alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o ivlius_fw-la caesar_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o rome_n a_o man_n learned_a and_o of_o great_a magnanimity_n consider_v that_o the_o roman_a year_n be_v reckon_v confuse_o according_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n &_o by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o their_o intercalar_a month_n to_o make_v the_o same_o agree_v with_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o instigation_n of_o sosigenes_n a_o expert_a mathematician_n about_o 44_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n devise_v a_o new_a foâ—me_n of_o calendar_n first_o frame_v after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n divide_v the_o whole_a year_n into_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n make_v it_o to_o contain_v twelve_o month_n whereof_o the_o name_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n beginning_n from_o march_n for_o the_o first_o month_n which_o cause_v september_n october_n november_n and_o december_n to_o bear_v their_o name_n the_o seven_o eightth_v nine_o and_o ten_o month_n yet_o all_o year_n by_o the_o almanac_n putttng_a januarie_n for_o the_o first_o month_n bear_v the_o name_n according_o from_o the_o heathen_a god_n janus_n paint_v with_o two_o face_n as_o it_o be_v behold_v the_o year_n past_a and_o the_o year_n to_o come_v february_n be_v so_o call_v of_o certain_a sacrifice_n then_o offer_v call_v februa_n march_v of_o mars_n a_o heathen_a god_n april_n month_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o the_o word_n aperio_fw-la open_v all_o vegetible_n and_o other_o thing_n may_v of_o maya_n the_o mother_n of_o mercury_n june_n a_o juniore_fw-la for_o that_o all_o the_o young_a people_n have_v a_o meeting_n in_o that_o month_n for_o recreation_n july_n of_o his_o own_o name_n julius_n and_o augustus_n for_o the_o enlarge_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o odd_a six_o hour_n can_v not_o convenient_o be_v bring_v to_o account_v every_o year_n he_o ordain_v that_o every_o four_o year_n one_o day_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o february_n because_o four_o time_n six_o hour_n make_v up_o a_o whole_a day_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n and_o the_o year_n wherein_o this_o odd_a day_n fall_v year_n the_o leap_v year_n we_o call_v common_o leap_v year_n have_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o day_n and_o because_o it_o be_v add_v at_o the_o six_o calends_n of_o march_n it_o be_v name_v in_o latin_a bissixtus_fw-la or_o bissextilis_fw-la annus_fw-la nevertheless_o julius_n caesar_n do_v begin_v his_o calendar_n in_o januarie_n when_o the_o sun_n enter_v the_o eight_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n eight_o day_n after_o the_o winter_n solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la which_o then_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n fall_v upon_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o december_n and_o the_o spring_n time_n equinoctium_n about_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march_n equinoctium_n equinoctium_n the_o which_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o change_v and_o sliden_fw-mi back_o in_o the_o julian_n calendar_n from_o the_o say_a observation_n of_o the_o spring_n equinoctium_n as_o also_o from_o the_o harvest_n equinoctium_n be_v about_o the_o twenty_o six_o of_o september_n the_o long_a day_n then_o fall_v out_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o june_n ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n of_o prevention_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o the_o twelve_o eleven_o and_o ten_o day_n of_o the_o say_a month_n and_o the_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o of_o september_n but_o the_o chief_a cause_n proceed_v by_o reason_n that_o julius_n caesar_n do_v reckon_v the_o year_n to_o continue_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o just_a astronomer_n calculation_n by_o ten_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o forty_o four_o second_n account_v sixty_o minute_n to_o a_o hour_n and_o sixty_o second_n to_o a_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o year_n true_o contain_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n five_o hour_n forty_o nine_o minute_n error_n the_o difference_n as_o the_o account_n of_o year_n for_o the_o error_n and_o sixteen_o second_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v which_o difference_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o make_v one_o whole_a day_n and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n be_v the_o time_n that_o the_o julian_n calendar_n be_v set_v forth_o until_o the_o last_o year_n it_o come_v to_o twelve_o day_n twenty_o two_o hour_n forty_o minute_n and_o twenty_o five_o second_n for_o this_o cause_n sundry_a learned_a man_n have_v heretofore_o desire_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v reform_v to_o avoid_v inconvenience_n and_o to_o have_v a_o true_a account_n of_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v propound_v to_o diverse_a general_a counsel_n but_o take_v no_o effect_n till_o now_o of_o late_a year_n by_o mean_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o and_o then_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o one_o aloysius_n lilius_fw-la professor_n in_o mathematic_a astrology_n to_o set_v down_o this_o long_o desire_a reformation_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v the_o same_o exact_o by_o true_a account_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o clergy_n for_o they_o will_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v draw_v back_o any_o further_a than_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 328_o and_o hereupon_o he_o bring_v the_o reckon_n back_o only_o ten_o day_n &_o cause_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o december_n to_o be_v call_v the_o twenty_o five_o day_n inconvenience_n alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v but_o observe_v in_o some_o place_n and_o bring_v great_a controversy_n in_o diverse_a country_n see_v the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n and_o other_o festival_n day_n and_o also_o day_n of_o keep_v of_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v change_v and_o hold_v ten_o day_n before_o the_o accustom_a time_n and_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o make_v their_o contract_n and_o obligation_n be_v often_o disappoint_v of_o their_o day_n of_o payment_n with_o diverse_a other_o inconvenience_n whereas_o man_n of_o true_a judgement_n may_v have_v make_v this_o argument_n be_v it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o time_n grow_v by_o certain_a minute_n and_o second_v every_o year_n arise_v to_o one_o whole_a day_n every_o four_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n then_o as_o it_o be_v increase_v thereby_o thirteen_o day_n in_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n decrease_v so_o much_o in_o few_o year_n calendar_n a_o true_a and_o good_a reformation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n by_o leave_v out_o and_o suspend_v that_o one_o day_n which_o be_v so_o add_v until_o it_o come_v to_o his_o first_o institution_n and_o calculation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n which_o may_v be_v reform_v in_o fifty_o two_o year_n begin_v from_o the_o year_n 1620_o be_v leap_v year_n and_o leave_v out_o thirteen_o day_n which_o be_v little_o more_o than_o one_o hour_n in_o the_o say_v and_o be_v no_o perceptable_a difference_n and_o after_o the_o say_v fifty_o two_o year_n expire_v to_o add_v the_o say_a day_n again_o and_o there_o will_v not_o increase_v any_o one_o day_n more_o but_o in_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n and_o all_o the_o yearly_a observation_n may_v be_v accommodate_v according_o i_o make_v a_o exact_a table_n hereof_o in_o the_o year_n 1604_o whereby_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n fall_v out_o again_o to_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n this_o table_n be_v show_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v and_o howsoever_o please_v yet_o for_o some_o cause_n to_o i_o unknown_a not_o hold_v fit_a to_o be_v establish_v chap._n iii_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o unity_n be_v the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n of_o number_n which_o have_v a_o reference_n unto_o god_n the_o only_a fountain_n of_o goodness_n the_o only_a father_n creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o we_o all_o here_o let_v we_o note_v that_o the_o philosopher_n have_v not_o only_o with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v that_o great_a mystery_n and_o virtue_n be_v contain_v in_o number_n but_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v also_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o jerome_n augustine_n origen_n ambrose_n basil_n athanasius_n hilarius_n rabanus_n beda_n and_o other_o among_o who_o doctor_n rabanus_n have_v make_v a_o book_n of_o the_o virtue_n which_o be_v hide_v under_o number_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mystery_n comprehend_v under_o number_n saint_n john_n in_o the_o revelation_n will_v not_o have_v say_v he_o that_o have_v understanding_n let_v he_o reckon_v the_o number_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o beast_n jiiiii_n
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
anne_n his_o majesty_n consort_n for_o her_o land_n there_o he_o take_v not_o the_o benefit_n hereof_o as_o he_o may_v have_v do_v but_o the_o say_a queen_n have_v the_o same_o in_o like_a manner_n a_o deo_fw-la dando_fw-la or_o deodant_fw-la appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o ship_n or_o boat_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v unaware_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n it_o be_v sufficient_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o spoil_v to_o prove_v his_o good_n by_o his_o mark_n and_o the_o shipwreck_n may_v not_o only_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o person_n live_v but_o also_o by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o preparation_n of_o their_o voyage_n even_o their_o own_o parent_n and_o child_n if_o none_o of_o the_o ship_n break_v be_v alive_a chap._n xxx_o of_o partner_n of_o ship_n and_o voyage_n forasmuch_o as_o partner_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n can_v be_v constrain_v by_o the_o law_n to_o remain_v in_o partenership_n although_o they_o have_v make_v a_o covenant_n never_o to_o sunder_v or_o separate_v themselves_o therefore_o be_v there_o many_o consideration_n to_o be_v have_v and_o require_v in_o the_o same_o and_o first_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v and_o accustom_v that_o if_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n new_o build_v or_o buy_v between_o they_o shall_v fall_v out_o and_o be_v at_o variance_n the_o say_a ship_n shall_v be_v employ_v and_o make_v one_o voyage_n first_o oleron_n law_n of_o oleron_n upon_o their_o common_a charge_n and_o adventure_n before_o any_o of_o the_o partner_n be_v hear_v to_o sunder_v and_o discharge_v their_o part_n and_o after_o that_o if_o they_o can_v agree_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v free_a be_v to_o offer_v to_o the_o rest_n his_o part_n and_o to_o set_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n as_o he_o will_v either_o hold_v or_o sell_v which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v and_o yet_o refuse_v to_o set_v the_o ship_n forth_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o partner_n then_o may_v they_o rig_v the_o say_a ship_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o also_o upon_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o refuser_n so_o far_o as_o his_o part_n do_v extend_v without_o any_o account_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o he_o of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n at_o her_o return_n but_o they_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o he_o to_o bring_v she_o home_o safe_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o part_n to_o be_v answerable_a for_o and_o that_o just_o because_o ship_n be_v make_v and_o invent_v in_o common_a for_o the_o use_n of_o all_o man_n even_o of_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o mountain_n as_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o ordain_v for_o sail_v and_o not_o to_o lie_v idle_a and_o unoccupied_a but_o if_o the_o person_n who_o have_v most_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n refuse_v to_o abide_v in_o partenership_n with_o he_o who_o have_v a_o small_a part_n that_o neither_o he_o can_v sell_v his_o part_n at_o a_o price_n without_o great_a loss_n nor_o be_v yet_o able_a for_o want_v of_o mean_n to_o attain_v or_o buy_v their_o part_n then_o be_v they_o all_o bind_v to_o put_v the_o ship_n to_o a_o appraisement_n and_o so_o to_o dispose_v of_o she_o by_o sale_n or_o set_v of_o she_o forth_o on_o a_o voyage_n according_o by_o mean_n whereof_o their_o discord_n may_v be_v end_v and_o the_o ship_n not_o spoil_v and_o if_o for_o want_n of_o buyer_n in_o that_o place_n the_o poor_a partner_n can_v neither_o avoid_v the_o oppression_n of_o the_o rich_a nor_o yet_o the_o rich_a satisfy_v the_o poor_a man_n which_o may_v also_o be_v wilful_a then_o may_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n or_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n deal_n and_o decree_v the_o same_o as_o he_o may_v do_v in_o omnibus_fw-la alijs_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la actionibus_fw-la and_o consider_v of_o all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o difference_n and_o of_o their_o motive_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v administer_v justice_n in_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a right_n in_o case_n where_o owner_n do_v agree_v and_o voyage_n be_v undertake_v there_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v place_v by_o the_o owner_n owner_n a_o master_n place_v by_o the_o owner_n and_o they_o ought_v to_o make_v good_a the_o master_n fact_n and_o deed_n so_o that_o the_o master_n may_v lay_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o one_o of_o the_o owner_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n shall_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la of_o their_o portion_n be_v contributory_a thereunto_o except_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v so_o several_o