is found at the charges of the Realme Hee is not suffered to haue anie woman to himselfe but whomsoeuer he hath minde vnto he borroweth her for a tyme and so others by turnes Wherby it commeth to passe that he hath neither desire nor hope of issue The seconde Harborough betwéene the maine lande and the Hebuds is the Orcâ—des which are froÌ„ the Hebuds seauen dayes and as manie nyghts sayling There bée but thrée of them no man dwelleth in theÌ„ they haue no 〈…〉 are ouergrowne with rushye wéedes and the rest of them is nothing but sand and bare Rocks From the Orcades vnto Thule is fyue dayes and fiue nights sayling But Thule is plentiful in store of fruits that will last Those that dwel there doo in the bâ—ginning of the spring time liue on hearbs among Cattell and afterward by milke and againste Winter they lay vppe the fruiteâ— of their trées They vse their women in common and no manne hath any wife The whole circuit of Bâ—itaine is foure thousand eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene miles In which space are great and 〈…〉 and hoâ—e Bathes finelie kept to the vse of men the souer 〈◊〉 of which Bathes is the Goddesse Minerua in whose Chappell the fire burneth continuallie and the â—oles do neuer â—urne into ashes but as soone as y e embars wexe dead it is turned into â—alles of stone Moreouer to the intent to passe thâ— large aboundance of sundry mettals wherof Britaine hath many rich veynâ—s on all sides Here is store of the stone called Geate and y e best kind of it If ye demaund y e beautie of it it is a black Iewell if the qualitie it is of no weight if the nature it burneth in water and goeth out in Oyle if the power rubbe it till it be warme and it holdeth such things as are laide to it as Amber doth The Realme is partlie inhabited of barbarous people who euen froÌ„ theyr childhoode haue shapes of diuers beastes cunninglye impressed and incorporate in theyr bodyes so that béeing engraued as it were in theyr bowels as the man groweth so growe the marks painted vpon him neyther doo those Nations couâ—t any thing almost to be a greater token of patience then y â— their bodyes shoulde by manifest scarres drinke in the déepest colour CAP. XXXV Of Spayne and the Iles about it Of the Ocean and the Midland Sea and of theyr sundry names and what the Phylosophers haue left in wryting concerning the ebbing and flowing therof NOwe that I am come again to y e maine laÌ„d the matters of Spayne call me The coast of this CouÌ„trey is coÌ„parable with the the beste and inferiour to none whether yee haue respecte to the fatnesse of the soyle or to the reuenewes of the Uyneyardes or to the fruitfulnes of the Trees It aboundeth in all kind of things whatsoeuer is costlie of price or necessary to be occupyed If yee séeke siluer or golde it hath theÌ„ the yron mynes neuer wast it gyueth place to no Countrey for Uines and for Oliues it passeth all others It is deuided into thrée prouinces and in the second warres against Carthage it became ours Nothing is in it idle nothing barraine Whatsoeuer grounde is not able to beare corne beareth good pasture euen the places that are drye and barraine yéelde stuffe for ship men to make Cables of They séeth not salt there but dyg it out of the grounde They scoure the fine sparks of dust and make Sinople of it and therwith dye theyr wooll that they may afterward make it the better into a scarlet engraynde In Lusitania is a Promontorie which some cal Artabrum and some call it the Promontory of Lysbone It disseuereth both ayre land and Sea By land it finisheth the one side of Spayne and it deuideth the ayre and the Seas in such wyse at the circuit thereof the French Ocean and the North coast begin and the Athlantish Ocean and the West doo end There is the Cittie of Lysbone builded by V lisses and there is the Ryuer Tagus preferred before other Ryuers for hys golden sandes In the marches of Lysbone the Mares excéede in fruitfulnesse after a wondrous manner For they conceiue by the blaste of the Southwest wynde and theyr lust is as well spedde with the breath of the ayre as if they were couered wyth Horses The Ryuer Iberus gaue name to y e whole Realme of Spaine and the Ryuer Baetis to the prouince of Baetica bothe of them are famous streames The Cittye Carthage in Spayne was builded by the Carthagenenses of Affrick and replenished also with people of that Countrey The Scipios builded Tarracon and therefore it is the head of the prouince called Tarraconensis The Seacoast of Lusitania hath greate plenty of the precious stones called Ceraunie which is preferred before the Ceraunie of Inde The colour of this Ceraunie is like the Carbuncle and the vertue therof is tried by fire the which if it be able to abide without perrishing or blemish it is thought to bee good against the force of ligtning The Iles 〈◊〉 ridâ—s but against y â— side of Celtiberia very fertile of leade so 〈◊〉 also the fortunate Iles of which there is nothing worth the noting saue the name onely Ebusus one of the Iles called Baleares which is distant froÌ„ Dianiuâ— seaâ—en hundred furlongs hath no Serpent for the soile thereof driueth away Serpents But the Ile Colubraâ—â—â— which is towarde Sucro swarmeth with Snakes The Baleares were sometime y e king dome of Boccharis and there was such store of Connyes that they vtterlie destroyed all kinde of fruites At the Hearde of Betica where as is the vttermoste point of the knowne world there is an Ilande about seauen hundred paces from the mayne land which the Tyrians because they came from the red Sea called Erythraea and the people of Affrick in theyr language called Gadir that is to say the Hedge There are many monuments to prooue that Gerion dwelled héere albeit some think that Hercules fetched his kyne out of another Iland which lyeth ouer against Lusitaâ—â—â— But the narrowe Sea betwéene Affricke and Spayne tooke his name of the Ilands called Gades At that place the Athlantish Ocean sendeth in our Sea which deuideth the world For the Ocean which the Greekes so call because of the swiftnesse thereof breaking in at the Sun going downe raseth Europe on the left side and Affricke on the right and hauing cut a sunder the Mountaines Calpe and Abila which are called Hercules Pyllars rusheth in betwéene the Mores and the Spanyards And at this streight which is in length fiftéene miles and in breadth scarcely seauen as it were at a gate he openeth the barres of the inner Sea and wyndeth himselfe into the mydlande coasts which he beateth vppon from place to place euen vnto the East Where it beateth vppon Spaine it beareth y e name
degree and therefore not altogether so famous béeing with much adooe and after much serching oftentimes of the Gaolers leaste shee shoulde haue carryed any meate in with her suffered to goe to her father who was condemned to the punishment of perpetuall prysonne was founde to séede him with the milke of her breasts which thing consecrated bothe the déede and the place For the Father which was condemned to death béeing gyuen vnto his daughter was reserued in remembraunce of so woorthy a déede and the place béeing dedicated to the power that wrought the déede was made a Chappell and entitled the Chappell of godlines The ship that brought the holy misteries out of Phrygia in following y e hearelace of Claudia gaue vnto her the preheminence of chastitie But Sulpitia the daughter of Paterculus and wyfe of Marcus Fuluius Flaccus was by the verdite of all the Ladyes in Rome aduisedlie chosen out of a hundred of the vertuousest of them to dedicate the Image of Venus according as y â— bokes of Sybill gaue warning to be done As touching the title of happinesse hee is not yet found that may rightly be iudged happy For Cornelius Sylla was happie rather in name then in déede Surelie Cortiua iudged onelie Aglaus to be blessed who béeing owner of a poore péece of ground in y â— narrowest nooke of all Arcadie was neuer founde to haue passed out of the boundes of his naturall soyle CAP. VII Of Italy and the prayse therof and of many peculiar thinges that are founde therein AS concerninge Man I haue saide sufficient Now to the intent we may returne to our determined purpose our stile is to be directed to the recital of places and chiefelie and principally to Italy y e beautie whereof we haue alreadie touched lightly in the Cittie of Rome But Italie hath béene written of so throughlie by all menne and specially by Marcus Cato that there cannot bée found that thing which the diligence of former Authors hath not preuented for the Country is so excellent as it ministreth matter of praise aboundantly while the notablest writers consider the healthfulnesse of y â— places the temperatenesse of the ayre the fruitfulnes of the soyle the open prospects of the Hills the coole shadowes of the woods the vnhurtful lowe grounds the plentifull increase of Uines and Oliues the Sheepes courses the pasture groundes so manye Riuers so great Lakes places that beare flowers twice a yéere together with the Mountaine Veseuus casting vppe a breath of flaming fire as if it had a soule the Bathes with their springes of warme water the continuall beautifing of the Land with newe Citties so goodlie a sight of auncient Townes which first y e Aborigens Arunks Pelasgians Arcadians Sicilians and lastlie the inhabiters of all parts of Greece and aboue all others the victorious Romaines haue builded Besides this it hath shoares full of Hauens and coastes with large Bayes and harbouring places meete for trafficke from all places of the world Neuerthelesse least it may séeme altogether vntouched of our part I think it not vnconuenient to busie my wittes about those thinges that haue béene least beaten and slightly to trauell through those thinges y e haue béene but lightly touched and tasted by others For who knoweth not that IaniculuÌ„ was either named or builded by Ianus Or that Latium was called so Saturnia of Saturne Or that Ardea was builded by Danace Polydee by the companions of Hercules Pompeios in Campane by Hercules himselfe because that after his victory in Spayne hee draue his Oxen with a pompe that way Or that the stonie fieldes in Lombardy tooke theyr names of that that Iupiter fighting against y e Gyants is supposed to haue rayned downe stones thither Or that the Region Ionica tooke his name of Ionee the daughter of Naulochus whom Hercules is reported to haue slaine because he malepartlie stopped y e waies against him Or that Alcippe was builded by Marsias king of the Lidians which béeing afterward swallowed with an Earthquake was dissolued into the Lake Fucinus Or that the Temple of Iuno of Argos was founded by Iason Pisae by Pelops the Dawnians by Cleolans the Sonne of Minos the Iapigians by Iapix the Sonne of Daedalus the Tyrrhenians by Tyrrhenus King of Lydia Cora by Dardanus Argilla by the Pelasgians who also brought Letters first into Latium Phalisca by Halesus the Argiue the Phalerians by Phalerius the Argiue Fescininum also by the Argiues the Hauen of Parthenium by the Phocenses Tybur as Cato witnesseth by Catillus the Arcadian the Admirall of Euanders fléete or as Sextius saith by the youth of Argos For Catillus the Sonne of Amphiaraus after the monstrous destruction of his Father at Thebae béeing sent by his Grandfather Oecleus with all his issue or ceremonies into Italy begot there thrée Sonnes Tyburtus Cora and Catillus who dryuing out of the Towne the Sicanes of Sicill y â— anncient inhabiters thereof called the Cittie after the name of the elder brother Tyburt Anon after was the Temple of Minerua builded by Vlisses among the Brutians The Ilande of Ligaea tooke his name of the bodie of the Meremaid Ligâ—a cast a land there Parthenopee was so called of the Meremaide Parthenopees Tombe which towne it pleased Augustus afterward to call Naples Prenestee as Zenodotus reporteth tooke his name of Praenest the Nephewe of Vlisses and Sonne of Latinus or as the bookes of y â— Prenestines make mention of Caeculus whom the Sisters of the Digitians found by the fatall fires as the bruite goeth It is knowne that Petilia was founded by Philoctete Arpos and Beneuent by Diomed Padua by Antenor Metapont by the Pylians Scyllace by the Athenians Sybaris by the Troyzenians and by Sagaris the sonne of Aiax of Locres Salentum by the Lycians Ancon by the Sicilians Gabye by Galace and Bius of Sicill brothers Tarent by the posteritie of Hercules the Ilande Teâ—sa by the Ionians rest by the Dorians Croton by Myscell and Archia Rhegium by the Chalcidians Cawlon and Terin by the Crotonians Locros by the Naritians Heret by the Greekes in the honour of Iuno whom they call Hera Aritia by Archilocus the Sicilian whereof the name as liketh Cassius Hermina is deriued In thys place Orestes by admonishment of the Oracle hallowed the Image of Diana of Scythia which he had fetched from Taurica before hee went with it to Argos The Zanclenses builded Metawre and the Locrines builded that Metapont which is now called Vibo Baccbus saith plainelie that the Vmbrians are the auncient of-spring of the Galles Marcus Antonius affirmeth that they were called Vmbrians in Greeke because that in the time of the generall destructioÌ„ that was by water they escaped the daunger thereof Licinius is of the opinion that the originall of Messapia which was giuen by Messapus a Gréeke was afterwarde turned into the name of Calabrie which in the first beginning Peucerius the Brother of Oenotrius had named Peâ—ceria The like agreement also
bloode that is shedde from them both soketh into the ground and all the earth that is stéeped therewith becommeth a vernish to paint withall called Cinnabar The firste time that euer Oliphants were séene in Italy was the fourehundred thréescore and twelfth yéere after the building of Rome when Pyrrhus king of the Epirhots made warre against the Romaines and because they were séene in Lucanie first they called them Oxen of Lucanie In the Prouince Caesariensis is the Towne of Caesarea peopled wyth Romaines sent thither by the Emperour Claudius héeretofore the Pallace of king Bocchus which Towne afterwarde by the bountifulnesse of the Romaines was gyuen to King Iuba for a rewarde There is also the Towne Siga where Syphax dwelled But wee must not passe mute from Icosium For as Hercules passed that way twentie that forsooke his companie chose a place and laid foundation of the walles and because no man should boast peculiarlie of gyuing the name by hymselfe alone the name was gyuen it of the number of the builders CAP. XXXVIII Of Numidia and of the Beares therein HOwe much soeuer is from y â— Ryuer Ampsaga is attributed to Numidia The Inhabiters heereof as long as they straied abroade in grazing like wanderers were called Nomades In it are many noble Cittyes but Cirta excelleth them all and next Culloo comparable to Tyre in dying Purple All this Region bordereth wholie vpon the marches of Zeugitane In such part of it as is wooddie it nourisheth wilde Beasts where it is high ground it bréedeth Horses also it is coÌ„mended for the excellent Marble that it hath The Beares of Numidie excell all other Beares onely in fiercenes and déepe hayre for the littering of them is like in all places wheresoeuer they be bred I will speake therof by and by They couple not in like sort as other foure footed beastes doo but inasmuch as they are formed apt to embracinges they couple together as man and woman do Winter stirreth vp their desire of generation The Males seuering themselues for the tyme doo reuerence the Females when they are bagged and although they lie all in one den yet they lie seuerallye by themselues in couches deuided one from an other with diches The time of their whelping is very swift for they goe not past thirtie daies whereby it coÌ„meth to passe that their ouerhastie littering maketh them bring forth deformed whelps The things that they bring forth are little lumps of flesh of colour white without eyes And by reason of the hastie comming foorth before it be ripe it is nothing but a shapelesse matter sauing that it hath the proportion of nayles These they fashion by little and little with licking and sometimes they cherrish them by laying their warme breastes to them to the intent that through the heate of their continuall rucking vppon them they may gather the breath of lyfe All that while they fast Surelie for the first fouretéene daies the dammes fall into so heauie a sléepe that they cannot be waked with woundes After they haue whelped they kéepe home by the space of foure months together Afterward when they goe abroade into the open daie they can so ill awaie with the vnaccustomed light that a man would think they were blinded Beares haue weake heades and their greatest strength is in their fore pawes and in their loynes wherby it commeth to passe that sometimes they will stande vpright vppon their hinder féete They lye in waite for Béehiues lusting greatlie for the Combes and they snatch at nothing more gréedilie then at honnie If they taste of the Apples of Mandrake they die Neuerthelesse they preuent the mischiefe before it growe too strong and deuoure Ants to recouer theyr health If at anie time they sette vppon Bulles they knowe vppon what parts it is best for them to catche holde and therefore they catch at no parte but their hornes and theyr nostrils their hornes to the intent to weigh them downe theyr nostrilles to the intent to put them to greater payne in so tender a place In the time that Marcus Messala was Consull Lucius Domitius Aenobardus béeing Curulis Aedilis showed a hundred Beares of Numidie and as manie Huntsmen of Aethiop in y â— great Theater at Rome and that syght was regystred among hys honourable tytles CAP. XXXIX Of Affrick of Lyons of the Hyene of the sundry sorts of Serpents of precious stones of monstrous kindes of creatures and of other notable thinges of that Countrey ALl Affricke beginneth at the foote of Zeugitane facing the Ilande Sardinia from the Promontorie of Apollo and butting towarde Sicill from y â— Promontorie of Mercurie Thus shooteth it foorth wyth two heades whereof the one is called the whyte Promontorie and y â— other which is in the region Cyrenaica is called Phycus The same béeing situate directlie against the Ile of Crete by the Cretish Sea shooteth into the sandes toward Taenarus of Lacedemon Catabathmos windeth into Aegypt The next Country whereunto which is Cyrenaica lyeth betwéene the two Syrts which the shallowe and vncertaine Sea maketh vnaccessible The rysing and falling of which Salt water it is no easie matter to finde so vncertaine is the moouing thereof one while breaking into shallow shelues and another whyle ouerflowing like a spring tyde Varro affyrmeth that the ground béeing there loose is readye to be perced with euery wynd by meanes wherof the suddaine force of the swift blastes dooth eyther puffe out or sowpe in the Seas All this coast is deuided froÌ„ Aethiope the borders of Asia by the Ryuer Nygris which is the mother of Nilus and from Spayne by the narrowe Sea On that side that enclyneth to the South it is voide of springs altogether droughtie On the other side that lyeth towarde the North it is watred aboundantly insomuch that in the Countrye Bizacene which is two hundred myles ouer or more the soyle is so rich that the séede there sowne yéeldeth increase of a hundred times as much fruite That many straungers haue resorted thither to inhabite we will showe you for a proofe the Cittyes and places there The Promontorie Boreon which is beaten vppon wyth the Northwynde was so named by Greeks that came thither The Towne of Hyppon which afterward was called Rhegium and the other Hyppon called afterward Dyarrhyton of the narowe sea running by it two noble Townes were builded by Knights of Greece The Sicilians builded the Citie Clypea and named it first Aspis they builded Venerie also whereunto they transâ—ferred the religion of Venus of Eryx The Achaeans in their language gaue the name of Trypolis because of the number of y e thrée Citties Taphre Abrotone the greater Lextis The Philene brethren tooke that Greeke name of the desire of praise The people of Tyre were founders of Adrymet and Carthage But now wyll I declare what true bookes haue reported of Carthage This Cittie as Cato in his Oration before the Senate
of which floweth a clammy gumme which of the place it commeth fro we call Ammoniack Furthermore among the Cyrenenses groweth Syrpe y e rootes whereof haue a pleasant flauor and it is more like a shrubbie hearbe then a fruite Trée Out of the stalke thereof yssueth in the summer time a fatte dew which cleaueth to the beards of Goates that feede thereon and when it is there throughly dryed it is gathered in dropps like Isickes to serue vppon Tables or rather to serue for medicine It was first called the mylke of Syrpe because it â—zeth in the manner of Mylke Afterward custome drawing it thereunto it was named Laser Thys Herbe was afterwarde almoste vtterlie dygged vppe by the Inhabiters of the Countrey by reason of the intolerable burthâ—n of trybute that was layde vppon them when their Countrey was wasted at the firste inuasion of strange nations On the left hande of Cyrene is Affrick on the right side Egypt on the foreside the rough and harborowlesse sea on the backpart diuers barbarous nations and a wildernesse not to be come vnto vninhabited and forlorne which bréedeth the Cockatrice such a singuler mischiefe as is not in all the whole worlde beside It is a serpent almost halfe a foote long white wyth as it were a little myter proportioned in lynes on his heade Hee is giuen to the vtter destruction not onely of man and beast or whatsoeuer hath life but also euen of the earth it selfe which he stayneth burneth vppe and seareth away wheresoeuer he hath his deadlie denne To be short he destroyeth hearbs kylleth Trées and infecteth the very aire insomuch that no byrd is able to flye ouer the place which he hath in fected wyth hys pestilent breath When hee mooueth himselfe he créepeth wyth hys one halfe and wyth the other halfe auaunceth himselfe aloft All other Serpents are horiblie afraide to heare his hyssing and as soone as they heare him they flee euerye one wyth as much haste as they can euery one hys way Whatsoeuer is kylled of his byting no wylde beaste will feede of it no foule wyll touche it And yet for all this he is ouercome of Weasels which menne bring thether and sende them into the dennes where he lurketh Notwithstanding he wanteth not power euen when he is dead The Cittizens of â—ergamus gaue a full * Sestertium for the carkasse of a Coâ—katrice and hanged it vpp in a nette of gold in the Temple of Apollo which was notable for the great workmanshypp thereof to the intent that neyther Spyders shoulde spynne there nor byrds flye in there About the vttermost nooke of the Syrts there runneth by the Cittye Berenice the Riuer Lethon which as is supposed issueth from the springes of hell and is renowmed among the auncient Poets for his forgetfull waters The foresaide Cittie was builded and fortified in the great Syrte by Berenice that was marryed to the third Pâ—olomie All the large contry that lyeth betwéen Egypt Aethyope and Lybia as farre as there is anye woods to cast shaddowe is replenished wyth sundry kyndes of Apes and I would not that any man shold be greeued at the mistaking of the name For surely it is not expedient to omit any thing wherein the prouidence of nature is to be séene Among these is the common sorte of Apes which we sée euery where not without great aptnesse to counterâ—et by means wher of they are the easier taken For while they desirouslie practise the gestures of Hunters who for the nonce leaue byrdlime to noynt them withall they dawbe vp theyr eyes as they had séene them pretende to doo before and so when theyr sight is stopped vppe they are easie to be caught They make merry at the newe of the Moone and they become sadde when shee is in the wane They loue their yong ones out of all measure in so much as they easiler loose the whelps that they are most chare ouer and carry in theyr armes because those that are not set by doo euer folow their dam hard at her bréech The Moonkyes haue tayles and this is the onely difference betweene them and the Apes The Dog-heads are also of the number of Apes most plenteous in the parts of Aethyop sprightish in leaping cruel in byting neuer so tamed but that they be more rather wyld Among Apes are also accounted the Sphinxes shacke hayred side and déepe dugged apt to be taught to forget theyr wyldnesse There are also that menne call Satyres very swéetefaced and full of mopping and toying continually The Callytriches are almost altogether vnlike the other On their face is a bearde and on their rumpe a broade tayle To catch these is no hard matter but so bring them out of the Country is a rare thing For they liue not but in the soyle of Acthiop that is to say in their owne soyle CAP. XL. Of the nation of the Hammanients and of the houses therein builded of salt BEtween the Nasamonits and the Troglodits is the nation of the Hammanients which build theyr houses of Salt which they heawe out of y e Mountaines in manner of stone and laye it with morter Such is the aboundance of this vaine that they make them houses of Saltstones These are the Hammanients which haue intercourse of Merchandise wyth the Troglodits The precious stones called Carbuncles are on this side the Hammanients more néerer the Nasamones The Asbysts lyue by Laser This is their nourishment and this is their â—oode CAP. XLI Of the Garaments and of a wonderfull fountayne among them Among the Garamants is the Towne Debris with a wonderfull Fountaine in it which by turnes is â—old a day times and hote a night times one while séething like water on the fire and another while becomming as cold as Ise both contrarieties procéeding out of y â— selfe same veynes It is a meruailous thing to be spoken of y â— in so short a time nature should so strangly disagrée with her selfe that whosoeuer tried her doings in the dark would think there were a continuall fire in the spring and he that felt it in the day would beléeue it were none other thing then a winters Water continually frozen By meanes whereof not with out good cause Debris is famous among those nations for that the waters change their propertie according to the moouing of the heauen though after a maner cleane conâ—rarie to the disposition of the Planets For whereas the euentide asswageth the heate of the world this spring beginneth to heate in such wise at the Sunne going downe that if yee touch it yee shall find it scalding Againe when the Sunne is rysen aboue the ground and all things are chauffed with hys rayes the water thereof is so excéeding colde that no man is able to drinke it be he neuer so thirstie Who then would not wonder at a Fountaine y â— becommeth cold through heate and hote
