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country_n call_v city_n soil_n 2,933 5 11.3396 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A02237 The counsellor Exactly pourtraited in two bookes. VVherein the offices of magistrates, the happie life of subiectes, and the felicitie of common-weales is pleasantly and pithilie discoursed. A golden worke, replenished with the chiefe learning of the most excellent philosophers and lawgiuers, and not onely profitable, but verie necessarie for all those that be admitted to the administration of a well-gouerned common-weale. Written in Latin by Laurentius Grimaldus, and consecrated to the honour of the Polonian empyre. Newlie translated into English.; De optimo senatore. English Goślicki, Wawrzyniec, 1530-1607. 1598 (1598) STC 12372; ESTC S106731 134,196 158

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and_o most_o perfect_a but_o such_o government_n be_v without_o law_n be_v heavy_a &_o hard_o to_o those_o that_o live_v therein_o yet_o if_o the_o other_o state_n be_v also_o without_o law_n that_o be_v the_o best_a the_o seven_o except_v for_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o that_o sort_n be_v of_o all_o other_o governor_n to_o be_v obey_v and_o honour_v as_o a_o god_n among_o man_n the_o diversity_n of_o commonweal_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n nor_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o every_o government_n be_v frame_v according_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o place_n man_n their_o wit_n and_o education_n also_o the_o variety_n not_o only_o of_o man_n inclination_n but_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o commonweal_n be_v make_v diverse_a through_o the_o diversity_n of_o country_n their_o climate_n and_o be_v what_o shall_v i_o say_v of_o sedition_n war_n and_o faction_n for_o they_o ofttimes_o do_v utter_o subvert_v commonweal_n or_o change_v they_o into_o state_n contrariwise_o govern_v such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o worldly_a thing_n that_o mischance_n stand_v next_o to_o good_a fortune_n and_o vice_n be_v mix_v with_o virtue_n so_o as_o with_o facility_n man_n fall_v from_o good_a into_o evil_n sometime_o it_o also_o happen_v that_o commonweal_n well_o frame_v through_o evil_a minister_n be_v either_o extinguish_v or_o alter_v into_o other_o form_n of_o government_n hereof_o it_o come_v that_o kingdom_n become_v tyranny_n optimaty_n be_v make_v the_o government_n of_o a_o few_o and_o popular_a state_n be_v convert_v into_o licentious_a liberty_n and_o from_o that_o bring_v back_o unto_o tyranny_n plato_n write_v that_o the_o change_n of_o commonweal_n be_v fatal_a through_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o planet_n the_o variation_n of_o state_n do_v also_o otherwhiles_o proceed_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o commonweal_n man_n mind_n and_o order_n of_o life_n for_o in_o some_o state_n there_o be_v many_o rich_a man_n in_o other_o many_o poor_a in_o other_o plenty_n of_o noble_a man_n soldier_n and_o ploughman_n in_o other_o plenty_n of_o merchant_n craft_n man_n and_o artificer_n then_o whensoever_o the_o number_n of_o merchant_n artifizant_n and_o ploughman_n do_v surmount_v the_o rest_n that_o state_n most_o common_o beeom_v popular_a but_o where_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o plentiful_a there_o grow_v the_o government_n of_o a_o few_o great_a man_n where_o the_o most_o part_n of_o citizen_n be_v good_a man_n wise_a and_o virtuous_a that_o state_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v govern_v as_o a_o optimatie_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n as_o aristotle_n think_v which_o contend_v for_o the_o government_n liberty_n riches_n and_o virtue_n for_o nobility_n which_o hold_v the_o four_o place_n be_v companion_n both_o to_o virtue_n and_o riches_n because_o the_o equal_a mixture_n of_o rich_a and_o poor_a man_n be_v call_v a_o popular_a state_n a_o faction_n only_o of_o rich_a man_n be_v name_v the_o government_n of_o a_o few_o and_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v free_a man_n rich_a man_n and_o good_a man_n be_v account_v a_o optimatie_n such_o