some_o domestic_a fear_n that_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o vortigern_n be_v send_v for_o the_o saxon_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o their_o common_a enemy_n i._n e._n he_o be_v very_o apprehensive_a of_o a_o sudden_a rise_n of_o the_o roman_a party_n yet_o leave_v in_o the_o island_n and_o of_o ambrose_n but_o he_o leave_v it_o whole_o in_o the_o dark_a who_o this_o ambrose_n be_v and_o what_o cause_n vortigern_n have_v to_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o 25._o gildas_n speak_v of_o ambrose_n aurelianus_n as_o of_o a_o modest_a man_n and_o as_o almost_o the_o only_a person_n of_o the_o roman_a nation_n then_o survive_v who_o parent_n be_v kill_v enjoy_v the_o purple_a and_o who_o posterity_n be_v live_v in_o gildas_n his_o time_n but_o much_o degenerate_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o their_o ancestor_n this_o be_v the_o only_a passage_n which_o give_v we_o any_o light_n into_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v repeat_v by_o 16._o bede_n who_o more_o plain_o say_v that_o his_o parent_n have_v royal_a authority_n and_o be_v kill_v who_o these_o parent_n of_o he_o be_v we_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o conjecture_v the_o 6._o british_a history_n will_v clear_v the_o matter_n if_o it_o deserve_v credit_n for_o there_o we_o read_v that_o aurelius_n ambrose_n be_v one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o constantine_n king_n of_o britain_n who_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v from_o vortigern_n after_o the_o murder_n of_o their_o brother_n constans_n by_o his_o contrivance_n but_o we_o know_v that_o constantine_n and_o his_o son_n constans_n and_o julian_n be_v kill_v abroad_o and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o roman_n will_v have_v permit_v any_o one_o of_o his_o son_n to_o have_v remain_v here_o or_o if_o they_o do_v this_o ambrose_n must_v have_v be_v of_o ripe_a year_n for_o government_n long_o before_o this_o time_n for_o constantine_n life_n be_v take_v away_o when_o theodosius_n be_v iv_o consul_n as_o idatius_n and_o marcellinus_n agree_v anno_fw-la dom._n 411._o so_o that_o ambrose_n can_v not_o be_v very_o young_a when_o vortigern_n take_v the_o government_n in_o who_o four_o year_n they_o say_v the_o saxon_n be_v call_v in_o but_o there_o be_v another_o passage_n in_o gildas_n which_o help_v to_o explain_v this_o for_o he_o say_v that_o after_o they_o find_v themselves_o desert_v by_o the_o roman_n they_o set_v up_o king_n of_o their_o own_o and_o soon_o after_o put_v they_o down_o again_o and_o make_v choice_n of_o worse_a in_o their_o room_n this_o set_n up_o of_o king_n he_o express_v by_o their_o be_v anoint_v whether_o that_o custom_n be_v then_o use_v or_o not_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o britain_n in_o that_o confusion_n they_o be_v in_o take_v upon_o they_o without_o regard_n to_o their_o duty_n to_o place_n and_o displace_v they_o but_o that_o he_o take_v anoint_v in_o a_o metaphorical_a sense_n appear_v by_o what_o follow_v that_o the_o anointer_n be_v those_o who_o destroy_v they_o among_o these_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v the_o father_n of_o ambrose_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v say_v he_o be_v of_o roman_a descent_n for_o the_o britain_n thought_n none_o then_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o that_o have_v not_o a_o roman_a spirit_n in_o he_o at_o this_o time_n the_o britain_n be_v leave_v to_o their_o full_a liberty_n by_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o as_o 11._o bede_n reckon_v have_v the_o dominion_n here_o for_o 470_o year_n and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o line_n remain_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o government_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o to_o determine_v their_o choice_n which_o make_v they_o so_o easy_o to_o make_v and_o unmake_v their_o king_n who_o lose_v their_o purple_a and_o their_o life_n together_o this_o must_v needs_o breed_v infinite_a confusion_n among_o they_o and_o every_o one_o who_o come_v to_o be_v king_n live_v in_o perpetual_a fear_n of_o be_v serve_v as_o other_o have_v be_v before_o he_o and_o the_o natural_a consequence_n of_o this_o jealousy_n of_o their_o own_o subject_n be_v look_v out_o for_o assistence_n from_o abroad_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o be_v one_o great_a reason_n of_o vortigern_n send_v for_o the_o saxon_n hope_v to_o secure_v himself_o by_o their_o mean_n against_o his_o own_o people_n although_o it_o prove_v at_o last_o the_o ruin_n both_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n but_o this_o jealousy_n can_v not_o but_o increase_v upon_o they_o while_o there_o be_v a_o person_n descend_v from_o a_o former_a king_n and_o of_o roman_a parentage_n in_o be_v so_o that_o nennius_n seem_v to_o have_v hit_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o main_a reason_n which_o sway_v vortigern_n to_o send_v for_o the_o saxon_n 40._o some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o defend_v vortigern_n so_o far_o as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o take_v the_o most_o prudent_a course_n he_o can_v for_o the_o benefit_n and_o security_n of_o his_o subject_n by_o place_v the_o saxon_n upon_o the_o pict_n wall_n and_o upon_o the_o kentish_a shore_n which_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o roman_n but_o against_o who_o be_v it_o not_o against_o these_o very_a saxon_n and_o be_v it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o secure_v the_o flock_n to_o set_v the_o wolf_n to_o watch_v they_o if_o they_o have_v the_o command_n of_o those_o shore_n can_v not_o they_o let_v in_o what_o number_n they_o please_v of_o their_o own_o people_n to_o strengthen_v themselves_o against_o the_o britain_n and_o be_v this_o for_o the_o people_n security_n what_o success_n have_v there_o be_v in_o that_o age_n in_o let_v in_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n upon_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o what_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o the_o britain_n be_v in_o otherwise_o than_o what_o do_v happen_v when_o a_o fierce_a ungovernable_a military_a people_n be_v call_v in_o to_o defend_v a_o nation_n so_o long_o keep_v under_o and_o whole_o almost_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o exercise_n of_o brutish_a valour_n and_o unexperienced_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n especial_o when_o the_o air_n situation_n fruitfulness_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o conveniency_n be_v so_o much_o above_o those_o of_o the_o country_n which_o they_o come_v from_o so_o that_o gildas_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n when_o he_o attribute_n this_o act_n of_o vortigern_n with_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o nation_n to_o mere_a sottishness_n and_o infatuation_n 3._o witikindus_n tell_v a_o formal_a story_n of_o a_o speech_n make_v by_o the_o british_a ambassador_n to_o the_o saxon_n wherein_o they_o magnify_v the_o saxon_n courage_n and_o lament_v their_o own_o misery_n and_o in_o short_a tell_v they_o if_o they_o will_v come_v and_o help_v they_o their_o land_n and_o themselves_o will_v be_v at_o their_o service_n for_o they_o know_v none_o more_o worthy_a to_o command_v they_o since_o the_o roman_n have_v leave_v they_o but_o neither_o bede_n nor_o ethelwerd_v although_o both_o saxon_n mention_v the_o least_o promise_n of_o submission_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o their_o quarrel_n with_o the_o britain_n afterward_o that_o they_o come_v as_o mercenary_a soldier_n upon_o promise_n of_o pay_n for_o 23._o gildas_n say_v the_o first_o pretence_n of_o quarrel_v be_v for_o great_a allowance_n which_o he_o call_v their_o epimenia_n and_o bede_n annonae_fw-la which_o show_v upon_o what_o term_n they_o come_v and_o witikindus_n himself_o make_v no_o other_o pretence_n for_o their_o rise_n against_o the_o britain_n but_o that_o the_o country_n please_v they_o and_o they_o find_v they_o be_v able_a to_o subdue_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o after_o hengist_n and_o his_o company_n have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o it_o they_o never_o leave_v wheedle_v that_o weak_a and_o vicious_a king_n as_o all_o describe_v he_o with_o fair_a promise_n and_o necessity_n of_o more_o succour_n to_o secure_v himself_o and_o to_o defend_v his_o country_n till_o they_o have_v by_o degree_n get_v over_o strength_n enough_o to_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o britain_n at_o first_o they_o seem_v very_o zealous_a and_o hearty_a against_o their_o common_a enemy_n and_o do_v great_a service_n in_o beat_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o 5._o buchanan_n confess_v they_o be_v drive_v beyond_o adrian_n be_v wall_n and_o some_o think_v their_o king_n eugenius_n be_v then_o kill_v 14._o fordon_n say_v they_o go_v into_o albany_n and_o bring_v away_o great_a booty_n from_o thence_o and_o confess_v that_o he_o find_v in_o a_o certain_a history_n that_o he_o be_v kill_v south_n of_o humber_n by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o english_a and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o insolent_a such_o a_o barbarous_a people_n will_v grow_v upon_o their_o success_n when_o they_o know_v the_o britain_n dare_v not_o oppose_v they_o 15._o bede_n say_v that_o they_o enter_v into_o a_o secret_a league_n with_o the_o
with_o those_o king_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o secret_a conspiracy_n nor_o with_o open_a usurper_n such_o as_o nathalocus_n and_o donald_n of_o the_o isle_n but_o i_o only_o set_v down_o what_o these_o historian_n deliver_v as_o to_o the_o right_n and_o authority_n which_o the_o noble_n assume_v to_o themselves_o in_o case_n of_o maladministration_n to_o show_v that_o if_o these_o man_n account_n must_v be_v receive_v the_o head_n of_o the_o clann_n do_v not_o part_n with_o their_o share_n in_o the_o government_n so_o much_o but_o upon_o occasion_n they_o do_v resume_v it_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v be_v apt_a to_o suspect_v from_o the_o controversy_n about_o regency_n at_o the_o time_n when_o hector_n write_v that_o all_o this_o history_n of_o the_o first_o race_n of_o king_n be_v frame_v on_o purpose_n out_o of_o ill_a will_n to_o the_o monarchy_n 396._o and_o with_o a_o design_n to_o advance_v the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o now_o let_v any_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o monarchy_n judge_n whether_o those_o who_o shorten_v the_o royal_a line_n or_o those_o who_o so_o earnest_o contend_v for_o this_o story_n of_o fergus_n and_o his_o successor_n be_v more_o liable_a to_o be_v charge_v with_o any_o degree_n of_o lese-majesty_n 28._o 4._o but_o after_o all_o the_o advocate_n say_v that_o fordon_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o their_o historian_n affirm_v that_o fergus_n make_v himself_o king_n 36._o indeed_n fordon_n do_v say_v that_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferard_n as_o he_o call_v he_o hear_v there_o be_v many_o scot_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o albion_n live_v without_o order_n and_o government_n and_o hear_v a_o good_a account_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v prompt_v by_o his_o ambition_n to_o go_v over_o to_o they_o and_o take_v with_o he_o a_o good_a number_n of_o young_a man_n he_o gather_v together_o the_o disperse_a scot_n and_o join_v they_o all_o together_o in_o the_o western_a part_n he_o make_v himself_o king_n over_o they_o which_o be_v no_o improbable_a account_n but_o fordon_n say_v not_o a_o word_n of_o all_o the_o former_a passage_n in_o the_o other_o historian_n and_o if_o fordon_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o their_o historian_n what_o become_v of_o veremundus_n and_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n the_o two_o great_a supporter_n of_o hector_n boethius_n his_o history_n if_o they_o be_v after_o fordon_n how_o come_v they_o to_o be_v so_o well_o instruct_v in_o so_o many_o particular_n in_o the_o first_o succession_n which_o fordon_n be_v whole_o unacquainted_a with_o 2._o i_o can_v deny_v that_o fordon_n speak_v of_o the_o coronation_n of_o alexander_n iii_o as_o he_o call_v he_o mention_n a_o old_a highlander_n who_o in_o the_o irish_a tongue_n repeat_v the_o genealogy_n of_o their_o king_n backward_o as_o far_o as_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferquard_n but_o therein_o he_o come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o number_n either_o in_o fordon_n or_o hector_n boethius_n and_o have_v very_o considerable_a difference_n from_o the_o account_n either_o in_o he_o or_o in_o lesly_n and_o buchanan_n for_o after_o fergus_n he_o leave_v out_o feritharis_n and_o make_v main_a his_o next_o successor_n the_o next_o he_o call_v arindal_n who_o they_o call_v dornadilla_n his_o son_n roveyn_n they_o nothatus_n and_o his_o rether_n be_v the_o same_o with_o their_o reuther_n but_o here_o they_o interpose_v a_o reutha_n to_o make_v their_o story_n agree_v with_o bede_n reuda_n but_o this_o genealogist_n next_o name_n there_o who_o they_o call_v thereus_n and_o his_o son_n rosin_n but_o they_o say_v josina_n succeed_v thereus_n be_v his_o brother_n after_o this_o we_o find_v a_o great_a difference_n for_o instead_o of_o finnanus_fw-la durstus_n euenus_n gillus_n euenus_n ii_o ederus_n euenus_n iii_o metellanus_n caratacus_n we_o find_v there_o only_a dethach_n jaw_n aliela_n even_o ederskeol_n comermore_o some_o agreement_n there_o be_v but_o a_o far_o great_a diversity_n and_o hector_n famous_a caratacus_n quite_o omit_v then_o succeed_v corbre_n who_o they_o call_v corbr_v after_o he_o daradiamore_n by_o they_o style_v dardanus_n then_o another_o corbre_n instead_o of_o their_o galdus_n and_o then_o luthach_n lugtacus_fw-la in_o they_o then_o mogalama_n their_o mogallus_n coner_n their_o conarus_n ethath_n their_o ethodius_n fiachrath_n their_o satrahel_n then_o another_o ethath_fw-mi who_o they_o call_v ethodius_n ii_o before_o who_o they_o place_n king_n donald_n in_o who_o time_n they_o say_v christianity_n be_v first_o receive_v in_o scotland_n who_o be_v utter_o exclude_v by_o this_o ancient_a genealogy_n for_o after_o this_o ethodius_n follow_v in_o it_o athirkiwr_fw-mi which_o be_v their_o athirco_n than_o findachar_n which_o be_v their_o findocus_n and_o so_o nathalocus_n be_v shut_v out_o and_o so_o after_o he_o be_v the_o two_o donald_n for_o the_o next_o that_o follow_v be_v thrinklind_n who_o they_o call_v crathlintus_n then_o fencormach_n their_o fincormacus_n after_o he_o romaich_n their_o romachus_n then_o enegussa_n which_o be_v plain_o their_o angusianus_n and_o fethelmech_v their_o fetelmachus_fw-la then_o engusafich_a and_o etheat_v instead_o of_o which_o they_o put_v eugenius_n and_o ethodius_n his_o brother_n who_o both_o make_v grandfather_n to_o fergus_n ii_o who_o father_n they_o call_v erthus_n but_o the_o ancient_a genealogy_n and_o fordon_n eirch_n now_o by_o compare_v this_o genealogy_n and_o hector_n boethius_n together_o i_o be_o convince_v that_o he_o do_v not_o forge_v all_o the_o name_n of_o his_o first_o race_n of_o king_n between_o the_o two_o ferguss_n but_o yet_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v 1._o that_o hector_n do_v insert_v many_o thing_n contrary_a to_o this_o ancient_a genealogy_n and_o when_o he_o do_v so_o he_o have_v some_o end_n to_o serve_v in_o it_o as_o when_o he_o put_v in_o regent_n which_v the_o genealogy_n never_o own_v but_o this_o be_v to_o support_v his_o law_n of_o incapacity_n but_o in_o all_o this_o genealogy_n there_o be_v a_o direct_a lineal_a descent_n and_o when_o he_o put_v in_o reutha_n it_o be_v to_o answer_v bede_n reuda_n and_o galdus_n for_o tacitus_n his_o galgacus_n and_o caratacus_n for_o the_o famous_a british_a king_n of_o that_o name_n and_o king_n donald_n to_o answer_v our_o king_n lucius_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o christian_a king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pope_n next_o succeed_v eleutherius_fw-la 2._o that_o this_o genealogy_n may_v be_v allow_v without_o any_o advantage_n to_o the_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scotland_n from_o fergus_n i._o so_o long_o before_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n for_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o this_o ancient_a genealogist_n do_v very_o much_o shorten_v the_o succession_n between_o fergus_n ii_o and_o this_o alexander_n for_o he_o leave_v out_o eugenius_n ii_o and_o make_v dongard_a to_o succeed_v he_o after_o he_o cobren_n and_o then_o edanius_fw-la whereas_o here_o they_o insert_v constantius_n i._n congallus_n conranus_n eugenius_n iii_o convallus_n kinnatillus_n between_o dongard_n and_o aidanus_fw-la after_o he_o he_o name_v his_o son_n occahebind_v 38._o who_o fordon_n call_v eothodius-bind_a which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o same_o with_o eugenius_n and_o about_o he_o hector_z boethius_n as_o buchanan_n observe_v 45._o contradict_v the_o book_n of_o pasly_n for_o this_o say_v he_o live_v in_o continual_a war_n and_o the_o other_o that_o he_o enjoy_v a_o constant_a peace_n so_o that_o boethius_n slight_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o ancient_a annal_n next_o after_o he_o they_o place_v ferquard_v of_o who_o the_o genealogy_n say_v nothing_o at_o all_o 41._o fordon_n next_o to_o nothing_o in_o cujus_fw-la nihil_fw-la actum_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la say_v he_o but_o the_o other_o historian_n tell_v sad_a story_n of_o his_o vicious_a life_n and_o tragical_a end_n after_o eugenius_n in_o the_o genealogy_n we_o find_v donewald_n breck_n fordon_n say_v 45._o he_o die_v after_o 14_o year_n reign_n and_o to_o he_o succeed_v ferquard_v his_o brother_n son_n not_o mention_v in_o the_o genealogy_n nor_o malduinus_n son_n to_o donald_n for_o the_o next_o be_v ethac_fw-la i._n e._n eugenius_n and_o here_o they_o put_v in_o another_o eugenius_n ambirkelethus_n eugenius_n viii_o and_o mordacus_n between_o ethac_fw-la and_o ethfin_n whereas_o the_o genealogist_n make_v ethafind_v son_n to_o ethdre_n to_o who_o succeed_v ethas_n i._n e._n eugenius_n viii_o in_o their_o account_n after_o he_o follow_v alphin_n but_o between_o these_o they_o have_v insert_v fergus_n iii_o solvathius_n achaius_n convallus_n and_o dongallus_n they_o all_o agree_v with_o the_o genealogist_n that_o kenneth_n immediate_o succeed_v alphin_n but_o then_o follow_v a_o wonderful_a difference_n for_o here_o they_o put_v in_o no_o few_o than_o 13_o king_n between_o kenneth_n and_o malcolm_n the_o son_n of_o kenneth_n who_o the_o genealogist_n place_n next_o after_o he_o then_o follow_v duncan_n in_o all_o between_o who_o and_o malcolm_n canmoir_n they_o put_v in_o machabaeus_n after_z
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a_o learned_a historian_n antiquary_n and_o critic_n 5._o as_o to_o the_o spanish_a which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o french_a what_o relate_v to_o their_o antiquity_n before_o the_o roman_n war_n in_o spain_n we_o grant_v to_o be_v parallel_n with_o they_o for_o although_o strabo_n say_v 96._o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n and_o have_v some_o record_n of_o ancient_a time_n among_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v utter_o lose_v and_o although_o reinesius_n de_fw-fr deo_fw-la endovellico_fw-la seem_v to_o think_v that_o annius_n have_v some_o fragment_n of_o those_o antiquity_n which_o he_o mix_v with_o his_o own_o invention_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o he_o will_v then_o have_v allege_v the_o old_a spanish_a record_n and_o not_o have_v father_v his_o antiquity_n on_o person_n so_o remote_a as_o berosus_n and_o manetho_n but_o if_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n and_o record_n among_o they_o may_v not_o the_o irish_a and_o scotish_n derive_v both_o from_o they_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o come_n of_o the_o irish_a immediate_o from_o spain_n and_o not_o from_o britain_n be_v not_o so_o evident_o prove_v that_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v build_v upon_o it_o camden_n and_o sir_n james_n ware_n two_o learned_a antiquary_n both_o think_v ireland_n first_o people_v from_o britain_n 11._o and_o camden_n offer_v good_a reason_n for_o his_o assertion_n as_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o british_a and_o irish_a language_n in_o very_a many_o word_n the_o similitude_n of_o custom_n and_o manner_n it_o be_v be_v ancient_o call_v the_o lesser_a britain_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n britain_n the_o conveniency_n of_o passage_n from_o britain_n thither_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o far_o great_a moment_n than_o any_o thing_n bring_v to_o prove_v the_o legend_n of_o gathelus_n and_o scota_n and_o their_o posterity_n come_v out_o of_o spain_n but_o because_o this_o opinion_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o scoti_n in_o ireland_n from_o whence_o they_o certain_o go_v into_o scotland_n as_o be_v now_o confess_v on_o all_o hand_n therefore_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v this_o matter_n by_o propose_v what_o seem_v most_o probable_a to_o i_o concern_v the_o first_o people_n of_o these_o island_n we_o be_v then_o to_o consider_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a geographer_n as_o strabo_n observe_v out_o of_o ephorus_n 23._o divide_v the_o then_o know_a world_n into_o four_o part_n the_o eastern_a they_o call_v india_n the_o southern_a aethiopia_n the_o western_a celtia_n and_o the_o northern_a scythia_n and_o in_o the_o european_a part_n they_o know_v but_o of_o two_o nation_n beside_o the_o greek_n and_o those_o be_v the_o celtae_n and_o the_o scythae_n those_o that_o inhabit_v northward_o say_v strabo_n 22._o be_v call_v scythae_n and_o those_o to_o the_o west_n celtae_n who_o be_v likewise_o call_v iberi_n and_o celtiberi_fw-la as_o he_o affirm_v and_o these_o people_a spain_n and_o gaul_n and_o from_o thence_o spread_v into_o the_o neighbour_n country_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n come_v over_o into_o britain_n which_o in_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la common_o attribute_v to_o aristotle_n but_o by_o buchanan_n to_o theophrastus_n be_v say_v together_o with_o ireland_n which_o be_v both_o there_o call_v the_o british_a island_n to_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o scythae_n and_o the_o celtae_n but_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o much_o near_o in_o gaul_n that_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a to_o believe_v the_o first_o habitation_n here_o be_v by_o the_o celtae_n agric._n who_o come_v from_o thence_o and_o tacitus_n true_o observe_v the_o agreement_n be_v so_o very_o great_a between_o the_o gaul_n and_o the_o old_a britain_n that_o although_o he_o suspect_v the_o silures_n may_v come_v immediate_o from_o spain_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o iberi_fw-la which_o strabo_n say_v be_v a_o more_o general_a name_n and_o some_o of_o these_o go_v into_o ireland_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n he_o conclude_v all_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o britain_n to_o have_v be_v people_v immediate_o from_o gaul_n but_o as_o to_o the_o caledonian_n he_o affirm_v they_o to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o german_a extraction_n i._n e._n take_v germany_n in_o the_o extent_n he_o take_v it_o in_o which_o go_v as_o far_o as_o sarmatia_n and_o take_v in_o scandinavia_n from_o whence_o in_o probability_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v first_o people_v it_o be_v true_a that_o tacitus_n call_v they_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o celtae_n and_o however_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o interest_n against_o the_o roman_n as_o galgacus_n show_v in_o his_o excellent_a speech_n to_o they_o yet_o tacitus_n we_o see_v make_v they_o of_o a_o different_a extraction_n and_o these_o be_v original_o from_o the_o european_a scythae_n or_o from_o scandinavia_n which_o be_v abundant_o people_v and_o supply_v other_o country_n as_o jornandes_n say_v 4._o and_o that_o they_o be_v provide_v of_o ship_n very_o early_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o pict_n and_o beside_o what_o be_v there_o say_v to_o show_v that_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o those_o northern_a part_n be_v then_o call_v scythian_n scymnus_n chius_n late_o publish_v out_o of_o holstenius_fw-la his_o paper_n affirm_v that_o the_o scythian_n extend_v from_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n to_o country_n whole_o unknown_a to_o the_o greek_n 378._o for_o be_v tempt_v by_o the_o river_n as_o olaus_n rudbeck_n conjecture_n 10._o have_v no_o skill_n in_o navigation_n or_o astronomy_n and_o the_o wood_n in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o world_n be_v unpassable_a the_o people_n still_o go_v far_a and_o far_o by_o the_o river_n side_n till_o at_o last_o find_v themselves_o bound_v by_o the_o vast_a mountain_n in_o those_o northern_a part_n and_o the_o sea_n beyond_o
