name imposed presently vpon his Peleg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 est diuidiâ— Gen. 10. 25. birth by reason of that Diuision And how could his name be by reason of the Diuision before it And it is questionles that Peleg was borne CI. yeers after the Floud which falls by this calculation into the XXXIX of Nimrod But Abraham plainly was borne CXCI. years after Peleg how then could Nimrod and Abraham be coetaneall I know the accounts of diuers ancient writers are in this point of the continuance of this Empire out of which as à posteriori the beginning is found much differing both among themselues and from what is before deliuered as those which occurre in p V. Lips ad 1. Vell. Paterculi si placet Thalum ap Lactant Instit. 1. cap. 23. Paterculus Eusebius Orosius and others and some Grecians haue made Nimrods beginning to bee q Cedrenus Glycas alij DC XXX yeers from the Floud others more against apparant truth of Scripture others of later times placing him diuersly But I see none so neer most probable coniecture as the learned Christopher Heluicus whose laboriously composed and most vsefull Historicall Theatre in this and other of this nature affoords instructing helpes And whereas the fabulous traditions of some Europeans make Semyramis the autor of Babylon it was deliuered for most false long since by r Ioseph 1. ad Appionem Berosus he was Belus his Priest in Babylon and some s Q. Curt. lib. 5. ancients of this part of the world also haue iustly followed him attributing it to Belus which euen holy writ proues to be the work of Nimrod So some will haue Ninus the builder of Nineueh which profane Storie also calls Ninus whereas vpon good reason out of greatest authoritie Nimrod was he that built it In Genes x. Hee went out of the land he means Shinaghr into Assyria and built Nineueh But I know the vsuall translation hath it otherwise that out of the land went Assur and built Nineueh But Assur is not before that time as a proper name of a man spoken of in holy Writ neither in that passage is there a declaring of Sems posteritie in which Assur was but of Chams onely And the holy tongue endures either of the interpretations as hath been by the learned heretofore obserued It may possibly be that its name was from Ninus successor and sonne to Nimrod For in that Nation the first Citie built was titled according to the name of the builders sonne as appeares in the Storie of Came and Enoch The Ebrew orthography of it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 composed as it were of Nin and Neueh which may well signifie the Habitation or Citie of Nin being easily according to the European course turned to Ninus And Iosephus t Archoeolog Iudaic 9. in hist. Ionae expressely calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which words without difficultie giue the same sense with the Ebrew All this is in a manner confirmed by an ancient and most learned u D Hieronym Tradit Ebraicis Father deliuering that the Assyrians ex nomine Nini Beli filij Ninum condiderunt vrbem magnam quam Ebraei appellant Niniuen Which is as if hee had said Nimrod had done it For what were the Assyrians but his subiects The first Empire then began in Asia vnder Nimrod the same with Belus called also Arbelus or Arbylus King ouer the Babylonian and Assyrian territories chiefly hauing in them his two Cities royall but extending his power ouer the greatest part of the inhabited neighboring country Why he was called Belus is no wonder Take it not as a name proper to him while hee liued But referre it to an effect of Idolatrous application after his death For whether adoration of Statues began in Sherugs daies as is vsually deliuered out of x Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epiph. in prolegomcnis ancient authoritie or whensoeuer it is certaine by all probabilitie that sacred Statues were first such as had been made in memorie of some best beloued and most honored great men or of their fathers ancestors children wiues or deerest friends being y Hinc idoluÌ„ dictum est si Diophanti fides apud Fulgent Mythologic 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi species doloris Quod sane linguae sanctâ— optimé conucnit in quâ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Dolores simulachia dicuntur Psal. 106. 38. 39. alibi Originatio autem idololatriae ad hunc modum docetur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 14 ab Epiphanio in prolâ—gom Iul. Firmico de errore Profan Religionum alijs v. si placet Ciceronem de consolatione dead To these were at length by flatterie of seruants and sycophants of such as had erected the Statues giuen diuine worship and ceremonies with suffumigations crownes of flowers and other rites which to the dead of later time by the Gentiles haue been vsed beeing at first inuented by them for such as they stiled Gods And as the ceremonies due to their Deities so as a consequent grew the names of them also at last to be applied to those whom the Statues had first honored Now it is not vnknown to any that the Babylonians held their greatest God to be Bel which is the same with the Phoenician and Punique Baal the difference proceeds only out of the Ebrew and z 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaldaeis Ebraicè auâ—em i. Punicè 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dictus est ElementuÌ„ n. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaldaeis saepiùs excidit à Grammaticis obseruatur Dâ—minum vero interpretatur Chaldean dialects and was first vnderstood for the Sunne whom they called a Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. Parasc Euangelic 〈◊〉 Baal-samaim that is the Lord of Heauen and in substance euen by Idolatrous origination was the same with Iupiter Olympius Pan Apollo and the rest of their greater Gods differing in name only as Baal-pheor Baalzebub Moloâ—h and the rest did in Palestine whence it seemes the Lacedemonians had their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the Sunne as Hesychius is author and perhaps the Phrygians and Thurians b Scholiast ad Aeschyli Persas Hesych in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a King and the Western parts their Belenus Belinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Herodian calls him or c Scalig. Auson lect 1. cap. 9. Abellio as an old inscription found in Guienne For all these names that Apollo hath which the Gaules and Britons worshipt and to whom the Druids sacrificed at the cutting down of their Mistletoe expressing him in their language d Plin. hist. Nat. 16. cap. 44. Omnia sanans which euery Schoole-boy knowes also to bee proper to Paean the same with Phoebus And that Belin is no other then Apollo is both proued out of an old e Ausonius in profess Burdegal Poet of Gaule calling his Priest Phoebitius Necreticebo
