no mentyon of the greatnes of the other nor of the nomber of the people that they caryed which is to declare that the greatest caryed but one houndred and twentye men and the lesse fyfty And also it appereth that all they whiche were in the shyppes of Philoctete were both warryers and maronners by that he sayth that they were all men of warre aswell the maronners as the other as he sayth And also it is to beleue in so muche that the Kynges and Dukes of the countrey passed the sea wyth theyr puyssance and apparaylle for the sea that there taryed not many people in the countrey And also they had not than shyypes couered and stronge as men haue nowe a dayes But they were onely small slight shyppes mete for to robbe vpon the sea And therfor takyng theÌ„ for meane betwene the greatest and leaste he coulde not haue so great nomber of people in them that men myght saye that they had bene sente by the common assemblye of all Grece And that chaunsed more for faulte of moneye thanne for â—aulte of people For they myght not cary but so manye people as they thought to be hable to nourysh duryng the warre Nowe is it very certayne that after they were arryued they were the stronger For elles they of Troye woulde not haue permitted them to close theyr camp vnto the walles And also they ayded not them selues durynge the siege wyth all the people that they had brought out But for faulte of vyctuayles they were constrained to sende one parte to laboure the countreye of Cheronese and one other parte to robbe and â—yllage by sea So that beyng so dyspersed they susteygned warre agaynst the TroyaÌ„s the space of tenne yeares aswell in defendynge as in assayllynge for that that they were indiffereÌ„t and egall in force by meanes of the absence of the people which the same Grekes had sente oute to laboure and for pyllage but yf they had bad prouision of victuailes so that withoute goinge to laboure and pillage they might haue taryed altogithere certaynely they might haue taken the cytie and haue destroyed it as they dyd after wtin muche lesse tyme but they had inough to do for a tyme to defende theÌ„selues So than it must conclude that the warres and armyes whyche haue beâ—ore thys of Troye were very smalle for lacke of monney and that the selfe same whyche is most celebrated and most renommed was muche lesse than poetes haue writtonne And furthermore it is manyfest that the Grekes after that warre were oft tymes chased from thair countrey and constrayned to go to dwelle in other countreys so that they had not so muche reste that they myghte multeplye and encrease that chaunced for that they had bene soo longe at the siege of Troye that at thair retourne they found many thynges chaunged and many sedytions arose in the cytes so that some of them that had destroyed the sayde cytie oâ— Troye were constrayned to buylde newe cyties for they whom we call now the Beotiens being chased by the Thessaliens from the lande whyche they helde aboute thre skoore yeares after the destruction of Troye came to inhabite that countrey whych is called Beoce and bifore was called Cadmee which one parte of theÌ„ had holdenne in tymes paste and specyally than whan they departed to goo vnto Troye And the Doriens about foure skoore yeares after the sayd destructioÌ„ of Troye helde Peloponese And a longe tyme after the couÌ„trey of Grece beinge with greate defficultie peasable and the inhabitantes assuredde they beganne to sende fourth thair people for to inhabite other couÌ„trees Amonge the whyche the Athenyens dydde people the countrey of IonuÌ„ and some other Islandes And the Peloponesians and other people of the reste of Grece dydde people Italye and Sycilie All which thynges were done sythens the takynge of Troye The countrey of Grece being than bicome so puyssant and riche there chaunced euerye daye newe rulers in yâ— cyties by meanes of the reuenue therof whych was greaâ—ely augmeÌ„ted For bifore the kynges came by succesâ—ioÌ„ they had thair puisâ—â—nce â—ighteâ— prehemynences lymyted and also they studyed moste in nauigation by meanes that all Grece dyd than freqâ—ente moste commonly the sea with small shippes not hauing yet the vsaige of greate wherof the Corynthyens were the furste Inuentors aâ—d there were made the furst galleys that euer had bene sene in Grece And sithens one Amynocles the Corynthyan shyppwryght made fower for the Samyens aboute thre hundred yeares bifore the ende of the warre wherof we wryte And the moste auueyeÌ„r warre by Sea wherof we haue knowlaige was bitwene the Corynthyens and the Corcyryens whiche was than there aboute two hundred and thre skoore yeares And for that that the cytie of Corynthe is the strayte of the land betwene the two Seas it was alwayes the staple of the Grekes whan they vsed marchandyse yet more for land than for Sea By this meane and that aswell they that inhabyted within Peloponese as withoute came to marchandise within thair lande they wâ—re more ryche than the other lyke as the selfe poetes do vs to vnderstande whiche call Corynthe the ryche cytie And yet sithens that all Grece dyd geue themselues to nauigation and marchandyse by sea After that the pirates and robbers were dryuen away the sayd cytie bicame muche more ryche bicause that they came from all coostes to lande there As touchynge the Ionyens they had a longe tyme after the vsage of saylinge in the tyme of the furst kynge of Perse Cyrus and of his sonne Cambrises so that they defended thair Sea agaynste the sayde Cyrus And in the selfe same say sonne Polycrates that obteigned the rule in the cytie of Sam ye after the tyme of Cambyses was so myghtye by Sea that he occupyed many Islandes Amonge whyche was the same that men call Rhema the whyche he coÌ„secrated and gaue vnto the god Apollo who was in the temple of Delos After that the Phocyans to wytt those that founded the cytye of Massilia vaynquyshed the Cartagyans by Sea And the victoryes battailes by Sea whereof we speake were greatest and most renommed wherof there is any memory and yet neuerthelas were longe time after the destruction of Troye Moreouer the Athenyens the Egenytes and other that men fynde by wrytynge to haue had than armye by Sea had very small nomber of shyppes and also were very lytle For the more parte of them caryed not aboue fysty men and that was very seldome For the Athenyens hauyng warre agaynst the sayde Egenetes and fearynge thair strengthe by Sea Themistocles thair Duke and Capytayne perswaded them that they shulde make oute stronge shyppes for to beate them by Sea whych thynge they did yet notwithstaÌ„dynge all the same shyppes were not couered Such was the estate hooste of the Grekes by sea aswel from the begynnynge and auncyentie as also afterwardes
man maye easely and well delyuer hys charge But he must haue .xi. dayes for to trauerse or go ouecthwarte it Thys is the largenes of the royaulme on the sea coste but on the mayne lande syde and of the places mediterrayne in the moste lengthe whiche is from Bizance vntyll the Leens and throughe aboue the mount Strymon a man delyuered as is before sayde he maye go it in .xiii. dayes And touchyng the reuenue of the same royaulme the increase whiche Senthes sonne of Sytalces leuyed aswell vpon the estraungers as vpon the Grekes that inhabyted the sayde royaulme aswell in golde as in syluer amounted well nyghe to foure houndred talentes of syluer euery yeare besydes the guistes that were geuen hym whiche amounted not to much lesse and besydes the other thynges as clothes of sylke and of woolle and other moueables whiche the paysans Grekes and estraungers dyd geue not onely vnto hym but also vnto Prynces and Barons Odrysians for annuelle rente For meÌ„ maye see in that same royaulme of Odrysyans and also in all the remmenaunte of the couÌ„trey of Thrase an other sorte than is vsed in the Royaulme of Persee That is that the Lordes be accustomed more to take than to geue And it is more shame for hym of whom a thyng is demauÌ„ded to refuse to geue iâ— than for him that demaunded it for to be denyed And also the prynces oftentymes vsed that same custome imperially and by constraincte for vnto them that refused to geue them they denyed all traffique and marchaundise And by these meanes that same royaulme was comme to a marueillous greatenes For it was the greaste that than was in Europe frome the goulphe of the sea IoniuÌ„ vnto the bridge Euxin that is to wytte of reuenue and of ryches But of nomber of people and of good warryours it was muche lesse than the same of the Scythians vnto whome whan they were both ioyned and agreing togeders nother the Thracyens wherof we speake nor any other one natyon that was in Europe or in Asia coulde not resiste Also they haue a prudencye and dylygence in theyr fourme of lyuyng all of an other sorte than all the other haue Sytalces than hauynge so greate so puyssaunte a royaulme as we haue declared after that he had assembled all his armye and his preparatioÌ„ he toke hys waye for to go into Macedonie furst throughe hys countreye and after by the mounte Cercyne which is ouerall inhabyted and departeth the countreye of Synthyans from the same of Peonyens and he followeth the waye that he before tyme had made whan he made warre agaynste the sayde Peonyans cutting the wood ouerthwarth the mountaygne leuynge on the ryght hande the sayde Peonyans on the lefte the Synthyens Meedes Hauyng thaÌ„ asceÌ„ded agayne that same mouÌ„taygne he came to Dobere which apperteigneth to the sayde Peonyans withoute that that hys hoste dyd in any thynge dymynysh it though that many of the people were diseased by meane that many Thracyens followed the armye wythout wages and wythoute hauynge hope to gaygne in suche manner that he hadde as it is sayde fewe lesse than a houndred and fyfty thousande men wherof aboute the thyrde parte were horsemen of whome the more parte and the better were the Odrisians and the reste Getes and of the footemeÌ„ the Matheriferyans which be one of the natyons that inhabyte in the mounte of Rhodope lyuynge in libertye were the beste warryours But the nomber that followed of al nations was so greate that at the syghte onely it was fearfull Beyng than all arryued at Dobere they soâ—ourned there certayne fewe dayes and made prouysyon for that whiche was necessary for them for to assayle the countreye of Macedonye that was benethe that mountaygne whiche dyd obeye vnto Perdicas For all the Macedonyans were not in hys obeyssance But the Lyncestes and the Eluniores all whiche be Macedonyans althoughe that they had allyance wyth him and also dyd hym some seruyce yet they had theyr partycular Kynges For that that Alexander father of Perdicas and theyr progenytours surnamedde Temenides departed furste frome the cytye of Argos and came to the countrey of Macedonie And at the begynnynge toke that parte that presentlye is called Macedonye marytimate by force And chased oute of the countreye that is named Pyerie the Pyeryans Who afterwardes came to inhabyte beyonde the mounte Strymone vnder the mounte Pangeus in the towne of Phagrete and some other Whereby yet at thys presente the countreye that is vnder the sayde mounte Pangeus drawynge agaynste the sea is called Pyerienne They chased also oute of the countreye of Bottiee the Bottiens who presently inhabyte the borders of Chalcydyans and also occupyed a small portyon of the countreye of Peonyans nyghe to the floude Azius to wytt from the mouÌ„taygnes vnto Pelle and so vnto the sea syde And also beyonde the sayd floude they toke the regyon that ioygneth to the mounte Strymone whiche is called Migdonye from whence they chased the Edonyans And oute of the countreye of Eordie the Eordyans Of whome they dyd slaye a verye great part the other wythdrewe them selfe about the cytye of Phiste where they yet at thys presente do inhabyte Also they chased the Almopyans from theyr lande named Almopâ—e and besyde those there they subdewed and brought into theyr obeissaÌ„ce and subiectyon manye other people of Macedonyens which yet at thys presente obeye vnto Perdicas to wytt those of Anthemont of Grestonie of Bisaltye and other manye countreys whiche all be called Macedonye And all obeyde to Perdicas sonne of Alexander whan Sytalces wente to make agaynste hym the warre whereof we speake The Macedonyans vnderstandynge hys commynge and knowynge that they were not myghtye ynoughe for to resiste hym withdrewe them selfe into theyr places and townes walled Whereof there was not than anye greate nomber For those that men do see there at thys presente were enclosed by Archilaus sonne of Perdicas that reigned after hym And he caused the wayes to be repayred And furnyshed the royaulme wyth horse wyth harnoys and all other apparaylle of warre more than the eyght kynges that raygned afore hym all togeders had done The hoste of the Thracyans than at theyr departynge frome Dobere entred at the arryuall into the countrey whiche hadde bene Philipps brother of Perdicas And toke by force the towne of Idomene and them of Gortynie of Atlante and some other by composyty on for the amytie that he had wyth Amyntas sonne of Philyppe who was with him After he came to the towne of Europe thynkyng to haue taken it by force but he coulde not And so he departed froÌ„ thence ouerthwart the couÌ„trey of Macedonie which is of the right hande of Pelle of Cyrre But he neuer entred diepe into the couÌ„trey to wytt into Bottiee nor Pierie but he ouerroÌ„ned pillaged the couÌ„treys of Grestome of Migdonie of AnthemoÌ„t The Macedonyans seynge that they
of thys that I am come to th ende or ouercommed my labours for that that I founde me many tymes wythout ayde and wythoute compaygnie in the estate wherin they be which make mynes in the earth to take a place or for to fynde the mynes or the vaynes of quarryes and whan they haue dygged very deape they se not lowe nor hyghe farre nor nere any thyng that they searched Wherfore yf that by these mynes I haue taken the places yf I haue founde by dyggynge the vayne of stones of pure marbill and of fyne golde as I thinke I haue done it is not to marueylle yf I be right ioyful to be at the ende of my labours For for to speake of Thucidides he is reputed amongest the Grekes as the Porphir amongest the marbles or as golde among metals for that that there is in hys speakynge so muche grauitie so muche vehemencye and so muche trouthe wythoute glofynge which is the pryncypall part in an hystorian that they whiche rede it thinke and beleue that that he wryteth holye to be true and that he hym selfe that hath wrytton the hystorye hath not onely sene the thynges wherof he speaketh but also was therin presydent or châ—ef As he was for trouth in many thynges so as shall appeare hereafter by the dyscours of the hystorye albeit that he was charged to haue to slackely comme to succoure by sea the cytye of Antypolys wyth the armye by sea wherof he had charge By occasyon wherof he was bannyshed although vnryghtuously Duryng whiche banyshment he composed thys present hystorye and yet coulde not fynysh it as he had determyned bryng preuented by death And yet neuertheles thys present anthor and Herodotus haue the prayse amonge the Grekyshe hystoryans all lyke as Saluste and Titus Lyuius amonge the Latynes For the one of them to wytte Herodotus goeth forwarde all playne and easy wythout any roughnes as a ryuer that ronneth swetely all hole together wythoute any sourge and wythout wawes The other to wyt Thucydides hath hys course more impetuous and in speakyng of thynges of warre semeth that he is at the poynte of doynge it and that he geueth tokenne to fyght As Quyntilian the greate Oratour sayeth in thys manner Many haue wryttone hystoryes very elegantlye but no man putteth me in doubte that there aâ—ne not two that greatly exceade the other And albeit yâ— theyr vertue and excellencye be in dyuers qualyties yet the prayse is egall asmuch to the one as to the other To wytt Thucidides whiche is briefe and compendyous wythout interuption and Herodotus who is eloquent and copyous The one is more vehemente for to moue mens hartes the other more remys and gentle th one is more singulier in hys orations and the other in hys speakynge The one is more lyuely and the other more playsante Thowe haste than right reuerende father by the testimonye of Latynes what the hystorye of Thucydides in Greke is And yf thou dyddest thinke that it hath all the same maiâ—stye translated into Latynne I wolde forget all the laboure that I haue taken to do it But more I wyll not but that thou despyse not my labours consydering that the good knyght esteameth nothynge so muche as to be holden and reputed by hys heade and Emperour to be vaillyant and hardy Thus do I requyre you ryght reuerende father that you woll acknowlaige thys historye of Thucidides to be thyne aud myne For yf thoue allowest it and hast my worke agreable I woll repute it common vnto vs bothe Here followeth the translatyon of the Lorde Claâ—dius of Seyssell of Thucydydes into the Frenche tongue The furste boke of Thucidides of Thistoryes of Peloponesia ☞ In thys furste Chapter the Author for to shewe that the warre wherof he woll speake hath bene more greate than any of the other that the Grekes had euer hadde wythin theyr countreye or wythoute reherceth the begynnynge and procedynge of the countreye of Grece and of all the landes that they had hadde before thys presente warre nowe moued The furste Chapter THucidides Athenyan hath writt one the warre whiche the Peloponesians hadde wyth the Athenyans from begynnynge of the same vnto the ende hopynge that men shall fynde it right great and more worthy of memory than all thother that haue bene before By meanes that bothe partyes were than very puissant and plentyfull of al thinges necessarye to maigteyne it And also for that that all the residue of Grece did entermedle on the one syde and on the other Some of them from the beginning and other after the consultacyon and thys motion of warre was very greate not of Grekes onely but also of straungers and by a manner to saye of manye dyuers natyons And albeit that of other warres whiche were before thys and chiefly of the more auncyent there is no greate remembraunce nor certaintie yet alwayes I esteme by dyuers coniectures that I haue of manye thynges whiche I haue diligentlye inquyred that they were not verye greate nother coÌ„cernynge feates of warre nother as touchynge other thyuges For that that it is suerlye certayne that the countrey that nowe is named Grece was not in tymes paste so establyshed permanent as it nowis But the inhabytantes therof were oftentymes dryuen awaye by other more puissante and wente to dwelle in other places And by thys meane they had not amonge them any trade of marchaundyse nor any entrecourse by sea nor by lande but all in feare And for thys cause they tylled not theyr landeâ— but onely so muche as was necessary for theyr lyuyng Also they hadde not than greate plenty of monney nother dyd they plaÌ„t many trees in theyr lande for that they were not very certaine to haue power to enioye them And specyally not hauyng any townes closed wyth walles they made no greate matter to be dryuen from thence thinking that they coulde lyue aswell in an other lande whereby it maye be sayde that they were not puissant nor hauynge greate townes nor apparayl of warre So muche were all the quarters of the same Region subiected to the alterations of people specyally the quarter whiche men nowe call Beoce the same of Thessale andâ— manye other that be in Peloponese reserued the countreye of Archadye whiche was alwayes the moste ryche and most fartylle of all the other And by meanes therof albeit that the inâ—abytantes there were a lytle more mighty than the other yet they ofteÌ„tymes destroied theÌ„selues by questions seditioâ—s that they had among theÌ„selues further they were greatly subiect to robberyes â—illage of strangers wherby I fynde that the countreye of the Athenians the regyon Attique hath ben longer inhabyted by one only nation of people than any of the other for that yâ— the lande there was so barren that the other had no care to come thyder to wynne it but alwayes it hath bene as men may see and perceyue by meanes therof more peopled and increased wyth newe inhabitantes than