they_o they_o sit_v down_o there_o and_o in_o time_n so_o replenish_v those_o part_n that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o discharge_v themselves_o by_o send_v colony_n abroad_o to_o which_o end_n they_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o from_o thence_o these_o scythian_n come_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n where_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o caledonian_n and_o upon_o new_a supply_n come_v after_o the_o roman_n have_v subdue_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v then_o call_v pict_n but_o of_o these_o thing_n afterward_o that_o which_o i_o now_o design_n be_v to_o show_v that_o some_o of_o these_o scythae_n be_v encourage_v by_o the_o adventure_n of_o other_o who_o have_v settle_v in_o britain_n pass_v by_o the_o northern_a island_n and_o go_v into_o ireland_n and_o so_o the_o celtae_n from_o britain_n who_o be_v call_v iberi_n in_o strabo_n and_o these_o scythae_n meet_v there_o as_o they_o do_v in_o britain_n but_o britain_n still_o retain_v its_o name_n and_o therefore_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o those_o who_o remain_v there_o their_o country_n be_v call_v ibernia_n from_o the_o iberi_fw-la and_o scotia_n from_o these_o scythae_n for_o say_v walsingham_n neustriae_fw-la scythae_n schythici_fw-la scoti_n scotici_n be_v all_o one_o which_o he_o take_v from_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la imag._n histor._n ad_fw-la a._n 1185._o and_o nennius_n express_o call_v they_o schythae_fw-la and_o gildas_n the_o irish_a sea_n vallem_fw-la scythicam_fw-la and_o alfred_n in_o the_o english_a translation_n of_o orosius_n call_v the_o scot_n scyttan_n and_o the_o german_n both_o scythian_n and_o scot_n scutten_n and_o the_o old_a britain_n yscot_n â—6_n as_o cambden_n have_v already_o observe_v and_o it_o be_v considerable_a that_o a_o late_a irish_a antiquary_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o part_n of_o their_o country_n in_o their_o own_o language_n be_v call_v gaethluighe_n 67._o i._n e._n gothland_n from_o the_o goth_n or_o scythian_n who_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o he_o rather_o think_v the_o getuli_n a_o people_n of_o africa_n give_v the_o name_n but_o of_o their_o come_n into_o ireland_n there_o be_v no_o probability_n and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o say_v that_o lamfinnus_fw-la be_v the_o first_o who_o bring_v a_o colony_n thither_o out_o of_o scythia_n which_o he_o prove_v out_o of_o one_o of_o their_o most_o ancient_a monument_n 40._o and_o colganus_n observe_v on_o the_o life_n of_o st._n cladroe_n that_o whereas_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o scota_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v pharaoh_n be_v daughter_n the_o true_a name_n he_o say_v be_v scytha_n and_o that_o name_n be_v give_v she_o because_o her_o husband_n come_v from_o scythia_n 350._o and_o the_o same_o antiquary_n confess_v that_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o their_o ancient_a record_n that_o they_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o scythian_n and_o kete_v himself_o he_o say_v at_o last_o yield_v it_o and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o scota_n be_v give_v because_o the_o milesian_n race_n come_v out_o of_o scythia_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o people_n of_o ireland_n from_o britain_n and_o scandinavia_n 3._o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n from_o their_o best_a record_n do_v speak_v of_o two_o great_a colony_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o britain_n the_o one_o of_o the_o belgae_n of_o which_o slangius_fw-la or_o slanius_fw-la be_v the_o head_n who_o be_v the_o first_o monarch_n of_o ireland_n wherein_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la be_v confess_v to_o agree_v with_o their_o own_o antiquity_n 57_o and_o another_o of_o the_o dannanae_fw-la from_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n under_o nuadus_fw-la 10._o but_o beside_o both_o these_o and_o long_o after_o they_o they_o place_v the_o dynasty_a of_o the_o scot_n or_o scythian_n under_o herimon_n 86._o and_o the_o psaltir_v na-rann_a a_o book_n of_o great_a authority_n among_o they_o say_v that_o herimon_n be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n 2._o and_o in_o his_o time_n they_o say_v the_o pict_n follow_v they_o thither_o but_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v too_o soon_o however_o that_o they_o come_v from_o the_o same_o part_n will_v appear_v very_o probable_a from_o what_o bede_n speak_v of_o the_o pict_n come_v from_o scythia_n i_o e._n scandinavia_n in_o their_o long_a boat_n 1._o and_o be_v carry_v by_o tempest_n to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o ireland_n he_o say_v they_o there_o find_v gentem_fw-la scotorum_fw-la i._n e._n their_o countryman_n the_o scythian_n and_o they_o will_v fain_o have_v settle_v there_o with_o they_o and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o treat_v we_o find_v no_o difficulty_n as_o to_o their_o understanding_n one_o another_o which_o there_o will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o scot_n have_v come_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o pict_n out_o of_o scandinavia_n i_o know_v bede_n there_o make_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n language_n to_o be_v different_a but_o so_o they_o may_v be_v in_o continuance_n of_o time_n although_o at_o first_o of_o the_o same_o original_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o several_a language_n now_o in_o europe_n derive_v from_o the_o original_a gothick_n or_o scythick_n tongue_n which_o be_v mother_n to_o most_o of_o they_o only_o the_o celtic_a and_o latin_a be_v mix_v with_o it_o but_o to_o return_v to_o bede_n he_o say_v the_o scot_n persuade_v the_o pict_n to_o go_v to_o britain_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n as_o the_o britain_n have_v do_v of_o the_o southern_a after_o this_o they_o obtain_v wife_n from_o the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n which_o show_v familiarity_n and_o mutual_a confidence_n as_o be_v of_o the_o same_o extraction_n and_o the_o pict_n engage_v that_o in_o a_o disputable_a case_n the_o scotish_n line_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o their_o own_o in_o process_n of_o time_n say_v bede_n some_o of_o the_o scot_n themselves_o hear_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o 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spaniard_n a._n d._n 1076._o who_o dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o malcolm_n can-more_a and_o joh._n campbell_n turgott_n and_o alredus_n rivallensis_n who_o write_v of_o their_o affair_n before_o fordon_n 29._o and_o he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v veremundus_n can_v not_o be_v counterfeit_v by_o hector_n boethius_n because_o he_o be_v cite_v by_o balaeus_n holinsh_v gesner_n chamber_n and_o because_o hector_n give_v a_o account_n to_o james_n v._o that_o he_o be_v send_v he_o from_o icolmkill_n which_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o what_o he_o say_v about_o their_o old_a history_n before_o fordon_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o here_o we_o have_v a_o very_a formal_a pedigree_n of_o historian_n which_o may_v with_o equal_a probability_n have_v be_v carry_v back_o to_o gathelus_n his_o first_o come_v out_o of_o egypt_n for_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o suppose_v so_o great_a a_o prince_n and_o son_n to_o a_o king_n of_o
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cumulos_fw-la flevit_fw-la glacialis_fw-la jerne_n he_o say_v this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o ireland_n 85._o but_o of_o a_o country_n of_o scotland_n of_o that_o name_n near_o to_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o camp_n the_o remainder_n whereof_o be_v still_o discernible_a and_o in_o which_o there_o be_v stone_n find_v with_o roman_a inscription_n design_v the_o station_n of_o the_o legion_n and_o strathern_a in_o scotland_n be_v more_o subject_n to_o long_a frost_n than_o ireland_n be_v this_o i_o confess_v be_v ingenious_o observe_v but_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o the_o roman_a inscription_n prove_v as_o to_o the_o scot_n be_v in_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n if_o the_o question_n be_v about_o the_o roman_n they_o will_v be_v of_o some_o use_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o strathern_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n ern_n and_o the_o country_n may_v in_o latin_a be_v call_v jerne_n from_o thence_o but_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o claudian_a 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buchanan_n understand_v this_o of_o ireland_n 16._o 103._o 3._o he_o urge_v the_o great_a improbability_n that_o the_o scot_n shall_v manage_v so_o long_a a_o war_n for_o 600_o year_n and_o not_o settle_v in_o britain_n but_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v beg_v the_o question_n for_o the_o dispute_n be_v how_o long_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n do_v make_v war_n upon_o the_o britain_n claudian_n say_v in_o his_o time_n the_o scot_n come_v from_o jerne_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n foam_n with_o their_o oar_n gildas_n say_v the_o irish_a usual_o return_v home_o epist._n intend_v to_o come_v back_o and_o the_o pict_n then_o rest_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o farthermost_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n why_o shall_v not_o gildas_n have_v say_v that_o the_o irish_a and_o pict_n go_v back_o to_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o island_n if_o they_o both_o inhabit_v there_o at_o that_o time_n if_o gildas_n his_o authority_n be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a enough_o to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n jossel_n for_o 1._o upon_o maximus_n his_o withdraw_v the_o roman_a legion_n and_o british_a infantry_n which_o never_o return_v he_o say_v the_o britain_n be_v then_o first_o infest_a with_o two_o cruel_a transmarine_a nation_n the_o scot_n from_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o pict_n from_o the_o north._n if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o war_n of_o 600_o year_n from_o before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n as_o the_o advocate_n say_v how_o come_v gildas_n to_o be_v so_o extreme_o mistake_v as_o to_o say_v the_o first_o war_n begin_v after_o maximus_n his_o withdraw_v the_o roman_a militia_n 14._o 2._o he_o still_o speak_v of_o their_o come_n by_o sea_n and_o carry_v away_o their_o anniversary_n prey_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o trans_fw-la maria_fw-la fugaverunt_fw-la say_v he_o of_o the_o roman_a force_n drive_v they_o back_o how_o come_v gildas_n still_o to_o mention_v the_o sea_n if_o they_o then_o inhabit_v the_o same_o island_n 103._o but_o the_o advocate_n say_v that_o by_o sea_n the_o frith_n be_v understand_v and_o that_o in_o their_o old_a law_n the_o frith_n of_o forth_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la scotiae_fw-la the_o sea_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o frith_n of_o dumbritton_n be_v call_v one_o part_n of_o the_o mare_n scoticum_n by_o the_o english_a author_n and_o this_o passage_n to_o and_o fro_o he_o make_v to_o be_v easy_a but_o the_o other_o home_n to_o ireland_n almost_o impossible_a with_o their_o boat_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n from_o whence_o he_o say_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n be_v hypothesis_n be_v absurd_a and_o incredible_a but_o his_o very_a consistent_a to_o clear_v this_o we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o to_o make_v these_o frith_n to_o be_v call_v sea_n not_o improper_o he_o say_v 103._o they_o be_v 40_o mile_n broad_a in_o some_o place_n and_o so_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o difficult_a over_o they_o than_o from_o ireland_n to_o scotland_n for_o as_o camden_n observe_v 706._o there_o be_v hardly_o 13_o mile_n distance_n between_o some_o part_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n but_o this_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o consistency_n of_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o bishop_n 2._o the_o irish_a writer_n say_v 254._o their_o currogh_n or_o light_a boat_n cover_v with_o leather_n be_v very_o convenient_a for_o transport_v a_o army_n though_o not_o so_o proper_a for_o a_o sea-fight_n adamnanus_fw-la in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n columba_n describe_v one_o of_o they_o in_o which_o st._n cormac_n go_v to_o sea_n lection_n with_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o with_o sail_n and_o oar_n and_o a_o capacity_n for_o passenger_n and_o he_o say_v he_o be_v out_o at_o sea_n 14_o day_n northward_o in_o it_o now_o what_o absurdity_n or_o incredibility_n be_v there_o in_o it_o that_o such_o vessel_n shall_v convey_v the_o irish_a forward_o and_o backward_o over_o so_o narrow_a
wonder_v at_o the_o advocate_n be_v look_v on_o baronius_n as_o more_o disintere_v when_o the_o conversion_n from_o a_o pope_n be_v in_o question_n which_o show_v he_o to_o be_v such_o a_o stranger_n to_o baronius_n that_o one_o will_v think_v he_o have_v never_o look_v into_o he_o for_o dempster_n be_v displease_v with_o baronius_n 6._o as_o one_o injurious_a to_o their_o nation_n as_o to_o this_o first_o conversion_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o christian_n in_o scotland_n before_o palladius_n but_o such_o as_o flee_v thither_o out_o of_o this_o part_n of_o britain_n because_o of_o persecution_n and_o baronius_n do_v wonder_n that_o such_o a_o conversion_n shall_v be_v omit_v not_o only_o by_o bede_n but_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n 2._o 5._o the_o magdeburgian_n century_n he_o say_v 117._o agree_v with_o baronius_n and_o these_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o ecclesiastic_a history_n to_o the_o professor_n of_o both_o religion_n he_o have_v as_o good_a have_v say_v they_o be_v the_o 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that_o after_o so_o many_o new_a discovery_n to_o make_v these_o the_o standard_n be_v almost_o as_o absurd_a as_o to_o make_v ptolemy_n the_o standard_n for_o modern_a geography_n we_o do_v not_o disparage_v what_o he_o have_v do_v when_o we_o say_v many_o thing_n have_v be_v find_v out_o since_o his_o time_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n into_o scotland_n 114._o the_o advocate_n insist_o on_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o bede_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n in_o the_o circumstance_n of_o his_o be_v send_v into_o ireland_n 119._o 3._o that_o dr._n hammond_n yield_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v convert_v before_o celestine_n be_v time_n 122._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o palladius_n be_v send_v bishop_n to_o they_o to_o these_o particular_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o distinct_a answer_n 1._o to_o bede_n testimony_n he_o affirm_v 13._o that_o in_o the_o eight_o of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a palladius_n be_v send_v by_o celestine_n the_o first_o bishop_n to_o the_o scot_n believe_v in_o christ._n wherein_o bede_n only_o apply_v prosper_n word_n to_o the_o eight_o of_o theodosius_n which_o he_o have_v place_v under_o bassus_n and_o antiochus_n consul_n but_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v whether_o these_o scot_n be_v in_o ireland_n or_o in_o britain_n but_o the_o advocate_n say_v all_o that_o which_o bede_n say_v before_o and_o after_o concern_v the_o scot_n relate_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n and_o therefore_o these_o word_n be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v whereas_o bede_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n declare_v that_o ireland_n be_v the_o proper_a country_n of_o the_o scot_n 1._o and_o that_o dumbritton_n frith_n do_v ancient_o separate_v the_o pict_n and_o the_o britain_n but_o the_o scot_n come_v afterward_o to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o that_o frith_n there_o settle_v themselves_o which_o word_n do_v evident_o prove_v that_o bede_n do_v not_o look_v on_o the_o scot_n as_o ancient_a inhabitant_n there_o for_o than_o he_o will_v have_v say_v that_o the_o frith_n do_v antiquitus_fw-la gentem_fw-la britonum_fw-la à _fw-la scotis_n secernere_fw-la but_o he_o never_o mention_n the_o scot_n but_o the_o pict_n as_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n on_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o frith_n but_o say_v the_o advocate_n 60._o bede_n be_v title_n of_o his_o chapter_n be_v of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o britain_n and_o he_o mention_n the_o scot_n among_o they_o very_o true_a but_o shall_v not_o bede_n explain_v himself_o who_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n viz._n the_o britain_n and_o pict_n for_o by_o the_o advocate_n be_v reason_v the_o saxon_n will_v be_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v in_o britain_n before_o julius_n caesar_n as_o well_o as_o the_o scot_n for_o they_o make_v up_o one_o of_o the_o five_o nation_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o first_o chapter_n and_o so_o bede_n do_v not_o only_o settle_v the_o scot_n and_o the_o pict_n in_o this_o country_n by_o his_o first_o chapter_n but_o the_o english_a too_o and_o it_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a sagacity_n that_o can_v discover_v this_o chapter_n in_o bede_n 65._o to_o be_v clear_a to_o a_o demonstration_n that_o he_o make_v the_o scot_n to_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n in_o britain_n whereas_o to_o my_o dull_a apprehension_n bede_n be_v clear_a the_o other_o way_n 146._o but_o the_o advocate_n proceed_v to_o show_v that_o the_o name_n of_o scot_n do_v original_o belong_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n and_o only_o by_o way_n of_o communication_n to_o those_o in_o ireland_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o the_o purpose_n if_o it_o be_v prove_v and_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o more_o care_n in_o do_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o new_a and_o singular_a a_o opinion_n for_o even_o buchanan_n say_v that_o the_o irish_a be_v at_o first_o call_v scot_n 16._o and_o from_o thence_o they_o pass_v into_o albany_n 18.2_o and_o that_o by_o the_o name_n scot_n their_o come_n from_o the_o irish_a be_v declare_v joh._n major_n say_v 9_o that_o scotia_n among_o their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o common_a name_n for_o ireland_n and_o if_o their_o ancient_a annal_n may_v be_v believe_v the_o name_n of_o scot_n come_v from_o scota_n the_o wife_n of_o gathelus_n who_o posterity_n go_v first_o into_o ireland_n and_o then_o carry_v the_o name_n into_o scotland_n in_o fordon_n and_o elphinston_n there_o be_v another_o scota_n mention_v as_o a_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o colony_n into_o ireland_n who_o give_v the_o name_n to_o that_o country_n of_o scotia_n and_o joh._n major_n say_v she_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o hiber_n but_o whichsoever_o of_o these_o stand_v unless_o the_o advocate_n will_v at_o last_o give_v up_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o ancient_a annal_n which_o he_o have_v contend_v so_o warm_o for_o he_o must_v renounce_v this_o opinion_n of_o he_o that_o the_o name_n of_o scot_n do_v original_o belong_v to_o the_o albion_a scot_n and_o only_o by_o way_n of_o communication_n to_o the_o irish_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o produce_v the_o plain_a testimony_n of_o orosius_n bede_n and_o isidore_n 6._o which_o make_v ireland_n the_o proper_a country_n of_o the_o scot_n but_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a subtlety_n from_o hence_o to_o infer_v 151._o as_o the_o advocate_n do_v as_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v just_o doubt_v and_o be_v not_o true_a in_o all_o sense_n do_v he_o mean_v proper_a or_o improper_a sense_n their_o word_n be_v plain_a that_o ireland_n in_o a_o strict_a and_o proper_a sense_n be_v the_o country_n of_o the_o scot_n i._n e._n the_o patria_fw-la originis_fw-la though_o the_o other_o may_v afterward_o be_v patria_fw-la incolatus_fw-la &_o domicilii_fw-la as_o the_o advocate_n himself_o do_v distinguish_v 152._o but_o that_o which_o follow_v from_o hence_o be_v that_o if_o the_o scot_n come_v original_o from_o ireland_n than_o the_o name_n of_o scot_n do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n but_o to_o those_o in_o ireland_n unless_o he_o can_v show_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n do_v agree_v to_o they_o only_o upon_o their_o removal_n into_o britain_n as_o to_o take_v his_o own_o instance_n no_o one_o will_v question_v that_o the_o colony_n of_o virginia_n be_v call_v english_a because_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v be_v so_o call_v but_o be_v not_o the_o irish_a call_v scot_n before_o they_o go_v into_o scotland_n if_o not_o that_o can_v not_o be_v propriè_fw-la scotorum_fw-la patria_fw-la as_o orosius_n and_o bede_n and_o isidore_n affirm_v as_o england_n can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a country_n of_o the_o english_a unless_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v english_a and_o the_o colony_n of_o virginia_n receive_v its_o denomination_n of_o be_v english_a because_o they_o come_v from_o
