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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09208	The valley of varietie: or, Discourse fitting for the times containing very learned and rare passages out of antiquity, philosophy, and history. Collected for the use of all ingenious spirits, and true lovers of learning. By Henry Peacham Mr. of Arts, sometime of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge.	Peacham, Henry, 1576?-1643?; Panciroli, Guido, 1523-1599.	1638 (1638)	STC 19518; ESTC S114364	37,535	204

flood began the seven and twentieth day of the second Moneth and how will it agree where it is said The Arke rested upon the mountaines of A●arat the seven and twentieth day of the seventh Moneth Let us therefore certainly beleeve the yeares then to have beene all one with ours and that which is spoken of the great Age of those Fathers not much to differ from the computation according to our yeares It is againe said that The Mountaines appeared upon the first day of the eleventh Moneth therefore the yeare consisted of many Moneths and that we may not think the Month then consisted of no more than three daies or thereabouts observe the seven and twentieth day is named Now if you would happily know the reason why the Fathers then lived so long know there were two causes first the Finall then the Efficient the Finall causes were First increasing the World with people wherby it might be replenished which they could not doe but by living a long time Secondly Arts were to be invented for they are not found but by long Experience Thirdly the Worship of God was to be delivered by Tradition for as yet the written Word was not But that could not be in such a varietie of people except those who received it from God had beene long liv'd The Efficient causes of this their length of life were I. The singular Blessings of God Deuter. 30. I am thy life and the length of thy daies II. The nearnesse in time to the Creation when the bodies of men were of a singular and a most perfect constitution and soundnesse and state of Health III. The Diet and feeding was farre more wholesome before the Flood then since IV. The wits and invention were more accurat and subtile in searching and finding out the nature and qualities of all things whereof they had need to the sustenance of life then ours are in these daies For these reasons I suppose their lives were of that length Neither may wee wonder at it since Heathen Writers testifie That even in their Times some thousands of yeares after the Flood many lived two hundred others three hundred yeares Hellanic●● cited by Plinie reporteth That in Aetolia many lived till they were two hundred yeares of age which Damastes confirmeth while hee maketh mention of one Pictoreus amongst them who lived strong and able of body till hee had fulfilled three hundred years this saith Plinie CHAP. II. Of the Dead Sea THe Sacred Scriptures so sufficiently shew us the fearfull punishment and vengeance of God upon Sodome and Gomorrah that wee need looke no farther But what the estate of that place where those famous and noble Cities stood at this day is not commonly knowne wherefore my intent is to make Relation of what wee find aswell in Monuments of venerable Antiquitie as by the Report of Travellers who in these last times have seene those places Then first know that the whole Tract or Countrie wherein those Cities stood was called The valley of Siddim which was exceedingly fruitfull and fertile insomuch that it was compared to the earthly Paradise and to Egypt of Countries the most delicate and plentifull But this place so beautified and adorned vvith such a wonderfull richness of Soile and all pleasures whatsoever might make glad the heart of man through the wickednesse of the sinfull Inhabitants is so changed that after those Cities and Fields about were destroyed by fire and brimstone from heaven the whole Countrie sometime the pleasantest and most fertile place of the world was turned into a most horrid stinking and infectious Lake called even at this day Mare mortuum or The Dead Sea The Water hereof is thick filthy stinking most bitter and salt beyond any● Sea water whatsoever wherein no creature liveth or can live wherefore this Lake is called The Dead Sea The famous River Iordan runneth into this Lake and is infected or corrupted by it insomuch as the Fish of that River shun this Lake as a deadly poison and if through the swiftnesse of the streame they are forcibly carried thereinto they dye presently No quicke or living thing can be drowned in the same which Vespasian being desirous to make triall of who came purposely in person to see this Lake hee caused some altogether unskilfull in swimming to be bound with their hands behind them and to be throwne into the Lake but as it were repulsed by a certaine Spirit of the water like fishes they floated aloft the superficies of the water Every faire and Sun-shinie day it changeth the colour thrice and that by meanes of the Sun-beames falling either rightly or obliquely upon the same as at Morning Noone and Sunne-set according to which it varieth the colour It yeelds a certaine pitchie substance called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bitumen whence it is called Lacus Asphaltites which swimmes upon the top of the Lake in great abundance some pieces being in bignesse as great as the body of an Oxe and it is of such a nature as if any small Ships come neare the place to fetch part of it away