be very farre from the sea be they in Islandes or in fyrme lande In the whiche the furst founders were inhabyted to be farre from daunger of pyrates and robbers for that that they warred wyth the one and the other aswell them that dwelled in the lowe countreys as also those which inhabyted an hyghe in the fyrme lande And specyally the Caryens and the Phenices which inhabyted in the Islandes vsed the self crafte of Pyracy by meanes that they helde many of the Islandes And that hath bene founde by experyence in thys warre of the Athenyens for in pourgyng the Islande of Delos and plucking doune all the graues of them that were there deade and buryed they knewe that more than the halfe nomber were Caryens aswell by facyon of theyr harnoys with the whiche they were engraued as also by maner of theyr buryinge whiche was holy suche as now is vsed After than that the Kynge Mynos had obteygned the Empire of the sea in that quarter he chased the pyrates and theues from all the Islandes of the same sea and in theyr stede dyd sende other people hys subiectes into many of them for to inhabyte them Who lyuing in more suertie gaue them self more to excersise marchaundyse Wherby some of them became so riche that they enclosed theyr tounes with walles And the other which were most poore and were not able to assure them selues wyth walles dyd rendre themselues to be theyr subiectes by theyr owne wylle to the intente that they myght gaygne and vse marchaundyse vnder shadowe of them that were more mightye Whervpon being so augmented and enryched as is before sayd in certayne tyme after they assembled togethers to go to the siege of Troye Amonge whome in my iudgement Agamenon was most myghtye and he assembled together not onely the shyppes that were necessary to cary them which had bene at the poursuyte of Helayne for to haue her to wyfe whiche were bounde by othe made betwene the handes of Tyndarus father of the sayde Helayne to geue ayde for theyr power to hym that shulde haue it agaynste all them that for her cause woulde do any â—ultrage or wronge vnto hym but also a great nomber of other shyppes And they that diligently haue enquyred of auncyent feates of the Peloponesians saye that the same regyon of Peloponese was so named of one called Pelops who commyng thyther from the countreye of Asia wyth a greate quantytye of golde and syluer albeit that he was a straunger yet by reason of hys ryches he was by the people of the countrey that were poore honoured In â—uche sorte that they receyued hym for theyr Lorde And after hys name called the countrey Peloponese and sythens hys deathe hys successours and descente dyd yet get more great lordeshyppe For it happened that Euritheus wyllyng to go to make warre agaynst the Myceniens lefte Atreus to gouerne hys royaulme of Peloponese for that he was hys vncle brother of hys mother and also tha same Eurithens wythdrewe hym self thyder at that time when hys father persecuted hym for the death of Chrisyppus whome he slewe The same Eurytheus then beyng slayne by the Heraclides in the countrey of Attique the Mycenyens that feared to fall into the handes of the sayd Heraclides knowyng moreouer the sayd Atreus to be myghtye and a man that loued the people they receyued him vnto theyr lorde And by meane therof he was Kyng and Lorde of Micena wyth all the rest of the landes of his said nephieu Euritheus By meane wherof the Pelopides to wit the discente of Pelops were more myghtye than the Persydes to wytt the descente of Perseus Who before had dominyon of that countreye Agamenon succedynge the same Euritheus which also was a man myghtye by sea more than any other of the Grekes assembled in the sayd countreys whiche he helde thys armie more by force than by loue for it is very certayne that he came to the said siege of Troye with greater nomber of shyppes than any of the other and that he gaue of the sayde shyppes vnto the Acardyans lyke as Homerus recyteth yf we woll take hys testimonye to be suffycyent in thys behaulf For in speakynge as a man had geuen hym the Royall sceptre he saych that the same Agamenon besydes the countreys that he helde in fyrme lande had rule in many Islandes and that coulde no man do that dwelled in fyrme lande reserued the Islandes nexte vnto them which were not many in nomber yf he had not bene mighty by sea And as touchynge that hooste that Euritheus brought to Mycena we maye well iudge that they myght haue bene they that were assembled before in the countreye of Grece For Micena was a very lytle towne and though in that tyme it was taken to be greate yet nowe it wolde not so be taken whiche is an argument euydent ynough to beleue that he had not there so great nomber of shyppes at the Siege of Troye as Poetes haue wryttonne and as the renome hath roÌ„ned sithens For yf the cyty of LacedemonieÌ„s were not inhabyted and that there remayned but the temples and comone buyldynges I beleue that in successyon of tyme men woulde not beleue at the syght that it hath bene so stronge and so puyssant as it nowe is albeit that it holdeth two partes of the lymyttes of all Peloponese for hys terrytorye and ruleth all the remenant and that it hath many other cytyes and landes out of the sayd Peloponese in hys allyance And neuertheles before the sayd cytye was well peopledde and buylded wyth sumptuous temples and other edifyces Than whan the people were dyspersed through the vyllages lyke as all the other people of Grece were It is clere and manyfeste that it semed muche lesse The cytye of Athenes shulde be an other thynge yf the lyke shulde chaunce that it were habondoned for meÌ„ might ymagyne and iudge in seynge the greatnes and situation of the same that it had bene double more myghty than it is And thus I conclude that we ought not holy to beleue that which Poetes haue wryttonne of the sayd armye of Troye nor to haue more regarde to the greatnes of cytes then to theyr power And that the same hoste was greater then any of them whiche had bene before but much lesse then those that men make at this present we may well beleue it by the Poesye of Homer For although it be very lykely that he made the thynge more greate than it was after the style Poeticall for to geue more great lustre or beautye vnto hys declaratyon yet were not those same than so greate as these in thys present tyme. And that may appere by thys that of the twelf hundred shyppes which he recoÌ„neth he wryteth that those of the Beotiens caryed euery one a houndred and twenty men and they of Philoctete syfty wyllyng to shew by thys what the greatest and the leaâ—t shyppes myght cary seing that he maketh
hadde bene a company of pirates in thair countrey whiche neuer was So slouhâ—fulle and neglygent many people be to serche the trouthe of thynges But who wyll consyder the argumentes that I haue broughte in and approued by thys that I haue aboue recyted shall not be deceyued Nor shall geue full faith vnto poetes Who make the matters more great than they are by faynâ—ngesâ— nor also vnto historiaÌ„s who myngle poesies through out thair historyes and study more to speake playsante thynges than veritable lyke as Herodotus dyd Wher by it is chaunced that a great parte of that that thâ—y sayde wythout vâ—ynge any argumentes or tokens of trouthe by successyon of tyme is holden and reputed for a fable And yet is true And although that men haue alwayes iudged thys warre wherof we wryte to haue bene vâ—ry greate and sithens that it hath bene ended haue by workes therof had in admiration the former and auncyent yet it shal be shewed euidently vnto all them that woll dyligently consyder the one and the other that thys here hath bene moche greater than any of the other And notwythstandynge that it shulde be a very harde thynge for me to shewe all the counsayles that haue bene holdenne the deliberatyons opynyons and coÌ„clusyons and all the other purposes that were put fourth aswell in generall as in particuler and aswell bifore the warre begon as after not only of that which I haue vnderstanderstande by other but also of that that I haue harde myselfe yet that whiche I haue harde of credible persones that were present at the communyâ—ation and that dyd speake thynges consonante to the trouthe after the comon opynion I haue putt it togither by wrytynge And as touchynge that whyche hath bene done durynge the warre I wyll not wryte that that I haue hearde say of all people though it seme vnto me verytable But only that that I haue sene and that I coulde vnderstande to be certayne by credeble parsones that haue had true kâ—owlayge And also it hath not bene without dyfficultie to knowe the trouthe for those themselues that had bene present dyd speake dyuersly after thair particuler affectioÌ„ or after as they mynded it And for that that we woll not speake tryflynge thynges it may be well that our hystory shall not be so delectable to reade and to heare But they that wyll knowe the trouthe of thynges passed and by the same consyder and iudge thynges that may chance herafter suche or the lyke shall fynde it profytable For thys is not our intente for to make for thys present tyme a tale playsante to heare for one tyme but a historie profytable to be know in foreuer And to declare howe that this warre hath bâ—ne greater than that whiche the Grekes had agaynst the Medes It is very wel kâ—owen that the same was ended in two battailes by sea and so many by landeâ— there where as thys endured ryght longe tyme. and also there happened many euylls by meane ther of in Grece suche as no maÌ„ dyd euerse to happeÌ„ in lyke tyme though all those that haue bene done in Grece were recoÌ„ned or accompted aswell by straungers as amongest themselues were it by townes destroied and lefte desolate or inhabited agayne by other people the auncyeÌ„t being chased awaye by fortune of warre were it by cytezeins or people slayne and bannyshâ—d by dyssentions and â—yuil sedytions And yet by an other true tokenne it maye be welle iudged greater than the other auncyeÌ„t wherof the renome hath remayned and that is by the signes other myshappes that hath bene sene aswel by greate and exceadynge Earthquakes that chauÌ„ced in many places of Grece as also by the Eclipses and obsturations of the sonne more ofte than had bene euer sene and also by greate extreme heates wherupon folowed greate famyne and after a vehement pestylence whyche broughte many people to deathe All whych thynges came wyth the warre wherof we speke Of the whych the Athenyens and the Peloponesyans were authors hauynge broken the peace that they had made for thyrty yeares after the takynge of Eubece And to the inteÌ„t that there be no occasion to enquyre the causes wherupon this so greate a warre beganne I am wyllynge to reherse yt here And I agre or graunt that the most true and pryncyple was after myne iudgemente wherof there ys no speakyng the feare whyche the Lacedemonyens hadde of the Athenyens whom they saw in shorte tyme to be so myghtie Notwithstandynge the reasons that were alleged publiquely and commonly on the one syde and on the other for the whiche the peace was broken betwene them were suche as I shall declare The begynnynge of the Arising of the warre of Grece whiche begonne bitwene the Corynthiens and the Corcyriens And howe the Corinthiens hauyng bene vainquyshed by sea and preparynge to begyn bataile again Ambassadours were sent by aither of both parties towardes the AthenyeÌ„s to wynne or obteigne thair aide and fauâ—ur ☞ The .ii. Chapter EPydanne is a cytie which lyeth on the right hand as men coÌ„me from Grece into IonuÌ„ by sea which bordreth vnto the TaulancieÌ„s which be strangers of the countrey of Iliria Into the same in tymes past came to inhabyte certayn Corcyriens brought thider by Phalius the CorinthiaÌ„ who was of the disceÌ„te of Hercules sonne of Erathoclides which Phalius was geueÌ„ theÌ„ for chief or hedde by the CorinthieÌ„s who were thair superious Metropolitains of the sayd CorcyrieÌ„s wtout whose lyceÌ„ce it was not laufull to the same Corcyriens to go to buyâ—d a new Collonie or habitatioÌ„ in an other couÌ„trey after thair lawes And with the sayd Corcyriens some of the selfe CorynthieÌ„s a noÌ„ber of the Doryans went thider to inhabite And so it happened that wtin a small tyme the sayd Collonie towne of Epydanne became greate mightie aswell in riches as in people But hauing bene many diuisioÌ„s amonge theÌ„ some straÌ„gers thair neighbours made afterwardes warre agaynst them By meanes of whyche warre thair force and puyssance was gretly dymynished and fynally by the last sedicion and mutyne whych they had bifore this warre whereof we treate the comoÌ„s did chase awaye the nobles and the pryncipall gouernours of the cytie who wythdrewe themselues towardes the straungers th aire neighbours wyth whome they came oftentymes to ouertunne and pyllage the lande of the sayd cytie aswell by sea as by land whych seinge they that taryed within sente thair messengers towardes the CorcyrieÌ„s as to thair Metropolitains prayinge them that they wolde not suffre them so to be destroyed but to seâ—de them some parsone to make appoynctemeÌ„t with theÌ„ that were dryuen out to appaife the warre of the straungers which requeste the said messengers made in all humylitie to the CorcyrieÌ„s beinge assembled in the teÌ„ple of Iuno But they graunted theÌ„ no prouysion wherupon the Epydannyans seinge themselfe so forsaken and destituted and not knowynge what way to take to
the more that after the warre of the Medes they had brought chyderall theyr moueables And on the other parte it greaued theÌ„ greatly and was molestuous that they shuld leaue theyr temples and theyr particular Goddes whiche they hadde in the vyllages and â—ouroughs whiche for the auncyent vsage that they hadde to sacrifyce there they reputed them to be theyr parte And also it was mete for them to leue and chaunge all theyr manner of lyuynge Whereby in effecte it semed vnto euerye of them by departynge from theyr vyllages that they habandoned theyr citie And after that they were come wythin the cytye there were veray fewe that had houses Afterwardes some of them wente vnto theyr parentes and frendes the other and the more parte lodged themselues in places of the citye not inhabited in all the temples reserued those that were in the hygh cytye of Eleusine and some other whiche were surelyer shutt and kept And also there were that lodged themself wythin the teÌ„ple named Pelasgeque which was all aboue the olde cytie though that it were not laufull to dwell there lyke as it was conteygned in the ende of a verse of an aunswere of Apollo Delphicque whiche sayde in thys manner The temple Pellasgeque shall kepe most comodyouslye the reste But to my iudgement that same aunswere came to the contrarye of that that men vnderstode by it For the calamytie chaunced not to the cytye for that that the temple was prophane by the habitacyon of the people as some woll vnderstande it but to the contrarye the necessytye to dwell there came through the calamyte of the warre For the oracle of the Godde foreseynge the warre that shulde comme shewed before that whan men shulde inhabyt there it shulde not be for any goodnes Manye also lodged them selfe wythin the towers of the walles And for conclusyon euery one lodged hymselfe there where he myght For the cytye made them no empeschement seynge so greate a nomber of people to be comme oute of the feldes But aâ—terwardes they were lodged vpon the longe walle and in a greate parte of Pyreus After that the people and the goodes were wythdraweÌ„ into the cytye they were all geuen and attentyue to prouyde for thynges apperteygnynge to warre Specyally to cause the succours of the townes subiected and confederated to assemble to make ready and tacle an houndred shyppes which they wolde sende to Peloponese In thys manner the Athenyans were busyed in the feate of warre Howe the Peloponesians intred furste into the lande of Athenes and the pyllages that there were made And howe the Athenyans by the wysedome of Pericles were empesched to yssue forth reserued the horsemen whiche were repoulsed and dryuen backe agayne ☞ The .v. Chapter THe hoste of the Peloponesyans comming into the lande of Athenes they mynded to lodge furste in the towne of Enoe whiche is vpon the borders betwene Athenes and Beoce And for that that the towne was strongely walled into the whiche the Athenyans retyred in tyme of warre the Peloponesians determined to take it by batterye For thys cause they made engyns to be sett vp for batterie but for that that it was longe tyme in doing they had great suspytyoÌ„ agaynst Archidamus that he was fauourable to the AthenyaÌ„s For also they thought that he hadde ben eneglygent in causyng the confederates to assemble and that he had coldly encouraged the armye And after that it was assembled that he taryed longe in the destraicte of Peloponese before he departed and more that after hys departure that he came very softly but aboue all they complayned of that that he hadde bene so longe before Enoe And they thought that yf he had vsed dylygence they hadde entrynge readely into the lande of Athenes pyllaged all the goodes that the Athenyans had brought into the cytye In suche suspytyon was Archidamus at the assiege of Enoe who as men saye caused it to be protracted at length hopynge that the Athenyans before that theyr lande shulde be begonne to be wasted and destroied wolde come fourthe rather than to see it destroyed before theyr eyes But afâ—er that the Peloponesyans had done all theyr beste for to take Enoe seyng that there was no hope to do it and also that the Athenyans had not sente anye heraulde nor message vnto them they departed from thence about fourskoore daies after that which had bene done by the Thebayns at Platee and entredde into the countreye of Athenes in the tyme of sommer the corne beyng rype in the feldes vnder the conducte of Archidamus kynge of Sparte And vainquyshed all the sayde lande begynnynge in the quarter of Eleusine and of Triasie and also dyd repoulse and dryue backe the horsemen of the Athenyans that were come fourthe vpon them into a place that is called Rithie Afterwardes they passed more further hauyng on the ryght hande the mountaygne of Egaleon ouerthwart the regyon called Cecropie and came vntyll Acarne whiche is the greatest towne that is in all the regyon of Athenes before the which they layde theyr assiege and there they were long pyllagynge and destroying the couÌ„trey It is said that Archidamus kept hym selfe abowtes the towne wyth all the armye in battayle as for to fyght and wolde not descende into the playne fearyng that the Athenyans who had so great noÌ„bre of yonge people more encouraged to warre than euer they had before wolde come to ouerrunne them and coulde not endure to see theyr laÌ„de so wasted pillaged And whan he yet did see that they were not come fourth the ennemyes beinge in Eleusine and after in Trasie he mynded to assaye yf they durst comme to rayse the siege from before Acarne consideryâ—g also that the place was very propyce and mete for to lodge soiourne hys campe Also he thought that they of the towne that were well the thyrde parte oâ— Athenes for there were thre thousande all men of warre wolde not suffer tâ—em wyllyngly to waste theyr terrytorye for that cause all together wolde câ—mme fourth aswell from Athenes as from Acarne for to geue them battayle And yf they came not fourthe that than men might from thence forwardes with lesse feare waste and burne all the territory of Athens And comme to the walles of the towne For whan the Acarnes shulde haue sene all theyr lande wasted and theyr goodes lost they shulde not be so determyned nor so ready to put theÌ„selfe in daunger for to kepe the landes and the goodes of other And by thys meane they shulde be of dyuers opynyons Suche was the fantasye of Archidamus beynge before Acarne But the Athenyans whyles the ennemys were aboutes Eleusine and in the lande of Triasie they hadde some opynyon that they wolde passe no further For that that they remembred that .xiiii. yeares before the warre Plistonactus sonne of Pausanias kynge of Lacedemonyans beynge entred into the lande of Athenes wyth the hoste of Peloponesyans whan he was come to the