long_o before_o their_o own_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a thing_n to_o hope_v for_o any_o credit_n unless_o they_o can_v produce_v some_o testimony_n near_o those_o time_n which_o may_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n if_o they_o be_v authentic_a and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o inventor_n of_o history_n have_v still_o give_v out_o that_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o elder_a writer_n out_o of_o who_o they_o have_v pretend_v to_o derive_v their_o report_n thus_o 1._o hunibaldus_n pretend_v as_o much_o to_o follow_v the_o old_a sicambrian_a manuscript_n of_o wasthald_v for_o the_o remote_a antiquity_n of_o the_o frank_n as_o geffrey_n do_v the_o old_a british_a manuscript_n either_o for_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o british_a king_n or_o the_o first_o bring_v of_o christianity_n hither_o but_o which_o make_v this_o matter_n yet_o stranger_n 18._o nennius_n himself_o who_o sometime_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o gildas_n say_v nothing_o of_o this_o tradition_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o first_o receive_v of_o christianity_n in_o britain_n and_o yet_o bale_n say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o collect_v his_o write_n out_o of_o the_o former_a british_a historian_n such_o as_o teliesin_n melkin_n gildas_n and_o elvodugus_n and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v it_o out_o if_o he_o have_v find_v it_o in_o any_o of_o they_o but_o 57_o bale_n quote_v one_o of_o these_o british_a author_n viz._n melkinus_n avalonius_n for_o this_o tradition_n about_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o arviragus_n but_o withal_o he_o confess_v he_o to_o be_v a_o very_a fabulous_a writer_n melkino_n leland_n say_v that_o he_o meet_v with_o the_o fragment_n of_o melkinus_n in_o the_o library_n at_o glassenbury_n by_o which_o he_o understand_v that_o he_o have_v write_v something_o of_o the_o british_a affair_n but_o more_o especial_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o say_v leland_n he_o affirm_v without_o any_o certain_a author_n and_o which_o himself_o can_v not_o approve_v not_o think_v it_o at_o all_o credible_a that_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n shall_v be_v bury_v there_o but_o rather_o some_o eremit_fw-la of_o that_o name_n from_o whence_o the_o mistake_n first_o arise_v and_o flaanâ—_n elsewhere_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n he_o say_v that_o twelve_o eremit_v be_v report_v to_o have_v come_v thither_o with_o one_o joseph_n in_o the_o head_n of_o they_o but_o not_o be_v of_o arimathea_n as_o he_o suppose_v but_o still_o the_o testimony_n that_o concern_v this_o matter_n be_v derive_v from_o glassenbury_n insomuch_o that_o even_o the_o british_a historian_n have_v the_o name_n of_o avalonius_n from_o thence_o but_o some_o make_v use_v of_o this_o testimony_n however_o to_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o tradition_n since_o this_o author_n be_v say_v to_o have_v live_v anno_fw-la dom._n 550._o under_o king_n vortuporius_fw-la so_o bale_n but_o pit_n place_v he_o ten_o year_n late_a under_o magoclunus_fw-la they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v make_v he_o contemporary_a with_o gildas_n cambrius_n or_o to_o have_v be_v secretary_n to_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n when_o he_o write_v his_o epistle_n for_o they_o have_v no_o more_o evidence_n to_o show_v for_o the_o one_o than_o for_o the_o other_o the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v a_o old_a legend_n which_o lie_v at_o glassenbury_n which_o leland_n see_v and_o out_o of_o which_o capgrave_n have_v transcribe_v that_o part_n which_o concern_v this_o matter_n from_o who_o bale_n take_v it_o but_o it_o be_v so_o gross_o fabulous_a that_o even_o capgrave_v himself_o who_o stomach_n be_v not_o very_o nice_a as_o to_o legend_n put_v a_o &c._n &c._n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o as_o be_v ashamed_a to_o set_v down_o the_o passage_n of_o abaddar_n a_o great_a man_n in_o saphat_n and_o the_o hundred_o and_o four_o thousand_o which_o be_v bury_v with_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n at_o glassenbury_n yet_o this_o senseless_a and_o ridiculous_a legend_n be_v by_o 11._o some_o thought_n to_o be_v the_o british_a history_n which_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n appeal_v to_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o tradition_n and_o which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o library_n of_o st._n edmund_n and_o st._n augustin_n but_o malmsbury_n have_v design_v to_o set_v the_o antiquity_n of_o glassenbury_n as_o high_a as_o he_o can_v call_v that_o a_o british_a history_n which_o be_v now_o find_v to_o be_v write_v by_o a_o english_a monk_n as_o 107._o archbishop_n usher_n have_v evident_o prove_v have_v several_a time_n peruse_v it_o in_o the_o cotton_n library_n there_o be_v the_o very_a same_o passage_n in_o it_o which_o malmsbury_n quote_v and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o britain_n be_v most_o certain_a because_o he_o call_v the_o saxon_a his_o mother_n tongue_n and_o england_n his_o country_n and_o yet_o after_o all_o there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n or_o his_o companion_n in_o it_o all_o that_o be_v say_v be_v that_o in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n there_o be_v a_o royal_a island_n call_v gleston_n large_a and_o compass_v about_o with_o water_n full_a of_o fish_n and_o have_v other_o convenience_n of_o humane_a life_n but_o which_o be_v most_o considerable_a it_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n here_o the_o first_o disciple_n of_o the_o catholic_n law_n find_v a_o ancient_a church_n not_o build_v as_o be_v report_v by_o man_n hand_n but_o prepare_v by_o god_n himself_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o man_n and_o which_o by_o miracle_n be_v show_v to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o himself_o and_o to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n to_o which_o they_o adjoin_v another_o oratory_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o they_o dedicate_v to_o christ_n and_o to_o st._n peter_n the_o question_n be_v who_o be_v here_o mean_v by_o these_o first_o disciple_n of_o the_o catholic_n law_n not_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o companion_n who_o be_v never_o mention_v by_o he_o and_o who_o be_v never_o say_v to_o have_v find_v a_o church_n there_o build_v to_o their_o hand_n but_o he_o speak_v of_o some_o of_o the_o first_o saxon_n christian_n in_o those_o part_n who_o may_v probable_o find_v there_o such_o a_o low_a wattle_a church_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o sir_n h._n 15._o spelman_n a_o remainder_n of_o the_o british_a christianity_n in_o that_o island_n and_o this_o passage_n afford_v we_o the_o best_a light_n into_o the_o true_a original_a of_o this_o tradition_n which_o be_v after_o so_o much_o heighten_v and_o improve_v as_o the_o monk_n of_o glassenbury_n think_v convenient_a for_o the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o monastery_n that_o which_o seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n from_o hence_o be_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o british_a church_n when_o they_o be_v so_o miserable_o harass_v and_o persecute_v by_o the_o pagan_a saxon_n they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v into_o place_n of_o most_o difficult_a access_n for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o there_o they_o make_v they_o such_o church_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o present_a condition_n and_o live_v very_o retire_v life_n be_v in_o continual_a fear_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n such_o a_o place_n this_o island_n of_o avalon_n or_o glassenbury_n be_v which_o may_v be_v of_o far_o great_a request_n among_o the_o britain_n because_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o king_n arthur_n be_v bury_v for_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v that_o which_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la relate_v concern_v the_o find_v the_o body_n of_o king_n arthur_n there_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n ii_o with_o a_o inscription_n on_o a_o leaden_a cross_n which_o in_o latin_a express_v that_o king_n arthur_n lay_v there_o bury_v in_o the_o island_n of_o avalon_n for_o eccles._n giraldus_n say_v he_o be_v present_a and_o see_v the_o inscription_n and_o the_o body_n which_o be_v likewise_o attest_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n as_o etc._n leland_n prove_v at_o large_a and_o the_o account_n give_v that_o his_o body_n be_v lay_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o saxon_n far_o confirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o place_n of_o retreat_n in_o the_o british_a time_n but_o not_o without_o the_o apprehension_n of_o their_o enemy_n invasion_n this_o church_n according_a to_o the_o inscription_n on_o the_o brass_n plate_n on_o the_o pillar_n in_o glassenbury_n church_n be_v in_o length_n 60_o foot_n in_o breadth_n 26._o but_o that_o inscription_n as_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a antiquary_n 14._o sir_n h._n spelman_n observe_v be_v by_o the_o character_n not_o of_o above_o 300_o year_n antiquity_n and_o savour_v very_o much_o of_o the_o legend_n in_o it_o we_o read_v that_o the_o church_n be_v first_o build_v by_o joseph_n and_o his_o companion_n but_o be_v consecrate_v by_o christ_n himself_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o mother_n this_o
till_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n obtain_v leave_v for_o it_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 758._o upon_o this_o 26._o alford_n and_o 5._o cressy_n charge_v he_o with_o a_o manifest_a mistake_n and_o great_a impertinency_n a_o mistake_n in_o that_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n be_v both_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o saint_n paul_n and_o what_o then_o do_v sir_n h._n spelman_n say_v there_o be_v no_o bury_n in_o church_n before_o cuthbert_n time_n no._n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o bury_v place_n in_o city_n before_o that_o time_n for_o the_o church_n of_o st._n augustine_n or_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v without_o the_o city_n for_o so_o the_o 12._o ms._n chronicle_n of_o st._n augustine_n be_v say_v that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n be_v carry_v thither_o to_o burial_n they_o follow_v our_o saviour_n who_o suffer_v without_o the_o gate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v like_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v go_v out_o of_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n observation_n which_o relate_v to_o bury_v in_o city_n and_o not_o in_o church_n and_o withal_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o one_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o 24._o king_n ethelbert_n why_o that_o place_n be_v assign_v for_o a_o bury_v place_n be_v because_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o live_n and_o not_o for_o the_o dead_a but_o why_o do_v they_o not_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o churchyard_n to_o be_v so_o great_a which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o they_o say_v sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v observation_n be_v impertinent_a glassenbury_n be_v then_o a_o solitary_a place_n and_o very_o far_o from_o be_v a_o city_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o weight_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o he_o only_o upon_o that_o there_o be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o roman_a city_n there_o but_o his_o design_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o churchyard_n be_v not_o then_o adjoin_v to_o church_n because_o the_o cemetery_n be_v without_o the_o city_n and_o the_o church_n within_o in_o the_o british_a time_n and_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 290._o he_o say_v although_o they_o bury_v in_o church_n yet_o those_o church_n in_o which_o they_o bury_v be_v without_o the_o city_n till_o cuthbert_n first_o procure_v the_o alteration_n by_o royal_a authority_n and_o some_o say_v by_z papal_z too_o but_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n augustine_n deny_v the_o pope_n confirmation_n but_o the_o main_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v insist_v upon_o be_v the_o incongruity_n of_o this_o story_n with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n at_o that_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n then_o as_o arviragus_n and_o in_o that_o country_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 63._o when_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n say_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_v first_o to_o britain_n for_o 14._o tacitus_n say_v it_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o island_n when_o a._n plautius_n and_o ostorius_n scapula_n be_v governor_n here_o and_o between_o they_o and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v didius_n gallus_n and_o veranius_n in_o probability_n the_o belgae_n be_v subdue_v by_o vespasian_n of_o who_o 4._o suetonius_n say_v that_o he_o conquer_v here_o two_o powerful_a nation_n above_o twenty_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o which_o we_o find_v his_o employment_n be_v westward_o and_o the_o belgae_n and_o damnonii_n be_v the_o two_o powerful_a nation_n that_o way_n and_o in_o all_o the_o action_n afterward_o we_o find_v no_o care_n take_v by_o the_o roman_a general_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o belgae_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o brigantes_n and_o silures_n among_o who_o caractacus_n command_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o belgae_n as_o arviragus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v when_o 30._o ostorius_n march_v northwards_o have_v suppress_v the_o iceni_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o will_v have_v fix_v his_o garrison_n on_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o avon_n to_o secure_v the_o province_n for_o as_o our_o 375._o judicious_a antiquary_n have_v well_o observe_v the_o design_n of_o ostorius_n therein_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o provincial_a britain_n from_o join_v with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o all_o on_o this_o side_n those_o garrison_n be_v within_o the_o roman_a province_n now_o the_o place_n where_o the_o garrison_n be_v place_v be_v by_o tacitus_n say_v to_o be_v antona_n and_o sabrina_n the_o latter_a be_v certain_o the_o severn_n which_o part_v the_o belgae_n and_o the_o silures_n for_o antona_n camden_n read_v aufona_n although_o northanton_n come_v near_o the_o former_a name_n and_o southanton_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anton_n which_o there_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o ptolemy_n call_v trisanton_n i._n e._n say_v camden_n traith_n anton_n the_o mouth_n of_o anton_n but_o he_o choose_v aufona_n for_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr rise_n both_o in_o the_o country_n of_o northampton_n and_o so_o cut_v the_o island_n that_o none_o can_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o north_n but_o they_o must_v cross_v one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o they_o or_o else_o fall_v upon_o the_o roman_a garrison_n between_o the_o remainder_n whereof_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o between_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr at_o gildsborough_n and_o daintry_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o hinder_v all_o intercourse_n between_o the_o brigantes_n and_o the_o roman_a province_n as_o the_o other_o do_v between_o the_o silures_n and_o they_o but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o british_a king_n as_o arviragus_n among_o the_o belgae_n what_o will_v the_o fortify_v the_o severn_n have_v signify_v when_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n live_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n tacitus_n indeed_o mention_n a_o expedition_n of_o ostorius_n against_o the_o cangi_n who_o 68_o camden_n sometime_o think_v a_o small_a people_n among_o the_o belgae_n but_o upon_o better_a consideration_n 463._o he_o place_v they_o in_o cheshire_n where_o he_o find_v a_o inscription_n concern_v the_o ceangi_n and_o tacitus_n say_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o look_v towards_o ireland_n 293._o r._n white_a of_o basingstoke_n suppose_v this_o arviragus_z to_o bestow_v the_o island_n on_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n when_o trebellius_n maximus_n be_v governor_n here_o who_o succeed_v petronius_n turpilianus_n the_o year_n c._n suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n which_o according_a to_o the_o savilian_a fasti_fw-la be_v in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o nero_n and_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 67._o four_o year_n after_o joseph_n come_n according_a to_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n but_o that_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o at_o that_o time_n we_o be_v sure_o there_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o arvinagus_fw-la among_o the_o belgae_n but_o he_o again_o contradict_v the_o glassenbury_n story_n for_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o barbarous_a king_n obstinate_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o religion_n but_o out_o of_o pity_n to_o they_o give_v they_o the_o island_n to_o live_v in_o but_o white_a say_v he_o be_v well_o affect_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o admirable_a prince_n this_o arviragus_n he_o take_v out_o of_o the_o 26._o british_a history_n where_o pleasant_a story_n be_v tell_v of_o he_o and_o from_o thence_o in_o 44._o matthew_n westminster_n as_o of_o his_o oppose_a claudius_n and_o then_o marry_v his_o daughter_n genissa_n and_o the_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o vespasian_n by_o her_o mean_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o his_o son_n marius_n succeed_v he_o and_o then_o coillus_n who_o be_v wonderful_o belove_v by_o the_o roman_a senate_n here_o we_o have_v find_v at_o last_o the_o three_o king_n of_o glassenbury_n arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n as_o they_o be_v exstant_fw-la in_o capgrave_n and_o other_o so_o that_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n have_v not_o its_o perfection_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v these_o improvement_n from_o the_o british_a history_n for_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n though_o he_o take_v so_o great_a pain_n in_o this_o matter_n yet_o know_v nothing_o of_o arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n he_o speak_v indeed_o of_o three_o pagan_a king_n give_v twelve_o portion_n of_o land_n to_o the_o twelve_o brethren_n but_o he_o know_v not_o their_o name_n which_o grant_v he_o say_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n lucius_n to_o twelve_o other_o who_o be_v place_v there_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o twelve_o and_o this_o continue_a to_o the_o come_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o book_n
