of Golde or Plate accordinge to the habilitie of euery one those pinnes are called in their language Topos because the heads are great plaine and flat and the sides and points excéedinge sharpe These Wiues doo helpe their Husbandes in the labour tillage of the ground nay I may say that their paines is greatest in all sâ—ruice These Wemen of complexion are white and well fauoured excéeding much the wemen of the Plaines and so likewise the countrey doth much differ the one from the other because the Mountaynes doth bring forth great aboundance of Grasse hath much fresh water of which and from which the Riuers procéedes which runneth downe into the Playnes there are also many kinde of Flowers and pleasant greene plottes with sundry kinde of Earbes and sundry sortes of Trees of maruailous fruites so pleasaunt in taste that in all Spayne there is no better there are also wilde Walnut trées and Willowes these Indians haue many wilde Shéepe and others very tame and domestical they haue also Deare and sundry other kinde of Beastes and great number of Foxes The Indians are great Hunters and call the game Chico but when they are disposed to make a generall feast of huntinge they ioyne togeather foure or fiue hundred Indians and place them selues one by one in the compasse of the ground which they meane to hunte which oftentimes is two or thrée Leagues in circuite and then they come inclosing foote by foote by the sound of certaine songes which they vse to singe for that purpose so that at the end they ioine altogeather in a round and take each other hand in hand some arme in arme so that they bring in among them a great number of siluester Beastes euen as though they were penned in a Pownd and than they kil and make their choice at their pleasure but the excéedinge showtes and hallowinge which they make doth not only feare the wilde Beasts but also oftentimes with the same noyse they amaze the Partriges and other Foule that easely they may be taken by hand There are also in the Mountaynes Lyons and great blacke Beares wilde Cattes and Apes of diuerse sorts and many other kinde of wilde Beastes vnknowen to our Nation The Foule which most frequent y t plaines and Mountaines are Eagles Doues Turtle Doues Quailes Parats Hawkes white russet Nightingals and diuerse other sortes of faire gallant Foule aloâ—ge the Sea coast are Buytres that hauinge their whinges spred
contrariwise if any chaunced to be with child theÌ„ she was put to her purgation by oth if she sware that she was gotten with child by the Sun then was she pardoned of death At the time of haruest when the Indians gathered in their corne called Maiz they vsed yerely to make a solemne feast and in y t fairest place of the towne they pitch into the ground two masts like soÌ„merpoles vpon the top of each they placed y e image of a man and the middle of the poales are trimmed with flowers Then come they in foure seueral companies w t their drummes and by the sound of their drummes they come also making a great noyse ech company throwing their wands at the images and after they haue so done then coÌ„meth the priest bringing an idol which they place at the foote of the poales before whoÌ„ they sacrifice either a man or a sheepe and with the bloud of either of them they annoynt the Idole This done they take the hart lights to search for their accustomed signes tokens And then they signifie therby vnto the people what shal happen vpon which newes the feaste is either pleasant or sad and all that day they spend in daunsing and drinking and in other pastimes which they vse with instruments of musick according to their maner w t their weapons in their hands which are hatchets clubs and such like The opinion which these Indians holde concerninge the resurrection Chap. 12. THe Cascikes of Peru al the principall persons in the Land they do vse to bury in vaultes sitting in chaires and haue vpon them and about them all their ritch clothing they were wont to burie also with them one or two of their wiues which were best beloued It hath happened about this poinct sometime the wiues to go to law to approoue which was best beloued and to auoide that discord the husband doth leaue determined before his death who was his best beloued they also buried aliue with him two or thrée boyes or Pages of seruice they layd also into the graue al his vessell of Golde and Siluer The effecte and meaninge hereof was that they beleeued to rise againe in another worlds and therfore they would not then be to séeke for such furniture or seruice So than when the Spanyards came to breake vp those Sepulchres for the gold plate that was in them the Indians besought them that they would not scatter y e bones because said they their bones béeinge togeather they shall more easely and with lessâ— paine rise againe The obsequies which their kinsfolke make for them is in this sort from the top of the Graue there goeth a pipe made of Cane that reacheth down into the mouth of the dead wherunto the kinsefolke do ofteÌ„ put into the drinke or beuaredge called Chicha they also make vpon their Graues the Image of the ded made of wood and other coÌ„mon folke hath the signe of their occupacion made vpoÌ„ their graues but the Souldier or man of War hath a remeÌ„brance according to his valiantnes Of the Origen of the Kings of Peru called Ingas Chap. 13. IN all the Prouinces of Peru were principall persons called in the Indian tongue Curacas which is as much to saye as Cascikes in the Iland spéeche because the Spanyardes which came to conquer in Peru had learned these names in the Iland of Santo Domingo Cuba Sainct Ihon and in Tierrafirme where they had dwelt so that at their first coÌ„ming thyther they vnderstood not the proper names of things in the Peru speach by meane wherof the Indians themselues at this day vse to name those things according to the Spanyards termes of speech and therfore they leaue from callinge their noble men Curaca and call them Cascikes and the corne or graine which they were wont to call Sara they called Maiz and the drinke which they called Asua they now call Cieha These noble men did maintaine their vassals in peace and quietnes in time of war they were their captains In this sorte they liued without any generall Prince throughout the land vntil such time as from the partes of Collao came from the great lake called Tiâ—icaca which is in circuite nere 80. Leagues certaine warlike persoÌ„s which were called Ingas they vsed to haue the here of their heads rounded heales in their eares wherat did hang round peeces of gold The eare in their language was called Ringrym The chéefest of this newcome people was called Sapalla Inga which is as much to saye as onely Lorde although some saye hee was called Inga Vira Cocha which is to saye the scumme or fatnes of the Sea for because they knew not the Origine from whence they came They beléeued that they were bred of the sayde great lake out of the which runneth a Riuer toward the East which in some places is halfe a league broad and this Riuer falleth into another litle lake 40. leagues distant froÌ„ the great lake and there consumeth without any other vent with great admiration of such as would consider how so great a Riuer should consume in so small a lake But the said lake is of such depth that they can finde no bottome Wherefore it is thought that by the inwarde bowels of the earth the water entreth into the Sea as â—oth the Riuer Alpheo in Greece This Ingas begaÌ„ first to inhabit the citty of Cusco from thence they conquâ—red brought into subiectioÌ„ al y e land their children successiuely inherited the Empire that is to say not the eldest son but rather the second brother is alwaies successiuely heire to his eldest brother wheÌ„ brethren waÌ„teth to inherit thaÌ„ the eldest son inheriteth The token or Crowne which those Princes vsed was a Tassel made of red wooll which was worne vpon their heds came down to their eies so y t when any gouernor was appointed to rule in any part of the realme thaÌ„ was deliuered vnto him one of the threds of the Kings tassal so y t with one of those simple threds hée was obayed and esteemed euen as though the persoÌ„ royal had bin present the like was neuer séene in any place of the world Nay moreouer I am bold to say y t the obedieÌ„ce of those people vnto their Prince was such that it hath happened one of those gouernors hauing but y e only thred froÌ„ his Prince béeing sent therwith hath slayne both men wemen of a whole Prouince without any greater power writing or coÌ„mission But when those poore subiectes saw y e thred they submitted them selues euen vnto death By succession of those Kinges Ingas the State came vnto one called Guaynacaua which is to say a ritch young man and hée it was that had gotten most couÌ„treyes to the augmenting of the estate hée was also a louer of Iustice and executed the same throughout his land and brought the countrey to pollicy tillage which was thought in those daies a
Mitimaes Out of euery Prouince throughout his whole DominioÌ„ they brought yerely vnto their prince certein tribute of such things as the countrey yealded in so much that in some barrain soiles where no good commoditie grew yet from thence they sent yerely also to the king in token of duetie obedience certain loades called burthens of litle Lizarts as far as 300. leagues from cusco This Prince Guaynacaua did réedifie the Temple of the sun which was of old time fouÌ„ded in the citie of Cusco séeled the Roofes and walles thereof with boordes of siluer and golde And because a certaine noble maÌ„ which â—welled in the playnes had rebelled against him called chimocappa who was a man of great possession and had more then one hundred leagues of ground he went personally against him slew him in the field coÌ„maunded that from thenceforth no IndiaÌ„ of the plaines should at any time were weapon which oâ—der is kept vntill this day yet notwithstanding his successor enioyed through the Princes fauour y e prouince of chimo where at this present standeth the citie of Trugillio Guaynacaua and his father toke an order for the breeding of cattaile by meane whereof the couÌ„trey was wel prouided out of the which they payd tithing which they sacrificed to the sun The chiefe cause of the estimation of gold amoÌ„g the Indians was because the king made al the vessell for the seruice of his court of that mettal and also Iewels for his person offerings for the Temple The king had alwaies a chaire of gold caried with him to sit in of 16. carrets in fines which was estéemed at 25000 dukets this chaire was one of the things y e Don Francisco Pisarro chose for his iewel at the time of y e conquest For according to the articles of agréement betwéene his Maiestie him was agreed that of y e best Iewels which should be found or taken at any victorye hee should haue one out of y e first choise of the whole treasure At y e birth of the first manchild which Guaynacaua had he coÌ„maÌ„ded a cable of gold wier to be made in remeÌ„brance of y e birth of his sonne that was of such greatnes as many IndiaÌ„s do affirme which are as yet liuing that 200. strong men could scarcely lift or beare and also in remembrance of this memorable iewel he named his soÌ„ne Guasca which in y e IndiaÌ„ spéech is called a cable or great rope added therunto for his sirname Inga which is as much to say as Emperour This example I thought good to declare in this place for to conuince an opinion which is held in Spayne among such as know not the fashions of India and was how that people esteemed no golde nor yet knew the valew therof although it is true that they had many straÌ„ge vessels wrought of siluer and golde and also images of men wemen sheepe and many other kinde of beasts and sundry kindes of herbes wrought in the same metall of exceeding cunning workmanship Of the estate of the warres when the Spaniards came into Peru. Chap. 15. ALthough the principal intent of this Historie was to set out the things hapned to the Spaniards which at that time conquered the land and of their discouery since But sithens this could not wel be done without touching somewhat of the estate of the Indians which then ruled And also that it may be vnderstood it was the diuine permission that the Spaniards should come thither at such time as the land was deuided into two parcialities for otherwise it wold haue séemed not only difficult but also almost impossible Therefore I will recite in briefe the estate which the Spaniards found the countrey in at their arriual After that Guaynacaua had brought into subiection to great a number of Prouinces to his Empire for y e space of 500. Leagues accounting from Cusco westward hée then determined to goe in person to conquere the Prouince of Quito in the vttermost part whereof finished his dominion So that he prouided on his iorney thitherward with a great armye and being come thither and hauing finished and quyeted that Prouince he delighted much in that countrey because it was a pleasant Soyle and holesome for his complection whereupon hee abode there a great space leuing in the citie of Cusâ—o certain of his Sonnes and Daughters amonge whom was his eldest sonne called Guascar Inga Mango Inga and Paulo Inga and diuerse others And in Quito hee married another Wife Daughter vnto the Lorde of that Countrey and of her hee begot a Sonne called Atabaliba who hee loued excéedinglye so that now hée determined to returne to Cusco leauinge his Sonne with a Tutor in Quito but in this returne hee found the Calsey in the Mountayne broken and spoyled as herebefore hath béene declared After hee had abode in Cusco certaine yeares hee determined to returne againe to Quito not onely because that Countrey contented him much but also with desire to sée his Wife and young Sonne whom he loued more than any other of his Children and this Iorney hee tooke in hande by the highe waye that was made in the Playnes and from this time forward hee retourned no more to Cusco but abode all his life time in Quito gaue that Land or Prouince which hee had with force conquered to his Sonne Atabaliba because the same had béen of his Grandfathers Whan Guaynacaua died his Sonne Atabaliba tooke pocession of his Armye and of all his Fathers ritches which were in that Prouince although his greatest treasure was lefte in his Treasury in the Cittie of Cusco in the custody of his eldest Sonne vnto whom Atabaliba sente Embassadors giuinge him to vnderstand the decease of his Father and also submittinge himselfe to his obedience beséechinge his Maiesty that hée would ratifie the gift of his Prouince of Quito which the Father of them both had left vnto him considering that that Prouince of Quito was conquered by their Father after the maryage with his Mother and moreouer the Lande came by his Mother and Auncestors and was not pertayning to the Crowne of cusco or his inheritance Guascar made answere that hée should come to Cusco and render vp vnto him the Army and in so dooinge hee would giue vnto such Landes as should maintaine him like a man but the state of Quito hée shoulde not haue because it was the vttermost part of his Kingdome and from thence hée ment to conquer forward and alwaies there to maintayne a Garrison as a Frontier And if vpon this warninge hee refused to come vnto him that then hée would bend his power against him as an open enemy Atabaliba tooke counsell vpon this matter with two of his Fathers Captaynes who were both wise and valyant in the Warres The one was called Quizquiz and the other cilicuchima who counsailed that hee should not abide his Brothers comminge but that it might please him to begin to take that