divide_v among_o they_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v not_o his_o power_n and_o commission_n of_o they_o all_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v bind_v himself_o above_o his_o commission_n as_o if_o he_o have_v take_v up_o money_n to_o mend_v the_o ship_n when_o as_o he_o need_v it_o not_o or_o that_o he_o have_v no_o commission_n at_o all_o in_o which_o case_n the_o lender_n commit_v a_o oversight_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o against_o the_o master_n but_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o mend_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o master_n shall_v spend_v the_o same_o another_o way_n the_o owner_n be_v to_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n notwithstanding_o and_o above_o all_o thing_n money_n lend_v for_o victual_n to_o the_o ship_n company_n shall_v be_v pay_v and_o prefer_v before_o all_o other_o debt_n if_o a_o merchant_n contract_v with_o a_o mariner_n that_o be_v not_o a_o master_n be_v therein_o oversee_v he_o must_v content_v himself_o for_o he_o can_v have_v no_o action_n against_o the_o owner_n except_o for_o a_o fault_n do_v by_o a_o mariner_n which_o have_v be_v hire_v and_o put_v in_o by_o the_o owner_n again_o albeit_o that_o by_o the_o sea-lawe_n the_o owner_n may_v not_o pursue_v any_o person_n oblige_v to_o the_o master_n yet_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o pursue_v upon_o the_o master_n contract_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v principal_a contractor_n because_o herein_o they_o do_v represent_v and_o undertake_v the_o person_n of_o the_o master_n and_o these_o privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o owner_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o augmentation_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o all_o to_o the_o owner_n as_o for_o passenger_n which_o be_v find_v unable_a to_o pay_v and_o so_o be_v not_o owner_n bind_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o master_n negligence_n but_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a if_o the_o owner_n be_v in_o place_n that_o the_o master_n do_v not_o let_v the_o ship_n to_o freight_v or_o undertake_v any_o voyage_n without_o the_o privity_n knowledge_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o of_o some_o of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v advise_v by_o they_o whereof_o the_o master_n be_v ignorant_a cahp._n xxxi_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottommarie_n by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la the_o name_n bottommarie_n be_v derive_v by_o the_o hollander_n from_o the_o keel_n or_o bottom_n of_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o parallel_n whereof_o the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v and_o direct_v the_o same_o and_o the_o money_n so_o take_v up_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v common_o do_v upon_o great_a necessity_n when_o money_n must_v be_v have_v in_o foreign_a country_n to_o perform_v a_o voyage_n for_o the_o use_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o be_v very_o great_a at_o 30_o 40_o and_o 50_o pro_fw-la cent_n without_o consideration_n of_o time_n but_o within_o so_o many_o day_n after_o the_o voyage_n end_v bottommarie_n difference_n between_o interest_n money_n and_o bottommarie_n this_o money_n be_v call_v pecunia_n traiectitia_fw-la because_o that_o upon_o the_o lender_n danger_n and_o adventure_v it_o be_v carry_v beyond_o or_o over_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o if_o the_o ship_n perish_v or_o that_o all_o be_v spoil_v the_o lender_n do_v lose_v the_o money_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a money_n let_v at_o interest_n be_v deliver_v on_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o borrower_n so_o that_o the_o profit_n of_o this_o be_v mere_o the_o price_n of_o the_o simple_a loan_n call_v vsura_fw-la hire_v locatio_fw-la or_o hire_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o other_o be_v a_o reward_n for_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o the_o lender_n take_v upon_o he_o during_o the_o loan_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v until_o a_o certain_a day_n after_o the_o voyage_n end_v therefore_o if_o the_o money_n miscarry_v either_o before_o the_o voyage_n begin_v or_o after_o the_o term_n appoint_v for_o the_o full_a loan_n than_o the_o peril_n pertain_v to_o the_o borrower_n
to_o one_o of_o gold_n in_o france_n the_o mark_n of_o gold_n value_v at_o seventie_o four_o crown_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o 6_o â…“_n crown_n make_v the_o proportion_n 11_o 11_o 19_o part_n but_o value_v the_o french_a crown_n at_o three_o frankes_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o in_o england_n the_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o sixty_o shilling_n the_o pound_n troy_n of_o 12_o ounce_n be_v that_o six_o angel_n do_v weigh_v a_o ounce_n make_v also_o eleven_o to_o one_o in_o germany_n one_o mark_n of_o silver_n at_o 8_o ½_n gold_n guilder_n make_v 11_o â…”_n for_o 1_o but_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n be_v alter_v have_v also_o alter_v the_o same_o in_o rome_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n at_o 108_o carlini_n and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 99_o ¼_n be_v 12_o to_o 1._o so_o at_o milan_n the_o ducat_n 112_o and_o the_o teaston_n 28_o be_v but_o 9_o â…“_n for_o 1._o the_o silver_n be_v so_o in_o request_n there_o for_o the_o make_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n that_o be_v to_o say_v silver_n thread_n guilt_n and_o white_a now_o for_o all_o place_n of_o momentary_a traffic_n it_o be_v 12_o to_o 1_o and_o in_o england_n 13_o ½_n to_o 1_o as_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o valuation_n of_o foreign_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n publish_v in_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n on_o the_o 21_o day_n of_o julie_n 1622_o with_o the_o order_n establish_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o the_o say_a valuation_n which_o never_o the_o less_o be_v continual_o infringe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o other_o country_n so_o that_o to_o observe_v our_o own_o rule_n according_a to_o equality_n and_o equity_n will_v be_v find_v the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n of_o politic_a government_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n the_o great_a golden_a rider_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n 11_o 6_o or_o 37_o sâ—_n 8_o do_v the_o half_a of_o the_o say_a rider_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o the_o say_a province_n with_o the_o letter_n 8_o 10_o 28_o 4_o the_o french_a crown_n 3_o 18_o 13_o 0_o the_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n of_o four_o pistolet_n 15_o 8_o 51_o 4_o the_o double_a pistolet_n of_o spain_n 7_o 14_o 25_o 8_o the_o single_a pistolet_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o 17_o 12_o 10_o the_o albertin_n or_o ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a rose_n noble_a of_o england_n 18_o 12_o 62_o 0_o the_o rose_n noble_a of_o henricus_n edward_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n 9_o 6_o 31_o 0_o the_o henricus_n noble_a 8_o 6_o 27_o 8_o the_o flemish_a noble_a old_a and_o new_a of_o the_o unite_a country_n 8_o 0_o 26_o 8_o the_o old_a angel_n of_o england_n 6_o 4_o 20_o 8_o the_o new_a rider_n of_o gelder_n and_n friesland_n 3_o 13_o 12_o 2_o the_o gold_n guilder_n of_o those_o mint_n 3_o 2_o 10_o 4_o all_o which_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v weigh_v with_o their_o accustom_a weight_n and_o the_o remedy_n of_o two_o grain_n and_o no_o more_o with_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n provide_v always_o that_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o due_a fineness_n although_o they_o be_v light_a shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o stiver_n silver_n coin_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z d._n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o low_a province_n 2_o 0_o 6_o 8_o the_o rickx_n dollar_n in_o general_n 2_o 10_o 8_o 4_o the_o cross_n doller_n of_o albertus_n 2_o 7_o 7_o 10_o the_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 8_o 2_o 8_o 8_o 0_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n and_o frise_n with_o the_o eagle_n 1_o 10_o 5_o 0_o the_o floren_n or_o guilder_n of_o friesland_n 1_o 8_o 4_o 8_o the_o english_a shilling_n and_o of_o great_a britain_n 0_o 10_o ½_n 1_o 9_o the_o mark_n piece_n or_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n 0_o 12_o 2_o 0_o the_o harp_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n 0_o 8_o 1_o 4_o and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n be_v find_v to_o want_v of_o their_o weight_n and_o the_o appoint_a remedy_n within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n or_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o they_o shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o penny_n hollandt_n whereof_o 16_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a groat_n be_v make_v bullion_n or_o shall_v not_o be_v currant_n small_a money_n for_o ordinary_a payment_n the_o shilling_n of_o all_o the_o several_a province_n respective_o and_o of_o the_o mint_n of_o nimogen_n deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n 6_o stivers_n the_o half_a shilling_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o stivers_n the_o piece_n call_v flab_n of_o groninghen_n 4_o stiver_n the_o double_a 8_o stivers_n the_o twintigst_a part_n of_o the_o great_a silver_n royal_a 2_o ½_n stivers_n the_o double_a and_o single_a stiver_n of_o all_o these_o country_n 2_o &_o 1_o stiver_n money_n the_o ten_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o copper_n money_n 1_o of_o all_o which_o small_a money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o rent_n interest_n or_o abatement_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n exceed_v in_o one_o parcel_n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o guilder_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ten_o penny_n 2_o the_o duyt_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o province_n make_v in_o the_o provincial_a mint_n and_o none_o other_o be_v as_o yet_o tolerate_v for_o a_o duyt_n and_o all_o other_o copper_n money_n of_o the_o provincial_a mint_n be_v also_o tolerate_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o for_o one_o penny_n the_o piece_n the_o 16_o whereof_o make_v one_o hollandt_n stiver_n and_o not_o above_o whereas_o we_o do_v intend_v hereafter_o to_o prohibit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v currant_n for_o any_o price_n because_o we_o will_v provide_v ourselves_o forthwith_o with_o so_o much_o copper_n money_n as_o the_o commodiousness_n shall_v require_v 3_o we_o do_v also_o prohibit_v from_o henceforth_o no_o copper_n money_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o country_n above_o two_o stiver_n upon_o pain_n often_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n to_o be_v forfeit_v and_o whosoever_o shall_v issue_v any_o copper_n money_n above_o the_o say_a price_n shall_v incur_v the_o like_a penalty_n of_o ten_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n 4_o and_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n shall_v be_v currant_n in_o these_o province_n for_o the_o price_n aforesaid_a declare_v all_o other_o piece_n for_o bullion_n melt_v all_o other_o coin_n make_v bullion_n to_o be_v melt_v which_o by_o this_o our_o proclamation_n be_v not_o value_v prohibit_v any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n to_o be_v offer_v or_o receive_v as_o also_o to_o press_v any_o of_o those_o which_o be_v value_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o a_o high_a price_n than_o they_o be_v value_v and_o likewise_o offer_v to_o put_v forth_o other_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n value_v which_o be_v clip_v wash_v break_a mend_v neiled_a or_o otherwise_o augment_v in_o weight_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n so_o to_o be_v offer_v at_o high_a rate_n than_o this_o proclamation_n do_v permit_v and_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o instant_o discover_v to_o forfeit_v the_o value_n thereof_o and_o moreover_o the_o quadruple_a or_o the_o value_n thereof_o or_o 24_o guilder_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o six_o guilder_n for_o the_o first_o time_n the_o second_o time_n double_a and_o for_o the_o three_o time_n quadruple_a and_o moreover_o arbitrable_a correction_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n 5_o without_o that_o any_o distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v instant_o pay_v from_o foreign_a part_n or_o send_v from_o some_o one_o province_n or_o town_n into_o another_o in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o receiver_n thereof_o will_v be_v free_v of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n he_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o the_o receipt_n thereof_o unto_o the_o magistrate_n or_o other_o officer_n to_o be_v thereunto_o appoint_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v proceed_v therein_o against_o the_o sender_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n as_o it_o shall_v or_o may_v appertain_v 6_o yet_o shall_v the_o say_a receiver_n keep_v the_o say_v coin_v whole_o to_o himself_o if_o the_o say_a money_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o in_o payment_n of_o a_o former_a debt_n and_o nevertheless_o have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o party_n for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o shall_v want_v of_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n be_v send_v for_o any_o debt_n as_o yet_o not_o due_a or_o to_o be_v make_v the_o say_a
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