they are caught and drawne away by the tenacitie or limie catching hold thereof and not to be loosened or freed againe but by application of Vrine Cui menses muliebres permixti sunt saith mine Author and with this onely the Bitumen is dissolved It sendeth up a most Pestilent Aire in so much you would thinke the steame of Hell-fire were underneath it casting up most poisonous and harmfull vapours hereupon the Bankes and the neighbour Mountaines are quite barren if but an Apple groweth thereby it is by nature such that it speakes the Anger of God and the burning of the place for without it is beautifull and red but within nothing but dusty smoake and cinders A thing to be admired at whereof not onely Christians as Tertullian and Augustine but also Heathen Authors make mention of for thus writeth Solinus upon Polyb speaking of the place There are saith hee two Townes one called Sodom another Gomorrah where grow Apples although they carry a shew of ripenesse yet can they not be eaten for the cover of the outermost rinde containeth within an ●ashie sootie substance which being touched though but lightly yeeld nothing but smoake and dust Also Tacitus in his last booke saith Not farre from this place or Lake there are Fields which they say in times past to have been wonderfully fruitfull and inhabited with many Cities but to have been burned by lightning from Heaven the marks whereof still remaine and the earth all scorched to have utterly lost her naturall strength of yeelding fruit For if any thing there groweth of the owne accord or be set or sowne with the hand and they grow up into herbes or flowers still keeping their owne formes yet are they blacke without sap and substance turning presently as into ashes This saith Tacitus All which things are so to bee weighed and considered of us that we have alwayes in

of that Victory which now I have obtained Moreover as a perpetuall Testimonie and Monument of our mutuall love and friendship unto all posteritie give mee leave to change your Single blacke Eagle into a sterne Lion for a Lyon in strength and courage farre excelleth an Eagle The King yeelded unto him giving him many thankes Then by the Commandement of the Emperour a Painter was sent for who should draw this Lyon in an Ensigne but heare a merry jeast vvhich followed The Paynter by chance had so drawne him that his Tayle lay close between his legges as if he had had none at all which the Bohemians observing and I pray you quoth they to the Painter Where is his tayle this is more like an ill-favoured Jack an apes then a generous Lyon Hereupon despising this coward-like Lion they desired being much grieved that they might have their old Eagle againe This when it was related unto the Emperour he fell into a great laughter saying It is no hard matter to finde a remedy for this and to please the Bohemians Wherfore he caused presently to bee new paynted a white Lion not with one taile onely but with two and those fairely aloft cast over his backe which remaineth the Armes of the Bohemians even to this day CHAP. XX. A most ancient and pleasant manner of Choosing their Prince in Carinthia IN Carinthia as often as a new Prince is to bee chosen and to take the government upon him they observe a Custome the like whereof is not in the world Not farre from the Towne of Saint Vitus in a goodly Valley are seen the ruines of an old Citie the name whereof Antiquitie of Time hath abolished Not farre off among many large Medowes is erected a Marble stone on this stone a Peasant or Country-man gets up which office hee hath Haereditarie as belonging to him and his posteritie at whose right hand standeth a leane blacke Oxe and an ill-favoured Mare of Paramatiae about this Mare stand a multitude of people and all the Husbandmen of the Countrie Then the Prince commeth on forward from the other part of the Medow all his Nobles in Purple accompanying him the Earle of Goritia who is Steward and keeper of the Princes Pallace carrieth the Banner and Armes of the Country runneth before between twelve lesser Banners the other Magistrates follow after In all this companie every one goeth in an honourable and respectfull fashion saving the Prince himselfe who goeth like a Clowne or a Country-man and apparrelled accordingly for hee weareth an old side-coat a Plow-mans cap high shooes and a Shepherds hooke in his hand whom as soone as the other Country-man upon the stone hath espied he cals out aloud unto him in the Slavonian tongue for the Carinthians are all of them Slavonians Who is this whom I espie comming in that state and so proud a gate towards me The standers by answer That the Prince of the Country is come He upon the stone then replies What is hee Is hee an upright Judge And seeks the good and safety of the Countrie Is hee of a free condition and worthy of Honour Is he a professour and maintainer of the Christian Religion and will hee be a defender of the same All then answer together He is and will be I therefore demand by what right hee can dispossesse and stirre me from my seate this same stone The Earle of Goritia answers This place shall be bought of you for threescore pence these Cattle shall be yours shewing him the Oxe and the Mare besides you shall have also the Princes apparell which shortly hee will leave off your house shall be free without paying Tribute Which words being pronounced the Country-man upon the stone gives the Prince a gentle box on the care and bids him be a good Judge then arising and taking