for their ships hée now considering that the number of his Horse were but few which hee left there after the taking Prisoner of Atabaliba hee sent for his Deputie from Caxamalca to Sainct Mighell Captaine Benalcasar with ten Horses at which time came many Indian Canares to make their coÌ„plaint against Ruminagui â— and his people saying that daily they were by them molested with cruell War At the same seasoÌ„ were many men comen from Panama Nicaragua so that when Captaine Benalcasar had heard of the iniuries of the Indians of Quito hee chose 200. of those fresh-men whereof was 80. Horsemen with them he toke his Iorney toward Quito aswel to defend the Canares as also for the great same of Golde that was thought to bee in those partes in the Treasury of Atabaliba when Ruminagui had vnderstanding of the comming of Captaine Benalcasar hee came and encountered with him in manye dauÌ„gerous passages with y e number of 12000 Indians also had many priuie snares made to intray y e ChristiaÌ„s in the high wayes which pollicies Benalcasar did preuent with great diligence for in the night season he sent 60. or 70. horsemen to assure his way either aboue or beneath y e accustomed high wayes which was ordinarily done before the morning so y t with this industry y e enemy was forced to retire into the plaines where they durst not abide the battaile for the great spoile which the horsemen made among them â—ut if by hap they staied in any place it was where their vsuall snares were betwéene them and the christians which were great holes made in the grouÌ„d sticked ful of stakes couered ouer with a false couering of grasse straw sand or els with turues which was so wel handled that w t great difficultie those snares could be discouered and might wel be compared to those which Caesar wryteth in his seuenth commentary which the people of Aexia deuysed for the defence of their citie But notwithstanding all their inuentioÌ„s they could not deceiue Benalcasar his chiefe pollicie was that alwayes he would be sure not to giue any onset where the Indians shewed countenance to expecte his comming for there was alwayes the snares ordeyned But rather he would goe and compasse them about 2. or 3. leagues to assaulte them on their backs or sidewise with great aduise not to passe vpon any gréene thing that might séeme counterfaite But now the Indians séeing their practises woulde take no place they deuised another practise which was they hauing vnderstanding or at the least suspecting which way the Christians would passe made certayne heales in the ground of the breatâ—h of a horse foote somwhat déepe not much distant one from another pretending by this pollicie to breake their horse legs But yet their deuises could not preuail to deceue Benalcasar who stil proceeded on conquering as he went euen to the principal cittie of Quito where hee had aduertisement how Ruminagui had sayd vnto his wiues which were many now shall you haue your desire and pleasure for y e Christians whom ye loue are at hand with whom yee may take your repast But those poore weÌ„ches thinking that he had speaken those words in meriment or iest laughed at his sayings which laughter cost them déere for with méere ielicusie incontinent he commaunded their heads to be stricken from their bodies and when he had executed this cruell acte he determined to flee and forthwith â—e set on fyer a warâ—drope which was ful of rich princely ornaments which sometime did belong for the ordinary appartel of Guainacaua When these his venemoâ—s factes were ended he fled and in his flight hee gaue a sodaine assault vpon the Spaniards but no hurt done so that now entred Benalcâ—sar and tooke quyet posseâ—sion of the Citie In this meane season y e Lord Marques Gouernor sent Don Diego de Almagro to the new citie of S. Mighel there to take information of certaine newes which was certified vnto him which was how Don Pedro de Aluarado Gouernour of Guatimalla had taken shipping to come into Peru with a great power both of horsemen and footmen to discouer Peru as more at large shall be declared in the next chapter Don Diego de Almagro came to the citie of S. Mighel â— without hearing any â—urther newes of that matter but he had vnderstanding how Benalcasar was in the siege of Quito and of the resistance of Ruminagui whereupon he determined to goe succour him and accordingly tooke that iorney in hand which was 120. leagues from saint Mighel And when he was come to Quito he tooke all Benalcasars men and ioyned them with his army with whom he conquered certaine townes which vntill his comming would not yeeld but when he saw that y e great treasure of gold which he expected could not be found he returned toward Cusco leauing Captaine Benalcasar for Gouernour of Quito as he was before his comming How Don Pedro de Aluarado came into Peru and what followed Chap 10. AFter that Don Hernando Cortez Lord Marques of the valley of Huaxacac had conquered and pacyfied the new Spayne hee had vnderstanding of a countrey adioyning therunto called Guatimala for the discouery thereof he sent one of hys captaynes called Don Pedro de Aluarado who with y e company which he had with him did conquere and winne the same with great peril and danger And in recompence of his paynes taken the Emperour his maiesty gaue vnto him the gouernment of the same countrey FroÌ„ wheÌ„ce he had intelligence of the Prouince of Peru whereupon he besought his Maiestie to graunt vnto him some parte of that discouery which according to his request was giuen vnto him with the conditions accustomed for discouerers By vertue of which graunt vnder letters patents he sent a Gentleman of the towne of Casarez called Gartia Holguin with two shippes to discouer the coast of Peru at whose returne bringing newes of the greate quantitie of golde which Don Francisco Pisarro had obtayned in his discouery he determined personallye to take that iorney in hand and whilest that Don Francisco was occupyed in his affayres in Caxamalca he imagined that he might easily procéede beyonde his iurisdiction vpon his pretended discouery and take possession of the Cittie of Cusco which in his iudgemente did stand without the limittes of the 250. Leagues of ground discouered and graunted in gouernment to Don Francisco Pisarro and to bring the better his purpose to effect he feared least succour might come from Nicaragua to the Gouernour wherupon on a night he sayled to Nicaragua where hee tooke by force two great shippes which were there rigging to effect that when they were trimmed they should passe a company of men and horses to the gouernour Pisarro in Peru. In which shippes and in his owne which he brought from Guatimalla he embarked 500. horsemen and footmen and with them sayled til he came to y e coast of Puerto Viejo and from thence hee
death coÌ„maunded that they should prepare them selues to retire but his men not hauinge furniture of victuals for their returne his Captaines ioyned togeather and toke for their chieftaine Guaypalan who in the name voyce of all the rest saide vnto him that it were much better for theÌ„ to die in fight with christians than to perrish with hunger in the retire into places vnhabited Unto which sute request Quixquix gaue a lowring answere wherupon Guaypalan strake him to y e hart with his Launce incoÌ„tinent came other of his captaynes who with clubs hatchets made him into peeces than the souldiers scattered theÌ„ selues some one way some another eueÌ„ at their own pleasure How the Gouernor paid Don Pedro de Aluarado the 100000 poyzes for the agrement and how Don Diego would haue perforce bin receiued Gouernor in the Cittie of Cusco Chap. 13. WHen Don Diego Don Pedro were come to Pachacama the gouernor who was come thither froÌ„ Xauxa receiued entertained theÌ„ ioyfully also according to agreement paid vnto Don Pedro the 100000 poyzes in ready gold for his Nauy brought from Guatimala although there were many y t perswaded him to stay the payment alleaging that the fleete was not worth so much money no nor yet the one halfe of the said sum that the former bargaine was made by Don Diego with feare coÌ„sidering that Don Pedro had great aduauntage of him and there now he mought do wel to apprehend him and sende him prisoner to the Emperors Maiestie And although the Gouernor might haue taken that councell and also haue brought it to passe accordingly without perrill yet hee chose rather to ratifie performe the worde promise of his freend Don Diego de Almagro notwithstandinge the councel of his captaines he made present paiment of the 100000 poyzes in good gold than permitted him quietly and fréendly to depart to passe vnto his gouernment of Guatimala he himself abode and tooke order for the habitacion citizens of the citie of the Kings brought froÌ„ Xauxa y e dwellers there to inhabit the said citie because it séemed vnto him a singuler place of contractacion and excéeding holsome for mans health From this citie departed Don Diego de Almagro with a great company toward y e citie of Cusco the Gouernor went to reforme the buildings other things in the citie of Trugillio to make reperticion of the ground among the citizens In this meane season came newes how Don Diego de Almagro ment to possesse y e citie of Cusco to his only gouermeÌ„t because he had receiued aduertisemeÌ„t by Hernando Pisarro how y e Emperor had grauÌ„ted vnto him the gouernment of one 100. leagues of grouÌ„d beyond the limits of the gouernmeÌ„t of Don Francisco Pisarro which according to here say did not extend so far as Cusco but against this opinioÌ„ possession both Ihon Pisarro Gonsalo Pisarro the Gouernors bretherne did not only speake against but also resist w t many of their fréends which daily came vnto theÌ„ and also when the matter came in question in the councel house of the Citie among the principallest of the Cittizens the greatest number helde with the Gouernour Pisarro and his Bretherne When the Lord Marques had perfecte relation of the proceeding in Cusco he forthwith toke his iorney thither by post so that with his presence al controuersies were ended pardoned Don Diego of his offence who was not a litle amazed because he had intermedled in so waighty a matter with iust title or prouision from his Maiestie but only with the newes of heresay he presumed to take the Office vpon him so that now againe they confirmed their former freendship company with this condicion that Don Diego de Almagro should go to discouer the countrey toward the South sea if hee should finde the lande fruitful and to his content that then he would make sute to the Emperour to graunt vnto him the gouernment therof And if it happened that hee could not finde any soyle to his content that theÌ„ the land vnder the gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro should bee equally deuided betweene them both And vpon this conclusion eache of them made a solemne othe at the communion of the holy sacrament to performe the couenantes made betweene them furthermore at the same communion time Don Diego pronounced these wordes saying Lord I beseech thee than when I breake this oth before thâ—e made that than thou confound mee body and soule When these thinges were done Don Diego began to prepare thinges necessary for his iorney with 500. men which he had vnder his charge and the Lord Marques returned to the citie of the Kings sent Alonso de Aluarado to conquer the countrey of the Chachapoyas which standeth distant 70. leagues from Trugillio among the MouÌ„taynes in which conquest both hee and those which went in his company passed great misery and troubles vntil they had pacified inhabited the countrey for whose paynes the Gouernment of that Conquest was giuen vnto him ¶ THE THIRD BOOKE containeth the Iorney that Don Diego de Almagro made into Chili and of thinges that hapned in the meane season in Peru and how the Indians rebelled How Don Diego de Almagro tooke his iorney toward Chili Chap. 1. DOn Diego de Almagro departed on the discouery of his conquest with whoÌ„ went 570. horsemen and footmen well prouided of al furniture necessary yea there were some citizens that left their houses repartitioÌ„s to goe with him He sent before him Iuan de Sayauedra bâ—en in the cittie of Ciuil in Andoluzia with 100. men who in the Prouince which afterward was called Châ—rc 1â— met with certain Indians which came from Chili noâ— knowinge what had passed in Peru to geue their obedience to Inga to present him with certaine wedges of fine gold which wayed 150000. poizes which pray he tooke and also was determined to haue taken Gabriel de Rojas who had the charge of iustice by the appointment of the Gouernour Pisarro hauing vnderstanding of his pretence fled to the cittie of Cusco and Don Diego with all his power procéeded on his way at the time when Mango Inga who sometime had the state and crown of Peru departed from Cusco as before hath bin declared he I sayd agréed w t his brother called Paulo with another called Villaoma â— who was high priest among the Indians which two persons of authority with a great nâ—mâ—er of the Indian people went in company with Don Diego that when hee thought him selfe in most securitie they should set vpon him to murther both him and al his retinue and concerning the gouernor who abode in Peru he would also take the like order to dispatch him and his army at y e time of this conclusion Inga commaunded to sow the ground that victuales might not want when time should require of which prouision the Spanyardes