suppress_v they_o and_o the_o latter_a send_v lupicinus_n his_o general_n who_o arrive_v at_o london_n about_o the_o time_n the_o council_n of_o ariminum_n be_v dissolve_v and_o therefore_o in_o a_o time_n of_o such_o confusion_n in_o the_o british_a province_n it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o these_o church_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o condition_n as_o those_o which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o trade_n and_o government_n and_o 3._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n observe_v that_o the_o provincial_a bishop_n live_v in_o a_o much_o mean_a condition_n than_o those_o of_o the_o great_a city_n especial_o of_o rome_n and_o although_o a_o heathen_a he_o very_o much_o commend_v they_o for_o their_o temperance_n humility_n and_o modesty_n but_o arianism_n be_v not_o the_o only_a heresy_n the_o british_a church_n be_v charge_v with_o for_o 5._o gildas_n from_o hence_o make_v every_o follow_a heresy_n to_o find_v a_o passage_n hither_o among_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v pelagianism_n and_o 10._o bede_n do_v insinuate_v that_o pelagius_n be_v a_o britain_n and_o spread_v his_o doctrine_n far_o and_o near_o do_v corrupt_v these_o church_n with_o it_o which_o some_o 27._o late_a writer_n have_v take_v up_o have_v affirm_v that_o both_o pelagius_n and_o coelestius_n after_o their_o repulse_v at_o rome_n come_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o disperse_v their_o doctrine_n here_o pelagio_n leland_n sad_o lament_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o god_n that_o have_v no_o soon_o recover_v itself_o from_o arianism_n but_o a_o new_a heresy_n spring_v up_o to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n and_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o christian_n but_o as_o egypt_n bring_v forth_o the_o author_n of_o the_o former_a heresy_n so_o do_v britain_n the_o author_n of_o this_o which_o take_v his_o name_n from_o hence_o and_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v morgan_n in_o british_a which_o by_o his_o conversation_n at_o rome_n he_o turn_v into_o pelagius_n and_o paulin._n st._n augustine_n say_v he_o be_v common_o call_v pelagius_n brito_n to_o distinguish_v he_o as_o he_o suppose_v from_o another_o pelagius_n of_o tarentum_n leland_n observe_v that_o some_o make_v he_o a_o britain_n as_o be_v bear_v in_o that_o bretagn_n which_o be_v call_v aremorica_n on_o the_o continent_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o it_o have_v then_o lose_v its_o name_n of_o aremorica_n the_o first_o time_n we_o find_v the_o name_n of_o britannia_n give_v to_o that_o country_n be_v in_o the_o 461._o subscription_n of_o mansuetus_n to_o the_o council_n of_o tours_n where_o he_o be_v name_v episcopus_fw-la britannorum_fw-la after_o which_o time_n it_o be_v frequent_o call_v britannia_n cismarina_fw-la minor_n celtica_n etc._n etc._n 1012._o dempster_n not_o a_o jesuit_n but_o a_o lawyer_n take_v it_o very_o ill_a of_o browerus_n the_o jesuit_n that_o he_o make_v pelagius_n a_o scot_n but_o not_o as_o dempster_n understand_v he_o for_o 69._o he_o explain_v himself_o that_o he_o mean_v one_o that_o come_v out_o of_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o be_v scoticae_fw-la originis_fw-la for_o which_o he_o quote_v saint_n jerome_n but_o archbishop_n 209._o usher_n have_v observe_v that_o he_o speak_v there_o not_o of_o pelagius_n but_o of_o coelestius_n who_o he_o make_v the_o cerberus_n to_o the_o pluto_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a way_n of_o complement_a his_o adversary_n but_o both_o he_o think_v come_v out_o of_o the_o british_a island_n the_o late_a 5._o publisher_n of_o marius_n mercator_n endeavour_n to_o show_v that_o our_o learned_a primate_n be_v herein_o mistake_v and_o that_o saint_n jerome_n do_v not_o speak_v of_o coelestius_n but_o of_o pelagius_n himself_o and_o that_o by_o pluto_n he_o mean_v ruffinus_n dead_a in_o sicily_n three_o year_n before_o st._n jerome_n be_v write_v these_o word_n but_o notwithstanding_o he_o do_v still_o bark_n through_o pelagius_n his_o mouth_n who_o he_o compare_v to_o a_o great_a scotch_a mastiff_n from_o which_o country_n he_o be_v derive_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o britain_n if_o these_o word_n relate_v only_o to_o ruffinus_n and_o pelagius_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o st._n i_o will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o pelagius_n come_v out_o of_o ireland_n that_o which_o make_v it_o most_o probable_a that_o he_o mean_v they_o be_v that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o praefat._n commentary_n on_o ezekiel_n he_o mention_n the_o death_n of_o ruffinus_n and_o then_o say_v he_o hope_v now_o he_o shall_v be_v quiet_a to_o go_v on_o with_o his_o commentary_n on_o the_o scripture_n but_o not_o long_o after_o he_o complain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o which_o in_o his_o room_n open_v their_o mouth_n against_o he_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o commentary_n on_o jeremiah_n which_o he_o undertake_v after_o he_o have_v finish_v those_o on_o ezekiel_n he_o mention_n one_o who_o carp_v at_o his_o commentary_n on_o the_o ephesian_n and_o call_v grunnius_n i._n e._n ruffinus_n his_o forerunner_n and_o say_v he_o be_v scotorum_fw-la pultibus_fw-la praegravatus_fw-la make_v fat_a with_o scotch_a flummery_n all_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o pelagius_n who_o 27._o grosius_n describe_v as_o a_o very_a corpulent_a man_n but_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n which_o make_v the_o former_a opinion_n not_o improbable_a which_o be_v that_o st._n jerome_n himself_o take_v so_o much_o notice_n that_o pelagius_n at_o that_o time_n write_v little_a or_o nothing_o about_o these_o matter_n but_o coelestius_n be_v the_o man_n who_o appear_v especial_o in_o the_o two_o main_a point_n about_o original_a sin_n and_o the_o possibility_n of_o perfection_n 2._o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o ctesiphon_n he_o say_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o sect_n still_o hold_v his_o peace_n and_o his_o disciple_n write_v for_o he_o magistrorum_fw-la silentia_fw-la profert_fw-la rabbis_n discipulorum_fw-la methinks_v rabbi_n agree_v well_o enough_o with_o cerberus_n and_o here_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o disciple_n coelestius_n and_o not_o of_o pelagius_n which_o expression_n answer_v very_o well_o to_o the_o other_o mutus_fw-la magister_fw-la latrat_fw-la per_fw-la albinum_n canem_fw-la and_o he_o speak_v as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o draw_v he_o from_o his_o closeness_n and_o retirement_n which_o do_v far_o better_o agree_v to_o the_o mute_a person_n than_o to_o the_o bark_a cerberus_n there_o be_v then_o no_o improbability_n that_o coelestius_n and_o pelagius_n may_v be_v both_o mean_v but_o if_o any_o other_o country_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o challenge_v coelestius_n to_o themselves_o i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o put_v in_o their_o claim_n notwithstanding_o these_o expression_n but_o it_o be_v very_o unworthy_a in_o the_o same_o 134._o author_n to_o prove_v pelagius_n to_o have_v be_v a_o irish_a scot_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o charge_v his_o vice_n on_o the_o british_a nation_n he_o can_v deny_v that_o pelagius_n have_v a_o great_a natural_a sharpness_n of_o wit_n since_o st._n augustine_n and_o his_o other_o adversary_n allow_v it_o but_o than_o he_o say_v it_o be_v fierce_a and_o contentious_a after_o the_o fashion_n of_o his_o country_n and_o which_o he_o can_v not_o shake_v off_o by_o his_o long_a conversation_n at_o rome_n he_o grant_v that_o his_o exhortation_n to_o piety_n be_v vehement_a and_o earnest_a but_o write_v in_o a_o uncouth_a and_o imperious_a style_n more_o gentis_fw-la according_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o his_o nation_n but_o why_o must_v the_o british_a nation_n be_v reproach_v for_o the_o particular_a fault_n of_o pelagius_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ill_a way_n of_o confute_v pelagius_n to_o attribute_v man_n vice_n and_o virtue_n to_o their_o country_n and_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o a_o philosopher_n and_o to_o the_o grace_n of_o a_o christian_a pelagius_n may_v have_v have_v the_o same_o temper_n if_o he_o have_v be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o have_v be_v bear_v in_o a_o neighbour_n country_n and_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o his_o way_n of_o writing_n do_v affect_v the_o british_a church_n where_o the_o christian_n may_v be_v very_o wise_a and_o humble_a notwithstanding_o this_o severe_a and_o unjust_a character_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n which_o as_o all_o national_a reproach_n be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o reproach_n to_o any_o as_o to_o he_o that_o give_v it_o but_o the_o great_a adversary_n to_o pelagius_n do_v not_o give_v he_o so_o ill_a a_o character_n saint_n 106._o augustine_n say_v he_o have_v the_o esteem_n of_o a_o very_a pious_a man_n and_o of_o be_v a_o christian_a of_o no_o mean_a rank_n be_v this_o pro_fw-la more_fw-it gentis_fw-la too_o and_o of_o his_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n st._n augustine_n give_v sufficient_a testimony_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o juliana_n the_o mother_n of_o demetrias_n to_o who_o pelagius_n write_v a_o epistle_n high_o magnify_v for_o the_o wit_n and_o elegance_n of_o it_o but_o garnerius_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o pelagius_n be_v able_a to_o write_v it_o
himself_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o disciple_n coelestius_n and_o annianus_n but_o why_o shall_v this_o be_v so_o hard_a a_o thing_n for_o a_o man_n who_o he_o confess_v to_o have_v have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o natural_a wit_n and_o 8.21_o st._n augustine_n say_v he_o live_v long_o yea_o very_o long_o in_o rome_n and_o keep_v the_o best_a company_n there_o can_v a_o britain_n never_o attain_v to_o so_o much_o purity_n of_o the_o roman_a language_n as_o to_o write_v a_o epistle_n to_o the_o envy_n of_o those_o meliore_fw-la solo_fw-la prognatorum_fw-la as_o he_o speak_v who_o be_v bear_v in_o more_o happy_a soil_n what_o mean_v such_o unbecoming_a reflection_n on_o the_o country_n of_o pelagius_n when_o himself_o confess_v he_o have_v so_o much_o mother_n wit_n and_o one_o will_v think_v of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v the_o better_a soil_n which_o produce_v more_o wit_n than_o word_n our_o monkish_a historian_n make_v pelagius_n not_o only_o a_o monk_n at_o bangor_n but_o the_o abbot_n there_o so_o the_o author_n of_o the_o polychronicon_n and_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n leland_n take_v it_o from_o they_o to_o who_o bale_n add_v that_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n in_o the_o east_n but_o without_o any_o authority_n scrip._n leland_n say_v that_o he_o go_v over_o into_o aremorica_n to_o visit_v his_o countryman_n who_o be_v new_o settle_v there_o be_v carry_v over_o by_o maximus_n gildas_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o maximus_n be_v original_o a_o britain_n when_o he_o call_v he_o germane_a plantationis_fw-la suae_fw-la but_o bede_n take_v no_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o his_o country_n the_o saxon_a annal_n fabius_n ethelwerd_v huntingdon_n and_o other_o say_v he_o be_v bear_v in_o britain_n but_o 4._o zosimus_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o spaniard_n and_o take_v it_o ill_o that_o he_o be_v no_o more_o prefer_v when_o his_o countryman_n theodosius_n be_v make_v emperor_n however_o this_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o be_v declare_v emperor_n in_o britain_n and_o that_o he_o go_v out_o of_o britain_n with_o the_o force_n here_o and_o that_o gratian_n legion_n revolt_v to_o he_o upon_o which_o he_o flee_v and_o be_v kill_v and_o that_o maximus_n be_v unsatisfied_a with_o gratian_n share_n of_o the_o empire_n go_v into_o italy_n against_o valentinian_n and_o be_v after_o four_o year_n destroy_v at_o aquileia_n but_o in_o all_o the_o proceed_n of_o maximus_n i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o settle_v the_o colony_n of_o britain_n in_o aremorica_n for_o he_o land_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n say_v zosimus_n and_o be_v well_o receive_v by_o the_o roman_a legion_n there_o about_o what_o occasion_n then_o be_v there_o for_o his_o come_n against_o the_o aremorici_n or_o if_o he_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o have_v he_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o his_o soldier_n but_o to_o people_n country_n with_o they_o but_o we_o find_v the_o aremorici_n in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o their_o country_n after_o this_o time_n so_o that_o we_o see_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o for_o pelagius_n to_o go_v to_o his_o countryman_n in_o aremorica_n from_o thence_o leland_n carry_v he_o to_o all_o the_o place_n of_o learning_n in_o gaul_n as_o there_o be_v many_o at_o that_o time_n and_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o pass_v up_o and_o down_o he_o meet_v with_o julianus_n of_o campania_n who_o wit_n and_o learning_n recommend_v he_o to_o pelagius_n but_o this_o can_v hold_v for_o pelagius_n live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rome_n before_o his_o heresy_n be_v discover_v after_o the_o discovery_n of_o it_o many_o year_n pass_v before_o julian_n appear_v in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o last_o work_n of_o 171._o st._n augustine_n just_a before_o his_o death_n he_o call_v julian_n a_o young_a man_n although_o he_o have_v be_v a_o bishop_n in_o campania_n at_o a_o place_n call_v aeculanum_n thence_o his_o title_n be_v episcopus_fw-la eclanensis_fw-la the_o town_n stand_v faith_n 1203._o holstenius_fw-la near_o mirabella_n but_o since_o its_o destruction_n the_o see_v be_v remove_v to_o frigento_n and_o the_o bishop_n call_v episcopus_fw-la frequentinus_fw-la if_o pelagius_n pass_v through_o gaul_n make_v so_o long_a a_o stay_n in_o rome_n as_o st._n augustine_n say_v before_o he_o be_v suspect_v of_o heresy_n there_o be_v no_o probability_n at_o all_o in_o the_o monkish_a tradition_n of_o his_o be_v abbot_n of_o bangor_n and_o there_o be_v not_o much_o more_o of_o bangor_n be_v so_o famous_a a_o monastery_n at_o that_o time_n or_o of_o pelagius_n his_o be_v a_o monk_n therein_o for_o the_o british_a monastery_n be_v no_o elder_a than_o st._n patrick_n time_n as_o i_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v afterward_o and_o even_o at_o rome_n itself_o the_o monastic_a state_n have_v not_o be_v long_o know_v there_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o east_n by_o athanasius_n and_o eusebius_n of_o vercelles_n and_o in_o pelagius_n his_o time_n those_o be_v call_v monk_n at_o rome_n who_o have_v no_o office_n in_o the_o church_n but_o yet_o retire_v from_o the_o common_a employment_n of_o the_o world_n for_o sacred_a study_n and_o devotion_n and_o where_o any_o number_n of_o these_o live_v together_o that_o be_v call_v a_o monastery_n such_o be_v the_o monasterium_fw-la pinneti_n mention_v by_o 9_o ruffinus_n not_o far_o from_o rome_n probably_n a_o house_n of_o melania_n whither_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o retire_v in_o time_n of_o great_a devotion_n garnerius_n confess_v that_o pelagius_n be_v not_o otherwise_o a_o monk_n than_o as_o those_o be_v then_o call_v so_o who_o lead_v strict_a life_n than_o other_o within_o their_o own_o house_n of_o which_o number_n he_o reckon_v pammachius_n paulinus_n melania_n demetrias_n and_o other_o at_o that_o time_n to_o who_o pelagius_n be_v well_o know_v and_o much_o esteem_v by_o they_o before_o his_o heresy_n be_v discover_v the_o chief_a employment_n of_o these_o person_n next_o to_o their_o devotion_n be_v the_o study_n of_o the_o scripture_n as_o appear_v by_o st._n jerome_n epistle_n and_o some_o grave_a person_n make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o instruct_v his_o disciple_n therein_o so_o st._n i_o do_v at_o bethlehem_n so_o ruffinus_n do_v pammachius_n melania_n and_o her_o family_n and_o so_o pelagius_n do_v at_o rome_n where_o he_o have_v scholar_n who_o he_o bring_v up_o as_o appear_v both_o by_o coelestius_n and_o julianus_n who_o he_o instruct_v very_o young_a and_o by_o timasius_n and_o jacobus_n from_o this_o employment_n it_o be_v that_o he_o write_v his_o short_a commentary_n on_o st._n paul_n epistle_n and_o his_o epistle_n to_o melania_n and_o demetrias_n but_o after_o he_o be_v accuse_v of_o heresy_n his_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o vindication_n of_o himself_o in_o africa_n asia_n and_o rome_n and_o after_o many_o bandying_n to_o and_o fro_o from_o want_n of_o understand_v the_o meaning_n of_o pelagius_n he_o be_v beside_o the_o council_n in_o africa_n at_o last_o condemn_v in_o a_o council_n at_o antioch_n under_o theodotus_n as_o 3._o marius_n mercator_n show_v and_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o life_n in_o obscurity_n die_v somewhere_o in_o the_o east_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n that_o pelagius_n and_o coelestius_n shall_v come_v back_o to_o britain_n to_o spread_v their_o heresy_n here_o for_o he_o complain_v of_o his_o age_n when_o he_o set_v forth_o his_o commentary_n at_o rome_n about_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 404._o and_o he_o be_v certain_o in_o the_o east_n at_o the_o council_n of_o diospolis_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 415._o from_o whence_o he_o send_v coelestius_n to_o rome_n but_o abode_n there_o himself_o with_o albina_n pinianus_n and_o melania_n and_o write_v letter_n to_o clear_v himself_o first_o to_o innocentius_n and_o then_o to_o zosimus_n who_o be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v therewith_o that_o he_o write_v a_o sharp_a letter_n to_o the_o african_a bishop_n who_o have_v condemn_v he_o in_o his_o vindication_n severe_o tax_v his_o accuser_n although_o there_o be_v heresy_n in_o that_o confession_n which_o coelestius_n tender_v to_o zosimus_n and_o which_o he_o esteem_v orthodox_n and_o 3._o st._n augustine_n be_v fain_o to_o make_v use_n of_o all_o his_o wit_n to_o bring_v the_o pope_n off_o from_o approve_v of_o heresy_n 12._o henr._n de_fw-fr noris_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v circumvent_v by_o the_o pelagian_o but_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n say_v 28._o jansenius_n what_o when_o he_o deny_v original_a sin_n in_o that_o very_a paper_n he_o deliver_v in_o to_o zosimus_n 28._o cappellus_n think_v it_o better_a to_o deny_v zosimus_n his_o letter_n but_o therein_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o 169._o petavius_n and_o other_o who_o have_v late_o write_v about_o this_o matter_n and_o say_v that_o cappellus_n his_o opinion_n be_v singular_a and_o false_a be_v contradict_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o marius_n mercator_n
the_o foreign_a province_n and_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o ever_o it_o be_v so_o that_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v london_n be_v the_o chief_a metropolis_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o argument_n from_o york_n be_v a_o colony_n signify_v nothing_o after_o antoninus_n give_v the_o jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la to_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n before_o york_n as_o i_o may_v show_v elsewhere_o and_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n when_o it_o be_v call_v 27.8.28.3_o augusta_n which_o show_v that_o it_o be_v then_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o britain_n that_o name_n be_v give_v to_o no_o other_o city_n in_o britain_n beside_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o learned_a 5._o marc._n velserus_n that_o those_o city_n which_o have_v the_o title_n of_o augusta_n confer_v upon_o they_o be_v the_o capita_n gentium_fw-la the_o chief_a metropoles_fw-la of_o the_o province_n and_o since_o by_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o church_n the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n do_v follow_v the_o civil_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o question_n but_o if_o fastidius_n be_v then_o bishop_n of_o london_n he_o be_v the_o chief_a metropolitan_a over_o the_o church_n of_o britain_n but_o whether_o fastidius_n be_v metropolitan_a or_o only_o a_o british_a bishop_n his_o doctrine_n be_v of_o late_o charge_v to_o be_v inclinable_a to_o pelagianism_n for_o holstenius_fw-la find_v in_o ancient_a ms._n the_o book_n fastidius_n write_v de_n vita_fw-la christiana_n with_o his_o name_n to_o it_o and_o so_o publish_v it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o direct_v ad_fw-la fatalem_fw-la but_o to_o a_o certain_a widow_n in_o this_o book_n a_o late_a 19_o augustinian_n have_v discover_v as_o he_o think_v some_o tincture_n of_o pelagianism_n but_o to_o any_o candid_a reader_n his_o exception_n will_v appear_v very_o frivolous_a and_o there_o be_v so_o much_o of_o true_a primitive_a christianity_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o as_o make_v good_a the_o character_n which_o gennadius_n and_o trithemius_n give_v of_o he_o out_o of_o which_o book_n and_o no_o great_a one_o bale_n have_v make_v four_o one_o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la christiana_n a_o second_o de_fw-fr doctrina_fw-la spiritûs_fw-la a_o three_o de_fw-fr viduitate_fw-la servanda_fw-la a_o four_o admonitiones_fw-la piae_fw-la pit_n keep_v the_o same_o number_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o take_v all_o out_o of_o bale_n he_o alter_v the_o title_n of_o one_o of_o they_o and_o because_o gennadius_n say_v his_o doctrine_n be_v deo_fw-la digna_fw-la therefore_o pit_n very_o artificial_o make_v the_o title_n of_o his_o second_o book_n to_o be_v de_fw-fr doctrina_fw-la deo_fw-la digna_fw-la vel_fw-la spirituali_fw-la boston_n of_o bury_n make_v he_o the_o author_n of_o two_o book_n by_o mistake_v gennadius_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v there_o be_v but_o one_o exstant_fw-la 530._o dempster_n have_v find_v fastidius_n to_o have_v be_v bear_v upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o scotland_n and_o he_o make_v he_o author_n of_o a_o five_o book_n call_v chronicon_fw-la scotorum_fw-la which_o be_v a_o strain_n beyond_o pit_n he_o positive_o affirm_v that_o he_o live_v an._n dom._n 440._o trithemius_n say_v about_o an._n dom._n 420._o as_o to_o faustus_n his_o case_n be_v much_o hard_a that_o he_o be_v original_o a_o britain_n i_o find_v not_o deny_v by_o any_o for_o although_o 561._o facundus_n call_v he_o a_o gaul_n yet_o that_o be_v because_o of_o his_o be_v a_o bishop_n so_o long_o there_o as_o sirmondus_n observe_v he_o be_v ortu_fw-la britannus_n habitaculo_fw-la regiensis_fw-la as_o 35._o alcimus_n avitus_n say_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o gundobadus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o burgundian_n to_o who_o he_o say_v faustus_n be_v know_v in_o his_o 435._o epistle_n to_o ruricius_n faustus_n speak_v of_o his_o live_n in_o a_o state_n of_o banishment_n and_o the_o comfort_n he_o find_v in_o it_o this_o our_o learned_a 439._o primate_n understand_v of_o his_o live_n out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n but_o 16._o hen._n de_fw-fr noris_n of_o a_o banishment_n by_o euaricus_fw-la a_o arian_n king_n then_o in_o gaul_n which_o he_o suppose_v he_o undergo_v for_o write_v against_o the_o arian_n if_o he_o have_v produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o such_o banishment_n there_o may_v have_v be_v reason_n to_o have_v understand_v his_o expression_n so_o but_o since_o there_o be_v none_o and_o his_o word_n be_v general_a as_o to_o his_o country_n i_o see_v no_o cause_n to_o take_v they_o in_o any_o other_o sense_n for_o man_n do_v not_o use_v to_o call_v that_o their_o country_n where_o they_o live_v as_o stranger_n and_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o kindness_n of_o ruricius_n so_o to_o he_o that_o he_o do_v patriam_fw-la in_o peregrinatione_fw-la facere_fw-la which_o can_v well_o bear_v any_o other_o sense_n than_o that_o he_o make_v up_o the_o want_n of_o his_o own_o country_n to_o he_o 562._o sirmondus_n grant_v he_o be_v a_o britain_n but_o he_o add_v he_o be_v one_o of_o those_o britain_n who_o dwell_v upon_o the_o loir_n i._n e._n in_o the_o part_n of_o aremorica_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o faustus_n there_o be_v great_a number_n of_o britain_n there_o for_o 45._o jornandes_n say_v that_o riothamus_n their_o king_n or_o general_n go_v with_o 12000_o britain_n against_o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o visigoth_n which_o riothamus_n 9_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n write_v to_o and_o mention_n the_o britain_n with_o he_o but_o it_o may_v be_v