unto_o larecaja_n join_v tipuane_a a_o country_n inhabit_v by_o savage_a indian_n with_o who_o we_o have_v have_v war_n and_o make_v incursion_n upon_o they_o ever_o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n where_o i_o be_v present_a and_o be_v now_o above_o twenty_o year_n ago_o this_o country_n be_v so_o large_o report_v to_o be_v rich_a in_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v incredible_a unless_o so_o many_o eye-witness_n have_v affirm_v it_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o this_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n be_v chaquiyapu_n which_o we_o corrupt_o call_v chuquiabo_fw-la which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v chacra_n or_o the_o farm_n of_o gold_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o mine_n in_o it_o that_o be_v wrought_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n it_o be_v a_o soil_n general_o know_v to_o be_v fertile_a of_o metal_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rain_v the_o boy_n often_o pick_v up_o gold_n in_o the_o street_n in_o small_a bit_n like_o the_o kernel_n of_o apple_n especial_o in_o that_o street_n that_o go_v down_o to_o the_o river_n by_o the_o convent_n of_o the_o predicadore_v and_o in_o the_o valley_n of_o coroico_n and_o other_o which_o they_o call_v andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr chuquiabo_fw-la in_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o rock_n gold_n be_v find_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n on_o the_o outside_n like_v unto_o lead_n the_o silver_n mine_n of_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o st._n philip_n of_o austria_n oruro_n be_v encompass_v round_o about_o with_o other_o hill_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o rich_a vein_n of_o pure_a gold_n which_o have_v be_v wrought_v heretofore_o at_o present_a there_o be_v only_o one_o wrought_v and_o that_o by_o my_o persuasion_n upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o that_o mountain_n that_o run_v over_o the_o silver-mill_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr las_fw-fr sepolturas_fw-la the_o oar_n whereof_o be_v well_o ground_n to_o powder_n and_o ensay_v by_o quicksilver_n yield_v a_o considerable_a profit_n they_o have_v not_o follow_v any_o more_o of_o the_o vein_n for_o want_v of_o industry_n their_o common_a trade_n be_v get_v of_o silver_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o in_o those_o vein_n they_o have_v already_o wrought_v they_o have_v not_o get_v so_o much_o gold_n as_o they_o expect_v although_o that_o ought_v not_o to_o discourage_v they_o because_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v that_o where_o so_o many_o vein_n of_o gold_n be_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o very_o rich_a if_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o light_v upon_o they_o the_o same_o which_o daily_a experience_n have_v show_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o bound_n of_o chayanta_n be_v full_a of_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v some_o ancient_a mine_n already_o sink_v in_o they_o and_o in_o the_o sand_n of_o its_o river_n which_o be_v call_v el_fw-es rio_n grande_fw-fr kernel_n of_o gold_n be_v find_v and_o in_o the_o river_n of_o tinquepaya_n seven_o league_n from_o this_o city_n of_o potosi_n they_o have_v find_v gold_n also_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o paccha_n chuquichuqui_fw-la and_o presto_fw-it near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o chuquisaca_n there_o be_v many_o cave_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v get_v some_o show_n of_o gold_n the_o like_a also_o be_v find_v from_o the_o river_n sopachuy_n up_o unto_o the_o chiriguanes_n where_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n of_o gold_n which_o the_o indian_n have_v this_o year_n offer_v to_o discover_v unto_o we_o the_o river_n of_o st._n juan_n which_o run_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chiquas_fw-la where_o it_o join_v with_o the_o calchaguy_n be_v very_o full_a of_o gold_n in_o esmoraca_n and_o chillio_n of_o the_o same_o province_n the_o ancient_a gold_n mine_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v there_o be_v one_o hill_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o colcha_n which_o have_v gold_n in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o mine_n also_o three_o league_n from_o this_o town_n in_o a_o place_n they_o call_v abitanis_n which_o in_o the_o lipean_a language_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o mine_n of_o gold_n i_o believe_v for_o a_o certain_a also_o that_o there_o be_v gold_n in_o the_o province_n of_o atacama_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fine_a lapis_fw-la lazuli_fw-la which_o be_v find_v there_o in_o which_o gold_n be_v engender_v chap._n 27._o of_o silver_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o silver_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o metal_n except_o gold_n whereunto_o it_o come_v so_o near_o as_o to_o want_v nothing_o but_o the_o colour_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o most_o of_o all_o oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o transmutation_n of_o metal_n one_o into_o another_o do_v yet_o hold_v it_o possible_a to_o turn_v silver_n into_o gold_n because_o the_o colour_n only_o be_v want_v the_o fire_n and_o artificial_a concoction_n can_v supply_v that_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o experiment_n from_o the_o good_a mixture_n and_o fineness_n of_o its_o part_n proceed_v its_o endure_v the_o fire_n with_o very_o little_a waste_n as_o also_o its_o be_v tough_a and_o malleable_a and_o endure_v the_o draw_v out_o into_o very_o thin_a leaf_n and_o small_a wire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o common_a trade_n to_o do_v it_o it_o will_v not_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o 1400_o yard_n of_o wire_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o admirable_a that_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v gild_a wire_n with_o only_o six_o grain_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o although_o silver_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o admiration_n yet_o gold_n be_v a_o hundred_o time_n more_o ductile_a than_o it_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n suffer_v its_o self_n to_o be_v beat_v to_o that_o thinness_n as_o to_o overspread_v ten_o hanegada_n of_o land_n in_o the_o mine_n oftentimes_o silver_n be_v find_v white_a and_o pure_a and_o like_a as_o it_o be_v wire_n weave_v one_o within_o the_o other_o between_o the_o rock_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v metal_n machacada_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o mine_n they_o call_v the_o turk_n in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n in_o choquepina_n a_o mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n two_o league_n from_o berenguela_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n in_o the_o mountain_n that_o i_o discover_v and_o register_v half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o work_n of_o st._n christopher_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n in_o yaco_n of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n which_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o oar_n yield_v rich_a copper_n there_o be_v find_v last_o year_n a_o stone_n coated_a over_o with_o white_a silver_n the_o metal_n contain_v within_o be_v yellow_a like_a unto_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o lion_n and_o in_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o chocaya_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o chichas_n in_o the_o rich_a stone_n of_o that_o oar_n they_o have_v find_v much_o silver_n like_o wire_n weave_v together_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o all_o the_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o stone_n have_v be_v find_v make_v into_o silver_n wire_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o wedge_n of_o pure_a silver_n but_o no_o other_o mine_n have_v produe_v the_o like_a unto_o that_o of_o st._n christopher_n in_o oruro_n which_o beside_o the_o leaf_n of_o fine_a silver_n that_o be_v find_v between_o the_o stone_n produce_v fine_a silver_n also_o in_o small_a dust_n mingle_v with_o the_o mould_n or_o earth_n that_o be_v dug_n there_o which_o may_v be_v get_v together_o without_o any_o more_o trouble_n than_o wash_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o use_v the_o gold_n that_o be_v find_v in_o sand_n but_o most_o common_o in_o all_o mine_n silver_n be_v find_v incorporate_v with_o the_o stone_n and_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a nor_o to_o be_v know_v but_o by_o man_n of_o good_a experience_n in_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o charcas_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o silver_n mine_n that_o they_o alone_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o in_o the_o world_n be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o with_o riches_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n stand_v the_o wonderful_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n of_o who_o treasure_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v liberal_o participate_v the_o excellency_n whereof_o &_o of_o that_o imperail_a city_n whereunto_o it_o have_v give_v the_o name_n do_v so_o much_o surmount_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a world_n that_o they_o very_o well_o deserve_v a_o particular_a history_n to_o eternize_v their_o fame_n it_o be_v surround_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o abundance_n of_o rich_a mine_n that_o of_o porco_n be_v the_o famous_a mine_n of_o the_o ingas_n and_o the_o first_o out_o of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n dig_v any_o