Iorney Whilest he was executing of Iustice in the Féeld there came aboue 7000. Indians vpon the cittie who put the few Spanyards which had the gard of the cittie in great extremitie amonge whom were Captaines Francisco de Villagran â— and Alonso de Monroy with onely thirtie horsemen who came out of the Cittie into the Féelde where they fought like valyaunt men of War with the Indian Archers from the morninge till the night compelled them to rest of which skirmish they were al both wounded and wearied The Indians also were as glad of the retire through the slaughter and damage which that day they had receaued So that from that day forwarde all the countrey was on an vproare and prepared for the Warres and so continued for the space of eyght yeares all the which time Valdiuia and his men resisted their fury and neuer left the countrey but rather caused his souldiers to plough and sowe the ground and gather the corne to maintayne them without any ayde of the Indian helpe and so continued vntill hee returned to Peru which was at y e time when the lycenciat De la Gasca was preparinge an Armye against Gonsalo Pisarro in all the which warres hee serued as hereafter shalbe declared THE FOVRTH BOOKE treateth of the voyage and discouerye made by Gonsalo Pisarro of the Prouince of Zinamon and of the death of the Lord Marques Pisarro How Gonsalo Pisarro prepared him selfe for the Iorney of Zinamon Chap. 1. AFter that knowledge was had in Peru how within the precincte of the dominion of Quito Eastward was discouered a ritch countrey where abouÌ„dance of Zinamon did grow By reason wherof vulgarly that Countrey or Prouince was called the land of Zinamon Whereupon the Marques determined and also tooke in hand to conquere and inhabite that Countrey so that for the same purpose he chose his brother Gonsalo Pisarro with intent that alwayes from Quito that vyage should be furnished with all necessaries And in accomplishment of his pretended purpose he made assignation of the gouernment of Quito to his sayd brother Gonsalo in hope that the Emperour his Maiestie would confirme the same This don Gonsalo Pisarro tooke his way toward this discouery with a reasonable number of men In the way as he went he was forced often times to fight with the Indians of the Prouince of Guanuco whâ— draue him to such extremitie that he was compelled to write to the Marques for succoure who sent vnto him Francisco de Chaues and after al those broyles were past he came to Quito In this meane while the Marques sente Gomes de Aluarado to conquere and inhabite the Prouince of Guanuco because he was informed how certaine Cascikes had conspired and with a great number of Indians were gone to the siege of the citie of Trugillio who also slew as many Spanyards as they met withall Robbing spoyling likewise the peâ—re Indians which were ComareaÌ„s to the citie and all the spoyle carkases of the dead they offered to an idole which they carryed with them called Caraquilla And in this order proceeded on their iorney vntil Mighel de Lacerna issued out of the Citie with as many Citizens as he could gather together Who ioyning with Francisco de Caues fought with the enemie and obtayned victorie How Gonsalo Pisarro departed from Quito and came to the Countrey of Zinamon what hapned to him on his way Chap. 2. GOnsalo Pisarro hauing prepared all necessaries for his determined vyage hee departed from Quito hauing in his company 200. Spaniards wel trimmed in all poynts of the which number was one hundred horsemen and aboue 4000. Indian frends with 3000. sheepe and hogs After he was passed a towne called Inga he came into the countrey of the people called Quixos which is the farthest Countrey that Inga Guaynacaua conquered toward the North where as those Indians made a countenance of warre But in one night they vanished all away so that one of them coulde not be taken After a while that hee had abode with his Armie in the townes and dwellinges of those Indians refreshing theÌ„ selues there happened a maruailous great Earthquake with rayne and tempest of Lightning and Thunder and the ground oppened in many places and swallowed vp more then 500. houses yea a riuer which was not farre from them did so much increase that it was not possible for them to passe ouer to seeke victuals by mean wherof they were driuen to great penury and hunger After he departed from these Indian dwellings they came to a row of high hilles which of force they should passe The extreme colde on the top of those hilles was exceeding great in such sort that many of their Indian frendes were there frozen to death and because that wil dernesse of mountaines was without any succour of victuals they were compelled to proceede forward till they came to a Prouince called Sumaco which standeth at the foote of a high Volcan and finding there sufficient prouision of victuals the army abode there whilest Gonsalo Pisarro with some of those countreymen entred againe into the mountaines to séeke a conuenyent way for his army to passe and finding none he came to a towne called Coca and from thence he sent for his company which abode at Sumaco and for the space of two moneths that he abode there it neuer ceased rayning neither day nor night yea in all that space there was not so much drye wether that they might drie the wet clothes which they ware on their backes So that in this Prouince of Sumaco and 50. leagues in circuite groweth the Zinamon wherof they had notice which are great trees with leues like vnto Bay trées and the fruite of these trées is like vnto clusters of small fruite which groweth round like an egge and although the fruit leues barke and rootes of those trées haue the sauour odor and substance of Zinamon yet the most profite is where the fruit groweth like vnto a great acorne and although in all this countrey are many of these wilde trées which fructifie and growe without any labor of mans hand The Indians haue of the same kinde many trées in their tillage ground which they trimme and keepe with labor and payne and those trees produce finer Zinamon a great deale which they estéeme in much because they batter with it in other Cornarcan Prouinces for victualles cloth and all other necessaries which are néedefull for their sustenance Of the Countrey and Townes that Gonsalo Pisarro passed vntil hee came to a Land where hee built a Vergantine Chap. 3. WHilest Gonsalo Pisarro abode in Sumaco the greatest number of his men y t were whole and sound of body wente before to discouer the way according as the Indians gaue theÌ„ instructions yea and oftentimes they ledde them out of the way euen as the inhabitants of Sumaco had doone onely for to expell them out of their countrey and their deceite was they taught them a way sayinge
of the thing which was ment to be signified so that in euerye Prouince were Offycers who had the charge to keepe the thinges in memorie with those coardes which were called Quippo Camayos so that many publique houses were found full of those coardes and the saide officers could by them easily declare any matter concerning their effecte although it had beene of many yeres paâ—t Of the people and things that are beyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian along the sea Coast. Cap. 6. BEyonde the Equinoctiall line towarde the Meridian standeth an Iland 12. leagues distant from the towne of Boio neere adioyâ—ing to the firme land The which Ilande is called Puma and hath in it aboundance of sundrie sortes of beastes and store of deere and much fresh fish in swete waters In time past this Iland was replenished with people and maintained warres with all the townes about their frontiers but principallye they were enemies to the inhabitants of Tumbez which standeth 12. leagues distant from them They were lords of many Raffes for their nauigation these Raffes were made of long light poules bound one vpon another so that alwayes those which were placed vppermost were odde as ordinarily fiue seuen or nine and the middle powle was longer then the rest as a Ruther to guyde the Raffe and thereon sate the rower so that the raffe is made like an open hand euen as one finger is longer then another And on the toppe are plankes layde to kepe soldiers or passengers from wetting There are Raffes that 50. men and 3. horses may wel be carryed on them They vse for them as wel sayles as oares the Indians are very good Marryners for such kinde of vessels although it hath happened that when Spaniards haue sailed on those Raffes the Indians suttlely haue vndone the ropes wherewith the timber was bound together and so ech peece sodenly to separate froÌ„ other By meanes whereof many Christians haue peryshed and the Indians saued them selues vpon the powles withoâ—t any other thing to succour them by reason that they can swim exceeding well Their chiefe weapons for the warres were slinges clubbes and hatchets made of siluer and copper They had many speares or Iauelings with the sharpe poynts of them made of base golde Both the men and women vsed to were many iewels and ringes of golde Their ordinarie vessell was wrought and made of siluer and golde The Lorde of that Ilande was greatly feared among his people hee was also exceeding ielious of his wiues in so much that all those seruitours which attend vppon them had their noses cut of and likewise their genitall members In another litle Iland adioyning to the same they found a house and a gardeine plot or orchard within the same hauing litle trees and plantes therâ—in made of siluer and gold Ouer against this Iland in the firme land were certaine Townes the which by displeasure taken by the Lord of Peru he commaunded that aswell men as wemen should haue all their vpper teeth drawen out of which toothlesse people vntil this day are some liuing Proceeding forward beyond Tumbez toward the Meridian for the space of 500 leagues along the coast and ten leagues into the mayne there neuex rayneth thundreth or falleth any lightning or thunderbolt But passing the sayd ten leagues within the mayne land distant from the sea it both rayneth and thundreth haue both winter and summer in their due seasons in the same maner as is in Spaine But when it is winter in the mountaynes then is it summer on the sea coast and thâ— like contrariwise So that the leâ—gth of that coast which is already discouered of the land of Peru which taketh his beginning and is accompted from the citie of Pasto vnto the Prouince of Chili is one thousand eight hundred leagues as large as the leagues of Castillia and throughout the sayd Countrey lieth a long mountayne or ridge of hilles very troublesome to passe which in some places doth stand distant from the sea 15. yea and 20. leagues and in some places the branches of that mouÌ„taine approacheth nere the sea brim So that all which as yet is discouered of Peru is to be vnderstand by two names that is to say all the ground betweene the mountaines and the sea is called plaines and all the rest is called mountaines The plaines are drie and the most part sands for as before is declared there it neuer rayneth nor yet hath there bene founde any spring or fountaine sauing nere the sea side are 4. or 5. aqueys or cesterns the water wherof is saltish But the people doe prouide themselues of water of the Riuers which descend out of the mountaines The cause of those riuers is the thawing of the snow and rayne which commeth from the sayd hilles where very fewe naturall springes are found These riuers are distant one from another some 10. and some 15. and 20 leagues but the most ordinarie are of seuen and eight leagues so that commonly the trauelers doo appointe their iorneys accordingly to come vnto their fresh water Some of these riuers are a league broade and some lesse according to the disposition of the ground Along those Riuer sides are faire prospectes of trees and fruites ground conuenient for the Indians to sowe their â—orne called Maiz. After the Spaniards began to inhabite this contrey they sowed wheate all the saide plaine grounde they vsed to water with sâ—ewces conueyed out of the Ryuers in which arte they haue great experience and industry the beauty of those Riuers with Trees and fruites aforesaid grow along the said Riuers euen from the Seaâ— vnto the Mountaines those Riuers comming from the â—illes discendinge with such vehemency that the Spanyardes could not passe them on Horsebacke especially the Riuer called Sancta and many others so that those which iorney in those Playnes they keepe all along the Sea coaste but in the Winter season it is daungerous trauailinge that coaste by reason of the excéedinge great currantes of those Riuers that the waye is not vadeable on Horsebacke but only on Raffes or els with a bundell of Gourdes which they vse to binde before their breasts and vnder their armes and an Indian Pilot goeth before swimmyng to leade the way The grounde alonge these Riuers is excéeding fruitefull as wée haue declared where Wheat Maiz groweth in abouÌ„dance without respecting any time of sowing These Indians dwell not in houses but their abidyng is vnder Trées and shadowes made for the purpose Their women were garments made of Cotton woll like vnto gownes which come downe to their féete The men were shirtes downe to the knées and certein Mantels vpon the same although their attire is after one sorte they differ in the attire of their heads accordynge to the vse of euery countrey some vse their haire bounde vp with laces of woll some with one lace and other with many laces of sundry colours so there is
none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