that it is alwaies ouercharged with the burthen of his fruite For as soone as euer his fruite is ripe and falne of newe spring forth and it tarrieth no longer without increase then while the first growne fruite may fall of Other nations haue endeuoured to plant these Trées in their grounds and slips and ymps haue béen fetched from thence and graffed But nature is so coye in that behalfe that no other soyle coulde borrowe that benefite from the Land of Media CAP. LIX Of the Gates of Mount Caspius ALl the Caspian Gates are a way cut out by mans hande eight myles of length and it is scarce so broade as a Carte may goe through In these streights among other things this also is verie difficult that y e stones on eache side which are ragged by meanes of the vaynes of salt that melt in them yeelde foorth moysture aboundantly which soone after beeing hardened by force of heate congealeth into Ise. By meanes whereof it becommeth so slypperie that no man can passe them Moreouer by the space of eyght and twenty myles all the Coaste which way soeuer ye goe from thence hath no welles nor springs but dry ground without any reskewe against thirst Also the Serpents that bréede in all couÌ„tries there about flocke thither as soone as euer the spring time beginneth Thus through the conspiracie of the difficultnesse and of the daungerousnesse there is no comming to the Caspians but in the wynter CAP. LX. Of Direum and of the Countrey Margiana FRom the Caspians Eastwarde is a place that they cal Direum to the plentifulnesse wherof there is no place any where to be coÌ„pared about which dwel the Tapyres the Anariaks and the Hyrcanes There bordereth also vppon it the Countrey Margiana not able for the wholsomnesse of the ayre and commodities of the soyle in so much as in all that large Coast y â— Countrey onely hath vynes It is enclosed round about like a Theatre with hyls the compasse of a thousand and fiue hundred â—urlongs almost vnpossible to be come vnto for the sandy desert which enuironeth it euery way round about by the space of a hundred and twenty myles Alexander the great liked so well of the pleasantnesse of this Region that he builded the first Alexandria there which was anon after rased by the barbarous people and repayed againe by Antiochus the Sonne of Seleucus who according to the name of hys progenie called it Seleucia the circuit of which Cittie containeth thréescore and fiftéene furlongs Into this Citie did Orodes conuey the Romaines that were taken at the slaughter of Crassus Alexander reared another Towne also among the Caspians which was called Heraclea as long as it stoode But this also béeing beaten down by the same nations was afterward repayred by Aâ—tiochus and as it liked him best was named Achais CAP. LXI Of the Ryuer Oxus and the nations about it of the voyages of Liber Parer Hercules and Semyramis of the bounds of King Cyrus and of the nature of Cammels THe Ryuer Oxus springeth out of the Lake Oxus the brimmes wherof are inhabited about by the Henioches Batenes Oxistages but the chiefest part is inhabited by the Bactrians The Bactrians also haue a peculiar Riuer of theyr owne called Bactrus and a Towne thereupon which they inhabit named Bactrum The nations that are behynde this are enuironed with the hyls of Paropamisus which endeth against the heade of the Ryuer Indus the rest is enclosed by the Ryuer Oxus Beyond these is Panda a Towne of the Sogdians in the borders of whom great Alexander builded the thyrde Alexandria to testifie the bounds of hys iourney For this is the place where Altars were erected first by Liber Pater secondly by Hercules thirdly by Semyramis and lastly by Cyrus and therefore it was counted one of the greatest commendations of Alexander that he set out the bounds of his voyage so farre as y â— place The Ryuer Iaxaâ—tes disseuereth the borders of all the Countryes that lie in that tract onely which Ryuer neuerthelesse the Bactrians onely call Iaxartes for the Scythiâ—ns call it Silys The Souldiours of great Alexanders hoste tooke this Iaxartes to be the same Ryuer that is â—anais But Demodamas a Captaine of Seleuchus and Antiochus a sufficient Author in thys behalfe passing ouer this Ryuer went beyond the tytles of all that were before him and found it to be another Ryuer then Tanais in remembrance of which hys renowmed enterprise for the more aduaunâ—ment of his owne fame he reared Altars to Apollo Didymaeus in the same place This is the battable grounde where the Marches of Persia and Scythia meete The which Scythians the Persians in their language call Saks and the Scythians on the otherside name y e Persians Chorsars and the Mountaine Caucasus they cal Graucasus that is to say white with snowe Numbers of people innumerable héere abouts keepe the same Lawes and customs that the Parthians doo if an vniuersall consent from the beginning without breaking or alteration of order Of which the famousest are the Massagets the Essedons the Saks the Dahes and the Assaeans Beyond whom by reason of most cruell and barbarous nations that lye betwixt we finde great vncertaintie in the reporte of the customes of other nations Out of Bactria come strongest Cammels albeit that Arabie bredde of them too But this is the difference betwixt them that the Camels of Arabie haue two bunches on theyr backs and they of Bactria haue but one These doo neuer were theyr feete for the féete of the other haue as it were little palmes of fleshe turning backe againe By meanes whereof they haue a contrary fault in theyr going in that there is no help for them to sette theyr feete stedfast vpon the ground They serue to double vse For some bee good for the burthen and some are light swyft in running But neither wyll those receiue more then a reasonable burthen nor these goe aboue their ordinarie pace For desire of generation they become madd in so much as they are outragious cruell when they woulde goe to make They hate horses and they will forbeare drink by the space of foure dayes together But when the time serues that they may drink they hale in as much as wyll bothe staunche the drought that is past and moyst them for the thirst that is long to come They couet soyled waters and refuse the cléere And if it bee not muddie of it selfe they will rayse vppe the mudde with continual stamping make it troubled They endure an hundred yeeres vnlesse it be so that they be conueied into strange Countryes and so the chaunge of ayre make them diseased The Females are prepared for the warres and meanes is found howe to kill the desire of generation in them by gelding them For it is thought they become the stronger if they be kept from the Males CAP. LXII of the Seres and of theyr silks AS yee turne from
according to the vowe that hee had made for the punishing of Cacus and the recouerie of his Oxen dedicated an Altar to his Father Iupiter whom he surnamed y e finder This Cacus inhabited a place named Salines whereas is now the Gate called Trigemina Who as Coelius reporteth béeing sent to ward by Tarchon the Tyrrhenian to whom he came of Ambassade from King Marsias accompanied with Megales the Phrygian brake out of prison and returning from whence he came raysed a greater puissaunce and subdued all the Country about the Riuer Vulturnus Campane Wherewith béeing not content as he attempted the conquest of those thinges that were come in possession of y â— Arcadians he was vanquished by Hercules who by chaunce was there at the same time And the Sabines receyuing Megales again were taught by him the art of Byrdspelling Hercules also hauing learned of Nicostrate the mother of Euander who for her skill in prophesying was also called Carmentis that he should become immortall erected an Altar to hys owne maiestie which among our Byshops is had in very great reuerence Moreouer he made the consept within the which he taught the Potits howe they shoulde solemnize his rites and ceremonies in offering Oxen. Hercules Chappell is in the Oxe-market wherein are remayning the monuments of hys banquet and maiestie euen vnto this day For such a gyft is giuen it from Heauen that neither dogs nor flyes can enter into the place For at such time as hee was offering the inwards of his sacrifice it is sayd that he cursed the God Myagrus and left his Clubbe in the Porche at the smell whereof dogges ran away and so it continueth to this howre The Church also which is called the Treasory of Saturne was builded by hys companions in the honor of Saturne whoÌ„ they had learned to haue béene an inhabiter of that Country Furthermore they named the Hill where now is y e Capitoll Saturnes Hyll Of the Castle also which they builded they named the Gate Saturnes Gate which afterward was called Pandangate At the foote of the Hill Capitoline was the dwelling of Carmentis and there is nowe the Chappell of Carmentis wherof the Gate of Carmentis taketh his name As for y e Pallace it is not to be doubted but that the Arcadians were founders thereof who also before that time builded the Towne Palanteum which the Aborigens inhabited a whyle but afterward for the noysomnesse of the fenne and marrys which the Tyber running by it had made left it vp and remooued to Rhaeatee There are that thinke thys Hill tooke hys name of the bleating of shéepe by chaunging of Letters or of Pale the Goddesse of Shéepeheardes or as Silenus prooueth of Pallas the daughter of Hyperboreus whom Hercules deflowred on that Hyll But howsoeuer these thyngs agrée it is manifest that the glorye of the Romaine name did chéefely spring out of that luckye foreâ—oken specially séeing that the account of the yéeres bringeth good reason to ground the trueth vppon For as Varro a most exquisite Author affirmeth Romulus the sonne of Mars and Rhaea Siluta or as diuers other suppose of Mars and Ilia builded Rome And at the first Rome was called square because it was platted out by line and leuell It beginneth at the Groue that is in the floore of Apollo and endeth at the vpper brew of Cacus staiers where as was y e cotage of Faustulus And there dwelled Romulus that luckely layd the foundation of the walles in the 18. yere of his age the eleueÌ„th Calends of May betwéene two thrée of the clock as Lucius Tarutius the famous Mathematick hath left in wryting Iupiter béeing at that time in Pisces Saturne Venus Mars Mercurie in Scorpio the Sonne in Taurus and the Moone in Lybra And it was euer after kept for a custome that no sacrifice should be slayne by men on theyr birth dayes to the intent that that day should be pure from bloodshed The signification whereof men holde opinion was taken of the deliueraunce of Ilia The said Romulus raigned thirty and seauen yéeres He ledde the first tryumph that euer was And first hee tryumphed ouer the Ceninenses and spoyled Acron theyr King whose Armour he first dedicated to Iupiter Fâ—retrius and hung it vp in hys Temple terming it by y â— name of a rich spoyle Secondly he triumphed ouer the Antenuaâ—s and lastly ouer the Vienâ—s Finally at y e Fen of Caprea he vanished away the Nones of Iuly Now will I shew in what places the other Kinges dwelt Tatius dwelt in the Towre where as nowe is the Temple of Iuno Moneta who in the fift yeere after his comming into the Cittie béeing murthered by the Laurents departed out of this lyfe the 27. Olimpiad Numa dwelt first on Quirins Hyll and afterward by Vestaas Church in the Court which yet still beareth the same name Hee raigned 43. yéeres and is buried vnder Ianiculum Tullus Hostilius dwelt in Velia where afterward was made the Temple of Houshold Gods He raigned two and thirty yéeres and died in the thirty fiue Olympiade Ancus Martius dwelt in the vpper ende of the holy stréete wher now is the Temple of the Gods called Lares Hee raigned thirty and foure yéeres and dyed the 41. Olympiade Tarquine the elder dwelt at the Gate Mugonia aboue the New stréete and raigned seauen and thirty yeres Seruius Tullius dwelt in the Exquilies aboue Olbyes Hyll and raigned forty and two yéeres Tarquine the proude dwelt in the Exquilies also vpon Mount Pullus by the Béechie Lake and raigned twentie fiue yéeres Cincius thinketh that Rome was builded in the twelfth Olympiad Fabius â—ictor thinketh it was builded in the eyght Nâ—epos and LactaÌ„tius approouing the opinions of Eratosthenes and Apollâ—dorus suppose it was builded in the second yéere of the seuenth Olympiad Pomponius Atticus and Marcus Tullius Câ—â—ero hold opinion that it was builded y e third yéere of the sixt Olympiad Therefore by conferring our timeâ— with the Gréekes wee finde that Rome was builded in the beginning of the seauenth Olympiad the foure hundred and thrée and thirty yéere after the taking of Troy For the gaming of Olympus which Hercules made in y â— honor of Pelops hys great Grandfather by the mothers side béeing left of was by Iphiclus one of hys posteritie renued after the destruction of Troy the foure hundred and eyght yéere Wherevpon it commeth to passe that the first Olympiad is reckoned from Iphiclus So letting passe sixe Olimpiads betwéene Iphiclus the building of Rome of which euery Olympiad contayneth foure yéeres séeing that Rome was builded in the beginning of the seauenth Olimpiad it must néedes fall out that there were iust foure hundred thirty and thrée yéeres betwéene the destruction of Troy and the foundation of Rome To the proofe of this argument maketh that when Caius Pompeius Gallus and
meanes wherof in thirtie and sixe yéeres whereas nine daies had béen sufficient twelue daies were reckoned The which béeing espied Augustus reformed in this wise Hee commaunded that twelue yéeres should passe without leape to the intent y â— those thrée daies aboue the nine which were superfluously added might by this means be recompensed Uppon which discipline was afterward grounded the order of all times Notwithstanding albeit that for these and many other thinges we may thinke our selues beholding to the raigne of Augustus who was almost péerelesse in his gouernment yet there are to be found so manie mis-fortunes in his life that a manne can not easily discerne whither hee were more miserable or happy First for that in his sute to his Uncle for the Lieuetenantship of the horsmen Lepidus the Tribune was preferred before him not without a certaine foyle of his first attempts Secondlie for that he was greatlie anoied by the authoritie of Antony ioyned with him in the office of the Thréemen and with the battell at Philippo Thirdly for the hatred that hee raised against himselfe for proclayming the Noblemen Traytors The disheriting of Agrippa borne after the decease of his Father whom he had adopted before to be his Sonne and the great repentance he tooke thereof afterward for the desire he had vnto him His shipwracks in Sicill his shamefull lurking in a Caue there the often mutinies of his Souldiours against him the thought hee tooke in the siedge of Perusium the detecting of hys Daughters aduoutrie and of the intent shee had to murther him and as shamefull a matter as y â— other the infamie of his Néece blamed for the death of her Sonnes the gréefe of his solitarinesse for the lesse of his Children which was not a corzie alone The pestilence y â— raigned in the Cittie The famine through all Italie in the time of his warres in Illirick the narrowe shifts that he was driuen to for want of Souldiours the crazednes of his body which was alwaies sicklie the spightfull discention of Nero hys Wyues Sonne the vnfaithfull imaginations of his wife and her Sonne Tiberius and manie other thinges of the same sort Notwithstanding as though the World hadde bewailed this mans ende the euils hanging ouer mens heades were shewed before by tokens nothing doubtfull For one Fausta a woman of the meaner sorte brought foorth at one burthen foure Twinnes two Sonnes and as manie Daughters prognosticatinge by her monstrous fruitfulnesse the great calamitie that was to come Howbeit that Trogus the wryter of Histories affirmeth that seauen are borne together at one burthen in Aegypt which thing in that Country is not so great a wonder forasmuch as the Ryuer Nilus with his fruitfull water maketh plentifull not onelie the soile of the grounde but also mens bodyes Wée reade that Cneus Pompeius did shewe openly in the Theater at Rome one Eutichis a woman of Asia with her twentie Children which she was certainlie knowne to haue beene deliuered of at three burthens onelie And therefore I thinke it expâ—dient to treate in thys place concerning the generation of Man CAP. III. Of Man and of his byrth of men of wonderfull strength and of the stone Alectorius or the Cockstone FOr inasmuch as we are minded to make a note of thinges woorthy to be touched concerning lyuing creatures as y â— Countries of eche of them souerally shal put vs in remembraunce Reason would we should begin chiefly at that creature which nature hath preferred before al others in iudgement of vnderstanding and capacitie of wisedome Of Women some bee barren for euer othersome by change of Husbandes become fruitfull Many beare but one Childe and diuers bring forth eyther onely Males or onelie Females After fiftie yéeres the fruitfulnesse of them all is at a point but Men begette Children vntill they be fourescore like as King Masinissa begat his Sonne Metymathnus when he was of the age of fourescore and sixe yéeres Caâ—â— when he was full fourescore yéere old and vpward begat the Grandfather of Cato that killed himselfe at Vtiâ—a vpon the Daughter of his Client Salonius Thys is also found to be of a truth that when two are conceiued one somewhat after another the Woman goeth out her full time of them both like as hath beene séene in Hercules and his brothâ—r Iphiclus who béeing carryed both in one burthen had notwithstanding like distaunce of time betwéene their birthes as there was distance betwéene their begetting And likewise in a wench called Proconesia who committing aduoutry with two sundry men was deliuered of a payre of Twinnes eche of them resembling his Father This Iphiclus begat Iolaus who entering the Iland Sardinia and there alluring vnto concord the wauering minds of the inhabitants builded Olbia and other Greeke Townes They which after his name were called Iolenses reared a Temple ouer his Tombe because he folowing the vertues of his Uncle hadde deliuered Sardinia from manie euilles The tenth day after coÌ„ception will by some paine put the Mothers in remeÌ„braunce that they be with Child For from that tyme forward their heads shall begin to bée disquieted and their sight shal waxe dimme Also the appetite of their stomack shall abate and they shall beginne to loathe meate It is agréed vpon among all men that of the whole flesh the first part that is formed is the harte and that it increaseth vnto the thréescore and fift day and afterwarde diminisheth againe and that of gristles are made the backbones and therefore it putteth them in daunger of death if eyther of bothe those partes be hurt Doubtlesse if it be a Malechild that is in fashioning the Women that beare them are better coloured and their deliueraunce is more spéedy and finally it beginneth to stirre at the fortie day The Female stirreth not before the fourescore and tenth daie and the conception thereof dyeth y e countenaunce of the Mother with a pale colour and also hindereth the legges with a faint slownesse in going In bothe kindes when the heare beginneth to growe then is the greater disease and the paine is more bréeme in the full of the Moone w t time also is alwaies noysome to theÌ„ when they are borne Whâ—n a Woman wyth Child eateth meates that are ouersalt the Child shalbe borne without nayles At such time as the byrth béeing fully rype approcheth to the instant of deliueraunce it greatlie auaileth the Woman that laboreth to hold her breath for asmuch as yawning dooth wyth deadlie delay prolong the deliuery It is againste nature for the byrth to come foorth with his féete forward and therefore as Children hardly borne they are called in Latine Agrippae Such as are so borne are for the moste parte vnfortunate and short liued Onely in one Man namely Marcus Agrippa it was a token of good lucke howbeit not altogether so misfortunelesse but that hee suffered more aduersitie then prosperity For with miserable paine of his féete and the