the_o art_n of_o metal_n in_o which_o be_v declare_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o generation_n and_o the_o concomitant_n of_o them_o in_o two_o book_n write_a in_o spanish_a by_o albaro_n alonso_n barba_fw-la master_n of_o art_n curate_z of_o st._n bernard_n parish_n in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o potosi_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n in_o the_o west-indies_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o translate_v in_o the_o year_n 1669._o by_o the_o r._n h._n edward_n earl_n of_o sandwich_n london_n print_v for_o s._n mearne_v stationer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n 1674._o the_o preface_n gentle_a reader_n thou_o have_v now_o in_o thy_o hand_n a_o jewel_n so_o esteem_v in_o spain_n and_o the_o indies_n that_o there_o they_o sell_v even_o all_o they_o have_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n to_o boot_v to_o purchase_v it_o for_o have_v this_o they_o think_v that_o therewith_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o thing_n in_o this_o world_n i_o mean_v give_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o that_o country_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o purchase_n of_o the_o other_o indeed_o there_o be_v some_o in_o all_o nation_n that_o will_v sell_v that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o ever_o shall_v have_v but_o this_o be_v a_o jewel_n so_o rare_a that_o few_o have_v it_o to_o sell_v for_o it_o be_v conceal_v like_o the_o great_a arcanum_n the_o philosopher_n stone_n and_o only_o traditional_o deliver_v to_o the_o adepti_fw-la but_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o this_o true_a nobleman_n of_o england_n he_o not_o envy_v the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n so_o great_a a_o benefit_n nor_o be_v willing_a so_o great_a a_o treasure_n shall_v be_v wrap_v up_o in_o a_o napkin_n he_o honour_v and_o enrich_v our_o language_n with_o it_o be_v content_v that_o all_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n people_n shall_v be_v philosopher_n concern_v he_o i_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v he_o have_v write_v his_o own_o history_n in_o such_o indelible_a character_n of_o gallantry_n and_o honour_n that_o neither_o sea_n nor_o earth_n can_v contain_v they_o and_o as_o he_o have_v few_o or_o none_o before_o he_o who_o he_o can_v imitate_v so_o i_o fear_v he_o have_v leave_v but_o few_o behind_o that_o will_v care_v to_o follow_v his_o generous_a example_n the_o manner_n how_o metal_n and_o other_o substance_n that_o accompany_v they_o be_v engender_v chap._n 1._o of_o the_o companion_n of_o metal_n and_o first_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o several_a colour_n thereof_o all_o the_o inanimate_a thing_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v reducible_a into_o one_o of_o these_o four_o kind_n of_o mixture_n viz._n either_o metal_n stone_n earth_n or_o juice_n nature_n produce_v these_o mingle_a one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o because_o the_o art_n of_o separate_n of_o metal_n can_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n without_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o other_o three_o as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v therefore_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o these_o a_o little_a by_o the_o word_n earth_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o pure_a and_o simple_a element_n whereof_o the_o philosopher_n say_v all_o mix_v sublunary_a body_n be_v compose_v neither_o do_v i_o mean_v that_o which_o be_v so_o gross_a as_o it_o remain_v mix_v with_o metal_n vitriol_n or_o other_o juice_n but_o i_o mean_v such_o a_o earthy_a substance_n as_o neither_o melt_v in_o the_o fire_n nor_o dissolve_v in_o the_o water_n as_o metal_n and_o juice_n do_v nor_o be_v so_o compact_a or_o hard_o as_o be_v stone_n some_o report_n aristotle_n to_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o pure_a elementary_a earth_n be_v void_a of_o colour_n strabo_n affirm_v it_o to_o be_v white_a because_o ash_n be_v of_o that_o colour_n but_o the_o miner_n may_v rest_v secure_a that_o dig_v he_o never_o so_o deep_a he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o such_o pure_a element_n of_o earth_n to_o make_v new_a experiment_n by_o because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o world_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a mixture_n of_o the_o element_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o pure_a earth_n that_o have_v be_v find_v cardona_n will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o very_a dark_a grey_n in_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o earth_n we_o see_v how_o rich_a nature_n have_v adorn_v the_o world_n with_o variety_n of_o colour_n cause_v by_o difference_n of_o exhalation_n as_o theoprastus_n say_v or_o by_o difference_n of_o heat_n as_o aristotle_n say_v and_o both_o true_o for_o if_o under_o earth_n that_o have_v not_o its_o natural_a and_o proper_a colour_n there_o be_v find_v metal_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o exhalation_n from_o those_o metal_n have_v discolour_v the_o ground_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o metal_n find_v there_o than_o the_o discolour_n proceed_v from_o the_o consume_a power_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n beside_o the_o discolour_n that_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o exhalation_n carry_v a_o glister_a and_o shine_v along_o with_o it_o and_o the_o discolour_n from_o the_o sun_n over-concoction_n only_o be_v obscure_a or_o iron-coloured_a or_o black_n from_o what_o be_v already_o say_v considerable_a conjectur_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o mine_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o cliff_n or_o by_o the_o tilth_n plough_v up_o upon_o the_o mountain_n as_o daily_a experience_n have_v show_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o spain_n chap._n 2._o of_o the_o divers_a smell_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n in_o produce_v variety_n of_o smell_v of_o earth_n be_v also_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n ordinary_o the_o earth_n smell_v well_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o first_o rain_v after_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n be_v past_a the_o dry_a time_n have_v bake_v together_o the_o moderate_a humidity_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n from_o whence_o all_o good_a smell_n proceed_v and_o the_o first_o rain_v dissolve_v that_o again_o which_o be_v exhale_v by_o moderate_a heat_n make_v the_o good_a scent_n which_o we_o perceive_v some_o sort_n of_o earthen_a vessel_n also_o have_v this_o privilege_n as_o that_o of_o estremos_n in_o portugal_n and_o of_o nata_fw-la in_o panama_n which_o be_v high_o esteem_v in_o europe_n for_o that_o quality_n in_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o malacca_n in_o the_o east-indies_n they_o say_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o smell_v admirable_o in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o be_v little_o esteem_v and_o they_o make_v all_o their_o most_o servile_a sort_n of_o ware_n of_o it_o and_o in_o some_o mine_n good_a smell_a earth_n have_v be_v meet_v withal_o although_o most_o common_o that_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o ill_a scent_n agricola_n relate_v that_o when_o henry_n prince_n of_o saxony_n be_v in_o mariemburg_n there_o come_v so_o sweet_a a_o smell_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v st._n sebastian_n that_o the_o prince_n admire_v thereat_o and_o say_v that_o he_o think_v he_o be_v in_o calivet_n that_o famous_a country_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o for_o its_o rare_a smell_n and_o other_o excellency_n have_v be_v think_v by_o judicious_a man_n to_o be_v the_o paradise_n wherein_o adam_n of_o old_a and_o the_o father_n now_o enjoy_v god_n upon_o earth_n the_o metal_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v palos_n be_v of_o a_o good_a smell_n if_o they_o light_v not_o upon_o some_o bastard_n mineral_n that_o accompany_v and_o have_v infect_v it_o and_o this_o good_a smell_n be_v a_o great_a sign_n of_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o stone_n of_o that_o mine_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o get_v there_o call_v lampos_n this_o experiment_n be_v ordinary_a in_o lead_n or_o tin_n mine_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o miner_n to_o judge_v of_o their_o oar_n by_o the_o smell_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o taste_n other_o sort_n of_o metal_n for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v a_o ill_a smell_n either_o because_o of_o their_o own_o natural_a distemper_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o be_v general_o mix_v with_o brimston_n copperas_n or_o other_o malignant_a juice_n some_o do_v think_v that_o over_o and_o above_o what_o have_v be_v say_v there_o be_v some_o matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o stink_a and_o abominable_a that_o it_o do_v correspond_v with_o the_o ordure_n of_o animal_n the_o truth_n be_v that_o there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o earth_n that_o instant_o kill_v with_o a_o pestilential_a smell_n and_o set_v aside_o the_o story_n of_o this_o kind_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o remote_a country_n i_o shall_v relate_v two_o example_n where_o i_o myself_o be_v present_a which_o be_v at_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o rich_a country_n of_o
san_n christoval_n delos_fw-la lip_n at_o that_o time_n in_o a_o beautiful_a high_a hill_n that_o together_o with_o other_o encompass_n the_o dwell_n of_o the_o miner_n two_o galleguares_n find_v a_o mine_n which_o at_o first_o they_o call_v after_o their_o own_o name_n but_o ever_o since_o to_o this_o present_a it_o be_v call_v from_o its_o effect_n the_o stink_a mine_n at_o first_o they_o get_v out_o of_o it_o very_o rich_a oar_n tacana_n between_o white_a chalk_n and_o as_o they_o begin_v to_o sink_v deep_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v over_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o most_o abominable_a ill_n smell_v they_o meet_v withal_o which_o kill_v several_a of_o the_o miner_n indian_n and_o so_o it_o lay_v unwrought_a for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o which_o time_n another_o miner_n i_o be_v then_o in_o the_o country_n undertake_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o work_n of_o it_o think_v that_o have_v lie_v still_o so_o long_o after_o its_o first_o open_v the_o ill_a quality_n will_v have_v be_v evaporate_v but_o that_o experiment_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o two_o indian_n more_o whereupon_o they_o forbear_v the_o work_n and_o have_v do_v so_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o which_o i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o wonder_v at_o as_o to_o see_v with_o my_o eye_n the_o ground_n open_v in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o that_o mountain_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o forementioned_a i_o and_o in_o dig_v scarce_o a_o yard_n deep_a such_o a_o stink_n come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n as_o force_v the_o labourer_n to_o give_v over_o and_o as_o i_o pass_v by_o those_o pit_n a_o few_o day_n after_o i_o see_v divers_a bird_n and_o serpent_n dead_a in_o they_o have_v be_v entoxicated_a by_o that_o poisonous_a smell_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o forbid_a hill_n until_o divine_a providence_n make_v way_n for_o the_o mining_n of_o