contayne .15 and 16â— palmes or spannes from the point of whinge to whinge these Buytres féede vpon Zeales when they come on Lande to sléepe and refresh them selues than come the Buytres and season some on the feete and some on the tayle and lay such holde on him that hee cannot stirre whilest other plucke out his eyes and then they féede on the carkas there is another sort of foule called Alcatraces which are like vnto Hens although much excéeding in greatnes for his throat will holde three gallons of corne of those all along the coast of the South Sea are aboundance at the leaste for the space of two thousand leagues and more the chiâ—fe feeding of these foules are fâ—â—h They haue also another marueylous propertie which is They will smell the carkas of a dead man a farre of so that they wil enter thirty and forty leagues into the land to séeke the dead bodies The flesh of these foules are of a marueylous euil smell and â—ath happened that some for want of foode haue eaten of them whereof they haue dyed as of a rancke poyson Here before is declared how in these mountaines there rayneth hayleth and snoweth and in fine extreme in colde yet notwithstanding from those high hilles are valleyes descending so deepe that it may be thought incredible to some to speake thereof In which valâ—eys the heate also is marueylous and there groweth a certeine herbe called Coca which the Indians doe estéeme more then golde or siluer the leaues whereof are like vntâ— Zumake the vertue of this herbe knowen by experieÌ„ce is that any hauing of those leaues in his mouth hath neuer hunger nor thirst In some places of those mountaines are no trées at all so that wayfaring men which passe that way vse to make their fire of turâ—es which they finde excéeding good for that purpose There are also vaynes of earth of sundrie coloures and vaynes of golde and Plate wherof the Indians had vnderstandinge and coulde melte the same better and with lesse coste than the Christians they also vsed in the high hilles to make litle Fornaces with their mouthes toward the Meridian wheras the winde most ordinary doth blow and then they lay in the same Fornaces the mettal with Shéepes doung coales so that the winde doth kindle the fier and the mettal melteth and cindreth the Golde and Siluer and yet vnto this day is seene the great aboundance of Siluer which in this sort is molten in the Mynes of Potosi which coulde not otherwise bee wrought with Bellowes so y t the Indians are the chéefe melters with their small furnaces which they cal Guayras in their Language and is as much as to saye as winde because the winde doth kindle their Fornaces This countrey is so fruitful that it yéeldeth for one bushell of Wheate sowen 150. yea and sometime 200. and an hundred for one is ordenary although they haue no Ploughes to till the ground but vse to turne it vp with shouels and so the Indians vse to sow and likewise they make holes in the ground with a woodden Pin and put therin Wheat in such sorte as they vse to set Beanes in Spayne All kinde of Gardaine carbes prospereth excéedingly the Indians foode is chéefely boyled Maiz and toastedâ— in lue of bread and Deare â—lesh dried also drye fishe and sundry kindes of Rootes which they call Iuca and Aâ—is Amotes Papas and such like with many kinde of earbes They also vse a certaine kinde of Beueredge in stead of Wine which they make of Maiz the manner is they lay their Maiz in water in certaine earthen Uessels which they keepe vnder earth and there it voyleth and besides the whole Maiz they put therunto a certaine quantity of ground Maiz the which one Neighbour lendeth to another as wee vse to lende Leuen for Bread They hold opinion y t the standing water maketh better and more stronger beueredge than the running water This drinke is commonly called Chicha in the Ilande Language and in the Peru spéeche it is called Acisa of this drinke there is both white and red according to the colour of y e graine wherof it is made But it is of greater force then any Wine to ouercome the braine to make drunkardes but yet notwithstandinge if the Indians may haue Spanish Wine they would not care for their owne naturall drinke They vse also another sorte of drinke made of a small fruite which grow vpon certaine Trees called Molles this drinke is not so precious as the Chicha ¶ Of the Citties of Christians which are in the Mountaines of Peru. Chap. 9. IN the Mountaines of Peru are sundry places of habitacion of Christians which begin at the Cittie of Quito which standeth foure degrees beyond the Equinoctiall this Cittie in times past was a pleasante thinge and plentifull of corne and cattell and in the yeare of 1544. and 45. there was discouered ritch Mynes of Gold wherupoÌ„ the Cittie began to inlarge his bowndes with inhabitants and flourished vntill the fury of the cruell warres among the Spanyardes begon which was the cause that the most parte of all the Cittizens were slayne by the handes of Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines because they did both fauour serue the Uize-roy Blasco Nunez Vela all the time that he there aboade as hereafter perticularly shalbe declared From this Cittie is no poblation of Christians in the Mountaines vntill you come to the Prouince of the Bracamoros which was discouered by Captaine Ihon Porsell and Captaine Vergara who built there certaine Uillages to the intent that from thence they ment to discoâ—er forwardes But these Uillages came to ruine because Gonsalo Pisarro toke those Captaines and their men to ayde him in his Warres This Discouery was first taken in hande by the order and consent of the lycenciat Vaca de Castro who was gouernour of that Prouince aâ—d sent Captayne Porsell by the coast of Saint Mighell and farther vp into the Mayne hee sent Vergara by the Prouince of the Chachapoyas thinking that they should haue made their entries by seuerall places although it so happened that both the sayd Captaynes met in their iorney and fell to discorde about their Discouery concerning to which of them it should appertaine so that they were both sente for by the Gouernour Vaca de Castro to pacifie and take order in the causes of their contencion so that they were of the first Captaynes that were at the beginninge of the Warres in the Cittie of the Kinges in the seruice of the Uice-roy and after that the sayd Uice-roy was taken prisoner they abode with Gonsalo Pisarro and left of their procéeding in the Discouery This discoâ—ery reached 160. leagues from the Citie of Quito along the mountaines so that other 80. leagues forward standeth the Prouince called Chicapoyas wheâ—e is a Towne of Christians intituled Leuanto and is a fruitfull soyle for all kinde of victuall and hath also reasonable rich
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
thinge vnpossible that a barbarous people without learning and Letters should gouerne with such consent order his subiectes also to shew them selues so louing obedient in such wise y t to shew their louing haâ—ts toward their Prince they made two notable high waies in Peru yea such y t it were very vnméet they shuld be without remeÌ„brance for none of those thinges which olde writers account to be of the seuen maruailes of the world was wrought with such difficultie paines cost as those high waies were made when this Prince Guaynacaua went from the Cittie of Cusco with his Armie to conquer the cittie of Quito which is neare 500. leagues distant going by way of the mountaines in which iorney hee was sore troubled because those waies were so Rockie perrilous yea and a man would haue thought theÌ„ vnpossible to passe wherupon the Indians thought it meete conuenient to make a highe way for him by the which he might returne with victory from the conquest and to accoÌ„plish the same they tooke the worke in hand began the same along the mountaine side both brode and plaine with force brake downe the rockes for that purpose so that al those barrankes or gutters which came from a high out of the Mountaines were filled and made euen with the same way only by force of hand yea some time they were forced to carry vpwardes y e stuffe for the worke aboue 20. fadom so that this high way or cawsey indureth fiue hundred leagues more The reporte is that whan the way was finished a Cart ladeÌ„ might passe all the way but since y e time with the warres betweene the Christians Indians this high waie is now spoiled to disturbe such as should passe that way and who had séene this way mought wel consider the charges by the making plaine of only two leagues of mountaine which are between two cities in spaine called Segouia Guadarrama which was as yet neuer perfectly finished being an ordinary high way by the which the kings of Spaine do passe when they trauaile with their householdes into Andaluzia or into the kingdome of Toledo These Indians not coÌ„tented with so famous a peece of worke when at another time their Prince Guaynacaua determined to visit the Prouince of Quito which he intirely loued because it was his owne conquest hee went by the way of y e plaines where his said subiectes made for him another high way almost as costly as the mountayn way because the riuers where their gréene and fresh things do grow doth occupy in some places neare three miles from the Riuer through the which they wrought a Cawsey fortie of earthen walles on ech side which were of thrée yardes of height They coÌ„tinued tbe same high way through the sandy places with euident marks that the passengers could not mis their way which also eâ—dureth all along y e said space of 500. leagues But now these marks are spoiled also by meane of the sayd warres but the walles of y e waies in the valleys are at this day whole souÌ„d wherby the greatnes maiestie of the work may easily be iudged so that the prince Guaynacaua went out by the one returned by y e other hauing al the way as he should pas trimmed w t boughes flowers of maruailous swéetnes Of the notable things that Guaynacaua caused to be done in Peru. Cap 14. BEsides those famous high wayes before deâ—lared Guanacaua commaunded to buyld at euery ten Leagues end in the mountayne â—â—ayes certaine houses made of a greate â—readth wherein were sundry repertitioÌ„s and roomes sufficient to receiue his owne person when he should passe that way with all his familie and armie the like in the other high way in the plaines although not so nighe the one to the other as the buildinge in the mountaines But according as the riuers lay so was the building by reason of succour and prouision of water and in this sort they stoode distant fifteene yea and twentie Leagues These lodginges were called Tambos whereas the Indians in whose iurisdiction they fel had prouision alwayes in store of all thinges necessarie for his armie and hoast not only of meate and drinke but also of all kinde of armour apparrel and weapon which they vsed for the warres in such sort that one of those Tambos if nede required was able to furnish in euery respecte twenty or thirtie thousand fighting men This Prince caryed with him for his garde a great number of men of warre with pikes halberds clubbes and battle axes of siluer copper and some of gold and also seuerall sorts of slinges They made bridges for Riuers of timber and those Riuers which were so broad that those kinde of bridges would not serue they vsed for them mightie long cables made of a certain kinde of Rushes called Maquey which is more stronger then hempe These cables are made fast on ech side of the Riuer so that from the one side to the other there were of length 200. paces And by skilfull arte a certaine litle vessell like vnto a great basket serueth to passe ouer the wayfaring men by the stay and helpe of the cable These kindes of passages the Indians doe maintaine at their costes charges I meane those of the iurisdiction where they fall The king vsed to goe in his Litter made of plates of golde which Litter was not drawen with any kinde of beasts but only caried vpoÌ„ noble mens shoulders which alwayes atteÌ„ded at his court to the number of one thousand who were also his best beloued and of his counsell Likewise these noble men when they went abroad attended not on the king were also caried in Litters vpon their vassals shoulders These Casikes had their prince in great honor reuerence and estimation so that when any Piere or great Estate had occasion to come to his Princes presence his duetie was to come barefooted to bring his mantel on his shoulder with some present wrapped therein to present to his Soueraigne in token of duetie and obedience So that if occasion serued to talk with y e Prince tweÌ„ty times in one day so ofteÌ„ were they bound to bring him some new gift Likewise it was holden for a great offence to looke their Prince in the face and if it hapned any of them to stumble when they carryed the Prince in his Litter his head was stricken of for his labour In euery halfe league was appointed for the Princes seruice a foote Poast which ordinarily did runne with greater speede then the horse poast When this Prince had conquered any Prouince forthwith he commauÌ„ded the chiefest men of that place to be sent into some other Prouince of his kingdome already in subiection And the Inhabitants there to come and abide in the Prouince newly discouered for the greater securitie of his estate And these people that were in this sort changed froÌ„ one Prouince to another were called
Barrio made answere to Guascar that they could not leaue of from y e iorney which they had in hand but with al spéede possible they meant to returne and then they would solicite his suite and request and so departed and procéeded on their iorney which was y e only cause of Guascars death and also the losse of al the said wonderful treasure for the captaines which carryed him prisoner gaue intelligence by poast to Atabaliba of all the talke had betwéene the Spanyards and Guascar But Atabaliba considered with him selfe that if this matter should come in question before the Gouernour aswell for that Guascaer had iustice on his side as also for the great aboundance of gold by his brother offred knowing also y e great loue affection that the Spaniards bare to the goldeÌ„ mettall he feared by these meanes that y e kingdome should be geuen to his brother yea and so it might fall out that for y e causes aforsaid he might be slain to put all matter out of question therfore he determined to kil his said brother yet he feared y e enterprise because he had heard say that y e christians had a law among theÌ„ that whosoeuer did kill any of their nation should therefore also be killed And thereupon he deuised to proue the Gouernours minde in that case the which he put in vre with great industry and on a day he fayned great sorrow with teares and sobbinge and would neither eate nor drinke nor speake with anye man although the Gouernour did earnestly enportune him to declare the causeâ— At the length hee began to say that hée had vnderstood and receiued newes how a Captaine of his séeinge him Prisoner had slayne his Brother Guascar the which was no small greefe for him for hée loued him not onely because he was his elder Brother but rather hée held him in stead of a father and although hee was the occassion to take him prisoner it was not to the intente to hurte his person nor yet to vsurpe his kingdome but only that hée should permit him to inioye his Prouince of Quito which his Father had giuen vnto him after that hée had conquered it which Prouince was also out of the dominion of Cusco The Gouernour hearinge his sorrowfull complaint comforted him and bid him bée of good cheare sayinge moreouer that death was a thing natural and when the Countrey should bee quieted of all dissencions then hee would make informacion to know who they were which consented and procured his Brothers death and punish them