just_o a_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o colony_n of_o britain_n on_o the_o continent_n before_o faustus_n his_o birth_n for_o faustus_n be_v make_v abbot_n of_o lerin_n before_o the_o saxon_n come_v first_o into_o britain_n for_o he_o be_v abbat_n when_o st._n caprasius_n die_v as_o the_o author_n of_o his_o life_n affirm_v which_o be_v about_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 430._o but_o their_o come_n be_v not_o till_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 449._o and_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o make_v out_o any_o settlement_n of_o the_o britain_n on_o the_o loir_fw-fr before_o it_o be_v then_o most_o probable_a that_o faustus_n go_v at_o first_o out_o of_o britain_n into_o gaul_n where_o he_o attain_v to_o a_o wonderful_a reputation_n both_o for_o piety_n and_o learning_n he_o be_v worship_v as_o a_o saint_n say_v 297._o noris_n in_o the_o church_n of_o riez_n and_o his_o name_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o calendar_n of_o the_o gallican_n church_n molanus_n be_v the_o first_o who_o dare_v adventure_v to_o strike_v out_o his_o name_n baronius_n follow_v he_o but_o upon_o admonition_n restore_v it_o as_o jan._n bollandus_n observe_v who_o likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o be_v call_v a_o saint_n by_o cl._n robertus_fw-la by_o ferrarius_fw-la and_o by_o pet._n galesinius_fw-la in_o his_o martyrology_n who_o add_v that_o his_o book_n be_v pious_o and_o learned_o write_v and_o that_o miracle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v wrought_v by_o he_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o be_v a_o person_n in_o mighty_a esteem_n in_o his_o own_o time_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n of_o euchar._n sidonius_n apollinaris_n of_o 2._o ruricius_n and_o other_o concern_v both_o his_o eloquence_n learning_n and_o piety_n of_o who_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n give_v that_o excellent_a character_n that_o he_o have_v learn_v to_o speak_v better_a than_o he_o be_v teach_v and_o to_o live_v better_a than_o he_o speak_v he_o be_v bishop_n of_o riez_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 462._o for_o at_o that_o time_n he_o be_v join_v with_o auxanius_fw-la in_o determine_v the_o controversy_n between_o leontius_n of_o arles_n and_o mamertus_n of_o vienna_n but_o nothing_o can_v more_o manifest_v the_o esteem_n he_o be_v then_o in_o among_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n than_o that_o in_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n he_o be_v pitch_v upon_o as_o the_o fit_a person_n to_o draw_v up_o their_o sense_n in_o the_o great_a point_n then_o so_o much_o agitate_a about_o predestination_n and_o grace_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o preface_n to_o leontius_n at_o this_o council_n thirty_o bishop_n be_v present_a and_o there_o lucidus_fw-la present_v his_o recantation_n of_o the_o error_n he_o hold_v about_o predestination_n and_o after_o this_o faustus_n write_v his_o book_n of_o grace_n and_o freewill_n to_o which_o he_o say_v another_o council_n at_o lion_n cause_v some_o thing_n to_o be_v add_v in_o these_o book_n it_o be_v think_v that_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o confute_v those_o error_n he_o set_v himself_o against_o st._n augustine_n doctrine_n as_o seem_v clear_a by_o one_o expression_n in_o his_o first_o book_n that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o be_v predestinate_v to_o life_n and_o other_o to_o destruction_n ut_fw-la quidam_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la dixit_fw-la non_fw-la judicandi_fw-la nascimur_fw-la sed_fw-la judicati_fw-la but_o these_o word_n may_v refer_v to_o what_o follow_v as_o well_o as_o to_o what_o go_v before_o as_o a_o certain_a holy_a man_n
condemn_v but_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o gelasius_n be_v it_o probable_a that_o hormisdas_n his_o successor_n will_v have_v stick_v so_o much_o at_o it_o as_o maxentius_n say_v that_o he_o do_v but_o he_o refer_v they_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o church_n to_o st._n augustine_n and_o prosper_v and_o hilary_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o his_o predecessor_n maxentius_n rail_v against_o this_o answer_n as_o unsatisfactory_a and_o next_o to_o heretical_a and_o set_v st._n augustine_n saying_n against_o those_o of_o faustus_n afterward_o caesarius_n bishop_n of_o arles_n not_o only_o write_v against_o faustus_n his_o doctrine_n but_o by_o his_o mean_n chief_o it_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o second_o council_n of_o orange_n which_o assert_v the_o necessity_n of_o prevent_v grace_n the_o deny_v whereof_o be_v the_o main_a error_n charge_v on_o faustus_n not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o good_a work_n for_o 8._o jansenius_n have_v at_o large_a prove_v that_o the_o semipelagian_o do_v yield_v the_o necessity_n of_o internal_a grace_n as_o to_o they_o but_o faustus_n and_o cassian_n and_o gennadius_n deny_v it_o as_o to_o faith_n or_o good_a inclination_n but_o to_o return_v to_o st._n germanus_n and_o his_o companion_n into_o britain_n if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o our_o antiquary_n they_o do_v other_o kindness_n to_o the_o british_a church_n beside_o the_o confute_v pelagianism_n whereof_o two_o be_v most_o considerable_a 1._o the_o institution_n of_o school_n of_o learning_n among_o the_o britain_n 2._o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o gallican_n liturgy_n into_o the_o use_n of_o these_o church_n 1._o as_o to_o school_n of_o learning_n none_o be_v more_o famous_a among_o the_o britain_n then_o those_o of_o dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n who_o be_v both_o say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o disciple_n of_o st._n german_n the_o anonymous_n author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n in_o 42._o leland_n say_v that_o st._n germanus_n and_o lupus_n have_v root_v out_o pelagianism_n consecrate_a bishop_n in_o several_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n they_o place_v a_o cathedral_n at_o landaff_n and_o make_v dubricius_n archbishop_n who_o dispose_v of_o his_o disciple_n to_o several_a church_n he_o make_v daniel_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o send_v iltutus_n to_o a_o place_n from_o he_o call_v lan_n iltut_n or_o the_o church_n of_o iltutus_n 498._o camden_n say_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v lantuit_n where_o the_o foundation_n of_o many_o house_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v near_o the_o place_n call_v bovium_n in_o the_o itinerary_n now_o boverton_n but_o there_o be_v another_o place_n near_o nidum_n or_o neath_n who_o name_n come_v very_o near_o it_o llanylt_v the_o 188._o old_a register_n of_o landaff_n after_o it_o have_v mention_v the_o frequent_a message_n the_o britain_n send_v to_o the_o neighbour_n bishop_n of_o gaul_n for_o assistence_n against_o the_o pelagian_o and_o the_o come_n of_o germanus_n and_o lupus_n send_v by_o they_o it_o add_v that_o they_o consecrate_v bishop_n in_o many_o place_n and_o make_v dubricius_n archbishop_n over_o all_o the_o britain_n dextralis_fw-la partis_fw-la britanniae_fw-la of_o the_o right_a hand_n part_n of_o britain_n with_o which_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n and_o capgrave_n agree_v what_o this_o right_a hand_n part_n of_o britain_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o consecration_n of_o dubricius_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o understand_v archbishop_n 80._o usher_n take_v it_o for_o south_n wales_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o call_v the_o south_n the_o right_a hand_n side_n so_z asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la call_v sussex_n the_o region_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n saxon_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o 884._o asserius_fw-la there_o make_v demetia_n or_o south_n wales_n to_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o what_o he_o call_v dextralis_fw-la pars_fw-la britanniae_fw-la for_o when_o he_o say_v in_o general_a that_o all_o the_o country_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o britain_n submit_v to_o king_n alfred_n he_o than_o instance_v particular_o in_o hemeid_n king_n of_o demetia_n and_o hovil_n and_o other_o king_n of_o guent_n by_o which_o north_n wales_n be_v as_o much_o understand_v as_o south_n wales_n be_v by_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o think_v dubricius_n be_v make_v archbishop_n over_o all_o the_o britain_n in_o those_o part_n for_o 52._o ranulphus_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la say_v the_o bishop_n of_o caerleon_n have_v seven_o suffragan_a bishop_n under_o he_o and_o 507._o matt._n westminster_n say_v that_o dubricius_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o caerleon_n although_o he_o may_v have_v a_o seat_n at_o landaff_n as_o the_o register_n of_o that_o church_n affirm_v by_o the_o gift_n of_o mouricus_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v then_o archiepiscopal_a power_n and_o possible_o upon_o the_o disturbance_n of_o those_o time_n the_o see_v might_n for_o a_o time_n be_v remove_v to_o landaff_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v again_o remove_v by_o st._n david_n to_o the_o town_n bear_v his_o name_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n who_o succeed_v be_v so_o unsatisfied_a with_o it_o that_o the_o register_n of_o that_o church_n say_v that_o from_o oudoceus_n the_o second_o from_o dubricius_n for_o he_o succeed_v teliaus_n in_o that_o see_v they_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n than_o by_o their_o own_o metropolitan_a of_o st._n david_n be_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o protestation_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n to_o calixtus_n ii_o in_o the_o council_n of_o rheims_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1119._o but_o i_o confess_v it_o do_v not_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o british_a bishop_n shall_v go_v for_o consecration_n to_o augustine_n the_o monk_n or_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o british_a bishop_n do_v all_o look_n on_o they_o as_o intruder_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v have_v do_v it_o how_o will_v they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o british_a church_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v therefore_o far_o more_o probable_a either_o that_o they_o go_v over_o to_o the_o british_a archbishop_n at_o dol_n in_o britanny_n or_o that_o there_o be_v a_o succession_n preserve_v for_o some_o time_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o london_n among_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o retirement_n of_o theonus_n and_o thadiocus_n the_o two_o other_o metropolitan_o of_o london_n and_o york_n who_o as_o 586._o matt._n westminster_n say_v do_v withdraw_v when_o their_o church_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o saxon_n with_o many_o of_o their_o clergy_n into_o wales_n where_o as_o long_o as_o that_o succession_n continue_v they_o may_v exercise_v some_o part_n of_o their_o function_n leave_v the_o main_a to_o the_o archbisbop_n of_o caerleon_n to_o who_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v and_o ranulphus_fw-la say_v that_o province_n extend_v as_o far_o as_o the_o severn_n and_o so_o take_v in_o chester_n hereford_n and_o worcester_n but_o before_o dubricius_n be_v so_o much_o advance_v the_o author_n of_o his_o life_n speak_v of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o scholar_n which_o flock_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n of_o britain_n not_o the_o rude_a and_o vulgar_a only_o but_o person_n of_o great_a reputation_n among_o who_o they_o name_v st._n theliaus_n samson_n aidanus_fw-la and_o many_o other_o two_o place_n they_o mention_v where_o he_o receive_v and_o instruct_v his_o disciple_n one_o at_o hentlan_n on_o the_o river_n wye_n where_o they_o say_v he_o have_v a_o thousand_o student_n with_o he_o who_o he_o bring_v up_o in_o humane_a and_o divine_a literature_n and_o the_o other_o be_v at_o moch-rhos_a where_o he_o have_v a_o place_n for_o study_n and_o devotion_n iltutus_n by_o 105._o vincentius_n and_o the_o 468._o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o samson_n be_v say_v positive_o to_o have_v be_v a_o disciple_n of_o st._n germanus_n and_o the_o 3._o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o gildas_n say_v that_o in_o the_o school_n of_o iltutus_n many_o nobleman_n son_n be_v bring_v up_o among_o who_o he_o reckon_v as_o the_o chief_a samson_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o the_o britain_n viz._n at_o dol_n in_o britanny_n paulus_n bishop_n of_o the_o oxismii_fw-la the_o most_o northern_a of_o the_o aremorici_n which_o bishopric_n be_v since_o divide_v into_o three_o treguier_n st._n pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n and_o st._n brieu_o and_o gildas_n call_v sapiens_fw-la of_o who_o afterward_o leland_n to_o these_o add_v david_n and_o paulinus_n and_o say_v his_o school_n flourish_v like_o a_o university_n among_o the_o britain_n 3._o bollandus_n and_o henschenius_n make_v a_o very_a probable_a conjecture_n that_o when_o st._n german_n come_v into_o britain_n and_o find_v the_o decay_n of_o learning_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o spread_a of_o pelagianism_n he_o appoint_v dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n to_o undertake_v the_o education_n of_o the_o british_a clergy_n and_o that_o by_o these_o mean_n as_o bede_n say_v these_o church_n continue_v
afterward_o pure_a and_o free_a from_o this_o heresy_n which_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o seasonable_a institution_n and_o hereby_o we_o see_v the_o british_a church_n be_v not_o defective_a in_o learning_n in_o their_o low_a condition_n when_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v their_o habitation_n and_o to_o fly_v into_o corner_n of_o which_o beside_o these_o nursery_n of_o dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n we_o have_v a_o famous_a instance_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o banchor_n which_o even_o 2._o bede_n say_v be_v furnish_v with_o learned_a man_n at_o the_o come_n of_o augustine_n into_o england_n this_o banchor_n be_v distant_a but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o chester_n as_o 31._o ranulphus_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la and_o bradshaw_n in_o his_o life_n of_o st._n werburg_n say_v 63._o leland_n in_o his_o itinerary_n describe_v the_o place_n as_o stand_v in_o a_o valley_n 308._o and_o have_v the_o compass_n of_o a_o wall_a town_n and_o two_o gate_n remain_v half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o 457._o camden_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o bomium_n in_o antoninus_n be_v ten_o mile_n distant_a from_o deva_n i._n e._n chester_n that_o which_o be_v most_o observable_a in_o this_o british_a monastery_n be_v that_o man_n there_o be_v breed_v up_o to_o learning_n and_o devotion_n together_o and_o so_o more_o resemble_v our_o college_n than_o the_o egyptian_a monastery_n where_o man_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o ignorance_n and_o labour_n as_o much_o as_o to_o devotion_n wherein_o the_o benedictines_n follow_v they_o according_a to_o their_o first_o institution_n for_o st._n benedict_n himself_o not_o only_o despise_v learning_n as_o the_o writer_n of_o his_o life_n say_v but_o he_o take_v no_o care_n about_o it_o in_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o order_n and_o when_o 141._o boniface_n give_v a_o account_n to_o zachary_n of_o his_o set_n up_o a_o benedictine_n monastery_n at_o fulda_n he_o set_v the_o monk_n out_o by_o their_o abstinence_n and_o hard_a labour_n with_o their_o own_o hand_n without_o servant_n it_o be_v true_a that_o 890._o trithemius_n speak_v much_o of_o the_o school_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o benedictine_n monastery_n but_o not_o before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 890._o which_o be_v after_o the_o 95._o constitution_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o appoint_v school_n for_o instruct_v youth_n both_o in_o monastery_n and_o cathedral_n which_o give_v the_o first_o countenance_n and_o encouragement_n to_o learning_n at_o that_o time_n and_o 1._o lupus_n ferrariensis_n say_v that_o the_o revive_n of_o learning_n be_v then_o owe_v to_o he_o but_o although_o these_o constitution_n extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o grammar_n school_n yet_o from_o hence_o those_o who_o be_v incline_v to_o learning_n in_o the_o monastery_n apply_v themselves_o more_o to_o it_o and_o by_o degree_n gain_v a_o great_a reputation_n by_o it_o as_o rabanus_n maurus_n at_o fulda_n who_o esteem_n draw_v lupus_n thither_o and_o many_o other_o which_o example_n prevail_v and_o the_o monk_n find_v such_o resort_n to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n as_o well_o as_o reputation_n as_o 1._o aub._n miraeus_n observe_v from_o that_o time_n the_o monastery_n be_v desirous_a to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o number_n to_o be_v eminent_a for_o learning_n which_o have_v be_v before_o so_o much_o neglect_v by_o they_o as_o whole_o beside_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o order_n but_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o western_a church_n before_o st._n benedict_n time_n such_o as_o that_o of_o st._n ambrose_n st._n eusebius_n of_o vercelles_n st._n augustine_n in_o africa_n st._n martin_n in_o gaul_n be_v chief_o intend_v as_o nursery_n to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o person_n educate_v therein_o be_v bring_v up_o with_o a_o design_n to_o do_v the_o church_n service_n afterward_o this_o method_n of_o education_n take_v so_o much_o in_o other_o church_n as_o in_o gaul_n where_o so_o many_o eminent_a bishop_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o lerin_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o caprasius_n st._n german_n who_o be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o st._n honoratus_n st._n hilary_n of_o arles_n and_o other_o of_o that_o education_n may_v probable_o be_v the_o first_o instrument_n of_o set_v up_o this_o way_n in_o the_o british_a church_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o st._n patrick_n who_o carry_v over_o this_o monastic_a education_n into_o ireland_n spend_v many_o year_n under_o the_o discipline_n of_o st._n german_n as_o 3._o probus_n and_o 22._o jocelin_n the_o writer_n of_o his_o life_n do_v agree_v and_o those_o who_o have_v write_v of_o st._n german_n have_v mention_v he_o as_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n as_o 537._o erricus_n of_o auxerre_n and_o 145._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v he_o be_v not_o only_o a_o disciple_n of_o saint_n german_n but_o be_v make_v bishop_n by_o celestine_n he_o be_v send_v by_o st._n german_n into_o ireland_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a monastery_n there_o be_v school_n like_o those_o of_o dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n for_o the_o breed_n of_o youth_n in_o learning_n for_o therein_o as_o rouse_v a_o antiquary_n in_o edward_n iv_o time_n say_v the_o master_n do_v teach_v secundum_fw-la formam_fw-la studiorum_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la according_a to_o the_o ancient_a method_n of_o learning_n which_o our_o learned_a 910._o primate_n understand_v of_o join_v the_o study_n of_o humane_a learning_n with_o divine_a of_o which_o he_o produce_v a_o instance_n in_o a_o ms._n of_o the_o library_n of_o worcester_n be_v a_o commentary_n of_o a_o irish_a bishop_n upon_o martianus_n capella_n astrology_n which_o he_o read_v to_o his_o disciple_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n remigius_n in_o down_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o opus_fw-la tripartitum_fw-la of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n say_v that_o he_o set_v up_o at_o armagh_n summum_fw-la studium_fw-la literale_fw-mi which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o that_o time_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o university_n only_o this_o be_v a_o law-term_n and_o imply_v a_o legal_a society_n incorporate_v for_o the_o profession_n of_o learning_n which_o the_o 8._o civilian_n tell_v we_o none_o but_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o a_o nation_n can_v do_v in_o this_o school_n at_o armagh_n caradoc_n of_o lancarvan_n in_o his_o life_n of_o gildas_n say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o professor_n studium_fw-la regens_fw-la &_o praedicans_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la ardmaca_fw-la but_o the_o anonymous_n author_n of_o his_o life_n publish_v out_o of_o a_o ancient_a ms._n by_o joh._n à _fw-la bosco_n 10._o say_v that_o gildas_n go_v over_o into_o ireland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ammeric_n i._n e._n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 566._o find_v both_o religion_n and_o learning_n much_o decay_v there_o and_o that_o he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o monastery_n and_o bring_v up_o many_o noble_a man_n son_n therein_o in_o his_o young_a day_n he_o say_v 6._o gildas_n go_v to_o iren_n and_o visit_v the_o school_n of_o many_o learned_a man_n and_o inquire_v their_o opinion_n in_o philosophical_a and_o divine_a matter_n some_o question_n have_v be_v make_v by_o learned_a man_n what_o this_o author_n mean_v by_o iren_n the_o most_o easy_a and_o obvious_a sense_n be_v to_o take_v it_o for_o ireland_n where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o school_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n patrick_n foundation_n and_o iris_n be_v use_v by_o 5._o diodorus_n siculus_n for_o ireland_n and_o vulcanil_n jerne_n in_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la and_o apuleius_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v irense_n by_o 109â—_n ordericus_n vitalis_n and_o the_o country_n be_v call_v erin_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o archbishop_n 9_o usher_n observe_v but_o the_o marginal_a note_n of_o joh._n à _fw-la bosco_n have_v lead_v some_o quite_o out_o of_o their_o way_n in_o seek_v for_o this_o place_n which_o be_v that_o iren_n be_v a_o university_n then_o in_o great_a britain_n and_o from_o hence_o they_o have_v proceed_v to_o prove_v our_o famous_a university_n of_o oxford_n to_o be_v mean_v by_o it_o 11._o first_o iren_n say_v they_o be_v mistake_v for_o icen_n and_o that_o for_o ychen_n and_o ychen_n for_o rydychen_n and_o rydychen_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o vadum_fw-la boum_fw-la and_o that_o be_v the_o same_o with_o oxford_n i_o can_v think_v learned_a man_n write_v these_o thing_n any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o sport_n of_o wit_n which_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o diversion_n and_o not_o for_o the_o conviction_n of_o the_o reader_n as_o likewise_o when_o the_o same_o author_n produce_v out_o of_o constantius_n his_o life_n of_o st._n german_n regionis_fw-la illius_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la to_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o university_n but_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o copy_n of_o asserius_fw-la print_v by_o camden_n be_v more_o material_a viz._n that_o st._n german_n stay_v half_a a_o year_n in_o oxford_n and_o approve_v the_o order_n make_v by_o gildas_n melkin_n nennius_n and_o