that couÌ„trey and also they defeated and discomsited thre houndred good men of the valleys of the said countrey of Elyde with a certaine other noÌ„bre of the couÌ„trey adioining that were come downe for to succour the said towne of Phee And afterwards a great wynde teÌ„pest arising in the sea by meane wherof thair shippes might no longar tary there for that that it was a place with out porte one part of theÌ„ embarqued theÌ„self And passing bifore a rokky place called Ithis they came to aborde in the porte of Philie To which place the Messenyens the other that could not be embarqued at departure frome Phee were come by lande and had taken the towne by force Whiche vnderstandinge that there were nowe assembled a great bende of people of the countre of Elyde for to come to ouerronne theÌ„ habandoned the cytie embarqued themselues with the other departed altogither keping that same sea enuiroÌ„ninge the places nighe about it In the same self tyme the Athenyans sente thirty othere shippes for to go against the quarter of Locride for to kepe the Island of Eubee they coÌ„mitted the coÌ„ducte of the same shipps vnto CleopoÌ„pus son of Clynias who being there landed wasted many couÌ„treis along by the sea toke the towne of Thronie caused the same to delyuer hostages Afterwardes certaine LocryaÌ„s being come to repulse chase him away as he was bifore Alope he defeated ouercame theÌ„ in battaile In that same soÌ„mer the Athenyans chased all the inhabitantes out of Egyne with thair wiues childreÌ„ reproching theÌ„ that they were cause of all the warre And also they thought yt much more sure to inhabytt with their people that same cytie which was affectioned to the PeloponesyaÌ„s which thing they did anone after But the PeloponesiaÌ„s aswel for hate of the AthenyaÌ„s as also for that that the Egynes had done theÌ„ many plaisirs both in the tyme whaÌ„ the earthquake was in thair couÌ„trey also in the warre that they had against the Sklaues they gaue theÌ„ the cytie of Thyree for their habytacioÌ„ with all the terrytory thereof vnto the sea for to labour which terrytory departeth the couÌ„trey of Argiues from that same of Laconie And one parte of the sayd Egynes did inhabitt theÌ„self ther the other weÌ„t dispaâ—sed through the couÌ„trey of Grece In the self same soÌ„mer the furst day of the moneth in the chauÌ„ge of the mone at which might only chauÌ„se the eclips As it was bileued the sunne was darkened about noone or mydday In such sort that there was sene many starres in heaueÌ„ anone after came againe to his clerenes At which time the AtheniaÌ„s made appoinctmeÌ„t with Nymphodorus Abderite who was bifore thair ennemy for that that he had greate authoritie with Sitalces sonne of Thereus kinge of Thrace whoe hadde espoused his suster hopinge by his meane to withdrawe the sayde Sitalces vnto th aire allyaunce For that same Thereus hadde furst in his lyuinge made the royalme of Odrises whiche he enioyed most great of all the couÌ„trey of Thrace whiche lyueth in coÌ„parison of the reste in lybertie This same Thereus was not he that hadde Progne doughter of Pandion kinge of Athenes to wyfe but they ruled in dyuers countrees of Thrace for he the espoused Progne holdeth the couÌ„trey of Daulie which is nowe called the lande of Phocyde that was than inhabyted with Thracyens in whose time that same Progne and Philomene her suster dyd that greuous offence in the place of Itys By reasone wherof many poetes makinge mention of Philomene whiche is called the nightingale named yt the byrde of Daulie And it is good to beleue that Pandyon kinge of Athenes made that allyance with the same Thereus king that helde the countrey of Daulie for that that it was very nighe to Athenes for to haue succour seruyce rather than wyth the othere Thereus that helde the couÌ„trey of Odrises which was greatly distant fromtheÌ„ce That same than of whome we speake beinge a man of none estymation nor renoÌ„me gott the roiaulme of Odrises and lefte yt vnto Sitalces his sonne with whome the Athenyans made allyance aswell for to haue places frendes and fauourers in Thrace as also to destroye by hys meane Perdycas kynge of Macedonie And Nymphodorus came vnto Athenes with full power of the sayd Sitalces to conclude thappoinctmente whiche thinge he didde And moreouer he caused his sonne named Sadocus to be made Citezeine of Athenes And he toke charge to practise with Sitalces that he shulde cease forbeare the warre that he made in Thrace for to sende to the Athenyans horsmen and footemen lightly armed all Thracyens He moreouer made appoinctement bitwene the Athenyans and Perdicas by meane of the cytie of Therme whiche they rendered him at perswation of the same Nephodorus By meane of whiche appoynctment Perdicas ioynned with Thathenyans and with Phormeon biganne warre against them of Chalcyde In this manner the Athenians had Sitalces kinge of Thracyans and Perdicas kinge of Macedonyans in thair allyance And durynge this tyme their people that were gone into Peloponese with the houÌ„dred furst shippes toke the towne of Solyon bilonginge to the Corynthyans And after that they hadde vtterly pillaged yt they gaue it with all the territory vnto them of Palere whyche be in the countrey of Acharnanie And after that they toke the towne of Astacte by force whiche they reduced to theire allyaunce hauynge chased frome thence Euarchus that helde yt by tyranny And this done they toke saile for to come to the Isle of Chephalanie which was situated for aneÌ„pste the countreis of Acharnanie and of Lewcade and there were four cyties to wit Pale Cranie Samee and Pronnee So without any resistence they toke al the Isle And sone after departed froÌ„thence about the ende of somer for to retourne to Athenes But they beinge arryued at Egyne vnderstode howe Pericles was come fourth with a great bende of men of Athenes and was entred into the territory of Megare So they toke their way for to retyre straight into that partie there landed and ioygned themselfe with the other Which was one of the greatest assembles of men of warre that had bene yet sene togither of Athenyans alonely For also the cytie was than in his flower and hadde not suffred any calamitie And it is sayde that they were ten thousand men armed all of Athens besides thre thousand that were at Potyde and the inhabytaÌ„tes of the feldes that were retyred into the cytie which were issued with theÌ„ to the noÌ„ber of thre thousand all well armed And beside those there was a great noÌ„ber of othere lightly armed whyche altogether hauinge pillaged and wasted the more parte of the territory of Megare retourned fromthence vnto Athens And the same Athenyans ceased not yearely to come
two yeares longe which was the thinge that most enfeabled and destroyed the power of the Athenyans For their dyed of that pestilence more than fore thousande and foore houndred fighters wyth ordenance and thre houndred horsemen besides the remenant of the people that was innumerable There was also greate Earthquaks at many tymes aswell in Athens as in Eubee and likewise in the countrey of Beoce but aboue all in Orâ—homenia In that self wynter the Athenyans that were yet in Sycile the Rhegins wyth their thirty ships inuaded the Isles that be called the Isles of Eolus for that that in sommer tyme men mighte not passe there for that there was no freshe water And the same Isles be inhabited wyth LipariaÌ„s that were of the countrey of Cnydus But pryncipally they kepte themself in one of the same that is called Lipare whyche is not very greate And froÌ„thence they passed to the othere to wytt Dydymus Strongilus and Hierus for to laboure and sowe them In whyche Isle of Hierus the people of the countrey bileuedde that Uulcanus dwelled and vsed hys forge Forsomuche as in the nighte meâ— might see a great flambe of fyer to aryse and in the day a greate smoke All whiche Isles be situated in the coste of Sycile and of the lande Missena and they dyd than take parte wyth the Siracusains By reasone wherof the sayd Athenyans and Rhegins wente to ouercomme them And seing that they would not geue vp they destroyed all their landes Afterwards they returned vnto Rhege And it was the fyfth yeare of the warre that Thucidides hathe wryttonne At begynnynge of the sommer followynge the Peloponesians their allyes made a freshhe their assemblie for to enter into the countrey of the Athenyans came vnto the destreate of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Agide sonne of Archidamus kinge of Lacedemonyans But parceyuynge the earthquakes that daylye chaunced they retyred wythout entrynge into the sayd countrey whyche earthquakes were so greate that in the countrey of Eubeus the sea did so strongelye checke and beate aboute the towne of Orobie that it ouerflowedde all the lowe parte of the towne And although that it wythdrewe afterwardes froÌ„ one parte therof yet it remayned in an othere parte and euersens hath remayned there By whiche ouerflowyng all the inhabitantes of that same towne were drownedde and peryshed Those resaruedde that founde the meane to wythdrawe themself into the height of the cytie and the like alluuioÌ„ and ouerflowing happened in the Isle of Atalantus nighe vnto the lande of Locriens In the whcih a castell that the Athenyans there had was in parte ouerflowed beaten downe And of two shippes that were there in the poorte the one was clerelye frushedde in pieceas And likewyse vnto the towne of Paperethus there came a goulphe of the sea yett wythoute annye Earthquake and ouerflowynge that dydde beate downe one parte of the walle togider wyth the paiais and many othere howses Of the whyche alâ—â—â—yons and ouerflowynges the Eearthquakes as I thynke were the cause For on that syde where it moste troubledde and quaked yt chasedde and repulsed the sea from it whyche retournynge agayne wyth greate force and violence caused the allnuyons and ouerflowynges In the same sommer many exploictes of warre were donne in Sycille aswell by the straungers as by them of the countrey and chiefly by the Athenyans and their allyes wherof the mosâ—e notable and those that I haue had knowlaige of were that Chariades duke of Athenyans beinge slayne in battaile by the Syracusians Laches who was capytaine of the shippes went with hys people againste the towne of Mylus in the countrey of Messanyens in whiche he hadde twoo compaignies of Messanyens whyche hauynge made twoo embushementes agaynste the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes weere repoulsedde and putte to flight And manye of theyme slayne wherewyth they of the towne were so afrayde that the sayde Athenyans and theire allyes comminge bifore that same towne they fell to a composition By whyche they rendredde the Castell And promysedde to sarue and ayde agaynste them of Messane whyche Messanyens parceyuing that power to coÌ„me against them rendredde theymselfe likewyse by composition Geuynge hostages and all othere manner of suertye In the same sommer the Athenyans sent .xxx. shyppes aboute the countrey of Peloponese vnder conducte of Demosthenes sonne of Alcisteins and of Procles sonne of Theodorus And three skoore other they sente agaynst the Isle of Melus wyth two thousande souldyars vnder conducte of Nycias sonne of Nyceratus for that the Melyans refusedde to obey to those Athenyans and to contribute to their warres And soo they constraignedde theym to comme thider by composytion after that they hadde destroyed theire landes And fromthence they passedde into Orope whyche is appositt and foranempste the sayde Isle in mayne lande In whyche place beinge arryuedde at the entrynge of the night they came all in armure out of their ships and went agaynste the cytie of Tanagre in the countrey of Beoce Into whyche place came oâ— thoder syde euenne at one tyme all the people of Athenes vnder conducte of Hipponicus sonne of Callias and of Eurymedon sonne of Thuclesâ— who beinge all ioynned togider planted their campe bifore the towne where they dydde abyde that same daye and dydde all kyndes of euylls in the countrey and rounde aboute yt And the morowe after they of the towne issuinge fourthe wyth ceâ—tayne succour that was comme to them from Theme they repoulsed theyme shamefully and slew a great nomber of them And of the harnes that they toke from theyme they raysed vp a tokene of victory bifore the towne Afterwardes they retourned thider fromwhens they came to wit the one to the shippes the othere to the cytie And they that retournedde to the shippes after that they had pyllaged the sea coasts in the couÌ„trey of Locryans they retourned into their quarter In that same time the LacedemonyaÌ„s did build the cytie of Heracleus in the countrey of Trachinieâ— and peopled it wyth their people for this occasion The Mylyens be deuyded into thre partes wherof the one be the ParalyeÌ„s the other the Hyeryens and the thirde the Thrachynyens Against which Thrachynynes the Oetes theire neyghboures hauynge warre they were frome the begynnynge of opynyon to call the Athenyans to theire ayde But not trustinge assuredly vnto them they sente lykewyse to the Lacedemonyans Tisamenus their ambassadour with whoÌ„ they of Dorie which is the Metripolytain cytie of the Lacedemonians sente asso theyr Ambassade for that they also were vexed and troubled by the saide Oetys The Lacedemonyans hauynge thaÌ„ harde that same Ambassade determyned to sende of theyr people for to buylde the sayde habytacion aswel for defence of the sayde Trachiniens Doriens as also for that it semed to them that it shulde be muche commodious for the
they were in feare to incurre one other suche losse as they hadde made at Pylus For thys reasonne they durste not enterpryse any combate or fyghtynge thynkyng that fortune was so contrary vnto them that all their doynges shuld take euyll successe And that same fantasie came vpon theyme for that that they were not accustomedde to haue mysfortune In thys manner they suffredde the Athenyans to waste and destroye their countreys by the sea syde wythout ones remouynge themselfe and also wythout sendynge thyder succours of other people but only those that they had sent thider for to defend them Iudgyng theÌ„self to be weaker than the sayde Athenyans aswelle in nomber of people as also by practique in the sea Notwythstandynge one companye or bende of their people whyche was in garnysone at Corcyre and Aphrodisia seing a compaygnie of the ennemyes lyghtely armedde in disordere they chargedde vpon theym and dyd slaye them all But sone after they were rechasedde by them that were armedde and loste some of their people togyders wyth theire armure The Athenyans after that they had set vp their Trophee in Cytheree they wente into Epidaure and fromthence hauynge wastedde a great parte of the lande of the Epidauriens they wente into Thyree whyche is in the countrey that men calle Cymurya whych departeth the countrey of Laconie and that same of Argos and was by the Lacedemonyans geuene to laboure vnto the Egenetes whyche were chasedde frome theire countrey aswell for the saruyces that they hadde done vnto them in tyme of the Eartquacke as also for this that albeit that they were subiectes of the Athenyans yet hadde they alwayes takene their parte Those Egenetes than vnderstandynge that the Athenyans were commynge towardes theÌ„ and arryued at their porte they habandoÌ„ned and dyd forsake the walle whyche they had made by the sea syde and retired vp to the heyght of their towne which is distant froÌ„ the sea about tenne stades And with them retired one bend of Lacedemonie which was sente to defende them and also to helpe to make the wal But whan it came to the poyncte to entre into the towne they wolde not enter therein whatsoeuer instance that the Egenetes made vnto theym For that they thought it daungerous to enclose themselfe But seinge that they were not hable to resiste their ennemys they retyredde into the hygheste places in the mounteigne Sone after the Athenyans came wyth all their strengthe bifore the towne of Thyree so dydde take it peasably and burnedde yt And all the Egynetes that they founde lyuynge they chargedde in their shippes for to carye them to AtheÌ„s togyder wyth Tantalus sonne of Patrocles whom the Lacedemonyans hadde sente vnto them for to gouerne howbeit he was soore hurte And lykewyse they caryed thyder some of the prysoners that they hadde takene at Cytheree which Cithereans were afterwardes by the Athenyans sente into dyuers Islandes And vpon those that remaynedde in the towne of Cytheree was imposedde and sett a trybute yerely of foure talentes As touchynge the Egenetes for the ancyente hatred that the Athenyans hadde agaynste them they causedde them all to dye And they dyd put Taâ—talus into prysone with the other Lacedemonyans that hadde bene takene in tâ—e Islande ¶ Howe the Sycilians at the perswation of Hermocrates made peace among themself and sente agayne frothence the Athenyans ☞ The .viii. Chapter IN that same sommer in the countreye of Sycile treuese were made furste betwene the Camerins and the Gelians And sone after out of all the cyties of the countrey Ambassadours were sente to Gele for to treate of thappoynctement betwene them And after that manye opynyons hadde bene spokenne dyuers and contrary the one to the othere whyche euerye one dydde speake for hys particuler intereste makynge their doleaunces of the wronges whyche they pretendedde to haue bene done in the cytie of Gele Hermocrates sonne of HarmoÌ„ Syracusaine whyche was the same parsone that mooste sturredde and prouokedde them to the appoynctemente dydde speake vnto them in thys manner The Oration of Hermocrates I Am of a cytie lordes Sycilians whyche is not of the leaste of the countrey and also ys not muche trauailled wythe warre wherefore that whych I shall say ys not for that that I do owe to haue more feare of the warre than the othere But onely ys to shewe you what semethe vnto me to be the common welth of all the countrey And albeit that to recyte vnto youe here what displeasure and what tourmente the warre ys and all the thynges that thereby arne wonte to happene there ys no man that canne welle expresse though that he vsed a very longe talke yet somuch there is that as no man for lacke of vnderstandynge and knowlayge ys constraynedde to enter hedlyng into it so also is there none that wolle refrayne to make it if he thynketh thereby to gett for feare of any yll that maye come therof But it chanceth ryghte oftene that those whyche enterpryse yt do hope thereby more wynnynges than they wolle regarde the difficultie and daungers thereof And those that do consyder moste the inconuenyences loue better to be in hazarte of that whyche maye happene than presently to susteygne any payne or daÌ„mage And yet nothere the one nor the othere canne obteigne the same whyche they hope but throughe the benefytte and ayde of the tyme. wherelore I thynke that to speake of the appoynctemente ys a thynge conuenyente for all menne and specyallye for vs in thys saysonne if we be well aduysedde For if heretofore we euerye one haue enterpretysedde the warre thynkynge therby to make his proffytte and to prouyde for hys affayre we oughte nowe whyche be all in warre and stryues to assaye to comme agayne to the peace wherein we were And if we cannot by that meane recouer euerye one that whyche apperteigneth vnto him we maye afterwardes retourne to the warre if we thynke good But we muste vnderstande if we bee discreate and prudente that thys assemblie ys not made pryncypally for to knowe of oure particular questyons but rather to deuyse if we maye to saue and wythdrawe all the countrey of Sycille out of the handes of the Athenyans who in my fantasie deceyue vs all and goo aboute to subdue vs. And consyder and thynke that they oughte to be arbitrours and necessarie sequesters and procurers of oure peace more than my woordes and talke For that that they haue an armye all preste more puissante than all the othere Grekes whyche they maye transporte ryghte easely hyther by sea wyth a small noÌ„ber of shippes whan they shalle knowe youre faultes whyche they doo hope of and dailly doo laye wayte for And thoughe that they do comme hyder as of a good fellaushipp and allyance yet for a trouthe they do intreate vs ennemylike and go aboute nothynge but their particuler proffytt And if we doo chose and accepte the warre and call to oure ayde thies