accordingly When Atabaliba perceiued that the Gouernour tooke the matter so slightly hée then fully determined to execute the thing which hée had deuised and sente priuily to the Captaines who had the kéepinge of Guascar expresse commission to kill him which was forthwith committed with such speede that it was neuer certainly knowen whither hée was slayne in the time that Atabaliba made his fained mourninge or afterwarde of which euill successe the principall fault was laide to Captaine Soto and Pedro de Barrio who were so presise in their determined iorney to Cusco The Indians doth reporte than when Guascar saw that hée should die hee said I haue béene a small while Lord of this Land and lesse shalbe the traytour my Brother by whose commaundement I now must die beeing his naturall Prince the which his words were well remembred for when they saw Atabaliba slaine as in this nexte Chapter shalbe declared they called to remembrance his wordes and said verely that Guascar was a Prophet childe of the Sunne consideringe how his wordes came to passe hee also sayd that when his Father departed froÌ„ him hee warned him that wheÌ„ a white people bearded should come into that Countrey that hee should submit him selfe vnto them because said hee they shalbe Lords ouer this Countrey although this thy Fathers Prophesie seemed strange yet through the industry of the Diuel it might be knowen for so much it happenâ—d before Guaynacaua died The Lord Marques went conquering along the coast of Peru and also when he abode in Caxamalca hee sente his Brother Hernando Pisarro with certayne Horsemen to discouer the Countrey who proceeded till hee came to Pachacama which standeth in the Prouince of Guamacucho where hee met with a Brother of Atabaliba called Illescaes who brought more theÌ„ 300000 poyzes of Golde towarde the raunsome of his Brother beside a great quantitie of Plate who after hee had passed many daungerous wayes and perrilous Bridges was come to Pachacama hee there had intelligence how a Captaine of Atabaliba called Cilicuchima abode in the Prouince of Xauxa with a great Armie which might be about fortie leagues from that place vnto whoÌ„ he sent requiring him to come vnto him but the Indian Captayne denied his request wherupon Hernando Pisarro determined to goe talke with him although his men coÌ„mended not his enterprise to bee so bolde to put him selfe in his enemies power who was a man of great might but in fine when Pisarro had spoken with him and through his perswasioÌ„ the Indian Captaine discharged his men and went personally with him to Caxamalca to sée his Lord Atabaliba but when hée should enter into the place where hée was hee put of his Shooes and tooke vpon his shoulders the present which they were wont to present him withall and with sorrowfull countenance the teares droppinge from his eyes hée sayd O mighty Prince if I had been with you at the time of your apprehencion the Christians had now possessed your person Atabaliba answered that it was Gods iudgement that hee should be Prisoner and also to be taken with so smal a company of straungers But said hee the principall occasion was the flight of my Captaine Ruminagui with 5000. men in whom I put my onely trust How Atabaliba was slayne and the occasion was layde to his charge how he went about to murder the Christians and how Don Diego de Almagro came into Peru the second time Chap. 7. THe Lord Marques Piâ—arro Gouernour béeinge in the Prouince of Poâ—chos before hee came to Caxamalca as before is declared he receiued a priuye Letter without firme which afterward was knowen to come froÌ„ the Secretary of Don Diego de Almagro froÌ„ Panama wherin was giuen to vnderstand how Don Diego had builte a great Ship with the intent that with the same others he ment with al his power to passe personally into Peru to intercept the Gouernoure procéedinges and to place possesse the best soyle in all the Land to his vse which ground did lye beyonde the Limittes discouered by the Marques the which according to a prouision receiued from the Emperour did contayne from the Equinoctiall Lyne forward 250 Leagues directly North and South This Letter the Gouernour kept in secreat and would make none of his fréendes priuye therunto but yet hee beléeued and it was true that Don Diego de Almagro had taken shippinge accordinge to the tenour
whereupoÌ„ they gaue iudgement of death and executed the sentence But before his death he stil called for his frend Hernando Pisarro who was gone toward Spayne saying if he had beene here I should not so wrongfully be put to death And at the hower that he should die he was baptized by the Bishop How Ruminagui made insurrection in the Prouince of Quito and how the Gouernour went to Cusco Chap. 8. THe Captaine in whom Atabaliba had put in his life time a great trust as in the former Chapter is declared and how he fled from the battaile in Caxamalca with 5000. Indians He I say being in the Prouince of Quito gathered together al the Indians of Atabaliba and possessed himselfe of the estate of that Countrey compelling them to obay him as their right and only Lord. Atabaliba a litle before his death sent his brother Illescas to Quito to bring vnto him his children which Ruminagui most vnnaturally caused to be slayne When Atabaliba saw that of force hée should die hee earnestly desired certaine of his Captaines to see his body caried to the Prouince of Quito to be buried with his Father Guaynacaua the which requeste they faithfully performed and wheÌ„ the dead body was brought to Quito Ruminagui receiued it with great honour and buried him with his Father with great pompe and solemnitie accordinge to the custome of the Countrey and when the Funerals were ended he caused a great drunken Feast to be made in the which when the Captaines that had brought the dead body were throughly drunke hee commaunded them al to be slaine among whom was Illescas Brother to Atabaliba who had his skinne plucked of beinge aliue and with the same skin hee couered the endes of a Drum and his head hanging at the same Drumme In this meane while the Lord Marques Gouernour deuided all the Golde and Plate in Caxamalca and when he had so done he had aduice how one of Atabalibaes Captaines called Quixquix went vp anâ— downe in the countrey stirring the Indian People to insurrection whervpon he determined no longer to abide nor yet to tarry his coÌ„ming in the Valley of Xauxa hee also sent before him Captaine Sâ—to with certaine of his Horsemen and hee him selfe went in the Reregard In the Prouince of Viecasinga the Indians came sodainly vpon Captaine Soto in such sort that hée stoode in perrill of the ouerthrow foure of his men were slaine but the day beeing spent the night forced them to cease and to retire to the Mountaines The Gouernour hearing of this great daunger of Captaine Soto sent Don Diego de Almagro to suckcour him with certain Horsemen so that the next morning the Indians comming agayne to skirmish the Christians made as though they would fly to allure the enemies downe into the Playne out of the daunger of the high places from whence they did much hurt with their Slinges But the Indians suspectinge the pollicye of the Christians retired backe againe and kept their skirmishing neare the Wooddes not knowing of the succour which was come because of the great myst which did fall that morninge they could not discry their coÌ„ming by meane wherof the ChristiaÌ„s had the victory and slew many of the enemies Then came the Gouernour with the Reregard at whose comming came a brother of Guascar and Atabaliba who was chosen Inga or King of the Land by meane of their deathes hee had receiued the great Tassell which was as much as to saye as the Crowne of the Princely estate and was called Paulo Inga who certified the Gouernour how in the cittie of Cusco attended his coÌ„ming a great number of men of War with this newes hée letted not but procéeded forwarde by his ordinary Iorneyes vntill hee came in sight of the Cittie out of the which he saw assend a maruailous smoake by meane wherof hee iudged the Cittie to be on fier to the intent to preserue the same he sent with all spéede a company of Horsemen but they were no sooner comen neare the cittie when a great number of Indians came out to encounter with theÌ„ with slinges and sundry other sortes of weapons in such sort that the Spanyardes were glad with all haste possible to retire aboue the space of a longe League where they met with the Gouernour who vnderstandinge what had hapned sente from thence his two Bretherne Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro with the most of the Horsemen who set vpon the enemies on the Mountaine side with such courage that they caused them to retire and in their flight slue many of them vntill the night compelled them to cease The Gouernour séeinge the good successe gathered his army togeather and the next day thinkinge to haue had resistance in his entrye into the Cittie hee found not one man to withstande him so that hee and his companye entered peaceably where hee aboade at pleasure Twentie daies after his abode in Cusco came newes how Quixquix had a great Army wherwith he did great hurt robbing spoyling in the Prouince of Conde suyo wherupon the Gouernour sent Captaine Soto with 50. Horsemen to disturbe his procéedinges whose comming béeing knowen to Quixquix hee durst not abide but with all spéede fledde toward Xauxa thinkinge there to finde some small company of the Christians whom hée might easely subdue who were such as had remained behinde to kéepe the Fardage and the Kings portion of treasure which was at the charge of Alonso Requelme Treasorer But the Spanyards hauing aduise of his pretence although they were but fewe who in effecte attended in Xauxa for the purpose aforesaid did so valyantly defende his enterprise that his desire tooke no place but rather was forced to passe forwarde the highe waye towardes Quito When the Gouernour had intelligence of y e dealings of Quixquix hée sent after him againe Captaine Soto with his company of Horsemen and after him hée sente his Bretherne who generally followed him aboue a hundred Leagues and coulde not ouertake him wherupon they returned agayne to Cusco where they had as great a praye of Golde and Plate as before they had in Caxamalca the which the Gouernour deuided amonge his Souldiers and began to inhabite the Cittie which was the head and Princely seate of all the whole countrey of Peru and so continued a long space among the Christians hée also deuided the Indian People among the new Inhabitantes which there determined to abide for there were many of his men that were not willing to remaine there but rather to returne into Spayne to enioy the Treasure which they had gotten both in Cusco and Caxamalca How Captayne Benalcasar went to the Conquest of Quito Chap. 9. HEre before in this History hath béene declared howe at the time when the Gouernour came into Peru hee inhabited the Cittie of Sainct Mighel in the Prouince of Tangarara neare vnto y e port of Tumbez for the only intent that such as should come froÌ„ Spaine might haue a sure and safe Roade or harbor
had no vnderstanding But when Villaoma could not bring his purpose to effect at Charcas he came flying to Cusco And when Don Diego was entred into the Countrey of Chili Philip the Interpreter who was priuie to all the conspiracie fled likewise howbeit hee was taken by certaine Spanyardes that followed him and aswel for this treason as the other that he committed in Quito the Gouernour commaunded his body to be cut in quarters who at the time of his death confessed that hee was the only cause of the vniust death of Atabaliba only to haue his wife at his commaundement as before hath béene rehearsed And as Don Diego was occupied in the conquest of Chili a seruant of his named Iuan de Herrada ouertooke him he it was that his said master had left in the citie of the kings to gather more soldyars for his seruice in the discouery who brought vnto him a prouision which Hernando Pisarro had brought out of Spayne for him by vertue of the which the Emperour had made him Gouernour of one hundred Leagues of ground beyonde the borders and limits of the iurisdiction and gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro the which office and gouernmente was called in the letters patentes new Toledo for the Precincte of Don Francisco his Iurisdiction was named new Castile But now Don Diego iudging that the cittie of Cusco did fall within the compasse of his Regiment without any respect of his former othe which hee so solemnly had made hee determined to cease and leaue of the discouery which hee had in hand and to returne to take into his possession the Citie of Cusco Of the troubles which Don Diego de Almagro passed in his iorney toward Chili and of some other particularities of that countrey Chap. 2. GReate were the troubles which Don Diego and his company passed in the iorney toward Chili aswel with hunger and thirst as also with encounter of Indians which were mightie great men of groweth Also there were in some places excéeding good archers who were clothed in Zeale skinnes But the extreeme colde did much annoy them aswell the bitter sharpe aire as the frost and snow also the passage ouer the mountaines which were couered with snow where it hapned that a captaine called Ruydias who followed Don Diego de Almagro had many of his men and horses frozen to death for neither their apparrel nor armour could resist the excéeding sharpnes of the aire which did so vehemently penetrate and fréese them The extremitie of this cold was such that at the end of fiue moneths when Don Diego returned toward cusco he found some of his coÌ„pany which had followed outward frozen to death standing on their feete leaning vpon the Rockes and holding their horse bridels in their hands and their horses likewise frozen to death as fresh without corruption as though at that instant they had dyed The carcases of which horses was a great reliefe for his men at his said returne for want of other victualles and after they were past the extremitie of cold theÌ„ came they into such a wildernes without any kinde of habitation where they stoode in as great a néede of water to drinke so that their chiefe remedy was to carrye with them from the snowy hilles shéepes skinnes full of water in such sort that euery liue sheepe carryed on his backe the Skinne of an other dead Sheepe full of water Among diuerse properties which the Shéepe of Peru haue one is the strength of their ordinarye burden is halfe a hundred waight and many times thrée quarters of a hundred being laden vpon them as Cammels