is among Authors that Palynure tooke that name of Palynure the Pylotte of Aenaeas his Shyppe and Misene of hys Trumpetor Misene and the Iland Leucosie of his Systers daughter Leucosia It is fully agréed vppon among all menne that Caiet tooke that name of Caieta Aenaeassis Nurce and Lauine of his wyfe Lauinia which Towne was builded the fourth yéere after the destruction of Troy as Cussonius auoucheth Neither must it be omitted that Aenaeas arryuing on the coast of Italy the second sommer after that Troy was taken as Hemina reporteth wyth no moe then 600 in hys companie piched hys Campe in the fieldes of Laurent and there while hee was dedicating the Image that he had brought wyth him out of Sicill vnto his Mother Venus by the name of Aphroditee he receiued the Image of Pallas of Diomed and anon after receiuing fiue hundred Acres of ground of King Latinus hee raigned thrée yéeres in equall authoritie with him After whose decease when he had raigned two yéeres he went to the Riuer Numicius and was neuer séene more The seauenth yéere after was giuen to him the name of Father Iâ—diges Afterward were builded by Ascanius Alba longa Fidenee and Antium by the Tyrians Nola and by the Eubaeans Cumes There is the Chappell of the same Sybill which in the fift Olympiade was present at the Romaine enterprises whose booke our Bishops resorted to for Counsell vntill the time of Cornelius Sylla for then was it together with the Capitoll consumed with fire As for her two former bookes shee hadde burned them with her owne handes because Tarquine the proude did offer her a more niggardly price then she had sette them at Her Tombe remaineth yet in Sicill Bocchus auoucheth that Sybell of Delphos prophesied before the battel of Troy and he declareth that Homer did put many of her verses into his worke After her within fewe yéeres space followed Heriphylee of Aerythra who was also called Sybill for the affinity she had with y â— other in the same kind of knowledge who among other great thinges warned the Lesbians that they should loose the dominion of y â— Sea many yéeres before the thing came to passe So y â— very order of the time prooueth that Sybill of Cumes was third after this Italy therefore wherein sometime the auncient Country of Latium stretched from the mouth of Tyber vnto the Ryuer Lyris ryseth whole together from the sides of the Alpes and reached to the toppe of the Promonorie or headlonde of Rhegium and the Seacoast of the Brutians where it shooteth Southward into the Sea Procéeding from thence it rayseth it selfe by little and little at the backe of the Mountaine Appenâ—ne lying in length betwéene the Tuscane Sea and the Adriatish Sea that is to saye betwéene the vpper Sea and the neather Sea like an Oken leafe that is to say larger in length than in breadth When it commeth to the furthest it deuideth into two hornes whereof the one butteth vppon the Ionish Sea and the other vppon the Sea of Sicill Betwéene which two heades it receiueth not y â— winding Sea in with one whole and maine shoare but shooting foorth as it were sundrie tongues it admitteth the Sea disseuered by the heads running forth in to the déepe There to the intent we may note thinges heere and there by the way are the Towres of Tarent the Countrye Scyllaea with the Towne Scylleum and the Riuer Crathis the mother of Scylla as antiquitie hath fabled the Forrests of Rhegium the Ualies of Pesta the Meremaids Rocks the most delectable coast of Campane the playnes of Phlegra the house of Circâ— the Iland of Tarracine sometime enuironed with the wauing Sea but nowe by continuance of time landed vppe to the firme grounde hauing cleane contrarie fortune to the Rhegines whom the Sea by thrusting it selfe betwixt hath violently disseuered froÌ„ the Sicilians Also there is Formy inhabited somtime by the Lestrigones and many other thinges entreated of at large by pregnant wittes the which I thought more for mine ease to passe ouer then not to set them out at the full But the length of Italy which runneth from Augusta Prâ—toria through the Cittie and Capua vnto the Towne of Rhogiâ—â—◠〈◊〉 to a thousand and twenty miles The breadth of it where it is broadest is foure hundred and ten myles and where it is narrowest a hundred and sixe and thirtie miles sauing at the Hauen which is called Hanniballes Campe for there it exceedeth not fortie miles The hart of the Realme is in the fieldes of Rheatee as Vâ—rro testifieth The compasse of the whole circuite together is two thousand foure hundred fourescore and tenne miles In the which circuit ouer againste the Coast of Locres is finished the first Coast of Eâ—rope For the seconde beginning at the heade of Laciuium endeth at the Cliffs of Acroceraunia Further more Italie is renowmed with the Riuer Po which Mount Vesulus one of the toppes of the Alpes powreth out of hys bosome from a spring that is to be séene in the borders of Ligurie from whence Po issueth and sinking into the ground ryseth againe in the fieldes of Vibo not inferior to any Ryuer in same and it is called of the Greekes Eridanus It swelleth in the beginning of the dogge dayes at such time as y â— snowâ—â— and hoarefrosts of the former Winter begin to melt and so beeing increased with y e surplusage of waters it carrioth thirtie Ryuers with him into the Adriatish Sea Among other thinges woorthy of remembraunce this is famous and notably talked of in euery Mans mouth that there are certaine housholds in the Countryes of the Phalisks which they call Hirpes These make yéerely sacrifice to Apollo at the Mountaine Soractee and in performing thereof doo in honor of the diuine seruice frisks and dawnce vppe and downe vpon the burning wood without harme the 〈◊〉 sparing them Which religious and deuout kinde of ministration the Senate rewarding honourably priuiledged the Hirpes from all taxes and from all kind of seruice for euer That the Nation of the Marsyes can not bee hurt by serpents it is no maruell For they fetch their pedegrée from the Sonne of Circee and of the power descended to them from their auncestors they vnderstand that venemous thinges ought to stande in awe of them and therefore they despise poysons C Caelius saith that Octas had thrée daughters Augitia Medea and Circee and that Circee possessed the Hilles called Circes Hilles there practising to make sundry shapes and fashions through her sorceries and charmes And that Augitia occupyed the Country about Fuâ—num and there after practising the wholesome sciences of Léechecrast against maladies and diseases when shée forewent this life was reputed for a Goddesse And that Medea was buried by Iason at Buthrote and her Sonne raigned among the Marsyes But although that Italy haue this customable defence yet is not altogether frée from
Serpents Finally the inhabiters chased the Serpents from Amycle which the Amycleans of Greece had builded before There is great store of a kinde of Uyper whose byting is incurable They be somewhat shorter then the reste of Uipers that are founde in other places of the world and therefore while they bee not regarded they hurt the sooner Calabrie swarmeth with Snakes that liue bothe by water by land called Chersydres and it bréedeth the Boa which is a kinde of Snake reported to grow to an vnmeasurable bignesse First it seeketh after Heardes of mylche Kyne and what Cowe soeuer yeeldeth most milke her dugs dooth hée draw And batling with continuall sucking of her in processe of tyme hee so stuffeth out hymselfe wyth ouerglutting hym tyll hee bée readie to burste that at the last no power is able to withstande hys hugenesse So that in fine rauening vp the lyuing creatures hee maketh the Countries waste where he keepeth And in the raigne of Claudius there was séene a whole Chylde in the mawe of a Boa that was kylled in the â—ilde which nowe is called Vaticane Italy hath Wolues which are vnlike the Wolues of other Countryes and therefore if they sée a Manne before a Man sée them he becommeth dumbe and beeing preuented with theyr hurtfull sight although hee haue desire to crie out yet hath he no vse of voice to doo it withall I passe ouer manie thinges willingly concerning Wolues This is moste certainly tryed that in this beastes tayle is a very fine hare that hath the power of loue in it the which hee is willing to loose and therefore casteth it away when he feareth to bee caught for it hath no vertue vnlesse it be pulled from him while he is aliue Wolues goe to sault not aboue twelue dayes in all the whole yéere In time of famine they féede themselues with earth But those that are called Hartwolues although after long fasting when they haue hardly founde fleshe they fall to eating it yet if they happen to cast theyr eye vpon anie thing by chaunce they forget what they are in dooing and forsake theyr present aboundance gadde to séeke nâ—we reléefe wherewith to fill theyr bellyes In thys kind of beastes is also rekoned the Lynxes whose Urine such as haue narrowly searched the natures of stones doo vphold to congeale into the hardnesse of a precious stone Which thing that the Linxes themselues doo well perceiue is proued by thys tryall that as soone as the water is passed from them by and by they couer it ouer as much as they can with heapes of sande verily of spight as Theophrastus auoucheth least such matter issuing from them shoulde turne to our vse This stone hath the coloure of Amber It it draweth vnto it thinges that bee néere at hande it qualifieth the gréefe of the raynes it remedieth the Kinges euill and in Gréeke it is called Lyncution Grashoppers are dumbe among the Rhegines and not elswhere which silence of them is wonderfull and good cause why séeing the Grashoppers of y â— Locrines theyr next neighbors cry louder then all others Granius reporteth the cause thereof to bee this that when they made a yelling about Hercules as he rested there he commaunded them to cease their chyrping wherevpon beginning to holde theyr peace they continued mute from thenceforth to thys day The Lygusticke Sea bringeth foorth shrubbes which so soone as they be in the déepes of the water are lushe and almost like a grystle to touch But assoone as they come aboue the water by and by degenerating from theyr naturall sappe they become stones And not onely the qualitie but also the colour of them is turned for straight way they looke Redde as Scarelette The braunches of them are such as we sée on Trées for the most part halfe a foote long but seldome to bee found of a foote long Of them are carued many prety things to were about folkes For as Zoroastres sayth thys substaunce hath a certaine singuler power and therefore whatsoeuer is made thereof is counted among those thinges that are wholesome Other folke call it Corall and Metrodorus nameth it Gorgia The same man affyrmeth also that it withstandeth whirlwinds and thunder and lightning There is a precious stone dygged vp in a part of Lucanie so pleasant to behold that it casteth a Saffron colour vpon the starres dimmed inwardly and glimmering vnder a myste The same stone is called a Syrtite because it was founde first vpon the Seacoast of the Syrts There is also the Veientane stone so named of y e place wher it is found the colour whereof béeing blacke for the more beautie of varietie is enterlaced distinctly with white lynes and whitish strakes The Ilande which faceth the coast of Puell is renowmed with the Tombe Temple of Diomed and alonely nourisheth Diomeds birds For this kind of Foule is no where els in al y e worlde but there And that thing alone might séeme woorthy to bée recorded though there were not other thinges beside not méete to bee omitted They are in fashion almost like a Coote of colour whyte with fierie eyes and â—oothed bylles They flie in flocks and not without order in theyr setting forth They haue two Captaines that rule theyr flight of whom the one flyeth before and the other behinde the sormost as a guyde to direct them certainly which way to flie the hindermost as an ouerséear to haste forward them that lagge behinde with continuall calling vpon them And this is the order that they keepe in theyr fléeting When bréeding time is at hande they digge pits with their billes and then bending wickers ouer them after the manner of Hardles they close in that which they haue made hollow vnderneath And least they might bee vncouered if paraduenture the windes should blowe awaie theyr woodden roofes they coope this watling ouer with the earthe which they hadde throwne out when they digged the pittes So they build theyr nestes with two entryes and that not at a venture insomuch that they caste their entries in and out according to y e quarters of the heauen The dorâ— that they goe out at to their féeding openeth into the East and that which receiueth them home againe is towarde the West To the intent the light may both hast them when they make tariaunce and also not faile them to return home by When they will purge their paunches they mount aloft against the wind to the intent it may carrie their ordure the further from them They discerne a straunger from a man of the Country For if he be a Gréeke they approche vnto him and as far as may bee vnderstanded doo fawne gentlie vppon him as their Countriman But if he be of anie other Nation they flye vpon him and assault him They frequent the holy Church euery day after this maner They wash their feathers in the water when they haue wet their wings throughlie they
come flocking al on a deaw so shaking the moisture vppon the Church doo purge it Then they rouse their feathers afterwarde as hauing doone their deuotion depart again Here vppon it is reported y â— Diomedes coÌ„panions were â—urned into birds Certainely before y â— comming of y â— Aetolian Captaine they were not called Diomedes birds but euer since they haue had that name The running forth of Italy through the Lâ—burnians which are a people that came out of Asia extendeth to the foote of Dalmatia and Dalmatia vnto the borders of Illyrick in which coast y â— Dardanians haue their dwelling a people descended of the line of Troy but growne wilde and sauage and degenerated into barbarous manners On the otherside it extendeth by the marches of Lombardie vnto the Prouince of Narbone in which the Phocenses beeing in olde time chased out of theyr Countrey by the comming of the Persians builded the Cittie of Marsills in y e fiue and forteth Olympiâ—d Caius Marius in the tyme of the warre against the Cymbrians did let in y e Sea in Channels made wyth mans hand mittigated the dangerous sayling of the riuer Rhone which faling down froÌ„ the Alps rusheth first through Swicerland carying with him a nuÌ„ber of waters that meete him by the way and afterward by his continuall encrease becommeth more troublesome then the very Sea wherinto it falleth vnlesse it bee when the Sea is raised with the wyndes Rhone is rough euen in calme wether and therefore they account him among the greatest Ryuers of Europe In the same place also florished Sexties bathes sometimâ— the Consulles winter garrison and afterward garnished with walles the feruent heate whereof beeing breathed out is vanished awaie by continuaunce of time and it is not nowe according to the auncient report thereof If we haue a mind to the Greekes it is best to looke to the Seacoast of Tarent from whence that is to saie from the Promontorie or Headlonde which they call * Acra Iapigia is the shortest cutt for such as wil sayle to Achaya-ward CAP. VIII Of certaine base Iles of the Tyrrhene Sea which lye against Italy Of Corsica and of the stone Catochites FRom hence our style is to bee directed another waie and other lands call vs to treate of their matters it were a long péece of woorke to goe leysurelie along the Seacoast to all the Ilandes that face the Promontories of Italy although for that they bee scattered in most delectable outnookes and set by nature as it were to the shewe they were not to be omitted But how farre should I steppe aside if delaying the chiefe thinges I should of a certaine slothfulnesse treate of Pandataria or of Prochita or Ilba plentifull of yron or Capraria which the Greekes call Aegila or Planasia so called of the leuelnesse of the Sea or of Vlisses straying or * Dooue Ilande the mother of the byrdes that beare that name or Ithacesia which is reported to haue been the watch towre of Vlisses or Anaria named of Homer Iuarimee and other no lesse fruitfull then these Among which manie hauing some what more largely treated of Corsica in wryting haue moste exquisitlie comprised it to the full and nothing is omitted which were not superfluous to be touched againe As howe the Ligurians sent first inhabiters thither how towns were there builded How Marius and Sylla sent people a newe to refresh it and howe it is beaten vpon with the Saltwater of the Lygustick sea But let all this géere passe Neuerthelesse the Country of Corsica which is a peculiar thing to that land doth onely bring forth the stone which they call Catochites most worthie to be spoken of It is bigger theÌ„ the rest that are ordeined to decking and it is not so much a Iewell as a common stone If a man lay his handes vppon it it holdeth them downe so fastening it selfe vnto seuerall substances that it cleaueth to the thinges that it is touched of For there is in it I cannot tell what a kinde of clammy glew and gummishnesse I haue heard say that Dâ—mocritus the Abderite didde oftentimes vse to boast of this stone to proue the hid power of nature in the contentions that he hadde against the wyzardes CAP. IX Of the Ile Sardinia of the Shonnsunne of the hearbe Sardonia and of the wonderfull power of waters SArdinia which we reade of in Timaeus by the name of Sandaliotes and in Chrysippus by the name of Ichnusa is sufficiently knowen in what Sea it lyeth and who were firste inhabiters thereof Wherefore it is to no purpose to tell howe Sardus was begotten of Hercules and Norax of Mercurie and howe the one comming from Lybye and the other from as far as Tartesus in Spaine into these quarters the Lande tooke his name of Sardus the Towne of Nora tooke his name of Norax Or howe anon after Aristaeus reigning ouer them vnited the people of bothe the races together into the next Cittie Caralis which himselfe had builded and knitt the two sundry Nations which hetherto had béene disseuered together into one order of lyuing in such sorte as the strangnesse thereof made them not disdaine to become hys Subiects This Aristaeus also begatte Ioâ—aus who inhabited the Countrie thereabouts Further more wée wyll passe ouer both the Ilians and Locrines Sardinia is without Serpents But looke what noysomnesse Serpents bring to other places the same noysomnesse bringeth the Shonsunne to the Countrey of Sardinia It is a verie little Worme and like to a Spyder in shape and it is called a Shonsunne because it shunneth the daie light It lyeth moste in Syluer Mynes for the soile of that Land is rich of Siluer It tréepeth priuily and casteth the plague vppon such as sitte vpon it vnwares To the furtheraunce of thys mischiefe cometh also the Hearbe Sardonia which groweth much more plentifully theÌ„ néedeth in groues where springes runne If it be eaten it draweth together the sinewes and wryeth the mouth so y â— such as thereby draw vnto death doo die with resemblance of laughter Contrariwise all the waters of that Ile doo serue to diuers commodities The standing pooles are full of fish The Winters rayne is kept to releeue the Sommers browght and the Men of Sardinia haue much aduauntage of raynie water For they gather it and kéepe it in store that it may doo them ease when the springes faile them which serued them for theyr meate drinke In some places doo bubble vp warme and holesâ—me springes which serue for cures in knitting of broken bones or expulsing y â— poysonâ—e sheadded by the Shonsunnes or in dryuing away diseases of the eyes But those that remedy y â— eyes haue power also to discouer théeues For whosoeuer denyeth the theft wyth an oath washeth his eyes with thys water If hys oath bee true his sight becommeth the clearer if he forsware
himselfe the fact is detected by blindnesse and he is driuen to confesse hys faulte in darknesse with the losse of hys eyes CAP. X. Of Sicill and the Land Pelorias and the nature of the waters there of the Mountaine Aetna and many other wonders of that Ile and of the seauen Iles called Vulcanes Iles. ANd if wee haue respecte to the order of the times or of the places after Sardinia the matters of Sicill doo call vs next First because that bothe those Iles béeing broughts in subiection to the Romains were made Prouinces both at one time For Marcus Valerius was made Gouernour of Sardinia and C. Flaminius Pretor of Sicill all in one yéere and secondly for that immediatly after you are out of the straighte of Sicill the Sea beareth the name of the Sardine Sea Sicill therefore which thing is firste and formost to bee marked by reason of his heads shooting foorth is platted thrée cornered Pachynnus lookes toward Peloponnesus and the South coast Pelorus beholdeth Italy butting Westward vppon it Lylibye shooteth towarde Affrick Among which the Countrey about Pelorus is commended for the temprature of y e soyle inasmuch as it neyther washeth away into durt through ouermuch moysture nor crumbleth into dust through ouermuch drynesse Where it goeth further into the maine land-warde and enlargâ—â—h in wydenesse it hath three Lakes Of the one that it is well stored with fish I count no great wonder But the next vnto it for that in the thirke groues among the shadowy shrubbes of young trées it nourisheth wilde beastes and admitteth hunters by drye pathes wherein they may haue accesse a foote by land seruing to bothe vses of hunting fishing is numbred among the notable thinges The third is prooued to bee holie by an Altar standing in the mids which deuideth the shallowes from the deepes All the waie that leadeth vnto it the water is but midde legge déepe Whatsoeuer is beyonde may neither be gaged nor touched If it be he that attempteth it is punished for his labour and looke howe much of himselfe he putteth into the water so much he goeâ—h about to destroy They say that a certaine man threw a line as farre as he coulde into the déepes and y â— as to recouer it againe he thrust his arme into the water to the intent to haue y e more strength to pull his hand became rotten The coaste of Polorias is peopled with inhabitants of Tauromiuâ— which Men in old time called Naxus The towne of Messana is sette diâ—ectly oueragainst Rhegium of Italy vnto the which Rhegium the Greekes gaue that name by reason of the breaking of that place Pachinnum is moste plentifull of Tunnyes and alother Sea fish and therefore there is alwaies great fishing The beautie of the Headlond of Lyliby is the Towne Lyliby with the Tombe of Sybill Long before the sâ—edge of Troy King Sicanus arryuing in the Ile with an Hoste of Spanyards named it Sicanie Afterwarde Siculus the Sonne of Neptune called it Sicill Into this land reâ—oâ—ted many of the Corâ—nthyans Argiuâ—s 〈◊〉 Dorians and Men of Candy Among whom also the Master of all Carpenters Masons hath the chiefe Cittie Syracuse in which euen in winter season when fayre wether is hidden the Sunne shyneth euery day Moreouer the Fountaine Arâ—thusa is in this Cittie The highest hylles in it are Aetna and Eryx Aetna is hallowed vnto Vulâ—ane and Eryx vnto Venus In the toppe of Aetna are two chinkes which are named Cuppes at which the vapor bursteth out with a great roaring going before which runneth rumbling a long while together in the bowels of the earth through the burning brakes of hollow holes within Neither doo the flake of strorâ—se out vntill such time as the roaring rumbling wythin haue gone before This is a great wonder And it is no lesse wonder that in that burning heate nature is so stubborne that it bringeth foorth snowe mingled wyth the fire and that although it boyle in outragious heare yet the toppe of it is whyte with snowe as if it were continuall winter There is therefore aninuincible force in bothe so that neyther the heate is abated by the colde nor the colde asswaged by the heate There are also two hyls Buckhyll and Neptunes hyll Uppon Neptunes is a watchtowre that looketh into the Tuskane and Adriatish Seas Buckhyll taketh hys name of the store of redde and fallowe Déere that walke vp and down there in heards Whatsoeuer Sicill bringeth foorth whither it bee by the nature of the soyle or by the dâ—uice of Man it is next those thinges that are iudged to be the best sauing that in the fruits of the earth there is none comparable to the fruite of Centuripe Heere was the Commedy inuented heere came the sporting of Iesters firste vppon the Stage heere was the house of Archimedes who accordynge to the Sryence of Astronomie was the fyrste inuenter of Engynes Héere was that Lais that hadde rather choose her Countrey then bee knowne of her Countrey The great Caues vnder the grounde beare witnesse of the race of the Cyclops The place wherein the Lestryâ—oâ—s dwelt beareth theyr name still Of that Country was Ceres the Ladie of â—â—llage and husbandry In the selfe same place is the fielde of Aenna continuallie full of Flowres and freshe like the spring euerye day of the yeere by which there is a hole sunken into the grounde whereat Dis the Father of Hell hadde frée passage into the worlde as â—ame goeth when hee raâ—ished Proserpine Betwéene Catina and Syracuse is contention for the memoriall of the two famous Brethren whose names eche part chaleâ—geth seuerallie to themselues If we giue eare to the Caâ—nenses it was Anapias and Amphinomus If we credite that which the Sâ—acusans would willingly haue we must thinke they were Acâ—â—â—nthius and Critâ—o Neuerthelesse the cause of y â— déede procéeded from the Countrie of Catina Into which at such time as the fire of Aetna had burst out two young-men taking vppe theyr Parents carryed them out through the flames vnhurt of the fire They y â— came after didde so reuerence the memorie of these younge men that the place where they were buried was named the field of the godly As touching Arâ—thusa and Alpheus it is true vnto thys day that the fountaine the Ryuer méete both in one channell In the Riuer is the greatest store of wonders If any man that is not of chast cleane life take of y â— water of y â— fountaine Diana which runneth by Camerine the liquor of the wine and the liquor of the water will not ioyne in one substance Among the Segestans the Ryuer Herbesus séething vp suddainlye in the mids of the streame becommeth excéeding hote Acis for all that it issueth out of the Mountaine Aetna yet can no Riuer be colder then it is Hymeâ—us is altered with the Coast of the