saylle in eight dayes And notwithstanding that it is so great yet is it not distance frome the firme lande but twenty stades or thereaboutes It was inhabyted frome the begynnynge by many and diuers nations of people whereof the furst were the Cyclopes the Lestrigonyans who helde onely one parte of the same of whome I cannot tell what nation of people they were frōwhence they came nor whider they wente nother any other thing haue I learnedde therof but that whereof the poetes make mention and euery one of theyme presupposeth to haue knowlaige of the same people After those the Sycanyans were the chiefe that inhabytedde there who sayed that they were the furste inhabitantes and that they were borne in that same lande but the trouthe sheweth it selfe clerely to the contrarye that they be Hyberiens nyghe vnto a ryuer that is in the sayed countrey namedde Sycania and beinge chased oute of their oune countrey by the Lyguryans dyd withdrawe themself into Sycille whiche they named by their name Sycania where as bifore it was named Tinacria and yett at this present those of that natiō holde some places of that same Isle in the weste parte therof Sence after the taking of Troye certaine Troyans whiche fledde fromethence for feare of the Grekes withdrewe themself thider into the quarter of the Sycaniens wherein makyng their abode they were all aswell Troyans as also Syracusians called Elmyans and did holde two cyties to wytte Erix and Egesta Next vnto those certayne Phocians came to inhabytt there to wytt those whiche in their retourne from Troye were by fortune of sea cast into Lybia and fromethence passedde into Sycille As touching the Sycilians they came out of Italy beinge chased fromethence by the Opicians whiche thinge is verye lykely and it is comonly sayd that they passed in small boates with the tyde whan they parceiued that it sarued them for that that the passage is very short And that it may be so there be yet of the Sycilians in Italie which was so named by a king of Arcadie that was called Italus Thies Sycilians were passed in so greate nōber that they vainquished the Sicanians in battaille caused thē to retyre into a quarter of the Isle that is towarde the Southe and therewythall they dydde change the name of the Isle called it Sycille where as bifore tyme it was called Sycania for also they occupyed the greater parte of the good places of thesame Isle and helde it frō their furst coming vntil that the Grekes came thider which was aboutes three houndred yeares During which time the Phenycians came for to inhabitt in a certen small countrey of the Isle in certaine small Islandes nigh therunto for to trade marchandise with the Syciliās but afterwardes many Grekes being passed by sea into the same they left their sailling lodged thēself with in the Isle there foūded three cities in the cōfynes of the Elymyans to witt Motia Solois Panhormus trusting in the amitie that they had with the sayed Elymyans and also in this that on the same syde there was a very smalle space of the sea for to passe out of the same Isle into Chartage In this manner and by such nomber of diuers strange people the said Isle of Sicille was inhabyted As touching the Grekes the Chalcides which came from Eubea vnder the conduct of Theocles were the furst that came to inhabytte here and founded the cytie of Naxus and without the same they made the chappell of Apollo Archageti that is yet sene there into the which whā they purposed to go out of the Islande they came furste for to make their vowes and sacrefices there The yeare after the coming of the sayd Chalcides Archias Corynthian that was descēded of Hercules came to inhabyt there where Siracusa is hauing furst chased frōthence the Sycilians which helde that parte of the Isle Nowe was thesame cytie at that time all in mayne lande without that that the sea did touche it in any parte but longe tyme afterwardes that was added vnto it that entreth into the sea and is presently sene enuyroned with a walle the whiche by succession of tyme was greatlye peopledde Fyue yeares after that Theocles and the Chalcydes yssued oute of Naxus and came to chase awaye the Cycilians that helde the cytie of Leon and dyd take it and the lyke dyd in the cytie of Catana fromewhence they chased Euarchus whom those of the coūtrey named to be founder therof In that same time Lampis came from Megare for to inhabytt in Sicille and lodged himself with the people that he had broughte thider in a ryuer namedde Pantatius in a place named Trotylum Afterwardes he came to abyde with the Chalcides in Leon for a short time and they gouerned the cytie togiders but being fallen into dissention they chased him away so he came with his people to tarie in Thaspo where he dyed And after his death his men forsoke the place and vnder the conducte of a kynge of Sycilians namedde Hyblon who by trahyson hadde delyuered the countrey vnto the Grekes they came to inhabytt in Megara and so were after the kinges name called Hyblans who two houndred Forty and fyue yeeres after that they came thider were chased fromthence by a king of the Syracusains namedde Gelon But bifore that aboute an houndred yeare after that they came thider they foundedde the cytye Selinus vnder conducte of Pammillus Who beinge chasedde frome Megara whiche was their Capytall Cytye wyth the other of hys nation retyred thider As touchynge the Cytie of Gela it was founded and peopledde by Antiphenus of Rhodes and Eutimus of Crete commonly bitwene theyme bothe who brought thider aither of theyme out of hys countrey a certayne nomber of housholders aboutes .xlv. yeares after that Syracusa beganne to be inhabyted and namedde that same cytie Gela bycause of the ryuer that passeth by nigh vnto it that is so named where byfore time the place where the cytie is sytuated was closedde with walle and was called Lyndia Aboutes a houndredde and eyght yeares afterwardes the sayd Gelyans hauyng furnysshed the sayd cytie with Doryans they came to inhabytt in the cytie whiche is presently called Agragas vnder the conduct of Ariston Pystilus and they so named it by cause of a ryuer that passeth there which hath the like name and they establysshed there the gouernement of the cytie according to the lawes and customes of their countrey As touchyng the cytie of zancla it was furst inhabytedde by certeine theues or robbors that came oute of the cytie of Cumes that is in the countrey of Opica in the lande of Chalcidia but afterwardes a greate multytude of Grekes aswelle oute of the sayedde countrey of Chalcidia as also of the rest
any of the other by that that they whiche were chosen out of other countreys by warre or for sedition wythdrewe themselues thyther as into a place sure and stable In suche sorte that the cytye of Athenes which is theyr princypall towne and alâ— the countrey came to so greate increase of people that the lande coulde not nouryshe them but were constrayned to sende parte into IonuÌ„ and there to make Colonies that is to saye townes peopled with theyr nation There is also an other argument whiche doth clerely to knowe that thys was not than anye greate thynge of the sayde countreye of Grece That is that it is fully certayne that before the warre of Troye that same Grece whiche also is called Heliade dyd nothyng by assembly And also had not that same name vniuersally specially afore Hellenes sonne of Deucalion nor yet any tyme sythens euery countreye hadde hys partycular name But after that the sayde Hellenes and hys chyldren had occupyed Lordeshyp in Theotide they beganne to leade oute and to cause theyr people to go from the same countreye throughe the other countrees and by that meanes dyd enterpryse to entermâ—dle and vse merchaundyse and then men began to call theym all commonlye Hellenes that is to saye Grekes And yet for all thys they coulde not so sone obteygne the same denomination ouer all by right longe tyme after as it appeareth by this that Homere who was longe tyme after the sayde warre of Troye nameth theÌ„ not all generally by that same name but calleth onelye them so whiche came frome Theotide wyth Achilles who were the furste so called But as touchynge the Danoes the Argyues and the Aâ—heans he calleth them by theyr sayde particular names and nameth them not therefore straungers for that as it semeth to me that thys nomynation was not yet attributed to that hole nation and countreye whiche we call Grece nor dysseuâ—red from other All the which excepted the same they name Barbarous or straunge And for conclusyon all the same natyon which is nowe called Grece hadde thanne particuler names And sythens by vsynge of one onely language it hath bene commonly called Greke which before the sayde warre of Troye did neuer any thynge by assemblye aswell by reason of theyr pouertye as also for that that they had no conuersatyon togidre But to that enterpryse of Troye they went all by meanes that they than had had conuersatyon amonge themselues and had frequented to eate together For Minos who is mooste auncyent of them of the sayde countrey of whome we haue harde spoken assembled a greate quantitie of shyppes wherewith he dyd holde and rule the greater parte of the sea which we call presently the sea of Grece And fyrst occupyed the Islandes called Ciclades whiche he peopled wyth hys subiectes hauyng dryuen from thence the Caryens And after hys death he lefte them for inheritaunce vnto his chyldren Aâ—d yet neuertheles chased from the same quartier the robbers of the sea as muche as he might as it is to be thought to the intente to enioye the better the reuenues therof For that that the Grekes and other nations which inhabyted nyghe vnto the sea and to the Islandes after that they begonne to vse shyppes and to sayle gaue them selues to pyllage and to robbe vpon the sea hauynge appoynted for thys purpose the myghtyest amonge them And thus they dyd aswell for theyr gaygne or lucre as also to nouryshe the poore people whiche dwelled on the lande In suche sorte that they daylye pyllaged the tounes that were openne and not garnyshed wyth walles and wyth the same pyllage they lyuedde the more part of them wythoute reputynge the sayde manner of lyuynge to be shamefull or a thynge dyshoneste But rather dyd take it for glorye and honnoure as men may see yet at thys presente daye of manye whiche exercyse the sayde Pyratycall or theuyshe crafte And that doth also declare it selfe by this that it is founde wryttone in manye Poetes â—hat whan the sayde people whiche inhabited the sea at that tyme dyâ— there encounter they demaunded th one of the other yf they were not theues By which it is good to vnderstand that they which made suche demaundes pretended that they dyd no vylleny to them to whome they dyd it nor toke it for shame to confesse it And yet at thys present daye in many quarters of Grece they kepe the selfe custome to wytte amonge the Ozelians that be in the countreye of Locriens amonge the Etholiens and the Acarnaniens whiche be in firme lande by occasyon wherof they were accustomed to go armed Whiche was thaâ— generall in all Grece for that that they had no suertye in theyr houses nor yet in theyr iourneys Wherfore they were constrayned for defence of theyr parsones to go alwayes armed lyke as all straungers do And in so muche as men maye yet nowe see that there arne many countreys in Grece whiche kepe thys manner of lyuynge it is to be presumed that it was auncyently the custome generall of all the Grekes Amonge whome the Athenyans were the furste that beganne to leue thys custome to go thus armed and so forsakyng that same maner of lyuynge they gaue them selfe to a cyuile and delycyous lyfe And it is not longe tyme passed sence the auncyent of the countrey truly they of moste reputacyon dyd were robes of lynnen clothe tryfles and muskballes of golde and theyr heares tourned and trimmed rounde by nethe And the same custome and maner of lyuynge hath bene vsed in Ionum by the accorde whiche they had with the Athenyans But the olde men sence that tyme there haue to thys present vsed a very small sort of habillementes And the LacedemonyaÌ„s which be most ryhe and moste pompous aswell in habillementes as in other maner of lyuynge go all apparaylled of one sorte the noble people as the â—oÌ„mone And they were the furste yâ— for to wrastelle spoylled or tourned theÌ„ selues all bare oynted them self wyth oyle where auncyently they which wold do lyke excersises in Olympe had before them lytle clothes to couer theyr pryueties and it is not lonâ—e tyme that they lefte to were them and the straungers do yet vse them specyallye the Aliatiques when they make the prize for the wrastelers fyghters For they receyued none yf they dyd not were breeches And in many other thynges it maye be shewed that the Grekes dyd in tymes past kepe those manners whiche the rude people nowe holde And to come agayne to our purpose of the cytyes of Grece those whiche of moste freshe memory were restoored and peopled specyally those that were ryche and had greate nomber of people hauntynge the sea buylded other cytyes vpon the portes and hauons of the sea and that they myght more suerly vse marâ—haundyse and also defende theÌ„selues froÌ„ their yll neyghbours they kept the straytes of the laÌ„de which were betwene two seas that is called Isthmos but the auncyent cytyes
And anone after the sayde twenty shippes aryued at the porte of Leucine where the Corcyryens were wythdrawen passynge ouer the deade and the broken peces of the shyppes that were brused drowned of which twenty shyppes Glaucō sōne of Leager Andocydes sonne of Leogorus had the conducte And for that that it was night the Corcyryens at the furste burnte were in doubte that they had bene ennemys But hauynge certen knowlayge of them they receyued them with greate ioye The morowe after the thirty shyppes of the Athenyans wyth them that were lefte hoole vnto the Corcyryens wente out of the poorte wyth theyr sayles displayed and came agaynst the porte of Sibota where the Corinthians were to see yf they would come agayne to battayle Who whan they sawe them so to come departed frō the porte into the mayne sea all in good order and there kepte themself sure only to defende them not willing to go to assayle thē For that that they feared the sayde shyppes newely comme which were all freshe and hoole and theyrs were greatly hurte or empayred at the battayle the day before and theyr people were busyed to kepe the prysonners that they had taken in the sayde battaile and also they coulde not refreshe themselues wyth any thynge in the place of Sibota where they were for that that it was deserte and barayne So they cared not but howe they might honnestly wythdrawe them self into theyr quarter fearyng that the Athenyans wolde not suffer them to departe from thence vnder coulour that they hadde broken the peace by that that they came to assayle thē the daye before So they deuysed to sende vpon a brygantyne some of theyr people towardes the sayde Athenyans withoute any heraulte for to espye what they wolde do Who spake vnto thē in this maner You do agaynst reasone lordes Atheniens to begynne warre vpon vs commyng directly agaynst the treatie of peace that we haue togidres and to let vs that we maye not chastyse oure subiectes And yf you be deliberated so to do and to empesthe vs that we maye not go agaynst the Corcyryens or ells where that we woll and by that meane will to declare your selues our ennemyes beginne with vs that be here intreat vs as enemys At which wordes the Corcyryēs that coulde vnderstande them beganne to crye all with one voice that they shuld be taken and all slaine incontinētly But the Athenians aunswered thē in this manner Lordes Peloponesians we perceyue not that we haue broken the treatie of peace whiche we haue with youe For we be not comme hyther to fyghte wyth youe but onely to defende and kepe the Corcyryens oure allyes Wherfore yf youe woll go anye where elles than into theyr lande we woll not trouble youe but yf you come to endomage theyme we woll defende them with our power which aunswere receyued by the Corynthians they prepared them self to retourne vnto their houses But before theyr departure they sett vp theyr Trophee in token of victory in the firme lande of Sibota And after theyr departynge the Corcyryens gathered togeder theyr brokenne shyppes and deade people whome the wynde from of the marreys had in the nyght dryuē to the shore of the sea euen as they aryued Afterwardes they set vp an other Trophee in signe of victory in the Islande of Sibota directly agaynste that same of the Corinthians For bothe parties pretended to haue had the victory To wytt the Corinthians for that that they kepte the sea vntyll nyght and gathered many shipwrackes of the shippes drowned and also great nomber of their deade people and further had taken more than a thousande prysonners and drowned aboutes threskoore tenne shippes with ennemys And the Corcyryens for that they had drowned about .xxx. shyppes with ennemys and gathered together the shipwrackes and theyr deade bodies aswell as they And moreouer for that the daye followyng hauing had the new ayde and strengthe of Athenyans they had offred them battayle and they durst not marche forwardes but were retyred In thys manner both partyes departed hauynge opynyon of the victory The Corinthians in theyr retourne toke sodenly and pryuely the towne and porte of Anactorye which is at the entrye of the Goulphe of Ambracie whiche poorte was common betwene them and the Corcyryens so they fournyshed it wyth theyr people And afterwardes retourned to Corynthe where beyng aryued they solde of the Corcyriens which they had prysonners aboutes eight houndred and two hundred and fyftye they reteygned ouer whome they set good watche trustyng by theyr meane to ouercome and recouer Corcyre For the more parte of the sayde prysonners were of the principall of the cytye Suche was the ende of the same furste warre betwene the Corynthyans and Corcyriens after the whiche the Corinthians retourned to theyr habytacyons The other quarells occasions of warre that happened betwene the Athenians and the Corinthians By meane wherof all the Peloponesians were assembled at Lacedemonye for to conclude warre agaynst the sayde Athenyans Cap. vi THe warre wherof we haue spoken was the chief occasyon of the same that was afterwardes betwene the Corynthians and the Athenyans For that the sayde Corinthians pretended that the same Athenyans had broken the treatye of peace with them by geuyng succours vnto the Corcyriens agaynste them Afterwardes there chaunced other occasyons to moue warre betwene the sayd Athenyans and all the Peloponesians which were these The Athenyans perceyuynge that the Corinthians wente aboute to reuenge them selues on them came to the towne of Potydea whiche is vpon the destrayte of Palenes was one of the Colonies of the same Corinthians and theyr subiect So they cōmaunded vnto the inhabitantes that they shuld rase downe their walle of the syde of Palenes And furthere to geue thē pleadges and to dryue away theyr gouernours and offycers whome the Corinthians called artifycers and sente theym euery yeare vnto them not to receyue them more from thence forwardes And this dyd they fearynge that the sayd Potydiās shuld haue declared agaynst them also caused the other allyes to declare which were in the coūtrey of Thrace at the procurement instigatiō of the Corinthians and alfo of Perdicas sonne of Alexander kynge of Macedonie who was newely become theyr ennemy although that before he was their frende and allye By meane of this that they had made amytie and alliance with Philippe hys brother and Dodras whiche hadde warre agaynst hym For feare of which allyaunce he wente to the Lacedemonians and had perswaded thē to make warre agaynste the Athenyans And so was allyed with the Corinthiens for to take into hys tuition the towne of Potyde And furthermore he practised with them of the countrey of Chalcyde that be in Thrace and with the Beotiēs for to cause them to rebell agaynste the Athenyans hopynge that yf through thayde of the same townes and countreys he myght brynge them to his allyance he