kintall_n centeners_n talent_n thousand_o weigh_v skippond_n charge_n lispound_n roove_v stone_n and_o such_o like_a the_o second_o fort_n of_o weight_n be_v by_o pound_n mina_n manes_n rotulus_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o division_n of_o weight_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o small_a division_n of_o 12_o 14_o 16_o 18_o 20_o and_o 30_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o the_o subdivision_n thereof_o the_o talon_n of_o the_o grecian_n 60_o minas_n talentum_fw-la talentum_fw-la every_o mana_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la so_o a_o talon_n be_v six_o thousand_o dragmes_fw-la 8_o of_o they_o to_o one_o ounce_n be_v 750_o ounce_n another_o talon_n of_o greece_n be_v 16_o sestertio_n be_v 40_o minas_n or_o pound_n of_o 18_o ounce_n as_o also_o of_o 20_o ounce_n in_o egypt_n it_o be_v 32_o sestertio_n or_o 80_o pound_n the_o 50_o sestertio_n of_o cleopatra_n be_v 125_o will_v in_o thratia_n 48_o sestertio_n be_v 120_o pound_n in_o africa_n 24_o sestertio_n be_v 60_o will_v differ_v also_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n or_o centener_n call_v hundreth_n of_o 100_o 112_o 120_o 125_o 128_o and_o 132_o pound_n the_o hebrew_n do_v call_v cicar_n to_o be_v 50_o minas_n or_o maneg_n weigh_v weigh_v weigh_v be_v common_o 165_o will_v or_o 180_o will_v or_o 200_o 1_o â—_o for_o acharge_v skippound_v skippound_v skippound_v of_o 300_o 320_o 340_o and_o 400_o pound_n the_o skippound_n lyspound_v lyspound_v lyspound_v of_o 15_o and_o 16_o pound_n to_o the_o lyspound_n roove_v roove_v roove_v or_o arroba_n of_o 10_o 20_o 25_o 30_o and_o 40_o pound_n to_o the_o roove_v stone_n stone_n stone_n of_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 14_o 16_o 20_o 21_o 24_o and_o 32_o will_v and_o also_o 40_o will_v as_o more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n mixias_n mixias_n mixias_n be_v also_o use_v whereof_o we_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o some_o book_n be_v ten_o thousand_o and_o be_v common_o understand_v for_o 10000_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o a_o ounce_n and_o 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n bess_n mark_v bess_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v by_o mark_n of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o bess_n of_o 12_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o sicle_n or_o stater_n gerag_v sicle_n stâ—ter_n gerag_v siclus_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o ounce_n also_o half_a a_o ounce_n and_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v gerag_v or_o obolus_fw-la mina_n ptolomaica_fw-la be_v 1_v ½_n rotulus_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a part_n viz._n 18_o ounce_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o rotulus_n 144_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o one_o ounce_n 432_o scruple_n of_o 3_o to_o a_o dragme_n 846_o obulus_fw-la 1296_o lupe_n 2592_o siliquas_fw-la or_o carrat_n maaâ—g_n inna_fw-la or_o maaâ—g_n mina_n of_o the_o grecian_n otherwise_o call_v inna_fw-la or_o maneg_n be_v a_o pound_n 12_o ½_n ounce_n 25_o stater_n or_o ciclos_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la or_o rosoli_n 300_o scruple_n 24_o to_o a_o ounce_n 600_o obolus_fw-la 900_o lupin_n 1800_o siliquas_fw-la 3600_o areola_n or_o chalcos_fw-la rotulus_n in_o arabia_n syria_n asia_n minor_n egypt_n and_o venice_n be_v 1_o will_v 12_o ounce_n or_o sachosi_fw-la 24_o septarios_fw-la or_o cicle_n 84_o denier_n of_o 7_o to_o a_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la or_o darchiny_a 288_o scruple_n or_o grana_n 576_o obolus_fw-la or_o orlossat_n 864_o danig_n 1728_o carrat_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o kestuff_n the_o 7_o denier_n make_v a_o ounce_n and_o there_o be_v dragmes_fw-la also_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o one_o dragme_n call_v alby_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o pound_n be_v divide_v diverse_o in_o 16_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n in_o 8_o dragmes_fw-la or_o fifth_n and_o 8_o part_n and_o in_o france_n they_o call_v they_o 8_o gross_v the_o 128_o make_v one_o pound_n in_o other_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o pound_n in_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o ounce_n ounce_n difference_n of_o pound_n and_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o pound_n and_o ounce_n both_o do_v differ_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o hereafter_o every_o country_n have_v a_o declaration_n thereof_o at_o bridge_n in_o flaunders_n they_o use_v pound_n of_o 14_o ounce_n bridges_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o bridges_n and_o of_o 16_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o 100_o will_v of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 108_o will_v of_o 14_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n of_o 14_o to_o the_o pound_n be_v heavy_a for_o 100_o ounce_n of_o these_o be_v 105_o â…“_n ounce_n of_o the_o 16_o to_o the_o pound_n which_o ounce_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a ounce_n or_o loot_z and_o every_o loot_z in_o 2_o sizayn_n and_o every_o sizayne_n in_o 2_o dragmes_fw-la or_o quintes_n the_o small_a proportion_n and_o subdivision_n of_o other_o place_n be_v as_o follow_v italian_n pound_n for_o physic_n use_v in_o other_o place_n also_o 12_o ounce_n 24_o loot_z 48_o sizayne_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 576_o obolus_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 5760_o grain_n the_o say_a weight_n of_o physic_n be_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n as_o the_o merchant_n will_v 12_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 5760_o grain_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o venice_n 12_o ounce_n 72_o sextulas_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o grain_n the_o pound_n at_o paris_n in_o france_n 16_o ounce_n 128_o gross_v 384_o scruple_n 9216_o grain_n in_o italy_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v 12_o ounce_n 24_o stater_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o pound_n iâ—_n 32_o loott_n 128_o quinte_n 512_o pennings_n 12800_o grain_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o most_o common_o that_o upon_o trial_n of_o a_o unknown_a weight_n we_o do_v begin_v from_o the_o small_a weight_n or_o graine_n and_o so_o ascend_v to_o the_o other_o proportion_n and_o to_o the_o pound_n by_o compare_v the_o same_o to_o our_o grain_n and_o division_n of_o the_o pound_n grain_n difference_n of_o grain_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o mint_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n when_o the_o penny_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 24_o grain_n in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o low-countries_n into_o 32_o grain_n let_v we_o note_v the_o great_a diversity_n abovesaid_a of_o 5760_o grain_n to_o 12800_o use_v at_o vienna_n and_o other_o place_n proportionable_o to_o their_o pound_n and_o consider_v how_o easy_o we_o may_v be_v overtake_v therein_o whereof_o a_o more_o ample_a declaration_n be_v in_o the_o mint_n affair_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o one_o country_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o another_o country_n upon_o the_o hundred_o subtle_a that_o be_v to_o say_v 100_o pound_n even_o weight_n and_o because_o in_o england_n all_o ware_n of_o volume_n or_o bulck_n be_v sell_v some_o by_o the_o hundred_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o some_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o pound_n as_o spice_n sugar_n and_o such_o like_a &_o yet_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o say_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o that_o moreover_o there_o be_v a_o 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as_o aforesaid_a for_o a_o measure_n be_v 300_o road_n and_o square_a 17½_n roads_n contain_v 58800_o foot_n this_o road_n be_v call_v in_o germany_n pertica_fw-la make_v there_o 15_o foot_n and_o in_o flaunders_n account_v 1400_o road_n for_o a_o mile_n be_v 10600_o foot_n in_o length_n a_o way_n one_o road_n broad_a be_v call_v a_o highway_n for_o passenger_n pedantical_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n contain_v 4â…”_n measure_n of_o land_n the_o way_n of_o a_o waggon_n be_v account_v 9â…“_n measure_n some_o in_o flaunders_n do_v reckon_v 1000_o road_n for_o a_o mile_n but_o be_v of_o 20_o foot_n the_o road._n miliare_fw-la be_v the_o distance_n or_o march_v of_o a_o camp_n without_o bait_v call_v rastrum_fw-la or_o rastas_fw-la be_v 4000_o pace_n the_o difference_n between_o mile_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reconcile_v every_o country_n have_v their_o own_o computation_n and_o that_o differ_v in_o most_o place_n within_o themselves_o in_o saxony_n a_o mile_n be_v 4000_o pace_n in_o other_o 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and_o for_o too_o much_o want_n of_o white_a or_o lightness_n come_v blackness_n and_o a_o cloth_n die_v yellow_a be_v put_v into_o the_o blue_n woad_v vessel_n make_v a_o excellent_a greene._n there_o be_v light_n and_o darkness_n before_o the_o planet_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v create_v albeit_o the_o distinction_n between_o day_n and_o night_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sun_n now_o the_o moon_n have_v no_o light_n but_o what_o the_o sun_n do_v impart_v unto_o she_o and_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o four_o element_n do_v approve_v these_o colour_n to_o be_v so_o in_o nature_n whereof_o the_o philosopher_n have_v give_v a_o reason_n according_o but_o consider_v the_o curiosity_n of_o they_o and_o especial_o of_o aristotle_n it_o be_v strange_a unto_o i_o that_o they_o have_v not_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n in_o the_o night_n time_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n which_o colour_n nevertheless_o take_v a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o cloud_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o night_n far_o differ_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o rainbow_n in_o the_o day_n time_n upon_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o all_o colour_n must_v be_v discern_v by_o light_n and_o so_o judge_v according_o yet_o their_o operation_n do_v differ_v very_o much_o as_o may_v be_v show_v the_o property_n of_o all_o colour_n be_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o air_n and_o sun_n and_o all_o of_o they_o do_v vanish_v but_o in_o the_o black_a it_o be_v least_o see_v and_o be_v also_o the_o sure_a have_v his_o ground_n upon_o the_o blue_a so_o it_o be_v a_o blue_a substantial_a of_o woad_n or_o indigo_n which_o be_v the_o extraction_n of_o the_o herb_n glaustum_fw-la or_o anill_n in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n like_v unto_o our_o green_a woad_n but_o the_o leaf_n of_o it_o be_v round_o and_o not_o long_o howbeit_o the_o climate_n and_o ground_n make_v the_o main_a difference_n there_o be_v of_o late_a year_n two_o great_a controversy_n at_o the_o council_n table_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o die_a of_o black-silke_n silk_n die_v of_o black_a silk_n call_v london_n die_v the_o other_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o log-wood_n be_v a_o false_a glorious_a colour_n concern_v the_o london_n die_v of_o silk_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o one_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n be_v by_o sophistication_n of_o additement_n augment_v to_o 32_o ounce_n and_o forty_o ounce_n which_o fraud_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o gummy_a matter_n or_o substance_n whereof_o the_o silk_n be_v not_o purge_v for_o black_a dye_n as_o it_o be_v in_o colour_n whereby_o it_o make_v such_o a_o increase_n in_o weight_n to_o prevent_v this_o abuse_n a_o corporation_n of_o silkeman_n be_v make_v and_o nevertheless_o forasmuch_o that_o a_o reasonable_a increase_n of_o 8_o ounce_n do_v look_v fair_a and_o can_v be_v better_o use_v there_o remain_v a_o toleration_n of_o this_o increase_n in_o london_n the_o way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o fraud_n be_v by_o control_v the_o weight_n by_o measure_n which_o by_o convulsion_n become_v contract_v so_o that_o if_o the_o silk_n be_v purge_v decrease_v 16_o ounce_n to_o 13_o and_o 12_o will_v moderate_o have_v afterward_o some_o increase_n then_o this_o silk_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n in_o skeane_n and_o mark_v with_o lead_n and_o so_o deliver_v to_o the_o dyar_n must_v be_v receive_v according_o without_o such_o contraction_n and_o decrease_n of_o length_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o weight_n these_o two_o control_a each_o other_o the_o indifferent_a course_n therefore_o be_v the_o golden_a means_n logwood_n die_v by_o the_o help_n of_o logwood_n so_o be_v it_o do_v concern_v log-wood_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o fit_a for_o die_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n although_o vanish_v serve_v for_o the_o poor_a people_n wear_v couse_n stuffe_n or_o use_v thing_n of_o small_a value_n that_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v prohibit_v as_o well_o as_o the_o importation_n yet_o now_o of_o late_a there_o be_v a_o competent_a quantity_n admit_v to_o be_v use_v by_o letter_n patent_n and_o proclamation_n a_o table_n of_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o true_a make_n of_o woollen_a clothes_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n declare_v by_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n of_o great_a britain_n etc._n etc._n the_o sack_n of_o wool_n appoint_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o the_o lunare_fw-la year_n of_o 13_o month_n of_o 28_o day_n make_v in_o all_o 364_o will_v or_o 365_o will_v for_o so_o many_o day_n in_o the_o year_n the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v 28_o will_v for_o so_o many_o day_n in_o the_o month_n and_o 13_o todd_n for_o so_o many_o