ayre For while it runneth Northward it is bytter but when it turneth into the South if is swéete There is not more strangenesse in the Waters then in the Saltmynes If yee throwe the Salt of Arigent into the fire it meâ—â—cth in burning and if ye put water to it it crackeâ—h as if it were burned Aena beareth salt of a purple colour In Pachynnus it is founde so shéere that yée may sée through it The other Saltmynes that are néere eyther to Arigent or Centuripe serue in stéâ—de of quarries For out of them they haue Images to the likenesse of men or Gods In the places where the whoâ—e waters are is an Ilande that groweth full of Reedes vorye méeâ—e to make pypes of all manner of sortes whither they be Precentories whose vse is to play before the shrynes of the Gods or Vasks which excéede the Prerentories in number of holes or maydenpipes which haue that name of their cléere sounde or Gingrynes w t though they be shorter yet haue they a shriler sound or Miluines which haue sharpest sounde of all or Lydians which they call also Turaries or Corâ—â—thyans or Aâ—giptians or any others howe diuerslie soeuer they bee named by Musicians according to the diuers and sundrie vsâ—s which they serue for In the Country Halesine there is a Fountaine at all times quiet calme when no noyse is made which riseth vpp if a Sâ—alme be plaid vpon leaping at the sound and swelling ouer his brimmes as though he were in loue with y â— swéetnesse of the Musicke The Pooâ—e of â—eâ—on with hys stinking sauour dryueth away such as come night Also there are two springes whereof if a barraine Woman taste the one she shall become fruitfull and if a childbearing Woman taste of the other shee becommeth barrain The Poole of the Petrenses is hurtfull to serpents but wholsome to men In the Lake of Arigent swimmeth an Oyle aboue This fatnes throgh the continuall wauing of the Réedes cleaueth to the coppes of them out of the sedgie heare wherof is gathered a medicinable oyntment against the diseases of great Cattell Not farre from thence is Vulcans Hyll vpon which when men doo sacrifice they lay Uynâ—sticks vppon the Alters without putting fire thereto when they cast on the offalles If the God like well of it for that is the tryall of the sacrifice the sticks bee they neuer so gréene doo take fire alone and the God to whome the sacrifice is made causeth it to burne without kindling And as they are making mery the flame playeth with them and scoping out in wreathed flakes among them sindgeth not any man whom it toucheth but sheweth it selfe to be none other thing then the Image of fire declaring that the vowe is rightfully performed In the same field of Arigent doo burste out quagmyres of mudde And as y â— vaines of Fountaines serue to make Riuers so in this part of Sicill the soile neuer faileth and earth with continuall vtterance casteth out earth Sicill yéelded first the stone Achates founde in the banks of the Ryuer Achates which was of no small price as long as it was found no where els For the vaines imprinted in it do portrait such natural shapes therein that when it is of the best making it representeth the likenesse of many thinges For which consideration the Ring of King Pyrrhus that made war against the Romaines was not meanely spoken of the stone whereof was an Agate wherein were to bée séene the nine Muses euerie one with theyr seuerall cognisaunces and Apollo with hys viall in hys hand not â—â—grauen by arte but growne by Nature But nowe it is founde in diuers other places Candy yéeldeth a kind of them which they call Corallagats because they are like Corall It is powdered with drops glistering like Golde and it resisteth Scorpions Inde yéeldeth of them expressing the proportions of Forrests and Beastes the sight whereof comforteth the eyes And béeing receiued into the mouth it stauncheth thyrst There are also of them which béeing burned doo cast a sent like Myrrhe The Achate is ful of redde spots like bloode But those that are most sette by haue the cléerenesse of Glasse as the Achate of Cyprus For those that looke like ware because there is aboundance of them are as little estéemed as y â— stones in the stréetes The circuit of all thys whole Ile is thrée thousand furlonges about In the narrowest Sea of Sicill are the Iles Hephestiae fiue and twenty myles distant from Italy The Italians cal them Vulcans Iles. For these by reason of the whole nature of their soile doo eyther borrow fire of the Mountaine Aetna or els minister fire vnto it by priuie intercourse vnder the grounde Héere was appointed the dwelling place of the God of fire They are in number seauen Lypara tooke that name of King Lyparus who gouerned it before Aeolus Another they called Hiera The same is chéefely halowed vnto Vulcane and burneth moste in the night time wyth an exceeding hygh hyll The thirde named Strongyle which was the Pallace of Aeolus standeth toward the Sunne rysing It is least couered and it differeth some what from the reste in cléerenesse of flames Héere vppon it commeth to passe that chiefely by the smoake thereof the inhabiters vnderstand before what windes are like to blowe three daies after And this is the cause why Aâ—olus was beléeued léeued to be the God of wyndes The rest Didymee Ericusa Phaenicusa and Euonimon because they be like the other we haue as good as spoken of them already CAP. XI Of the thyrd Coast of Europe of the Countryes and places of Greece of many thinges worthy to be recounted in them and of the Nature of Partriches THe third Coast of Europe beginneth at the Mountaines of Ceraunii and endeth at Hellespont In this coast among the Molossians where as is the Temple of Iupiter of Doâ—on is the Mountaine Tomarus renowmed for y â— hundred Fountaines y â— are about the foote of it as Theopompus reporteth In Epyre is a holy wel cold aboue all other waters and of approoued contrarietie For if yée dippe a burning brand therein it quencheth it and if you hold it a good way of without any fire on it of it owne nature it kindleth it Dodon as Maro sayth is hallowed vnto Iupiter Delphos is renowmed with the Riuer Cephisus the Fountaine Castalie the mountain Parnasus Acarnania vawnteth of Aracynth This Country is deuided froÌ„ Aetolia wyth the Mountaine Pindus which bréedeth Aclelous a ryuer anciently renowmed among the chiefe Riuers of and not vnworthely considering that among the little stones that lye glistring in his bancks there is founde the Galactite which béeing it selfe blacke if it bee chased yéeldeth a whyte iuyce that tasteth like Milke Béeing tyde about a woman that gyueth sucke it maketh her breasts full of milke béeing tyde to a
Chyld it causeth more aboundant swallowing of spettle and béeing receiued into the mouth it melteth but therewithall it perisheth the gyft of memory Thys stone is founde in Nylus and Achelous and not in any third place Néere vnto the Towne of Patrae is a place called Scioessa shadowed with the couert of nine Hylls and not renowmed for any other cause then that the beames of the Sunne come almoste neuer there In Laconia is an issue out of the earth called Taenarus Taenarus is also the Headlonde against Affricke where as is the Chappell of Arion of Methymna who was brought thither by a Dolphin as hys Image of brasse witnesseth there portrayted out liuely according as the chaunce happened and as the thing was doone indéede Moreouer y â— very time expressed there namelie the twenty and nine Olympiad in which the same Arion is recorded victor at the gaming in Sicill aâ—oucheth the selfe same thing to haue béene doone There is also a Towne called Taenaron of noble antiquitie Furthermore there are certaine Citties and among them Leutrae somewhat famous by reason of the shamefull ende that the Lacedemonians made there of late and Amyclae brought to destruction in olde time through theyr owne silence and Sparta renowmed with the Temple of Castor and Pollux and also with the tytles of Otryas a manne of greate fame And Theramuâ—â— from whence first sprang the worshipping of Diana and Pitanâ— which Archâ—silaus the Stoicke who was borne there did bring to lyght by the desert of his wyseâ—ome And Anthea and Cardamilee where was sometime y â— Cittie Thyre which now is but the name of a place where was fought a notable battell betwéene the Lacedemonians and the Argyues the seauentéenth yéere of the raigne of Romulus For the Mountaine Taygeta and the Ryuer Eurotas are better knowne then that they néede to bée written of Inachus a Ryuer of Achaia cutteth throgh all the Country of Argoly which tooke his name of Inachus the first founder of the nobility of Argos The beautie of Epidaurus is the Chappell of Aesculapius where sicke and diseased personnes lodging are informed by dreames of remedyes for their maladies It is sufficient to put you in remembraunce that there is in Arcady a towne called PallanteuÌ„ which by meanes of Euander the Arcadian gaue the name to our Pallace In Arcady are the Mountaines Cyllen Lyâ—aeus and Menalus renowmed with the Gods that were fostered in them among which Erymanthus is not obscure Also among the Riuers is Erymanthus springing out of the Hill Erymanthus and the famous Ladon Héereabouts the encounters of Hercules are apparant Varro affirmeth that there is a Fountaine in Arcady which killeth as manie as drinke of it In this part of the world we finde this thing not vnworthy to be mentioned concerning byrds that whereas in other places Mauisses be yellowe as golde about Cyllen they are as whyte as milke Neyther is the stone to be despised which Arcady sendeth The name thereof is Asbest It is of the colour of yron and béeing sette on fire it cannot be quenched Into the Baye of Megara shooteth the Isthmos which is renowmed with gamings kept there euery fift yéere wyth the Temple of Neptune The said gamings as is reported were instituted in resemblance of the fiue coastes of Peloponnesus which are beaten vpon wyth fiue sundrie Seas On the Northside with the Ionian sea on the West with the Sicilian Sea on y â— Southweste with the Aegean Sea on the Northeast with the Myrtoan Sea and on the South with the Candian Sea This pastime béeing put downe by the Tyrant Cypselus was by the Corinthians restored to the former solemnitie in the fortie and nine Olimpiad But the name of Peloponnesus declareth that Pelops was king of that Countrey The platforme of it is like y â— leafe of a Plane trée with Créekes and nookes and it maketh a diuorce betwéene the Ionian Sea and the Aâ—gaean Sea disseuering the one shore from the other with a slender balke not aboue foure myles broade which for the narrownesse thereof man call Isthmos From hence beginneth Hellas which properlye they would haue to bée the true Greece That Countrey which is nowe called Attick was in former time called Actee Therâ—in is the Cittie Athens néere wherto adioyneth Scyrons Rocke extending sixe myles in length so named in honour of Theseus his victorie and in remembraunce of the notable punishment of Seyron From this Rocke Ino casting her selfe headlonge into the déepe increased the number of the Goddes of the Sea But we will not so slightlie passe ouer the Mountaines of Attick There are Icary Brilesse Lycabet and Aegialus But Hymet dooth most woorthelie beare the bell among them all because that béeing verie full of flowres the Honny therof excelleth y â— Honnie of all other places not onely of forraigne Lands but also of the same Countrey in pleasaunt sauor and taste They wonder at the Fountaine Callyrhoee yet they make not therefore the lesse account of another Fountayne called â—â—unesos The place of iudgment among y â— Athenians is called Ariopagus The plaine of Marathon was made famous by y â— report of a most bloody battell foughten there Manie Iles lye ouer against the maine Lande of Attick but Salamis Sunium Cos and Ceos which as Varro witnesseth yéelded the first Garments of fine spynning y â— were made of wooll for the decking of Women are almoste suburbes to the Cittie Baeotia is renowmed with Thebae which Cittie was builded by Amphion Not that he drew stones together with the sound of his Harpe for it cannot séeme likely that anie such thing should be doone but for that with the swéetnesse of his eloquence he allured menne that dwelt in Rocks who were altogether sauage and vnnurtured to become obedient to ciuil order and discipline This Citty glorieth in the Godds that were borne within her wals as they affirme which with holy verses doo set out the commendations of Hercules and Bacchus At Thebae is the Grouâ— Helicon the Forrest Cytheron the Riuer Ismenius and the Fountaines Arethusa Ocdipus Psamatee and Dircee but before all others Aganippe and Hippocrenâ—e which because Caâ—mus the first inuenter of Letters founde out as he rode about to searche what manner of Country he was come vnto the Poets ranne vpon the brydle of liberty publishing in theyr writinges bothe that the one of them was raised by the stamping of a winged Horses hoofe and that the other béeing tasted of did endue mennes mindes with eloquence and also that the winged Horses hoofe was opened and that the waters there of beeing dronke inspired folke wyth learning The Ilande Eubâ—a by shooting his side against the Coaste of the maine Lande dooth make the Hauen of Aulis renowmed in all ages for rememberaunce of the confederacie of Gréece The Baeotians are the same people
the birth daies are sorrowfull and contrariwise the burialls are ioyfull In somuch that the Fathers and Mothers fall a wéeping when they Children are newe borne and reioyce when theyr are deade The Menne doo glorie in the number of theyr Wiues and count it an honour to haue manie bedfellowes Such Women as are chare of their chastitie doo leape into the fires where their dead Husbandes are burned and which they thinke to be the greatest token of chastity that may bee runne headlong into the flame When Women come to the time of marriage they take not Husbands at the appointment of their Parents but such of them as excel others in beautie set themselues foorth to sale and making Proclamation who wyll giue moste they marrie not to him that is of best conditions but to him that is best Chapman Those that are foule or deformed bring dowries with them to bie Husbandes withall When they feast bothe sexes of them goe about the harthes and cast the séede of certaine Hearbs growing among them into the fire The fume of which Hearbes so striketh vp into their heads that it woundeth theyr sences and maketh them like drunken folke whereat they haue a good sporte Thus much concerning their customes Nowe shall ensue of their places and peoples Along the Ryuer Strymo on the right hande thereof inhabite the Denselats There are also manie kinreds of the Besses euen vnto the Ryuer Nestus which runneth about the foote of the Mountaine Pangaeus The soyle of the Odryses sendeth foorth the Ryuer Hebrus which runneth amoÌ„g the Briants Dolonks Thynes Corpills and other barbarous nations toucheth also y e Cycones Then is there Mount Haemus sixe myles high the back part wherof is inhabited by the Maesians Gets Sarmats Scythians and manie other Nations On the sea coast of Pontus dwelleth the people of Sythony the renowne whereof is augmented by Orpheuâ— the Poet and Prophette that was borne there who is reported to haue practised the secrets whither it were of his Musicke or of his Ceremonies in the Promontorie Sperchius Afterwarde is the Poole of Biston and not farre from thence the Country of Marony wherein was the Towne of Tyrada sometime the stable of Diomeds horses But nowe it hath giuen place to time and there remaineth no more but the foundation of the Towre Not farre from thence is the Citty Abdera which Diomeds sister builded called so after her owne name Anon after it became the house of Democritus y e natural Philosopher therfore to say the truth it is the more renowmed This Abdera béeing by time decaied was restored to a greater countenaunce by the Clazomenians comming out of Asia the hundreth and one and thirty Olympiad who abolishing the things that had passed before restored it to the olde name againe The comming of Xerxes made the place of Doriscon famous because he mustered hys Armie there Mount Haemus hath y e tombe of Polydore to shewe on that side which the Scythians Arâ—teres doo inhabit and it hath the Cittie which in olde time was called Gerania and is now called of the barbarous people Cattruza from whence the reporte goeth that the Pygmaeans were dryuen by Cranes Surely it is manifest that Cranes in the wynter time doo flye in great heards towards the North and it shall not gréeue me to declare whither and in what sort they direct their sight They march in araye as it were an Armie vnder an Ensigne And least the violence of the windes should driue them from the coaste to which they direct theyr course they gorge theÌ„selues wyth Sande and balace themselues by taking vppe stones of a measurable waight Then they mount as high as they can to the intent â—rom thence as from a hygh watchtowre to aime the Landes which they would goe vnto He that is surest of wyng goeth before the Hearde and with his clarying rebuketh their slothfulnesse and causeth the trayne behinde to make haste after When he wexeth hoarce another takes his roome When they shall passe the Sea of Pontus they séeke for the narrowest places which they may easilie finde by eye sight and they are betwéene Taurica and Paphlagonia that is to say betwéene Carambis and the Rammes head As soone as they knowe themselues to be past the mid channell they disburden theÌ„selues of the stones in theyr féete So the Shipmenne report who by suddaine aduenture haue oftentymes béene rayned vppon wyth theyr stonie showers As for theyr Sande they put it not vp againe before they be well assured of theyr abyding They are all alike rarefull for such as are weary Insomuch that if any of them tyre the rest flocke altogether and beare them vppe that faint vntil they may recouer their strength by resting Neyther are they lesse circumspecte vppon the Land For they kéepe watch a nights in such wise that euery tenth of them waketh Those that watche holde little weyghts in their clawes which reprooue them of sléepe if they happen to let them fall If aught be to be auoyded they giue warning thereof by clarying Theyr colour bewrayeth their age for the elder they growe the blacker they wexe Let vs come to the Promontorie Chrysokeras renowmed with the Cittie Byzance héeretofore called Lygos which is distaunt from Dyrrachium seauen hundred and eleuen miles For so much is y e space betwéene the Adriatish Sea and â—ropontis In the Country of Cenik not far from Flauiople a Towne builded and peopled with Romaines is the Towne of Byzia in tymes past the Palace of King Tereus now hated and vnhaunted of Swallowes and so foorth of other byrds although it bee so that Swallowes doo shunne to come within Thebae also because the wals thereof haue béene so often taken For among other thinges that they haue a kinde of foreknowledge it is knowne héereby that they wyll not come neere a house that is like to fall nor come vnder the roofe that by any means shal perish Surely they are not chaced by rauening foules neither are they a pray to any but are as holy birds There is an other Isthmos in Thrace of lyke straightnesse and hauing a narrow Sea of like wydenesse to that of Peloponnesus vpon the shores wherof stande two Citties on either side one The shore toward the Sea of Constantinople is beautified wyth the Towne of Pactie and Melane bay with the Cittie Cardy which hath that name because the platt of it is in fashion like a hart All the great Sea of Hellespont is streightned into seaueÌ„ furlonges which space disseuereth the coast of Asia from Europe Héere also stande two Citties Abidos in Asia and Sestos in Europe And harde by are two Promontories one ouer against the other Mastusia of Chersonesus where endeth the thirde coast of Europe and Sygeum of Asia where is a little Hill called Cynossema the Tombe of Hecuba and the Tower of Protesilaus put to y â— vse