is renewd and vsed and in the very infancie of their rule was affected by them It s iustified by this imperfect title of Orchan Giazi sonne to the first Othoman his Letters to the States of the e Adam Myrimuth Chronic. Angl. Ms. Saracens in Afrique and Spain for their innasion of the Christian Spain writen about M. CCC XL. and translated by a Captiue Saracen into Latin and thence into Spanish and afterward into French sent in certain Letters of State intelligence to our K. Edward III. I will not alter a letter otherwise then my Ms. author directs me De moy GOLDIFA vn ley EXERIF SAVDAN seignior sages fort puissant Seignior de la mesen de Mek du seint hautesse en la sue saint vertu fesant Iustices hauts basses constreignant sur toux constreignants seignior du Railm di Turky de Percye retenour des terres de Hermenye seignior de la * 〈◊〉 Dobble de les dobbles de la mere meruailouse per ceinor de les febles ore auutz en laseint ley Mahomet seignior de la fort espee de Elias de Dauid que tua my book instructs me no further but is here torn But without doubt that Goldifa is but Chalipha How easily the difference comes any man may see I haue faithfully transcribd it but confesse I vnderstand not all the words in it The matter is apparant The word Chaliph is deriud into Arabique from the Ebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which with difference of dialect is the same in Syriaque and properly signifies vice or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For where in S. Matthew cap. 11. it is rememberd that Archelaus reigned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. in stead of Herod the Syriaque hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chealaph Herodes In Arabisme it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaliph i. saith Raphalengius Successor Vicarius Imperator And the Persian Sophi hath vsd this title The first Schach Ismael on one side of his Coins had stampt Ismael Caliph Millah i. Ismael the successor or Vicar of God Why in those letters he is calld Un ley exarif I wholly conceiue not But plainly that of Exarif is the title of Xeriph or Sheriph which is somtimes put in their stiles Notum saith the painfull and learned a Pandect cap. 3. Leunclaw quanto sint apud Mahumetanos in honore qui recta linea tam a Propheta Mahumete quod ab Ali Mahumetis genero descendunt aut se fingunt descendere Hi Turcis Tartarisque SEITHI vulgo dicuntur Arabibus autem SERIPHAE quos maximâ sane veneratione atque obseruantia quum prosequantur etiam ipsi Sultani SERIPHARVM b Idem est quod Iariffe in Litt. Imperatoris Maroci Hispanicè editis ab Hackluito Tom. 2. part 2. pag. 118. 119. adpellatione velut Augustiores se reddere volunt The word interprets High or Noble The late publisht Lexicon thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sheriphun Celsus llustris inclytus nobilis Augustus But to make Seriph equiualent in analogie with Syncellus which was the next degree in Constantinople to the Patriarch and to haue like regard to Chaliph as some haue done is but I think a piece of Graecian vanitie The name Saudan is there what elswhere is often Soldan but should be prorounced Sultan And the Grand Signior is somtimes stiled Sultan Olem i. Lord of the World But Sultan is vsually in his stile and signifies only Dominus most properly c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Eccles. cap. 8. com 4 est potentia siue Dominiū â 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Dominari Com. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Potens siue Dominus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sultan i. Rector or Dominus And as in Rome the Salutations were by Domine so in Turkey they say Sellam aleich Sultanu i. Peace be to you Sir as Georgiuitz deliuers The word occurres in Writers both Greek and Latine of later times very often The Latins haue it Saladinus somtimes In Letters from Selim the II. to the state of Venice sent about M. D. LXX of Christ and written in most barbarous a Crus Turco-Graec lib. 4. Epist 60. Greek thus is he stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with a large reckoning vp of Prouinces and Dominions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Sultan Selim Prince of Constantinople New Rome c. Lord and King of what is comprehended in our sight vnder the Sunne That Aphentes is but a corrupted word from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the later Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a Lord or such like their custom being vsuall in proper names and diuers other words to make the termination in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Letters lately sent from Achmet the now Grand Signior to the States of the Low Countries he is only stiled Sultan Achmet Cham as the English Copie speaks and in their Coins the attribute of Honor is Sultan only But most commonly their Titles were wont to bee exceeding copious of attributes with which or the like they now vse to ouer-load those Princes to whom they write whereof in the end of this Chapter more To Selim the first his statue in his sonne Solymans Bed-chamber was added b Lonicer Chronic. Tom. 1. lib. 1. an inscription thus exprest in Latine Soldanus Selimus Ottomanus Rex Regum Dominus Omnium Dominorum Princeps omnium Principum Filius Nepos Dei But Sultan is not proper solely to the Grand Signior As most of the other names and the like in other States it is communicated Hee stiles himself somtime Amir also i. a Lord or Prince In Arabisme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I know this is oft giuen most anciently to Chaliphs and Lieutenants and such like and is at this day to others Of c Vide supra pag. 49. Et cap. vlt. lib. secundi Amirs more anon But it being put with the maiestique addition of Great only signifies the Grand Signior A Persian and a Mahumedan d Sampsat Sphach Musulman Epist. ad Melet. Monachum liuing neer the beginning of the Ottomanique Empire calls all Turkey * i. The Country of the Great Amir 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alone is found in the Lady Anne hir Alexias Phranzes and such more and Cedren speaking of Abubachar the first successor of Mahumed saies that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. He was Amir 11. yeers and a half and then died At this name Matthew Paris ghest in his Admirabiles other in their Admiralli Ammiralli and the like which the autors of the holy warres are full of Admiraulx as De Ionuille alwayes cals them But the most ancient and proper title they vsd is with addition thus Amir-elmumunin i. Rex Orthodoxorum or Fidelium which the Arabique thus expresses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the same sound and sense And Mahumed in the Alcoran is often calld the chief of the Beleeuers And where Beniamin
inuenimus terminos positos aut formas aut praecepta prolata neminem appellandum BASLEA nisi eum quem in vrbe Constantinopoli Imperij tenere gubernacula contigisset cum gentium singularum monimentis interim postpositis sacrae nobis affluentèr historiae monstrent plurimos fuisse Basileos Et noli vel nobis quòd dicimur inuidere vel tibi singularitèr vsurpare quod non solum nobiscuÌ„ sed cum pluribus Praepositis aliarum Gentium possides Sed nec hoc admiratione caret quod asseris Arabum Principem y Apomazar potius Achmet Onirocritic cap. 18. historici Orientales verum Protosymboli Vezirazes siue Vezirum primos magis denotant consulas licet Leunâ—lau Pandect Turcic cap. 14. nos de hoc vocabulo mox plura Protosymbolum dici cum in voluminibus nostris nihil tale reperiatur vestri Codices modo z Lego Archicon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Architon modo Regem vel also quolibet vocabulo nuncupent Verum nos omnibus literis sacras S. preferimus quae Dauid non Protosymbolos sed Reges Arabium Sabae perspicue confitentur Cbaganum verò non Praelatum Auarum non Cazarorum aut Northmannorum nuncupari reperimus neque Principem Bulgarûm sed Regem vel Dominum Bulgarûm Verum iccircò ab ijs ab omnibus Basilei debitum vocabulum adimis vt hoc tibi soli non tam Propriè