ware_n and_o durable_a commodity_n to_o the_o impoverish_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o only_o be_v this_o commutation_n or_o exchange_n abuse_v in_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o price_n pay_v too_o dear_a for_o the_o one_o and_o sell_v the_o other_o too_o good_a cheap_a whereby_o come_v a_o overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n in_o price_n and_o quality_n and_o not_o in_o quantity_n whereby_o in_o effect_n commodity_n overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n money_n be_v give_v to_o boot_v and_o as_o it_o be_v over_o and_o above_o the_o reasonable_a estimation_n of_o thing_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n predominant_a and_o overruling_a both_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o large_a demonstrate_v hereafter_o for_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v proper_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n traffic_n the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o traffic_n and_o have_v their_o operation_n according_o the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n true_a it_o be_v that_o this_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n namely_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v his_o original_n from_o the_o soul_n which_o give_v life_n to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v ground_v upon_o money_n and_o money_n be_v invent_v and_o make_v by_o common_a consent_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o right_a and_o true_a judge_n of_o they_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la home_n money_n the_o public_a measure_n at_o home_n or_o the_o public_a measure_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o since_o the_o manner_n of_o exchange_n be_v invent_v between_o nation_n and_o nation_n or_o country_n and_o country_n money_n do_v only_o remain_v the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n or_o commonweal_n of_o every_o country_n between_o man_n and_o man_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n impose_v upon_o money_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n become_v publica_n mensura_fw-la between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n and_o between_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n nation_n exchange_n for_o money_n the_o public_a measure_n between_o nation_n according_a to_o which_o exchangeal_v commodity_n be_v buy_v and_o sold._n and_o albeit_o that_o the_o abundance_n or_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o many_o or_o few_o buyer_n or_o the_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o likewise_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v they_o good_a cheap_a as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n as_o a_o true_a measure_n yet_o we_o must_v observe_v in_o true_a order_n that_o both_o commodity_n and_o money_n be_v passive_a passive_a commodity_n and_o money_n be_v thing_n passive_a since_o the_o exchange_n be_v invent_v which_o be_v only_o active_a and_o that_o in_o country_n where_o all_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v use_v but_o howsoever_o the_o maxim_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o say_v overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n in_o price_n and_o quality_n marcus_z cato_z therefore_o say_v advise_o oportet_fw-la patrem_fw-la familias_fw-la esse_fw-la vendacem_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la a_o prince_n therefore_o as_o the_o father_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o commonwealth_n do_v not_o exceed_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o keep_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o the_o traffic_n betwixt_o his_o kingdom_n and_o foreign_a nation_n riches_n natural_a riches_n artificial_a riches_n for_o riches_n be_v natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o both_o subject_n to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o the_o true_a commutation_n of_o thing_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n commutative_a justice_n distributive_a and_o commutative_a and_o justice_n be_v distributive_a &_o commutative_a every_o man_n of_o judgement_n know_v that_o this_o part_n be_v comprehend_v under_o justice_n commutative_a and_o that_o all_o traffic_n consist_v of_o the_o land_n commodity_n commodity_n land_n commodity_n sea_n commodity_n and_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o last_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o nation_n for_o god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o â—some_a thing_n in_o one_o country_n with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o store_n of_o other_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o interchangeable_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o another_o these_o aphorism_n or_o select_a point_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n for_o as_o be_v note_v before_o gain_v be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o merchant_n be_v procure_v without_o regard_n have_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o wealth_n whereof_o can_v proper_o decrease_v but_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n state_n proper_a cause_n of_o the_o decrease_n of_o wealth_n in_o a_o state_n namely_o by_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n too_o dear_a and_o by_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la when_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n do_v not_o answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o it_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o shall_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v traffic_n exchange_v the_o rudder_n of_o traffic_n for_o this_o exchange_n be_v the_o rudder_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o traffic_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keel_n of_o equity_n which_o do_v rule_n and_o direct_v the_o say_a ship_n upon_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n many_o man_n know_v that_o the_o rudder_n do_v govern_v the_o ship_n can_v notwithstanding_o give_v little_a reason_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o but_o admire_v to_o see_v so_o small_a a_o piece_n of_o timber_n have_v so_o great_a a_o operation_n yet_o no_o man_n be_v so_o foolish_a as_o to_o attribute_v that_o power_n unto_o the_o sail_n or_o any_o other_o appurtenance_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o to_o the_o main_a body_n of_o it_o call_v the_o hull_n of_o the_o ship_n great_a be_v the_o error_n therefore_o of_o those_o that_o will_v ascribe_v any_o effectual_a operation_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o there_o be_v a_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n without_o either_o money_n or_o exchange_n for_o money_n when_o the_o course_n of_o it_o be_v like_o a_o ship_n sail_v without_o rudder_n or_o compass_n money_n may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o compass_n rudder_n money_n as_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o exchange_v the_o rudder_n have_v so_o many_o variation_n upon_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n and_o change_v continual_o from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o valuation_n prince_n and_o commonweal_n take_v advantage_n one_o against_o another_o either_o to_o draw_v treasure_n into_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n or_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o their_o country_n commodity_n and_o exchange_n may_v proper_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n which_o command_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o compass_n according_o and_o so_o do_v the_o exchange_n command_v the_o course_n of_o money_n for_o let_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n be_v alter_v either_o in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n the_o exchange_n by_o alter_v the_o price_n with_o great_a facility_n according_a to_o equity_n be_v able_a to_o meet_v and_o over-rule_v they_o all_o as_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o book_n the_o learned_a have_v determine_v etc._n principle_n or_o axiom_n what_o they_o be_v etc._n etc._n that_o no_o argument_n or_o disputation_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v with_o those_o that_o will_v deny_v principle_n which_o by_o reason_n and_o common_a consent_n be_v indisputable_a and_o stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o undoubted_a principle_n or_o axiom_n we_o know_v that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o his_o part_n that_o two_o be_v more_o than_o one_o and_o that_o two_o equal_a thing_n be_v equal_o divide_v into_o
5400_o geometrical_a mile_n or_o 21600_o ordinary_a mile_n but_o whereas_o the_o mile_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n or_o shire_n do_v differ_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o admit_v one_o measure_n of_o one_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o measure_v the_o whole_a globe_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o map_n which_o be_v not_o only_o intelligible_a unto_o all_o man_n but_o all_o merchant_n also_o may_v have_v use_n hereof_o for_o by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o million_o of_o acre_n compare_v one_o kingdom_n unto_o another_o or_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o country_n they_o may_v know_v the_o bigness_n and_o spaciousness_n thereof_o which_o we_o have_v particular_o observe_v in_o europe_n with_o a_o distinction_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o prince_n in_o these_o several_a country_n know_v by_o the_o name_n france_n italy_n germany_n and_o other_o which_o many_o time_n fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o singular_a occasion_n this_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v to_o be_v two_o three_o part_n water_n or_o sea_n and_o one_o three_o part_n land_n and_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v one_o three_o part_n not_o inhabit_v and_o the_o other_o two_o three_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o whole_a circumference_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a measure_n be_v 19_o 803_o 575000_o which_o be_v 29_o milliars_n 803_o million_o 575_o thousand_o acre_n and_o the_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o million_o a_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o so_o the_o ⅔_n part_n water_n be_v 19_o milliars_n 869_o million_o and_o 50_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n answerable_a and_o the_o other_o part_n three_o be_v 9_o milliars_n 934_o million_o 525000_o acre_n hereof_o deduct_v ⅓_n part_v not_o inhabit_v which_o be_v 3_o milliars_n 311_o million_o 508_o thousand_o acre_n so_o rest_v 6_o milliars_n 623_o million_o 17_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n first_o for_o europe_n or_o christendom_n england_n contain_v 29_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n scotland_n contain_v 14_o million_o 432_o thousand_o acre_n ireland_n contain_v 18_o million_o so_o these_o three_o kingdom_n with_o all_o their_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o land_n adjacent_a under_o the_o diadem_n of_o king_n james_n contain_v 62_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n england_n be_v by_o this_o computation_n according_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o the_o 222_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 333_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o scotland_n may_v be_v full_a the_o one_o half_a of_o this_o computation_n that_o be_v the_o 444_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 666_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o 480_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n unnecessary_a fraction_n in_o cypher_n omit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o according_o for_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n contain_v 10_o million_o 797_o thousand_o acre_n whereof_o the_o reconcile_a province_n with_o spain_n contain_v 7_o million_o 197_o thousand_o acre_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o state_n contain_v 3_o million_o 599_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n divide_v into_o 32_o province_n contain_v in_o all_o 82_o million_o 879_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n contain_v as_o follow_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n castille_n 25_o million_o 730._o andalusia_n 2_o million_o 425_o granado_n 2_o million_o 128_o navarre_n 1_o million_o 458_o leon_n galisia_fw-la 9_o million_o 124_o arragon_n 13_o million_o 104_o biscaye_n 3_o million_o 412_o portugal_n 10_o million_o 154_o in_o all_o contain_v 67_o million_o 535_o thousand_o acre_n italia_n under_o spain_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n naples_n 11_o million_o 704_o lombardie_n 1_o million_o 640_o under_o venice_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n trevisana_n 2_o million_o 584_o verona_n 0_o million_o 480_o frioul_n 1_o million_o 047_o mantua_n 0_o million_o 480_o under_o rome_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n liguria_n 1_o million_o 415_o romagna_n 1_o million_o 085_o latium_n 0_o million_o 480_o hetruria_n 0_o million_o 540_o savoy_n 1_o million_o 910_o piedmont_n 1_o million_o 160_o toscana_n etc._n etc._n 4_o million_o 785_o suria_n and_o florence_n 480_o marca_n 1_o million_o 412_o ancona_n parma_n 0_o million_o 885_o sicilia_n 3_o million_o 113_o cypress_n 1_o million_o 601_o candia_n 2_o million_o 060_o corsica_n 1_o million_o 395_o sardegna_n 4_o million_o 089_o contain_v in_o all_o 44_o million_o 257_o thousand_o acre_n germania_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n saxonia_n 3_o million_o 484_o misina_n 3_o million_o 249_o turnigia_fw-la 1_o million_o 093_o lusatia_n 2_o million_o 572_o bavaria_n 3_o million_o 249_o helsatia_n 3_o million_o 644_o helvetia_n 12_o million_o 328_o basle_n 0_o million_o 842_o swebourgh_n 2_o million_o 109_o salsbourgh_n 1_o million_o 063_o trier_n mentz_n 4_o mill_n 237_o spiers_n strasbourgh_n and_o worm_n juliers_n 0_o million_o 348_o cleave_v 0_o million_o 258_o westphalia_n 2_o million_o 300_o osnab_n 0_o million_o 358_o silesia_n 5_o million_o 706_o bohemia_n 7_o million_o 024_o austria_n 6_o million_o 121_o moravia_n 4_o million_o 114_o pomerania_n 3_o million_o 249_o brandenbourgh_n 6_o million_o 208_o machalbourgh_n 2_o million_o 107_o franconia_n 6_o million_o 361_o tiroll_n 3_o million_o 249_o carinthia_n 1_o million_o 588_o stiria_n 1_o million_o 779_o palantine_n rhine_n 4_o million_o 361_o wirtenborgh_n 1_o million_o 223_o embden_n 0_o million_o 230_o oldenbourgh_n 0_o million_o 449_o liege_n 0_o million_o 548_o coloigne_n 0_o million_o 215_o contain_v in_o all_o 95_o million_o 646_o thousand_o acre_n prussia_n 10_o million_o 240_o thousand_o acre_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n russia_n 9_o million_o 607_o volhimia_n 5_o million_o 762_o massovia_n 1_o million_o 916_o livonia_n 34_o million_o 115_o poland_n 19_o million_o 205_o heretofore_o name_v polonia_n contain_v in_o all_o 80_o million_o m._n 845._o denmark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n denmark_n 10_o million_o 426_o norway_n 28_o million_o 492_o holsten_n 1_o million_o 065_o ditinar_n 0_o million_o 337_o contain_v in_o all_o 40_o million_o 326_o thousand_o acre_n swethen_n sweathen_a 57_o million_o 430_o thousand_o acre_n finland_n 7_o million_o 531_o thousand_o gothia_n 20_o million_o 936_o thousand_o contain_v in_o all_o 85_o million_o 897_o thousand_o acre_n part_v of_o russiia_n or_o moscovia_n and_o situam_fw-la