that these foules are in the tuition of Latona They are not to bée séene at all seasons but haue theyr time of comming which is when Sommer is gone When they passe ouer the Seas they flye leysurely at y e first cherryshing theyr strength wyth flying softly for feare of a longer iourney But as soone as they spy Lande they cluster on a flock and thronging close together make all the spéede they can which hast of theyrs doth oftentimes turne to the destruction of them that are vpon the Sea For it happeneth in the nights that they rende the tackling and bearing the sayleclothes before them by violeâ—ce turne the bottomes of the kéeles vpwarde They neuer settâ— foorth whyle the Southerne winde bloweth for feare of the force of a more swelling foggie blaste They commonly coÌ„mitt themselues to the Northerne wyndes to the intent that the gale thereof béeing more drie and more vehement may the easlyer carrie their bodies which are somewhat fatte and by reason therof somewhat slow also Hée that guydeth the flocke is called Ortygometra As soone as he draweth towarde the Land the Gossehawke which watcheth for the nonce seazeth vppon him and therefore it is all theyr séeking to get them a guyde of a straunge broode by whom to escape the first daunger Their chiefe delight is to féede vpoÌ„ the séede of venemous hearbs and therefore wisemen haue forbidden them their Tables And thys lyuinge creature onely sauing manne suffereth the falling sicknesse CAP. XVIII Of the Ile Eubaea nowe called Nigropont THe Ile of Eubaea is disseuered with so small a cut from the maine land of Baeotia that it is to bee doubted whether it bee to be numbred amoÌ„g Ilands or no. For on that syde which they call Eurypus it is ioyned to the Lande with a brydge and is gone vnto a foote by the frame of a very short Engine It shooteth into the North with the Promontorie Caeneum and with two other it extendeth into the South whereof Gerastus faceth the Countrey of Athens and Caphreus looketh into Hellespont where after the destructioÌ„ of Troy whether it were through the wrath of Minerua or as the certainer report goeth through the influence of the Starre Arcturus the Gréeâ—â—iâ—h Nauie suffered great losse by shipwrack CAP. XIX Of the Ilande Paros and the stone Sarda PAros is renowmed for the Marble that is in it Next Delos it is the beste inhabited w t townes But before it hadd y â— name of Paros it was called Minoia For béeing conquered by Minos as long as it coÌ„tinued vnder the Cretish dominion it was called Minoia Besides the Marble it yéeldeth the stone Sarda which is better then Marble but yet accounted as basest of all Iewels Eyghtéene myle from Delos is the Ile of Naxos wherin is the Towne of Srongyle But before it was called Naxus it bare the name of Dyonisia eyther because it was the harborough of Bacchus or els because it excelled the rest in fruitfulnes of Uines Besides these there be many moe of y e Circle Iles but y â— things that are chiefly worthy to be remembred are in the Iles aforesaid CAP. XX. Of the Ilande Icaros and of the Phylosopher Pythagoras of the Ilands Melos Carpathos Rhodes and Lemnos and of the shaddowe of Mount Athos ICaros also is one of the Ilands called Sporades and gaue the name to the Icarish Sea Thys Ile shooting forth in Rocks betwéene Samos and Myconus is altogether harbourlesse and because it hath no Bay nor Hauen to arryue at it is ill spoken of for the daungerousnesse of the Coastes of it Varro therefore is of opinion that Icarus of Crete perished there by shipwrack and that the place tooke hys name of the mis-fortune of the man In Samos nothing is more notable then y â— Pythagoras was that Countryman borne who béeing â—ffended at the Lordlinesse of the Tyrants forsooke hys natiue Country and arryued in Italy in the tyme that Brutus which draue the Kings out of Rome was Consull Melos which Callymachus calleth Melanis hard by Aâ—olia is the roundest of all the Iles. For Carpathus is the same whereof the Carpathian sea hath hys name The ayre is neuer so clowdye but the Sunne shyneth vppon the Rhodes The Lemnians worshippe Vâ—ulcane and therefore the chiefe Cittie of Lemnos is called Haephestia There is also y â— towne of Myrina into y e Marketsted wherof the Mountaine Athos casteth his shaddowe out of Macedonie which thing not without cause men haue noted for a wonder forasmuch as Athos is fourescore and sixe miles of froÌ„ Lemnos Surely Athos is of such a height y â— it is supposed to bee higher then from whence the rayne falleth Which opinion hath got credite héere vpon for that the ashes which are left vpon the Altars y â— stande on the toppe of it are neuer washt awaie nor doo in anie wise diminish but doo alwaies continue euen in the same heape that they were raked vppe in On the toppe of it was sometime y â— Towne Acrothon wherin the Inhabiters liued halfe so long againe as the inhabiters of other places and therfore the Greekes cal the people thereof Macrobians which is as much to say in our language as longliued CAP. XXI Of Hellespont Propontis the Bosphor of Thrace and of the maruellous nature of the fishes called Dolphins THe fourth coast of Europe beginneth at Hellespont and endeth at the mouth of Maeotis Al the saide widenesse which deuideth Europe and Asia a sunder gathereth into a straight of seaueÌ„ furlongs This is Hellespont héere did Xerxes make a brydge of shippes and passe ouer a foote From thence stretcheth a narrowe arme of the Sea to a Cittie of Aâ—ia called Priapus which Alexander the great sayled vnto and gotte it into his handes when he went about to conquer the worlde From thence wydning into a mayne Sea it groweth narrow againe toward Propontis and by and by gathereth into halfe a mile breadth and is called the Bosphor of Thrace at which place Darius conuaied ouer his armie These Seas haue manie Dolphins which haue in them many straunge things to be wondred at First and formost the Seas bréede not anie thing swifter or nimbler then them insomuch as oft-times in their leaping vpp they shóote theÌ„selues quite ouer the topps of the maine sailes of the ships Whersoeuer they become they goe by couples They bring foorth pigs and the tenth month is the ful time of their farrying and they farroe euer in Sommertime and giue their pigs sucke and while they bee verie yonge they take them in at their mouth and they wayt vpon them for a time till they wexe strong They liue thirtie yéeres as hath béene tryed by experience in cutting of theyr tailes for a marke to knowe them by They haue theyr mouthes not in y e same place where other Beastes haue but almost in theyr bellies and contrâ—rie to
the nature of Fishes they onely mooue theyr tongues They haue sharpe prickes on their backes which stand vppe stife when they be mooued to anger and are hidden as it were in a sheath wheÌ„ their minds be quiet Men say they dont not in the water nor take any breath but aboue in the aire When y e Northwind bloweth they be light of hearing contrariwise thick of hearing wheÌ„ y e wind is in the South They delight in Musicke reioysing to heare shalmes whersoeuer is harmonie thither floâ—k they together in heards In the raign of Augustus a boy in Campane first trayned a Dolphin w t shiuers of bread did so much by custom that he was contented to be fedde by hand Afterward when y e boy wexed bold in playing with him he carryed him froÌ„ the land into y e lake of Laurine beare the boy as it were on horsback froÌ„ the shore of y â— bay vnto Puteolis This was doone many yeeres together so long til y e continual beholding therof made it to séeme no wonder But when the lad was dead the Dolphin mourning for y e want of him died for sorow in y â— sight of al men I wold be lâ—â—he to vouch this thing but y â— it is registred in y e wrytings of Mecaenas Fabian many others Anon after vppon the seacoast of Affrick at Hippon Dyarrhyton a Dolphin beeing fed by y e men of Hippon offred himself to be handled and euer now an then caried such as were set vpoÌ„ his back And this thing was not doon by y e peoples hands only for Flauianus y e Proconsul of Affrick handled him himselfe and anointed him w t ointments insomuch as the Dolphin being cast a sléepe with y â— strangnes of the smell was tumbled hither thither for dead and many monethes after desisted froÌ„ his accustomed kéeping of coÌ„pany At Iassus a cittie of Babilon a Dolphin fel in loue with a lad in folowing him ouer eagerly after their accustomed sporting together shot himself into y e sand and there stuck fast Alexander y e great interpreting it to haue béene y â— loue of the God of the sea made the lad chiefe priest to Neptune nere vnto y e said citty as Egesidemus maketh report Another childe named Hirmias likewise riding on a Dolphins back in the sea being drowned by violence of the waues was caryed backe againe to lande by the Dolphin who tooke such repentance that he punished the fact with wilfull death and neuer returned more into the Sea There are store of other such examples yet I wyll not speake of Arion whose aduenture is credibly auouched by Chronicles Furthermore if theyr yong pygs at any time playe the wantons theyr auncients sette one of the elder sorte to be guyde ouer the Hearde by whose instruction they learne to slippe from the assault of greater fishes that rush in vppon them howbeit that in those Seas there be very few great Fyshes except it be the Seale In Pontus there is great store of Tunnyes and they bréede not lightlie els where For there is no place that they come sooner to their full growth in then there and y â— is by reason of the plenty of swéete waters Their comming into the Sea is in y â— spring-time and they enter in by the right side of the shore and goe out by the left side which thing they are thought to doo because they sée better wyth the right eye then with the left CAP. XXII of Ister of the beaste called a Beuer and of the precious stone of Pontus ISter riseth in the Hylles of Germanie and issueth out of a Mountaine that lieth ouer against Turgew a part of the ancient Gall. It recâ—iueth into it thréescore Ryuers almoste all able to beare Shippes and it falleth into Pontus with seauen mouthes wherof the first is called Peuce the second Narcustoma the thirde Calostoma and the fourth Pseudostoma for Boreostoma the fift and Stenostoma the sixt are slower then the rest and as for the seauenth it is so dull and like vnto a Poole that it hath not anie likelihoode of a streame The firste foure are so great that by the space of forty miles together they are not intermedled with the Saltwater but kéepe theyr swéete taste with vncorrupted sauoure Through all Pontus there is great store of Beuers which they call by the names of Fiber Castor Thys Beaste is like an Otter and is a very sore byter insomuch that if he fasten vpon a man hee will not let goe his holde vntill he féele the bones crash betwéene hys téeth His stones are greatly coueted for the medicinablenesse of them and therefore when he findeth hymselfe put to the pinch he byteth of his owne cods and eateth them vp to the intent men should haue no good of them when he is taken â—ontus yeeldeth also precious stones of sundrye sortes which of the Countrey wee call Pontiks for some haue starres of the colour of Golde and some of the colour of bloode in them and they are counted among the sacred for they are gathered rather for a showe then for anie vse that they serue to They are not besprent in droppes but are interlyned with long strokes of sundry colours CAP. XXIII Of the Ryuer Hypanis and the Fountaine Exampeus THe Ryuer Hypanis springeth among the Auchets It is the prince of Riuers in Scythia pure and verye wholesome to drinkâ— vntill such timâ— as it entrâ—th into the boâ—â—ers of the Caâ—â—pods where the Fountaine Exampeus which is iustly defamed for the bytternesse of hys spring béeing mingled wyth the cléere streame inferteth the Riuer with hys fault so that hee falleth into the Sea vnlike to himselfe Héereuppon groweth diuersitie of opinions among folke concerning Hypanis For they that know hym at the beginning doo prayse him and they that tast of hym at the ende haue good cause to curse hym CAP. XXIIII Of the Ryuer Boâ—isthenes and the people that dwell thereby of the nature of dogges of the manners of the Scythians of the precious stones called the Emerawd Cyanie and Crystall WIthin the Countrey of the Neuers springeth the Ryuer Borysthenes wherein are Fyshes of excellent taste without any bones hauing nothing but very tender grystlys But the Neuers as wee haue heard in theâ— Sommertime are trans-formed into Wolues and afterward when they haue passed a certaine time limitted for the continuaunce in that state they returne to theyr former shape againe The God of this people is Mars in stâ—dde of Images they worshippe Swordes they offâ—r menne in Sacrifice and wyth theyr boanes 〈◊〉 â—â—re to burne the Sacrifices wyâ—halâ— Next Neyghbours to these are the Gelones They make bothe rayment for themselues and furniture for their horses of theyr enemyes shinnes Uppon the Gelones border the Agathyrses painting their faces with a blewe colour and dying theyr hayre into a blewe colour And
a Country full of rowgh woods plentiful of cruell wilde Beastes and stored aboundantly with Tygers a kinde of Beastes notable for the goodlye spottes wherewith their coates are powdred and for theyr swiftnes Their colour is a bright yellowe which béeing powdred with drops of black make a very trim show by reason of the varietie therof I am not able to say whither it be their nimblenesse or their eagernes that furthereth their swiftnes For nothing is so long but they passe it ouer in short time nothing is gone so farre afore them but they ouertake it by and by But most of all they show what they are able to doo when they haue littered and when they pursue them that haue stolne away their whelps For though poste horses be layd by the way and that they worke neuer so subtillie to goe cléere away with theyr bootie yet if the Sea â—e not at hand to rescue them all their endeuour is in vaine And it is noted in them oftentimes that if perchaunce they sée the stealers that haue carryed away their welppes sayling away againe after they haue raged in vaine they cast themselues headlong into the Sea as it were to punish their owne slownesse by wylful drowning themselues and yet of all their whelps which are manie in number scarsely may one be coÌ„â—eied awaie Of Panthers also is great store in Hyrcanie which are spotted with little round specks in such sort that the hayre of their skins which is either white or of a skye colour is beset with round eyes of yellow It is reported that cattell are wonderfullie delighted with the sent beholding of theÌ„ and that as soone as they perceiue them they hearde together in hast and are not afraid but onely of the grimnesse of their looke For which cause the Panthers hiding their heads sette forth the rest of their bodyes to looke vpon to the intent that when the Cattell are astonied in gazing they may fall vpon them and deuour them without danger But the Hyrcans as mans nature is euer full of deuises kill them more commonly with poyson then with weapon They stéepe flesh in y e iuyce of Lybardbane and caste it in the waies where diuers pathes meete the which as soone as the Panthers haue eaten by by their throats are troubled with y e squince and therfore the wéede is called in Gréeke Pardalianches But the Panthers against this venome deuoure mans dunge and so by a remedie of their own finding withstande their destruction They are very long in dying in so much that they liue a greate while after that their bowels are taken out In these wooddy couÌ„tries are also Lybards a second kind of Panthers sufficientlie knowne and therfore not to be entreated of with further circumstaunce Betwéene these and the Lyonesses matching against kinde are engendred bastarde Lyons without force or courage CAP. XXVII From whence the Midland Seas haue theyr beginning FOrasmuch as we are in the matters of Pontus it is not to bee omitted from whence the Mydland Seas doo rayse theyr heads For some are of opinioÌ„ that they take their beginning at the streights of Marrok and that they haue none other originall than the waues of the Ocean breaking in at that place the liuely operation wherof sheading it selfe abroade canseth the flowings ebbings of the tydes on diuers coasts of the mayneland as for examples sake in a part of Italy They that are of the contrarie opinion say how all that flowing coÌ„meth from the mouth of Pontus and thys they auouche wyth no tryfling argument because the tyde that commeth out of Pontus neuer ebbeth backe againe CAP. XXVIII Of certaine Iles in Scythia FOurscore myles from the Bosphor of Thrace is y â— Ile of the Apollonits situate on thys side Ister froÌ„ whence Marcus Lucullus brought vnto vs the Apollo of the Capitoll Against the mouth of Borysthenes is the Iland of Achilles with a Church wherein commeth no byrde and if any come by chaunce shee flyeth away againe with all the spéede she can make CAP. XXIX Of the North Ocean of the Caspian Sea and of the Iland Baltia THe North Ocean on that part where Paropamisus a Ryuer of Scythia washeth into it is named of Hecataeus Amalchium which in y e language of that nation signifieth the Frozen sea Phylaemon saith that from the Cimbrians to the Promontorie Rubeas it is called Morimarusa which is as much to saie as the dead Sea Whatsoeuer is beyonde Rubeas is called Cronium That the Caspian Sea on the otherside of Pontus beyonde the Massagets and the Scythians called Apellaeans in the coast of Asia is swéete of taste it was tried by Alexander the great and afterwarde by Pompâ—y the great who in his warres against Methridates as Varro one of his fellow Souldiours reporteth would néedes knowe whither it were true or no by drinking of it himselfe It is reported that it commeth so to passe by reason of the number of Riuers whereof there falleth such a sort into it that they alter the nature of y e Sea I must not let passe that at the same time the said Alexander was able to come in eyght daies out of Inde from Bactria vnto the Riuer Iâ—arus which runneth into the Riuer Oxus and from thence to y e Caspian sea and so by the Caspian to passe into y â— streame of the Ryuer Cyrus which runneth betwéene the marches of Iberia and Armenie From Cyrus also conueying his Shippes after him by lande hee came in fiue daies at the most to the Channell of Phasis at whose issue it is manifestlie proued that those which come out of Inde may be brought into Pontus Xenophon of Lampsacum affirmeth that we may saile from the sea coast of Scythia to the Ilande Baltia in thrée dayes the greatnesse whereof is vnmeasurable and almoste like vnto a maine land from whence it is not farre to the Ilands called Oones the inhabiters whereof liue by egges of Sea-foules and the séede of wylde Dates and that other Iles adioyning therevnto doo liue after the same sort or which the people that are called Hyppopodes béeing shaped in all points like men downe to the instep haue féete like horses He sayth also howe there are other Ilandes and a nation called Phanesians whose eares are of such an vnmeasurable syse that they couer the rest of theyr bodyes with theÌ„ and néede none other apparrell to clothe theyr limbes with then theyr owne flappes CAP. XXX Of Harts and Tragelaphâ—s BBefore we steppe aside froÌ„ Scythia me thinks it a matter of conscience to passe ouer what beastes are peculiar to that Countrey There is greate store of Harts in this lande therefore we wil treate of Harts firste The male Déere of this kinde when rutting time comes are madd fonde ouer the Hyndes Although the Hyndes bee bukt before yet are they not wyth fawne vntill the star Arcturus ryse neither
likenesse it hath to that kinde of wine or to honnie It is manifest that it gathereth vp leaues and draweth chaffe vnto it and the arte of phisicke hath taught that it remedieth manie inconueniences of men Inde also hath Amber but Germanie hath the best and best store Because we were come to the Ile of Glessaria we began with Amber for in the iâ—ner parts of Germanie is founde a stone called Callais which men preferre before the precious stones of Arabie for it passeth them in beautie The Arabians saie it is not found anie where but in the nestes of the birds which they call Melancoryphes which no maÌ„ beléeueth forasmuch as they are to be found in the Regions of Germanie among stones although very rarelie In respect of the estimation and value of the Emerawd it is of colour a faint gréene Nothing dooth better beséeme golde Furthermore of the Ceraunies are diuers sorts that of Germanie is white with a bright blew and if yée haue it abroade it draweth the brightnes of the starres to it CAP. XXXIII Of Gallia of the Countryes of Rhetia and Noricum of Pannonie and Masia and of the medicinable Oyle CAllia is situat betwéene the Ryuer Rhyne and the Mountaines Pyrenyes and betwéene the Ocean and y â— Mountaines Gebenua and Iura fortunate for the fatnes of the soyle and rich of increase of fruits in many places also replenished with Uines and Orchyardes and blessed with store of all things for the behoofe of manne It is well watred with Ryuers and Fountaines of those Fountaines some in times past sacred and hote It is ill spoken of for the custome of the inhabiters who as is reported for I auouch not my selfe to haue had triall of the truth after a detestable manner not to the honor but rather to the iniurie of Religion offer men in sacrifice Out of this Country yée may goe into what part of the world yée wil Into Spayne and Italy both by sea and lande into Affrick by sea onely If ye iourney into Thrace yée must come to the fayre and fruitfull fieldes of Rhetia renowmed with the Lake Brigantine from thence into Noricum a colde Countrey and lesse fruitfull but where it is far from the Alpes verie plentifull Then Pannonie puissaunt in men the soyle champion and rich and inclosed with the two famous Riuers Drauus Sauus and lastlie the Maesians which our auncestors called worthelie the Gardner of Ceres In one part wherof namelie of that which is toward Pontus there groweth 〈◊〉 hearâ—e wherwith they make an Oyle that they call the Chirurgions Oyle This béeing sette a fire if yée goe about to quench it with water burneth the more and cannot bee put out otherwyse then by casting on of duste CAP. XXXIIII Of Britaine and the other Iles about it of the stone called Geate THe Sea coast of Gallia had béene the ende of the worlde but that the Ile of Brytaine for the largenesse therof euery way deserueth the name almoste of an other Worlde for it is in length eyght hundred myles and more so we measure it to the angle of Calydon in which nooke an Altar engrauen with Gréeke Letters for a vowe beareth witnes that Vlisses arriued at Calydon It is enuironed with many Iles and those not vnrenowmed wherof Ireland draweth néerest to it in bygnesse vnciuill for the sauage manners of the inhabiters but otherwise so full of fat pasture that if theyr Cattell in Sommer season be not now and then kept from féeding they should run in daunger of bursting There are no Snakes and fewe byrdes the people are harbourlesse and warlike When they haue ouercome theyr enemies they first be sméere their faces in the blood of them that be slayne and then drinke of it Be it right or be it wrong all is one to theÌ„ If a Woman be deliuered of a manchilde shee layes his firste meate vppon her Husbands sworde and putting it softlie to his pretie mouth giueth him the first hâ—mselâ— of his foode vppon the very point of the weapon praying according to the manner of their Countrey that he may not otherwise come to his death then in battel and among weapons They that loue to bee fine doo trimme the hylts of theyr Swords with the téeth of monsters that swymme in the Sea for they bee as white and as cléere as Iuorie For the men doo chiefly glorie in the beautie of their Armour There is not anie Bée among them and if a man bring of the duste or the stones from thence and strow them among Bée hyues the swarmes forsake y e combes The Sea that is betwéene Ireland and Brytaine béeing full of shallowes and rough all the yéere long cannot be sayled but a fewe dayes in the Sommertime They sayle in Kéeles of wicker doone ouer with Neats leather How long soeuer their passage continueth the passengers abstaine from meate Such as haue discussed the cercertaintie of the matter according to reason haue estéemed the breadth of that narrow Sea to be a hundred and twentie miles The troublous Sea also deuideth the Iland of the Silures from the coast of Brytaine the men of which Ile kéepe their olde customes euen vnto this day They vtterlie refuse buying and selling for money and giue one thing for another prouiding things necessary rather by exchaunge then for ready mony They worshyppe the Gods very deuoutly As well the Women as the Men boast of the knowledge of prophesying The Ile Thanatos is beaten vpon with y â— French Sea and is deuided from Brytaine with a verye narrowe cutte luckie for corne fieldes and fatte soyle and not onely healthful to it selfe but also to other places For inasmuch as there is no snake créeping there the earth thereof to what place soeuer it beâ— carried from thence killeth snakes There bee many other Iles about Brytaine of which Thule is y e furthest of wherin at such time as the Sun is at the hyghest in Sommer and passeth through the signe of Cancer there is almost no night at all Againe in the deade of wynter when the Sunne is at the lowest the day is so shorte that the rysing and going downe of the Sunne is both together Beyond Thule wee learne is the deade and frozen Sea From the Promontorie of Calydon to the Iland Thule is two dayes sayling Next come the Iles called Hebudes fiue in number the inhabiters wherof know not what corne meaneth but liue onely by fishe and milke They are all vnder the gâ—uernment of one King For as manie of them as bee they are seuered but with a narrowe groope one from another The King hath nothing of hys own but taketh of euery mans Hee is bounde to equitie by certaine lawes and least he may start from right through cocouetousnes he â—earneth Iustice by pouertie as who may haue nothing porper or peculiar to himselfe but