quam violenter inflectas Then hee proceeds for of those other titles more anon with the Translation of the Empire from Constantinople to the Fraâ—ks ob ignominiam Graecorum who were not able any longer to defend the Church and whereas Basilius would haue him titled only Rex or Riga as the Grecians had barbarously made that word in their fourth cafe hee addes further that the true interpretation of their Basileus was in that word Riga as indeed children know it is Neither was it giuen or taken as any dishonor when Baldwin Earle of Flanders Lewes Earle of Blois a Arnold Alb. Lubecens Slauorum hist. 6. c. 19. and diuers other wrote to Otho IV. Emperor with this inscription Excellentissimo Domino Othoni Dei gratia RomanoruÌ„ Regi semper Augusto Vpon b Gloss. Graeâ—obarbar I. Meursij lesse ground then those Imperiall Letters it hath been obserued that the Eastern Emperors did in contempt stile the Western Reges only allowing their Basileus to none but themselues and the King of Bulgarie who had also c I. Curopalat in Tzimisce apud Meurs his Crown of Gold his Tiar of Silk and Red Shoes for his royall beeing also imperiall habiliments And so Georgius Logotheta publisht last Spring Mart by Theodore Douz alwayes names the King of Bulgarie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the King of Hungarie and Sicily 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Prince of Achaia only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But vnder fauor I think it proceeded not so much from contempt as vse bred amongst them to call forrein dignities by the names of the Princes Country to which they were applied as appears in Sultan Ameras Amermumnes and Mumnes Chagan the same with Chan and the like copiously mentioned by Simocatta Anna Comnena Codin Apomazar or Achmet Cantaeuzen and the more obuious Orientall autors And they neuer agreeing willingly to that Translation from them but supposing themselues as Emperors of new Rome for so Constantinople was called to bee as the legitimat successors of that maiestique Title d Lord of the World 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith Antoninus long before blazoned e Volus. Maetian ff ad leg Rhod. l. 9. himselfe to Eudaemon could hardly but endeuor such distinction of names that One might be peculiar to their own Greatnes Which how could they better do then by keeping their own to themselues that is Basileus and giuing other Princes the language of euerie one 's own Territorie And the Princes of Sicily receiued of Constantine the Great take it on my f Niceph. Gregoras hist. 7. autors credit Rex for an hereditary Title Indeed that Basilius had more reason to take hereof greater care being the first of them after the Translation to Charles the Great that was likely to haue regained his Predecessors glorie And therefore his Bishops in that VIII Generall Councell at Constantinople did also nomen imperiale as one g Anastas de vit Pontific in Hadr. 2. saies of the VVestern part nostro Caesari penitùs inuidere to which affected Greatnes an old h Annal. incert auct sub anno 876. Edit à Pitbaeo eadé autem Sigebertus autor alludes speaking of Charles the Bald King of France that Omnem consuetudinem Regum Francorum contemnens Graecas Glorias optimas arbitrabatur Et vt maiorem mentis suae elationem ostenderet ablato Regis nomine se Imperatorem Augustum omnium Regum Cis mare consistentium appellari praecepit But in later times the difference was lesse respected which is plainly seen in those Letters of i Otho Frisingens de gest Frederic lib. 1. cap. 24. Calo-loannes to Conrad III. thus inscribed Toannes in Christo Deo Fidelis Rex Porphyrogenitus sublimis Fortis Augustus Comnenos Imperator Romanorum ad Nobiliss. Fratrem Amicum Imperij mei And answered by Conrad calling himselfe Romanorum Imperator Augustus and Calo-Ioannes illustris Gloriosus Rex Graecorum VVhence also it is euident that Rex was not a name of contempt at Constantinople For then would not Conrad haue called Iohn by that name Neither for that point is aduantage to bee taken of the word Rex in the Eastern Emperors stile For it is most likely that his Greek out of which I suppose my autor had it translated was their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some of the German k Epistolae Henrici IV. Emperors also as it seems thought not Rex alone vnfit for themselues in prescribed titles of their Letters to other Princes And on the other side those of other Nations haue iustly taken to themselues Imperator Our ancient Edgar in his Charters called himselfe Albionis Anglorum Basileus and l Pat. 1. Ed. 4. part 6. memb 23. Et Totius Albionis Monarcha Basileus saepius in Diplomatibus Monast. Crowlandensi consignatis in one to Oswald Bishop of Worcester Cunctarum Nationum quae infra Britanniam includuntur Imperator Dominus which one of his successors long since as rightly challenged For when Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury hauing incurred William the second 's displeasure durst yet aduenture to ask leaue of him to go to receiue his Pall of P P. Urban 1 1. when Rome was euen bleeding of her wounds taken in that great Schism about Wibert Archbishop of Rauenna whom Hen. IV. taking vpon him the imperiall supremacie would haue inuested in the Popedome the King at the very name of the Pope was extremely mou'd and thus was his reason Dicebat saith Matthew Paris Imperator sui officij esse
vs furthermore that their Prince is not properly stiled Emperor of the Abassins but of the Ethiopians The Arabians cal them m Terra Hhabas Ethiopia Ben 〈…〉 min. Tudelens Itinerar pag. 101. Elhabasen from the same reason as we Abassins but they are known to themselues only by the name of Ithiopiawians Of this Belul Gian is made that Beldigian by which Luis de Vretta a Spanish Frier saies they call their Emperor But Bodin notes in his margine to his 1. de Rep. cap. IX that his name is Iochabellul i. gemma pretiosa as he saies I cannot but preferre the testimony of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Priest which in this could not deceiue But plainly as the name of Presbyter Ioannes is idly applied to him so it had its cause vpon another mistaking For in the trauails of such as first discouerd to any purpose those Eastern States as they were of later time is mention n Pol. Venet l. 1. cap. 51. seq Ioh. de Plano Carpini c. 5. Will de Rubruquis Itinerar made of one Vncham or Vnchan a great Monarch in those parts where now the Gâ—eat Cham or Chan of Cathay hath his Dominion and him they call Presbyter Ioannes and write that one Cinchis whom they fained to haue been begotten on a poore widow by the Sunne beames as chosen King among the Tartars rebelling against this Vncham ouercame him and from this Cinchis the Tartarian Monarchie hath its originall And some more particulars of it you haue in the life of S. Lewes of France written by De Ionuille a noble Baron of France that was with him in the holy warres Hee calls him in his French Prebstre Iehan This relation is of about M. C. XC and hath made the readers confound the corrupted names of both Princes twixt whom too great distance was to haue the one deriud from the other And some o Aloys Cadamust Nauigat cap. 60. Lud. Vartomann Nauigat 2. cap. 15. vide si placet Gerardi Mercatoris Geographiam trauellers into those parts haue expressely deliuerd them both as one But the Diuine Scaliger teaches that the Asiatique Vncham and his predecessors were calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prestigiani that is in Persian Apostolique and so had the name of Padescha Prestigiani i. Apostolique King because of his Religion being a Kind of Christian as Beldigian is also which in Ethiopique-Chaldé must be exprest by Negush Chawariawi Doubtles the community of sound twixt Prestigiani Presbyter and Precious Gian was a great cause of this error which vntill the Portugalls further acquaintance with the Ethiopians alwayes possest Europe But I wonder how the learned Munster was so much in this matter deceiud that hee supposes the Ebrew Epistle printed in his Cosmographie beginning 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Ego Pristijuan to be as sent from the Ethiopian Emperor especially sith hee took notice of both the Asiatique and African Prince abusd in the name of Presbyter Ioannes The Prestigians affirming in it that Thomas the Apostle was buried in his country makes plain enough that it came from the Eastern parts if not counterfeited The title likewise is much differing from what the Beldigian vses I will onely adde one example out of Beldigian Dauid his Letters to p Damian à Goes Pope Clement VII in Latine thus In Nomine Dei c. Has literas is ego Rex mitto cuius nomen Leones Venerantur Dei gratia vocor Athani Tinghil that is the Frankincense of the Virgin Filius Regis Dauid filius Solemonis filius de manu Mariae Filius Nau per carnem filius Sanctorum Petri Pauli per gratiam Pax sit tibi iuste Domine c. The like is in diuers Letters thence to the Kings of Portugall But for that name of Cham in the Tartarian Empire it signifies Lord or Prince and that Cinchis or Cangius Cingis or Tzingis for by these names he is known was calld Cinchis Cham his sonne and successor Hoccota Cham or rather Chahan or Chan although a q Matth. à Michow de Sarmat Asian lib. 1. c. 8. Polonian which seemd to haue much knowledge in that his neighboring country long since deliuerd thus Imperator eorum Tartarorum Ir Tli Ki lingua ipsorum hoc est liber homo dicitur Dicitur Vlu Cham quod sonat Magnus Dominus siue Magnus Imperator Vlu n. magnus Cham vero Dominus Imperator est Eundem aliqui magnum r Dog Imperator Canis dictus est vbique Odorico in Itinerario I. de Plano Carpini Canem dixerunt male interpretati sunt quia Vlu Cham non significat magnum Canem Cham etenim cum aspiratione Dominum Imperatorem Et Cam sine aspiratione cruorem nunquam canem sermone Tartarorum designat For the translation of s Haithon Arâ—â— floruit Monachus sub A. 1290. Câ—râ—hâ—nus item dictus Antonius Haithon the Armenian out of French into Latine by Salconi A. M. CCC VII hath vsually Can not Cham. And the Turkish which is but Tartarian interprets Prince by Chan not Cham and Chanoglan with them is the Sonne of the Prince or Lord. Yet in Chambalu i. the Court of the Tartar the m is well permitted because of pronunciation The Turks also call this Emperor Vlu Chan in the same signification as à Michow hath written neither do their Grand Signiors abstain from this title of Chan. Amurad or Morad the III. vsd it ordinarily thus Sultan Murad Chan bin Sultan Selim Chan elmuzaferu daima i. Lord Murath Prince sonne to Lord Selim Prince alwaies Victorious Where note with t Pandect Turcic cap. 3. hist. Musulmanic 2. Leunclaw the agreement of their Alwaies victorious with semper Augustus semper innictus In their Ottomanique line is one Carachan Kara Han in R. Zaccuth sonne of Cutlugeck which had hence that last part of his name And in those great * Epist. Petr. Arch. Russiae ap Matth. Paris pag. 875. irruptions of the Tartars about the beginning of the Othomanique Empire occurre the names of Great Princes Tartar Chan Thesyr Chan Chuis Chan and such more But amongst them diuers are mâ—â—printed with Than for Chan and one is called Chiarthan which I doubt not but should be Chiar or Car Chan. So in Friossart you haue Lamorabaquin plainly for Almurath Chan and in De Ionuille Barbaquan * Verùm Aggeres Militares idiomate illo Opientali Barbicanae dictae vnde forsan illud nomen Albert Aquens hist. Hicrosolym 6. cap. 10. Emperor of Persia whose last termination is perhaps this Chan. Constantin u De administ Rom. Imper. cap. 40. Porphyrogenetus speaking of som Turks which anciently planted themselues in the Eastern part of Europe â—â—ies that ouer them as Iudges were two Princes calld Gylas and Carchan But saith hee Gylas and Carchan are not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. not proper names but Dignities What Gylas is I confesse I haue
not yet learnd but my author affirms that it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. greater then Carchan Vnlesse perhaps in bold deriuation it might be fetcht from the Turkish word x Giul est Rosa Turcicè Megiser Lexic Turcico-Latin Guzel i. Faire For why might not one ghesse that Gylas may com from som such an etymon seeing that Carchan is Cara-chan i. Black Prince or Lord in that language as all agree Faire as well as Black might denominat Yet of it I dare put no assertion There was a large Territorie whence those Turks came calld y Will. de Rubruq in Itinerario Cara-Cathay i. Black Cathay But I cannot out of that see reason for the name of Cara-Chan Why might not it interpret praefectus Vrbis a place of high note in the old Roman State For in that Sarmatian or Scythian mixt with Turkish language which held largest Territories in Asia Car or Carm as in our British Caer and in Ebrew Kiriath signified a Citie if you beleeu the testimony of a later z Io. Tzetzes Chiliad 8. cap. 224. floruit sub Eman. Comneno circa 1170. Grecian telling vs that Maeotis the now Mar delle Zabache is calld in Scythian Carpaluc i. the City of Fishes and thus expressing it in his Politique verse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Karm in Scythian is a Citie and Palue Fishes Indeed the Turks at this day call a Citie Scheher which is neer Car. But this conceit hardly holds You know Pliny a Hist. Nat. 6. cap. 7. teaches that the Scythians calld it Temerinda quod significat saith he matrem Maris and at this day the Turks name the Mare Maggiore the old Pontus Euxinus next to the Mare delle Zabache Caradinizi i. the black Sea which perhaps being so in Tzetzes his time may help iustifie the name of Carpaluc in or neer Delle Zabach But in these and the like till I can truly instruct my self I remain a Sceptique Howsoeuer that name of Carchan was of great dignitie also but not supreme among the Persians For I imagine their title of Carderiga corrupted as it falls out in our Western idioms to be the same Cardarigas saith an b Landulph Sagax Hist. 17. ancient non est nomen Proprium sed Dignitas maxima apud Persas speaking of the self same which Theophilact Simocatta he liud vnder Heraclius A. DC XXX names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cardarigan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith c Maurician hist. 〈◊〉 cap. 〈◊〉 he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. This is a dignity of the Parthians you may with him here confound Parthians and Persians And the Persians loue to be calld by their Dignities in some sort disdaining those names imposd on them at their Births He vses Cardarigan in the first case which is neer Charchan and perhaps ill turnd into Chardarigas by the Iesuit Pontan I ghesse the self same to be that Officiall Dignitie of Chanaranges rememberd in d De bello Persic 〈◊〉 Procopius and the Armenian that was in the Roman Camp vnder Narses Iustinians Lieutenant cald e Agathias hist. Tom. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chanaranges may well bee supposd to haue had that name only according to Simocatta's relation of the Persian custom And what is Zamergan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that greatest Prince of the Hunns in Iustinians time but Zamer or Zaber Chan Plainly Chaganus or Chaianus occurring in Simocatta Landulphus Sagax Cedren Callistus and others is nothing but Chan. So is that Princeps Hunnorum Capcanus in the life of f Monach. Engolism vit Carol. Magni Charlemain But I wonder at that in Frier William de Rubruiquis where he saith Can nomen dignitatis quod idem est qui Diuinator Omnes Diuinatores vocant Can. Vnde Principes dicuntur Can quia penes eos spectat regimen populi per Diuinationem Vnlesse you read Dominatores Dominationem I vnderstand not why hee saies so Hee was in those parts A. Chr. M. CC LIII But questionles Cedren well knew the signification of Chan in writing that the Emperor Theophilus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 g Georg. Cedren pag 433. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. receiud an Embassage from the Chagan or Chan of Chazaria as if hee had said the King or Prince of Chazaria This Chazaria or Gazaria is that which the ancients call Taurica Chersonesus almost inisled by the Seas Delle Zabache and Maggiore For the Asiatique Sarmatians or Scythians which i Simocat Mauric hist. 7. cap. 8. Agathias lib. 5. anciently vnder Iustinian planted themselues about the Riuer Donaw and in this Chersonesse calld their Prince as in their own country language a King or Lord was stiled And Chersonesus Taurica hodiéque saith Leunclaw habet suos Chahanes The word is rather Tartarian then Slauonique although I see great men say it is Windish that is Slauonique But those tongues are much mixt doubtles with each other Those ancient Tartars and the Northern Scythians by them in that large Tract from the East of Asia euen to the Riuer Don anciently calld Tanais had long before the Tartarian Empire of Tzingis their Emperors honord with that title of Vlu Chan which perhaps is but corrupted in him they call Vmchan For aboue M. yeers since one of most large territorie in those parts thus inscribes his letters to Maurice the Roman Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. To the Emperor of the Romans the Vlu Chan or Great Chan Lord of seuen Nations and Ruler of the seuen Climats of the World So my autor i Theophil Simocat hist. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expresses it in Greek but by all likelyhood the originall calld him as they do now the Emperor there Vlu Chan. In the Scaligeran family or De la Scala deriud from the house of Verona being by originall Gotthique one of the line is calld Canis which they say had from k Ios. Scalig. de vita Iulij in Epist. ad Ian. Douzam this word vsd in Slauonique its beginning In the Great Chans Seale as Frier Iohn de Plano Carpini that was sent Embassador into those parts by P P. Innocent IV. in M. CC. XLVI affirms was writen this interpreted Deus in Caelo Cuine Cham super Terram Dei Fortitudo Omnium Hominum Imperatoris sigillum And his l Ap. Vincent in Epecul lib. 32. cap. 28. title was vsually Dei Fortitudo omnium hominum Imperator And Simocatta remembers more anciently a Prince of those parts which they v sed to call m Et Nicephor Callist hist. Ecclesiast lib. 18. cap. 30. Taisan that is take it vpon his credit the sonne of God In Turkish or Tartarian I think Tangeroglan is the same But of Cham Chan or Chahan thus much Diuers of the titles vsd in the Northern Afrique and vnder the Grand Signior are the same the Princes there being either out of one root and nation or at
Admiralius Murmelius stumbling at his name It may be not vnpleasing to read the whole place where it is Misit ergo nuncios he means our K. Iohn secretissimos cum festinatione summa videlicet Thomam Herdintonum Radulphum filium Nicolai milites Robertum de Londino Clericum ad Admira ium Murmelium Regem magnum Africae Marrochiae Hispaniae quem vulgus Miramomelinum vocat it was the better word of the two significans eidem quod se regnum suum libentèr redderet eidem dederet deditum tencret ab ipso si placeret ei sub tributo Necnon legem Christianam quam vanam censuit relinquens legi Mahometi fidelitèr adhaereret A strange designe but the Amir there told the Embassadors that hee lately had been reading S. Paules Epistles where hee found many things which likt him only this he much dislikt S. Paule for that he followd not that Religion vnder which he was born And of that also in K. Iohns request he took a very ill conceit affirming that if he had been without a religion of all other he would soonest haue embraced Christianitie but that euery man should liue in that Law and Religion vnder which hee was born And so discharged them To this day the successors of that Emperor in Fesse and Marocco keep the addition of Amirelmumenin as the Diuine b Canon Isagogic lib. 3. Scaliger who was wont to interpret their Letters to the Vnited Prouinces instructs vs which is also to be seen in som of Mully Hamets Letters translated into Spanish and c Haâ—kluit Tom. 2. part 2. pag. 118. publisht The Grand Signior rather hath in later d Barth Georgouitz cap. 3. times vsed the title of Padischah Musulmin i. Great King of the Musulmans Padischah is in Turkish and Persian great King and they call the German Emperor Urum Padischah the French King Frank Padischah Quare saith my autor non attribuitur inferioris conditionis Magnatibus nisi Imperatoribus Regibus A professor of Turkish turns Musulman by circumcisus But the word is plainly Arabique 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Musulmin plurally i. as Mumenin Orthodoxi Fideles or qui sincerè credunt as the learned Raphalengius interprets it Hence is it made singular in Musulmanus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 often occuring specially in Sphachanes the Persian and the Emperor Cantacuzen's works whence they haue their Verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. to turn Turk or prosesse that Religion The Amurad so titled himself in Letters to the King of Poland so haue I seen him writen in Letters to our Q. Elizabeth But the greatest attribute which they vsd since the taking of Constantinople thereby hauing seated themselues in an Empire of greater note then worth in the later times is Huncher Hunchier or l Condichiar ap Spanduginum Hunggiar as Leunclaw writes it Id propriè saith he titulo nostrorum Augustorum respondere volunt quo se imperatores Caesares appellant And there haue been letters sent from this m Lit. Elizab. Reg. Dat. 1579. apud Hackluit part 2. pag. 138. Et saepius Caesarea Maiestas nostra occurrit in Foedere icto inter Dn. Elizab. R. Turcarum Imperatorem quod videsis apud eundem pag. 141. 