his goodly beasts with him he yields his place to the Prince The Prince getting up upon the Stone turnes himselfe round about toward the people with his Sword drawne which hee flourisheth every way and over his head promising true Justice unto the people Then they bring him fayre water to drinke out of a Countrey-mans Cap meaning that hee should put downe the drinking and use of Wine After this hee goeth unto a Church dedicated vnto the Blessed Virgine Marie which standeth upon a little Mount not farre off where solemne Service being finished hee casteth off his Countrey habit putting on a princely Robe and having feasted royally with his Nobles hee goeth againe into the aforesayd Meadowe and there sitting in a Chaire of State hee administers Justice to all that aske it and disposeth of houses and lands The Duke of Carinthia had sometime the place of chiefe Hunts-man of the Empire before whome all Controversies amongst Hunters and Wood-men vvere brought and decided CHAP. XXI The marveilous simplicitie of a Monke fetched out of his Monasterie to bee Crowned a King THe Arragonians who inhabite betweene the River Iberus the kingdome of Valentia in Spaine who derive their name from the most ancient Citie Tarracona built by Cn Publius Scipio's Brother in the second Punicke Warre chose one Tarrensis a Noble man for their King who being possessed of his Regall Authoritie and Dignitie began to abuse his government and to grow proud and insolent so incurring the hatred of his people hee was soone after by them deprived of his kingdome Now being cast out of his Throne when they could meet with none whom they thought worthy and able to take the charge of the Crowne and government upon him by the Popes Authoritie they tooke out of a Monasterie one Ranimiro a Monke a Bastard sonne of Sanchio Maior's and made him King of Arragon and Osea as Colle●utius will have it but Roderig●es Sanchi● calleth it Osca crowned in the yeare One thousand and seventeene This Monke not accustomed to the Warres or Militarie Affayres as it seemed when hee was to set forward in an Expedition against the Moores he was by his Nobles set upon a goodly great horse in his complete Armes giving him his Shield in his left hand and his Lance in his right then they gave him the Bridle which when hee considered and utterly ignorant how hee should use or carry them hee told them in these wordes That both his hands were full and desired them that hee might take the Bridle in his mouth which gaping wide hee did at which words all the Nobilitie fell on a laughter But shortly after having left off his Monasticall simplicitie calling many of his Nobles unto him hee caused them to bee beheaded adding this vvittie though bitter Sarcasme Non sa ben la Volpegia con quien tr●mpegia The Foxe knowes no● with whom hee playes CHAP. XXII A wittie but a ridiculous reply and vindication of a disgrace● ROBERT Duke of Normandie a witty Prince and of a pleasant disposition cōming on a time to Constantinople to visit Constantine the Emperour to make tryall of his wit upon set purpose commanded Stooles to bee set about the Table when dinner was readie for him and his Companie not above one foote and an halfe high It vvas done as the Emperour commanded When the Norman Duke came to sit downe and found all the stooles too low for him and his friends suspecting that there was a trick put upon him hee as hee had a readie wit purposed to bee even with him for when they were to ●it downe hee tooke his Cloake and wrapping it round made it serve for a Cushio● 〈◊〉 make his seat higher 〈◊〉 ●●st of his Normans im●●●●●● him so then they sate all downe and having din'd and the Cloath being taken away● Duke Robert leaving his cloke whereon hee fate behinde him the other of his Nobility and follovvers did so likewise Constantine wondred at it and when he saw they would bee gone in good earnest I pray you quoth 〈◊〉 Emperour why doe you not take your Cloakes along vvith you Duke Robert● answered It is not the fashion in our Countrey when we are invited to a Feast to carry away the Cushions wee sa●e on● FINIS In Farrag Epistol●● Histor. lib. 7. cap. 48. Consisting of 36 daies Six times six or 36. Genes 6. Plin. Hist. lib. 7. cap. 4● The valley of Siddim Eezec 18. 2 Pet 2. Iosephus Antiq. c. 12. Levit. 11. 22. Strabo lib. 16. Bede de locis San●is c. 24. Hieron Contra ●ovinianum lib. 2. Plin. l. 17. cap. 24. Plin. l. 8. cap. 57. ●oding in Theatro Natura lib. 3. Scaliger Exerci● 202. Benzo de novo orbe lib. 1. c. 3. Scaliger Exer. 196. Vadianu● in Mela● lib. 3. He meanech Artichocks Galen lib. 11. Simpl. Med. Plin lib. 26. Levit. 23. In Athreste villula agri Patavini Bernardini Scardeo lib. 1. Antiq Patavin in fine Pancirol in libr rerum deperditarum Some say Constantiu● Ammian Marcell lib. 22. Lib. 14. Arnoldus Ferronus in Franc. Valesio Lib. 11. ● 247. ● Epist. ●6 Vide Decret part 3. de Consecrat distinct 1. Canon 44. Wal-wort or Pellitorie upon the Wall Lib. 16. Herodot lib. 7. Libello de cohibenda ●ra● ●atyra 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Ferre is ungìb●● Dioscor lib. 1. ● 18. Whence Balsamum hath the name Exod. 30. 23. Lib. 36. de Opobalsamo Seneca possessed Land in Essex Ammian Marcell Agell lib. 14. cap. 7. Plin. lib. 19. cap. 1. Plin. l 34. cap. 8. Metam 2. Electrum Plin. l 37. cap. 2. This Electrum is our Amber Ambros Hexameron lib. 2. cap. 15. Marti l. 4. Epigr. 32. Ouid Mettm 2. 4. The Epitaph of Margaret Countesse of Henneberge Dio. l. 57. In Apolog.