that Docres regarded them not retourned vnto theyr houses Whiche seynge the Lacedemonians wolde not sende other vnto them fearyng that those that they shulde sende theÌ„ shulde become worse lyke as they had experimented by Pausanias And moreouer they desyred gladly to be delyuered from the warre of the Medes And to leue the charge therof to the Athenyans who semed to them to be people mete to haue conduyte therof and also were than theyr good frendes The AthenyaÌ„s hauynge by thys meane taken the auctorytye and principalitie vpon the Grekes imposed and rated for euery of the cities confederated a certayne nomber of shyppes and a certayne quantytie of monney for defence of the countrey against the Medes And also to reuenge them of the euyls that they had done in the countreye of Grece Wherunto the sayde confederates dyd gentely agree for the great hatred that they hadde conceyued agaynste Pausanias And than treasourers and receiuours were furst created by the Athenians for to recouer and kepe the monney of that same imposte whiche they called Tribute And it was the furste that euer had bene imposed ouer the Grekes and yt amounted to the some of foure houndred threskoore talentes and the temple of Delos was chosen for to kepe it in And there the sayde confederates dyd make theyr assemblies and so euery of the confedered cytyes at the begynnynge did chose theyr Dukes and heades whiche dyd gouerne them accordyng to theyr lawes And they were all called and had theyr voyce in the common consultacyons that were made for the feates of warre The Athenians came to thys degre of rule and auctorytye by occasyon of warre with the Medes And for the deâ—yre that they had to do greater thynges But sythens the sayde warre vntyll this presente whereof we speake the sayde Athenyans dyd many greate feates aswell agaynst strauÌ„gers as agaynst theyr coÌ„federates that wolde haue made nouuelties and also agaiÌ„st certayne PeloponesiaÌ„s which in all the affayres of the sayd AthenyaÌ„s were willyng to withstande and hynder them The whiche matters I am mynded here to brynge in departynge somewhat from my narration for that that all they whiche haue writtonne before me haue omytted this parte makynge onely meÌ„tion of thynges that were done before the warre of the Medes or in the same warre And specyally Hellicanus who speaketh some thynge in hys hystorye of Athenyans and toucheth it compendyously without parfaictynge or makynge distinction of the tyme. Also it semeth vnto me conuenyent to make this narration for that that thereby it shal be vnderstande howe the Empyre of the Athenyans hath bene establishedde Of warres that the Carthagians had after that same of Medes vntyll this presente warre aswell agaynst the straungers as agaynste the Grekes by meanes whereof they increased theyr Empyre and auctorytie Cap. xii ANd furste vnderconducte of Cymon sonne of Mylciades they toke and pyllaged the toune of Eyonne which is vpon the ryuer of Strymonne that the Medes dyd kepe After they toke and fourraged the Isle of Scyre that is in the sea Egee and froÌ„ thence chased the Tollopes who kepte it and dyd inhabyte it with their people And after they had warre agaynste the Caristyans and other of the Isle of Eubee whome fynallye they subdued by treatie and successiuely the Naxiens that were rebelles against them who being conquered by force were the furst of the cyties confederated that the Athenyans brought into seruitude agaynst the fourme of the allyance And they dyd the lyke afterwardes vnto other which rebelled â—n lyke manner which many dyd by reasone of this that whan they faylled to fournish the nomber of shyppes or to paye the trybute that they had graunted or ells that they departed from the armye wythout lycence the Athenyans constrayned and punished theÌ„ rygourously which thing was to greuous for theÌ„ to â—ndure For that they had not bene accustomed to be so constrayned And neuertheles they sawe the Athenyans vse more auctoritie thaÌ„ they were accustomed that the warre was not egally made by reason of this that those AtheniaÌ„s had the power to coÌ„strayne theÌ„ that fayled wherof they themselues that were constrayned had bene cause for that that through stouthfulnes to go to warre and that they wolde not forsake their houses some amonge them had compounded to geue moneye in steade of shippes whiche they were bounde to fournyshe for theyr portion By meane wherof the power of the Athenyans waxed strong by sea and they abodde holy destitute of shyppes In suche sorte that whan afterwardes they woulde haue rebelled they founde themselues vnprouyded and coulde not resiste After these thynges the Athenyans and theyr confederates made warre agaynste the Medes And in one daye hadde two victoryes the one by lande nyghe the ryuer of Eurymedone in the countreye of Pamphilie and the other vpon the sea nyghe therunto vnder the conducte of Symon In whiche battayle by sea were taken and descoÌ„fyted all the shyppes and galleis of the Phenycians which were to the nomber of two houndred It chaunced anone after that the Thasians rebelled from the sayde Athenyans by occasyon that the same Athenyans made theyr estaple of marchaundyses and specyally of Iron in the quarter of Thrace whiche was on the other syde of the sea dyrectly agaynst them But the Athenyans sente thyder theyr armye by sea whiche descomfyted that same of the Thasians And afterwardes landed and assieged the cytye In thys selfe tyme they sente tenne thousande housholdes aswell of their citezeins as of theyr allyes to the quarter of Strymonne for to inhabyte wyth theyr people the towne whiche was than called neuf chemins and is nowe named Emphipolis and chased from thence the Edonians that held it But afterwardes those Athenians beyng entred further by lande into the countreye of Thrace were all descomfyted nyghe vnto Darasinque by the people of the countrey who were despleased that the sayde towne was so peopled with straungers In these affayres the Thasians that had bene ouercome by sea and were assieged by the Athenyans as is before sayde sente towardes the Lacedemonyans to requyre succoure prayinge theÌ„ that they wold enter into the countreye of the sayd Athenyans to thintent that they mighte be constrayned to rayse and breake theyr siege and go to succour theyr laÌ„de which thynge the Lacedemoâ—yans dyd secretely graunte to do and had parfourmed it had not bene a greate earthquake which happened in theyr countrey By meanes wherof they durste not enteryryse that warre And also it chaunced in the selfe same tyme that all the captyues of the Lacedemonyans that were in the quarter of Thuriate and of Eschee dyd flye vnto Ithome which slaues or captyues were for the more parte descended of thancyent Messenyens that were brought into captiuitie And herfore they were al called Messenyans By occasion wheroâ— the Lacedemonyans beganne warre agaynste them of Ithome and thereby coulde
the Athenyans that were in Megare yssued forth vpon them with so greate furye that they slewe all them that hadde sett vp the sayde Trophee and the other that shulde haue bene theyr faulsgarde they put to flyght Of whome a great parte in theyr sleyinge ranne into a felde closed wyth dyches so that there was none commynge fourthe which seyng the Athenyans dyd set at the entring a good bende of theyr men to kepe them that they retourned not backe And the other ennyroned the sayde dyche on all sydes and with strokes of stones slewe all them that were entred within which was a great plage to them of Corinthe though the reste of their people dyd saue themself within the towne Aboute the tyme that these thynges were done the Athenyans enterprysed and beganne to make two great and thicke walles that wente from the cytye Thone vntyl the port of Pyreus and the other vntyl the same of Phalere At which tyme the Phociens hadde their armye agaynst the Doryans froÌ„ whome the Lacedemonyans were nowe departed helde besieged thre of theyr townes to wytt Beon SytynyoÌ„ Erineon Wherof after that they had taken the one the LacedemoniaÌ„s sent to the succour of the said DoryaÌ„s Nicomedes sonne of Celobrotus who than gouerned the citie for in stede of Plistynates soÌ„ne of Pausanias kinge of LacedemoniaÌ„s with a thousand fyue houndredmen of their lande about ten thousand of their allies coÌ„federates NotwithstaÌ„ding before they aryued Understanding that the Doryans had rendred theÌ„self by composition vnto the CorinthiaÌ„s they retourned vnto their houses But they were in greate feare to be empesched by the AtheniaÌ„s yf they toke their voiage by sea for on the cost of the goulphe of Crissee the AtheniaÌ„s had great noÌ„ber of shyppes armed on the other coast of Geraine there was also daÌ„ger for that the Athenyans dyd holde Megare and fountaynes called Pegase and had there alwayes both people and shyppes And further the passage was harde and strayght and also they knewe that the Athenyans dyd there wayte for them For this cause they concluded for the moste expedyente to soiourne in the countreye of the Beotians vntyll suche tyme that they had better aduysed for theyr iourneye And also at the persuasion of some of the Athenyans suche as imagyned to chaunge the gouernaunce populair of the cytye of Athenes and to lett that the walles shulde not be parfaicted that were begonne But the Athenians that perceyued it came fourth agaynst the Lacedemonyans both olde and yonge to the nomber of a thousand and assembled of theyr allyes to the nomber of .xiiii. thousande aswel for that that it semed to them that theyr ennemys knewe not whyder to go as also for that that they greatly doubted that they were coÌ„me for to trouble theyr estate and common gouernaunce Besyde the sayd nomber certaine horsmen of the Thessalians came to ayde the sayde Athenians for the allyance that they hadde with them But they tourned to the other parte at the battayle that was made nyghe the towne of Tanagre in the countreye of Boece wherof the Lacedemonyans hadde the victorye notwithstandyng that there was greate manslaughter on bothe sydes After which victorye the Lacedemonians entered into the countreye of Megare and cut downe all theyr trees afterwardes toke theyr iourney by Gerayne and by the distraict of Peloponese and retourned into theyr houses But the Athenyans threskoore dayes after the sayd battayle loste retourned with a myghty power into the countreye of the Beotiens vnder the conduct of Myronides and hadde a victorye ouer them nyghe Enophite and by meane therof saysed themself of all the lande of Beoce and of Phocide and rased downe the walles of Tanagre and toke a houndredd hostages or pledges of the rychest of the Locriens and the Eponicens And also they fynyshed in the selfe tyme the two walles that they had begonne at Athenes for to extende vnto the two portes After thys the Egenytes were constrayned by lengthe of siege to render them selfe to the Athenians vpon these conditions that they shuld beate doune theyr walles geue ouer all theyr shyppes and yearely pay certayne trybute At departure from thence the Athenyans wente rounde about Peloponese and burned the fenses of the Lacedemonyans and toke from the Corinthians the towne of Calcibe After thys at theyr landynge they fought agaynste the Cycionyens which were comme thyder agaynst them and vainquished theÌ„ all which thynges were done in Grece by the Athenyans in the tyme that they had theyr armye in Egypte In whiche countreye they had many dyuers adueÌ„tures of warre And besydes thys the kynge of Perse from the begynnynge that he vnderstode theyr commynge into that same countrey sente one hys capitaine a Persian named Megabasus into Lacedemonye wyth a greate somme of moneye for to persuade the Lacedemonyans that they shulde by force enter into the lande of Athenes to thintent to dyuerte or tourne by thys meane the Athenians from Egypte But aâ—ter that the sayde Megabasus had spente one parte of the monneye and sawe that he nothyng preuayled he retourned with the rest into Egypte and sente an other capytayne named also Megabasus sonne of Zephirus Persian to the sayde countrey of Egypte with a great armye which beyng arryued hadde a battayle agaynst the Egyptyans whiche were rebelles agaynst theyr allyes in the which they were vainquyshed and the Grekes that were wythin Menphis were chased away who withdrewe themself into the Islande of Prosopyde whiche is in the Riuer of Nylus in the whiche the sayd Megabasus helde them besieged one yeare and an half Durynge whiche tyme he tourned the water from one of the sydes of the sayde Islande In such sorte that the shyppes of the sayde Athenyans laye on drye lande and that the Islande was ioyned to the fyrme lande And thys done Megabasus entred drye footed within the Islande with hys armye and discomfyted the Athenyans and by thys meane that whiche they had done in the sayde countreye of Egypte in siâ—e yeares was all loste at one instant togethers wyth the more parte of theyr people And the reste which was very smal saued themselues through the couÌ„trey of Lybye and came to aryue at Cyreâ—e And by thys meane the countreye of Egypte came agayne to the obeysance of the Kynge of Mede except the countrey that Amyrteus did holde for that that it was all maryce and forestes And moreouer the people of that regyon were all good warryours But Inarus kynge of Lybyens that had bene cause of all the rebellyon was taken by traysone and afterwardes hanged on the gallowes Duryng thys tyme fyfty galleys whiche the Athenyans sente to succoure theyr people in Egypte arryued at one of the armes or entrynge of Nylus named Mendesius not knowynge the dyscomfyture of theyr sayde people whiche were assauted on the lande syde by the people on foote that were there
and on the sea syde by the galleys of Phenycians In suche manner that the greater parte were drowned and the other saued themselfe with force of oores Suche ende and yssue toke the great armye and enterpryse of the Athenyans and of theyr allyes in the countreye of Egypte After the whiche Orestes sonne of Echratydes beyng chased from the countrey of Thessale by the kynge of the sayde lande named Phassalus had recours to the sayde Athenyans and perswaded them in suche wyse that they enterprysed to set hym agayne into the sayde countreye And so came with ayde of the Beocyans and Phocyans to lande in Thessale And toke that that was in fyrme lande nyghe the sea and kepte it so longe as they helde themself in battayle all togethers for the horsmen of the kynge withstood◠them to enter any further into the countrey By occasyon wherof seyng that they coulde take no stronge towne nor execute theyr enterpryse they retourned without doyng any other thynge but that they caryed Orestes wyth them Anone after a thousande Athenyans that were in the place of fountaynes named Pegase whiche they helde entered into theyr shyppes that they had there and came to arryue in Cycione vnder the conducte of Porydes sonne of Xantypus And beyng landed they descomfyted an armye of Syconiens that came to ouerrunne them This done they toke the Archers into theyr compaignye and passed through Acarnie for to comme to take the the cytye of Emade and so assieged it But seynge that they coulde not take it they retourned And thre yeares after they made truse for fyue yeares with the Peloponesians Duryng the whiche albeit that they kepte abstynence of warre in Grece yet they made an armye of two houndred shippes aswell of theyrs as of theyr compaygnyons wherof Cymon was chyef capytayne and they wente to aryue at Cypres being at which place they were called backe by Amyrteus king of the maryces and forestes of Egypte and so they sente to the sayde countreye of Egypte thre skore of theyr shyppes The reste remayned at the siege before the cytye of Cyrcye But beyng Cymon theyr capytayne there deade and they in greate necessitie of victuayles they departed from the sayd siege to haue retourned and sayllynge foranempste the cytye of Salamyne whiche is in Cypres they foughte aswell by sea as by lande agaynste the Phenycyans and agaynste the Ciliciens and had in bothe battaylles vyctorye and afterwardes they came againe into theyr countrey And also the other shippes of theyr bende whiche were gone into Egypte After thys the Lacedemonyans beganne the warre that was called consecrated and hauing taken the temple that is at Delphos dyd delyuer it agayne to the people of the towne But it taryed not longe that the Athenyans came thyder wyth a mightye armye whiche toke it agayne and delyuered it to kepe vnto the Phocians Anone after the bānyshed men that the Athenyans had chased from the countrey of Beoce hauyng occupyed Orcomenye Cheronee and some other townes of the sayde countreye the Athenians sente thyder a thousande men of theyrs with an other nomber of theyr allyes as they myghte redelye get them vnder the conducte of Tholmydas sonne of Tholmee And so toke agayne Cheronee and furnished it wyth theyr people And retournynge from thence they were encontred by the sayde bānyshed men Beotiens who had assembled the bānyshed of Eubee the Locres and some other takyng theyr partye who descomfyted them The more parte of them beyng slayne and the other taken prysoners By whose meane by deliuering of them the Athenyans made appointment with the sayde Beotiens restored them to theyr lybertie And by occasyon therof all the bannyshed and other that were gone from the sayd countrey retourned thyder incontinētly vnderstandynge to be set agayne into theyr former lybertye It taryed not longe after that the Islande of Eubee rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and so as Perycles whome the sayd Athenyans had sente with a greate armye for to brynge them into theyr obeysance was in hys iourneye for to go thyder he receyued newes that they of Megare were lykewyse rebelled and had slayne the garnysone of Athenyans that were wythin excepte a small nomber which saued them self at Nisee And those had gott one vnto theyr intelligence or confederation from the Corynthians the Sycionyans and the Epidauryens and moreouer that the Peloponesians shulde enter with great puissance into the lande of Athenes Understandyng the whiche thynges he lefte the Iourneye of Eubee and came agayne to Athenes but before that he arryued the Peloponosyans were nowe entred into the countreye Attique that is to say of Athenes and had fourraged and pylledall the lande from the cytye of Hellusyne vntyll the felde named Thrasius hauyng for theyr Duke and Capitaine Plistonactes sonne to Pausanias Kynge of Lacedemonyans And that done without passyng any further were retourned vnto theyr houses whiche seing the Athenyans dyd afresh sende Pericles with the armye into Eubee who subdued all the Islande by compositiō reserued the citie of Hescie which he toke by force And for that cause chased awaye from thence all the inhabitantes and inhabyted it with his people A◠retourne from that same cōqueste or very shortly after the appoinctment was made for thyrty yeares betwene the sayd Athenyans on the one partie and the Lacedemonians theyr allyes on the other partye through which those same Athenyans rendred Pysee les fountaynes Trezenie and Achaye whiche was all that which they dyd holde from Peloponese It chaunsed that the Sixt year after the sayde appointement great warre was moued agaynste the Samiās and the Mylesyans by reasone of the cytye of Pryene And seinge the Mylesyans that they were not myghtye or stronge ynough for theyr enemyes they sente to make theyr complaynctes towardes the Athenyans by consente and intellygence of some partyculer cytezeins of Samye that wente aboute to make an alteracyon or chaunge in theyr cytye At whose persuasyon the Athenyans wente wyth fourty shyppes agaynste the sayde cytye of Samye the sayd cytye of Samye And so brought it agayne to the gouernaūce of the cōmone estate and toke of them fyfty yonge infantes and fyftye men delyuered for hostages whome they lefte for paunde in the Islande of Lemne Afterwardes hauyng lefte theyr garnysone at Samye they retourned But anone after theyr departure some of the cytezeins whiche were not in the cytye whan the Athenyans had so oppressed it but perceyuyng theyr commynge were withdrawen into dyuers places in the mayne lande by consente and delyberatyon of the principall of the cytye made allyance with Pissuthnes sonne of Hiscapsis who than gouerned the cytye of Sardes And he sent them seuen houndred men of warre with whome they entred by nyght into the cytye of Samye dyd fighte agaynst the commons that had the gouernaunce In suche manner that they had the vpper hande