under_o europe_n 232_o million_o 558_o thousand_o acre_n so_o that_o whole_a europe_n or_o christendom_n do_v but_o contain_v 802_o million_o 740_o thousand_o acre_n europe_n europe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n hungary_n dalmatia_n transyluania_n and_o all_o turkey_n 385_o mill_n m._n 367._o moscoviae_n pars_fw-la 128_o million_o 817_o thousand_o acre_n tartary_n 299_o million_o 110_o thousand_o asia_n asia_n persia_n 385_o million_o 367_o thousand_o calicut_n and_o east-india_n 587_o million_o 200_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n contain_v 1541_o million_o 883_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n africa_n america_n contain_v 1152_o million_o 400_o thousand_o acre_n america_n america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n 1349_o million_o 133_o thousand_o acre_n summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la of_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n six_o milliars_n six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o million_o and_o seven_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o description_n to_o know_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o country_n compare_v unto_o another_o country_n be_v for_o example_n england_n contain_v twenty_o nine_o measure_n and_o odd_a bohemia_n contain_v seven_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v ten_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v forty_o four_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o five_o land_n of_o sicilia_n cyprus_n candia_n corsica_n and_o sardignia_n and_o be_v also_o more_o populous_a and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o country_n insomuch_o that_o england_n only_o contain_v twenty_o nine_o of_o those_o measure_n or_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n if_o we_o deduct_v the_o five_o million_o and_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n for_o wild_a &_o waste_a ground_n and_o highway_n england_n one_o penny_n a_o acre_n be_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o will_v remain_v four_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n which_o at_o one_o penny_n a_o acre_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n a_o
find_v pretty_a store_n of_o pearl_n and_o the_o climate_n be_v cold_a make_v the_o colour_n of_o they_o to_o be_v dim_a albeit_o i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a fair_a and_o pendant_n also_o the_o small_a pearl_n be_v also_o very_o wholesome_a in_o medicinable_a potion_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n england_n england_n the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n be_v rich_a and_o staple_n ware_n and_o very_o abundant_a with_o a_o continual_a increase_n namely_o woollen_a clothes_n of_o all_o sort_n broad_a and_o narrow_a long_a and_o short_a call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o several_a shire_n be_v 250_o thousand_o clothes_n make_v yearly_a beside_o the_o new_a drapery_n of_o perpetuanaes_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n tin_n wrought_v and_o unwrought_a above_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a lead_v transport_v and_o use_v above_o eight_o thousand_o fodder_n every_o year_n allome_n make_v in_o abundance_n above_o seven_o hundred_o ton_n yearly_a copperas_n make_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n use_v some_o 250_o ton_n yearly_a iron_n of_o all_o sort_n set_v 800_o furnace_n on_o work_n iron_n ordnance_n or_o cast_v piece_n according_a to_o occasion_v make_v wool_n and_o woolfels_n and_o calf_n skin_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o conie_z skin_z stocking_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n wool_n and_o yarnsey_n yearn_n and_o wool_n buffin_n mocadoe_n grograine_v satin_n calamancos_fw-la velvet_n worsted_n sarges_n fustian_n durance_n tukes_n and_o all_o other_o norwich_n ware_n and_o stuff_v saffron_n the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o country_n glass_n and_o glass_n of_o all_o sort_n venice_n gold_n sea-coal_n and_o salt_n scotland_n scotland_n scots-coale_n wheat_n barley_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n in_o both_o kingdom_n linen_n cloth_n and_o all_o ironmonger_n ware_n hide_n tallow_n leather_n dress_v and_o undress_v train_n oil_n salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n hake_n conger_n red-herring_n hops_n woad_n butter_n cheese_n beer_n saltpetre_n and_o gunpowder_n honey_n and_o wax_n alabaster_n and_o many_o other_o stone_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v ireland_n ireland_n woolles_n felles_n yarn_n fur_n flax_n linen_n cloth_n hides_n tallow_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n herring_n cod_n hake-fish_n salmond_n eel_n rug_n mantle_n irish_a cloth_n pipestave_n iron_n and_o lead_v wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n salt-beefe_n butter_n and_o cheese_n and_o many_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v have_v prune_n canvas_n linen_n cloth_n salt_n velvet_n raw_a silk_n france_n france_n and_o diverse_a stuff_n of_o silk_n buckrame_n box_n with_o comb_n paper_n play_v card_n glass_n graine_n to_o die_v resin_n wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o graine_n corn_n the_o commodity_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v wool_n madera_n sugar_n almond_n wine_n oil_n annyseed_n portugal_n spain_n and_o portugal_n anchovy_n bay-berry_n bariglia_n fig_n raisin_n traine-oyle_n iron_n orange_n lemon_n sumacke_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n cork_n liquorice_n woad_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n sugar_n of_o brazill_n fernandebucke_n wood_n tobacco_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o commodity_n of_o italy_n and_o certain_a land_n venice_n gold_n velvet_n sattines_n cypress_n silk_n italy_n italy_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n cottone_n fustian_n wine_n curran_n clove_n rash_n rice_n sarcenets_n raw_a silk_n allome_n and_o vitriol_n glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o germany_n and_o place_n adjoin_v woolles_n argall_n steele_n latin_a copper_n iron_n germany_n germany_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o manufacture_n make_v of_o they_o copperas_n allome_n lead_v fustian_n paper_n linen_n cloth_n quicksilver_n bell-mettall_n tin_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o mather_n the_o commodity_n of_o east-land_n and_o thereabouts_o ash_n bowstave_n cable_n canvas_n buffe-hides_a flax_n hemp_n eastland_n eastland_n honey_n wax_n stockfish_n spruce_a iron_n match_n wheat_n rye_n meal_n woolles_n waynscott_n pitch_n and_o tar_n and_o linen_n cloth_n cordage_n and_o rope_n the_o commodity_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o sweaden_a wheat_n rye_n woolles_n deal_v clapboord_n pipe-stave_n sweaden_n denmark_n norway_n &_o sweaden_n mast_n wainscot_n copper_n timber_n fish_n and_o fur_n allome_n in_o some_o place_n the_o commodity_n of_o russia_n russia_n russia_n tallow_n hides_n caviar_n abundance_n of_o rich_a fur_n black_a fox_n martin_n sables_n and_o the_o like_a honey_n wax_n cable_n rope_n and_o cordage_n the_o commodity_n of_o barbary_n barbary_n barbary_n goat_n skin_n almond_n date_n aneale_n gum_n feather_n saltpetre_n gold_n plentiful_o and_o from_o guynea_n hides_n oliphant_n tooth_n and_o graine_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o low_a country_n country_n low_a country_n tapestry_n battery_n work_n steel_n cambric_n lawn_n hop_n mather_n butter_n cheese_n grograine_v bozatoe_n chamblet_n mocadoe_n brush_n tape_n linen_n cloth_n pot_n bottle_n wheat_n rye_n salt_n chimney_n back_n blade_n horse_n soap_n fish_n herring_n cod_n ling_n and_o many_o thing_n as_o diaper_n smalt_n hoop_n of_o iron_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n from_o the_o low_a country_n begin_v the_o west_n india_n trade_n let_v we_o set_v down_o the_o commodity_n of_o it_o see_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v make_v late_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n bear_v date_n the_o nine_o of_o june_n 1621._o wherein_o other_o nation_n may_v be_v advenror_n as_o by_o their_o letter_n patent_n appear_v prohibit_v all_o other_o their_o subject_n or_o inhabitant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o trade_v from_o the_o say_a country_n nor_o out_o or_o from_o any_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n whatsoever_o etc._n letter_n patent_n for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n by_o the_o state_n etc._n etc._n unto_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n of_o africa_n from_o tropicus_fw-la cancri_fw-la along_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o bona_n speranza_n neither_o in_o the_o country_n of_o america_n from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o magellanes_n le_fw-fr mary_n and_o other_o strait_n to_o the_o strait_n of_o anian_a on_o every_o side_n nova_fw-la guinea_n include_v upon_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o command_n and_o arrest_n of_o their_o person_n unless_o they_o be_v of_o the_o say_a company_n make_v and_o establish_v for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n gold_n and_o silver_n cucheneale_n sugar_n rich_a indigo_n donnigo_n ginger_n pearl_n emerald_n hide_n campeche_n or_o logwood_n salsaparilla_n tobacco_n canafistula_n cocos-wood_n lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la cottonwooll_n salt_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n for_o physic_n or_o die_v of_o stuff_v and_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o most_o country_n chap._n viii_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n we_o have_v compare_v commodity_n unto_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n which_o do_v uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodite_n before_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o entreat_v for_o commutation_n barter_n or_o truck_v of_o commodity_n be_v first_o effect_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o deliver_v one_o commodity_n for_o another_o according_a to_o the_o commodious_a and_o behooveful_a use_n of_o man_n so_o that_o one_o do_v deliver_v so_o many_o measure_n of_o corn_n for_o so_o many_o measure_n of_o salt_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o another_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o wool_n against_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o pepper_n sugar_n or_o other_o commodity_n a_o other_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o such_o a_o commodity_n for_o such_o a_o commodity_n or_o so_o many_o hide_v for_o one_o bar_n of_o iron_n or_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n uncoyn_v but_o weigh_v and_o exchange_v as_o yet_o be_v use_v in_o some_o place_n of_o america_n barbary_n and_o guynea_n and_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v a_o exchange_n of_o commodity_n or_o rather_o a_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o the_o civilians_n when_o there_o be_v scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o a_o country_n and_o when_o the_o commodity_n in_o value_n surmount_v the_o money_n pay_v for_o they_o they_o do_v call_v that_o a_o permutation_n and_o deny_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o emption_n by_o their_o distinction_n how_o soever_o this_o manner_n of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n be_v make_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n but_o money_n be_v invent_v and_o value_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stamp_n or_o coin_n and_o by_o common_a consent_n make_v publicae_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o every_o thing_n this_o commutation_n barter_n or_o exchange_v of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n be_v and_o be_v since_o that_o time_n make_v
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n 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of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n 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upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o which_o afterward_o have_v be_v disperse_v into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o trade_n be_v so_o increase_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v above_o 2000_o buss_n or_o fish_v ship_n which_o do_v make_v ordinary_o two_o or_o three_o voyage_n yearly_a albeit_o their_o country_n be_v remote_a from_o our_o sea_n and_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o door_n and_o such_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o last_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v yearly_a in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n only_o ommit_v the_o quantity_n of_o fish_n take_v in_o denmark_n sea_n russia_n newfoundland_n spain_n italy_n and_o other_o dominion_n and_o here_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o little_a abridgement_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o one_o tobias_n gentleman_n a_o fisherman_n 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proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o their_o proclamation_n annex_v to_o the_o say_a treatise_n hereupon_o he_o show_v that_o about_o mid-may_a they_o make_v ready_a their_o buss_n and_o fisher-fleete_n and_o by_o the_o first_o of_o june_n their_o style_n they_o be_v see_v to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o maze_n texell_n and_o the_o v_o a_o thousand_o sail_n together_o for_o to_o catch_v herring_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n be_v most_o of_o they_o ship_n of_o 120_o or_o 100_o ton_n and_o the_o other_o 60_o ton_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v in_o they_o 24_o man_n and_o some_o 16_o and_o 20_o in_o every_o ship_n &_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n northwest_o and_o by_o north_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o shotland_n isle_n the_o situation_n of_o shotland_n isle_n which_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o the_o orcades_n &_o lie_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o by_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o june_n which_o be_v by_o their_o law_n a_o time_n limit_v to_o lay_v their_o net_n they_o begin_v to_o fish_n &_o do_v never_o leave_v the_o skoale_n of_o herring_n but_o come_v along_o among_o they_o follow_v 500_o mile_n in_o length_n lade_v their_o ship_n twice_o or_o thrice_o before_o they_o come_v to_o yarmouth_n send_v they_o away_o by_o the_o