vse to carry their ladinge and are in makinge much like vnto Cammels sauing that they want the knop on the backe The Spanyardes hath now brought them â—o such purpose that they will carrye a man also in a rode Saddell foure or fiue leagues a day and when they feele theÌ„ selues weary they vse to lye downe and will not rise againe although they should bee beaten neuer so much or lifted vp with strength vpon their feete yet they will not goe one â—oote further except they bee vnladen And it happeneth often times that whan any rideth vpon them and they feelinge them selues weary they then lifte vp their heades and looketh vpon him that spurreth them and casteth out of their mouthes a thing of an exceeding euill sauor which is though to be of the foode which lieth in their stomackes They are beastes of great commoditie and their wooll is in euery respect as fine as silke especially one sorte or kinde of them called Palos their â—éedinge is very small chéefely such as labor whose ordinary meate is Maiz also they drinke very seldome that is to say once in foure or fiue daies the flesh of them is passing good and in euery respecte as good or rather better then the Sheepe in Castile of this kinde of flesh all the countrey is aboundantly prouided and in euery Citie and towne it is the principallest flesh in the Shambles although at the first comming thither of the Spanyardes they vsed no shambles for why euery one had cattayle of his owne and whan one Neighbour killed any sort of Beast his other neighbors might haue therof what they would require In certaine places of Chili were many Abstruses in the Plaines so that when they were disposed to hunte them the Spanyards would ride pâ—st after them very seldome could ouertake any although their flight was on their féete runninge and hoppinge and although their bodies were hugie and waighty yet with their leapes a good horse runninge neuer so swifte could very seldome out runne them There are also many running Riuers which runneth in the day season at night not a whit which is a thinge to be noted and especially among them that vnderstand not the reason therof which is that in the day time the sun melteth the snow and Ise of the mountaines so that the water that commeth from those high hilles in the day maketh great Riuers and at night all remaineth frozen againe But after we passe 500. leagues alâ—ng the coast come into 30. degrées on y e other side of the Equinoctial toward the Southward there is plenty of rayne and also al windes as ordinarily do blow as it doth in Spaine and other places Eastward All the countrey of Chili is inhabited and hath aswel plaine ground as mountaines and by reason of many crekes and bayes which are in the sea coast of this lande so that sayliâ—ge North and South requireth sundry windes Chili standeth in 40. degrees as is saide North and South from the Cittie of the Kinges till you passe to the saide 40. degrees in altitude the countrey is very temperate and hath Winter and Sommer in due season accordinge to the qualitie of Castile and their North Starre is in comparison like vnto ours sauinge alwayes hee is accompanied with a litle white clowde this starre according to Astronomers opinion is
called Pole Antartike and hath also not farre from him the crosse starres with other three more that followeth him in their order and moouinge so that there are seuen starres y t attendeth on that North star which differ not much from ours which the sayd Astronomers call Triton sauing that the fourth which are toward the South standeth crosse wise and are ioyned nearer togeather than ours our North star also is cleane out of sight within 200. leagues of Panama comming directly vnder y e Equinoctiall Line where at one instant is easely seen both those Tritons or north starres Artike Antartike although a great space from the Pole Antartike séemeth most playne the foure crosse starres by the moouinge wherof the Sea faringe men do kéepe their reckoninge whan they come to 30. degrees then all the other three starres serue for their purpose In this countrey of Chili the daye differeth from the night and the night from the day according to the course of the yeare as it doth in Spayne although not by the same times In the Lande of Peru and in the Prouince of Tierra firme and also in al other places there adioyninge to the Equinoctiall the day and night is equall throughout all the yeare and if at any time in the cittie of the Kinges the daye or night increase or diminishe it is so small a thing that it can not easely be decerned The Indians of Chili goe apparelled like vnto the Indians of Peru both men and wemen are of a good iesture and féede ordinarily of such meates as those of Peru. Beyond Chili 38. degrées from the Line are two greate men of power which maintaine alwayes war the one against the other and eche of them is of power to bringe into the Féelde 200000 men of war the one was named Leuchengorma which is Lord of an Iland which standeth two leagues from the firme land dedicated to his Idols in which Iland standeth a great Temple wherunto appertained 2000 Preestes The Indians of this Leuchengorma informed the Spanyardes that 50. leagues beyond that place between two Riuers was a great Prouince all inhabited with wemen which consente not to haue any sorte of men among them except a certaine time conuenient for generacion and then if any happen to bee with a childe and bring forth men children they are after certaine yeares sent to their fathers and the daughters which they likewise beare remaineth with them these wemen also are in subiection to Leuchengorma The Quéene of these wemen is called Guayboymilla which in their language is as much to say as Heauen of Golde because the reporte was that great quantitie of gold groweth there therof they make exceeding ritch cloth of all their coÌ„modities they paye tribute to Leuchengorma And although oftentimes y e Spanyards hath had notice of this countrey yet they neuer tooke y e discouery in hande because Don Diego would not abide to inhabit in y e coast also sithence that time Pedro de Valdiuia was sent to inhabit y e couÌ„trey who could not bring his desire of furniture to passe coÌ„uenient for y e voiage although he hath inhabited 33. degrées beyoÌ„d the Equinoctial Southward also perfect knowledge of habitacion was knowen to bee vnto 40. degrées alonge that coast especiallye one shippe which Don Gabriell de Carauajall Bishop of Plazensia sent in discouery which had passed through the Strayght of Magalanes who from the said straite came sayling along that coast Norward vntil he arriued at the port of the city of y e kings and before the coÌ„minge of this ship there was no memory of Rats found in all Peru so that it seemeth that y e first broode of Rats came out of that ship sithens that time al the citties in Peru are replenished with aboundance it is thought that among chests and fardels of marchandize they were carried from place to place wherupon the Indians do name them Ococha which is to say a verminâ— comen out of the sea Of the returne of Hernando Pisarro into Peru and of the dispatch which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians Cap. 3. AFter that Don Diego de Almagro was departed from Cusco Hernando Pisarro came froÌ„ Spayne hauing receiued at y e Emperors hand greate fauoure who also made him knight of the order of S. Iames He also brought for his brother Don Francisco prorogation for certain leagues of ground in his gouernment And also the prouisioÌ„ which hath béene spoken of for the gouermeÌ„t of Don Diego de Almagro At this instant Mango Inga Lord of Peru was prisoner in Cusco for the conspiracie which he had wrought against the Christians with his brother Paulo Inga and Villaoma Almagro wrote vnto Iohn Pisarro requesâ—ing him to set theÌ„ at libertie because he was loth that Hernando Pisarro should finde them prisoners at his comming to Cusco at which time Iohn Pisarro was in the conquest of Collao and at the sight of his letter they were discharged out of pryson When Hernando Pisarro was come to Cusco he became a singular good freend to Inga and vsed hym verie curteously notwithstandyng he had alwaies regarde to attende vnto hym It was thought that this freendship was to the intent to craue some golde of hym for his Maiestie or els for hym self So that after twoo monethes that he was come to Cusco Inga besought hym to graunt vnto hym leaue to goe vnto Yncaya to celebrate a certaine feast and in consideration of his courtesie he promised to bryng vnto hym an Image of golde whiche was made in remembraunce of his Father Guaynacaua bothe in proportion and likenesse the coueteous desire of gold caused Hernando Pisarro to grauÌ„t his request And when he was comen to Yncaya he put in vre the conspiracie whiche he had pretended since the tyme that D. Diego de Almagro departed from Chili so findyng hym self at the place where he required to bee He began to murder certaine Miners that wrought in the gold Mines and other housdand men whiche were in the fieldes he also sent one of his Captaines with a greate nomber of his people to take the Fortresse of Cusco the whiche his commaundement was doen accordyngly so that in sixe daies the Spanyards could scarcely winne the Fortresse againe and at the winnyng thereof Ihon Pisarro was slaine in the night season with a stone whiche strake hym on the heade so that by the meane of an other wound whiche he had on his head he could not suffer his head peece his death was bewailed throughout the lande And certainly the losse of his persone was greate because he was a valliant manne and well experimented in the warres of that countrey and singularly beloued of all men When Inga had intelligence of the death of Ihon Pisarro he came with all his power vpon the citie besieged it for the space of eight Monethes and more and at euery full Moone he assaulted the Citie
be in securitie Hernando Pisarro caused that night all the Citezens and menne of warre to take their reste in their houses because thei were greatly wearied with watchyng and wearyng their armour daies and nightes without takyng any rest at all When Don Diego had aduise of the Citezens reste and securitie and the night beyng verie darke especially through a darke Cloude whiche at that instaunt couered the Citie he forthwith assaulted the Citie But when Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro heard the noise thei made greate haste in arming them selues and their house beeyng the first that was assaulted thei like valliant gentlemen defended them selues vntill thei had set fire on euery side of the house wherevpon thei yelded and were in this order taken prisoners The next daie followyng Don Diego compelled the couÌ„saill of the Citie to receiue hym for their cheef ruler and Gouernour and also commaunded Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro to be put in Irons yea and many of his councellers wished hym to put them to death the whiche councell he refused considering the noble courage and minde whiche thei shewed in the defence of their house so that thei were put in the custodie of Diego de Aluarado Also it was credibly thought that certaine Indians were the occasion that Don Diego did breake the truse that was made and also some Spanyardes who brought newes vnto hym that Hernando Pisarro had commaunded to breake donne the bridges and the Fortresse in the Citie whiche newes seemed to bee the verie originall cause For when Don Diego entered into the Citie he spake these woordes with a loude voyce Oh how haue ye deceiued me with your deceiptfull newes for here I finde bothe bridges and euery thyng whole and sounde Of all these proceadinges the Gouernor Pisarro knewe nothing nor many daies after the takyng of the citie and imprisonment of his brethren Don Diego de Almagro made Paulo brother to Atabaliba kyng gaue vnto him the Cassal of the Empire the which newes being knowne to his brether Mango Inga he fledde with a greate nomber of his people into certaine asperous Mountaines called Andes How the Indians slue many that the Gouernor sent to succour his brethren in Cusco Chap. 5. EMong other thynges whiche the Gouernour Don Francisco Pisarro sent to craue of the Emperour he besought his Maiestie in remuneration of his seruice doen in the conquest of Peru to graunt hm 20000. Indians perpetually to hym his discendentes in a Prouince called Atambillos with their Rentes Tributes and Iurisdiction with title of Lorde Marques of that place and people The Emperour aunswered that as touchyng the Indian people he would take aduisement and also of the qualitie of the Countrey and what profite or damage thereof might growe and that in consideration of his seruice he would so gratifie hym as lawfully with reason he should thinke conuenient so that at his request the title of Lorde Marques was graunted and the Emperor commaunded that from thence forthe he should be sâ— called And therefore hereafter in the prosecution of this Historie we will call hym by the name of Lorde Marques The Lorde Marques hauyng vnderstandyng of the rebellion of the Indians and not thinkyng the matter would haue come to suche extremitie he began to sende succour of men to his brother Hernando Pisarro to Cusco by little and little as he could gette them by tenne aâ—d fiftene at a tyme. The Indians also hearyng of this weake succour appointed many men of warre to attende their commyng at euery dangerous passage that was in their waie so that as many as the Lorde Marques sent in this order were as fast murdered by those Indians whiche thyng would not so haue fallen out if he had sent them all together And as he went to visite the cities of Trugillio and sainct Mighell he determined to sende one Diego Pisarro with 70. horsemen to the succour of his brethren al the whiche the Indians sâ—ue at a straight passage whiche of force thei should goe and at this daie is called the hill of Parcos whiche standeth fiftie leagues from Cusco and the like happened to the Marques his brother in Lawe called Gonsalo de Tapia who he sent afterward with 80. horsemen thei also put to the worse Captaine Morgoujo and Captaine Gaete with their coÌ„panies yea fewe or none of them escaped so that those which alwaies followed last could haue no knowledge of the successe of those which went before And an other policie the Indians also vsed which was thei would let them passe till thei came into a Ualley betweene twoo Hilles and then would thei enuiron them bothe before and behinde and from the high places came the stones as thicke as Haile beeyng throwne with slynges in suche sorte that thei slue many of them before thei could come to hande strokes So that thei slue aboue 300. horsemen and tooke from them greate quaÌ„titie of Iewells Armour and apparell of silke Now the Marques hauyng no aunswere from none of those succours he sent Francisco Godoy borne in Caceres with 45. horsemen who by chaunce mette with onely twoo men whiche had serued vnder Capitaine Gaete and escaped from the tyranny of the Indians so that by them he had intelligence of all that had passed wherevpon he returned with all speede although he was almoste taken in the snare of his fellowes and was followed by the Indians aboue twentie leagues and daiely by them encountered before and in the reregarde So that he was forced to trauaile in the night seaâ—on for feare of the multitude of enemies And wheÌ„ he was come to the Citie of Kynges whither also was comen Captaine Diego de Aguero with certaine men that hâ—d escaped the Indians rage The Marques had vnderstandyng how a greate nomber of the Indian enemies followed Captaine Aguero wherevpon he sent Pedro de Lerma with 70. horsemen and many Indians his freendes to encounter with the Souldiars of Inga with whom thei fought almoste a whole daie vntill the enemies were forced to take a high Rocke for their holde and sauegarde Wherevnto the Spanyardes laied siege on euery side the same daie captaine Lerma had his teeth broken with the stripe of a stone and also nine of his men were wounded and one horseman slaine But the Christians draue them into so greate an extremitie that if the Marques had not commaunded them to retire thei would that daie haue ended the warres because the Indians were in extreame miserie shutt vp in their fort and no waie to helpe them selues So that the Spanyardes also seeyng theim selues free from the tyrannie of their enemies thei gaue vnto God mooste hartie thankes and thâ—s doen thei remoued their Campe vnto an high hille that standeth not farre from the Citie of the Kynges daiely skirmishyng with the enemies The cheefe Captaine of the Indians was called Tysoyopangui and the brother of Inga which the Marques sent with Captaine Gaete in these warres whiche the Indians attempted nere the