the_o same_o be_v build_v dwell_v house_n and_o a_o mill_n to_o grind_v metal_n withal_o adjoin_v unto_o a_o marish_a ground_n which_o in_o every_o place_n where_o they_o dig_v to_o lay_v the_o shallow_a foundation_n of_o those_o building_n the_o same_o smell_n break_v out_o as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v and_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n boil_v like_a unto_o a_o cellar_n full_a of_o wine_n on_o the_o must_v exceed_v troublesome_a and_o noisome_a unto_o we_o though_o we_o be_v stand_v by_o in_o the_o open_a air_n in_o the_o famous_a country_n of_o mine_n verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n in_o which_o the_o indian_n procure_v a_o patent_n to_o dig_v before_o that_o of_o potosi_n be_v in_o use_n because_o its_o vein_n be_v esteem_v much_o rich_a than_o potosi_n and_o upon_o trial_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o and_o the_o oar_n get_v there_o inferior_a to_o none_o in_o the_o indies_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o that_o country_n call_v sancta_fw-la juanna_n a_o miner_n follow_v a_o very_a rich_a and_o plentiful_a vein_n of_o silver_n and_o intend_v to_o discover_v more_o of_o the_o like_a he_o determine_v to_o break_v a_o hole_n into_o a_o old_a vault_n country_n and_o set_v two_o indian_n upon_o the_o work_n who_o after_o a_o few_o blow_n discover_v a_o vacuity_n out_o of_o which_o come_v so_o pestilential_a a_o stink_n that_o kill_v the_o two_o indian_n present_o and_o almost_o stifle_v other_o that_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o they_o in_o the_o mine_n who_o nevertheless_o run_v out_o and_o tell_v their_o master_n what_o have_v happen_v he_o make_v haste_n to_o the_o mine_n hope_v to_o save_v the_o indian_n but_o at_o first_o entrance_n into_o the_o ground_n upon_o the_o stair_n by_o which_o they_o go_v down_o into_o the_o mine_n he_o fall_v down_o dead_a and_o his_o body_n remain_v there_o no_o body_n dare_v to_o go_v down_o and_o take_v it_o away_o to_o bury_v it_o in_o another_o mine_n in_o the_o same_o mountain_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o i_o see_v a_o thick_a exhalation_n or_o poisonous_a vapour_n gush_v forth_o make_v a_o terrible_a noise_n and_o be_v of_o quality_n bad_a enough_o to_o kill_v one_o that_o will_v stay_v long_o in_o that_o mine_n put_v out_o the_o candle_n when_o we_o hold_v they_o to_o it_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o malignity_n of_o the_o air_n as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o constant_a experience_n of_o all_o miner_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v to_o be_v the_o more_o take_v notice_n of_o chap._n 3._o how_o to_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o taste_n the_o artist_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o metal_n before_o he_o give_v his_o judgement_n leave_v no_o experiment_n untried_a that_o may_v be_v considerable_a for_o his_o information_n and_o therefore_o use_v his_o taste_n which_o discover_v the_o pureness_n of_o metal_n as_o well_o as_o smell_v do_v pure_a earth_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o taste_n and_o that_o earth_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o mineral_n common_o have_v a_o bad_a taste_n because_o scarce_o any_o mineral_n but_o be_v a_o dust_n and_o they_o be_v all_o dry_a when_o as_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o sweetness_n or_o good_a taste_n be_v humidity_n now_o since_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v such_o a_o mixture_n in_o it_o be_v great_o dispose_v also_o to_o contain_v metal_n of_o like_a condition_n the_o curious_a miner_n ought_v to_o make_v trial_n by_o taste_v hold_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a truth_n that_o metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o other_o be_v find_v as_o often_o in_o the_o form_n of_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o spanish_a miner_n language_n be_v call_v lampos_n as_o in_o stone_n or_o oar._n the_o taste_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v get_v well_o by_o infuse_v it_o in_o curious_a water_n especial_o if_o you_o set_v it_o upon_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o boil_v once_o or_o twice_o and_o then_o cool_v again_o whereby_o may_v be_v discern_v the_o mixture_n or_o juice_n which_o it_o contain_v and_o one_o that_o will_v improve_v this_o experiment_n may_v separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o infusion_n substantial_o and_o visible_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o place_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o preparation_n of_o metal_n to_o make_v they_o beneficial_a chap._n 4._o of_o the_o name_n and_o use_v of_o some_o sort_n of_o earth_n in_o the_o book_n of_o physic_n some_o kind_n of_o earth_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o effect_n which_o they_o have_v upon_o man_n body_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unnecessary_a that_o the_o miner_n have_v the_o knowledge_n to_o distinguish_v they_o when_o they_o come_v in_o his_o way_n 1._o lemnian-earth_n so_o call_v from_o the_o island_n lemnos_n where_o it_o be_v find_v be_v very_o red_a and_o much_o like_a unto_o red_a oaker_n or_o red_a lead_n but_o it_o have_v this_o notable_a difference_n that_o it_o will_v not_o colour_v one_o finger_n in_o touch_v it_o as_o do_v the_o other_o it_o be_v esteem_v as_o rich_a as_o gold_n and_o sell_v so_o weight_n for_o weight_n one_o cause_n of_o the_o dearness_n of_o it_o be_v the_o scarcity_n of_o it_o in_o the_o world_n and_o another_o be_v because_o they_o dig_v it_o only_o on_o one_o day_n in_o the_o year_n be_v superstitious_o persuade_v that_o that_o earth_n of_o this_o kind_n only_o have_v virtue_n in_o it_o that_o be_v dug_n upon_o the_o 6_o 16_o of_o august_n it_o be_v a_o rare_a antidote_n against_o any_o kind_n of_o poison_n or_o pestilence_n 2._o that_o earth_n which_o be_v common_o call_v bol_n armeniac_a from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v find_v only_o in_o armenia_n be_v very_o like_o the_o lemnian-earth_n aforesaid_a only_o it_o be_v not_o red_a but_o palish_a white_a or_o sallow-coloured_a there_o be_v excellent_a good_a of_o it_o and_o in_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o west-indian_a mine_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o rich_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n and_o in_o those_o of_o oruro_n divers_a be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o common_a bol_n be_v that_o which_o diascorides_n call_v la_fw-fr rubrica_fw-la synopica_fw-la and_o that_o the_o oriental_a bol_n armeniac_a be_v the_o true_a lemnian-earth_n 3._o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o eritrian-earth_n one_o pure_a white_a the_o other_o of_o a_o ash-colour_n and_o this_o last_o be_v the_o better_a and_o be_v know_v by_o rub_v it_o upon_o polish_a copper_n where_o it_o will_v leave_v a_o tincture_n of_o violet_n colour_n it_o have_v virtue_n to_o stench_n blood_n and_o to_o cool_v and_o heal_v green_a wound_n 4._o the_o earth_n of_o samia_n be_v light_a white_a earth_n and_o will_v stick_v to_o one_o tongue_n if_o you_o touch_v it_o with_o it_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o yet_o will_v melt_v there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o it_o call_v aster_n that_o be_v close_a and_o hard_o as_o a_o stone_n both_o of_o they_o have_v the_o eritrian_a virtue_n in_o they_o viz._n to_o be_v
excellent_a antidote_n against_o poison_n or_o the_o bite_n of_o serpent_n 5._o the_o earth_n call_v chia_n be_v white_a incline_v to_o ash-colour_n much_o like_o that_o of_o samia_n and_o have_v the_o same_o virtue_n and_o over_o and_o above_o that_o it_o take_v wrinkle_n out_o of_o the_o face_n and_o give_v a_o good_a complexion_n 6._o selinusion-earth_n have_v the_o same_o quality_n as_o the_o last_o aforemention_v the_o best_a kind_n of_o it_o be_v that_o which_o glister_v much_o be_v white_a and_o brittle_a and_o soon_o dissolve_v in_o water_n 7._o cimolian-earth_n be_v white_a although_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o it_o that_o incline_v unto_o purple_a the_o best_a be_v that_o which_o be_v most_o greasy_a and_o be_v very_o cold_a in_o one_o hand_n it_o dissolve_v imposthume_n and_o little_a swell_n and_o in_o case_n of_o a_o burn_v it_o will_v keep_v the_o flesh_n from_o blister_a 8._o the_o poigite_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o the_o eritrian_a but_o be_v find_v in_o big_a lump_n it_o cool_v and_o refresh_v the_o hand_n that_o touch_v it_o and_o if_o one_o lick_v it_o it_o will_v stick_v much_o unto_o the_o tongue_n its_o virtue_n be_v those_o of_o cimolian-earth_n 9_o the_o melian-earth_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n like_o eritrian_a but_o it_o feel_v rough_a and_o make_v a_o noise_n between_o the_o finger_n like_o a_o pomice-stone_n it_o have_v the_o virtue_n of_o alum_n but_o very_o weak_a as_o one_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o taste_n for_o it_o will_v make_v the_o tongue_n something_o dry_a it_o cleanse_v the_o body_n give_v a_o good_a complexion_n and_o will_v cure_v the_o itch._n 10._o of_o that_o earth_n which_o be_v call_v ampelite_n the_o black_a be_v the_o best_a ground_n with_o oil_n it_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o have_v a_o cool_a and_o loosen_a virtue_n also_o it_o be_v use_v to_o colour_n hair_n withal_o it_o be_v whole_o bituminous_a as_o jet_n be_v also_o cardanus_n among_o his_o curiosity_n make_v mention_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o earth_n ancient_o call_v britanica_n from_o the_o country_n where_o it_o be_v find_v they_o be_v fain_o to_o dig_v very_o deep_a mine_n to_o come_v at_o it_o it_o be_v white_a and_o after_o they_o have_v separate_v the_o plate_n it_o contain_v they_o manure_v their_o tilth-field_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v put_v in_o heart_n thereby_o for_o 100_o year_n after_o 11._o out_o of_o island_n in_o the_o south_n sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o arica_n they_o fetch_v earth_n that_o do_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o the_o last_o aforemention_v it_o be_v call_v guano_n i._n e._n dung_n not_o because_o it_o be_v the_o dung_n of_o sea-fowl_n as_o many_o will_v have_v it_o understand_v but_o because_o of_o its_o admirable_a virtue_n in_o make_v plough_v ground_n fertile_a it_o be_v light_a and_o spongy_a and_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o island_n of_o iqueyque_a be_v of_o a_o dark_a grey_a colour_n like_v unto_o tobacco_n ground_n small_a although_o from_o other_o island_n near_o arica_n they_o get_v a_o white_a earth_n incline_v to_o a_o sallow_a of_o the_o same_o virtue_n it_o instant_o colour_n water_n