after that they vnderstode the chaunce that was happened at Platee commauÌ„ded all theyr allyes that they shuld kepe theyr people ready with apparayl that were necessarye for to issue vnto the felde at a daye named and to enter into the countrey of Athenes And after that thys was done two partes of all the cyties mett at one tyme in the destraict of Peloponese that is called Isthmos and sone after all the other arryued there who beyng there all assembled Archidamus kynge of the Lacedemonyans who was generall or chief of the armye called vnto hym all the offycers and pryncipallest of all the cytyes and spake vnto them in thys manner The narration of Archidamus Kynge of Lacedemonians ☞ The thyrde Chapter LOrdes Peloponesyans and youe other oure allyes oure auncestres haue had manye warres and made manye armyes aswell wythin the countreye of Peloponese as wythout and those amonge vs that be aged haue some experyence Yet we neuer yssued to the felde so puyssant nor with so greate apparayle for warre as at thys present Also we go agaynste a ryght myghtye cytye where there is lykewyse a great noÌ„ber of good warryours Wherfore we must shewe vs suche that we destayne not the glorye and renome of oure elders and of oure selues For all Grece is moued for thys warre and the more parte do long loke for our victorye for the hatred that they haue to the AthenyaÌ„s neuertheles we must not for that we be in right great nomber go agaynst our ennemyes in great hope that they dare not yssue agaynst vs leaue nor omyt any thynge of oure apparaylle but it is necessarye that euery one of vs aswell capytayne as conductor and souldyer be alwayes in feare to fall into any danger throughe hys faulte For the feate of warre is alwayes doubtfull And men fyght ryght oftentyme for a small matter and for dysdayne And many tymes the smaller nomber for the feare that it had hath vainquyshed the greater that contempnynge the ennemyes kepte not hys order Wherfore it is conuenyent whan we shall enter into the lande of oure ennemys to be ready and hardy but whan it shall comme to the dede men must prepare themselues in feare which doyng we shal be more ready for to assayle our ennemys and more assured to fyght And also we muste thinke that we go not agaynste a cytye weake and vnprouyded so that it cannot reuenge him selfe but agaynst the cytye of Athenes which is prouyded of all thynges And that they be people for to yssue agaynst vs. But at begynnynge as we shal enter into their lande by all meanes as to theyr syghte we woll ennemylike bourne pyllage it For al people that soubdaynely parceyue any thyng not accustomed to be done theyr dommage be moued to wrath and anger And those that do not theyr thynges by reasone ryght oftentymes do ouerthrowe themselues in the affaire as holy furious and madde And it is to beleue that the Athenyans do it more than other people for that that they thinke that it apperteigneth to theÌ„ to gouerne other and to destroye the lande of other men rather than they shuld come to destroye theyrs Wherfore you must followe them that shall conducte youe in thys enterpryse in great esperance of victorye aswel for the vertue and reputacyon of oure auncestres as also for ours And neuertheles hauynge regarde that youe go agaynste a ryght puyssant cytye yâ—ue holde youe alwayes affected and prouyded for all chaunces that might comme And moreouer haue alwayes in remembraunce to be appoincted as apperteigneth euery man for himself and furthermore to kepe youe well and to execute redely that that youe shal be commaunded For it is a fayer thynge and of a greate suertie for a greate bende where there is great nomber of people to see them al appoincted with one obedyence After that Archidamus had this spoken and that the counsayle was resolued he sente again Melesippus sonne of Diacrytus of Sparte to Athenes for to vnderstande yf they wolde not speake more humbly perceyuinge the enemies ready to enter into theyr lande But they wolde not admyt the sayde Melesyppus into theyr senate nor yet into theyr cytye But sente hym from thence agayne wythoute hearynge for that that the opynyon of Perycles was greatest by whiche it was sayde that heraulde nor Ambassadoure shulde be receyued froÌ„ the enemyes sence that they were yssued in armes agaynste them And also they caused to be commauÌ„ded to the sayde Melesyppus to departe theyr lande within a daye and to saye to them that had sente hym thyder that they shulde not sende agayne vnto them any parsone excepte furste that they were retourned into theyr countrey And moreouer gaue hym people for to conducte him backe through theyr countreye and to kepe hym that he spake to no man Who beyng comme to the borders of theyr countreye so as they that conducted hym wolde lycence hym he spake vnto them these wordes wythoute more Thys iourney shal be begynnyng of many greate euyls in Grece And after that he was come agayne to the campe Archidamus vnderstandynge that the Athenyans had nothynge asswaged of theyr hygh courayge caused hys armye to disâ—odge and entred into the lande of Athenyans And on the other syde the Beotiens into the lande of Platee pyllaged it wyth an other bende For the Lacedemomonyans had departed to the Peloponesyans one parte of the hoste and thys was done before that the other were all assembled in the destrait of Peloponese And this much to shew howe they assembled to enter into the lande of Athenes Howe after the perswation and exhortacyon of Pericles to the warre the Athenyans that dwelled in the feldes wythdrewe them selfe and theyr goodes into the cytye and dysposed them selfe vnto the affayres of the warre ☞ The .iiii. Chapter WHan Pericles sonne of Xantyppus the tenth Duke of Athenyans vnderstode that the ennemyes were entred into the sayde lande doubtyng hym selfe for that that Archidamus had bene lodged in hys house that he wolde defende to hys people that they shulde do no dammage to the landes and houses that he had without eyther for curtesye and of hymselfe or elles by commaundement of the Lacedemonyans for to put that same Perycles into suspytion of the people as they were lately minded to do demaundyng that he shulde be dryuen oute of the cytye for to pourge the sacrilege wherof hath bene spoken he aduaunced hymself therof to speake to the assemblye of the cytye Declarynge vnto them though Archidamus had ben hys geste yet that shulde not redounde to the dommage of the cytye And that yf it chaunced that the houses and possessyons of other cytezeins were burned that hys were presarued he wolde geue them vnto the coÌ„munaltye to the entente that no suspytyon shulde be conceyued agaynst hym for that matter And so he exhorted more ouer the people as he had done before to be ready and apparayled for the warre to brynge all
sonne of Sitalces who had bene made cytezein of Athens that he ought to take the sayd Ambassadours other aboue named to rendre them vnto theÌ„ for that that they wente to the kynge for to treate somethyng against the sayd citie At whose persuasyon the sayd Ladocus dyd sende hys men after them Who fouÌ„de them at the sea syde where they were willing to embarque themself from theÌ„ce toke them Afterwardes they brought them backe to the said Sadocus who delyâ—ered theÌ„ vnto the Ambassadours of Athenes and they caryed theÌ„ vnto Athens And sone after the Athenians fearing that Aristeus who had bene cause auctour of all the affaires that they had hadde at Potyde in Thrace shulde yet ymagine moreouer some thynge against them yf he eskaped they caused him all the other to dye the same day wtout any proces without hearing the thing which they wolde declare And afterwardes dyd cast theÌ„ frome the height of the walles downe into the dyches For by that meane they thought with good cause that they did vengeaunce for their citezeins other their allyes marchantes whiche the Lacedemonyans had taken vpon the sea after that they had caused them to dye had lykewyse caste theim into their dytches For from the begynnyng of the warre those Lacedemonians dyd holde for ennemys all those that they did take vpon the sea whyder they helde the partye of Athenians or that they were newter caused them to dye without remissyon Aboute the ende of that same somer the Ambrasiens hauinge taken with them one good bende of straungers wente agaynst the Argyens which be in the countrey of Amphilochie againste all the said countrey for a questyon which they had newly had with theÌ„ And by thys occasyon Amphilochus sonne of Amphiarus who was of the cytye of Argos in Grece at his retourne from the warre of Troye wolde not retourne into hys countrey for the trouble sorowe that he had there so wente to the goulphe of Ambracie whiche is in the countrey of Epyre there made a citie whiche he named Argos in remembraunce of the same wherof he was and he added vnto it for surname Amphilotique he named the whole countreye Amphilochie which was right puyssant of people amonge all the other cities of the countrey of Ambracie But by succession of tyme hauing many questyons with theyr voisins neighbours they were constrayned to retyre and take the Ambracyâ—ns theyr neighbours into their citie compaignye Which brought them thaÌ„ furst the Grekishe language In suche sorte that they all dyd speake that same language For afore they were straungers as the other Amphylocyens yet be the cytye excepted Afterwarde by successyon of tyme the Ambratians chased the Argyues oute of the cytye kepte it alone who beyng expulsed wente towardes the Acarnanyans and gaue them selfe vnto them and altogether to wytt the Acarnanians and the Amphilochiens came to demaunde ayde of the Athenians for to recouer the sayd cytye who sente them Phormio with .xxx. shyppes which toke the cytye and pyllaged it and after lefte it to the Acarnanyans and to the Amphilochiens togethers By occasyon wherof the allyance dyd than furste begynne betwene the Athenyans and the Acarnanyans and the questyon and enemytye betwene the Ambracyens and the Amphilochiens of Argos for that that the same Amphilochiens reteigned at that pryze many prysoners of the sayde Ambratiens who in tyme of thys warre whereof we speake assembled a greate armye aswell of theyr owne people as also of Chaonyens and of other strauÌ„gers theyr neyghbours and wente thyder to descende before the cytye And they pyllaged all the territorye therof But they coulde not take it and so retourned into theyr houses These thynges were done that same sommer At begynnynge of wynter the Athenyans sente twenty shyppes into the countreye of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Phormio who departing froÌ„ the porte of Naupacte watched that no shyppe myght passe nor enter nor also departe fro Corinthe nor from Crissee other sixe they sente vnder conducte of Melessander into Carie and into Lycie for to recouer moneye of them and to defende that the marchaÌ„tes shyppes of the sayde Athenyans shulde not be spoyled and oultraged by theÌ„ of Plaselide and of Phenice Melessander nowe beyng landed in the countrey of Lycie he was by this enemyes vainquished and slayne togedres wyth one part of hys people In the selfe same sommer the Potydyens seyng that they coulde no longer holde and kepe theyr towne agaynst the Athenyans that had so long kepte it assieged for the necessyte of darthe famyne wherin they were whiche was so extreme that amonge other fylthy and abhomynable thynges that they dyd eate there were that dyd eate the one the other and seynge also that for all the warre that was made agaynste the sayde Athenyans that they dyd not retyre from the sayde siege they came to speake wyth the Capytaynes of the said siege for the Athenians which were Xenophon sonne of Eurypedes Eristiodus sonne of Aristocles and Phynomachus sonne of Callymachus and rendred themself vpon these conditions that they of the sayde towne togethers with theyr men of warre straungers shulde departe and comme fourth euerye of the men wyth one garment and the women wyth twayne and moreouer euery one hadde a certayne somme of moneye to go fromthence the whiche composytyon the said capytaynes dyd accepte consyderynge the incommoditie wherin theyr hoste was by reasone of the wynter and also the greate some of monney whiche that same siege had nowe coste whiche amounted to more than two thousande talentes Thus the PotydyeÌ„s departed from thence vnder saulue conducte into the couÌ„trey of Chalcyde euery one the best that he myght wherwyth the Athenians were ryght euyll contented saying that they myght haue had it at theyr wylle and yf they wolde And yet neuertheles they sente thyder of theyr citezeyns for to people and inhabyte it All whiche thynges were done in that same wynter whiche was the ende of the seconde yeare of that warre which Thucidides hath wrytten Howe the citie of Platce was by the Peloponesians assieged battred and assayled and by the cytezeins declared ☞ The .xii. Chapter THe sommer ensuynge the Lacedemonyans and theyr allyes came agayne no more into Attique but they wente before the citie of Platee vnder the conduct of Archidamus king of Lacedrmonians And they hauyng nowe planted their siege before the towne and willing for to pyllage and waste the countrey the citezeins sente their ambassadors vnto them which dyd speake in thys manner Archidamns and you other Lacedemonyans youe do euill and against your honnour and the honnour of your fathers to come enemylyke into oure lande and to assiege our citye For Pausanyas Lacedemonyan sonne of Cleombrotus who delyuered Grece from the domynation of the Medes with the Grekes that toke the adnenture of the bataile in our lande hauynge made
had not foote men to matche wyth the Thracyans they assembled certayne good nomber of horsemen of theyr neyghbours which dwelled in the mouÌ„taignes And although that they were in much lesse nomber than the ennemys yet they came to assaylle them And on that syde where they charged vpon them nothynge abodde them For they were good warryours and well armed But beynge sone enuyroned by the greate nomber althoughe that they for a certayne space defended themselues yet seyng that aâ— lengthe they coulde not resiste agaynst so greate a nomber they retyred and in that conflicte Sytalces dyd speake vnto Perdicas and shewed hym the causes for whiche he made warre agaynste hym After that Sytalces seynge that the Athenyans were not come wyth theyr armye by sea lyke as they had promysed but onely had sente towardes hym theyr Ambassadours with certayne guistes thinkynge that he shulde not haue enterprysed nor executed that same warre sente one parte of hys armye into the quarter of Bottiens and one other into the same of Chalcydians who perceyuing the comminge of thennemyes were retyred into theyr townes and suffred them to waste and pyllage theyr countrey And he beynge in the same quarter the Thessalyans that inhabyt on the southe syde the Magnetes and the other that be vnder the Empyre of the sayde Thracyans Ioynynge to Thermopyles fearynge that he woulde come vpon them putt them selues in armure And lykewyse they that inhabyted in the plat countreye beyonde the mounte Strymon on the southe syde and also the Panyans the Odonians the Droyans and the Dersians all whiche be people lyuynge in lybertye And of the other parte the bruyte was amonge the Grekes ennemyes of Athenyans that the same Sytalces for the allyance that he hadde wyth the same Athenyans had vnder couloure of that warre of Macedonie assembled that armye for to come agaynste them in fauor of the sayde Athenyans Wherevpon the sayde Sytalces parceyuynge that he came not to the ende of that which he had enterprysed and dyd nothynge but waste the countrey wythoute conquerynge it also that victuailes fayled hym and that wynter drewe nyghe by the counsayle and perswatyon of Senthes sonne of Spardocus who was hys cousynne Germayne and the chyefe and most puyssant of hys armye next hymselfe determyned to retourne assonne as he coulde Nowe had Perdicas gotten secretely the sayde Senthes to be hys frende by meane that he had promysed to geue hys suster vnto hym in maryage togeders wyth a greate somme of monneye By this meane than Sitalces after that he had taryed .xxx. dayes and no more in the couÌ„treye of the enemies wherof he had consumed .viii. whole entier daies in the countreye of Chalcyde he retourned into hys royaulme wyth hys armie Aâ—d anone after Perdicas insuynge hys promys dyd geue Stratonice hys suster vnto Senthes in maryage The enterpryse of Sytalces dyd take such yssue and effecte Of certayne exploites of warre that Phormyo dyd in the countrey of Acarnanie and of the begynnyng of the same countrey ☞ The .xx. Chapter IN that self same wynter whereof we speake after tharmye by sea of the Peloponesians was retyred and disseuered Phormyo with the people that he had at Naupacte in armes sailled towardes Astace beynge there arryued sett on lande thre houndred of hys maroners all armed wyth asmany Messenians with whome he entred into the countrey mediterraine of Acarnanie And oute of the townes of Strate of Coronte and out of many other he chased the inhabytantes that semed vnto hym to be affectioned or partyes wyth the Peloponesyans And after that he had sett agayne Cynetes sonne of Theolyte within Coronte he retourned into hys shyppes with hys people and durste not go agaynste the Oeniades who onely amongest the Acarnanyans had alwayes bene ennemyes of the Athenyans For feare that he had to demoure and tary there in wynter seasonne For that that the ryuer of Achilous which descendeth out of the mount Pyndus and passeth by the Dolopyans by the Amphilochiens by the plat countrey of Acarnanie and through the cytye of Strate and after by the countrey of Oeniades and than commeth to descende into the sea retourneth ryght agaynste the towne of the sayde Deniades In such sorte that the countrey there is almoste not habytable in wynter for men of warre By cause of the contynuall crekes and washynges away of the earthe that it causeth And also there be dyrectly agaynste the regyon of Oeniades certayne of the Isles Eschinadians whiche be very lytle dyfferente frome the ouerflowynges of Achelous For by the earth that the ryuer whiche cometh frome the mountaygnes as it were a floude doth carye thyder some of the same do ioygne vnto the mayne lande and the people of the countreye do beleue that by successyon of tyme they so shall ioygne togeder For that that it oftentymes reygneth there whereby the ryuer groweth very grosse which caryeth alway a great quantyte of sande Also the Isles there be very thicke or nygh ioyned togeder so that well nyghe the one maigneteygneth the other togeder by meanes of the refuse that the ryuer bringeth thyder not by order in a range For than the force of the ryuer wolde breake it But one tyme in one place an other tyme in an other so that men coulde skarcely departe frome the same Isles into the sea and also they be small rude and deserte And it is sayd that whaÌ„ Alcmeon sonne of Amphiaraus had slayne hys mother beynge by contynuall tourment of horryble visions constrained to wander through the worlde and coulde not arreste in any parte he was admonyshed by the oracle aunswere of the God Apollo to go to inhabyte in that laÌ„de For the said oracle aunswered hiÌ„ in thys manner that he shulde neuer be delyuered from those fearefull vysyons vntyll that tyme that he had founde for to inhabite the regyon that hadde not bene sene of the sonne that had not bene lande before the death of hys mother For that that all other lande was prophane vnto hym accursed for the mysdede of murder that he had comytted in the parsone of hys mother Who after that he had longe studyed howe that he might fynde thys lande aduysed with himself that iâ—â— was the ouerflowinges of Achelous In which place after the death of hys mother was increased by the alluuyons or ouerwashynges lande ynoughe for hys habytacioÌ„ besydes that which was there before by meanes that he had now erred wandred aboutes a longe tyme after the death of hys mother And so he inhabyted raigned there nygh vnto the quarter where be at thys presente the Oeniades And by cause of hys sonne named Acarnanus he called that regyoÌ„ Acarnanie Thys is that which we haue vnderstaÌ„ded of AlcmeoÌ„ And for to retourne to our hystorye Phormion being with the Athenians that he brought agayne out of the countrey of Acarnanie vnto Naupacte went in the beginning of the fyrste spring