94. v. pag. 158. in Literis Mustaphae Chausij Amurades dicitur Augustiss 〈…〉 mu Caesar. pag. 171. State in Latine calling the Grand Signior Amurad III. Augustissime inuictissime Caesar. Which his own countrey men by their Interpreters haue also giuen him And in Sinan Bassa's Letters to Q. Elizabeth of happy memory Caesarea Celsitudo is often for Sultan Amurad The first that vsd this Hunggiar was Mahumed II. which took Constantinople and after him his sonne Baiazeth and Selim imitated him Whereupon saith my autor Ismael Schah the Persian Sophi both in dishonor of the Grand Signiors as also to vpbraid their superstitious abstinence from Swines flesh for that Iewish ceremonie was wont to be of so great moment and regard amongst them that when they took a solemn oath for confirmation of any league or the like to the two execrations first that they might be as much dishonord as he that for his sins goes in pilgrimage to Mahumed bare-headed secondly as he that had cast off his wife and taken her again they added this third that if they stood not to the Couenants of State ilz fussent dishonorez deshontez come le Sarazin que mange le chair de Pourceau as De Ionuille that was amongst them with S. Lewes speaks Ismael saith he for that reason was wont to keep a very fat Hog and still call him by the name of that Turk which then raigned thus Hunggiar Baiazeth or Hunggiar Selim. This Ismael was the first Persian King that bare the now famous name of SOPHI And its origiginall thus take Besides the foure associats of Mahumed Abubaker Omer Othman and Ali which presently after him were the propagators of his sensles traditions there are other ancient Doctors forsooth of that Church they call them Imamlar as n Cantacuzeno sunt alia nomina corum qui Mahumedis DoctrinaÌ„ dilatarunt atque vti Pâ—tres aut summâ— Doctores praefuerunt Orat. 〈◊〉 Ebuhanifem Imam Malichim Imam Schoaffim Imam Achmet and others all which foure the Persians deadly hate nor admit they of their doctrine Neither will they allow of any traditions from Abubaker Omer or Othman they are altogether for Ali to whom they say the Angel Gabriel should haue giuen the Alcoran but by error in stead of him he tooke it to Mahomet and that Ali should haue been the generall Chaliph but that the other three by aid from som which ill bare themselues in that holy state cosend him of it A controuersie worth examining Not a book or monument of the doctrine of either of those three but when they find it they burn it This Sect from Ali was deduced into Persiae by the doctrine of one Schach Sophi who deriud himself from Ali and liud about M. CCC LXX But an African o Lib. Elfacni ap Leon. Afric hist. 3. Atqui memineris hîc quae habet Will. Tyrius hist. Hierosol lib. 1. cap. 4. lib. 19. cap. 20. de Sunni Schia vt impressi Codices loquuntur atque eum insuper de Ali consulas quin Ionuillanum in Vit. S. Ludouici cap. 30. 57. mira sane est inter Scriptores de hoc pseudopropheta ac de eius sequacibus discrepantia quam hic occuratius euncleare non est operae pretium expressely affirms that in Mahumedisme were anciently LXXII Sects and now but two that is the Persian which he calls Imamia namd from the doctrine it seems deliuerd by Imamlar i. Priests or Doctors and Ali was specially namd Imam and Leshari which those of Afrique Turkie Egypt Spain and Arabia follow What his Leshari is I know not vnles those which follow Aser Ben Cheter of whom Cantacuzen speaks as of one of their
alij praesules saith he in partem solicitudinis à summo Pontifice euocantur vt spiritualem exerceant Gladium sic a Principe in Ensis Materialis communionem Comites quidam quasi Mundani iuris Praesules asciscuntur Et quidem qui hoc Officij gerunt in Palatio Iuris Autoritate Palatini sunt qui in Prouincijs Prouinciales Whereto adde but that such as with Palatin iurisdiction are constituted ouer Prouinces are Palatins in Prouinces and the true cause and origination of the name is thence most manifest For the Empire you see how this fits in the Palatins or Pfaltzgraffen of Rhine of whose Territorie and State the learned and Noble Marquard Freher Counsellor to the present Frederick v. hath sufficiently instructed his Readers That Prince Palatin is by ancient institution in n Verba Aureae Bullae Carol. 4. cap. 5. partibus Rheni sueuiae in Iure Franconio ratione Principatus seu Comitatus Palatini priuilegio Prouisor ipsius imperij administrator in the Vacancie of the Empire but specially also Imperator siue Rex Romanorum supra causis pro quibus impetitus fuerit habeat sicut ex consuetudine introductum dicitur coram Comite Palatino Rheni sacri Imperij Archidapifero Electore Principe respnodere illud tamen iudicium Comes ipse Palatinus non alibi praeterquam in Imperiali Curia vbi Imperator seu Romanorum Rex praesens extiterit poterit exercere And wheras some * De Duce Saxoniae v. Marqhuard Freher Orig. Palat. 1. Dukes Marquesses and Counts challenging and enioy 〈…〉 almost all soueraintie haue not this addition you must remember that the first institution of an honor and continuance of the name vsd are the main causes of a distinct Title not so much vsurpation of Royalties or lawfull possessession alone The very word Landtgraue among the Princes of the Empire is known of great Dignitie and neer the best of Soueraintie yet it literally interprets but Comes Prouincialis although an old o Rigordus in vita Philippi Aug. pag. 207. French autor regarding more the substance of it as it s appli'd then the signification turns it into Comes Palatinus Eodem anno saith he that is M. CCVIII quidam Comes Palatinus qui eorum lingua Landgraue the printed books haue Landanga but questionles erroneously vocabatur Philippum Romanum Imperatorem interfecit The like in proportion must be thought of an ignorant p Roger. de Houeden in Hen. 2. fol. 339. English writer of the Monkish times deliuering that Prothosouastos he means Protosebastos in Latin is Comes Palatij He knew it was a great Dignitie in the Eastern Empire and therefore thought so In France vntill Thebault the Great Count of Champagne about M. XXX I remember not any Prouinciall Count hauing this title of Palatin But he then reuolting from Hen. 1. of France and ioyning to the German Emperor Henry III. either took from the Emperor or arrogated to himself the Title In his Charters is read Theobaldus Comes Campaniae Palatinus and in French Thebault de Champagne Brie Quens Palazins as q Et voyes Andre de Chesne Antiq. Recherch liure 1. chap. 73. Pithou deliuers That Countie is now long time hath bin in the Crown but retains stil good marks of Palatin souerainty This Honor hath bin and is in England at this day Chester Durham Ely Lancaster are famous by it Oâ—e Hugh Wolf was made Earl of Chester by William I. and the Countie giuen him in see Tenendum sibi Heredibus ita vere ad Gladium sicut ipse Rex tenebat Angliam ad Coronam And as the King so hee for his heirs there had their Barons by thâ—t name specially known In a Charter of the same Hugh's foundation of the Monasterie of S. Werburg he saies Ego Comes Hugo mei Barones confirmauimus And in Liberties anciently giuen by one of the Ranulphs Count Palatin there to his Barons hee r Inspex 18. Hen. 6 part 2. memb 34. grants quod vnusquisque eorum Curiam suam habeat liberam de omnibus Placitis querelis in Curia Mea motis exceptis Placitis ad Gladium meum Pertinentibus For their Barons more anon But the Soueraintie claimd by those Earls may well appeare in a relation of Earl Iohn his carrying the Sword calld the Curtan at the marriage of Henry III. and Queen Elianor daughter to Raymund Earle of Prouence Comite Cestriae saith Matthew Raris Gladium S. Edwardi qui Curtein dicitur ante Regem baiulante in siguum quod Comes est Palatinus Regem si oberret habeat de iure Potestatem cohibendi suo sibi scilicet Cestrensi Constabulario ministrante virga populum cum se incrdinatè ingereret subtrahente This Countie Palatine hath its Officers almost as the King in Westminster Hall Lancaster by Edward III. was created into a Countie Palatin by expresse name the Charters and particulars whereof euery Student knows out of Plowden These two being both now in the Crown may be calld Lay Palatinats with vs for also of great autoritie are the other two of Durham and Ely but both Bishopriques That of Ely began to be so vnder Henry the first That of Durham I think vnder the Norman Conqueror For one Egelric being there Bishop about his time was for offence to the State deposd and in his steed one Walker put qui esset Dux pariter Prouinciae Episcopus as the Monk of s De gest Pontis lib. 3. Malmesbury saies fraenarétque rebellionem Gentis Gladio reformaret mores eloquio But the chief priuiledges of Durham haue been anciently deriud from the holy respect had to S. Cutbert Bishop of Lindisfarn that is now calld Holy Iland whose bodie was thence in the Saxon times translated into Durham Therefore the Monks stile it Cutberti Terra and call the t Hist. Dunel apud Camd. country men Halywerk Folks which is ment in one of our u 5. Ed. 