whereinto_o it_o be_v put_v as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o best_a leigh_z and_o smell_v very_o strong_a the_o quality_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o and_o of_o many_o other_o simple_n of_o the_o new_a world_n be_v a_o large_a field_n for_o ingenious_a person_n to_o discourse_v philosophical_o upon_o when_o they_o shall_v bend_v their_o mind_n more_o to_o the_o search_v out_o of_o truth_n than_o riches_n chap._n 5._o of_o juice_n and_o first_o of_o alum_n the_o composition_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v such_o as_o either_o will_v melt_v or_o will_v not_o melt_v those_o that_o will_v not_o melt_v be_v hard_a and_o call_v stone_n or_o be_v soft_a and_o easy_o crumble_a into_o very_o small_a part_n be_v call_v earth_n those_o that_o will_v melt_v be_v either_o such_o as_o after_o they_o run_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n become_v solid_a and_o malleable_a and_o those_o be_v metal_n or_o else_o such_o as_o do_v not_o obtain_v those_o quality_n and_o those_o be_v they_o that_o be_v call_v juice_n from_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a four_o kind_n of_o composition_n be_v make_v eleven_o other_o sort_n of_o mineral_n and_o no_o more_o those_o who_o be_v harden_v by_o cold_a ungive_v again_o by_o heat_n as_o sulphur_n but_o such_o as_o be_v condense_v by_o heat_n be_v dissolve_v again_o by_o cold_a and_o water_n viz._n alum_n copperas_n salt_n etc._n etc._n 1._o those_o that_o write_v of_o simple_a medicament_n speak_v of_o divers_a sort_n of_o alum_n but_o the_o true_a alum_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v rock-allum_n whereof_o some_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a as_o glass_n and_o other_o some_o incline_n to_o a_o red_a and_o this_o have_v the_o best_a virtue_n and_o be_v mighty_o restringent_a and_o therefore_o call_v by_o the_o greek_n estypteria_fw-la according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o galen_n lib._n 4._o of_o the_o quality_n of_o simple_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o cold_a quality_n because_o all_o astringent_a thing_n be_v so_o and_o prescribe_v therefore_o rupecissa_n as_o cold_a in_o the_o second_o degree_n to_o be_v infuse_v in_o the_o quintessence_n of_o raymundus_n but_o dioscorides_n and_o many_o other_o make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a quality_n by_o its_o effect_n but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o 2._o the_o alum_n which_o be_v call_v escayola_n be_v not_o a_o juice_n but_o the_o same_o with_o the_o earth_n of_o samia_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v aster_n 3._o neither_o be_v the_o alum_n seissile_n or_o de_fw-fr pluma_fw-la a_o juice_n which_o be_v yet_o take_v for_o such_o in_o apothecary_n shop_n but_o be_v the_o stone_n call_v amianto_n and_o it_o be_v not_o astringent_a to_o taste_v nor_o consume_v in_o the_o fire_n although_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o very_o long_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a quality_n of_o a_o amianto_n 4._o the_o alum_n catino_n be_v make_v of_o the_o ash_n of_o the_o herb_n anthide_n or_o sosa_fw-la barilla_n or_o the_o herb_n they_o make_v glass_n of_o whereof_o there_o be_v great_a abundance_n in_o the_o plain_n of_o oruro_n and_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o river_n langa-sollo_a 5._o the_o salt_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o lees_n of_o wine_n or_o of_o the_o calcining_n of_o the_o lees_n until_o they_o become_v white_a be_v likewise_o call_v alum_n the_o west-indies_n abound_v in_o alum_n as_o they_o do_v also_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o mineral_n in_o the_o mine_n of_o the_o lip_n near_o unto_o coloha_n the_o head_n town_n of_o that_o country_n i_o find_v a_o vein_n of_o alum_n i_o have_v see_v another_o in_o the_o hot_a bath_n of_o ventilla_n in_o the_o high_a way_n between_o oruro_n and_o chayante_n and_o there_o i_o see_v the_o true_a seissile-allum_n or_o de_fw-la pluma_fw-la with_o all_o the_o quality_n describe_v by_o dioscorides_n this_o same_o sort_n of_o alum_n also_o be_v bring_v to_o potosi_n from_o another_o my_o near_a to_o porco_n aylo_n and_o in_o many_o other_o part_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o and_o there_o may_v of_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o city_n of_o potosi_n if_o they_o will_v but_o boil_v the_o water_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr quebrada_fw-la or_o guayco_n de_fw-fr santiago_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o alum_n chap._n 6._o of_o copperas_n the_o copperas_n be_v a_o mineral_n substance_n very_o like_a unto_o alum_n and_o oftentimes_o they_o be_v find_v incorporate_v together_o the_o manner_n of_o separate_v they_o be_v to_o put_v the_o leigh_z that_o be_v draw_v off_o from_o the_o stone_n or_o earth_n which_o contain_v the_o mineral_n into_o boil_a urine_n and_o the_o copperas_n will_v divide_v from_o the_o alum_n and_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o alum_n remain_v swim_v on_o the_o top_n the_o copperas_n be_v sharp_a and_o bite_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o of_o a_o astringent_a quality_n for_o which_o reason_n divers_a do_v attribute_n unto_o it_o the_o property_n of_o sulphur_n iron_n and_o copper_n the_o virtue_n of_o alum_n the_o subtilness_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o the_o dryness_n of_o salt_n some_o alchemist_n have_v write_v as_o if_o the_o hide_a virtue_n of_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o mineral_n who_o latin_a name_n be_v vitriolum_fw-la and_o they_o form_v a_o say_n to_o that_o purpose_n begin_v every_o word_n with_o one_o of_o the_o letter_n of_o it_o viz._n visitabis_n interiora_fw-la terrae_fw-la rectificando_fw-la inuenies_fw-la lapidem_fw-la veram_n medicinam_fw-la raymundus_n say_v that_o it_o be_v very_o near_o of_o kindred_n to_o gold_n and_o have_v the_o same_o original_n and_o principle_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o soon_o
command_v the_o mine_n to_o be_v stop_v up_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v some_o very_a active_a principle_n or_o virtue_n that_o operate_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o generation_n and_o corruption_n but_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o know_v what_o that_o principle_n be_v because_o it_o operate_v in_o no_o determinate_a place_n but_o sometime_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cloud_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n avicena_n and_o albertus_n think_v the_o matter_n whereof_o stone_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o if_o the_o great_a part_n be_v water_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o liquor_n but_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v earth_n than_o it_o be_v call_v dirt_n or_o clay_n that_o clay_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v stone_n of_o must_v be_v tough_a and_o slimy_a such_o as_o brick_n pot_n and_o other_o earthen_a vessel_n be_v make_v of_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o fire_n have_v consume_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o dirt_n it_o will_v not_o hang_v together_o but_o crumble_v into_o earth_n and_o dust_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o stone_n be_v very_o slimy_a the_o experience_n whereof_o we_o find_v in_o our_o own_o body_n the_o physician_n be_v general_o of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o stone_n be_v beget_v in_o the_o reins_o and_o bladder_n of_o slimy_a tough_a humour_n bake_v hard_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o body_n this_o opinion_n touch_v petrify_a liquor_n be_v confirm_v past_o all_o question_n by_o the_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a water_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n near_o unto_o guancavelica_n which_o they_o take_v and_o put_v into_o mould_n of_o what_o form_n and_o bigness_n they_o please_v and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o sun_n for_o a_o few_o day_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v perfect_a stone_n and_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o it_o all_o the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v it_o die_v and_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v the_o reason_n in_o a_o mountain_n call_v pacocava_n a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o verenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pajage_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o this_o liquor_n the_o colour_n whereof_o be_v whitish_a incline_v to_o yellow_a that_o as_o it_o run_v along_o condense_n into_o very_o hard_a and_o weighty_a stone_n of_o different_a shape_n moreover_o any_o porous_a substance_n that_o can_v suck_v this_o kind_n of_o liquor_n into_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o of_o those_o i_o have_v see_v tree_n and_o limb_n and_o bone_n of_o beast_n turn_v into_o hard_a stone_n in_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr plata_fw-la i_o have_v see_v stick_v of_o wood_n take_v out_o of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n so_o much_o of_o which_o as_o have_v remain_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n be_v convert_v into_o very_o fine_a stone_n i_o see_v also_o the_o tooth_n and_o bone_n of_o giant_n that_o be_v dug_n up_o in_o tarija_n turn_v into_o heavy_a and_o hard_a stone_n stone_n have_v their_o substantial_a form_n which_o make_v they_o differ_v specifical_o yet_o because_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o in_o our_o definition_n we_o be_v fain_o by_o way_n of_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v use_n of_o accident_n and_o property_n every_o several_a form_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v accompany_v with_o particular_a virtue_n as_o remarkable_a as_o those_o of_o animal_n or_o plant_n and_o proportion_v to_o the_o length_n of_o time_n nature_n take_v in_o its_o generation_n but_o because_o plant_n and_o animal_n be_v to_o have_v so_o different_a disposition_n and_o to_o produce_v such_o various_a and_o admirable_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v of_o so_o uniform_a and_o well_o mingle_v a_o temperament_n as_o the_o stone_n be_v nor_o be_v their_o soft_a and_o gentle_a substance_n capable_a to_o endure_v so_o much_o force_v as_o neither_o be_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n fit_v for_o the_o produce_v variety_n of_o several_a shape_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o be_v find_v no_o leaf_n flower_n fruit_n hand_n nor_o foot_n as_o in_o plant_n and_o animal_n though_o they_o have_v a_o great_a virtue_n of_o another_o kind_n chap._n 13._o of_o the_o