merchant_n ship_n that_o send_v they_o victual_n barrel_n and_o more_o salt_n and_o net_n if_o they_o need_v any_o which_o ship_n be_v call_v yager_n that_o be_v to_o say_v hunter_n or_o doggerbote_n and_o these_o ship_n docarry_v they_o and_o sell_v they_o in_o the_o east_n country_n some_o to_o riga_n and_o revel_v some_o to_o the_o narue_v russia_n herring_n place_n to_o sell_v herring_n stockholme_n and_o all_o poland_n prussia_n pomerland_n lituania_n statin_n lubek_n and_o denmark_n return_v hemp_n flax_n cordage_n cable_n iron_n corn_n soapash_n wax_n wainscot_n clapboord_n pitch_n tar_n deal_v hoop_n and_o other_o commodity_n with_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o for_o france_n they_o send_v for_o bordeaux_n rochel_n nantes_n morliaix_n and_o san_n mallous_a cane_n in_o normandy_n rouen_n paris_n amiens_n and_o all_o picardy_n and_o calais_n with_o the_o low-countries_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n reconcile_v with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n return_v other_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o the_o provenue_n of_o their_o fish_n for_o by_o their_o law_n all_o those_o herring_n that_o they_o do_v catch_v in_o yarnmouth_n sea_n from_o bartholomew_n tide_n until_o saint_n andrew_n which_o be_v rope-sicke_a they_o may_v not_o bring_v home_o into_o holland_n and_o these_o they_o sell_v unto_o yarnmouth_n man_n for_o ready_a money_n their_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n continual_o be_v do_v with_o small_a ship_n of_o 40_o tun_n burden_n call_v pink_n and_o welboat_n and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o good_a order_n and_o provision_n trade_n good_a order_n in_o the_o fish_n trade_n that_o by_o night_n and_o day_n all_o be_v supply_v and_o fish_n take_v off_o instant_o and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n they_o be_v so_o constant_a in_o their_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v content_v to_o have_v one_o good_a year_n for_o fish_v in_o seven_o year_n all_o fisherman_n be_v provide_v for_o and_o their_o wife_n at_o home_n can_v want_v for_o in_o their_o care_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o joseph_n in_o egypt_n provide_v for_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n they_o have_v beside_o all_o this_o continual_o in_o the_o season_n another_o fleet_n of_o fisherman_n call_v flyboat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n some_o two_o hundred_o or_o more_o and_o these_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n of_o shotland_n have_v small_a boat_n with_o they_o call_v cobles_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o they_o ling_n be_v take_v in_o great_a abundance_n which_o they_o do_v not_o barrel_n but_o splet_n and_o salt_n they_o in_o the_o ship_n bulk_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o fresh_a fish_n and_o other_o pretty_a observation_n of_o the_o say_v tobias_n gentleman_n let_v we_o note_v the_o commodious_a fisher-towne_n of_o england_n as_o colchester_n harwich_n orford_n alborough_n donwich_n england_n commodious_a town_n for_o fish_v in_o england_n walderswike_n sell_v yarnmouth_n blackney_n well_n linne_n boston_n and_o hull_v by_o he_o name_v whereunto_o i_o may_v add_v scarborough_n hartlepole_n whitby_n marske_n stockton_n gysborough_n newcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v much_o admire_v that_o this_o trade_n have_v be_v so_o long_o neglect_v howbeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v much_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n if_o fish_v be_v entertain_v especial_o in_o the_o return_n of_o our_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o diverse_a society_n as_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n east-land_n trade_n the_o first_o objection_n to_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o russia_n merchant_n shall_v be_v infringe_v thereby_o and_o so_o both_o trade_n can_v subsist_v together_o other_o say_v objection_n the_o second_o objection_n that_o other_o nation_n be_v more_o painful_a and_o industrious_a than_o we_o can_v be_v and_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o the_o cut_n pack_v and_o salt_v of_o the_o fish_n and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o can_v send_v away_o their_o fish_n and_o pay_v no_o freight_n by_o their_o ship_n go_v otherwise_o empty_a for_o corn_n and_o salt_n for_o they_o pay_v but_o four_o shilling_n for_o a_o last_o which_o be_v drink_v money_n and_o the_o hamborger_n have_v heretofore_o imitate_v the_o hollander_n to_o fish_n with_o buff_n for_o herring_n after_o 5_o or_o 6_o year_n trial_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o abandon_v the_o fish_n and_o suffer_v their_o ship_n to_o lie_v by_o the_o rot_a because_o they_o find_v a_o loss_n and_o that_o the_o hollander_n do_v out_o sell_v they_o have_v the_o better_a and_o cheap_a fish_n and_o the_o like_a 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so_o many_o million_o of_o copper_n money_n in_o four_o and_o eight_o maluedy_n and_o otherwise_o and_o in_o portugal_n of_o vintenis_fw-la patacois_n of_o so_o many_o reas_n that_o the_o half_a ryall_n which_o be_v our_o three_o penny_n be_v only_o of_o silver_n and_o all_o money_n under_o it_o be_v mere_a copper_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o silver_n this_o quantity_n be_v almost_o incredible_a for_o it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o during_o the_o king_n reign_n of_o philip_n the_o three_o that_o certain_a italian_n find_v fault_n that_o his_o octavos_fw-la and_o quartillos_n be_v too_o big_a give_v the_o king_n six_o million_o of_o ducat_n to_o coin_v they_o at_o half_a the_o weight_n within_o a_o time_n limit_v and_o as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v utter_v within_o that_o time_n necessitas_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la legem_fw-la be_v true_a in_o some_o respect_n the_o venetian_n also_o coin_v mere_a copper_n money_n venetian_n copper_n money_n of_o the_o venetian_n they_o have_v sessini_fw-la which_z be_v value_v at_o two_o quatrini_fw-la and_o three_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o half_a penny_n sterling_a for_o six_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o penny_n bagatini_fw-la they_o have_v also_o whereof_o four_o make_v one_o quatrini_fw-la and_o twenty_o and_o four_o bagatini_fw-la make_v one_o penny_n sterling_a by_o calculation_n in_o france_n they_o have_v mailles_n petit_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr double_v france_n of_o france_n and_o liart_n &_o in_o time_n past_a most_o of_o these_o have_v some_o silver_n in_o they_o but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o silver_n waste_v because_o the_o charge_n of_o refine_n do_v surmount_v the_o value_n and_o that_o these_o money_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o commutation_n of_o petty_a thing_n and_o trifle_n they_o have_v save_v that_o silver_n germany_n of_o germany_n the_o like_a they_o have_v do_v of_o all_o the_o small_a money_n in_o germany_n but_o they_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v alkime_v like_o silver_n which_o be_v do_v with_o tin_n and_o sal_fw-la armoniake_n after_o they_o be_v coin_a which_o hold_v fair_a for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n allay_v with_o much_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n incorporate_v with_o the_o copper_n and_o take_v away_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o such_o be_v their_o heller_n alb_n hallincke_n and_o the_o like_a small_a copper_n money_n low-countries_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o have_v duyt_n mite_n negemancken_n ortkens_n whereof_o four_o make_v a_o styver_n and_o five_o styver_n make_v six_o penny_n which_o we_o may_v well_o call_v a_o styver_n for_o a_o penny_n sterling_a eight_o negemancken_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o mite_n for_o one_o penny_n also_o in_o some_o place_n as_o in_o flanders_n the_o mite_n be_v call_v corte_n and_o in_o the_o wallone_n country_n engcuni_fw-la and_o in_o other_o place_n point_v pite_n poot_n be_v all_o subdivision_n of_o obolus_fw-la or_o the_o half_a penny_n government_n of_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n government_n in_o bohemia_n poland_n sweaden_a denmark_n east-land_n and_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n they_o have_v mere_a copper_n money_n tedious_a to_o describe_v likewise_o in_o italy_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n and_o dukedom_n scotland_n of_o scotland_n in_o scotland_n they_o have_v turnoner_n and_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n in_o their_o name_n and_o much_o base_a money_n of_o achison_n plackx_n baby_n nonsuit_v ireland_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o like_a in_o ireland_n they_o have_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n half_a penny_n and_o penny_n of_o copper_n which_o be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v and_o consume_v the_o necessity_n of_o these_o small_a money_n do_v appear_v here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n where_o every_o chandler_n tapster_n vintner_n and_o other_o make_v token_n of_o lead_n and_o brass_n for_o halfe-pence_n and_o at_o bristol_n by_o the_o late_a queen_n authority_n england_n farthing_n token_n in_o england_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n with_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o c.b._n on_o the_o other_o side_n signify_v civitas_fw-la bristol_n these_o go_v currant_n for_o small_a thing_n at_o bristol_n and_o ten_o mile_n about_o hereupon_o it_o please_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o k._n to_o approve_v of_o the_o make_n of_o a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n token_n to_o abolish_v the_o say_v leaden_a token_n make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a which_o farthing_n token_n be_v make_v by_o engine_n of_o mere_a copper_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o with_o certain_a caution_n and_o limitation_n have_v on_o the_o one_o side_n two_o sceptre_n cross_v under_o one_o diadem_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o union_n between_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o harp_n for_o ireland_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o jacobus_n d.g._n magnae_fw-la britt_n fra._n &_o hiber_n rex_fw-la and_o the_o say_a farthing_n token_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a for_o petty_a commutation_n but_o also_o to_o be_v a_o great_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_n to_o increase_v charity_n without_o which_o many_o of_o they_o have_v perish_v every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o give_v alm_n even_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a to_o the_o indigent_a poor_a money_n silver_n money_n to_o come_v to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n we_o have_v also_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n make_v but_o money_n of_o silver_n the_o 484_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 3695_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n be_v now_o about_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o by_o some_o coin_v &_o model_n extant_a the_o goodness_n of_o it_o be_v sterling_a silver_n be_v above_o 11_o ounce_n fine_a since_o which_o time_n many_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o silver_n money_n make_v in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o occasion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n where_o we_o have_v reduce_v they_o from_o the_o mark_n weight_n unto_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o england_n of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n more_o follow_v hereafter_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v but_o make_v when_o the_o roman_n have_v take_v great_a wealth_n from_o all_o nation_n money_n gold_n money_n and_o be_v sixty_o two_o year_n after_o their_o beginning_n of_o the_o make_n of_o silver_n money_n and_o they_o be_v of_o fine_a gold_n since_o which_o time_n also_o there_o have_v be_v many_o standard_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o that_o from_o about_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n fine_a until_o seven_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n there_o be_v diverse_a officer_n in_o all_o mint_n the_o principal_a officer_n be_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n next_o be_v the_o mintmaster_n the_o one_o to_o look_v to_o the_o make_n of_o money_n complete_a according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o the_o other_o with_o his_o workman_n call_v monyers_n to_o make_v they_o then_o there_o be_v the_o comptroller_n to_o keep_v the_o contrebooke_n for_o the_o prince_n &_o state_n to_o see_v the_o bullion_n receive_v and_o the_o assay_v make_v thereof_o and_o the_o complete_a money_n return_v for_o the_o same_o weight_n for_o weight_n pay_v coinage_n money_n forth_o same_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o warden_n by_o the_o say_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o they_o be_v coin_a at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v common_o two_o assaymaster_n one_o graver_n and_o his_o deputy_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o iron_n to_o deliver_v they_o to_o the_o monyers_n or_o the_o provost_n or_o chief_a of_o they_o to_o see_v they_o every_o night_n return_v again_o then_o the_o sincker_n smith_n porter_n and_o the_o like_a in_o their_o place_n all_o these_o have_v wage_n for_o themselves_o or_o allowance_n yearly_a from_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o mintmaster_n and_o the_o monyers_n be_v pay_v for_o every_o pound_n weight_n they_o make_v whereof_o 30_o will_v weight_n they_o call_v a_o journey_n the_o tellors_n office_n be_v but_o use_v in_o england_n money_n the_o sheyre_n book_n of_o money_n which_o the_o warden_n deputy_n execute_v in_o other_o country_n to_o keep_v a_o sheyre_n book_n of_o the_o piece_n contain_v in_o the_o mark_n or_o pound_n weight_n although_o the_o money_n be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o not_o by_o tale_n for_o although_o there_o be_v suppose_v eight_o or_o ten_o piece_n over_o in_o 100_o will_v by_o tale_n it_o do_v encourage_v the_o bringer_n in_o of_o bullion_n for_o the_o â—â—act_n size_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v upon_o the_o total_a in_o quantity_n as_o upon_o the_o equality_n of_o weight_n in_o piece_n for_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o one_o shilling_n will_v weigh_v one_o farthing_n or_o half_a penny_n