of the Spanish Balearish Sea where it runneth by the prouince of Narbon it is called the Sea of Gall then Lygusticum from thence to Sicill Tuscane which y â— Greekes call Ionian or TyrrhaeniaÌ„ and the Italians the nether sea From Sicill to the Ile of Candy it is called the sea of Sicill from thence to Pamphylia and the Aegiptian Sea it is called the Cretish sea The same gull of waters wrything hys side first into the North and fetching great circuits by the Greeke lands and by Illyrik through Hellespont draweth into the straights of Propontis the which Propontis disseuering Europe and Asia extendeth to Maeontis Of the originall of the names there is no one vniforme reason It is called Asiaticke and Phaenician of the Countries Carpathian Aegaean Icarian Balearick and Cyprian of the Ilands Ausonian Dalmatian Lygustian and Thuscane of the nations Adriatish Argolicke Corynthian and Tyrian of the Townes Myrtoan or Hellespontian of the mischances of men Ionian in remembraunce of a King of that name Bosphor of the passing ouer of an Oxe or of the streights which an Oxe might swim through of the natures of the dwellers by Euxinus or as it was called before Axenus and of the order of the flowing Propontis The Egyptian sea is allotted to Asia the Gallik sea to Europe and the Affrick sea to Lybia and as the sea approcheth to any of the seueral parts of these Countries so taketh it name therafter These are in the bowels of the world But the Ocean beclippeth the vttermost coastes which according to the shoares it beateth vpon is named Arabick Persian Indian Easterne Serick Hercanish Caspian Scythick German French or British Athlaâ—tish Lybick and Aethâ—opick The flowing of the tydes whereof doth rise exceeding high about the Sea coasts of Inde and make verie great breaches ther which happeneth eyther because the waters swelling by force of heate are helde vp beyond their stint or els because that in that part of the world is farre greater aboundance of springs and Ryuers The matter is yet in question what should be the cause that the Ocean should swel or why it should fal again into it selfe considering the sâ—perfluitie thereof and it is euident y â— many things haue béene vttered rather to showe the wits of y â— disputers then to the setting forth of the trueth But to omitte the doubtfull debatings of the Demurrers we haue found thâ—se opinions to haue most likelihoode of trueth The naturall Philosophers hold opinion that the world is a liuing creature and that being compact of the diuers bodies of the Elements it is mooued by a soule and gouerned by a minde bothe which béeing shed through all the members doo put in vre the force of theyr eternalâ— moouing and therefore that like as in our bodies there is an intercourse of the breath and the soule so in the déepes of the Ocean there are as it were certaine nostrils appointed at which y e breache béeing sent out or drawne in againe dooth one whyle puffe vppe the Seas and another while call theÌ„ backe againe But they that folow the knowledge of Astronomie affyrme that these goings and comminges are mooued by the course of the Moone and that the interchaungablenesse of the ebbings and flowinges depende vppon the increasing and decreasing of her insomuch as they keepe not alwaies one ordinary stint but altar from tyme to tyme according to her approching or going away CAP. XXXVI of Lybia of the Orchyardes of the Sisters called Hesperides and of Mount Atlas OVt of Spayne my next start is into Lybia For when yee are loosened from Belon which is a Towne of Betica the next arriuall on the furtherside of that Sea which is thrée thirty miles broade is Tingie nowe a Towne inhabited with people of Mauritanie wherof Antaeus was the founder Moreouer because in that circuit the Sea of Aegypt endeth and the Sea of Lybie beginneth it hath séemed good to meÌ„ to call Affrick by the name of Lybie Some notwithstanding haue auouched that Lybie was so named of Lybia the daughter of Epaphus and Affrick of Afer the Sonne of Hercules the Lybian Liâ— also another newe inhabited Towne standeth on the same coast where was sometime the Palace of Antaeus who béeing perfecter in wynding vnwinding of knots vpon the ground then els where as if he had béene the natiue Sonne of the earth was there vanquished and put to death by Hercules As concerning the Orchyardes of the Hesperides and y e waking Dragon least the liberty of Fame might be infringed this is the very truth Out of the Sea commeth a crooked arme with so wreathed and wynding banks that to such as beholde the broken turnings of it a far of it resembleth the glyding of a Snake and it enuironeth the place that they called the Orchyard Wherevppon interpreting it to bee the kéeper of the Apples they opened a gappe to deuise lyes vpon But thys Iland so wreathed about with the wynding Channell running forward and backward which is situate in a certaine circle of the Sea hath nothing in it to prolong the memoriall of antiquitie with sauing a fewe Trées like wylde Olyues and an Altar consecrated vnto Hercules But this is a greater wonder then the golden fruite Trées or the leauie gold that though the grounde be lower then the leuell of the Sea yet the tyde neuer ouerfloweth it but the water béeing kept off by the prouidence of nature as by a Iettie stayeth at the very brimme and the waues of theyr owne accorde stand still in a circle at the innermost brewes of the Sea bankes and so through the wonderfull disposition of nature the leuell grounde continueth styl dry though the Seas come falling downeward vpon it Upon the Ryuer Sala standeth the Towne of Sala From hence by the nation of the Autolians the way lyeth to the wyldernes of Atlas The Mountaine Atlas rising out of the mids of the waste and sandy Countries and growing into a circle like the halfe moone lifteth his head aboue y e câ—wdes Where it reacheth to the Ocean that is named after him no Fountaines spring out of him but all lyeth horrible wast all is stéepe cliffs and Rocks all is loth some and barraine the grounde bare and no grasse growing thereon But where he turneth backe to Affrick warde he is rich of all kinde of fruites springing of theyr owne accorde and he is shadowed with bygh Trées the sent whereof is ranke and y e leaues like Cypresse leaues and they are couered with a kind of downe of no lesse value then silke On that side also groweth plentiously the hearbe â—â—phrobia y e iuyce whereof cléereth the eye sight and many wayes preserueth health and greatly expulseth the force of venims The top of this hyll is euermore couered wyth snowe the launes thereof are haunted with foure footed beastes and Serpents
ware hyde their young ones out of the way Affrick swarmeth in such wise with Serpents that it may worthelie challenge the preheminence in that mischiefe from all the worlde The Caerasts péere with foure little hornes by shewing whereof as it were wyth a bayse they allure birds to them and deuoure them For they hide the rest of their bodyes for the nonce in the sand discouering no part of theÌ„selues sauing that onely part wherwith they entice the birds deceitfully to féeding when they lie in wait to kill them for theyr labor The Amphisbene riseth with two heads wherof one is in his accustomed place and the other where his taile should bee Wherevpon it commeth to passe that with both heads forward at once hee créepeth in a roundell The Darters clymbe vp vppon trées from whence whirling themselues with as much violence as may be they péerce through what beast soeuer happeneth to come within their dint The Scytale hath such a glystering and speckled hide that the beautie of the spots staie such as behold it by means whereof hee catcheth them as they stande gazing and wondring whom he cannot ouertake by his slownes in créeping Notwithstanding as beautifull as his scales be he is the first that casteth his wynter coate There are many and sundry kinds of redde Adders but they haue diuers effects in hurting The Dipsas killeth w t thirst The Hypuale killeth with sléepe and Clâ—opatra may beare witnesse that it is bought to kill folke The poysons of others forasmuch as they bee curable deserue lesse fame The Hemorrhoyd byteth till it bléedes and thereby breaking the intercourse of the vaynes draweth out the life wyth bléeding Whomsoeuer the Prester stingeth he is bloune and béeing puffed vp to vnmeasurable hugenesse dyeth with swelling Immediatlie vppon the stinging of the Seps ensueth rotting There are also Ammodits Cheuchries Olyphantyes Chersydres and * Chamedraconts And finally as many sundry names as there bee so manye sundry deathes there are For Scorpions Scinks and Lucerts are accounted among vnhurtfull wormes and not among serpents These Monsters if they drinke doo sting the gentlier They haue affections for lightly they goe not but by couples If the one be caught or kylled the other that scapeth runneth madde The heads of the Females are finer theyr bellyes rownder and theyr venime more hurtfull The Male is a like rounde in all places and higher also and more méeke All Serpents are dull sighted They seldome looke right before them and not wythout a cause forasmuch as their eyes stand not in theyr foreheads but in their temples so as they are lighter of hearing then of séeing any thing As concerning the precious stone called Helitrope there hath béene contention betwéene Aethyop Affrick Cyprus which of them should yéelde the excellentest of that kynd and it is founde by maniâ— trayals that the stone of Aethiop or of Libie hath y â— prerogatiue It is of a gréene colour not altogether verye fresh but somewhat more clowdie and déepe powdred aboue with spots of scarlett The stâ—ne taketh hys name of hys operatioÌ„ and power Béeing cast into a brasse panne it altereth y e colour of the Sunne beames making them to haue a bloody reflexion and it casteth the glymering brightnesse of the ayre out of the water and turneth it aside Moreouer it is reported to haue this vertue y â— beeing mingled wyth the herbe of the same name and consecrated before with the accustomable enchantmeÌ„ts it maketh the bearer thereof to goe inuisible They that trauell the Syrts though theyr iourney lie by lande yet must they direct theyr course by the starres otherwise they shall neuer come to the place appointed For y e ground is so rotten that the aire altereth the vpper part therof and if there whiske neuer so small a wynd y e blaste thereof maketh such an alteration that it leaueth no token whereby to knowe a mans way For it euermore turneth vpside downe the plats of the places in such wyse that those which were euen nowe full of hygh hils sinck into vallies and those that euen now were vallies are heaped vp with sande like hyls And the maine land beareth the nature of the sea that beateth vppon it Neyther makes it any matter where stormes rather bée séeing that the elements conspyre the destruction of trauellers so as the wynd rageth vppon the land and the land as the sea The two Syâ—ts are seperated two hundred and fiftie myles a sunder the lesse of them is somewhat calmer Wee reade that in the time that Cneus Seruilius and Caius Sempronius were Consuls the Romaine fléete passed harmles betwéene these shallowes In this Coast is the Ile Meninx where Caius Marius hid himself after he came out of the Fennes of Minturue Beyonde the Garamants were the Psylls fortiâ—â—ed with a wonderfull strength of body against hurtfull poyson They onelie dyed not of the byting of Snakes and although they were stunge with their deadly tongues yet they continued in vnappayred health Yea they layde theyr newe borne babes to Serpents and if they were misbegotten the adulterie of the Mothers was punished wyth the destruction of y â— Children But if they were right begotten the priuiledge of theyr fathers bloode saued the innocent babes from death Thus they put the assurance of theyr issue to the triall of poyson But the Nasamons conquered this country and destroyed it insomuch that nowâ— the Psylls haue left nothing whereby to be remembred sauing onely theyr bare name The Nasamones yeelde a stone which is called a Nasamonite altogether bloode shaddowed with blacke vaynes In the innermost part of the bigger Syrt about the Philenes Altars as we learne inhabited the Loteaters and it is so indeede Not farre from the Philenes Alters is a Lake whereinto y â— Ryuer Trâ—ton runneth where men haue beléeued that the Goddesse of arts was first seene The greater Syrt â—aunteth of a Cittie called Cyrene which Battus the Lacedemonian builded the fiue and fortith Olimpyade when â—ncus Marcius raigned ouer y â— Romains the fiue hundred â—oursâ—ore and sixe yéere after she destruction of 〈◊〉 the which Cyrene was the natyue Country and dwelling place of Callimachus the Poet. Betwéene this Towne and the Temple of Ammon are fourehundred myles harde by the Temple is a Fountaine consecrated to the Sunne which with the moysture of his water byndeth the ground and hardneth ashes also into a clod wherin not without wonder the place glistreth rounde about none otherwyse then if it were the gréene fields There is also gathered the stone called Ammons horne For it is so warpped and crooked that it is shaped like a Rams horne It is as bright as gold Béeing layde vnder a mannes head when he sléepeth it is said to represent vnto him heauenly dreames Also there is a Trée called Metops out
much apéede as they can they cast them hearbes stéeped in thinges that haue as much force as may bee so prouoke sléepe So when they be fast a stéepe they cutt the stones out of their heades and getting the booty of their heady enterprise enioy theâ—reward of their rashnesse The places which the Aethyopians possesse is full of wyld Beastes whereof one is the Nabis which we call a Camelopardaâ—is It is necked like a horse footed like an Oxe headed like a Camell of a bryght â—ay colour powdred with white spottes This beast was shewed first in Rome at the gamings that Caesar the Dictator made in the Lysts Almost about y e same time also were brought from thence monsters called Celphies whose hinder féete from the ancle vpp to the toppe of the calfe where like a mans legge and lykewyse hys forefeete resembled a mans hande notwithstanding these were neuer séene of the Romaines but once Before the showes of Cneus Pompeius the Romaines had neuer seene the Rhynoceros openly Thys â—east is of a paâ—e ruâ—â—et colour in hys nose is a horne that boweth vpward the which hee maketh sharpe poiâ—ted like a boâ—kyn by whetting it vpon stones and â—ighteth wyth it against the Olyphants béeing almost ful as long as they but some what shorter legged and with this his naturall weapon he pusheth at theyr bell yes as the onely part which he 〈◊〉 may bee perced with 〈…〉 By the Riuer Nigris bréedeth the Catoblepe a little sâ—uggish beast with a great heauie ioll and a venemous sight For they that happen to come in hys sight die There bee Ants as big as a Mastiffe that haue talents like Lyons wherewyth they scrape vp sand of golde which they 〈◊〉 that no man may fetch it away if any man 〈◊〉 they pursue them â—o death The same Aethiop bréedeth y â— Lycaon which is a woolfe with a mane on his necke so pied y â— men say there is no colour but he hath parte of it It bréedeth also y â— Tarand of the bignes of an Oxe clouen footed with tined hornes headed like a stag coloured like a Beare shacke hayred It is saide y â— thys Tarand changeth his complexion for feare and y â— wheÌ„ he hideth himself he becoÌ„meth like vnto the thing y â— he is next vnto whither it be a quarrie of white stone or a groue of gréene trées or what thing soeuer it be of any other likenes The same thing also dooth the Fyshe Polypus in the Sea and the Chameleons on the lande But the Polypus and the Chameleon haue a sheere skinne and therefore it is the easier for them to resemble things next vnto them because of theyr thin smug skynnes which are like glasse But it is a straunge and singuler case that harsh hayre should alter colour heereby it comes to passe that they are hardly taken It is a peculiar propertie to the Wolues of Aethyop to be as nimble in leaping as a byrde so as they ridde not more ground by running then by going but yet they neuer assault a man In Winter time they are hayrie and in Sommertime naked Menne call them Thoes The Porkpine also is very ryfe in those Countries a beast like a Hedghog wyth a hyde full of rough brystles which he oftentimes looseneth of his owne accorde and darteth them foorth so thicke as it were a showre of pricks and therewyth woundeth the Dogs that pursue him Of that coast is the byrde Pegasus but this bird hath nothing of a horse but his eares So is also the Tragop a byrde bigger then an Egle vaunting himselfe with an armed head besett with hornes like a Rammes hornes The Aethiopyans gather Cynnamom Thys shrub groweth on a short stalke wyth low and flatte boughes neuer aboue two cubits high That which groweth slenderest is counted the excellentest and that that swelleth into thicknes is nothing sette by But it is gathered by the priestes who make sacrifice before Which doone they take good heede that they beginne not theyr haruest before the Sunne rise nor continue it after the Sunne sette He that is Primate among them deuideth the heapes of sticks wyth a speare which is consecrated to y â— same vse And so a portion of the faggots is dedicated to the Sunne which if it bee rightlie deuided taketh fire alone Among these things that we haue treated of is found the Iacinâ— in colour a bright azure a precious stone if it may be found faultlesse for it is not a little subiect to faultines For diuers times it is eyther vernished with a violet colour or darkned with a mistynesse or wanzing into a watry shéerenesse the best fashion of it is if it be not dimmed with two déepe a die nor ouer lighth with too pure a shéerenesse but haue a swéete orient colour of lightsomenesse and purple equallie mixed together This is he that féeleth y â— ayre and altereth with it insomuch as it is not a like bright when the wether is clowdy as wheÌ„ it is fayre Moreouer béeing put into ones mouth it becommeth colder And for ingrauing it is nothing méete because it wyll abide no chaâ—ing yet is it not altogether inuincible for with a Diamonde a man may write in it and drawe what he list in it Where as is the Iacint there is also the Chrysolamp which stone the light hydeth and the dark discouereth For this diuersitie is in him that in the night he is fierie and in the day he is pale Out of that soyle also we take the Haematite a stone as redde as blood and therfore called the Haematite CAP. XLIII VVonderfull things of the nations of Lybia and of the stone called Hexacontaly thos WHatsoeuer lieth between Mount Atlas and the mouth of Nile called Canopitane which beareth the name of Canopus the Master of Menelauâ— ship who was buried in that Ilande whych lyeth against the said mouth of Nyle where Libie endeth and Egypt beginneth is inhabited by nations of sundry languages which are withdrawne into waylesse wildernesses Of these the Athlantians are altogether void of manners méete for men None hath anie proper calling none hath any speciall name They curse the Sun at his rising and curse him likwise at his going downe and because they are scorched wyth the heate of his burning beames they hate the God of light It is affirmed that they dreame not and that they vtterlie abstaine from all thinges bearing lyfe The Troglodits dig them caues vnder the grounde and house themselues in them There is no couetousnesse of getting for they haue bound themselues from riches by wilful pouertie Onely they glory in one stone which is called Hexacontalythos so powdred with diuers sparks y t the colours of thréescore sundrie stones are perceiued in his little compasse All these liue by the flesh of Serpents and béeing ignoraunt of spéech doo
first is called the Armenian the seconde the Caspian and the thyrd the Cilician Hée beareth hys heade towarde Greece also where hée is called Ceraunius From the Coast of Cilicia hee looketh downe into the Marches of Affricke As much of him as lyeth to the South is scorched wyth the Sun and whatsoeuer butteth vpon the North is punished with winde and frost Where it is woodye is is replenished wyth wylde Beastes and most cruell Lyons CAP. LI. Of Lycia and the Fable of the Monster Chymaera THat which Vesuuius is in Campane Aetna in Sicill the same is Chiâ—era in Lycia This Hyll breatheth vp smokie flames in the night times Wherevpon rose the Fable of the thréeformed monster amoÌ„g the common people beléeuing that Chimaera was a liuely beaste And because the place is of a firie nature the Lycians dedicated the next Citty vnto Vulcane and called it Ephaestia after the originall of his name Among other thinges there was also the noble Towne of Olympus but it is deâ—â—yed and nowe it is but a Castle Beneathe the which are the Kinges waters a wonder to such as beholde them for the beautifulnesse of them CAP. LII Of the lesser Asia of the Temple of Diâ—na at Ephesus of the birth of great Alexander of the famous wryters of Asia of Phrygia of the fourefooted beast called Bonasus of the tymes of Homer and Hesiodus of Memnons byrds of the Chameleon of Storks and of the originall of the Galathians NOwe followeth Asia but I meane not that Asia which béeing the thyrd part of the worlde is from the Egyptian Sea bounded wyth the Ryuer Nyle and from the Lake Maeotis with the Ryuer Tanais but I meane that Asia which beginneth at Telmessus of Lycia from whence the Gulfe of Carpathus also taketh hyâ— beginning This Asia therefore is enclosed on the East wyth Lycia and Phrygia on the West wyth the 〈◊〉 Sea on the South with the Egyptian Sea and on the North with Paphlagonia In it is the most famous Cittie Ephesus The beauty of Ephesus is the Temple of Diana buylded by the Amozons such a royall péece of worke that when Xerxes 〈◊〉 fyre on all the Tâ—mples of Asia thys one onlie hee spared But thys gentlenesse of Xerxes exempted not thys holy Church vtterly from that mys-fortune For one Herostratus to the intent to purchase himselfe an euerlasting fame by hys mischieuous déede did sette this noble péece of work on fire wyth his own hands and when he had doone it confessed it to wyn hymselfe a continuall name It is therefore noted that the Temple of Ephesus was burned the selfe same day that Alexander the great was borne in Pella which as Nepos reporteth was in the Consulshyppe of Marcus Fabius Ambustus and Titus Quintius Capitolinus the thrée hundred fourescore and fift yéere after the building of Rome At such time as the Ephesians afterward repayred it more beautifull and stately then it was before Dinocrates was chiefe maister of the workes euen y e same Dinocrates who by the commaundement of Alexander builded Alexandria in Egypt as we tolde you before The great ruines of Asia beare wytnesse that there neuer happened so continual earthquakes and so manie ouerthrowes of Citties in any place of the whole worlde as in Asia In somuch that in the raygne of Tiberius twelue Citties were ouerthrowne at one tyme wyth earthquake The wyts of Asia haue béene renowmed ouer all the world Fyrst for Poetrie Anacreon then Mimnermus and Antimachus after them Hipponax then Alcaeus and among them also one Sappâ—o a woman For wryting of Hystoryes Xanthus Hecateus Herodotus and wyth them Ephorus and Theopompus Also of the seauen Sages there were Bias Thales and Pittacus and of Philosophers Cleanthes one of the excellenâ—â—st Stoicks Anaxagoras a sercher of nature and Heraclitus also that bestowed all hys tyme in the secrets of a subtiler doctrine Next Asia 〈◊〉 in Phrygia wherein was Celenae which hauing abolished hys former name fléeted into Apamaea a Towne builded afterward by Seleucus Héere was Maâ—â—â—as borne and héere was hee buried of whom the Ryuer thereby tooke his name For in remembrance of his vngracious chalenge and ouer malapart contention wyth the God of Musicke in playing vpon a shalme there is a Ualley wyth a Well in it not far from thence which beareth marks of the thing that was doone and is a tenne myles of from Apamaea bearing the name of Aulocrene vnto thys day Out of a Mount of this Towne the Ryuer Maeander lifteth his heade which running forwarde and backward in crooked banks falleth headlong betwéene â—aria and Iconia into the Gulfe that deuideth Miletum and Priene Phrygia it selfe lyeth aboue Troas and bordereth Northwarde vpon Galatia and Southwarde vppon Lycaoma Pisidia and Mygdonia The same is on the Easte next Neighbor vnto Lydia and on y e North to Mysia and Caria On that side that is towarde the midday is the Mountain Tmolus florished ouer with Saffron and the Riuer Pactolus whom they call by another name Chrysoroa because he caryeth golde in his streame In these Countries bréedeth a beaste called Bonasus who hath the heade and all the bodâ—e foorth on like a Bull. Onely hee hath a mane lyke a Horse and hys hornes are so manie times twysted rounde one within an other that if a man light vppon them hâ— cannot be wounded But that defence that the fro◠〈…〉 hys pauâ—che recomâ—â—nceth 〈…〉 ground the heate whereof is such that it scaldeth whatsoeuer it toucheth and so with his mischieuous squirt hée kéepeth of such as pursue him The head of Ionia is Miletus sometime the house of Cadmus the same that first founde the order to wryte in prose Not farre from Ephesus is the Cittie Colophon renowmed with the Oracle of Apollo Clarius And wythin a little way of that ryseth Mount Mimas which giueth knowledge of the alteration of the wether by the clowdes that flye ouer the toppe of it The heade of Maeonia is Sypilus called héertofore Tantalis and for the longer continuaunce of that name commeth Niobe borne to the losse of her husbande and children About Smyrna runneth the Ryuer Melas without all controuersie the prince of all the Ryuers in Asia Through the fieldes of Smyrna cutteth also the Riuer Hermus which rysing at Dorilaum in Phrigya cutteth Phrigya of from Caria Antiquitie was in a beléefe that this Hermus also flowed with golden streames Smyrna which is the greatest beautie of all to it was the Countrey of the Poet Homer who departed out of this world the two hundred thréescore tenth yeere after the taking of Troy Agrippa Siluius the Sonne of Tyberinus then raigning in Alba which was the hundred and threescore yeere before the building of Rome Betwéene whom and the Poet Hesiodus who dyed in the beginning of the firste Olympiad there were a hundred and eyght thirty