difference_n of_o stone_n one_o from_o another_o all_o sort_n of_o stone_n be_v reducible_a under_o some_o of_o these_o five_o follow_a species_n 1._o if_o they_o be_v small_a very_o scarce_o and_o very_o hard_a of_o substance_n and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v call_v precious_a stone_n 2._o if_o they_o be_v of_o great_a magnitude_n although_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o have_v lustre_n they_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o marble_n 3._o if_o in_o break_v they_o fall_v into_o splinter_n or_o scale_n they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o flint_n 4._o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o small_a grain_n they_o be_v pebble_n 5._o those_o that_o have_v none_o of_o the_o abovesaid_a qualification_n be_v rock_n or_o ordinary_a stone_n but_o the_o miner_n for_o the_o better_a distinction_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o stone_n wherein_o metal_n be_v engender_v use_v peculiar_a name_n for_o they_o for_o example_n a_o kind_n of_o stone_n like_o pebble_n which_o contain_v gold_n silver_n or_o any_o orhe_a metal_n they_o call_v guijos_n which_o breed_v a_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n than_o any_o other_o stone_n cachi_n another_o sort_n of_o stone_n white_a like_o alabaster_n soft_a and_o easy_a to_o break_v in_o piece_n be_v all_o this_o country_n call_v salt_n much_o lead_n be_v engender_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o stone_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o metale_n paco_n which_o be_v the_o name_n the_o miner_n here_o give_v unto_o their_o silver_n oar._n chumpi_fw-la which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o grey_a colour_n be_v a_o stone_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o esmeril_n mix_v with_o iron_n it_o shine_v a_o little_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o work_v because_o it_o resist_v the_o fire_n much_o it_o be_v find_v in_o potosi_n and_o chocaya_n and_o other_o place_n with_o the_o black_a metal_n and_o rosiclere_n lamacrudria_n be_v that_o stone_n which_o be_v close_o compact_v and_o solid_a and_o show_v not_o the_o least_o grain_n nor_o porousness_n when_o you_o break_v it_o and_o be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n and_o sometime_o high_o colour_v as_o blood-red_a almaclaneta_fw-mi be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v another_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o weighty_a of_o a_o dark_a colour_n always_o find_v in_o the_o company_n of_o rich_a metal_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v corrupt_v and_o rot_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v do_v in_o the_o govijos_n it_o grow_v upon_o the_o flint_n of_o the_o gold_n mine_n and_o those_o of_o copper_n and_o silver_n amolaclera_fw-la or_o whetstone_n be_v that_o ordinary_a stone_n which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o know_v to_o every_o body_n divers_a rich_a metal_n grow_v upon_o it_o but_o most_o common_o los_fw-es cobriscos_fw-la the_o vein_n of_o silver_n be_v rare_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o be_v find_v in_o pit-coal_n although_o it_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a bed_n for_o gold_n other_o stone_n that_o grow_v in_o mine_n or_o cleave_v unto_o the_o metal_n they_o call_v cique_n and_o also_o caxas_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o uneven_a but_o not_o very_o hard_a nor_o very_o spungy_a and_o common_o have_v nothing_o of_o metal_n in_o they_o although_o in_o some_o rich_a mine_n they_o be_v infect_v with_o some_o little_a by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o oar._n the_o stone_n of_o potosi_n call_v vilacique_n have_v be_v and_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n get_v out_o of_o they_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ingredient_n that_o make_v this_o province_n without_o comparison_n vila_n signify_v blood_n in_o peru_n or_o any_o red_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o streak_n of_o red_a this_o stone_n have_v in_o it_o they_o call_v it_o vilecique_n chap._n 14._o of_o precious_a stone_n precious_a stone_n be_v either_o transparent_a as_o the_o diamant_n be_v or_o obscure_a as_o the_o onyx_n or_o between_o both_o as_o the_o sandonyx_n and_o the_o jasper_n it_o be_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o clearness_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o opacity_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o excel_v one_o the_o other_o in_o lustre_n and_o transparency_n be_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o humour_n congeal_v together_o to_o compose_v they_o which_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o
any_o other_o thing_n that_o touch_v they_o but_o herein_o also_o gold_n must_v be_v except_v because_o of_o its_o incomparable_a purity_n another_o propriety_n of_o metal_n be_v to_o be_v ductile_a or_o malleable_a which_o proceed_v from_o the_o moisture_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o dry_a part_n which_o upon_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o hammor_n give_v way_n and_o changes_z place_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o enlarge_n of_o the_o metal_n of_o all_o metal_n gold_n be_v the_o most_o ductile_a next_o silver_n then_o fine_a copper_n iron_n tin_n lead_v etc._n etc._n metal_n burn_v and_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o fire_n from_o unctuous_a sulphur_n or_o earthy_a part_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o part_n they_o have_v of_o moisture_n or_o quicksilver_n do_v defend_v and_o preserve_v they_o from_o it_o the_o part_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v so_o pure_a and_o strong_o compact_v together_o so_o that_o the_o earthy_a part_n defend_v the_o moist_a from_o evaporate_n and_o the_o moisture_n protect_v the_o earthy_a part_n from_o burn_a and_o so_o they_o endure_v the_o fire_n without_o any_o diminution_n or_o corruption_n other_o metal_n waste_v in_o the_o fire_n for_o want_v of_o perfection_n and_o compactedness_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o they_o be_v compose_v chap._n 22._o of_o the_o number_n of_o metal_n and_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v engender_v those_o who_o be_v vain_o curious_a attribute_v unto_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n particular_a influence_n and_o dominion_n over_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n do_v appropriate_v the_o production_n of_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o superintendency_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n who_o seem_v to_o imitate_v they_o not_o only_o in_o their_o brightness_n and_o lustre_n wherewith_o they_o twinkle_v but_o principal_o in_o the_o purity_n and_o permanency_n of_o their_o substance_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o instability_n and_o alteration_n of_o form_n in_o metal_n be_v sometime_o liquid_a other_o time_n coagulate_v they_o assign_v they_o to_o the_o particular_a government_n of_o the_o planet_n who_o from_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o motion_n be_v call_v wander_v star_n moreover_o they_o assign_v the_o number_n name_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o planet_n unto_o metal_n call_v gold_n the_o sun_n silver_n the_o moon_n copper_n venus_n iron_n mars_n lead_v saturn_n quicksilver_n mercury_n although_o because_o this_o last_o be_v not_o a_o metal_n some_o instead_o thereof_o call_v electrum_n mercury_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a mixture_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v heretofore_o esteem_v the_o most_o precious_a of_o all_o metal_n but_o this_o subordination_n and_o application_n be_v uncertain_a as_o be_v also_o the_o conceit_n that_o metal_n be_v but_o seven_o in_o number_n whereas_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v more_o sort_n than_o we_o yet_o know_v a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o sudnos_fw-la in_o bohemia_n be_v find_v a_o metal_n which_o they_o call_v bissamuto_n which_o be_v a_o metal_n between_o tin_n and_o lead_n and_o yet_o distinct_a from_o they_o both_o there_o be_v but_o few_o that_o know_v of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a more_o metal_n also_o may_v have_v escape_v the_o notice_n of_o the_o generality_n and_o if_o one_o shall_v admit_v the_o subordination_n and_o resemblance_n between_o metal_n and_o the_o planet_n modern_a experience_n by_o excellent_a teliscope_n have_v discover_v that_o they_o be_v more_o than_o seven_o gallileo_n de_fw-fr galiles_n have_v write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o satelite_n of_o jupiter_n where_o one_o may_v find_v curious_a observation_n of_o the_o number_n and_o motion_n of_o those_o new_a planet_n reason_n and_o experience_n teach_v that_o the_o most_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o generation_n of_o metal_n be_v the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o do_v run_v through_o its_o great_a body_n as_o principal_a receptacle_n of_o its_o permanent_a humidity_n proportionable_a to_o its_o solidity_n and_o hardness_n as_o blood_n be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n the_o rock_n between_o which_o metal_n common_o be_v engender_v which_o they_o call_v caxas_n or_o chest_n serve_v for_o conduit_n where_o subterraneal_a and_o celestial_a heat_n meet_v and_o unite_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o stir_v up_o vapour_n mingle_v and_o purify_n the_o matter_n of_o which_o metal_n be_v make_v without_o give_v it_o time_n to_o divert_v and_o dissipate_v into_o several_a place_n that_o which_o communicate_v between_o chest_n and_o chest_n be_v call_v a_o vein_n and_o that_o which_o time_n have_v mouldered_a off_o or_o the_o rain_n carry_v away_o from_o the_o matter_n that_o fill_v it_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o mountain_n break_v and_o tumble_v away_o by_o themselves_o which_o be_v the_o stone_n of_o metal_n those_o that_o understand_v this_o art_n best_o believe_v that_o the_o gold_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o rivers_n have_v the_o like_a original_a that_o it_o be_v not_o engender_v in_o the_o sand_n as_o divers_a will_v have_v it_o but_o in_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n carry_v from_o thence_o by_o rain_n unto_o the_o brook_n yet_o be_v this_o how_o it_o will_v although_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v the_o more_o natural_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o proceed_v oftentimes_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o some_o part_n or_o bit_n of_o land_n they_o find_v that_o which_o be_v call_v creoderos_n where_o metal_n be_v