to the woordes of Don Diego wherevpoÌ„ he with the whole armie came after them and secretly lodged his men neare vnto the saied Towne commaunding Captaine Castro to laie him self in ambushe in a certain Cane fielde with 40. Hargubusiers whiche was in the high waie that Don Diego should passe to the entent that if DoÌ„ Diego should bring with him a greater nomber of men then was agreed vpon that then thei should discharge their peeces against them by whiche token he would also be readie with his companie ¶ How the two Gouernors mette and how Hernando Pisarro was set at libertie Chap 9. WHen Don Diego departed from Chinicha to go to the Towne of Mala with his 12. Horsemen he left order with Rodrigo Orgonios who was his generall that he should be in a readinesse that if the Marques did happen to bring moe men then was agreed vpon that then he to repaire with his armie and that he should vse Hernando Pisarro according as he should see how the dealing fell out at their meeting When these two Gentlemen met thei embrased the one the other very louingly and after many wordes and muche talke had betwixt them without any speech of the principall matter a gentleman appartaining to the Marques came to DoÌ„ Diego and tolde hym in his eare saiyng My Lord get you hence with all speede possible for it importeth you so to doe and I as your frende and seruitor doe so aduise you This warnyng he gaue vnto hym because he vnderstoode of the commyng of Gonsalo Pisarro Don Diego geuyng credite to his frendes worde called in haste for his horse when certaine of the Marques Gentilmen perceiued that he would departe thei perswaded their Lorde to apprehende hym consideryng he might easely doe it with the Hargubuzers which Nunjo de Castro had in ambush But the Marques would in no wise consent thereunto because he had giuen his worde to the contrarie nor yet would not beleeue that Don Diego would returne with out some order takyng betweene them And when Don Diego in the waie as he returned espied the ambushe then he gaue credite to the aduise whiche was giuen hym and when he was come to his Campe he complained of the Marques saiyng that his meaning was to haue taken him Prisoner and by no meanes the Marques could not otherwise perswade hym Yet notwithstandyng by intercession of Diego de Aluarado Don Diego de Almagro released Hernando Pisarro vpon certaine promises made betwene them among the whiche one was that the Marques should graunt vnto him a Ship and safe harber to sende for dispatches which were come from Spaine for hym and also vntill the Emperâ—ur had taken order in their discention the one should not deale with the other 〈◊〉 Rodrigo Orgonios did withstande and speake against the libertie of Hernando Pisarro because he knewe of vncurteous dealyng whiche was vsed against hym in the tyme of his imprisonment in Cusco Iudgyng that when he should inioye his libertie he would reuenge those iniuries receiued so that alwaies his counsell was that his head should bee taken from his shoulders But yet the opinion of Diego de Aluarado was of greater efficacie hopyng in the agreement that was taken WheÌ„ Hernando Pisarro was clearely released Don Diego sent hym to the Marques his brother accompanied with his sonne and other Gentlemen he was no soner gone when Don Diego repented hym of that whiche he had doen yea and it is thought that he would haue apprehended hym againe if he had not made greate haste on his waie euen vntill he met with many of the principall Gentlemen whiche serued the Marques who were come to receiue hym ¶ How the Marques proceeded against Don Diego and how he returned towarde Cusco Chap. 10. WHen the agreement was made betwéene Hernando Pisarro and Don Diego the Marques had receiued newâ— prouisions from the Emperor whiche Pedro Aâ—sureâ— had brought wherein was conteined that eache of the â—ouernors shouâ—d possâ—sse and inioâ—e the lande which â—ache of 〈◊〉 had discoueâ—â—d inhabited and conquered at the tyme of the notifiyng of his Maiesties prouicion although it were with in the limittes of the others gouernation vntill his Maiestie should prouide in y e principall cause what iustice should require So that when the Marques had receiued this order aftâ—r that his brother Hernâ—ndo Pisarro was set at libertie he sent to require Don Diego that he should depart out of that Countrey and Townes whiche he had bothe discouered and inhabited accordyng to the Emperors commaundement Don Diego aunswered that he was readie to obaie the prouision the contentâ— thereof whiche was that eache of them should abide in the possession which thei were in at the tyme when his Maiesties prouision should bee notified vnto them or either of them So that in like forme DoÌ„ Diego required the Marques to obaie and obserue the same anâ— to suffer hym quietly to inioye his possessioâ— without warre or contention with protestation to obaie any other determination or order that his Maiestie hereafter should take in their discorde dependyng The Marques replied that he first discouered conquered and inhabited all the Tounâ—s Cities and Countrey of Cusco and that by his wrong meanes and force he was now dispossessed of proper right Therefore once againe he required hym to leaue his former possession vnto hym accordyng to the plaine meanyng of his Maiesties commaundement for otherwise he would compell him to auoide willyng him also to consider that the tyme of truce taken betweene them was now expired When the Marques sawe that Don Diego would not conforme hym self with the Emperors coÌ„maundement but rather scan the plaine wordes of the prouision to his own will he proceeded to giue hym battaile with all his power and Don Diego retired as fast towarde Cusco makyng hym strong in a high Mountaine called Guaycara whiche laie in the waie as he weÌ„t workyng all the poâ—licie aâ—d mischiefe whiche he could deuise to spoyle the high waie for to hinder and disturbe the Marquâ—s passnge But Hernando Pisarro with a companie of men followed hym at the heâ—les and on a night by a secrete waie he assended inâ—o the Mountaine and with his Hargubuzeiâ—s he â—â—tercepted his waie so that Don Diego was forced to â—lâ—e and findyng him self some what euill at ease he made the more hast leauyng in his Reregard Rodrigo Orgonios who in good order coâ—tinued the retire and also hauyng vnderstandyng by two of the Marques companie whom he had taken prisoners how the Marques followed with al hast possible he also made the greater haste on his waie although some of his Souldiars gaue him counsell to abide to encounter with hym saiyng that all those which ascended the Mountaine were the first daies as men that wer sea sicke But this opinioÌ„ Rodrigo Orgonios liked not because the gouernor Don Diego had giuen him a contrary commission Yet the Souldiers iudgement was helde among men of experience for the best waie and
in all his iorney either gold or plate and ceased not till he came out into the Northern sea being 325. leagues distant from the Iland of cubagua This Riuer is called Maranion because the Captaine which discouered this nauigation was called Maranion The beginning or headspring of this Riuer commeth from Peru out of the side of y e mountaines of Quito It runneth by direct course accounting by the rule of altitude of the sun 700. Leagues and with the crookednes and compasse which the same Riuer maketh in many places from his origen vntill it commeth into the mayne Sea containeth .1800 leagues and the mouth of the same riuer is fiftéene leagues brode and further inward it waxeth thrée yea and foure leagues broder When Orellana was commen out of the Riuer of Maranion he tooke his way toward Castile where he enformed his Maiestie of his discouerie and also how he had finished the same at his owne cost and charge And more ouer in his said discouerie was a countrey excéedinge ritche in the which liued none but Wemen which coūtrey cōmonly was called the conquest of the Amazones Beseeching his maiestie to graunt vnto him the gouernment discouery of y e said country the which his request accordingly was graunted vnto him Whervpon he gathered together the number of fiue hundred men among whiche were many Gentlemen and men of greate credit with whom hee tooke shippynge in Sainct Lucar de Barrameda and after he was commen to the Altitude of the Canaria Ilandes the winde was contrarie for his Nauigation and also driuen to want of victuales whervpon the Fleete was seperated one shippe cleane without sight of the other and he himself died on the way in sutche sorte that his companie were scattered amonge the Ilandes Of all the whiche his proceedynges Gonsalo Pisarro made great complaynt principally for so trecherous a parte as was to leaue him in suche necessitie and want of victuall and likewise without any succour or helpe to passe his armie ouer the Riuers And also because hee had deceaued him of a great summe of Golde Plate and Emraldes which was aboorde of his Uergantine with the whiche he had sufficient to finish bothe shippyng and all other furniture necessarie for the discouerie whiche the Emperour had graunted vnto him through his deceitfull practise How Gonsalo Pisarro returned to Quito and of the great paines and miseries which he passed in the returne Chapter 5. WHen Gonsalo Pisarro was come to the place where he commanded Orellana to leaue the Canoas for his commynge for to passe certaine Riuers By meane whereof he was driuen to greate extremitie and forced to make Kaffes and Canoas for that purpose And when he was come to the méeting of the two Riuers where he appoynted Orellana to attende his commyng and finding him not yet there he had vnderstandyng of a Spaniard which Orellana had left on shore behinde him because he stood against his pretended voyage and Orellana also intending to take this new discouery in hand in his owne name not as Liuetenant to Gonsalo Pisarro whervpon he desisted frō thaucthorie receiued of Pisarro compelled his company to elect him for their captain general Now Gonsalo Pisarro beyng left succourlesse voyde of help for his Nauigation the only way to prouide sustenance for his armie yet he found somwhat amonge the Indians for barter of small bels glasses notwithstandyng his gréefe and heauinesse was not small whervpon he determined to returne backe agayne to Quito from whence he had trauailed more then .400 leagues of most euill way among Monntaynes and country vnhabited the which when he had discouered hee wondered at his owne trauayles which he had passed escaped the cruel death of hunger in y e wildernes of Mountaynes wher 40 of his mē ended their daies without any hope of succour but euen as they axed for meate lening to trees they fel downe dead with very hunger But now cōmitting him self to God hée returned by another way leauing y e way y t he came which was not only troublesome to passe but also voyde of al kinde of sustenance so at al aduentures sought another way which was as euill rather worse then the way which they had comen in the which they had much to do to sustaine life although they killed their horses which were left and greyhounds with other sort of dogs to eate the extremitie of hunger was such that a cat or a hen was worth fiftie poyzes which is starling neare twenty pound one of those poysoned foules called Alcatrax was worth ten poyzes In this manner Gonsalo Pisarro continued on his way toward Quito where as longe before hee gaue aduice of his returne wherupon the Cittizens of Quito prouided great aboundance of hogs shéepe came out of the citie to meete him on his way they caryed also with thē some horses apparrel for Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines the which succor came vnto him being 50. leagues from Quito who cōming vnto him with such prouisiō God he knoweth how ioyfully it was accepted but chéefely the victuals Gonsalo Pisarro his company were almost naked for longe sithence with the great waters of rayne otherwise their clothes were rottē from their bodies so that now each of them had but only two small Deare skins which couered their fore parts and also their hinder partes some had lefte olde rotten bréeches shooes made of raw deare skins their swords wanted scabards and were spoyled with rust they came all on foote their armes and legs were scratched with shrubs and bryers their iestures séemed like vnto dead men so that scarcely their freends olde acquaintance knew them In which painefull Iorney in more then 200. leagues they could finde no salte which they found to bee a great want vnto them But when they were come into the countrey of Quito and had receaued that freendly succour they fel on their knées and kissed the ground yéeldinge vnto God most humble and harty thankes who had deliuered them from so many perrils and daungers Their excéeding hunger was so great that they began to feede like raueninge woolfes so that it was thought conuenient for their health to taxe their meat with moderate diet vntil by litle and litle their stomackes were comforted and strengthned for disgesture When Gonsalo Pisarro saw that the horses and apparrell which was brought would but only furnish him and his Captaines neither hée nor they would not take any parte thereof nor yet chaunge their olde ragges which they had on their backes to obserue the rule of equitie like good souldiers so that in this forme and attire hée with his company entred into the city of Quito in a morninge and wente directly to the Temple to render vnto God most humble laude and praise who of his infinite goodnes had deliuered them out of so manye perrils and daungers and after their prayses giuen eache