retire_v thither_o out_o of_o impatience_n of_o the_o roman_a yoke_n who_o by_o degree_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v that_o there_o be_v a_o stock_n of_o old_a britain_n in_o those_o northern_a part_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o army_n under_o galgacus_n and_o the_o action_n against_o vrbicus_n agricola_n marcellus_n and_o severus_n but_o their_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o roman_a legion_n who_o be_v place_v about_o the_o wall_n on_o purpose_n to_o take_v all_o advantage_n against_o they_o must_v needs_o exhaust_v they_o by_o degree_n and_o lessen_v they_o so_o much_o as_o to_o leave_v room_n enough_o for_o new_a recruit_n to_o come_v in_o and_o take_v up_o part_n of_o their_o country_n and_o although_o for_o their_o own_o security_n the_o part_n near_o the_o wall_n may_v be_v well_o supply_v on_o that_o side_n yet_o when_o so_o much_o blood_n retire_v to_o the_o heart_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o support_v life_n a_o great_a deal_n must_v be_v call_v off_o from_o the_o extreme_a part_n for_o a_o fresh_a supply_n of_o it_o and_o those_o part_n must_v needs_o be_v leave_v destitute_a of_o natural_a heat_n and_o strength_n enough_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o for_o during_o the_o war_n which_o continue_v for_o several_a age_n the_o very_a life_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n beyond_o the_o wall_n be_v in_o perpetual_a danger_n and_o not_o only_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n but_o the_o many_o disease_n and_o accident_n of_o war_n can_v not_o in_o so_o long_a a_o tract_n of_o time_n but_o very_o much_o impair_v the_o british_a strength_n and_o leave_v the_o remote_a part_n if_o not_o whole_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n yet_o not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o withstand_v a_o foreign_a invasion_n i_o grant_v that_o tacitus_n dio_n herodian_a vopiscus_n etc._n etc._n take_v no_o notice_n of_o any_o other_o enemy_n the_o roman_n hand_n at_o that_o time_n in_o those_o part_n beside_o the_o britain_n but_o then_o i_o think_v the_o argument_n may_v be_v thus_o turn_v upon_o camden_n what_o make_v the_o latter_a writer_n so_o express_o and_o distinct_o mention_v the_o pict_n if_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o old_a britain_n so_o often_o speak_v of_o by_o roman_a historian_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v why_o their_o continue_v a_o old_a custom_n shall_v now_o give_v they_o a_o new_a name_n the_o britain_n however_o rude_a be_v no_o more_o pict_n then_o than_o they_o be_v at_o caesar_n come_v what_o make_v the_o roman_a writer_n so_o of_o a_o sudden_a alter_v their_o style_n and_o leave_v off_o a_o name_n so_o famous_a among_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o name_n of_o pict_n which_o be_v not_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o first_o mention_n we_o find_v of_o they_o be_v in_o 11._o eumenius_n his_o panegyric_n to_o constantius_n where_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o different_a state_n of_o the_o britain_n when_o caesar_n subdue_v they_o from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o constantius_n his_o time_n then_o say_v he_o they_o be_v a_o rude_a half_o naked_a people_n and_o so_o easy_o vanquish_v but_o now_o the_o britain_n be_v exercise_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o the_o irish._n nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o than_o that_o eumenius_n here_o distinguish_v the_o pict_n from_o the_o britain_n and_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v enemy_n to_o each_o other_o neither_o can_v we_o reasonable_o think_v this_o a_o name_n then_o take_v up_o to_o distinguish_v the_o barbarous_a britain_n from_o the_o provincial_n for_o that_o distinction_n have_v now_o be_v of_o a_o very_o long_o stand_v and_o if_o it_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o that_o purpose_n we_o shall_v have_v meet_v with_o it_o in_o tacitus_n or_o dio_n or_o herodian_a or_o zosimus_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o extra-provincial_a britain_n under_o no_o other_o name_n but_o of_o britain_n sever._n dio_fw-mi be_v so_o exact_a as_o to_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o distinction_n then_o use_v for_o those_o britain_n and_o he_o say_v they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o maeatae_n and_o the_o caledonii_n if_o the_o name_n of_o pict_n have_v then_o comprehend_v they_o all_o no_o doubt_n he_o will_v have_v mention_v it_o on_o that_o occasion_n sever._n zonara_n likewise_o call_v they_o all_o then_o by_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n but_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o 7._o panegyrist_n himself_o call_v the_o caledonian_n pict_n who_o be_v certain_o britain_n his_o word_n be_v non_fw-la dico_fw-la caledonum_fw-la aliorúmque_fw-la pictorum_fw-la silvas_n &_o paludes_n where_o h._n valesius_fw-la observe_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v non_fw-la dicaledonum_fw-la aliorúmque_fw-la pictorum_fw-la for_o 8._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n say_v the_o pict_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o dicaledones_n and_o the_o vecturiones_n it_o be_v ingenious_o conjecture_v by_o mr._n camden_n that_o these_o name_n be_v take_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o people_n the_o first_o from_o deheâ—_n and_o caledones_n or_o the_o caledonian_n on_o the_o right-hand_a and_o the_o other_o from_o chwithic_n which_o signify_v the_o lefthand_n in_o the_o british_a language_n but_o archbishop_n 1021._o usher_n observe_v that_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o suppose_v the_o right-hand_a among_o the_o britain_n to_o be_v the_o west_n and_o the_o lefthand_n the_o east_n for_o he_o plain_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o one_o be_v understand_v the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o the_o north._n and_o 4._o bede_n show_v that_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a pict_n be_v divide_v from_o each_o other_o by_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o 7._o john_n fordon_n say_v be_v mount_n grampius_n which_o part_v the_o scot_n and_o the_o pict_n for_o the_o scot_n come_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pict_n country_n which_o lie_v next_o to_o ireland_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v thither_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o reuda_n as_o 1._o bede_n say_v who_o as_o some_o think_v be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o six_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o ulster_n who_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v with_o no_o small_a fleet_n come_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o settle_v themselves_o from_o who_o that_o country_n be_v call_v scotia_n which_o if_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantius_n as_o archbishop_n 547._o usher_n prove_v from_o the_o anonymous_n life_n of_o st._n patrick_n it_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o 20._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n say_v that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o scot_n and_o the_o pict_n be_v both_o join_v against_o the_o britain_n the_o scot_n as_o epist._n gildas_n and_o 12._o bede_n say_v come_v from_o the_o west_n and_o the_o pict_n from_o the_o north_n and_o so_o fabius_n ethelwerd_v say_v the_o pict_n come_v from_o the_o north_n and_o the_o scot_n from_o the_o west_n who_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o south-west_n part_n of_o caledonia_n beyond_o glota_n and_o bodotria_n or_o dumbritton_n and_o edinburgh_n frith_n and_o so_o the_o mons_fw-la grampius_n or_o the_o dorsum_fw-la britannicum_fw-la as_o some_o call_v it_o part_v the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n the_o old_a britain_n still_o live_v between_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o two_o frith_n for_o bede_n express_o say_v that_o both_o the_o scot_n and_o the_o pict_n live_v beyond_o they_o and_o he_o likewise_o add_v that_o upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n they_o take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o severus_n his_o wall_n where_o the_o britain_n dwell_v before_o i_o confess_v the_o roman_a province_n have_v different_a bound_n at_o several_a time_n it_o sometime_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o antoninus_n his_o wall_n or_o graham_n dike_n between_o the_o two_o frith_n sometime_o again_o it_o be_v bring_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o hadrian_n and_o severus_n his_o wall_n id_fw-la est_fw-la between_o the_o tine_n and_o the_o esk_n and_o bede_n think_v that_o the_o last_o wall_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v where_o severus_n his_o wall_n stand_v if_o so_o that_o whole_a country_n between_o the_o two_o wall_n must_v be_v then_o abandon_v for_o 100_o mile_n which_o 1027._o some_o object_n against_o as_o a_o improbable_a thing_n the_o wall_n be_v so_o much_o long_o and_o consequent_o more_o indefensible_a by_o the_o britain_n but_o in_o probability_n the_o britain_n be_v then_o willing_a to_o let_v their_o enemy_n have_v the_o more_o room_n to_o prevent_v be_v disturb_v by_o they_o and_o this_o be_v the_o main_a security_n they_o always_o have_v the_o n1_fw-la valli_n relate_v to_o this_o wall_n from_o hadrian_n time_n and_o although_o sometime_o in_o a_o bravery_n the_o roman_a soldier_n will_v march_v to_o antoninus_n his_o wall_n and_o drive_v the_o britain_n before_o they_o yet_o general_o the_o roman_a province_n be_v bound_v by_o severus_n his_o wall_n and_o therefore_o gallio_n ravenna_n may_v at_o last_o choose_v rather_o to_o make_v
not_o be_v the_o original_a pict_n but_o not_o call_v by_o that_o name_n till_o new_a colony_n come_v over_o to_o people_n the_o country_n after_o the_o terrible_a devastation_n of_o it_o by_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n for_o honorii_n claudian_n make_v thule_n the_o country_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o after_o all_o the_o dispute_n which_o have_v be_v about_o it_o 19_o olaus_n rudbeck_n have_v make_v it_o very_o probable_a that_o scandinavia_n be_v mean_v by_o it_o which_o he_o prove_v not_o only_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o procopius_n who_o affirm_v it_o but_o from_o the_o exact_a agreement_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o pytheas_n isidorus_n and_o other_o with_o that_o and_o neither_o with_o iseland_n nor_o any_o other_o place_n beside_o 1._o bede_n say_v the_o common_a tradition_n be_v that_o the_o pict_n come_v out_o of_o scythia_n which_o be_v affirm_v by_o matt._n westminster_n and_o many_o other_o but_o they_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o asian_a but_o the_o european_a scythia_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o all_o the_o most_o northern_a nation_n ab_fw-la extremo_fw-la aquilone_n say_v 13._o pliny_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v 12._o that_o the_o getae_n the_o daci_n and_o sarmatae_n and_o even_o the_o german_n be_v call_v scythian_n 4._o herodotus_n mention_n the_o northern_a scythian_n to_o who_o there_o be_v no_o access_n by_o those_o who_o dwell_v near_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n without_o the_o help_n of_o seven_o language_n and_o when_o darius_n fight_v with_o they_o they_o retire_v northwards_o towards_o their_o own_o country_n europa_n ptolemy_n place_n the_o royal_a scythian_n near_o the_o hyperborean_a mountain_n which_o can_v never_o be_v find_v in_o the_o vast_a plain_n of_o poland_n and_o muscovy_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n there_o answer_v to_o their_o description_n as_o 61._o hebersteinius_fw-la and_o 4._o mathias_n à _fw-fr micou_n confess_v and_o therefore_o 9_o olaus_n rudbeck_n have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v not_o without_o great_a show_n of_o reason_n that_o these_o mountain_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o sweden_n where_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v and_o that_o ptolemy_n be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n remove_v they_o several_a degree_n more_o eastward_o than_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v and_o so_o very_a much_o straighten_n scandinavia_n which_o 4._o jornandes_n call_v the_o workhouse_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o same_o jornandes_n affirm_v from_o josephus_n that_o the_o sueones_n be_v the_o true_a scythian_n who_o st._n xenophon_n take_v to_o be_v the_o govern_v people_n of_o europe_n in_o his_o time_n as_o the_o persian_n be_v in_o asia_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o africa_n and_o the_o old_a greek_a 11._o geographer_n as_o be_v say_v before_o know_v of_o but_o two_o nation_n in_o europe_n beside_o themselves_o viz._n the_o scythae_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o celtae_n towards_o the_o west_n these_o european_a scythian_n do_v make_v frequent_a expedition_n by_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o old_a gothick_n history_n and_o 7._o olaus_n rudbeck_n observe_v from_o they_o that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o they_o to_o go_v abroad_o by_o sea_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o of_o their_o prince_n to_o see_v for_o booty_n and_o 44._o tacitus_n say_v particular_o of_o the_o sueones_n that_o they_o be_v well_o provide_v of_o ship_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o improbability_n that_o these_o northern_a nation_n shall_v people_n that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o lie_v near_a to_o they_o and_o 1._o sueno_n the_o first_o historian_n of_o denmark_n say_v that_o helghi_n the_o son_n of_o haldan_n the_o son_n of_o skiold_a the_o first_o monarch_n there_o be_v so_o powerful_a at_o sea_n that_o he_o be_v call_v rex_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o 2._o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o have_v subdue_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sclavi_n he_o sail_v into_o divers_a passage_n of_o the_o sea_n gram._n andrea_n velleius_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v so_o soon_o and_o so_o much_o give_v to_o expedition_n by_o sea_n because_o their_o king_n have_v many_o child_n they_o think_v they_o best_o employ_v abroad_o in_o seek_v other_o country_n and_o get_v spoil_n at_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o old_a boast_n of_o the_o scythian_n concern_v their_o antiquity_n and_o nobility_n may_v be_v ground_v that_o say_v of_o galgacus_n that_o the_o caledonian_n britain_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a of_o any_o of_o they_o among_o these_o scythian_n 12._o pliny_n reckon_v the_o agathyrsi_n who_o have_v their_o name_n say_v 30._o olaus_n rudbeck_n from_o aggathyr_n one_o of_o the_o gothick_n name_n for_o neptune_n from_o agga_n signify_v power_n at_o sea_n and_o tire_v power_n at_o land_n these_o agathyrsi_n say_v he_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n who_o live_v near_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o sinus_n codanus_n and_o be_v wont_a to_o prey_v upon_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o sea_n jornandes_n place_v they_o in_o scandia_n and_o call_v they_o agantzyrios_fw-la they_o be_v remarkable_a in_o antiquity_n for_o paint_v their_o body_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v from_o virgil_n pictique_fw-la agathyrsi_n but_o from_o what_o 15._o solinus_n say_v of_o they_o that_o their_o body_n be_v paint_v colore_fw-la caeruleo_fw-la just_a as_o the_o old_a pict_n be_v germ._n tacitus_n observe_v of_o the_o arii_n a_o fierce_a northern_a people_n that_o they_o have_v tincta_fw-la corpora_fw-la i._n e._n be_v pict_n and_o the_o same_o 2._o virgil_n say_v of_o the_o geloni_n who_o be_v next_o neighbour_n to_o the_o agathyrsi_n so_o that_o 4._o hector_n boethius_n his_o conjecture_n be_v not_o at_o all_o improbable_a who_o deduce_v the_o picti_n from_o the_o agathyrsi_n i._n e._n from_o the_o maritime_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n or_o as_o he_o express_v it_o from_o those_o who_o come_v first_o out_o of_o sarmatia_n into_o the_o cimbrick_n chersonese_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o scotland_n this_o be_v to_o i_o the_o most_o probable_a account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o pict_n i_o now_o come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o to_o do_v right_a to_o all_o pretender_n i_o shall_v impartial_o set_v down_o the_o several_a claim_n of_o the_o scotish_n and_o irish_a antiquary_n and_o in_o pass_v make_v some_o remark_n upon_o they_o i_o begin_v with_o the_o scotish_n pretence_n 2._o dempster_n have_v give_v a_o large_a catalogue_n of_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n who_o he_o never_o see_v such_o as_o marcerius_n the_o first_o writer_n of_o their_o history_n who_o he_o place_v anno_fw-la dom._n 53._o from_o he_o 881._o he_o say_v veremundus_n take_v his_o material_n who_o hector_n boethius_n profess_v to_o follow_v and_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n another_o of_o hector_n great_a author_n who_o be_v say_v by_o he_o to_o have_v live_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1160._o about_o 80_o year_n after_o veremundus_n according_a to_o dempster_n computation_n lesly_n or_o robert_n turner_n as_o some_o think_v mention_n some_o ancient_a annal_n which_o hector_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o in_o particular_a but_o dempster_n do_v as_o those_o of_o paslet_n and_o scone_n and_o other_o monastery_n it_o will_v tend_v very_o much_o to_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n if_o some_o of_o these_o ancient_a annal_n or_o lieger_n book_n be_v print_v by_o some_o of_o their_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v never_o be_v want_v in_o that_o nation_n since_o hector_n time_n and_o it_o have_v render_v their_o credit_n the_o more_o suspicious_a because_o they_o have_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v up_o when_o all_o the_o old_a annal_n which_o have_v be_v find_v among_o we_o have_v either_o be_v careful_o publish_v or_o our_o writer_n have_v on_o all_o occasion_n appeal_v to_o their_o authority_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o own_o word_n to_o justify_v their_o assertion_n whether_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o hector_n buchanan_n or_o lesly_n as_o to_o these_o annal_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o determine_v i_o omit_v dempster_n other_o ancient_a author_n who_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o by_o any_o beside_o himself_o but_o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o even_o such_o as_o veremundus_n and_o cornelius_n shall_v never_o fall_v into_o any_o hand_n that_o i_o can_v find_v but_o those_o of_o hector_n boethius_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v never_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v john_n fordon'_v scoti-chronicon_a pit_n confound_v this_o author_n with_o john_n de_fw-fr fordam_n confessor_n to_o our_o king_n john_n and_o so_o place_n he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1210._o wherein_o he_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o learned_a 56._o ger._n vossius_fw-la he_o be_v abbot_n of_o ford_n in_o devonshire_n say_v leland_n and_o he_o mention_n no_o historical_a write_n of_o his_o but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o john_n fordon_n who_o write_v the_o scoti-chronicon_a live_v after_o