engender_v out_o of_o vein_n by_o the_o disposition_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o powerfulness_n of_o the_o mineral_n virtue_n which_o there_o meet_v together_o chap._n 23._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n the_o vein_n of_o metal_n be_v discover_v either_o by_o art_n or_o fortune_n violent_a current_n of_o water_n wash_v off_o the_o first_o coat_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o vein_n of_o metal_n naked_a to_o the_o eye_n if_o there_o be_v any_o there_o great_a storm_n of_o wind_n many_o time_n tear_v tree_n up_o by_o the_o root_n and_o with_o they_o some_o stone_n of_o the_o metal_n of_o that_o place_n the_o same_o effect_n also_o have_v the_o fall_n of_o piece_n of_o cliff_n and_o rock_n cause_v either_o by_o thunder-time_n or_o great_a rain_n and_o wash_v away_o the_o cement_n that_o shall_v hold_v they_o together_o oftentimes_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o plough_n whereof_o justin_n make_v mention_n of_o gold_n that_o be_v find_v in_o spain_n in_o my_o own_o ground_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n from_o chuquiscaca_fw-la plough_v upon_o the_o ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n i_o discover_v a_o vein_n of_o soroche_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o like_a happen_v in_o divers_a other_o part_n of_o these_o province_n which_o be_v so_o fertile_a of_o mineral_n &_o that_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ploughman_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n they_o have_v not_o profit_v by_o the_o riches_n which_o fortune_n have_v put_v into_o their_o hand_n lucretio_n in_o elegant_a verse_n have_v set_v forth_o how_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n either_o on_o purpose_n or_o by_o chance_n discover_v the_o nature_n of_o metal_n unto_o the_o world_n melt_v they_o and_o make_v they_o to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n wherein_o they_o lay_v conceal_v into_o the_o form_n that_o now_o they_o be_v know_v by_o the_o same_o accident_n also_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v hereafter_o because_o of_o discover_v the_o vein_n of_o metal_n which_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n confirm_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o perenean_n mountain_n and_o much_o lesser_a violence_n than_o those_o have_v be_v sufficient_a when_o fortune_n have_v have_v a_o mind_n to_o distribute_v riches_n to_o her_o favourite_n a_o man_n ride_v a_o horseback_n over_o the_o country_n in_o gosolaria_n by_o the_o soil_n break_v with_o the_o small_a force_n of_o his_o horse_n foot_n discover_v a_o very_a rich_a mine_n as_o agricola_n report_v a_o indian_a servant_n of_o my_o pull_v up_o by_o the_o root_n some_o bush_n of_o tola_n a_o sort_n of_o wood_n ordinary_a in_o this_o country_n together_o with_o the_o root_n pluck_v up_o a_o rich_a stone_n of_o metal_n which_o be_v silver_n white_a and_o in_o dust_n this_o be_v half_o a_o league_n from_o the_o mine_n of_o st._n christopher_n de_fw-fr achacalle_n he_o bring_v i_o home_o the_o stone_n whereby_o i_o discover_v the_o vein_n of_o silver_n and_o show_v the_o place_n unto_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n when_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o tuno_n in_o the_o province_n of_o carangas_n begin_v to_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o riches_n abundance_n of_o soldier_n flock_v down_o thither_o some_o of_o they_o be_v very_o poor_a fortune_v to_o have_v no_o share_n in_o the_o vein_n that_o be_v already_o discover_v and_o confer_v together_o
silver_n those_o very_a ancient_a mine_n of_o andacava_n be_v admire_v by_o all_o miner_n for_o their_o vast_a depth_n and_o admirable_a contrivance_n and_o plenty_n of_o oar_n which_o be_v such_o as_o promise_v continual_a employment_n for_o half_a the_o indian_n of_o this_o kingdom_n those_o of_o tobacco_n nunio_n be_v near_o unto_o a_o lake_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n have_v such_o wonderful_a and_o costly_a engine_n appertain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o build_n of_o they_o have_v consume_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o treasure_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o lake_n contain_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v make_v a_o run_a river_n all_o the_o year_n long_o with_o which_o there_o go_v day_n and_o night_n a_o hundred_o silver_n mill_n which_o grind_v the_o oar_n which_o be_v get_v from_o its_o own_o bank_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o potosi_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o guariguare_n caricari_fw-la piquiza_n la_fw-fr vera_fw-la cruz_n sipoto_n and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o lip_n there_o be_v farm_n of_o mine_n of_o great_a fame_n nam_o that_o of_o st._n isabel_n of_o new_a potosi_n the_o name_n whereof_o do_v not_o more_o predicate_v its_o beauty_n than_o do_v the_o amenity_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o oar_n that_o be_v find_v there_o la_fw-fr trinidad_n be_v a_o wonderful_a rich_a mine_n there_o be_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o esmoruco_n el_fw-es bonete_n which_o they_o call_v so_o because_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v like_o a_o bonnet_n xanquegua_n the_o new_a world_n which_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o my_o time_n yield_v very_o rich_a vein_n of_o metal_n namely_o abilcha_fw-mi todo_fw-es santos_n osloque_n st._n christoval_n de_fw-fr achocalia_n sabalcha_n montes_n claros_fw-la and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o chicas_n be_v st._n vincent_n tatasi_n monserrat_n esmoraca_n tasna_n sbina_n chorolque_fw-fr old_a and_o new_a chocaya_n which_o to_o the_o shame_n and_o astonishment_n of_o the_o miner_n have_v be_v now_o last_o of_o all_o find_v out_o and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o all_o peru._n chap._n 28._o continue_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n touch_v the_o mine_n of_o silver_n the_o province_n of_o the_o charcas_n beside_o the_o rich_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n which_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o eternize_v its_o name_n and_o the_o other_o mine_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v round_o about_o it_o have_v also_o the_o mine_n of_o yaco_n or_o the_o mountain_n of_o miracle_n those_o of_o st._n pedro_n de_fw-fr bvena_fw-es vista_fw-la and_o those_o of_o malcocota_n there_o be_v silver_n oar_n also_o find_v near_o unto_o cayanta_n and_o also_o in_o paccha_n and_o tarabuco_n not_o far_o from_o chuquisaca_n and_o in_o other_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o panna_n stand_v the_o three_o great_a mountain_n st._n christoval_n pie_n de_fw-fr gallo_n and_o la_fw-fr flamenca_n which_o together_o make_v up_o those_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v of_o oruro_n that_o famous_a town_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o oruro_n also_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o avicaya_n berenguela_n cicacica_n la_fw-fr hoya_n y_fw-fr colloquiri_n which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o tin_n yet_o now_o and_o then_o in_o follow_v the_o vein_n thereof_o they_o meet_v with_o rich_a oar_n of_o silver_n which_o they_o call_v lipta_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n be_v the_o rich_a mine_n of_o berenguela_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o santa_n juana_n tampaya_n and_o other_o and_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr paz_n there_o be_v the_o mine_n of_o choquepina_n pacocava_n tiaguanaco_n and_o divers_a other_o brief_o all_o these_o province_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o continue_a mine_n and_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o mine_n be_v open_v at_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o more_o know_v unto_o the_o indian_n which_o they_o crafty_o have_v conceal_v from_o we_o till_o this_o present_a there_o be_v a_o certain_a tradition_n in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o incomparable_a rich_a mine_n belong_v to_o the_o village_n of_o chaqui_n four_o league_n from_o this_o imperial_a city_n although_o at_o present_a the_o sight_n of_o it_o be_v not_o know_v divers_a indian_n have_v kill_v themselves_o out_o of_o obstinacy_n that_o they_o may_v not_o discover_v it_o there_o go_v no_o less_o fame_n of_o the_o mine_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr los_fw-es encomenderos_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o lip_n which_o name_n be_v give_v it_o divers_a year_n ago_o by_o the_o indian_n who_o get_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n out_o of_o that_o mine_n give_v that_o treasure_n unto_o two_o spaniard_n who_o they_o dispatch_v away_o into_o spain_n as_o their_o agent_n they_o be_v two_o brother_n of_o the_o surname_n of_o tapias_n whereupon_o this_o rich_a province_n be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o crown_n while_o i_o be_v curate_n of_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v with_o many_o of_o the_o country_n people_n that_o tell_v i_o they_o have_v help_v to_o load_v and_o conduct_v that_o riches_n unto_o the_o port_n of_o arica_n where_o it_o be_v put_v on_o shipboard_n it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o abovesaid_a report_n be_v true_a although_o at_o present_a that_o i_o remain_v undiscovered_a which_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o wonder_n at_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o mine_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o that_o province_n have_v be_v find_v out_o and_o first_o take_v say_v of_o by_o the_o spaniard_n themselves_o without_o light_v upon_o any_o one_o ancient_a work_n of_o the_o indian_n whereof_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v former_o very_o rich_a one_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o choice_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o oar_n which_o indian_n have_v give_v i_o without_o discover_v whence_o they_o have_v they_o and_o the_o very_a street_n of_o the_o town_n when_o i_o be_v curate_n there_o be_v full_a of_o small_a grain_n of_o rich_a oar_n which_o i_o sweep_v up_o and_o make_v profit_n of_o it_o in_o the_o plain_n of_o julloma_n in_o the_o pacage_n the_o indian_n ancient_o have_v wrought_v mine_n which_o at_o this_o day_n remain_v undiscovered_a it_o have_v be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o plate_n which_o they_o call_v corriente_a that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v buy_v up_o among_o this_o people_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v get_v there_o some_o of_o the_o