hostages and pledges to wytte the Olpiens And some othere wolde not do the one nor thoder to wyt the Hyeniens vntill that theire towne named Polis was takene by force Hauyng than Eurilochus set in order all his case and sente his hostages and pledges into the towne of Cytyme in the countrey of Dorie he marched with his hoste throughe the countrey of Locryans for to go agaynste Naupacte And in iourneyinge he toke by force in the saide countrey of Locres the towne of Eneone and that same of Eupolion whyche woulde not obeye hym Beynge arryuedde in the lande of Naupacte entred the succours of the Erholyens And so they beganne to pyllage and waste all the saide lande and all the vyllages that were not walled Afterwardes they wente bifore the cytie of Molictyon whsche was a Colonie or habitacion of the CorinthiaÌ„s but neuerthelas they toke part with the Athenians and soo toke it by force Nowe Demosthenes Athenyan was yet in that quarter of Naupacte whoe kepte hymselfe there after the losse that he had had in Etholie This same man vnderstandinge the commynge of the enemys weÌ„te vnto the Acarnanyens and perswaded them so farre that they did delyuer him a thousand meÌ„ armed which he ledde by sea vnto the citie of Naupacte wherof he was in greate doubte for that that it was well walled of so greate defence But there was not many people wtin it Howbeit the Acarnanyans did this againste their wil at the request of the said Demosthenes for the displeasure that they had against him for that he wolde not assiege Leucade whan Eurilochus did vnderstaÌ„de that the succours were entred into the cytie that by that meane he might not take it he departed fromthence with his armye and wente not into Peloponese but into Eolide whiche is at this presente called Calydon and into Pleâ—â—â—rone and other places nigh adioygninge to the countrey of Etholie And beinge there the messengers of the Ambraciens came to hym whyche shewedde hym that if he woulde he might wyth their ayde subdue and gette the cytie of Argos and the remenant of the countreye of Amphilochie and afterwardes that same of Acarnanie And that done that he mighte easely brynge to the allyaunce of the Lacedemonyans all the countrey of Epire. For this cause and vnder hope of thys enterpryse Eurylochus passedde not further into the countrey of Etholyans attendynge the succours of the Ambracyens And in the meane tyme the sommer passedde At the entrynge of wynter the Athenyans that were in Sycile wyth theire allyes and all those that dydde take their partie agaynste the Syracusayns came to assaylle the Cytye of Nyse In the Castell whereof the Syracusayns didde kepe theire garnysonne but seinge that they coulde not take it they departedde And in wythdrawynge theymselfe the people that were in the Castell issuedde fourthe vpon the hyndermoste and so dydde putte theyme into disorder and did slay a good nomber of theym After that Laches and the other that were in the shippes yssued fourthe into the lande of Locryens nighe vnto the ryuer of Caicinus At whyche place they encountredde the Locryens whyche Prorenus sonne of Capaton did conducte who repoulsed theym and toke three houndredde of theym and spoyledde them And afterwardes suffredde theme to departe In that selfe same wynter the Athenyans ensuinge some oracle or aunswere of the god didde puresie and dedicate the Isle of Delos Whiche a longe tyme afore Pysistratus the Tyrante had pourged and purified and yet not all But onely that partie that mighte be sene oute of the temple But than it was hooly pourged by this manner For they dyd take awaye all the sepulcres that they there founde And made a decree and forbodde that fromthence fourthe no humayue creature shulde be suffredde to dye nor to be borne in all the Isle But that they that shulde drawe nigh to death shulde be caryed into the Isle of Rhenie The whyche ys so nere to that same of Delos that Polycrates Tyrante of Samyens who gouerned many Islandes of that seaâ— for that he was puissante wyth shippes hauinge takenne that same Isle made a chayne that trauersedde and went thwart ouer from thence vnto the Isle of Delos And consecratâ—dde all the Isle to god Apollo And after that last purification the AthenyaÌ„s dedycated in the honnour of god Apollo one solempne feaste frome fyue yeares into fyue yeares Notwythstandinge that auncyently yt was accustomedde ther to make greate feastes wherunto came the Ionyans and the inhabitantes of other Isles nighe adioygninge with their wyues and childrenne lyke as they nowe doo in Ehesus And there they vsed tourneyinges wrastlinges and other exercises and also al maner of playes wyth instrumentes of musicke as it may appere by that whiche Homere sayth in his Proheme of Apollo wherin he maketh mention of himself that he was blynded and that he remayned in Chio. Yet afterwardes by succession of tyme the sayde tourneynges and exercyses cessed and they wente no more thider but wyth instrumentes of musicque whyche the Athenyans those of the Isles nighe adioynynge brought thider to the solempne feastes But than the Athenyans brought them vp agayne And also added the coursing with horses whiche had bene there neuer bifore How Eurilochus and the Ambrasians were by Demosthenes by the Acarnanyans and Amphilochiens discomforted two tymes in three dayes anâ— of the slouthfulnes that the sayde Lacedemonyans vsed towardes the sayde Ambrasians ☞ The .xvi. Chapter IN that same wynter the Ambracyans came into the Campe wyth their armye like as they had promysed to Eurylochus And being entred into the lande of Argos in the countrey of Amphilochie wyth thre thousande faightinge men they toke the towne of Olpas whiche was situated vpon a poyncted hill and had a greate wall to the sea syde whereupon the Acarnanyans founders of that towne did chose their trybunall for to iudge and knowe of common matters for that that it was not distante fro the cytie of Argos but the space of twenty stades whyche parceyuedde by the AcarnanyaÌ„s they sente parte of their people for to succour and kepe the cytie of Argos And wyth the othere parte they wente to lodge themselfe in a place whiche is in the countrey of Amphilochie named Erenus for to defende that the Peloponesians that were wythe Eurylochus shulde not passe into Ambracie and ioygne them self with the Ambracians whom they knew not And fourthwyth they sent to Demosthenes whyche was duke of the Athenyans in the countrey of Ethiole that he shuld comme to them to be their capytayne And to Aristoteles sonne of Tymocrates Hiorophon sonne of Arimnestus that had conducte of twenty galleys wyth Athenyans who than were aboute the countreye of Peloponese that they shuld come to their succours On the other syde the Ambracyans that were at Olpas sente to their cytie that all the
Heraclien by a soubdayne breache and inundacion of the sayd ryuer that commethe out of the mountaignes he loste all hys shippes and came fromethence with his people by lande trauersyng the countreis of Bythinie and of Thrace whiche is beyonde the sea of the coste of Asia vnto the citie of Chalcidonie whiche is at the mouthe of the sea of Pontus apperteignyng to the Megarians In that same somer Demosthenes Duke of the Athenians departyng from Megare came with fortye shippes into Naupacte for to execute the enterprise whiche he Hippocrates had made togiders with certein Beotiens Which was to reduce the estate of that same countrey to the gouernance of the comon people like as that same of Athens was Of which coÌ„spiracie was principall author conductor a citizene of Thebes that had bene bannyshed named Priodorus And they had determined to execute it in this maÌ„ner That is that those Beotians shulde by treasone surrendre to the Athenians one towne named Syphas Whiche is in the territorie of the citie of Thespie in the goulphe of the sea Crissee And on the other syde some other shulde haue delyuered them one other towne named Chironee whiche were subiect to the Orchomenians by the ayde of the bannyshed men of the sayd citie of Orchomenie Who had soulded waged certaine men of warre being Peloponesians Nowe is the sayd towne of Cheronee in thextreÌ„myties fourthest parte of the couÌ„trey of Beoce Directly anempst Phanotide in the countrey of Phociens partely inhabited with the sayd Phocians On the other syde that the Athenians shuld occupie take the temple of Apollo in the towne of Delos in the countrey of Tanagrians of the coste of Eubee All the whiche enterprises shulde be executed on one daye therfore named To thintent that the Beotians vnderstandyng the takyng of the other townes and fearyng to bee in their oune houses shulde not be so bolde to come to succour Delos And the sayd Athenians thought that if their enterprise myght come to effect so that they myght enclose the temple of Delos with a walle they might easely trouble the estate the gouernance of the Beotians If not soubdainly yet at the least with the tyme kepyng garnisones within the sayd townes that they would ouerronne and pillage the countrey And furder hauing withdrawen thider all the bannyshed men and other nigh adioyignyng the Athenians myght at tymes sende thider succoure to them that were withdrawen thider And the Beotiens not hauing a sufficiente armye for to resist myght geue them lawe and manner to lyue at their wylle and pleasure And thenterprise shulde be executed in suche sorte For Hippocrates that ledde and conducted the footemen shulde at a day named departe from Athens and enter into the lande of the Beotians And on the other syde Demosthenes was gone to Naupacte with foortye shippes for to assemble people of the countrey of Acarnanâ—e and of other adioignyng to them shulde be the selfe daye at Syphas for to entre into it by the meane of the prattique Hauing than Demosthenes assembled a great nomber of people aswell of Eniades as of other Acarnanians and also of other allyes Athenians that were come to be there from all costes he went first lo lande at Salynthe and at Agree where they looked and attended also for other people and prepared themself for to come to his enterprise at Syphas at the daye ordeigned Nowe happened it that in that selfe ryme Brasidas that was gone with a thousande fyue houndred footemen for to geue order to the affaires of the countrey of Thrace being come into the citie of Heraclee in the couÌ„trey of Trachine he damauÌ„ded of the frendes which he had in the couÌ„trey of Thessale that they shulde come to accoÌ„paignie hym that he myght passe suerly So there came to hym Panerus of Dorie Hippolochidas of Thorile Strophacus of Chalcide and certaine other Thessalyans whiche were in the towne of Melyte in the countrey of Achaye and conducted hym And lykewyse Niconidas of Larisse parent of Perdicas kyng of Macedonie came to him for that selfe cause For otherwyse it had not bene possible for the sayd Brasidas to passe through the same countrey of Thessale muche lesse than at any other tyme though alwayes bifore that there was danger in it somuche yâ— more doubt was therin that he was in armure For therby he had brought into suspicion yâ— people of the countrey that toke parte with the AtheniaÌ„s Whereby if Brasidas had not had the conduct of the geeatest of the couÌ„trey which had accustomed to gouerne the people more by force thaÌ„ by auctoritie iustice he coulde neuer haue passed And yet neuertheles he had muche busines with them For those that toke parte with the Athenyans mett with hym at the riuer of Empee for to empesche stoppe hys passage saying that it was oulrage iniury for him to passe wtout hauing saulfconducte of the people of the countrey Whereunto those of the countrey that coÌ„ducted him answered theÌ„ that the said Braâ—idas the people would not passe by force But that being there aryued soubdainly as their freÌ„des they ought to suffre theÌ„ to passe And Brasidas himself sayd that he was their frendeâ— and passed through their countrey not for to offende theÌ„ but only for to go agaynst the AtheniaÌ„s ennemyes of the Lacedemonians knewe not that there was any enmytie betwene the Thessalyans the Lacedemoens whereby the one myght not passe through the countrey of the other And that he would not as in dede he coulde not passe thorough theirs against their willes But he prayed them hartely that they would not empesche nor hinder hym And by those woordes they retourned he passed at his pleasure Notwithstanding those that did conducte hym counsailled that he shulde passe with the most diligence that he coulde through the rest of the couÌ„trey without aresting in any parte To thintent that he gaue no time leasure to the other paysantes to assemble togider which thing he did In suche sorte that the self day that he was departed from Mylett he came vnto Pharsale lodged his campe nigh to the Ryuer of Apidane And fromthence he came into Phacie fro Pharsa into Perebie In which place those that had conducted him thider lefte him And was conducted by the Perebiens who be of the seigniorie and empire of the Thessalians vnto Dyon which is a towne vnder the mount Olimpus in the countrey of Macedonie on the coste of Thrace in thobeissance of Perdiccas In this manner Brasidas trauersed the countrey of Thrace bifore that any tyme was had for to empesche or lett his passage And he went vnto Perdiccas who was in Chalcide whiche Perdiccas the other Thraciens that were reuolted turned against the Athenians vnderstaÌ„ding their prosperitie fearing to be by them
was vsed to them that had had the victorye of a battaille But he arested not longe there but hauing left with theÌ„ a small garnisone he retourned thither from whence he came And sonne after he retourned thider with a greate armye To thintent to assaye if he myght with their ayde gett MeÌ„de and Potydee bifore the Athenians shuld come to their succours as he doubted that they would do But hauyng already made the treatie with certayne of the sayd townes bifore that he executed it there came vnto hym out of a galley Aristonymus from the partie of the Athenians And Atheneus from the partie of the Lacedemonians who notefyed vnto hym the trefues By occasion whereof Brasidas retourned fromethence to Torone At which place the sayd Ambassadours declared vnto hym more amply the tenour of the tratie Whiche was approued and receyued by all the allyes that were in Thrace aswell on the one partie as of the other But Aristonimus though that he approued all the sayd treatie yet he sayd that the Scyonyans were not therein comprised forsomuche as they rebelled after the date of the trefues Whereunto Brasidas did replye and maignteigned that they rebelled bifore And for effect sayd that he would not rendre them so that the matter or thyng remayned as broken And after that Aristonymus hadde reaported that same at Athens al the Athenians were of opinioÌ„ to begyn warre against the sayd Scyonians and dyd prepare themself for to make it Whiche thing being come to the knowlage of the Lacedemonians they sent vnto theÌ„ ambassade shewyng them that they went agaynst the treatie And that wrongfully they would recouer the sayd ctie of Scyone vpon the reasons that Brasidas did shewe and that if they would go thider by force those Lacedemonians and their allyes would defende the sayd Scionians But if they would that the matter were putt and referred to knowliage and into iudgemente they were there with well contented whereunto the Athenians made answere that they would not putt their estate in hazarte of iudgemente but were determyned to go agaynst the sayd Scyonyens as fast as they coulde thinking and holding it for certaine that if they of the Islandes would rebelle the succours of the Peloponesians by lande coulde in nothyng sarue them And for trouthe the Athenians had good quarelle as touchyng that For it was certaynly founde that the rebellion of the Scioniens was two dayes after the conclusion of the treatie This was the decree of the greater parte and opinion of the Athenians made in followyng thaduys of Cleon that men shoulde go to take Scyone and slaye all the Citizens And therevnto they prepared themself But in the meane tyme the cytie of Mende rebelled lykewyse whiche is in the countrey of Pallene inhabited and founded by the Ericrians Whiche Brasidas receyued lykewyse perswadyng hymself to do nothynge agaynste reasone though that it was done duryng the trefues forsomuche as the Athenians dyd lykewyse the contrarye Whiche was the reasone whereby those of Mende hadde takene boldenes for to rebelle knowynge the wylle and deliberacion of Brasidas and also seinge the experyence of the Scionians whome he would not forsake And also considering that though that they that hadde brought to passe the treatie of the rebellion were in small nomber and had greate feare to execute it yet they lefte not to essaye it and fearyng to be discouered had wonne the other that were the greater partie albeit that it was contrarye to theyr expectacion The Athenians beinge aduertised of this rebellion were yet more prouoked and stirred and prepared themself for to go to destroy the sayed two rebelled cyties But in the meane tyme that they made their preparacions and afore that they aryued Brasidas hadde withdrawen the women and childrene out of the same two cyties And hadde caused them to be caryed into the countrey of Chalcyde And also sente vnto the succours of the cytizens fyue houndred Peloponesians and so many Chalcidians all well armed vnder the charge of Polydamydas who attending the comyng of the AtheniaÌ„s prouyded for the fortificacion of the sayed two townes by one comon accorde in the beste manner and facion that they coulde Howe Brasidas and Perdiccas hauing takene certene landes from Archibeus vnderstandyng that the Illyrians came to ouercome them departed secretely And howe Brasidas being forsaken by the sayd Perdiccas and his bende saued hymself from the Illyriens and howe Perdiccas and Brasidas became ennemyes ☞ The .xvii. Chapter THis tyme enduryng Brasidas and Perdiccas went agaynst Archibebeus into Lynceste to wytt Perdiccas with a good bende of MacedoniaÌ„s and of other Grekes inhabityng the sayd countrey and Brasidas with the rest of the PeloponesiaÌ„s that he had with some Chalcydians Achanthians and other of the confederated cyties so that there were footemen in al about three thousande and horsemen aswell Macedonians as Chalcydians aboutes a thousande besydes a great nomber of straungers that did followe them Being than entred into the countrey of Archibeus and vnderstandyng that the Lyncestians were imparked and incamped in the fielde they also did the like and planted their campe directly against the other aither of theÌ„ vpon an hil to wytt the footemen on high and the horsemeÌ„ alowe which horsemen anone came to elkarmusche in the playne that was bitwene the two hilles And it was not longe tyll that Brasidas and Perdiccas caused their footemen to discende frome the hille And firste came to ioigne themself with their horesemen readye to fyght Whiche parceyuynge the Lyncestians they dyd the lykeâ— so that they came to battaille But those Lnycestians were sone repoulsed and put to flyght Wherein there was a greate nomber of them â—layne The other retyred into the mountaigne And that done Brasidas and Perdiccas hauyng there reysed vp their Trophe in signe of victorye they kept the felde two or .iii. dayes attendyng the Illyrians Whome the sayd Perdiccas had soulded and waged for to come to his succours After that terme passed Perdiccas wold that they shoulde haue marched further into the countrey and that they shoulde haue takenne the townes of Archibeus But Brasidas who feared leste the armye of the Athenians shoulde come in the meane season and destroye those of Mende seyng also that the Illynans came not he was of opinion to retourne backe And they being in this difference hadde newes howe that the Illyrians whiche had takene wages of the sayd Perdiccas had deceyued hym and were gone to the saruyce of Archibeus By occasioÌ„ whereof fearyng the comyng of the Illyrians who are warlyke people they were both of opynioÌ„ to retourne backe But they agrede not of the waye that they shulde kepe so that they departed in the euening pryuely without conclusion And Perdiccas retyred fromthence into his campe whiche was a lytle distante from the same of Brasidas And the nyght folowyng the Macedoniens and the estrangers in Perdiccas campe for the feare that they had of