occasion_n to_o ask_v he_o pix_n trial_o of_o the_o pix_n whether_o the_o last_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o the_o money_n which_o be_v make_v common_o once_o a_o year_n before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n be_v do_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o he_o answer_v i_o it_o be_v and_o withal_o he_o desire_v i_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n between_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o mintmaster_n concern_v the_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n hide_v from_o report_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v according_a to_o our_o former_a conference_n i_o tell_v he_o that_o according_a to_o the_o issue_n join_v between_o he_o and_o i_o that_o the_o mintmaster_n have_v not_o pocket_v up_o any_o such_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n as_o his_o account_n be_v charge_v withal_o i_o will_v make_v that_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n which_o he_o say_v be_v his_o desire_n whereupon_o i_o frame_v my_o answer_n as_o follow_v money_n four_o assay_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n sir_n but_o you_o have_v mark_v my_o observation_n of_o the_o four_o several_a assay_n make_v concern_v bullion_n and_o money_n namely_o the_o first_o of_o the_o ingot_n before_o melt_v the_o second_o of_o the_o pot_n assay_v after_o melt_v the_o three_o of_o the_o money_n complete_a make_v thereof_o and_o the_o four_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o money_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n all_o which_o be_v do_v in_o manner_n alike_o you_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n tell_v i_o that_o their_o operation_n or_o effect_n be_v also_o alike_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o ingot_n there_o the_o copple_n have_v drink_v in_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n for_o the_o pot_n assay_v there_o two_o penny_n weight_n be_v drink_v in_o also_o the_o assay_v make_v of_o the_o complete_a money_n have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o high_a trial_n of_o all_o have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n how_o can_v it_o then_o be_v pocket_v up_o by_o the_o mintmaster_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bullion_n remain_v in_o the_o pot_n find_v in_o the_o money_n and_o confirm_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a trial_n and_o why_o shall_v the_o mint-master_n account_v be_v charge_v either_o with_o a_o imaginary_a or_o substantial_a thing_n which_o he_o never_o have_v or_o enjoy_v resolution_n a_o tacite_fw-la resolution_n to_o this_o the_o assay-master_n answer_v rather_o by_o sign_n than_o word_n say_v it_o be_v otherwise_o take_v and_o understand_v and_o himself_o take_v now_o better_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o wish_v that_o truth_n may_v prevail_v according_a to_o the_o say_n magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la praevalet_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la &_o praevalebit_fw-la and_o so_o end_v our_o suppose_a discourse_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o recompense_v they_o that_o may_v take_v offence_n for_o discuss_v the_o premise_n and_o let_v we_o be_v like_o nathaniel_n in_o who_o there_o be_v no_o guile_n qui_fw-la vadit_fw-la planè_fw-la vadit_fw-la sanè_fw-la howbeit_o discretion_n be_v requisite_a the_o assay_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o make_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o be_v eight_o ounce_n troy_n and_o they_o take_v twenty_o grain_n to_o make_v their_o assay_n by_o which_o be_v correspondent_a with_o our_o fifteen_o grain_n us._n thirty_o two_o grain_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o than_o 24_o grain_n with_o us._n for_o they_o divide_v their_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n in_o thirty_o two_o ass_n or_o grain_n which_o from_o twenty_o four_o unto_o thirty_o two_o differ_v one_o three_o part_n so_o be_v fifteen_o unto_o twenty_o also_o a_o three_o part_n for_o this_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v call_v english_a weight_n and_o the_o other_o french_a weight_n in_o the_o low_a country_n but_o the_o english_a weight_n be_v most_o use_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n mark_n english_a mark_n and_o every_o english_a thirty_o two_o grain_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v 5120_o grain_n to_o the_o mark_n this_o mark_n and_o one_o half_a make_v within_o a_o little_a our_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n for_o the_o pound_n weight_n be_v in_o grain_n 7680._o the_o french_a weight_n call_v penny_n weight_n be_v also_o eight_o ounce_n mark_n french_a mark_n every_o ounce_n four_o and_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 6912_o grain_n for_o the_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o 4608_o grain_n for_o the_o eight_o ounce_n these_o grain_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o twenty_o four_o garobe_n or_o prime_n and_o the_o prime_n in_o twenty_o four_o second_o and_o the_o second_o in_o 24_o tercy_n or_o malloquen_n which_o be_v superfluous_a notwithstanding_o all_o the_o say_a weight_n and_o division_n to_o make_v assay_n they_o use_v another_o weight_n weight_n assay_v weight_n which_o every_o man_n make_v according_a to_o his_o fancy_n but_o most_o common_o they_o will_v divide_v the_o mark_n in_o twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n and_o the_o penny_n into_o twenty_o four_o grain_n and_o then_o grain_n subdivide_v of_o paper_n make_v ⅛_n 1_o 10_o and_o 1_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o concur_v near_a with_o our_o assay_n weight_n for_o if_o one_o pound_n of_o silver_n do_v contain_v 1_o 12_o part_n copper_n they_o call_v this_o eleven_o denier_n fine_a as_o we_o say_v eleven_o ounce_n fine_a for_o the_o gold_n likewise_o they_o do_v use_v the_o same_o weight_n account_v for_o every_o denier_n or_o penny_n weight_n two_o carrat_n so_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n for_o twelve_o denier_n or_o ounce_n and_o consequent_o eleven_o denier_n be_v twenty_o two_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o gold_n mark_n be_v twenty_o four_o carrat_n mark_n gold_n mark_n silver_n mark_n a_o carrot_fw-la be_v twelve_o grain_n so_o 288_o in_o the_o mark_n so_o the_o silver_n mark_v of_o twelve_o denier_n of_o twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 288_o grain_n also_o which_o be_v big_a grain_n divide_v into_o four_o prime_n or_o siliquas_fw-la be_v 1152._o they_o use_v also_o a_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o say_v twelve_o shilling_n to_o the_o mark_n pound_n pound_n mark_v pound_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n and_o every_o penny_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 3456_o grain_n in_o the_o mark_n all_o which_o be_v do_v to_o make_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n intricate_a in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o sheir_a of_o their_o money_n money_n shire_n money_n they_o will_v for_o every_o piece_n make_v a_o penny_n as_o if_o there_o be_v make_v seventie_o eight_o piece_n out_o of_o a_o mark_n they_o will_v say_v it_o ☞_o hold_v six_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n in_o the_o shire_n or_o for_o 62_o piece_n five_o shilling_n two_o penny_n and_o so_o obscure_a thing_n to_o take_v advantage_n upon_o other_o for_o the_o mint-master_n of_o the_o low_a country_n and_o germany_n be_v very_o experience_v in_o mint_n matter_n and_o the_o assay_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o grain_n may_v deceive_v much_o if_o by_o trial_n the_o calculation_n be_v not_o right_o make_v and_o if_o the_o say_a mint-master_n be_v not_o subtle_a yet_o the_o general_n which_o follow_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n do_v nothing_o else_o but_o study_n these_o thing_n always_o therefore_o let_v we_o observe_v more_o particular_n of_o their_o proceed_n as_o follow_v in_o the_o make_n of_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o will_v use_v many_o time_n to_o make_v piece_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o courser_n gold_n as_o the_o imperial_a royal_a and_o the_o half_a royal_a the_o one_o twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o the_o other_o but_o eighteen_o carrat_n or_o the_o flanders_n crown_n of_o 22_o carrat_n in_o germany_n the_o ducat_n and_o the_o gold_n guildren_n which_o for_o work_n be_v mix_v be_v serviceable_a admit_v by_o connivance_n the_o melt_a of_o the_o money_n rather_o than_o for_o want_v of_o it_o bullion_n shall_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o their_o mint_n therefore_o they_o also_o take_v little_a for_o the_o coinage_n because_o it_o shall_v soon_o come_v unto_o they_o than_o unto_o other_o minter_n where_o the_o coinage_n or_o seignoriage_n be_v great_a and_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v but_o small_a yet_o will_v they_o find_v mean_n to_o make_v other_o prince_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o transportation_n money_n make_v for_o transportation_n and_o cause_n money_n to_o be_v make_v for_o transportation_n especial_o for_o the_o east_n country_n to_o buy_v corn_n to_o bring_v the_o same_o unto_o their_o magazine_n whereby_o trade_n be_v increase_v and_o spain_n and_o portugal_n supply_v the_o same_o by_o suffer_v money_n to_o be_v
of_o batenborgh_n nineteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n the_o pistolet_n of_o italy_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o some_o twenty_o one_o carrot_fw-la 2_o ½_n grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o flemish_a rider_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o guilder_n and_o vrisland_n rider_n of_o the_o year_n 1583_o fine_a twenty_o one_o carrat_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o rider_n of_o burgandie_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n ½_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o english_a salut_n and_o the_o half_a twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n the_o schuytken_n or_o ship_n of_o flanders_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o 109_o ½_n piece_n the_o rider_n of_o guilder_n of_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o philip_n clincart_n of_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n of_o deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n twelve_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 114_o piece_n david_n guile_n of_o trier_n be_v 17_o carrat_n 2_o grain_n and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o vtrecht_n 16_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o harp_n 15_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o peter_n of_o louvain_n of_o 17_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o likewise_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o clemmer_n guilder_n of_o 13_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 114_o piece_n the_o frederick_n of_o beyeren_n guilder_n fourteen_o carrat_n and_o 117_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o arnaldus_n guilder_n twelve_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 138_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o postulat_fw-la of_o bourbon_n 12_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o 136_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o postulat_v of_o horn_n 10_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o guliers_n 9_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o cleve_n 9_o carrat_n ½_n grain_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o fran._n friar_n 9_o carrat_n fine_a &_o 156_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o cat_n 12_o ½_n carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o 136_o ½_n piece_n the_o nine_o stivers_n piece_n of_o batenborgh_n and_o frise_n seven_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 176_o piece_n the_o gulielmus_fw-la ducat_n of_o batenborgh_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o other_o ducat_n of_o stephanus_n but_o nineteen_o carrats_n ½_n grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o nimeghen_fw-mi with_o stephen_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o new_a ducat_n of_o saint_n victor_n pancratius_n vict._n batenborgh_n w._n b._n margarite_n toren_n petrus_n rechem_n george_n rechem_n twenty_o one_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n victor_n h._n b._n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n water_n ducat_n and_o the_o ½_n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n marry_o of_o batenborgh_n 20_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n ducat_n wirh_n the_o chequer_n 20_o carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n ducat_n of_o denmark_n 20_o carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n pancratius_n alleb_n h._n 19_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n oswald_z ducat_n cusa_n 19_o ½_n carrat_n fine_a and_o all_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n of_o nimmeghen_fw-mi 1569_o fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n two_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n new_a angel_n coin_a heretofore_o of_o thoren_n 22_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o horn_n 22_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o batenb_n 21_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o viana_n 18_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n of_o h._n m_o 17_o carrat_n and_o all_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o scot_n pistolet_n nineteen_o carrat_n two_o grain_n ½_n fine_a and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n with_o the_o loaf_n fine_a 10_o ½_n carrat_n and_o 114_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o pistolet_n dilege_n and_o legion_n fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n ferdinand_n of_o batenborgh_n 19_o ½_n carrat_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n ferdinand_n and_o carolus_n of_o horn_n eighteen_o carrat_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o double_a ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n fine_a 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o single_a ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 78_o ¾_n piece_n the_o double_a three_o part_n of_o