and_o that_o shall_v be_v concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o pict_n because_o we_o be_v tell_v 490._o this_o be_v the_o way_n to_o end_v the_o vexatious_a question_n about_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o most_o authentic_a record_n of_o ireland_n which_o be_v of_o such_o irrefragable_a authority_n that_o some_o be_v persuade_v have_v they_o be_v know_v to_o camden_n he_o will_v never_o have_v dispute_v the_o matter_n and_o so_o i_o think_v too_o but_o this_o irrefragable_a authority_n be_v that_o of_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v instruct_v in_o these_o particular_n 1._o that_o the_o pict_n serve_v in_o thracia_n under_o one_o policornus_fw-la 491._o a_o king_n of_o that_o country_n where_o their_o general_n gud_n take_v away_o the_o king_n life_n to_o prevent_v a_o attempt_n on_o his_o daughter_n and_o do_v not_o brutus_n serve_v king_n pandrasus_n with_o his_o army_n not_o far_o off_o in_o greece_n and_o methinks_v pandrasus_n be_v as_o good_a a_o name_n for_o a_o king_n of_o greece_n as_o polycornus_fw-la for_o the_o king_n of_o thrace_n but_o where_o be_v either_o of_o they_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o elsewhere_o 2._o that_o upon_o this_o the_o general_n and_o his_o army_n flee_v the_o country_n roam_v up_o and_o down_o at_o sea_n till_o they_o come_v to_o gaul_n and_o there_o they_o found_v the_o city_n of_o pictavia_n this_o be_v just_a geffrey_n for_o brutus_n come_v to_o gaul_n too_o and_o there_o fight_v with_o groffarius_fw-la king_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o found_v the_o city_n of_o tours_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o turonus_n brutus_n his_o nephew_n 3._o that_o upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v gaul_n and_o to_o go_v for_o ireland_n as_o brutus_n do_v for_o albion_n where_o they_o be_v entertain_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o britain_n who_o it_o seem_v make_v very_o early_a invasion_n upon_o ireland_n which_o still_o agree_v with_o geffrey_n history_n 4._o the_o story_n of_o the_o advice_n of_o trosdan_n the_o pictish_a magician_n for_o the_o irish_a army_n to_o bathe_v in_o the_o milk_n of_o 150_o white_a crumple-horned_n cow_n as_o a_o effectual_a antidote_n against_o the_o envenom_a arrow_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o strange_a success_n upon_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v match_v in_o geffrey_n 5._o that_o the_o pict_n grow_v insolent_a be_v force_v by_o herimon_n to_o retire_v to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n only_o with_o three_o irish_a woman_n whatever_o bede_n say_v of_o more_o or_o how_o different_o soever_o he_o relate_v the_o whole_a story_n of_o the_o pict_n for_o what_o be_v bede_n a_o poor_a monk_n authority_n to_o king_n cormach_n 6._o that_o from_o cathluan_a son_n to_o gud_n there_o be_v a_o constant_a succession_n of_o king_n of_o the_o pict_n in_o that_o country_n but_o not_o more_o exact_a than_o the_o succession_n of_o british_a king_n from_o king_n brutus_n and_o now_o i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o geffrey_n be_v not_o hardly_o deal_v with_o when_o such_o author_n be_v prefer_v so_o much_o before_o he_o we_o now_o return_v to_o the_o far_a account_n which_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n give_v of_o their_o own_o antiquity_n 4._o we_o be_v then_o to_o understand_v that_o beside_o the_o race_n descend_v from_o nemedus_n 11._o there_o be_v another_o call_v clanna_n gaoidhel_n or_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n concern_v who_o these_o thing_n be_v affirm_v 324._o 1._o that_o he_o be_v descend_v from_o niul_a a_o young_a son_n to_o feanusa_n farsa_n king_n of_o scythia_n who_o travel_v into_o egypt_n have_v a_o country_n there_o give_v he_o by_o pharaoh_n cingeris_fw-la call_v capacyront_n i_o suppose_v in_o the_o old_a egyptian_a language_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o pharaoh_n be_v daughter_n call_v scota_n whereas_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n do_v peremptory_o affirm_v it_o be_v gathelus_n himself_o be_v marry_v to_o she_o but_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o forget_v 332._o that_o this_o scythian_a king_n have_v a_o celebrate_a school_n on_o the_o plain_a of_o sennaar_n and_o one_o gaodel_n be_v there_o employ_v to_o compose_v or_o refine_v the_o irish_a language_n call_v from_o he_o gaodhelc_a or_o gaodhlec_n this_o be_v a_o strain_n beyond_o geffrey_n who_o never_o think_v of_o bring_v the_o british_a language_n from_o the_o plain_a of_o sennaar_n 2._o that_o gaodhel_n be_v posterity_n continue_v in_o egypt_n till_o the_o time_n of_o his_o grandchild_n sruth_n and_o then_o be_v force_v thence_o they_o land_v in_o crect_n where_o he_o die_v and_o his_o elder_a son_n eibhir_n scot_n go_v into_o scythia_n where_o one_o of_o his_o descendants_n kill_v restoir_n the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n and_o be_v force_v with_o his_o company_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o land_v in_o a_o island_n there_o just_a like_o geffrey_n largeâ—ia_n where_o brutus_n land_v but_o they_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o caronia_n another_o island_n in_o the_o pontic_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o riphean_a mountain_n a_o pretty_a kind_n of_o compass_n and_o here_o instead_o of_o diana_n oracle_n to_o brutus_n a_o old_a druyd_v tell_v they_o they_o shall_v never_o fix_v till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o western_a island_n and_o so_o they_o remove_v to_o gothia_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o generation_n they_o go_v to_o spain_n and_o do_v not_o this_o exceed_v the_o story_n of_o brute_n in_o the_o great_a probability_n of_o it_o which_o their_o late_a 9_o antiquary_n know_v not_o what_o to_o make_v of_o it_o be_v certain_a whoever_o invent_v it_o design_v to_o go_v beyond_o the_o author_n of_o the_o former_a but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o we_o be_v tell_v far_o from_o the_o same_o authentic_a irish_a annal_n 331._o 3._o that_o calamb_n call_v milead_n espain_n or_o milesius_n the_o spaniard_n great_a grandchild_n to_o bratha_n who_o bring_v they_o into_o spain_n go_v back_o into_o scythia_n and_o there_o serve_v as_o general_n under_o refloir_n 12._o king_n of_o the_o scythian_n from_o whence_o upon_o suspicion_n he_o flee_v into_o egypt_n and_o there_o marry_v pharaoh_n be_v daughter_n call_v scota_n and_o at_o last_o return_v to_o spain_n and_o there_o found_v braganza_n and_o here_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n fall_v in_o but_o be_v it_o not_o a_o little_a improbable_a to_o have_v the_o same_o scene_n act_v twice_o over_o two_o gaodel_n two_o refloir_n two_o scota_n twice_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o after_o much_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o may_v well_o say_v 333._o as_o our_o author_n do_v enough_o of_o these_o profound_a remote_a antiquity_n for_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v now_o to_o add_v any_o thing_n about_o the_o eight_o son_n of_o this_o milesius_n come_v to_o ireland_n and_o how_o the_o rest_n be_v kill_v the_o country_n be_v divide_v between_o eibhir_n and_o erimthon_n and_o the_o former_a be_v kill_v the_o latter_a become_v the_o first_o monarch_n of_o ireland_n from_o who_o descend_v 181_o monarch_n of_o this_o milesian_n race_n which_o must_v depend_v on_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o annal_n of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v but_o in_o short_a to_o give_v the_o true_a account_n of_o these_o fabulous_a antiquity_n we_o be_v then_o to_o consider_v that_o when_o the_o northern_a nation_n begin_v to_o have_v some_o smattering_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a learning_n they_o be_v never_o satisfy_v till_o by_o one_o mean_n or_o other_o they_o can_v deduce_v their_o original_a from_o some_o of_o the_o nation_n most_o celebrate_v in_o ancient_a book_n such_o be_v the_o trojan_n the_o greek_n and_o the_o egyptian_n as_o to_o the_o trojan_n the_o roman_n themselves_o have_v show_v the_o way_n to_o other_o nation_n for_o there_o be_v considerable_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o neither_o aeneas_n nor_o ascanius_n ever_o come_v into_o italy_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o 39_o dionysius_n halycarnasseus_n 13._o strabo_n and_o festus_n in_o the_o word_n roma_n hellanicus_n in_o dionysius_n say_v that_o ascanius_n from_o who_o brutus_n be_v derive_v never_o leave_v phrygia_n but_o only_o withdraw_v for_o a_o time_n to_o dascylites_n near_o the_o lake_n from_o he_o call_v the_o ascanian_a and_o afterward_o return_v to_o troy_n strabo_n say_v that_o ascanius_n reign_v at_o scepsis_n near_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n and_o that_o his_o posterity_n continue_v there_o a_o long_a time_n after_o with_o a_o royal_a title_n festus_n show_v that_o the_o old_a author_n be_v not_o agree_v where_o aeneas_n be_v bury_v many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o lay_v bury_v in_o the_o city_n berecinthia_n and_o some_o in_o dionysius_n say_v he_o die_v in_o thrace_n other_o in_o arcadia_n but_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o their_o glory_n to_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o trojan_n other_o nation_n of_o europe_n upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o roman_a
before_o which_o expedition_n of_o his_o happen_v anno_fw-la dom._n 343._o after_o his_o success_n over_o the_o frank_n and_o he_o pass_v a_o edict_n still_o exstant_fw-la in_o the_o 5._o theodosian_a code_n when_o he_o be_v at_o bologn_n in_o his_o passage_n which_o bear_v date_n that_o year_n and_o a_o coin_n of_o he_o be_v mention_v by_o 33._o du_n cange_n and_o 134._o spanheim_n wherein_o the_o effigy_n of_o constans_n be_v on_o one_o side_n and_o on_o the_o reverse_n a_o arm_a man_n on_o shipboard_n with_o the_o image_n of_o victory_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o bononia_n oceanen_n be_v coin_v on_o purpose_n to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o this_o passage_n and_o upon_o his_o come_n over_o thing_n be_v quiet_v here_o but_o not_o long_o after_o they_o begin_v to_o make_v new_a incursion_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o province_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o forego_n passage_n of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n when_o lupicinus_n be_v send_v over_o who_o arrive_v at_o london_n say_v he_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o winter_n to_o take_v counsel_n how_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n the_o same_o historian_n 4._o say_v that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o general_a disturbance_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o lie_v near_o they_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o mention_n the_o pict_n who_o some_o render_v redshanks_n the_o saxon_n the_o scot_n and_o the_o attacot_n who_o be_v continual_o vex_v and_o do_v mischief_n to_o the_o britain_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o 8._o britain_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o miserable_a condition_n by_o a_o new_a conspiracy_n of_o the_o barbarian_n wherein_o nectaridus_n the_o comes_fw-la maritimi_fw-la tractûs_fw-la or_o roman_a admiral_n and_o fallofaudes_n the_o general_n be_v both_o kill_v and_o then_o valentinian_n send_v over_o theodosius_n a_o famous_a captain_n father_n to_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n with_o considerable_a force_n for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o pict_n of_o both_o kind_n the_o deucalidones_n and_o vecturiones_n the_o attacotti_n a_o fierce_a nation_n and_o the_o scot_n disperse_v themselves_o up_o and_o down_o do_v abundance_n of_o mischief_n but_o theodosius_n leave_v london_n disperse_v his_o force_n likewise_o into_o several_a part_n who_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n and_o recover_v their_o booty_n which_o they_o restore_v to_o the_o owner_n only_o reserve_v a_o small_a share_n for_o the_o soldier_n and_o so_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o put_v the_o city_n out_o of_o its_o fear_n and_o difficulty_n and_o enter_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o triumph_n and_o then_o take_v care_n to_o have_v good_a officer_n place_v here_o civilis_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o dulcitius_n for_o military_a affair_n who_o these_o attacotti_n be_v who_o join_v with_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n our_o antiquary_n be_v not_o agree_v but_o because_o of_o their_o join_n with_o the_o other_o and_o yet_o be_v distinguish_v from_o they_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v the_o wild_a britain_n for_o 2._o st._n hierome_n do_v say_v they_o be_v a_o british_a people_n but_o what_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n be_v be_v not_o yet_o understand_v and_o i_o doubt_n will_v not_o be_v unless_o some_o happen_v to_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o phoenician_n language_n what_o great_a mischief_n have_v be_v do_v to_o the_o britain_n by_o this_o combination_n of_o their_o enemy_n appear_v by_o the_o care_n take_v by_o theodosius_n after_o his_o beat_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n to_o restore_v the_o city_n and_o garrison_n and_o to_o settle_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n which_o be_v do_v that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o he_o recover_v from_o they_o he_o obtain_v leave_v to_o have_v it_o name_v a_o new_a province_n and_o it_o be_v call_v valentia_n from_o the_o emperor_n name_n this_o be_v do_v anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 368._o and_o the_o next_o year_n theodosius_n return_v to_o the_o emperor_n court._n from_o that_o time_n we_o read_v no_o more_o of_o their_o incursion_n till_o maximus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o gratian_n son_n to_o valentinian_n be_v set_v up_o by_o the_o soldiery_n in_o britain_n to_o be_v emperor_n then_o init_fw-la prosper_v set_v out_o by_o pithaeus_n say_v maximus_n overcome_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n make_v new_a incursion_n which_o he_o think_v he_o have_v do_v so_o effectual_o as_o to_o fear_v no_o disturbance_n on_o that_o side_n and_o therefore_o take_v away_o from_o hence_o all_o the_o flower_n both_o of_o the_o roman_a and_o british_a soldiery_n to_o make_v good_a his_o title_n against_o gratian_n and_o valentinian_n and_o after_o against_o theodosius_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o their_o return_n to_o secure_v the_o frontier_n from_o their_o enemy_n and_o this_o prove_v the_o fatal_a blow_n to_o the_o britain_n for_o the_o empire_n be_v so_o divide_v and_o maximus_n force_v to_o keep_v his_o army_n together_o those_o part_n be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o rage_n and_o fury_n of_o their_o merciless_a enemy_n and_o if_o the_o 590._o author_n of_o the_o eulogium_fw-la and_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la may_v be_v believe_v gratian_n and_o valentinian_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o gothick_n pict_n and_o help_v they_o with_o ship_n to_o convey_v they_o into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n on_o purpose_n to_o withdraw_v maximus_n his_o army_n out_o of_o gaul_n who_o come_v thither_o in_o great_a number_n and_o find_v the_o country_n naked_a and_o without_o defence_n settle_v themselves_o in_o those_o part_n not_o as_o though_o the_o pict_n have_v not_o come_v hither_o before_o but_o they_o never_o come_v over_o in_o so_o great_a number_n and_o with_o so_o much_o encouragement_n as_o they_o do_v now_o and_o it_o seem_v not_o improbable_a that_o gratian_n and_o valentinian_n shall_v at_o that_o time_n deal_v with_o the_o gothick_n nation_n to_o give_v a_o diversion_n to_o maximus_n for_o 760._o zosimus_n assign_v that_o as_o one_o of_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o gratian_n ruin_n that_o he_o seem_v more_o fond_a of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n than_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o maximus_n charge_v valentinian_n with_o make_v use_n of_o the_o hunns_n and_o the_o alani_n against_o he_o which_o be_v not_o deny_v by_o 27._o st._n ambrose_n who_o be_v send_v by_o valentinian_n on_o a_o embassy_n to_o he_o these_o hunni_n and_o alani_n be_v as_o be_v common_o say_v inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n europaea_n near_o to_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n the_o alani_n do_v live_v upon_o the_o tanais_n say_v 153._o hadrianus_n valesius_fw-la and_o the_o hunni_n say_v he_o be_v a_o scythian_a people_n between_o the_o pontus_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n upon_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o caucasus_n from_o who_o the_o abares_n turk_n and_o hungarian_n be_v descend_v but_o whosoever_o observe_v 2._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n his_o description_n of_o they_o will_v find_v that_o the_o hunni_n be_v the_o asiatic_a tartar_n and_o the_o alani_n the_o european_a the_o hunni_n in_o the_o time_n of_o valens_n pass_v over_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n in_o vast_a number_n and_o after_o have_v kill_v many_o of_o the_o alani_n take_v the_o rest_n into_o confederacy_n with_o they_o and_o have_v conquer_v the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n enlarge_v their_o power_n as_o far_o as_o the_o danube_n where_o they_o lie_v ready_a to_o come_v into_o the_o roman_a empire_n on_o any_o occasion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v if_o gratian_n shall_v employ_v person_n into_o scandinavia_n to_o draw_v out_o great_a force_n from_o thence_o thereby_o to_o make_v a_o revulsion_n as_o to_o maximus_n his_o design_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n however_o this_o be_v gildas_n from_o this_o time_n date_n the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o the_o britain_n as_o be_v in_o no_o posture_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o home_n 23._o nennius_n say_v that_o maximianus_n as_o he_o call_v he_o carry_v all_o the_o force_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o kill_v gratian_n the_o emperor_n and_o will_v not_o let_v the_o british_a soldier_n return_v to_o their_o wife_n child_n or_o possession_n but_o give_v they_o another_o country_n instead_o of_o it_o in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o gaul_n say_v the_o interpolatour_n of_o nennius_n and_o these_o say_v nennius_n be_v the_o aremorican_a britain_n who_o never_o after_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n and_o from_o hence_o he_o say_v britain_n be_v seize_v upon_o by_o foreign_a nation_n and_o its_o own_o native_n be_v drive_v out_o and_o will_v so_o continue_v till_o god_n help_v they_o but_o the_o british_a history_n set_v forth_o by_o 4._o geffrey_n have_v improve_v the_o story_n in_o many_o particular_n first_o it_o make_v this_o maximianus_n to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o octavius_n and_o so_o to_o come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o
gaul_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o julian_n they_o quick_o return_v and_o fix_v their_o habitation_n by_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o salii_fw-la who_o be_v frank_n do_v in_o taxandria_n which_o be_v more_o within_o land_n and_o where_o as_o 8._o godfrey_n wendelin_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o salic_a law_n be_v first_o make_v which_o taxandria_n according_a to_o he_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o maes_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n by_o the_o tamera_n on_o the_o south_n and_o by_o the_o scheld_v on_o the_o west_n and_o here_o upon_o submission_n the_o frank_n be_v permit_v to_o live_v and_o this_o be_v thence_o forward_o call_v francia_n minor_n 11._o and_o he_o mention_n a_o place_n there_o still_o call_v vranrijck_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n but_o a_o very_a small_a one_o and_o other_o call_v seilberg_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la seelbendens_fw-la the_o salian_a meadow_n seleheim_fw-ge the_o house_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la 13._o but_o the_o other_o frank_n be_v by_o stilicho_n mean_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o possession_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n they_o come_v into_o the_o part_n about_o tongre_n near_o to_o taxandria_n and_o there_o join_v in_o one_o body_n and_o set_v up_o king_n among_o themselves_o as_o he_o show_v from_o gregorious_a turonensis_n and_o then_o they_o make_v that_o body_n of_o law_n call_v the_o salic_a law_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o saxon_n 1._o vbbo_n emmius_n a_o learned_a and_o judicious_a historian_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n who_o inhabit_v on_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n the_o frisii_n dwell_v from_o the_o middle_a stream_n of_o the_o rhine_n about_o vtrecht_n to_o the_o river_n amasus_n eems_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o elb_n live_v the_o chauci_n divide_v into_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a by_o the_o weser_n a_o great_a part_n of_o these_o leave_v their_o native_a soil_n join_v with_o the_o sicambri_n on_o the_o rhine_n who_o from_o their_o affect_a liberty_n be_v call_v frank_n beyond_o the_o elb_n be_v the_o saxon_n and_o the_o cimbri_n these_o saxon_n be_v press_v by_o the_o more_o northern_a people_n or_o for_o their_o own_o conveniency_n come_v southwards_o and_o take_v possession_n first_o of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o chauci_n dwell_v and_o by_o degree_n prevail_v all_o the_o other_o people_n who_o join_v with_o or_o submit_v to_o the_o saxon_n be_v call_v by_o their_o name_n 3._o and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o frisii_n from_o who_o coast_n he_o suppose_v the_o two_o brother_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n to_o have_v go_v into_o britain_n and_o return_v thither_o carry_v over_o a_o far_o great_a number_n with_o they_o not_o so_o much_o to_o fight_v as_o to_o inhabit_v there_o he_o think_v it_o most_o probable_a that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n by_o their_o descent_n be_v original_o saxon_n but_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o go_v over_o with_o they_o be_v rather_o frisian_n than_o saxon_n which_o he_o prove_v not_o only_o from_o the_o great_a facility_n of_o passage_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o friesland_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o own_o annal_n but_o from_o the_o great_a agreement_n of_o the_o english_a language_n with_o they_o than_o with_o the_o saxon_a or_o any_o other_o german_a dialect_n and_o because_o 10._o bede_n reckon_v the_o frisian_n among_o those_o from_o who_o the_o english_a be_v derive_v and_o wilfrid_n wickbert_n willibrord_n preach_v to_o the_o frisian_n in_o their_o own_o tongue_n as_o he_o prove_v from_o marcellinus_n his_o life_n of_o suîdbert_n and_o procopius_n reckon_v the_o frisian_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n but_o he_o say_v far_a that_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n continue_v still_o so_o very_o great_a that_o from_o thence_o he_o conclude_v many_o more_o to_o have_v go_v out_o of_o friesland_n into_o britain_n than_o either_o of_o the_o saxon_n jute_n or_o angles_n but_o to_o all_o this_o our_o learned_a 400._o primate_n answer_v that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n may_v be_v true_a frisian_n there_o be_v a_o frisia_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o jutland_n which_o saxon_a grammaticus_n call_v the_o lesser_a frisia_n and_o be_v part_v by_o the_o eidore_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la on_o the_o east_n and_o of_o the_o saxon_n on_o the_o south_n but_o whatever_o suffridus_n petrus_n or_o such_o author_n contend_v for_o as_o to_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v original_o frisian_n vbbo_n emmius_n quit_v that_o point_n upon_o 15._o bede_n genealogy_n and_o grant_v they_o be_v saxon_n be_v the_o son_n of_o victgilsus_fw-la who_o father_n be_v vitta_fw-la the_o son_n of_o vecta_n who_o father_n be_v voden_a of_o who_o race_n the_o king_n of_o many_o province_n be_v descend_v it_o do_v not_o seem_v at_o all_o probable_a that_o these_o live_v in_o the_o lesser_a frisia_n which_o be_v hardly_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o but_o by_o 14._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o daniae_n pontanus_n tell_v we_o be_v not_o above_o four_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n upon_o the_o seashore_n but_o suppose_v that_o saxon_a comprehend_v dithmar_n under_o it_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n that_o the_o colony_n of_o frisian_n be_v remove_v thither_o before_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n come_v for_o britain_n and_o helmoldus_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o