Parrhasiens whyche be in the countrey of Arcadie subiectes of the Mantynyens called thider by certain of the cytezeins by meane of a seditioÌ„ mutynery which was amongest them also to thintente to rase downe the walles whyche those MantynieÌ„s had made in the town of Cypselle wherin they had put garnison whiche towne was in the countreye of Siritide in the terrytorie of the sayde Parrhasiens in the lande of Laconye The Lacedemonyans being than comme into the sayd lande they dyd pyllage and waste it Whiche perceyued by the Mantynians they lefte the garde of their cytie vnto the Argiues And they with their puissance went for to succour their subiectes but seyng that they coulde not defende them bothe they retourned fromethence And by that meanes the Lacedemonians restored the Parrhasiens into lybertie and rased downe the sayd walles afterwardes they retournedde fromethence into their houses And they beynge retournedde the men at armes arryued whiche were gone with Brasidas into the countrey of Thrace whome Clearidas broughte agayne by sea after the peace made And it was by decree publisshed and declared that all the esklaues whiche hadde bene in that same warre with the sayd Clearydas shoulde be franke free and might go to dwelle where they woulde Whome he sone after did sende with certayne other for to inhabitt in the towne of Leprea in the territorye of Eliens in the countrey of Lacedonia beynge alreadye in warre wyth those same Elyens On the one parte the said Lacedemonians did desgraduate and declaire those to be deffamed and dishonered that were takene by the Athenyans in the Islande for that they rendred themself wyth their army vnto the ennemyes Amongest whome there were some that hadde bene chosene into offices of the towne And they dyd this fearyng leste that they for doubt that they hadde to be reputed to haue bene faynte harted shoulde not enterpryse to make change or mutacâ—on in the towne if they came to auctorytie And so they pronounced theym to be vnhable for to obteigne any office for to vse marchandise and for to demande annye thyng in iudgement And yet neuerthelas shortly afterwardes were auctorised and habled agayne vnto it In the same somer the Dyctidiens dyd take the cytie of Thyson which is in the countrey of Athos being confederated with the Atheans Durynge all the same somer the Athenyanes and the Peloponesians vsed and traffiqued merchandises togiders although they suspected the one the oother Chifely the Athenians and the Lacedemonyans frome begynnyng of the peace forasmuche as they had not rendred nothere on the one syde nor of the other that whiche was accorded and agrede vpon For the Lacedemonyans who shulde first haue restored had not rendred Amphipolis nor the other places nother also had constrayned their allyes in the countrey of Thrace for to accept the sayd tratie of peace nother lykewyse the Beotians and the Corinthians though that they sayd continuallye that if the sayd confederates woulde not accepte the treatie they woulde ioigne themself with the sayd Athenyans for to constrayne them thereunto and thereupon had assigned and prefixed a daye But there was no mention thereof in wrytyng that those that would not ratefie and accept the sayd treatie should be reputed ennemyes bothe of the sayd Athenians Lacedemonyans But the AthenyaÌ„s parceiuing that the sayd Lacedemonyans did parfourme nothynge of that whiche they had promysed in effecte they had no good opinion that they woulde kepe the peace And for this cause they likewise delayde to render Pilus vnto them and also repented that they had delyueredde the prysoners that they had takene in the Islande And so reteigned lykewyse the other townes whiche they shulde haue rendred by the sayd treatie vntill the tyme that the Lacedemonyans had accomplished on their partie Whiche Lacedemonyans did excuse themself saying that they had done all that they coulde For they had rendred the prysoners whiche they had and also hadde withdrawin al their men of warre whiche were in Thrace and for effecte obsaruedde all that was in their power but as for to restore Amphipolis that the same was not in their puissaÌ„ce And to the surplusage promysedde that they woulde parforce theymself to cause that the Beotians and Corinthians should enter into the treatie that Panacte should be rendred to the sayd Athenyans And lykewyse all the Athenyans that were prysoners in the countrey of Beoce required the same Athenyans that they would be willyng to reÌ„der the citie of Pylus or at the least if they would not reÌ„der it that they shoulde withdrawe the Messenyans the esklaues whiche they had put within it lyke as the same Lacedemonyans had withdrawin their men of warre whiche were in Thrace and that they shoulde kepe the place with their oune people if they woulde In this manner durynge the same somer passed all their affaires to witte chiefly by dissymulacion and neuerthelas dydde lyue without warre communicatyng or entremedlyng the one with the other Howe the Lacedemonians hauinge againste the forme of the treatie agrede vpon with the Athenyans made allyance with the Beotians wtout the same Athenians they the sayd Athenians made the lyke with the Argiues the Mantynyans and the Eolians ☞ The .vi. Chapter THe wynter followinge the Gouernours of the cytie of Sparte named Ephores beynge changed vnder whome the peace was concludedde and newe being choseÌ„ in their stede which were against the same there was an assemblie made in Lacedemony whereat were the ambassadours of the confederate cyties of Peloponese those of the Athenians those of the Corinthians and those of the Beotians in the whiche manye thynges were debatedde but fynallye they departedde without any resolution Neuerthelas euery man beinge retournedde to his house Cleobolus and Xenares which were those two of the Ephores that than gouerned and desired to breake the peace had particuler deuises with the Beotians and with the Corinthians exhortynge them to haue parfaicte knowlaige of the sayd matters and chiefly to the Beotians that euen so as they had bene the furst that had made allyance with the Argiues that so they shoulde be willing al togiders to ioigne themself afreshe with those same LacedemoniaÌ„s shewyng theÌ„ that by the same meane they shulde not be constrayned for to accept kepe the allyance with the Athenians that bifore the emnitie with the Athenians bifore that they had brokene trefues the same Lacedemonians had more desired the amitie and allyance of the sayed Argiues than of the sayed Athenyans for that that they did alwayes mistrust them and desired greatly to be assured therof vnderstaÌ„ding that their allyance shulde be to those LacedemoniaÌ„s right propice meâ—e for to make warre wtout Peloponese praying the sayd Beotians that they would agree be contente to restore Panacte to the sayd LacedemoniaÌ„s to the intent that by meane of hauing of that same cytie they might recouer Pylus if it were possible And by
place aryued one barque that came oute of Peloponese charged wyth men of warre Thespyens whiche were sente to the succours of the sayde Syracusayns the whiche they dyd take into their galleis and afterwardes dyd take their rayce or votage for to retourne into their countrey and so they encountred at Megara twenty AthenyaÌ„s galleis that espyed them there in the passage the whyche dyd take one of the said elleuen and the other that eskaped did come to Sarragosse After that an other light combate was made betwene the Athenyans and the Syracusains in the poarte of Sarragosse to wycte a rampare of woode whyche the sayd Syracusains had made before the olde hauon for to kepe their shippes wythin in suertie Byfore the whyche the Athenyans brought a greate nauie wyth tenne thousande chargedde welle armed and appoyncted for to susteigne alle stroakes of shotte and of Artillerie And behynde the same were smalle Barques wythin the whyche and also wythin the sayde nauye were men that hadde Engynes wherewyth they rased downe the pales and plankes of woode of the sayde rampare that were fyxed and planted wythin the sea Where agaynst the Syracusains resisted wyth greate stroakes of shotte whyche they dyschargedde and dyd cast out of the sayd hauone Also those of the sayde nauye dydde the lyke against theyme Fynallye the Athenyans brake downe a greate parte of the sayde rampare although that they hadde greate payne and difficultie therin for that that there was greate pieces of woode that were hoolye hyddene wythin the watere whyche were so plantedde of a sette purpose to the intente that if the shyppes of the ennemyes woolde comme there they shulde stryke and bruse theyme and shulde be by that meane in danger And though the Athenyans hadde plongeors or dyuers that dyuedde for to cutt them vnder the water yet neuerthelas aftere that they were wythdrawyn the Syracusayns caused other to be replantedde And the one dyd daylly make againste the othere some newe enterpryse and inuention so as it is to be byleued of two armys that kepe caÌ„pe the one nigh to the othere and moreouer they made many eskarmuches and small combates in all soortes and by all meanes that were possyble to doo Nowe the Syracusains hadde sente Ambassadoures to the Lacedemonyans to the Corynthyans and to the Ambracyans sygnefyinge vnto theyme the takynge of Plemmyryum and also the battaille that they had vpon the sea Certefyinge that the victorye that the Athenyans had had agaynste them was not chanced throughe the valyantnes of those same Athenyans but for the mysorder of themself Wherfore they hadde good hope to remayne in the ende victorious but so that they might be aydedde and succoured And therupon required that they wolde succour theÌ„ wyth shippes and wyth men before that the armye whyche they Athenyans shulde sende thyder for newe succours myght arryue there For in that doynge men myghte destroye those that were in the campe byfore the comynge of those same thider and thereby ende the warre Thys was the estate of the affayres of Sycille ¶ Of the necessitie wherein the Cytie of Athenes was through the warre And howe certen Thracyans that were comme to their saruyce beinge for faulte of monney retourned and sente home did destroy the Cytie of Mycalesus and afterwards were well nygh all destroyed ☞ The .v. Chapter IN thys tyme whilest the affayres abouesayd were donne in Sycille Demosthenes hauyng assembled the souldyars whyche were ordonned for to go to the succours of the caÌ„pe that was before Sarragosse caused them to be embarqued at Egyne and fromthence came sailing alonge from of Peloponese and ioygnedde hymselfe wyth Charicles who attended or wayted with .xxx. ships for him wherin the men were chargedde whiche the Argiues had sente for their portion And froÌ„thence they saylled straight towards the lande of Laconie that is to say of the Lacedemonyans But furste they landed in the couÌ„trey of Lymera in the terrytorie of Epidaure wherof they wasted a greate parte Fromthence they came to lande in the saide contrey of Laconie of the coaste of Cytherea foranempste the temple of Apollo where they dyd some damaige and enclosed with a wall a distraicte like vnto the same of Corinthe whiche is called Isthmus to the ende that the esklaues of the AthenyaÌ„s might withdrawe thider and saue themself whan they woolde flye frome their lordes and also for to kepe there theues and pyrates that shuld pillaige the countrey rouÌ„de aboute lyke as they dyd at Pylus But before that the walle was made Demosthenes saylled strayght to Corcyre for to leuie there the men that shulde come out of that quarter and to passe fromethence straighte into Sycille and he lefte Charicles there for to parfaict and fynishe the sayde wall with his thyrtie ships Who incontynentlye after that it was acheued and that a good garnysone was put into it departed fromthence for to followe Demosthenes The Argiues also dyd the lyke In that same sommer arryued at Athens .xiii. houndred Thracians whyche were surnamed Macherophoriens that were of the discent of Dyacus all well armed and wearinge targettes the whyche were caused to comme wyth Demosthenes into Sycille whome for that that they were come to late after the departure of Demosthenes the Athenyans determyned to retourne sende agayne into their countrey For they thought it to great charge for to kepe them there for the warre whych they had at Decelea for that that euery of theÌ„ wolde haue a groate for yâ— day And the monney beganne greatly to consume in Athens for this chiefly that after the Peloponesyans had altogider mured and fortefyed the towne of Decelea in the same somer they dyd putt into it afterwards garnysons oute of all cyties whyche were changed by quartiers wherby many greate euills and losses aswell of monney as of othere goodes happened to the Athenyans by meane of this that where at other tymes whan the Peloponesians came to ouerronne their lande they taryed not therin longe and aftere that they were retourned the Athenyans were not empesched to laboure their lande nor to enioye yt at their wylle After that the sayde towne was enclosed and the garnysone putte wythin yt they were contynuelly vexed and as in manner assieged by the sayde garnysone whyche ceassed not to ouerronne pyllaige some tyme in small nomber and sometyme in great and very often tymes for to haue vyctuailles and other thinges necessarie But aboue all so longe as Agis kinge of Lacedemonie was there wyth all the army they were maruaillously endommaged for he neuer suffredde hys people to be ydle but contynuellye caused theym to course and go into the lande in suche sorte that they made meruaillous waste and pillayge in alle the lande of Athenes And besydes that the sklaâ—es whyche they had fledde from them to the sayd Peloponesians to the nomber of twenty thousande and vp wardes whyche were all or the moore parte people of occuâ—acyons and handy crafte men
They loste morouer almoste all their beastes aswel great as lytle And also their horses were in a small tyme so trauailled that they coulde not sarue longe For their horsemen were contynually in the feldes aswel for to resiste the ennemyes that were at Decelea as also for to warde all the regyon of Athens from pillage wherby some of the sayd horses were morefounded the other lamed and tyred wyth ronninge so oftene into that same laÌ„de whych was drye and harde and also many of them were hurt aswell with stroakes of dartes as also with other stroaks And in the remenaÌ„t the victuails that were brought into the cytie oute of the quarter of Eubea of Oroppe whiche were wonte to passe by Decelea that was the next way were forced to come by an other coaste more further of so that they compassed about the lande of Sunium by sea whiche was a thynge of great charge and expence by occasyon wherof the cytie was in greate necessytie of all thynges that were requisitt to be brought thyder frâ—m wythout And on the other parte the Cytezeins who were all retyred into the cytie were greatly trauailled by meane of watche that was conuenyent for them to make wythout cessynge aswell by day as by nighte For by daye there was a certen nomber incessantly vpon the heighte of the walles who were contynually changed and in the nyght all the watche was in harnes resarued the horsmen the one vpon the walles and the other in and through the towne aswell in tyme of sommer as also of wynter whyche was vnto them a payne intollerable And so muche the moore that at one selfe tyme they susteigned twoo greate warrs And yet neuertheles they were so obstynate that no man yâ— had not sene it could haue beleued it For albeit that they were assieged euen vnto the wals by the Peloponesyans yet for all that they woolde not forsake nor leaue of the enterprise of Sycille but euene so as they were assyegedde they woolde stylle holde the Cytie of Sarragosse assiegedde the whyche was for a Cytie nothynge lesse thaÌ„ Athenes wyllynge by that meane to declare theire puyssance and theire audacytie muche moore greate than the othere Grekes hadde opynyon therof from begynnynge of the warre Of whome some iudged that those Athenyans shuld susteigne the warre for twoo yeares the other for three yeares at the furtheste and that than it shulde haue cessed But no man thought that it shulde haue endured longer if it chancedde that the Peloponesyans woolde haue entred into their lande And yet neuerthelas frome the furste tyme that they were entredde therin vntill that they sente into Sycille were seuentene whole yeares And that notwythstandinge they were not so decayed by the sayde warre of .xvii. yeares but that they enterprysed yet the other whyche was not lesse in the opynyon of men than the furste And the sayde cytie of Athens being troubled aswell for the towne of Deceleaâ— as by the other meanes here aboue declared yt was come into greate indigence and lacke of monney through occasyon whereof they exacted and leuyedde that same yeare of theire subiectes in places nyghe the sea in stede of trybute whyche they toke by Anticipation the twentith parte of their valeur thinkynge that the same shulde render vnto them more monney than the ordenary trybute So was it nedefullâ— for the expeÌ„ces were somuche the greater as the warre was more greate and also their rente failled them or was decayedde For thys cause incontynently as the Thracyens that were comme to their succours were arryued as hath bene sayde they retourned or sente them awaye for lacke of monney and gaue the charge to Dytrepus for to conducte them by sea to whome they comaunded that in retournynge them he shulde fynde the manner that they shulde do some damaige in Eubea and in othere places by the sea side of thennemys alongest by whome they shulde passe for it was conuenyente for them to passe the distraict of Eubea which is called Euripus The whiche Dytrepus beinge landed wyth the sayd Thracyens at Tanagra he pillaiged somewhat ryght soubdainely after caused them incontynently to mounte again caryed them into Chalcyde in the countrey of Eubea and towardes night passed the distraict and sailled for to lande in the countrey of Beoce In the whyche beinge landed he caused all hys men all the nyght to marche towardes the Cytie of Mycale and caused therin to hyde themselfe wythin the temple of Mercuryusâ— whyche is distant out of the sayd cytie abou ts .xvi. stades And after that it was day he caused them to marche strayght towardes the sayde cytie The whicheâ— though that it was greate yet neuerthelas he fourthwyth did take for that yt was not warded And also the Cytezeins had no doubte of annythynge For they neuer thought that passengers by sea wolde haue come so farre into the laÌ„de For this cause they had yll walles aboute their towne also they were fallene in some parts in other very lowe And morouer for that that they feared none enterprise they locked not in their gates The Thracians than being entred into the towne did pillage it vtterly aswell the teÌ„ples holly places as the pryuate houses prophane places this which yet was worst they dyd slay al that they fouÌ„de lyuinge aswell the people of all secâ—es ages as also the beastes For it is the nature and facyon of the Thracyans whyche be people amonge all other moste Barbarous to do all sorte of crueltie in whatsoeuer place that they be wythout feare And amonge the othere they committed and perpetrated one righte great myschiefe For beinge entred into the place where the chyldren of the towne were at skoole in ryghte greate nomber they dyd slaye theym all And that mischiefe was so greate and so soubdaynely and vnlokedde for chancedde that there was neuer in one Cytie a greater Whereof the Thebayns beinge aduertysed they all yssuedde fourthe incontynently vpon them and founde them yet nyghe vnto the towne and dydde putte theym into greatte feare and in suche sorte that at begynnynge they forsoke all their bowtye and afterwardes were chasedde fromethence vntill the distraicte and there many of them were slayne that coulde not sone ynoughe enter into their shippesâ— by cause of this chiefly that those whych were wythin the sayde shippesâ— parceyuynge the enemyes to approcheâ— had withdrawin them into the sea out of danger of shott whereby those that myght not enter and that knewe not or coulde not swimme were all slayne and there was the greateste slaughter For vntille that they were arryuedde at the shoore of the sea they retyredde all togider and in good order after their custome so that they defended themself well against the horsemen of the Thebains which were the furst that assailled them in suche sorte that they lost not manye of their people But after that they were arryued at the sea syde in the sight of