remainder_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o silver_n these_o ground_n together_o with_o the_o colour_n and_o beauty_n of_o the_o mountain_n make_v one_o rational_o to_o suspect_v that_o country_n to_o be_v fertile_a of_o rich_a metal_n but_o it_o be_v more_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v rich_a mine_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o caquingora_n in_o the_o same_o province_n of_o the_o pacage_n because_o i_o have_v see_v stone_n of_o rich_a oar_n pick_v out_o of_o the_o pave_v of_o their_o street_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n the_o same_o report_n go_v also_o of_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n town_n and_o a_o constant_a fame_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n each_o of_o the_o party_n have_v their_o particular_a mine_n chap._n 29._o of_o copper_n and_o the_o mine_n thereof_o the_o sulphureous_a part_n do_v predominate_a in_o the_o composition_n of_o copper_n and_o from_o their_o distemper_a heat_n rise_v the_o fiery_a colour_n of_o that_o metal_n when_o it_o be_v melt_v it_o smell_v more_o of_o brimston_n than_o any_o other_o metal_n and_o because_o it_o be_v over-burnt_a in_o its_o composition_n therefore_o it_o be_v less_o subject_n to_o injury_n or_o corruption_n by_o the_o air_n earth_n or_o water_n as_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n coal_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o such_o like_a accident_n they_o use_v copper_n about_o engine_n of_o long_a duration_n because_o it_o never_o rust_v as_o steel_n and_o iron_n do_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v high_o esteem_v by_o the_o ancient_n who_o make_v the_o bolt_n and_o nail_n of_o their_o ship_n their_o weapon_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o this_o metal_n which_o also_o we_o find_v in_o use_n among_o the_o native_n of_o this_o kingdom_n copper_n be_v engender_v in_o mineral_n stone_n of_o divers_a colour_n although_o ever_o the_o most_o predominant_a colour_n be_v blue_a or_o green_a it_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o oftentimes_o in_o follow_v a_o vein_n of_o pure_a copper_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o nest_n of_o the_o fine_a gold_n but_o it_o be_v more_o familiar_a to_o have_v its_o vein_n change_v into_o silver_n and_o those_o vein_n of_o copper_n that_o make_v any_o show_n above_o ground_n common_o prove_v very_o rich_a as_o they_o be_v dug_n deep_o and_o consequent_o be_v more_o moist_a the_o mine_n of_o osloque_n in_o the_o lip_n be_v at_o the_o top_n in_o
in_o that_o town_n i_o see_v several_a iron_n keys_n make_v the_o metal_n which_o they_o call_v chumbri_n take_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o chocaya_n in_o this_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n and_o other_o have_v much_o iron_n in_o they_o and_o doubtless_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o iron_n in_o many_o other_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n although_o the_o people_n do_v not_o regard_v or_o seek_v after_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o miner_n in_o their_o ordinary_n ensay_v meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n chap._n 31._o of_o lead_n lead_v be_v a_o very_a common_a and_o know_v metal_n there_o be_v no_o silver_n mine_n where_o much_o of_o it_o be_v not_o find_v and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o oar_n but_o have_v some_o mixture_n of_o lead_n in_o it_o nature_n have_v qualify_v it_o with_o abundance_n of_o humidity_n that_o it_o may_v be_v serviceable_a in_o the_o melt_a of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o without_o the_o help_n of_o lead_n burn_v away_o and_o consume_v in_o the_o fire_n before_o they_o arrive_v to_o their_o full_a perfection_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o moisture_n it_o do_v easy_o evaporate_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o melt_v carry_v along_o with_o it_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o gold_n or_o silver_n and_o therefore_o its_o self_n be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v like_a unto_o gold_n in_o weight_n and_o unto_o silver_n in_o colour_n be_v melt_v togther_o with_o they_o it_o not_o only_o facilitate_v the_o sound_n and_o refine_v they_o but_o separate_v the_o copper_n from_o they_o as_o shall_v hereafter_o in_o its_o place_n be_v show_v and_o therefore_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o art_n of_o sound_v of_o metal_n the_o whiteness_n of_o it_o show_v the_o abundance_n of_o humidity_n or_o impure_a quicksilver_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v which_o the_o chemist_n in_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n do_v easy_o separate_v from_o it_o it_o neither_o diminish_v nor_o corrupt_v by_o the_o air_n or_o water_n like_o iron_n but_o rather_o increase_v both_o in_o weight_n and_o quantity_n as_o very_o good_a author_n do_v affirm_v notwithstanding_o other_o do_v say_v that_o sheet_n of_o lead_n expose_v to_o the_o weather_n do_v waste_n and_o consume_v and_o have_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o many_o goodly_a building_n cover_v therewith_o it_o be_v rare_o find_v mingle_v with_o gold_n most_o common_o with_o silver_n and_o sometime_o with_o copper_n the_o oar_n in_o which_o lead_n be_v engender_v be_v call_v in_o this_o country_n soroche_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v black_a full_a of_o hole_n and_o sparkle_a other_o piece_n of_o it_o they_o call_v muertos_n because_o it_o do_v not_o sparkle_v nor_o be_v spongy_a other_o they_o call_v oques_fw-la which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v fraylescos_n because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o friar_n coat_n there_o have_v be_v no_o silver_n mine_v discover_v in_o all_o this_o kingdom_n wherein_o some_o lead_n have_v not_o be_v find_v in_o which_o regare_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o enumerate_v the_o several_a place_n that_o afford_v this_o metal_n although_o most_o of_o the_o mine_n in_o the_o chicas_n have_v abound_v therein_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v found_v so_o much_o metal_n in_o this_o province_n the_o mine_n of_o andacava_n be_v lead_n and_o silver_n also_o but_o because_o that_o oar_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o be_v separate_v by_o quicksilver_n and_o there_o be_v not_o wood_n enough_o near_o the_o place_n to_o melt_v it_o down_o this_o mine_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n continue_v hitherunto_o yield_v but_o a_o very_a small_a profit_n below_o the_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n as_o far_o as_o its_o shadow_n reach_v in_o that_o part_n call_v desibicos_n there_o be_v many_o vein_n of_o lead_n with_o a_o very_a little_a silver_n mix_v in_o it_o the_o like_a also_o there_o be_v within_o the_o shadow_n of_o st._n christoval_n de_fw-fr oruro_n chap._n 32._o of_o tin_n the_o metal_n which_o we_o call_v tin_n divers_a call_v white_a lead_n particular_o they_o give_v it_o this_o name_n that_o separate_a silver_n and_o copper_n in_o which_o operation_n some_o tin_n come_v forth_o as_o shall_v be_v say_v in_o its_o place_n which_o be_v know_v by_o its_o whiteness_n and_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v when_o one_o either_o bite_v or_o break_v it_o common_a tin_n be_v beget_v from_o the_o same_o principle_n as_o lead_n be_v but_o more_o fine_a and_o better_o purify_v whence_o it_o become_v more_o hard_a and_o white_a although_o from_o the_o ill_a mixture_n of_o its_o substance_n it_o be_v say_v to_o stutter_v and_o make_v a_o noise_n as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v the_o poison_n of_o metal_n and_o make_v they_o brittle_a that_o have_v the_o least_o mixture_n of_o it_o because_o its_o incorporation_n with_o any_o metal_n alter_v the_o equal_a temper_n it_o have_v before_o and_o impede_v its_o ductibility_n only_o it_o do_v not_o infect_v lead_n in_o this_o manner_n because_o the_o exceed_a great_a softness_n and_o humidity_n thereof_o penetrate_v into_o and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o ill_a temper_a substance_n of_o the_o tin_n so_o that_o unite_v together_o they_o remain_v ductile_a and_o malleable_a the_o vein_n of_o tin_n be_v not_o find_v in_o every_o place_n that_o one_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o yet_o these_o rich_a province_n be_v not_o whole_o destitute_a of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o farm_n of_o mine_n name_v the_o colquiri_n not_o far_o from_o the_o hill_n of_o st._n philip_n de_fw-fr austria_n de_fw-fr oruro_n which_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o abundance_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o tin_n that_o have_v be_v get_v there_o wherewith_o they_o have_v furnish_v all_o this_o kingdom_n in_o follow_v the_o vein_n whereof_o as_o have_v be_v advertise_v before_o many_o time_n they_o have_v meet_v with_o rich_a parcel_n of_o silver_n near_o unto_o chayanta_n in_o the_o charcas_n there_o be_v another_o mine_n whence_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o they_o get_v abundance_n of_o tin_n not_o far_o from_o carabuco_n a_o village_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o great_a lake_n chucuito_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o province_n of_o larecaja_n there_o be_v tin_n mine_n also_o which_o the_o indian_n wrought_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ingas_n and_o the_o spaniard_n continue_v to_o work_v still_o those_o vein_n be_v very_o large_a and_o rich_a in_o tin_n and_o many_o time_n among_o it_o they_o meet_v with_o silver_n but_o all_o of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o copper_n which_o make_v the_o tin_n more_o sightly_o and_o durable_a the_o fame_n of_o these_o rich_a vein_n give_v i_o the_o curiosity_n to_o see_v they_o be_v desirous_a that_o no_o mine_n of_o these_o province_n shall_v escape_v my_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o pie_n de_fw-fr gallo_n de_fw-fr oruro_n there_o be_v much_o tin_n although_o few_o know_v it_o and_o all_o neglect_v the_o work_n of_o it_o because_o they_o find_v not_o the_o silver_n there_o which_o they_o expect_v one_o of_o the_o four_o principal_a vein_n of_o this_o famous_a mountain_n of_o potosi_n be_v call_v the_o tin_n mine_n because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o tin_n that_o be_v at_o first_o find_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o dig_v deep_o it_o all_o turn_v into_o silver_n and_o in_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n bernard_n where_o i_o officiate_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o league_n off_o or_o a_o little_a more_o there_o be_v rich_a vein_n of_o tin_n which_o upon_o my_o discovery_n your_o lordship_n go_v in_o person_n to_o visit_v whereby_o as_o by_o other_o of_o your_o noble_a proceed_n you_o have_v give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o those_o that_o be_v industrious_a in_o the_o work_n of_o mine_n which_o have_v so_o eminent_o increase_v the_o royal_a revenue_n and_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o people_n chap._n 33._o of_o quicksilver_n quicksilver_n be_v a_o mineral_n very_o well_o know_v of_o a_o liquid_a substance_n and_o fluid_a like_o water_n it_o be_v natural_o viscous_a very_o subtle_a and_o abound_v in_o humidity_n whence_o it_o obtain_v the_o quality_n of_o be_v very_o heavy_a and_o shine_v bright_a and_o of_o be_v very_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v general_o think_v notwithstanding_o some_o do_v affirm_v it_o to_o be_v very_o hot_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtle_a effect_n and_o penetrate_a quality_n that_o it_o have_v whereby_o it_o run_v through_o not_o only_a flesh_n but_o the_o hard_a bone_n and_o also_o because_o sublimate_v mercury_n which_o substantial_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o quicksilver_n though_o alter_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o those_o mineral_n wherewith_o it_o be_v boil_v and_o sublimate_v and_o