〈◊〉 fol. 58. pl. 88. yeer-books where Durham is rememberd with the name of Franchise de Werk For so you must read not Franchise de Wrek as the publisht books haue The case is in them misreported and very imperfit See the x Tit. Iurisdiction 30. Abridgment of it which questionles was from a better copie and you will confesse it Neither without that can you find reason why the Writ of Right of Aduowson should lie at Westminster for an enheritance in Durham The Bishop is there calld Count Paleys and in another place y 17. Ed. 3. fol. 36. pl. 4. Counte de Palais and that he was z 14. Ed. 3. tit Error 6. vide Bracton lib. 3. de Corona cap. 8. § 4. Come Roy. In the North parts anciently Hexamshire was reckond for a Countie Palatin It is the same which in the printed Monks occurrs by name of Hangulstad or Hangulstadeim and the like names corrupted But my Ms. of a De gest
are in like forme brought into their ch 〈…〉 er There they change their habits and put on a red silk robe a white hat with like feathers vpon a linnen cap and white Gloues Then they take horse their horses bearing a Crosse on the forehead Before euery of them their Pages on horseback bear a Sword hatcht with gold in a Belt and on it gilt spurres hanging The two Esquires riding on each side Before them Trumpets In this solemnitie they go to Court where by two ancient Knights euery of them is led to the King The Page deliuers the Sword and Belt and the Spurres to the Lord Chamberlain he with great reuerence to the King The King girds the Knight with it and commands the two ancient Knights to put on his Spurs and they were wont saith the learned Clarenceulx to kisse the created's knees with an acclamation of best wishes Then they dine all together sitting all on one side of the Table euerie one vnder his Shield They go to Euening Prayer to the Chappell there offer their Swords and with another Oblation redeem them As they come back the Kings chief Cook shewing them his knife warns them that they proue themselues good and faithfull Knights which if they doe not he menaces them to cut off their Spurs On the Coronation day they weare a blew robe and wait girded with their Swords and Spurr'd hauing on their left shoulder a hood and a ribband or such like of white silk Of this ribband thus Segar Charter describing the old fashion He shall be apparelled in a blew Gown with the Manches open in the maner of a Priest and he shal haue at his left shoulder a lace of white silk hanging which he shall wear vppermost on his Garment so long till hee haue gained honor in Armes and bee recorded by some noble Knights Esquires and Heralds of Armes for som memorable deeds done by him or by some Noble Prince or Noble Ladie which may cut away the lace from the knights shoulder saying Sir we haue heard much of your renown and that you haue done in diuers places to the great honor of Chiualrie for your self and him that made you knight Therefore reason would that this lace be taken from you This Order is now speciall and in another Rank before common Knights yet it seems that anciently none were at all knighted but thus if you regard only the chiefest of the ceremonies Remember what we haue before out of Iugulph And for the Vigils see the h Florilegus sub A. 1306. relation of them kept in the Temple at the knighting of Prince Edward of Caernaruan And I remember Nicholas Upton that wrote de re Militari vnder Henrie VI. speaks of that wearing the Riband as belonging generally to Knights Most Knights then were in the more ancient daies as Knights of the Bath for the more ancient ceremonies of creation remain in them only And therefore howeuer the name hold not so vniuersally it s not amisse to make them as Bannerets such as haue or haue had their distinct honor not so much limited to any particular State Those two Bachelors and of the Bath you may comprehend vnder the generall name of Equites Aurati or Caualieri di sprone as Sansouino calls them i. knights of the spur And most of the other Orders which are appropriat to their particular Countries you may with him stile Caualieri di Collana or Equites Torquati i. such as for a speciall ensigne of their honor haue som speciall Chain Collar or such like ornament denoting it I iterat speciall because also others haue the right of wearing Collars giuen them as it seems in that of Iohn Gower a Noble English Poet vnder Richard II. and Hen. IV. buried in the North side of S. Mary Ouerieâ— Church in Southwark with his statue on him his head circled with a Chaplet of red Roses and about his neck a Collar of S S. But they haue them as speciall gifts of priuat fauor and as additaments to their honor not as a note of their Order except only such as are created Esquires by a i Torquium dator dictus Athelstanus Antiquiss cuidam scriptori apud Henric. Huntingdon lib. 6. de Torquibus a Romanorum Impp. datis non est vt quid hic quis expectet Collar of S S. giuen Therefore Sansouino speaking of Knights Bachelors or of the Spur Portano saith he similimente la Collana come i Prencipi come puro dono de chi li crea non come Segno d'ordine alcuno di Caualeria regolata Such kind of gifts are anciently found in the stories of Pharaoh Mordechai and passages of the Maccabees and in the Torques Armillae the like of the Romans And after the battell of Caleis Edward III. wearing a rich Chaplet k Froissart vol. 〈◊〉 on his head made of gold and stones gaue it to a worthy knight Eustace of Ribaumont commanding him to weare it all that yeer as the Kings fauor Mongst Knights di Collana foure are of speciall and of most honor that of the Gartier with vs of the Anunciada in Sauoy of the Golden Fleece in Burgundie and of S. Michael and de Saint Esprit in France Of them and som others briefly That most honorable Order l Periscelidis siue Garterij Ordo of the Gartier was as is truly supposd instituted here by Edward III. soon after his victories against the French at Caleis About M. CCC L. Some and the most part affirme that the King dancing with the Queen or rather the Countesse of Salisburie whom he much affected a Garter fell from her The King took it vp and ware it on his leg and whether vpon the Queens ielousie or his Lords merrie obseruing it told them Hony soit que maly pense And that he would make it the most honorable Garter that euer was worn Others think the Garter was vsd for some symbole before his successefull battell Howsoeuer he made of this an Order of XXVI knights vnder the patronage of S. George and the Garter to be worn on the left leg inscribd by embrodering with those French words The Collar of the Order being of pure gold made of Garters and knots and enameld with Roses white and red weying about XXX ounces Troy weight with the Image of George richly garnished with slones thereat hanging Froissart that hath many particulars of the Kings affection to the Countesse and then liud speaks of no such thing as hir Gartier but in M. CCC XLIV puts the institution de la Confrairie Saint George or de les Cheualiers de bleu lartier as he calls it and makes the number at the first Iousting fortie Which referre to that which we haue anon out of Walsingham touching the Round Table vnder the same yeer and more light will bee giuen to both autors in those passages But in the book of the m Camd. in A. trâ—batijs videsis Leland ad Cygn Cantâ—onem institution of this