yeeres In the Rhetaean shore the Athenians and Mytileneans at the Tombe of the Thessalian Captaine builded the Towne Achylleon which is almost decayed And about a forty furlonges from thence in another nooke of the same shore the Rhodians builded another Towne in the honor of Aiax the Sonne of Telamon which they named Aeantion But hard by Troy standeth the Tombe of Memnon whereunto come certaine Byrds flying continuallie out of Aethyop in flocks which the Troyans cal Memnons Byrdes Cremutius is mine Author that these Birds euerie fifth yéere assemble in flocks from all quarters wheresoeuer they be in all the worlde to the Palace of Memnon In the vplande Countrey aboue a part of Troas lyeth the region of Teutranie which was the first dwelling of the Mysians Teutranie is watred wyth the Ryuer Caicus Through all Asia is great store of Chameleons a fourefooted beast in making like a Lucert but that hee hath straight and somewhat longer legges growing to hys belly wyth a long tayle wrythed rounde in with hooked talants finely bowing inwarde slowe of gate and in a manner trayling like a Snayle rough bodyed wyth such a hyde as we sée Crocodiles haue and hollowe eyes suncke farre into his head which he neuer shadoweth wyth twinckling Moreouer he beholdeth thinges not wyth rolling the bals of his eies but with staring continually forward His mouth is euer gaping and serueth to doo no kind of thing wyth all for he neyther eateth meate nor is nourished with drink but liueth onely by drawing in the ayre which is hys onely sustenaunce Hys colour is variable and euerie moment chaungable so that to what thing so euer he leaneth himselfe hee becommeth of the same colour Two colours there are which hee is not able to counterfett redde and white all other he counterfetteth with ease Hys body is almost without flesh and hys intrailes without spléene neither is there any blood to be founde in him saue in his hart and thereof is verie little He hydes himselfe in wynter and comes abroade in the spring time The Rauen hath greate spight at him but if he taste of him hee béeing deade kylleth his enemie that hath kylled hym For if the Rauen eate neuer so little of him he dyeth by and by But the Rauen hath his defensiue by meanes of nature it selfe which putteth foorth her hande to heale him For as soone as he féeleth himselfe diseased hee eateth a Bay leafe and so recouereth hys health There is in Asia a ground called Pythous Come a plott in the Champion fieldes to which at the very firste time of theyr arriuall the Storks assemble and there all of them fall vppon him that commeth laste teare him in péeces They say these foules haue no tongues but that the crocking which they make is rather a sounde of the mouth then a voyce There is in them a singuler naturalnesse For looke how much time they bestowe in bringing vppe theyr yong birds so much time doo their birdes bestowe in cherrishyng them againe For they are so fonde in kéeping theyr nestes that by continuaunce of sitting they cast theyr feathers They thinke it a haynous matter in all places to hurt them but specially in Thessaly where is vnmeasurable store of Serpents which they persecuting to feede vppon doo greatly ease the Countries of Thessaly of that mischiefe Galatia was in auncient time conquered by the olde Inhabyters of Gallia namely by the Tolistobogians Voturians and Ambians which names remaine vnto this day albeit that Galatia by the verye sounde of the name declareth from whence it is deriued CAP. LIII Of Bythinia and the rauishing of Hylas and of the death and buriall of Hanniball BIthinia at the enterance of the Sea Pontus toward the Sunne rysing oueragainst Thrace welthie and garnished richlye with Citties taketh hys beginning at the heade of the Riuer Sangarius It was in olde time named Bebrycia afterwarde Mygdonia and lastly of King Bithynus Bithynia In this Countrey by the Cittie Prusias runneth the Ryuer Hylas and likewyse there is the Lake Hylas wherein it is thought that the Chylde Hylas Hercules delight whom the Nimphes hadde rauished was drowned In remembraunce of whom the people vnto this day runne solemnlie a scatterloping about the Lake and cry Hylas as loude as they can In Bithynia also is a place called Lybissa néere to Nicomedia registred in the Booke of fame for the Tombe of Hanniball who after the iudgment gyuen vppon him at Carthage resorting first to King Antiochus and after the vnfortunate battell of Antiochus at Thermopyles and hys vtter discouragement through the vnconstancie of Fortune béeing retayned a guestwise by King Prusias because hee woulde not bee deliuered to Titus Quintius who was sent into Bithynia for the same purpose and bée caryed prisoner to Rome poysoned hymselfe and by wilfull death defended his bodie from the yrons that should haue béene laide vppon hym by the Romaines CAP. LIIII Of the Coast of Pontus IN the Coast of Pontus beyond y e straights of Bosphorus and the Ryuer Rhaesus and the Hauen of Calpas the Ryuer Sangaris called of manye Sangarius which ryseth in Phrigya maketh the beginninge of the Mariandine Gulfe wherein is the Towne of Heraclea standing vppon the Ryuer Lycus and the Hauen Acone so notable for the increase of wycked wéedes that of the name of that Towne wee call all hurtfull hearbes Aconite Next vnto that is the Caue of Acheruse where as men say is a darke déepe hole that goeth downe to hell CAP. LV. Of Paphlagonia and of the originall of the Venetians THe Marches of Galatia inclose Paphlagonia on the backe part Thys Paphlagonia from the promontorie of Carambis looketh vnto Taurica Chersonesus It ryseth in height with the Mountaine Cytorus the space of thréescore and thrée miles famous for the place called Henett from whence as Cornelius Nepos affyrmeth the Paphlagonians passing ouer into Italy were anon after named Venetians The Milesians builded many Citties in that Realme And Mithridates builded Eupatoria which béeing subdued by Pompey was named Pompeyople CAP. LVI Of Capadocia and the nature of horses in the same OF all the Realmes that border vpō Pontus Cappadocia draweth furthest into the firme land On the left side it lyeth all along both the Armenies and Comagene on the right-side it hath the Marches of many people of Asia It ryseth at the rydges of Mount Taurus and the sunne rysing It passeth all along by Lycaonia Pisidia and Cilicia It goeth beyond the Coast of Syrya that is about Antioche stretching euen vnto Scythia at another part of the Realme and is deuided from y e greater Armenie wyth the Ryuer Euphrates which Armenie taketh hys beginning at the Mountaines Pariedrie There be manie famous Cities in Cappadocia But to passe ouer the rest the Ryuer Halys runneth by Archelais which Claudius Caesar peopled The Ryuer Lycus washeth by Neocaesaria Semyramis builded
Melita Mazacha which is situate vnder Mount Argaeus the Cappadocians call the mother of Citties The which Argaeus beeing very high hath his tops so couered wyth snowe that euen in the whotest of all Sommer he is frozen and the Inhabiters of the countrey beléeue there is a God dwelling in it This countrey is a speciall bréeder of horses and most commodious for increase of them the natures of whome I thinke meete to be treated of in this place For it is manifest by the sundry proofes that there is discretion in horses forasmuch as there haue béene some founde that woulde not bee acquainted wyth any but wyth theyr first owners vtterly forgetting theyr accustomed tamenes if at any time they happened to change their olde maisters They knowe who bee enemies to theyr syde in so much that in incountering in battell they runne vppon them with open mouth to byte them But this is a greater matter that when they haue lost theyr former Keepers whom they dyd caste a loue vnto they starue themselues for hungar These conditions are founde in the excellentest kinde of horses for those that are of the baser sorte haue shewed no examples of themselues But because we will not séeme to take liberty to speake more then we are able to auouche wee will propounde diuers examples Great Alexanders horse which eyther of the stowrenesse of his looke or of hys marke because hee hadde a Bulles heade bronded on hys shoulder or els because certaine bunches like little hornes swelled in hys forehead when he was angry was called Beucephalus whereas at all other times he would gentlie suffer hys kéeper to ryde him as soone as the kings saddle was sette vpon his backe hée disdained to beare any man at all sauing his Lord and Master He shewed manie proofes of himselfe in battels by bringing Alexander safe out of most sharpe incounters for which his desert it came to passe that when hee dyed in Inde the king kept his funeralls and made a costly Tombe ouer him and moreouer builded a Cittye which in remembraunce of hys horses name he called Bucephala The horse of Caius Caesar would suffer no man to take hys backe but Caesar. And it is said that his foreféete were like the féete of a man as shoulde séeme by the Image of the horse which was placed by hym in that shape before the Image of his mother Venus When one that killed a King of Scythia in combatt hande to hande woulde haue spoyled hym the Kinges horse felled him with hys héeles and tare him in péeces wyth hys téeth The Country of Agrigent also hath many Tombes of horses in it which buriall they think was no more then the horses had deserued The sights in the great Theatre beare witnes y â— they haue a delight in pleasant thinges For some of them at the playing vppon shalmes some at singing some at the varietie of colours and diuers also at the sight of burning Cressets are prouoked to running That there is affection in horses their teares doo declare After that King Nicomedes was slaine hys horse dyed for hunger When Antiochus had vanquished the Galathians in battel as he was about to haue gotten vppon the horse of their Captaine Centaretrius who was slaine in the fielde to haue vaunted himselfe in a lustie brauerie the horse did sette so little by hys rayning of him that falling downe for the nonce he threwe hymselfe and hys ryder both to the ground The sights that Claudius Caesar shewed in the greate Theatre declared the wytt of horses for when y â— wagoner was ouerthrowne they ouerranne theyr aduersaries that contended with them not more by swyftnesse then by pollicieâ— and after running theyr full course orderlie staied of themselues at the races ende as it were to claime the reward of victorie Moreouer hauing so cast of theyr Ruler who was named Ratumena they forsooke the gaming place and ranne full flyght to the Capitoll neuer stinting although they â—ad manie lets by the way before such time as they had gone thrise about Iupiter Tarpeius righthandwise In this kynde of beast the Males are longest lyued We reade that a horse hath liued full thréescore and tenne yéeres And this is out of all question that they ingender till they be thrée and thirtie yéeres olde and that after the twentith yéere they are purposely kept to couer Mares Also we finde it noted that a Horse named Opus did hold out in seruing the race vntil he was fortie yéeres olde The lust of Mares is extinguished by shearyng their manes and in the foles there bréedeth a poyson that prouoketh loue which is in the Colts foreheade when he is newe folâ—d and is of colour yellowe lyke a dry Figge and it is named Hyppomanes and if the same be taken from the Colt the Damme wyll neuer giue it suâ—k The â—â—ercer that anie horse is and of greater courage the déeper dooth he thrust his nose into the water when he drinketh The Scythians neuer bring horses to battell but Mares because the Mares can state and ruâ— neuer the lesse Mares doo conceiue and bring forth Colts by the wind but those neuer lyue aboue thrée yéeres CAP. LVII Of Assyria and of the first comming vppe of oynâ—ments THe beginning of Assyria is Adiabene in a part whereof is the Countrey Arbelite which place the victorie of great Alexander will not suffer to bee foreslipped For there he vaÌ„quished the power of Dâ—â—ius and 〈◊〉 him and in ryffling his Campe among other of his princelye furniture found a Caskettfull of Oyntments which thing afterward opened first the gappe of excesse vnto the Romains to delight in forraine perfumes Neuerthelesse we were defended for a while from the allurement of vices by the vertues of our auncestors and that euen vnto the Censureshippe of Publius Crassus and Iulius Caesar who in the fiue hundred thréescore and fift yéere of the building of the Cittie forbidde by open proclamation that no maâ— should bring forraine Oyntments into the Cittie Afterward our vices gott the vpperhand and the Senate grew to such a delight in the pleasantnesse of the sents that they vsed them euen in theyr 〈◊〉 Chambers as it appeared by Lucius Ploâ—ius the brother of Lacius that hadde binne twise Consull whom béeing proclaimed Traytor by the Thréemâ—n the â—ent of his oyntments be wrayed where he lay hidden in a hole at Salerne CAP. LVIII Of the tree called Medica AFter this rowe of Countryes followeth Media the Trée whereof hath béene celebrated eueÌ„ by the verses of Virgill It is a great trée and hath leaues almost like the leaues of a Crabâ—e Trée sauing onely in this one poynt that they bee rough with sharpe pricks It beareth an Apple which is enemie to venim of harsh taste and of wonderfull bytternesse The sent of this odour is very fragrant and excéedingly pleasant and 〈◊〉 a farre of But the Trée is so plentifull of bearing
the Sythick Ocean and the Caspian Sea towarde the East Ocean from the beginning of this Coast firste déepe snowes then long deserts beyond that the Cannibals a most cruell kind of people and lastly places ful of moste outragious wilde Beastes make almost the one halfe of the way vnpassible The which distresses haue their ende at a Mount that butteth vppon the Sea which the barbarous people call Tabis beyonde which the wyldernesses doo neuerthelesse continue a great way on styll So in that Coast which faceth the Northeast beyond those waste vninbabitable Countreys the first men that we haue heard of are the Seres who sprinckling water vppon the leaues of theyr Trées doo by the helpe of that liquor kembe of certain fléeces and wyth moysture so carde that fine Cotten that they make what they wyll thereof This is that silke admitted to be worne commonly to the hinderaunce of grauitie and wherewith the luste of excesse hath perswaded first women and nowe also menne to apparell themselues rather to sette out the bodyes to sale then to cloth it The Seres are meeke and very quiet among themselues but otherwise they eschew the company of all men besides insomuch that they refuse to haue any traffick or intercourse of Merchandise with other nations For those that occupy y â— trade of merchandise with them doo passe ouer the first Ryuer of their Countrey vpon the banks wherof with out anie communication of talke betwéene the Chapmen the Seres considering by eie-sight the price that they bid for the things laid downe vtter theyr owne wares but by not ours CAP. LXIII of the Attacene Nations NOwe followeth the Coast of Attacene and the nation of the Attacenes who haue a singuler prerogatiue for the temperatâ—es and gentlesse of theyr ayre The hilles kéepe of the hurtfull blasts which hils beeing cast rounde about them euery way doo with theyr wholsome opennesse to the Sunne fence them from all pestilent ayres And therfore as Amomaetus affyrmeth their life and the life of the Hyperboreans is a like Betwéene these and Inde the skylfullest Cosmographers haue placed the Cycones CAP. LXIIII. of Inde and the maners of the Indians of the temperate ayre of that Country of the Ryuers of Inde of the wonderfull beasts trees kynds of odours and precious stones in the same INde beginneth at the hyls called Emodii and extendeth from y â— south sea to the East Ocean and from the North to y e Mountaine Caucasus most healthfull wyth the blastes of the South west winde It hath Sommer twyse a yéere and twyse a yéere haruest and in stedd of Wynter it hath the Eastern wyndes called Etesiae Posidonius placeth this Countrey directly against Fraunce and surely there is no doubt at all in the matter For firste béeing found by the warres of great Alexander and since hys time trauelled through and through by the diligence of Kings it is nowe come full and wholy to our knowledge Megasthenes hauing continued a good whyle among the Kinges of Inde wrate the acts of y â— Countrey to the intent to leaue to his posterity the certaintie of those things that himselfe hadde seene wyth hys eyes Dennys also who in likewise was by king Philadelphus sent to sée whither those things were true or no wrytt the like Bacchus was borne of Iupiters thigh Without the mouth of the Ryuer Indus are two Ilands Chryse and Argyre so plentiful of mettals that diuers haue reported them to haue soyles of gold and siluer All the Indians weare long hayre stayned with a blewish or yellowish colour Their chiefe attyre is in precious stones No coste is bestowed in buriall of the deade Furthermore as is expressed in the bookes of King Iuba and King Archelaus as much as the people disagrée in manners and conditions so great difference is there in theyr attyre Some weare lynnen garments some wollen some goe all naked some couer but theyr priuie members and many goe clad in barks of trées Some people are so tall that they wyll as easily vault ouer Oliphants as if they were horses Many thinke it good neyther to kill anie lyuing thing nor to eate anie flesh Some eate only fish liue by y e Sea There are that make as it were a sacrifice of theyr Parents and kinsfolke before they become bare with sicknes or age and then make a feast wyth their flesh which thing in that Countrey is not counted a wyckednesse but a godlinesse There are also that in extremitie of sicknesse or when diseases lynger vppon them get themselues into some secrete corner farre from resorte and there quietlie abyde for death The Nation of the Aspagones haue goodly woods of greene Bay and Box and as for vynes and all other trées wherein is pleasure and beautie to delight it hath most plentious store of them The Indians haue Philosophers whom they call Gynmosophists who from the rysing of the Sunne to the gooing down therof behold the Globe of that burning Planet with fixed eyes serching in that fierye circle for certayne secrete thinges and standing all day long vppon the scalding sande nowe on the one foote and nowe on the other At the Hyll that is called Milo dwell people that haue their féete turned backward wyth eyght toes on eche foote Megasthenes sayth that in diuers Mountaines in Inde are Nations that haue hands like Dogs armed wyth talants clad in hydes hauing no likelihoode of mans speeche but vttring a noise of barking wyth rough chappes We reade in Câ—esias that certayne Women beare Childe but once and that the Babes as soone as they be borne become by and by grayheaded and that there is againe another nation which in theyr youth are hoare headed and wexe black in their age which endureth farre beyonde the race of our yeres We reade also of a people called Monoscelans borne there wyth one legge a péece of singuler swyftnesse who when they will defende themselues from the heate lay themselues downe vppon their backes and shadow them with the largenesse of theyr feete They that dwell at the fountaine of Ganges néede no maner of victuals to féede vpon They liue by the sent of stubfruite and Crabbes and when they haue anie long iourney to goe they carry the same with theÌ„ for theyr baite to refresh themselues with the smel of theÌ„ And if it happen them to take any corrupt ayre certain it is that they die of it by by There is reported also to be a nation of women which beare Children at fiue yéeres of age but their life endureth not aboue 8. yeeres There are y â— want heades and haue their eyes in their shoulders There are also wild menne rough skinned toothed like dogs that make a terrible goarring But among them that haue some more care to liue according to reason many women are marryed to one man and when the husband is deceased each of them pleadeth before most graue Iudges