dispatched backe againe with this aunswere the Estate of the Cittie calling to remembraunce howe Gomer de Tordoya who was one of the chéefest of Councell of the Cittie was at that instaunt recreating him selfe abroade in the Countrey They agréede to send aduertisement vnto him of all the procéedinges of Don Diego but it so happened that theyr Messenger mette him comming towarde the Cittie and when they had enfourmed him of theyr Message he hauing a Merlin Hawke vpon his fyst wrested the head from the body saying from henceforwarde it is more conuenient to exercise Feates of Warre then to goe a Hawking And comming towarde the Citie he entred in the night season where secretly he dealt with the Estate of the Citie in Councell what was most necessarie to be done and then he departed agayne to the place where Captayne Castro was with whome he concluded to sende a Messenger to Pedro Asueres Lieutenaunt of Charcas to wyll him to ryse on the behalfe of his Maiestie and then the sayde Gomer de Tordoya with all his power went after Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was gone with a hundred men to encounter with certayne Indians and with good happe he ouertooke him at which méeting he certified him of the newes at Cusco beséeching him to accept the charge of so iuste and honourable an Enterpryse as to be theyr generall and chéefe Ruler ouer theyr Hoste in consideration whereof he also offered to be his Soldiour and the first man that should obey him Upon which request Pedro Aluares accepted the charge incontinent spread his Ensigne in the behalfe of his Maiestie And this being done they conuocated the inhabitauntes of the Cittie of Arequipa with whome they went to Cusco where at theyr comming they found many congregated on the behalfe of Don Diego who foorthwith fled towardes him to the number of fiftie personnes After whome followed Captayne Castro and Hernando de Bachiaco with certayne Hargabusiers who ouertooke them in the night season and apprehended them with whome they returned to Cusco The Councell of Cusco hearing of this good successe came and ioyfully receyued him and with conformitie of all the Captaynes bothe swore and chose Pedro Aluares Holguin for Captayne and chéefe Iudge of all the dominions of Peru vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should otherwyse prouide whereupon warre was proclaymed against Don Diego and his retinew The Cittizens also of Cusco bound themselues to paie all such summes of money which he should spend of the Kings Treasure among his Soldiours if that his Maiestie should not thinke well or accept the same in iust and lawfull accoumpt And for the furnishing of these procéedinges all the Cittizens of Charcas Arequipa and Cusco offered theyr goodes and personnes so that in shorte space there ioyned together aboue .350 men of whome were .150 Horsemen a hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred Pykemen But notwithstanding Pedro Aluares hauing intelligence howe Don Diego had eyght hundred men and more in his Campe he therefore durst not abyde his comming in the Cittie of Cusco but rather chose to passe with his power into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado who lykewise was rysen on the behalfe of his Maiestie and also expecting there to méete with the fréendes and Seruitors of the Marquesse which were hydden in those Desartes So that he procéeded with his company in good order meaning that if Don Diego should happen to méete him on his way to giue him battayle And when he departed from Cusco he lest for the defence of the Cittie as many men as was thought sufficient for that purpose he appoynted Gomez de Tordoya for Campe maister and Garcilaso Delauega and Pedro Asuerez for Captaynes of the Horsemen and the charge of the Infauterie or Footemen he commended to Captaine Castro and the Offices of Alerez of the Standard royall he committed to Martine de Rolles How Don Diego went to seeke Pedro Aluarez and finding him not he passed to Cusco Chap. 12. DOn Diego hauing vnderstanding of the procéedinges in Cusco and how Pedro Aluarez was departed out of the Cittie with all the power that he might make wherupon he iudged that he was gone into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado so that he determyned to méete him on the way and to stoppe his passage the which his pretence he could not bring to passe with such expedition as he desired for staying for Garcia de Aluarado whome he had sent for by Poste at whose cōming they left procéeding after Alonso de Aluarado and at the tyme when they came to the Cittie of Trugillio he was mynded againe to disturbe his passage had not the Towne of Leuanto which standeth in Chachapoyas perswaded him to the contrarie When Garcia de Aluarado was come to the Citie of the Kinges Don Diego foorthwith tooke his iourney against Pedro Aluarez with thrée hundred Horsemen one hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred and fiftie Pikemen But before his departure he banished out of the Coūtrey the Lord Marquesse children and beheaded Antonio Picado after that he had extreamely racked him and put him to sundry tormentes onely that he should confesse where the Lord Marquesse Treasure lay This done he procéeded on his iorney but before he had passed two leagues from thence came secretly certayne prouisions from the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro which were sent from the coūtrey of Cuito directed to father Thomas de Saint Martine Francisco de Barrio Nueuo giuing vnto them thereby authoritie to deale in the gouernment of the Countrey vntyll that he him selfe might come thether Wherupon the Estate and Councell of the Cittie had secrete conference obaying the prouicions which were at that instant orderly presented and admitted the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro for Gouernor and Geronimo de Aliaga for his Lieutenaunt because he was so appointed by lyke prouisions After the doing of these things the Aldermen fled to the Cittie of Trugillio and many other Cittizens in theyr company these things were not so secretly done but the same night Don Diego had vnderstanding of all at large whereupon he was minded to returne to sacke the Cittie but fearing least Pedro Aluarez should escape him he durst not retyre and likewise because his Soldiours should not come to the knowledge how there was a new gouernour in the land So that for these causes he procéeded forwarde yet notwithstanding when newes was knowen in Don Diego his Campe many of his Soldiours fled from him especially Father Thomas de Saint Martine Diego de Alguero Iuan de Sayauedra Gomez de Aluarado and the Factor Yllansucarez de Carauaiall in this iourney happened to fall sick Iuan de Herrada of a certaine infirmitie wherof he died By meane wherof Don Diego was forced to stay his iorney in the meane while Pedro Aluarez passed by into y e valley of Xauxa where Don Diego thought to haue abode his comming yet at the length he followed him so that they were not farre a sunder
to doo consideringe y â— great number of Indians which daily came to serue in those workes wherby victualles grew to such a dearth that a bushell of Maiz came to be worth twentie castlins of Gold and a bushell of Wheate as much and a Sacke of the earbes called Coca was worth .30 poyzes yea and afterward it came to bee derer yet through the great treasure which there was founde all the other Mines were left vnhabited and especially the Mines of Porco where Hernando Pisarro had a great porcion of ground out of the whiche hee gathered great riches The Mines also which gathered gold in Cambaya other riuers left their workes came to Potosi because they fouÌ„d there greater profit without coÌ„parison They which vnderstand in these workes holde opinion that by manifest tokens these Mines are of perpetuitie With this good successe Captayne Carauajal began to gather great summes of treasure in such sorte y t he tooke possession of al the Indians and Anaconas of such Spaniards as were slayne or fled or had been agaynst him in his former warre so that in short time he obtained into his power the sum of seuen hundred thousand poyzes and would not ther of ayde his soldiours with any thing who had folowed him in al his warres whervpon they began to murmur among them selues and were minded to kill him The chief of this mutiny were Luis pardomo Alonso de Camargo Diego de Balmazeda Diego de Luxan there were nere 30. persons which determined to execute the sayd pretence within one month after Carauajal was come to the town of Plata But through a mischance which hapned they deferred the matter til another day This practise was not so secretly wrought but that Carauajal came to knowledge therof whervpoÌ„ he commanded Luis Pardomo Camargo Orbanejâ—â— Balmasedaâ— and other .10 or 12. persons of the principallest to be quartered and others banished so y t with the execution of sutch cruell Iustices in causes of Mutynies the people were so feared that they neuer durst at any time after to deale in the like practises FINIS The Table of the Chapters contayned in this present Booke OF the notice had of Peru how the discouery was begun ca. 1. fo 1 How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Ile of Gorgona and how with a small companye of men hee sayled beyond the Equinoctiall Lyne cap. 2. fo 2 How Don Francisco Pisarro came into Spayne to giue knowledge of his trauaile discouery of Peru to the Emperor his Maiestie ca. 3 fo 4 Of the people which inhabite vnder the Equinoctiall Lyne and other notable thinges which there are found cap. 4. fo 4. Of the vaynes of Pitche which are found at the Cape called Destahelenâ— of the Gyants which somtime dwelt in those parts ca. 5. fo 5 Of the people and thingâ—s which are beyonde the Equinoctiall Lyne toward the South alonge the Sea coaste ca. 6. fo 7. Of the ordenary winde which bloweth in the Playnes and the reason of the drynes of that soyle cap. 7. fo 9. Of the qualitie of the Mountaynes of Peru and the habitacion of Indians and Christians cap. 8. fo 11. Of y e cities of Christians which are in the mouÌ„taines of Peru. ca. 9 fo 13 Of y e opinion which y e Indians held touching their creacioÌ„ ca. 10 fo 16 Of the rites sacrifice which the Indians vsed in Peru. cap. 11. fo id What the Indians opinion is touchinge the resurrection of the body ca 12. fo 17 Of the Origen of the Kings of Peru which were called Ingas ca. 13 fo id Of the notable things which Guaynacaua built in Peru cap. 14 fo 19 Of the estate of the Warres in Peru at the time of the Spanyardes comming into that Countrey cap. 15. fo 22 The second Booke OF the Conquest atchiued by Don Francisco Pisarro and his men in the Prouince of Peru cap. 1 fo 25 Of thinges which happened to the Gouernour in the Iland of Puna and the conquest therof cap. 2. fo 26 How the Gouernour went to Tumbez and of the conquest which hee there obtayned vntill hee inhabited the citie of S. Mighell ca. 3. fo id How the gouernor went to Caxamalca what there hapned ca. 4 fo 28 How y e battaile was fought w t Atabaliba he taken prisoner ca. 5 fo 29 How Atabaliba commaunded his Brother Guascar to be slayne and how Hernando Pisarro discouered in the countrey cap. 6 fo 31 How Atabaliba was put to death vpon surmise that hee would haue slaine the Christians and how Don Diego de Almagro went into Peru the seconde Iorney cap. 7 fo 34 How Ruminagui Captayne to Atabaliba rebelled made insurrecâ—ion in the land of Qâ—ito how the gouernor passed to Cusco ca. 8 fo 3â— How Captaine Benalcasar went to the conquest of Quito cap. 9 fo 38 How Pedro de Aluarado came to Peru â— what hapned vnto him ca. 10 fâ— 39 How Don Diego de Almagro met with Don pedro de Aluarado and what followed cap. 11 fo 41 How Don Diego de Almagro and Don pedro de Aluarado met with Captayne Quixquix and what passeâ— betweene them cap. 12 fo 42 How the Gouernour payde to Don pedro the 100000 poyzes accordinge to agreemente and how Don Diego would intrude into the gouernment of Cusco cap. 13 fo 44 The thirde Booke HOw Don Diego de Almagro toke his iorney toward Chili ca 1 fo 45 Of the paines troubles that Don Diego and his army passed in y e way toward Chili of certain particularities of y e couÌ„trey ca 2 fo 4â— Of the returne of Hernando pisarro into Peru of the prouisiâ—ns which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians cap. 3 fo 48 How Don Diego de Almagro beseeged Cusco and tooke Hernando pisarro prisoner cap. 4 fo 49 How the Indians slew many succours which the Gouernour sente to ayde his Brother in Cusco cap. 5 fo 51 How the Marques sent to demaund helpe into diuerse partes how Captayne Alonso de Aluarado came to ayde him cap 6 fo 52 How the Marques went to Cusco to succour his Brother and by the way as hee wente hearinge of the victory of Alonso de Aluarado hee returned to the Cittie of the Kinges cap. 7 fo 54 How the Marques gathered a new Army and how Alonso de Aluarado and Gonsalo Pisarro brake out of Prison cap. 8 foâ— 55 How both the Gouernors met and how Hernando Pisarro was set at lybertie cap. 9 fo 56 How y e Marques proceeded against Don Diego and how hee retyred to Cusco cap 10 Eodem How Hernando Pisarro wente towarde Cusco with his Armye and the Battayle of Salinas cap. 11. fo 57 What happened after the Battayle of Salinas was fought and how Hernando Pisarro returned into Spayne cap. 12 fo 59 What hapned to captain Valdiuia in his voiage toward chili ca. 13 f. 6â— The fourth Booke HOw Gonsalo Pisarro