was as the Sherif among the Saxons 225. 254. and sate in the Turn with the Bishop ibid. 388. when that was altered ibid. Difference of Ealdormen 226. 227. 269. 270 See in Alderman Ealdordom 255 Ebrew See in Tongues Eddin what 112 Edgar written Emperor 25. 35 rowed ouer Dee by 8. Kings 35 his dominion 55. Edgar Etheling 177 Edward III. writing to Philip de Valois King of France would not stile him King 30 Eires and Enquests there 321 Elamits See in Aelamits Elymaei 109 Electors what they bear 158 Elephant in Caesars coyne and the word in diuers languages 69. See in Orders Ely made a Countie Palatin 247 Eleutho whence for Lucina 165 Elhabassen i. Ethiopians 86 Emperor the beginning of the name 19. Those of the East and West differing about the Title 22. seq 387. vsed by the English Kings 25. 35. and Spanish â—6 Emperor of Russia how he vseth that Title 28. How the Emperor is Dominus Mundi to the Ciuiuilians 26. See in Britons How the Emperors tooke their Surnames 72. Emperors See in Computation in Annointing in Crowns Empires ensignes obsolet in Praefat. Emperor of Germanie calld Vrum Padischah 103 Enessarlar 106 Enosha first Citie built of the world 14 Englands King anciently claimed quicquid Imperator in Imperio in point of supremacie 26. 38. Free from the Pope ibid. See in King in Imperator England when how and by whom named 31. see in Ang. in Heptarchie Entimos in a Charter of Edward III. 198 English Kings annointed 133. when first ibid. Crown'd first 153 See in Britons and in Arthur Eorles See Earles Epitaphs 124 125. 174. 36. Equites Romani 324. the Ordo Equestris as touching their Gold Rings disputed of 325. the Notes of an Eques 326 Equites Illustres 275. 324 Equus Publicus 325 Equestris Census 320 Equites Aurati 317. 361 Erdebil See in Haidar Ereskin first Vicount in Scotland 256 Erlic 223 Esau's kissing Iacob according to Iewish Tradition 42 Espee de Dauid Elias 96 Escuyer 340 Esquier 340. whence the name and how in our Languages 341. the same with Knaue ibid. fiue sorts of Esquiers 342. One made Esquier by Patent in Praefat. One retain'd to be Esquier in time of Peace 344. Esquiers attending on Knights 340 Ethiopian Emperor 16. See in Tongues and in Prester Iohn Etheling 176. 177. 224 Exerif 1. Serif 96 Excellentia Vestra 120 Excellent Grace 122 Exercitualo 272 Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis munitio reserued alwaies in the freest of Sax. Charters 301 F FAtuitas tua Maxima to the Pope in the French Kings letters 117 Fesse and Marocco Emperor his title 103 Feuds there beginning 293. seq something like them in the old Roman State 294. 295. whether the Lombards were chief autors of them 295. seq against common opinion 297. whence transferd to other parts 297. Nobilitie from Feuds 295. 296. Feuds in the Eastern Empire 297. deriuation of the word 302 Feud See Field Feuds made hereditarie 295 Feuds not to be aliened 297 Feuds in England before the Normans 300 Fealtie 190 Fief See Feud Filz aisne de l'esglise 79 Filius Ecclesiae Maior Minor Tertius 79 Fitzhaimon See Mabile Fire born before the Emperors of Rome and Persian Kings in Praefat. Flauius the forename of Lombardian Kings 76 Florence where PP Pius v. would haue made Cosmo di Medices King but the neighbour Princes would not suffer it 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the Duke by the Pope 153. 206. 207. the Inscription vpon the Crown 207 Flanders Earldom its Dignitie 116 its beginning 195 Foragia 270 Fodrum 270 Forinsecum 283 Franks the generall name 37. 75 Frater Solis Lunae in a Kings Title 62 France See in Augustus in Annointing in Dukes in Bretagne in Christianissimus in Filius and Filz A coniecture of one why they admit no womans Gouernment 176. see in Salique See in Grecian Frank Padischach 1. King of France 103 Frilingi what 177 Freeheeren 283 Furca Fossa See in Pit and Gallowes G GAbriel the Angell and his deliuery of the Alcoran 104. 105 Gabriels wing cause of the Eclipse 163 Gaurlar 1. Christians 100 Gaesi 298 Gentrie See the Praeface George S. what 363. called Tropaeophorus 364. and Chederle ibid. Genius Caesaris 64 Gelal 110 Ge the Saxon particle 222 Gelt 264 Girding with the sword 238. See in the Creations of Duke Count c. Giul a Rose 89 Gian Belul 85 Giaen the Chaldè in Ethiopia 86 Glocester Earldom began 130 Gladius Comitatus Ducatus 237. 312 Gladij jus vsus 312 Globe and Crosse interpreted 159. See in Crosse. Globe in the Turkish Banner 378 Gower the Poet buried and how 361. 362 Golden world a meere fiction Gomman 44 Gods of the Idolaters in Princes Names so of the true God 65. 66 Gods applied to Princes 62. some stiling themselues Gods ibid. Reason why it s a denying of a Prince his Title iâ— giuing him the name of God 63. Iests on them which call'd their Princes Gods 67 Grands 206 Grafio Graue Greue 221. 226 Grafia 222 Greistock Baron 283 Grace 123 Grand Maistre of France 244 Grand Escuyer 342 Greece the ancient State of it 5. the name of Greece applied to some inward part of Asia 75. 76 Greek patches often affected by old Monks 22. Greek affected in this Western part in the middle times 198 Grithbreche 390 Grecians stiling forein Dignities by the names of those Countries to which they were applied 24 Grecian glory affected by the French Kings 258. 298 Great King by whom vsed 33 Gues Guas or Gais 297. 298 Guassdewr 298 Gylas a Dignitie 89 H HAue 1. Salue whence 53 Haudoni Haudonni in Plautus 53 Hannibal the name in Scripture 67 Harmodius and Aristogiton no bondman to be called so 67 Haman in Esther of what countrie he was 75 Han for Chan. 89 Haidar Prince of Erdebill 105. father to Ismael Sophi ibid. why he is called Arduclles and Ardebille 107 Hautesse Hastae for Diademata 149 Halil the Goddesse Alilat 165 Haeresis de Inuestitura 201 Half-koning 1. half king 227 Haliwerk Folks 248 Haut Iustice. 253 Hhabassia i. Terra Ethiopia 86 Hamilton first Marq. in Scotland 217 Hanses of the Goths in Praefat. Haire long worne by the French Kings See in the Praeface Hairs of horse tailes in ancient and late vse in the wars 378 Heptarchie of England vnder one 30 Herbam Dare victos 34 Helen mother of Constantine 37 Herus 48 Henry 11. his conquest and title in Ireland 55 Henry VIII against Luther 79 Hemiromomelin 99 Hegira of the Mahumedans 100. and its Root 163 Helme Radiant 140. Helme Gilt. 288. 289. Hehelguim See Ailwin Henty 1. See in Mabile Hertzoghen and Hertochij 208 Heriots 225. 272 Hehgerefas 225 Hexamshire its ancient names and a Countie Palatin 248 Heeren 283 Herefordshire Lawes 233 High and Mightie Prince 123 Highnesse 123 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Plague 137