adolphus_n ii_o count_n of_o holstein_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1137._o but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v hengist_n and_o horsa_n but_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o people_n which_o may_v be_v still_o of_o the_o great_a frisia_n for_o which_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n be_v a_o considerable_a argument_n which_o do_v not_o depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o marcellinus_n his_o life_n of_o suîdbert_n but_o upon_o the_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o since_o several_a english_a go_v thither_o to_o preach_v and_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n continue_v so_o great_a still_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v either_o that_o the_o frisian_n come_v over_o hither_o or_o that_o the_o frisian_a and_o saxon_a language_n be_v then_o the_o same_o and_o 20._o procopius_n his_o testimony_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v who_o place_n the_o frisian_n in_o britain_n for_o although_o he_o call_v it_o brettia_n it_o be_v certain_a he_o mean_v great_a britain_n because_o he_o place_v the_o angles_n together_o with_o the_o frisian_n in_o it_o so_o that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o question_v the_o angle_n as_o the_o frisian_n come_v hither_o if_o procopius_n his_o authority_n signify_v any_o thing_n i_o know_v that_o our_o most_o learned_a 419._o primate_n take_v this_o brettia_n for_o the_o island_n of_o the_o batavi_n because_o joh._n leidensis_n say_v that_o upon_o the_o saxon_n invasion_n some_o of_o the_o britain_n flee_v into_o holland_n and_o there_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n build_v that_o famous_a castle_n call_v britton_n and_o subdue_v the_o people_n thereabouts_o but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o improbable_a for_o any_o one_o that_o look_v into_o the_o description_n of_o it_o in_o etc._n scriverius_n his_o antiquitates_fw-la batavicae_fw-la will_v conclude_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o roman_a work_n which_o a_o person_n of_o his_o judgement_n can_v not_o but_o discern_v but_o he_o say_v it_o be_v possess_v then_o by_o the_o britain_n which_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o this_o joh._n gerbrandus_fw-la of_o leyden_n who_o be_v a_o late_a writer_n and_o of_o no_o great_a esteem_n with_o he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n but_o how_o come_v the_o angle_n to_o live_v here_o with_o the_o frisian_n and_o britain_n for_o that_o the_o same_o gerbrandus_fw-la be_v cite_v who_o say_v that_o when_o part_n of_o hengist_n be_v army_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o britain_n they_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o leyden_n and_o so_o we_o have_v the_o britain_n dwell_n there_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o saxon_n drive_v out_o by_o the_o britain_n only_a to_o make_v this_o to_o be_v the_o island_n brettia_n in_o procopius_n distinct_a from_o great_a britain_n but_o to_o proceed_v 3._o adamus_n bremensis_n who_o live_v near_o to_o jutland_n say_v that_o the_o saxon_n who_o go_v over_o into_o britain_n live_v near_o the_o rhine_n 111._o engelhusius_n late_o publish_v out_o of_o mss._n by_o maderus_n and_o who_o live_v in_o the_o low_a saxony_n say_v that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n go_v out_o of_o westphalia_n from_o a_o place_n call_v enghere_o and_o instead_o of_o engerschen_n call_v themselves_o engelschen_n 15._o suffridus_n petrus_n say_v those_o people_n be_v call_v angrivarii_n and_o the_o country_n angria_n which_o be_v subdue_v by_o udolphus_fw-la father_n to_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n and_o prince_n of_o frisia_n but_o their_o mother_n
name_n be_v suana_n daughter_n to_o vectgistus_fw-la a_o great_a man_n about_o hamburgh_n if_o he_o suppose_v hamburgh_n then_o build_v he_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v for_o it_o be_v only_o a_o castle_n erect_v on_o the_o elb_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a for_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o sclavi_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o 811._o eginhardus_fw-la and_o 810._o albertus_n stadensis_n after_o which_o he_o build_v a_o city_n and_o found_v a_o church_n there_o as_o adamus_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n agree_v which_o city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o neighbour_n wood_n call_v in_o the_o saxon_a hamme_n as_o 13._o lambecius_n say_v in_o ditmarse_n there_o be_v two_o wood_n still_o call_v suderhamme_n and_o norderhamme_n but_o to_o return_v to_o suffrifridus_fw-la when_o according_a to_o custom_n say_v he_o a_o colony_n of_o frisian_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v their_o captain_n and_o so_o go_v for_o old_a england_n or_o anglen_n in_o jutland_n where_o they_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o mean_n of_o vetgistus_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o come_v into_o britain_n from_o hence_o he_o find_v fault_n with_o crantzius_n for_o make_v angria_n in_o westphalia_n to_o be_v old_a anglen_n and_o say_v that_o bede_n only_o reckon_v the_o mother_n line_n and_o not_o the_o father_n but_o his_o occa_fw-la scarlensis_n on_o who_o he_o chief_o rely_v be_v much_o such_o another_o author_n as_o hunibaldus_n or_o geffrey_n or_o hector_n veremundus_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o he_o for_o i_o perceive_v scarce_o any_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n want_v such_o author_n who_o endeavour_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o history_n by_o their_o own_o invention_n so_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v open_a the_o pretend_a antiquity_n in_o order_n to_o the_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a the_o late_a bishop_n of_o 88_o munster_n a_o person_n of_o far_o great_a judgement_n and_o learning_n than_o suffridus_n petrus_n call_v his_o original_n of_o the_o saxon_n by_o no_o better_a a_o title_n than_o of_o canorae_fw-la nugae_fw-la sound_a trifle_n have_v no_o foundation_n in_o good_a authority_n the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o the_o saxon_n be_v this_o that_o they_o at_o first_o live_v beyond_o the_o elb_n where_o they_o have_v the_o same_o situation_n with_o tacitus_n his_o angli_fw-la etc._n who_o he_o make_v the_o far_a of_o the_o suevi_n and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v the_o same_o people_n that_o in_o bede_n time_n they_o be_v come_v on_o this_o side_n the_o weser_n and_o be_v settle_v in_o westphalia_n and_o so_o they_o make_v a_o threefold_a saxony_n of_o the_o ostphali_n angrivarii_n and_o westphali_n who_o be_v call_v olt-saxons_a by_o bede_n and_o other_o not_o that_o these_o be_v all_o original_o saxon_n but_o they_o bear_v the_o same_o name_n be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a league_n so_o that_o as_o all_o the_o german_n which_o go_v into_o gaul_n be_v call_v frank_n so_o those_o who_o prevail_v in_o germany_n and_o go_v into_o britain_n be_v call_v saxon_n but_o 16._o olaus_n rudbeck_n after_o all_o have_v find_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o saxon_n more_o north_n than_o jutland_n where_o say_v he_o the_o name_n of_o the_o saxon_n can_v never_o yet_o be_v find_v and_o where_o be_v no_o mountain_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o upon_o which_o ptolemy_n place_v they_o on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o cimbrick_n chersonese_n but_o in_o that_o part_n of_o sweden_n which_o lie_v between_o vermelandia_n and_o angermannia_n he_o have_v find_v norsaxen_a and_o sodersaxen_a and_o saxehundari_fw-la and_o saxewall_n and_o saxen_a etc._n etc._n 16._o and_o in_o smaland_n he_o have_v discover_v many_o place_n take_v from_o the_o angles_n as_o angle_v hundred_o angloridia_n anglodorpia_n engelbeck_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o our_o better_a understanding_n the_o condition_n of_o that_o people_n who_o be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o britain_n it_o will_v be_v most_o material_a to_o consider_v what_o be_v say_v of_o they_o by_o those_o who_o descend_v from_o they_o and_o live_v here_o not_o long_o after_o their_o come_n 15._o bede_n who_o be_v himself_o a_o saxon_a and_o live_v near_a the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n come_v hither_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v understand_v best_o who_o they_o be_v and_o whence_o they_o come_v and_o although_o at_o the_o beginning_n he_o make_v the_o angle_n and_o saxon_n all_o one_o say_v the_o angle_n or_o saxon_n be_v invite_v by_o king_n vortigern_n come_v hither_o in_o three_o keel_n or_o long_a boat_n at_o first_o yet_o when_o he_o add_v that_o number_n come_v afterward_o he_o than_o distinguish_v they_o into_o three_o distinct_a sort_n of_o people_n viz._n the_o saxon_n angles_n and_o jute_n the_o saxon_n he_o say_v come_v from_o that_o place_n which_o be_v then_o call_v saxony_n the_o angles_n from_o the_o country_n call_v angulus_n which_o remain_v desert_n to_o this_o day_n and_o lay_v between_o the_o province_n of_o the_o jute_n and_o saxon_n and_o much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 1._o fabius_n ethelwerd_v only_o he_o say_v that_o they_o come_v de_fw-fr saxonia_n anglia_fw-it atque_fw-la giota_n saxony_n he_o say_v be_v then_o call_v ealdsexe_n and_o for_o anglia_fw-it he_o say_v it_o lay_v between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o gioti_n who_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n be_v call_v sleswic_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n but_o by_o this_o account_n all_o these_o people_n who_o come_v hither_o to_o assist_v the_o britain_n and_o after_o conquer_v they_o and_o possess_v their_o land_n must_v come_v out_o of_o that_o chersonese_n call_v jutland_n take_v it_o in_o the_o large_a extent_n not_o only_o to_o the_o eidore_n but_o from_o the_o eidore_n to_o the_o elb._n for_o if_o the_o angli_fw-la come_v from_o about_o sleswic_n and_o lay_v between_o the_o jute_n and_o the_o old_a saxon_n then_o the_o jute_n possess_v all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o chersonese_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o northern_a jutland_n and_o the_o southern_a jutland_n take_v within_o it_o all_o that_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o angli_fw-la which_o reach_v no_o far_o than_o between_o sleswic_n and_o flensburgh_n which_o in_o the_o modern_a map_n be_v still_o call_v angelen_n and_o so_o the_o country_n lie_v between_o the_o elb_n and_o the_o eidore_n comprehend_v hostein_n dithmars_n and_o stormar_n must_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_n which_o by_o 8._o adamus_n bremensis_n and_o 5._o helmoldus_n be_v call_v nortalbingia_n and_o by_o 785._o eginhartus_fw-la saxonia_n transalbiana_n by_o 785._o albertus_n stadensis_n transalbia_n where_o the_o saxon_n remain_v in_o so_o great_a number_n that_o charles_n the_o great_a can_v not_o total_o subdue_v they_o till_o after_o a_o war_n of_o above_o thirty_o year_n as_o the_o forementioned_a author_n assure_v we_o and_o caroli_n eginhartus_fw-la who_o authority_n be_v unquestionable_a say_v that_o charles_n have_v no_o war_n more_o tedious_a or_o more_o fierce_a than_o that_o which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o saxon_n and_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o it_o he_o be_v force_v to_o remove_v 10000_o saxon_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n elb_n and_o to_o disperse_v they_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o jutland_n which_o bede_n say_v be_v leave_v desolate_a to_o his_o time_n upon_o the_o remove_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la daniae_fw-la adamus_n bremensis_n give_v another_o reason_n for_o it_o say_v that_o jutland_n be_v the_o most_o uncultivated_a part_n of_o all_o germany_n and_o the_o least_o fit_a for_o humane_a habitation_n be_v so_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a and_o so_o obnoxious_a to_o pirate_n from_o both_o sea_n but_o since_o the_o saxon_n angles_n and_o jute_n come_v into_o britain_n take_v possession_n of_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o as_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o viz._n the_o jute_n kent_n the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o part_n of_o hampshire_n the_o saxon_n sussex_n essex_n middlesex_n the_o south_n part_n of_o hartfordshire_n surrey_n the_o other_o part_n of_o hampshire_n berkshire_n wiltshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n devonshire_n and_o part_n of_o cornwall_n the_o angles_n norfolk_n suffolk_z cambridge_n the_o midland_n and_o northern_a county_n it_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o since_o there_o be_v so_o few_o inhabitant_n then_o in_o jutland_n and_o so_o many_o saxon_n leave_v behind_o there_o be_v not_o far_o great_a probability_n that_o these_o shall_v come_v from_o all_o the_o maritime_a coast_n from_o the_o rhine_n to_o jutland_n than_o mere_o out_o of_o such_o a_o unpeopled_a country_n as_o that_o be_v i_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o distinction_n of_o people_n that_o bede_n mention_n nor_o their_o come_n original_o out_o of_o jutland_n or_o rather_o through_o jutland_n but_o i_o think_v all_o circumstance_n
north_n against_o ambrose_n among_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o he_o and_o put_v to_o flight_n but_o afterward_o he_o hire_v a_o saxon_a to_o poison_n ambrose_n at_o winchester_n this_o say_v matthew_n westminster_n happen_v anno_fw-la dom._n 497._o but_o we_o be_v not_o to_o pass_v over_o what_o he_o affirm_v of_o he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 485._o viz._n that_o he_o command_v in_o the_o battle_n at_o mecredsburn_n against_o aella_n and_o his_o son_n in_o which_o they_o be_v so_o much_o worsted_n as_o to_o send_v home_o for_o supply_n as_o he_o say_v this_o aella_n and_o his_o son_n cyman_n plenting_a and_o cissa_n come_v into_o britain_n anno_fw-la dom._n 477._o and_o land_v at_o a_o place_n from_o his_o elder_a son_n call_v cymenshore_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o sussex_n 223._o camden_n say_v it_o have_v lose_v its_o name_n but_o he_o prove_v from_o a_o charter_n of_o cedwalla_n to_o the_o church_n of_o selsey_n it_o must_v be_v near_o wittering_n here_o aella_n and_o his_o army_n fight_v the_o britain_n at_o his_o first_o land_v and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v to_o andredeswald_n say_v the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o matt._n westminster_n florentius_n and_o huntingdon_n the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o huntingdon_n call_v it_o andredesleage_v by_o that_o no_o question_n be_v mean_v the_o vast_a wood_n which_o begin_v in_o kent_n and_o run_v through_o sussex_n into_o hampshire_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n coid_a andr_v by_o the_o saxon_n andr_v and_o andreswald_n from_o whence_o as_o mr._n somner_n observe_v that_o part_n of_o kent_n where_o the_o wood_n stand_v be_v still_o call_v the_o weald_n and_o 211._o lambard_n observe_v that_o no_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o weald_n either_o of_o kent_n or_o sussex_n the_o saxon_n after_o this_o battle_n continue_v to_o inhabit_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o at_o last_o the_o britain_n find_v they_o to_o encroach_v far_o resolve_v to_o fight_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v mecredsburn_n and_o a_o different_a account_n be_v give_v of_o the_o success_n of_o this_o battle_n the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o ethelwerd_v only_o mention_v it_o boast_v of_o no_o victory_n florentius_n make_v it_o a_o clear_a victory_n on_o the_o saxon_a side_n matt._n westminster_n say_v aella_n quit_v the_o field_n but_o confess_v the_o britain_n have_v great_a loss_n h._n of_o huntingdon_n say_v it_o be_v a_o draw_v battle_n both_o army_n have_v sustain_v great_a damage_n and_o avoid_v each_o other_o after_o this_o aella_n and_o cissa_n say_v the_o saxon_a annal_n besiege_v andredescester_n and_o kill_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n leave_v not_o one_o britain_n alive_a and_o so_o florentius_n and_o matt._n westminster_n relate_v it_o but_o he_o 492._o say_v that_o the_o britain_n come_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o gall_v the_o saxon_n so_o much_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o divide_v their_o army_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n perish_v by_o famine_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o saxon_n utter_o demolish_v the_o city_n and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v be_v in_o his_o time_n show_v to_o traveller_n therefore_o the_o question_n among_o our_o antiquary_n which_o be_v the_o anderida_n of_o the_o ancient_n newenden_n or_o hastings_n or_o pemsey_n be_v quite_o out_o of_o door_n unless_o one_o of_o these_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o anderida_n since_o matt._n westminster_n day_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o edw._n 3._o those_o word_n 247._o camden_n apply_v only_o to_o h._n of_o huntingdon_n and_o he_o say_v it_o be_v new_o build_v in_o edw._n 1._o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o call_v newenden_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o matt._n westminster_n be_v who_o live_v after_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v newenden_n if_o it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o for_o he_o say_v the_o desolate_a place_n be_v show_v in_o his_o time_n unless_o one_o transcribe_v the_o other_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o own_o time_n after_o ambrose_n his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o 2._o british_a history_n his_o brother_n uther_n pendragon_n succeed_v who_o rout_v the_o saxon_n in_o the_o north_n relieve_v york_n besiege_v by_o they_o take_v the_o son_n of_o hengist_n prisoner_n march_v to_o london_n and_o there_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o be_v solemn_o crown_v and_o fall_v out_o with_o goalois_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n about_o his_o wife_n igerna_n and_o under_o his_o shape_n have_v king_n arthur_n by_o she_o but_o her_o husband_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o his_o castle_n after_o which_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n at_o verulam_n where_o he_o be_v after_o poison_v by_o their_o mean_n and_o his_o son_n arthur_n succeed_v this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o what_o be_v there_o more_o at_o large_a relate_v but_o take_v it_o all_o together_o it_o be_v a_o very_a blind_a and_o partial_a account_n of_o the_o proceed_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n of_o that_o time_n for_o even_o matt._n westminster_n anno_fw-la dom._n 494_o take_v notice_n of_o cerdic_n and_o kenric_n his_o son_n land_v with_o new_a force_n at_o a_o place_n call_v from_o he_o cerdicshore_o near_a yarmouth_n say_v 348._o camden_n where_o the_o name_n cerdicsand_fw-mi still_o remain_v and_o fight_v the_o britain_n at_o their_o first_o land_v till_o they_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v and_o leave_v room_n for_o they_o who_o after_o go_v into_o the_o western_a part_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n florentius_n ethelwerd_v and_o huntingdon_n seven_o year_n after_o he_o come_v port_n and_o his_o two_o son_n bleda_n and_o magla_n and_o arrive_v at_o portsmouth_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o he_o as_o the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o from_o the_o saxon_a annal_n now_o how_o come_v geffrey_n to_o think_v of_o none_o of_o these_o but_o only_o of_o hengist_n two_o son_n in_o the_o north_n beside_o he_o let_v slip_v one_o of_o the_o great_a battle_n that_o be_v fight_v between_o cerdic_n and_o nathanleod_n and_o pretend_v to_o give_v no_o account_n at_o all_o of_o it_o this_o the_o saxon_a annal_n florentius_n ethelwerd_v and_o matt._n westminster_n all_o place_n anno_fw-la dom._n 508._o but_o huntingdon_n the_o sixti_v year_n after_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_n this_o nazaleod_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n one_o of_o great_a fame_n and_o pride_n from_o who_o the_o country_n about_o charford_n do_v take_v its_o name_n at_o this_o place_n the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o cerdic_n procure_v assistence_n from_o aesc_n of_o kent_n from_o aella_n of_o sussex_n from_o port_n and_o his_o son_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o pitch_a battle_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o both_o side_n and_o nazaleod_n behave_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o courage_n that_o he_o drive_v cerdic_n out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o pursue_v he_o which_o his_o son_n who_o command_v the_o other_o wing_n perceive_v follow_v he_o close_o and_o cut_v he_o off_o and_o 5000_o of_o his_o man_n who_o flee_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o king_n and_o from_o this_o memorable_a battle_n the_o place_n be_v call_v cerdicsford_n and_o since_o charford_n upon_o the_o aven_n between_o salisbury_n and_o ringwood_n but_o who_o be_v this_o mighty_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o this_o battle_n 187._o mr._n camden_n profess_v he_o can_v guess_v unless_o it_o be_v aurelius_n ambrose_n who_o name_n he_o observe_v the_o saxon_a annalist_n never_o mention_v nor_o the_o battle_n wherein_o they_o be_v worsted_n and_o the_o british_a history_n be_v even_o with_o they_o for_o that_o which_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o great_a fight_n wherein_o their_o king_n be_v slay_v matt._n westminster_n will_v not_o have_v he_o to_o be_v king_n but_o only_o to_o be_v general_n under_o uther_n who_o be_v then_o sick_a which_o contradict_v ethelwerd_v and_o huntingdon_n and_o florentius_n who_o affirm_v he_o to_o have_v be_v then_o king_n and_o as_o huntingdon_n say_v rex_fw-la maximus_fw-la britannorum_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o imply_v that_o there_o be_v more_o king_n then_o among_o the_o britain_n as_o there_o be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o that_o one_o be_v the_o chief_a as_o in_o the_o heptarchy_n archbishop_z 466._o usher_n think_v this_o king_n be_v the_o same_o who_o the_o british_a history_n call_v uther_n and_o that_o nathanleod_n be_v his_o true_a name_n and_o uther_n be_v a_o nickname_n to_o denote_v his_o fierceness_n as_o the_o annotatour_n on_o 63._o nennius_n call_v arthur_n mab_n uter_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o so_o arthurus_n in_o latin_a