concerning her deserts she that by the sentence of y â— Iudges is deemed to haue béene more dutifull seruicable then the rest receiueth thys reward of her victory that at her pleasure shee may leape into the fire where her Husbande is a burning and offer herselfe as a sacrifice vpon hys herse The rest lyue wyth infamie The hugenesse of theyr Serpents is so excessyue that they swallow vp Harts and other beasts of lyke bygnesse whole yea and as great as the Indian Ocean is they swym through it and passe ouer into Ilands a great way distant from the firme â—ande to séeke feeding And the selfe same thing is a good argument to proue theyr hugenesse that they haue force to passe ouer such a bredth of salt water and to attaine to the places that they ayme at There are many and wonderfull beasts out of the which multitude I wyll pick some to treate of The Leucocrote passeth all wylde Beastes in swiftnesse It is of the bygnesse of an Asse haunched like a Stagge breasted and legged like a Lyon headed like a Cammell clouen cléed mouthed vp to bothe the eares and wyth one whole round bone instéede of téeth Thus much as to his shape In voyce hee counterfetteth the spéech of man There is an Eale otherwyse like a horse tayled like an Olyphant of colour blacke chapped like a Bore armed with hornes aboue a cubit long plyable to what vse soeuer he lyst to put them For they are not stife but are bowed as neede shall require in fighting of which he putteth out the one when he fighteth and rolleth vp the other that if by any stripe the point of the one be blunted the other may succéede sharpe in hys roome He is compared to the Waterhorses and to say y e truth he delighteth in waters to The Bulls of Inde are of colour bright yellowe excéeding wight of foote with their hayre growing the contrarie way and as much mouth as head These also beare hornes plyable to what purpose they liste so hard hyded that nothing is able to enter so vnmercifullie cruell that béeing caught they kill themselues for moodinesse Among these bréedeth also y â— Manticora wyth three sette of téeth in his head checkquerwise one against another faced like a man gray eyed sanguine coloured bodied like a Lyon tayled like a Scorpion wyth a stinging pricke in the ende with so shrill a voyce that it counterfetteth the tunes of pypes and the harmony of Trumpets Hée séeketh most gréedilie after mans flesh He is so swift of foote and so nimble in leaping that there is no space so long that may forslowe hym nor anie thing so broade that can let him of hys way There are also Oâ—en with one horne and thrée horns whole hooued and not clouen cléed But the cruellest is the Unicorne a Monstar that belloweth horriblie bodyed like a horse footed like an Oliphant tayled like a Swyne and headed like a Stagge His horne sticketh out of the midds of hys â—orehead of a wonderfull brightnesse about foure foote long so sharp that whatsoeuer he pusheth at he striketh it through easily Hée is neuer caught aliue kylled he may be but taken he cannot bée The waters also bréede no lesse wonders Ganges bréedeth Eeles of fortie foote long and Statius Sebosus saith that the same Ryuer among the chiefest miracles swarmeth with wormes bothe in name and colour gray These haue as it were armes not vnder sixe cubits long a péece so boystrous of strength that with the hande thereof they take holde of Olyphants that come thither to drinke and hale them so rudelye that they pull them vnder the water The Indian Seas haue Fyshes called Thyrlpooles aboue the bygnesse of foure Acres of grounde There are also which they call Physeters which béeing huge beyonde the measure of great Pyllars lift themselues aboue the sayleyards of Shyppes and puffe out the water that they haue haled in at theyr venting pipes in such wise that many times they sinkâ— the vessels wyth the rage of water that they let fall vppon the Marryners Only Inde bréedeth the Poppiniey of colour gréene wyth a redde list about hys neck whose byll is so hard that when he is throwne from high vpon a stone he saueth himselfe vppon his byll vsing it as an extraordinary defence of hys infirmitie And his heade is so stronge that if at any time he haue néede of stripes to put him in mind of hys lesson for he learneth to speake like a man he must be knockt on the pate wyth a wande of yron While he is a Chicken and as yet vnder two yeeres old he learneth the things that are taught him more spéedilie and beareth them more stedfastly in remembraunce Aboue that age hee is somewhat more slow of taking forgetfull and vâ—apt to be taught The number of toes maketh the difference betwéene the nobler and the rascaller sorte The better haue fiue toes on a foote the worse haue thrée Hys tongue is broade and much broader then the tongues of other byrds and that is the cause of his perfection in vttering words so distinctly This naâ—ure of his made the Romaines to haue so great pleasure and delight in him that the barbarous people made a merchandise of their Poppinieyes The trées if Inde grow vp in such an excessiue height that they cannot shoote an arrowe ouer them The Orchyards haue Fig trées the bodies whereof are thréescore paces about and theyr boughes shadow two furlongs euerie way the largenesse of their leaues is compared to the shielde of the Amazons and the fruit is of verie singuler swéetnes The Fenny grounds bring foorth a Réede of such grosenes that betwéene knot and knot they make boates of theÌ„ to rowe in Out of the rootes whereof is pressed a swéete iuyce as pleasant as honny There is an Iland of Inde called Tylos which beareth Date trées bringeth forth Olyues and aboundeth in Uynes It surmounteth all landes in this one wonder that what tree soeuer groweth therein is neuer without leaues There beginneth Mount Caucasus which wyth his continuall ridge peirceth through the most part of the worlde The same hyll on hys front that faceth the Sunne beareth Pepper Trées which men affyrme to be like the Iuniper Trée and to bring forth sundrie fruits That fruite that commeth forth first is like the agglets of Hasles and is called long Pepper That which is vncorrupted is called white Pepper That which hath the skynne wrinckled and scorched wyth the heate is called black Pepper Lastly that which falleth downe and is parched with the burning Sun taketh â—ys name of hys colour But that which is stripped of the Trée as it is is called white Pepper And as onely Inde yéeldeth Pepper so alonely yéelddeth it Ebonye yet not in all places but in a verie little part of the Countrey doth it yéelde thys kynd of woode The Trée
the Rocks or els among the Dogfishes They swymme in scoles Some one is Captaine of the whole scole If he be taken euen those that escaped returne into the nett againe Inde yéeldeth perles and so doth the Seacoast of Brytaine as Iulius Caesar by the inscription y â— was written vpon if witnesseth that the brestplate which be dedicated to his mother Venus in her Temple was made of British perles It is a thing coÌ„monly knowne that Lollia Paulina the wyâ—e of the Emperour Caius had a gowne of perles valued then at foure hundred thousande Sestertius through couetousnes in getting whereof her father Marcus Lollius for spoyling the Kinges of the East offended Caius Caesar the sonne of Augustus and was put out of the Princes fauor for sorrow whereof â—e poysoned himselfe This is also registred by the diligence of old men that perles were first brought to Rome in the time of Sylla CAP. LXVI The Iournall of Inde FRom the Ilande Ausea there is a directe cut to the firme land Therfore from the Iland Taprobane let vs returne back to Inde for the thinges of Inde are worth the seing But if I shoulde make tariance about the Citties nations of Inde I should passe the bounds of my prepurposed abridgment Next vnto the Ryuer Indus they had a Cittie named Capissa which Cyrus rased Arachosia standing vppon the Ryuer Arachota was builded by Semyramis Alexander the great builded the Towne of Cadrusiâ— by Mount Caucasus wheras also is Alexandria which is thirty furlongs wyde There are manie other also but these are of the most renowmed After the Indians the Iâ—thyophags possesse the Hill Countryes whom great Alexander subduing forbad them to eate fish for they liued thereby before Beyond these are the deserts of Carmania then Persia and so a iourney by Sea wherein is the Iland of the Sunne which is alwayes red and not able to be come vnto by any liuing creature for it killeth all lyuing things that are brought into it As men returne out of Inde the first sight that they haue of Charlsis waine is at Hyâ—anis a Ryuer of Carmania They say that the dwelling of Achaemenides was in this Coaste Betwéene the Promontorie of Carmania and Arabie is fifty miles Then are there thrée Iles about which there come forth salt water Snakes of twenty cubits long Hâ—ere it is to be declared howe the way lyeth from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Inde Fyrst yée must goe by water vppe the Nyle wyth a Northeast wynde vnto Copton Then by lande vnto Hydreum From thence passing ouer certaine mansions ye come to Berenice wheras is a HaueÌ„ of the red Sea After that ye must arriue at a Hauen of Arabie called Ocelis The next arriuall vnto that is MuziruÌ„ a Marte Towne of Inde diffamed for Sea Rouers Afterward by diuers Hauens yée come to Cottonare to which Towne they conuey theyr pepper in boates made of one whole Trunke Those that goe to Inde take water eyther before the beginning of the dogge dayes or immediatly after the beginning of them in the mids of Summer And when they come backe againe they saile in December The spéediest wynd out of Inde warde is the Northeast But when they come to the Red sea then must eyther a Southeast or a full South winde serue The largenesse of Inde is reported to be seauen thousand and fifty myles The space of Carmania is a hundred myles a part wherof is not wythout Uynes Moreouer they haue a kind of men that liue by nothing els but by the flesh of Tortoyles rugged and hayrie all sauing the face which alonelie hath a thynne skinne and they be clad in skynnes of fishes They are named Chelonophages CAP. LXVII of the Gulfe of Persia and the Gulfe of Arabie and of the Azanian Sea THe red sea breaketh into these Coasts and is deuided into two Gulfs Whereof that which is toward the East is called the Gulfe of Persia because the Persians inhabit that coast It is in compasse sixe thousande and twenty myles about The other Gulfe oueragainst which lyeth Arabie is called the Arabick Gulfe and the Ocean that floweth in there is called the Azanian Sea Uppon Carmania ioyneth Persia which beginneth at the Ilande Aphrodisia welthy of sundry sortes of ryches translated sometime into y â— name of Parthians stretching fiftie myles along the sea coast where it faceth the West The noblest Towne of that Realme is Susa in which is the temple of Susia Diana A hundred and fiue and thirty myles from Susa is the towne Babytace all the inhabiters whereof for the hatred they beare to golde doo bye vp this kynde of metall and delue it déepe in the ground to the intent they shoulde not be defiled with the vse thereof and so worke vnrighteously for couetousnesse sake Héereabouts is most vncertaine measuring of grounds and not wythout cause inasmuch as some nations about Persis méet theyr lands by Schaenes some by Parasanges and othersome after an vnknowne manner so that theyr vncertaine order in méeting maketh that a man cannot tell what measure to trust vnto CAP. LXVIII of Parthia and of King Cyrus tombe PArthia is so large a Country that on y â— south-side it encloseth the red sea and on the North side the Hyrcanian Sea In it are eightéene Kingdoms which are deuided into two parts Eleuen of them which are called the vpper kingdoms beginne at the borders of Armenie and passe along the Caspian sea coast to the land of the Scithians with whom they liue like good peaceable neighbors The other seauen nether kingdoms for so they terme theÌ„ haue on the East the Aries and Arians on the South Carmania on the West the Medes and on the North the Hyrcanians And Media if selfe running ouerthwart on the west side encloseth both the kingdoms of Parthia On the North it is bounded with Armenia on the East it beholdeth the Caspians on y â— South Persis and from thence this Coast passeth foorth to a Castle which the Wysemen call Passargada and here is the Tombe of King Cyrus CAP. LXIX of Babylon of the Athlantish Ocean of the Ilands of the Gorgons and of the fortunate Iles. THe heade of the Countrey Chaldea is Babylon builded by Semyramis so renowmed that for the noblenesse thereof both the Assyrians and Mesopotamians yéelded into the name of Babilon the Cittie is in compasse thréescore myles enuironed wyth walles two hundred foote hygh and fiftie foote broade euery foote béeing longer then the foote which we measure wyth by the bredth of thrée of our longest fingers The Ryuer Euphrates runneth through it There is the Temple of Belus lupiter whom euen the religion it selfe that beléeueth there is a God reporteth to haue béene the founder of that heauenly discipline In spyght of thys Citty the Parthyans builded Ctesiphon But nowe it is time to retyre to the Coasts of the Ocean and
to call backe my penne into Aethyop For as wee haue alreadye tolde howe the Athlantish Sea taketh his beginning at the west and at Spayne so it is also conuenient to be declared from whence hee beginneth first to beare the name of Atlas in these partes of the worlde also The Azanian Sea holdeth on vnto the Coaste of Aethyop The Aethiopian Sea continueth from thence to the Promontorie Mossylicum and from thence forth it taketh againe the name of the Athlantish Ocean Therefore whereas many haue helde opinion that all that part is not possible to bee sayled by reason of the excéeding heate Iuba auoucheth the contrarye And for assured proofe that the matter is so indéede hée maketh a rehearsall of the Nations Ilandes by the way giuing vs to vnderstande that all that Sea is saylable from Inde vnto the straights of Marrock so as it be when the wynde lyeth Southwest by west the blast whereof is able to driue anie Nauie by Arabie Egypt and Mauritanie so they direct theyr course from that Promontory of Inde which some call Lepten acran and othersome name Drepanum Moreouer he added the places of harbrough and the distance of them one from another For from the promontorie of Inde to the Ilande Malachus they affyrme to bee fiftéene hundred myles From Malachus to Scaeneon two hundred twenty fiue miles From thence to the Ilande Sadanus a hundred and fiftie myles and so is made to the open Sea eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene myles The same Iâ—ba so striueth against the opinion of manie which saie that most parte of this Coast is vninhabitable of mankind by reason of the heate of the Sunne that he affyrmeth the Merchantmen to bee troubled in their passage out of the Iles of Arabie which the Arabians called Ascitae possesse who haue that name of their dooings For they ioyne borders together and couer them ouer with Leather and sayling forth in this kinde of Shyppe assaile the passengâ—rs with venomâ—d Darts And hee affyrmeth also that the scorched Countries of Aethiop are inhabited by the nations of the Iâ—thyophages and Troglodits of whom the Troglodits are so swift a foote that they ouertake the wilde Beastes whom they chace The Icthyophags are able to swim in the salt water as well as the verye Beastes of the Sea In serching the Athlantish Sea euen to the west bee maketh mention of the Iles of the Gorgons also The Gorgon Iles as we vnderstand are ouer against the Promontorie which wee call Hesperionkeras These are inhabited by the Monstars called Gorgons and surelie a monstrous nation possesseth them yet They are distant from the maine land two dayes sayling Xenophon Lampsacenus hath reported that Hanno King of the Afers wasted ouer into them and founde women there as swyft as byrds and that of all the number that were séene but two could bee taken which were so rough and rugged of bodye that for a remembraunce of the strange sight hee hung vp theyr two skinnes for a wonder among other gyfts in the Temple of Iuno which continued there vnto the destruction of Carthage Beyond the Gorgons are the Iles of the Hesperides which as Sebosus affyrmeth are withdrawn fortie dayes sayling into the innermost hart of the Sea They report that the fortunate Iles lye against the left side of Mauritanie which Iuba sayth are situate vnder the South but next vnto the West By reason of the names of these I suppose a great wonder is looked for but the matter is not equall to the same of the worde In the first of them which is called Ombrion neither is nor hath béene anie houses The toppes of the Hyls are watry with Pooles Réedes growe vp to the bygnes of Trées Those of them that be blacke when they be pressed yéelde a most bitter liquor but thosâ— that bée white yéeld a iuyce good to make drinke of They say that another of those Iles is named Iunoma wherein are a fewe cotages ilfauoredly pyked at the toppes The third is néere vnto this and of y â— same name but all is bare and naked The fourth is called Capraria which swarmeth beyond al measure with monstrous great Lucerts Next followeth Niuaria where the ayre is thick and clowdie and therefore euer snowing And lastlie Canaria replenished with Dogs of excéeding hugenesse whereof two were presented to King Iuba In that Ile remain some foundations of buildings Ther is great plenty of byrds fieldes full of fruitful Trées places bearing Dates great store of Pyneapples aboundance of Honney and Ryuers swarming wyth Fyshes called Silures Also it is sayde that the wauing Sea casteth vppe monstrous beastes vppon the land which lying styll there and rotting infect all thinges wyth an horrible stinche and therefore the qualitie of those Ilands agrée not altogether to their name FINIS Opinions concerning the name of Rome Valentia * That is about the 19. day of December The time of the buildinge of Rome Hercules Cacus Tarchon Marsias Megales a Phâ—ygian the firste founder of the arte of Birdspelling among the Sabines Nicostrate couÌ„ted one of the nine Sybilles Hercules Chappell and the institution of hys Ceremonies Myagrus the God of Flyes The Treasorie of Saturne The dwelling of Nicostrate Wherof the Romane Pallace tooke that name * That is to saâ— of Romulus * The time of the building of Rome by Romulus the 19. of Aprill The first Tryumph * The seconde day of Iuly Tatius king of the Sabines Numa Pompilius the second K. of the Romains Tullus Hostiliuâ— Ancus Martiuâ— Tarquine the Elder Seruius Tullius Tarquine the proude Opynions of the time of the building of Rome An Olimpiad and what it contayneth Of the sundry gouernments in Rome Caesar Augustus The mis-fortunes of the Emperour Augustus * Her 〈…〉 Foretokens of the death of Augustus Monstruous fruitfulnesse of Women Twentie ChildreÌ„ at three câ—â—ld beddes * He was also called Methymâ—us The byrth of Hercules and Iphicluâ— Of the conception of Man Of such as are borne wyth theyr feete forwarde The first Caesar among the Romaines Zoroastres king of the Bactrians Crassus * That is to saye laughterlesse Socrates Heraclitus and Diogines Examples of singuler streÌ„gth * Running leaping buffeting wrestling and throwing of the Sledge * The Cock-stone * A seely how Of straungers that resembled one another Of the talenes and goodly personages of men in olde time Pusio and Secundilla Gabbara Orestes A dead body of monstrous bignesse An ouerswifâ— growth The manner of measuring a Manne Naturall reuerence in bodyes disceased Of Swiftnes Ladas Polymestor Phylippides Antistius and Philonides Quickâ—â—â—tednes Strabo Callicrates A race of strange Women Valiantnes Lucius Sicinius Marcus Sergius the Father of Catiline C. Iuliusâ— Caesar. Cyrus King of Persia. Lucius Scipio Cyneas Methridates Memorie made by Arte. The perishing and losse of memorie Messala Coruinus Feare Athis the Sonne of king Craesus Excellency of manners Cato Scipio Aemilianus Scipio Nasica
Eloquence or learning The singuler estimation of learning in those dayes Archilocus the Poet. Sophocles the Tragedy wryter Pindarus the Harper Possidonius the Philosopher Quintus Ennius Plato Socrates Godlinesse A poore child-bearing woman Chastitie Claudia Sulpitia Happynes Cornelius Sylla Aglaus The founders of the cheefe Citties and places in Italie Who brought Letters first into the shyre where Rome is The time of the comming of Aeneas into Italy Sybill of Cumes Sybill of Delphos Sybill of Aerithra The description of Italie The length of Italy The breadth of Italie The whole circuit of Italy * Now called mount Cimera The Ryuer Po. * Nowe called Lombardy A certaine kindred priuiledged from hurt of fire A people vnable to be hurt by Serpents Circe Augitia and Medea the daughters of Octas King of Colchos A horrible kind of Viper A wonderfull kind of Snake Wolues Hartwolues Lynxes The stone Lyncurion * That is to say Lynxpisse Dumb Grashop pers * The Sea of Genoa Corall The Syrtite oâ— sandstone The VeieÌ„tane Stone * This Ilande is nowe called S. Maryes of Trinitie Diomedes birds The wonderfull nature of them Dalmatia and Illyrick are novâ— one countrey and are called Sclauoni The founding of the Citty of Marsilles The description of the Ryuer of Rhone Saint Mary of Leke * Palmaria or Palmarosa * Procida * Elba * Caprara * Pianosa * Ischia * The sea of Genoa The Catochite The Shonsunne The Heaâ—be Sardonia The wholesomnesse and commoditie of the waters of Sardinia A water that discouereth theft The Plat of Cicilye a Capo passaro b Morea c The heade of the fare d Capo Boey A Lake that serues both for hunting and fishing A straunge Lake * Messana The first inhabiters of Sicill * Archimedes * Mount Gibell and the wonderfulnesse thereof * Caâ—torby * That place is now called Anna * Catanea * Saragoza A notable example of loue toward the Parents The Fountaine Arethusa and the Riuer Alpheus The Well of Diana Herbesus Acis Hymerus Saltmynes * Gergent A dauncing Fountaine A stincking Poole Vulcans Hyll See howe the deuill can worke false miracles * The Agate The Ring of king Pyrrhuâ—â— Coralagats The whole circuit of Sicilie Vâ—lcans Iles. * Maretam * Strombolie * Aâ—â—cur * Faelicaâ—â—â— * Cimera of Albany * Albanye A well of strang nature Dodon Delphos The situation of Acarnania * The Galacâ—â—â—â— or Milk-stone Scioessa * The Country about Lacedemon The storie of Arion the Mufician that was brought thether through the Sea vppon a Dolphins backe * Called also Lacedemon and now called Miâ—ithra Taygeta Inachus Epidaurus nowe called Rhagusia and Dubronik Arcady * This Fountaine was named Phineus White Mauisses The stone called Asbest The gamings of Isthmos * Now called Morea The description of Peloponnesus The true Greece Athens nowe called Satmes Mount Hymet The Fountaine Callyâ—hoe This battell waâ— betweene the Persians and Athenians Baeotia Thebae nowe called Thiua Helicon * Horsewell * Negroponâ— The Hauen of Aulis Two wonderfull Ryuers The Partriches of Baeotia The nature of Partriches in generall * Betweene Caesar and Pompey Mount Olimpus * Modon Philoctetes The bounds of Macedonie * The people of Seruia Rascia The Orestides The Gyants war agaynst Heauen The descent of the kinges of Macedoni * Which may be interpreted Goteham King Alexander a louer of Musick Kinge Archelaus a louer of Learning King Phillip Great Alexandeâ— The stone Paeantis * Romania The manners and customes of the auncient Thracians The Ryuer Hebrus Mount Haemus Abdera Democritus Of the nature and order of Cranes * It may be interpreted Goldenhorne * Constantinople * Durazo * The Sea of Constantâ—nople The nature of Swallowes * That is to say a narrow balke of grounde betweene two seas * It may be interpreted Hartsted * Dogs Tombe or dogs graue * Danow or Tonware * Corâ—u * Now Candiâ— The situation of Candy * Or Gotesea The auncient names of Candy * The blessed Ile Of things first founded in that Ile Mount Ida. The manners and customes of the auncient Candians Illusion of the deuill by walking Ghostes What thinges Candy breedetâ— * Hungarlesse * The Fingerstone * Brasselande * Negropont * Sdiles * Quaylland Of Qâ—ayleâ— and of theyr propertyes * The Quailguyde The headlond of Capharew * The Stone Sarda Naxus now called Nâ—xia Now it is called Nicaria Samos Pythagoras * Now called Mylo * Scarpanto * Stalimene The exceeding height of Mounâ— Athos * Saint Geoâ—ges arme * The Sea of Constantinople * The straighte of Constantiple and it signifieth the Oxeforde The wonderful nature of Dolphins and their loue towardes manne * Pozzolo * Neptune Tunnyes * Danow or Tonware 〈◊〉 Agats and Porphyris * They are nowe a part of Moscouia * May be interpâ—eted Fayrfeete they are also a people of Mosâ—ouia * Nepar The Neuers are now a part of Moscouia * The manners and customes of the auncient Moscouites * These were afterward called Getes and nowe are Tartarians * These also are now Tartariaâ—s * Meneaters or Cannibals * Theyr Countrey is now called Zuira Seroan Wonderful dogs of the nature and property of dogs in general Examples of the loue of dogges toward theyr Masters * It is nowe called Albanie Dogs vsed in battell The Essedons deuourers of mans fleshe * Grâ—syers * Tillmen The manners of the Vplandish Tartarians in olde time * Sebastâ—ople The wonderfull nature of the enterie into the Caspian Sea Araxes * The Arimaspes * It may be englished Fetherlande Gryffons Emerawdes Etesiaâ— Cyanies * This should seeme to be the stone called Lapis Lazulus Crystall The Hiperboreans â—he Arymphaeâ—anâ— The Cimmerians and Amazons Hircanie Of Tygers Pantherâ— A Panther and a Lybard is all one kinde of Beaste This Hearbe iâ— also called Woolfwort Lybardeâ— * Now called Nepar The Frozen Sea The water of the Caspian Sea is sweete of taste * It is nowe found to be many Ilands * They may be called Egge Ilands * Hors-feete Vnmeasurable cares Of the nature of Harts The Hearbe Dittayne The Artichoke A speciall preseruatiue against poyson A remedy against the burning Ague Gotebucks The boâ—nds the auncient Germaniâ— * They were Indwellers * Hertswalde * Elb. * Wixell Strange byrdâ— The be also câ—lled Buffles or wylde Oxen Vres Alâ—â— Sconeland * Munster taketh this beast to be the Alce * Now called Sudawe Of Amber * That is to say by the latin name of it which is Succinum The stone Callais * They may bee interpreted black â—oppes The Ceraunie or thunderstone The more part of it is now the Realme of Fraunce * The Mountaine of Geneua or the Mountaines of Auuerne * The Mountaine of Saint Claude * Sweuia * The Lake of Constance * Bauyer * Austrich anâ— Hungary * Walachy A wonderfull Oyle Britayne which nowe is England Scotland * Catenâ—sse Ireland and the