but_o four_o or_o five_o i_o discover_v this_o vein_n to_o the_o magistrate_n call_v it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nuestra_n senora_n de_fw-fr begomia_fw-la they_o build_v a_o mill_n present_o near_o it_o and_o abundance_n of_o miner_n flock_v thereupon_o and_o have_v get_v thence_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o santa_n juana_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o berenguela_fw-mi de_fw-fr pacage_n they_o get_v a_o metal_n like_a unto_o soroche_n which_o by_o the_o ordinary_a ensay_n with_o quicksilver_n appear_v scarce_o to_o have_v any_o silver_n at_o all_o in_o it_o whereupon_o the_o miner_n utter_o desert_v it_o until_o a_o priest_n a_o friend_n of_o i_o send_v i_o some_o piece_n thereof_o unto_o oruro_n which_o i_o ensay_v and_o find_v they_o to_o contain_v 60_o piece_n of_o eight_o the_o quintal_n by_o my_o advice_n he_o dig_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o that_o metal_n be_v laugh_v at_o by_o the_o neighbour_n while_o he_o be_v at_o work_n to_o so_o little_a purpose_n as_o they_o think_v but_o afterward_o much_o more_o envy_v by_o they_o for_o the_o great_a riches_n he_o have_v get_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o metal_n and_o the_o difference_n there_o be_v of_o they_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o teach_v those_o that_o have_v not_o be_v acquaint_v with_o metal_n how_o to_o know_v they_o by_o the_o sight_n because_o there_o be_v so_o great_a diversity_n of_o they_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o stone_n in_o one_o mine_n that_o resemble_v stone_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n in_o another_o mine_n no_o nor_o oftentimes_o of_o the_o same_o mine_n itself_o nevertheless_o the_o miner_n reduce_v these_o difference_n unto_o three_o general_a head_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v 1._o paco_n 2._o mulatos_n and_o 3._o negrillos_fw-la paco_n in_o the_o general_a language_n of_o this_o country_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o such_o more_o or_o less_o be_v the_o stone_n which_o they_o call_v metal_n paco_n although_o in_o berengula_fw-la de_fw-fr pacage_n they_o call_v the_o green_a metal_n of_o copper_n by_o the_o same_o name_n which_o also_o in_o these_o province_n they_o give_v to_o metal_n of_o any_o colour_n in_o contra-distinction_n to_o metal_n that_o shine_v like_o steel_n or_o glass_n and_o another_o sort_n which_o they_o call_v negrillo_n mulatos_n be_v a_o colour_n between_o the_o paco_n and_o negrillo_n and_o in_o the_o mine_n metal_n of_o that_o colour_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o order_n it_o be_v of_o a_o brown_a colour_n and_o ordinary_o accompany_v with_o some_o of_o the_o margagita_n there_o be_v less_o of_o this_o metal_n than_o of_o the_o two_o other_o sort_n the_o negrillo_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o and_o take_v their_o name_n from_o their_o colour_n although_o all_o black_a metal_n be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n la_fw-fr tacana_n a_o rich_a metal_n and_o usual_o black_a although_o there_o be_v of_o it_o grey_n and_o ash-coloured_n which_o they_o call_v lipta_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o metal_n paco_n as_o also_o do_v the_o lead_n for_o so_o they_o call_v the_o silver_n oar_n which_o oftentimes_o be_v black_a grey_z ash-coloured_n green_n white_a and_o orange_n tawny_a which_o they_o call_v suco_fw-la and_o this_o last_o year_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o potosi_n there_o be_v find_v of_o it_o of_o a_o bright_a lively_a cinnamon_n colour_n or_o very_o fine_a vermilion_n a_o thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v see_v in_o any_o other_o mine_n the_o soroche_n may_v constitute_v a_o four_o order_n of_o metal_n but_o i_o agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o that_o will_v have_v they_o rank_v under_o the_o name_n of_o negrillos_n to_o which_o also_o belong_v the_o rosicler_n the_o rich_a metal_n that_o nature_n have_v produce_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o stone_n it_o be_v shine_v and_o brittle_a and_o the_o powder_n of_o it_o beat_v fine_a with_o any_o hard_a thing_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o pure_a blood_n it_o be_v very_o like_a unto_o cinabrio_n or_o that_o vermilion_a which_o be_v make_v of_o quicksilver_n and_o sulphur_n which_o give_v a_o good_a hint_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o divers_a other_o great_a secret_n cochico_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a a_o very_a rich_a metal_n massy_n but_o neither_o so_o brittle_a nor_o spongy_a as_o the_o rosicler_n be_v but_o it_o be_v more_o full_a of_o lead_n and_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o give_v so_o perfect_a a_o blood_n colour_n soroche_n tacana_n polvorilla_n rosicler_n cochico_n and_o negrillo_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o in_o the_o manner_n follow_v the_o soroche_n be_v black_a or_o ash-coloured_n either_o shine_a or_o without_o any_o lustre_n which_o they_o call_v dead_a oar_n of_o lead_n and_o common_o contain_v some_o silver_n the_o tacana_n be_v silver_n oar_n close_o compact_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n without_o any_o shine_a at_o all_o polvorilla_n be_v tacana_n not_o congeal_v nor_o stony_a but_o be_v rich_a in_o that_o oar_n they_o call_v paco_n but_o in_o the_o negrillos_fw-la not_o so_o much_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o copper_n that_o it_o have_v the_o rosicler_n and_o cochico_n be_v silver_n oar_n with_o that_o same_o varnish_n which_o hide_v its_o own_o proper_a colour_n and_o shine_v whereby_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o tacana_n that_o which_o predominate_v in_o the_o negrillos_fw-la be_v copper_n either_o actual_a or_o else_o virtual_a in_o the_o copperas_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v it_o always_o contain_v silver_n more_o or_o less_o and_o be_v usual_o accompany_v with_o the_o margagita_n the_o black_a metal_n which_o feel_v like_o lead_n and_o be_v smooth_a which_o make_v as_o it_o be_v leave_n of_o tree_n or_o feather_n contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o alcohol_n or_o antimony_n which_o in_o some_o part_n they_o call_v macacote_n and_o but_o little_a silver_n those_o negrillo_n which_o have_v lustre_n like_o polish_a steel_n or_o looking-glass_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v espejado_n and_o acerado_n be_v the_o rich_a the_o near_o they_o approach_v unto_o the_o rosicler_n and_o cochico_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o sort_n of_o oar_n and_o the_o proper_a manner_n of_o refine_v each_o of_o they_o the_o skill_n of_o extract_v all_o the_o silver_n out_o of_o any_o oar_n begin_v to_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o pick_n and_o sort_v of_o the_o oar_n together_o the_o want_n of_o care_n in_o sort_v oar_n from_o stone_n that_o have_v no_o oar_n in_o they_o as_o also_o the_o oar_n of_o one_o sort_n of_o metal_n from_o another_o have_v occasion_v much_o damage_n the_o least_o inconvenience_n have_v be_v in_o the_o use_n of_o quicksilver_n a_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v lose_v together_o with_o grind_v and_o other_o charge_n about_o that_o which_o be_v no_o metal_n the_o great_a inconvenience_n have_v be_v where_o there_o be_v metal_n the_o fail_v to_o get_v out_o all_o the_o silver_n because_o they_o have_v jumble_v together_o oar_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o use_v but_o one_o manner_n of_o refine_v whereas_o those_o metal_n require_v a_o different_a way_n of_o handle_v and_o time_n to_o ensay_n that_o metal_n by_o quicksilver_n that_o require_v the_o fire_n be_v to_o destroy_v it_o to_o put_v that_o metal_n in_o the_o furnace_n which_o be_v not_o to_o run_v be_v to_o endamage_v the_o metal_n and_o to_o get_v no_o profit_n at_o all_o and_o although_o the_o several_a oar_n be_v proper_o assign_v some_o to_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o some_o to_o the_o fire_n yet_o they_o have_v their_o difference_n of_o be_v easy_a or_o hard_a to_o be_v refine_v according_a as_o they_o concur_v or_o differ_v in_o the_o remedy_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v use_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o oar_n which_o they_o call_v paco_n that_o shine_v or_o sparkle_v not_o at_o all_o be_v proper_a for_o quicksilver_n the_o tacana_n also_o may_v be_v refine_v by_o quicksilver_n but_o because_o it_o be_v so_o very_o rich_a oar_n lest_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v clean_o extract_v but_o part_n of_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o dross_n it_o be_v better_a to_o melt_v it_o in_o a_o bath_n of_o lead_n that_o oar_n which_o contain_v silver_n in_o it_o yet_o they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lead_n oar_n if_o it_o be_v over_o gross_a will_v neither_o grind_v well_o nor_o cleave_v fast_o to_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o be_v best_a to_o be_v melt_v together_o with_o the_o tacana_n the_o most_o proper_a way_n of_o deal_n with_o the_o oar_n they_o call_v machacado_fw-it be_v the_o hammer_n the_o soroche_n need_v the_o fire_n the_o rosocler_n and_o cochico_n be_v to_o be_v melt_v like_o the_o tacana_n the_o negrillo_n require_v both_o fire_n and_o quicksilver_n for_o they_o prepare_v all_o the_o oar_n of_o that_o kind_n by_o the_o fire_n for_o the_o quicksilver_n by_o