the_o say_v double_a ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 70_o ½_n piece_n the_o single_a three_o part_n of_o the_o say_a ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 126_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o unite_v piece_n call_v jacobus_n of_o england_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o thirty_o six_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o rider_n of_o the_o unite_v low_a province_n also_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o 36_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o half_a jacobus_n and_o rider_n according_o in_o fineness_n and_o piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n with_o the_o letter_n 22_o carrat_n and_o 105_o piece_n the_o new_a twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o england_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 39_o ⅗_n piece_n the_o half_a and_o four_o part_n of_o it_o according_o the_o scot_n piece_n of_o the_o cross_a dagger_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 72_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o scot_n rider_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o some_o of_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o scot_n pistolet_n note_v that_o here_o be_v set_v down_o many_o species_n or_o piece_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v find_v and_o although_o some_o be_v find_v in_o great_a quantity_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o make_v currant_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n by_o their_o last_o valuation_n of_o the_o one_o &_o twentieth_o day_n of_o july_n 1622_o hereafter_o declare_v the_o like_a be_v in_o the_o reconcile_v province_n under_o the_o archdutches_n isabel_n clara_n eugenia_n of_o austria_n as_o also_o in_o germany_n so_o that_o the_o general_a knowledge_n of_o they_o all_o may_v give_v to_o every_o man_n better_a satisfaction_n and_o the_o like_a must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o silver_n coin_n of_o all_o country_n hereafter_o declare_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o mere_a copper_n coin_n and_o whereas_o the_o stiver_n be_v the_o fundamental_a coin_n whereof_o twenty_o make_v the_o guilder_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sixteen_o copper_n penny_n be_v reckon_v in_o holland_n and_o those_o unite_a province_n for_o one_o stiver_n and_o so_o be_v the_o say_a stiver_n two_o groat_n flemish_a call_v half_a stivers_n every_o half_a stiver_n eight_o penny_n hollandt_n also_o twenty_o four_o mite_n be_v a_o stiver_n in_o the_o other_o country_n etc._n etc._n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n concern_v their_o finesse_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n every_o ounce_n weigh_v twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n and_o contain_v likewise_o in_o finesse_n twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n calculate_v for_o the_o foreign_a coin_n upon_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o likewise_o in_o finesse_n twelve_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o 24_o grain_n unnecessary_a fraction_n omit_v as_o near_o as_o convenient_o can_v be_v computate_v etc._n etc._n the_o philip_n doller_n ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 10_o 5_o 7_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o half_a the_o four_o the_o five_o and_o ten_o part_n according_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o piece_n 21_o 3_o 7_o 42_o 6_o 7_o 53_o 4_o 7_o and_o 107_o 1_o 7_o to_o the_o pound_n the_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n five_o ounce_n fine_a and_o 107_o ¼_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n five_o ounce_n fine_a and_o 214_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o carolus_n gueldren_n or_o ⅔_n of_o the_o say_v doller_n ten_o ounce_n
north_n star_n some_o merchant_n be_v so_o far_o wide_a from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o value_n of_o coin_n and_o the_o exchange_n make_v thereupon_o that_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a rate_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n set_v to_o answer_v just_o the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n and_o disproportion_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o their_o intrinsicall_a and_o extrinsicall_a value_n but_o these_o merchant_n be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n have_v a_o proportionable_a valuation_n relative_a within_o themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n only_o the_o small_a and_o base_a coin_n have_v some_o little_a know_a advantage_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v of_o in_o exchange_n according_o proportionable_a valuation_n of_o money_n for_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v according_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o money_n do_v exceed_v the_o big_a and_o fine_a coin_n this_o consideration_n have_v be_v have_v heretofore_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o between_o the_o low-countries_n and_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o upon_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o exchange_n be_v at_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n the_o par_fw-fr and_o the_o small_a money_n will_v exceed_v twenty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o upward_o but_o the_o quantity_n do_v not_o surmount_v the_o better_a coin_n the_o like_a be_v upon_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n anno_fw-la 1586_o at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o with_o hamborough_n and_o stoade_n to_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n lubish_n upon_o the_o rickes_n doller_n of_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n or_o nine_o mark_n four_o shilling_n for_o our_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n make_v four_o dollar_n and_o one_o half_a to_o answer_v the_o say_v par_fw-fr which_o doller_n be_v enhance_v since_o to_o fifty_o four_o shilling_n and_o be_v receive_v now_o but_o four_o dollar_n for_o the_o same_o and_o so_o for_o other_o place_n according_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n the_o denomination_n of_o money_n which_o we_o call_v imaginary_a be_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a or_o proper_a money_n to_o be_v find_v in_o specie_fw-la whereupon_o the_o exchange_n be_v ground_v as_o it_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v in_o many_o place_n where_o some_o money_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o ground_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n upon_o as_o our_o angel_n noble_a be_v coin_a for_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n sterling_a whereupon_o exchange_n have_v be_v make_v as_o now_o be_v do_v upon_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o so_o may_v the_o new_a piece_n of_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n laureate_a be_v take_v but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v exchange_n upon_o the_o silver_n coin_n for_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v most_o rule_v thereby_o in_o all_o place_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n be_v five_o hundred_o to_o one_o hence_o do_v proceed_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o our_o gold_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o gold_n not_o so_o effectual_a as_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v advance_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v not_o rise_v albeit_o foreign_a nation_n do_v cause_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o fall_v but_o if_o silver_n be_v enhance_v present_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n will_v follow_v as_o the_o rule_n thereof_o and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v fall_v more_o for_o exchange_n will_v over-rule_v both_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v we_o call_v the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o be_v imaginary_a as_o the_o dollar_n in_o germany_n the_o crown_n in_o france_n the_o ducat_n in_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n which_o by_o the_o great_a diversity_n you_o may_v understand_v as_o follow_v together_o with_o the_o calculation_n of_o merchant_n account_n whereupon_o their_o book_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v according_a to_o their_o imaginary_a money_n flemish_n pound_v flemish_n in_o flanders_n brabant_n and_o most_o place_n of_o the_o low-countries_n they_o keep_v their_o book_n of_o account_n and_o reckon_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n which_o shilling_n be_v six_o styver_n in_o artois_n henalt_n tournois_n pound_v tournois_n and_o other_o place_n by_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr of_o twenty_o stiver_n or_o forty_o penny_n flemish_n whereof_o six_o call_v guildren_n or_o florin_n make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n in_o all_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o some_o do_v reckon_v by_o pound_n parasis_n which_o be_v but_o twenty_o penny_n parasis_n pound_v parasis_n whereof_o twelve_o make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n but_o their_o account_n as_o also_o the_o reckon_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o finance_n be_v keep_v by_o pound_n tournois_n which_o pound_n they_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o shilling_n into_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o pound_n parasis_n and_o these_o have_v also_o their_o subdivision_n of_o obulus_fw-la maille_n heller_n hallinck_fw-mi corte_n mite_n point_v engevin_n poot_n and_o such_o like_a copper_n money_n too_o tedious_a to_o rehearse_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1520_o guilder_n gold_n guilder_n be_v the_o gold_n guilder_n coin_a for_o a_o general_a coin_n and_o value_v in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n which_o be_v now_o in_o specie_fw-la at_o double_a the_o price_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v continue_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v all_o that_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o east_n country_n poland_n and_o other_o place_n by_o the_o say_a gold_n guilder_n of_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n their_o dolor_n be_v coin_a at_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n since_o rise_v to_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n creutzer_n creutzer_n yet_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n which_o be_v imaginary_a at_o augusta_n the_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n at_o three_o week_n or_o fourteen_o day_n sight_n after_o the_o bill_n present_v at_o frankford_n they_o reckon_v by_o the_o guilder_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n creutzer_n florin_n of_o 60_o creutzer_n call_v in_o latin_a crucigeri_fw-la be_v piece_n with_o a_o cross_n they_o be_v florin_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n payable_a in_o the_o two_o yearly_a fair_n or_o mart_n the_o one_o the_o week_n before_o easter_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n to_o continue_v for_o all_o the_o month_n at_o norenborough_n their_o exchange_n 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o the_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n which_o they_o also_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n to_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o for_o bohemia_n bohemicos_fw-la bohemicos_fw-la exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o twenty_o and_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la at_o vienna_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n or_o florin_n of_o eight_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n &_o two_o heller_n to_o the_o penny_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v thereupon_o at_o baviera_n by_o guilder_n of_o seven_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n guilder_n diverse_a guilder_n for_o exchange_n and_o account_n in_o hungary_n by_o guilder_n of_o ten_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o by_o florin_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o their_o ducat_n at_o breslo_n and_o leypsich_n they_o reckon_v by_o mark_n of_o thirty_o and_o two_o gross_v of_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o gross_a gross_v mark_v of_o 32_o gross_v and_o they_o exchange_n by_o thirty_o florin_n breslowe_v to_o have_v at_o vienna_n thirty_o and_o four_o florin_n or_o at_o norenborough_n thirty_o and_o two_o florin_n etc._n pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n &_o 12_o heller_n etc._n etc._n at_o vlme_n they_o reckon_v by_o pound_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n at_o colloigne_n by_o dollar_n of_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n for_o account_n and_o exchange_n sterling_a pound_n sterling_a at_o embden_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n and_o exchange_n upon_o the_o rickx_n dolor_n but_o from_o london_n thither_o and_o hither_o upon_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n shilling_n mark_v of_o 16_o shilling_n at_o hamborough_n they_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o sixteen_o shilling_n
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n obedience_n obedience_n the_o law_n bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n and_o obedience_n and_o punishment_n for_o indeed_o no_o man_n may_v break_v they_o no_o man_n may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o and_o last_o no_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o but_o according_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o judex_n be_v take_v à _fw-la iudicio_fw-la non_fw-la iudicium_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la and_o more_o especial_o because_o this_o book_n as_o you_o may_v find_v be_v more_o exact_o calculate_v as_o the_o prognosticator_n say_v for_o the_o meridian_n of_o england_n howbeit_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o other_o country_n and_o place_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o common-lawe_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v take_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n 1_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n dissever_v from_o all_o other_o law_n student_n the_o treatise_n of_o doctor_n and_o student_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n 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