a_o one_o be_v the_o carthaginian_a commonweal_n for_o scotfree_a man_n good_a man_n and_o noble_a man_n be_v therein_o equal_o esteem_v thus_o have_v we_o discover_v all_o kind_n of_o common_a weal_n which_o either_o by_o man_n experience_n have_v be_v find_v or_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o law_n maker_n or_o philosopher_n can_v be_v devise_v but_o which_o of_o they_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o excellent_a can_v as_o have_v before_o be_v say_v easy_o be_v determine_v for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o prefer_v and_o praise_v not_o the_o state_n wherein_o he_o king_n be_v bear_v and_o breed_v some_o more_o willing_o do_v live_v in_o kingdom_n then_o any_o other_o state_n who_o be_v chief_o such_o man_n as_o be_v natural_o apt_a to_o honour_v those_o that_o be_v virtuous_a and_o fit_a for_o action_n the_o cappadocian_o have_v many_o age_n live_v under_o king_n who_o race_n be_v extinguish_v be_v offer_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v their_o state_n convert_v into_o popular_a liberty_n but_o they_o refuse_v it_o then_o the_o roman_n appoint_v ariobarsanes_n their_o friend_n to_o be_v king_n of_o cappadocia_n the_o contrary_a course_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o athenian_n for_o they_o affect_v a_o popular_a state_n will_v neither_o consent_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o one_o nor_o many_o yea_o some_o there_o be_v that_o do_v most_o allow_v the_o tyrannical_a government_n as_o in_o old_a time_n the_o siculi_n who_o state_n be_v always_o accustom_v to_o tyrant_n and_o so_o be_v servile_a well_o near_o all_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n who_o be_v by_o nature_n servile_a be_v even_o till_o this_o age_n subject_n to_o tyrannical_a government_n such_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v civil_o govern_v be_v man_n accustom_v to_o honest_a riches_n and_o glory_n for_o their_o virtuous_a enterprise_n in_o war_n for_o they_o not_o forget_v the_o order_v condition_n of_o their_o government_n be_v content_a by_o turn_n aswell_o to_o obey_v as_o command_v but_o let_v we_o now_o discourse_v of_o the_o best_a common_a weal_n whosoever_o shall_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o speak_v thereof_o it_o behove_v he_o first_o to_o understande_v what_o be_v the_o best_a kind_n and_o order_n of_o life_n for_o be_v thereof_o ignorant_a a_o perfect_a commonweal_n can_v be_v conceive_v it_o stand_v he_o also_o upon_o to_o understand_v by_o what_o mean_n man_n be_v bring_v to_o good_a order_n of_o live_a for_o the_o state_n be_v always_o like_a unto_o the_o man_n that_o live_v therein_o but_o which_o kind_n of_o life_n ought_v be_v account_v best_o the_o philosopher_n have_v not_o by_o consent_n determine_v the_o stoic_n the_o peripatetic_n &_o the_o epicure_n do_v diverslie_o judge_v of_o that_o matter_n and_o into_o diverse_a sect_n and_o opinion_n have_v divide_v the_o world_n but_o our_o intent_n be_v to_o concur_v with_o the_o perepateticke_n because_o their_o school_n have_v bring_v four_o man_n of_o most_o perfection_n and_o to_o their_o virtue_n they_o have_v join_v the_o use_n of_o external_a thing_n wherewith_o the_o felicity_n of_o man_n be_v not_o only_o ornify_v but_o also_o perfect_v we_o therefore_o account_v their_o precept_n to_o be_v most_o profitable_a aswell_o for_o man_n as_o common_a weal_n the_o stoic_n love_v austerity_n of_o life_n do_v ground_n their_o felicity_n upon_o virtue_n only_o which_o we_o mislike_v not_o so_o as_o therewith_o they_o consent_v that_o to_o the_o use_n of_o virtue_n man_n have_v need_n of_o external_a good_n which_o both_o nature_n and_o fortune_n have_v make_v for_o use_v of_o man_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v become_v the_o more_o happy_a better_a and_o perfect_a for_o see_v that_o felicity_n of_o man_n be_v number_v among_o thing_n of_o perfection_n and_o that_o thing_n be_v only_o perfect_a which_o want_v nothing_o sure_o whosoever_o desire_v to_o be_v happy_a must_v of_o force_n be_v furnish_v full_o so_o as_o his_o felicity_n may_v be_v absolute_a and_o without_o want_n it_o behove_v he_o therefore_o to_o be_v wise_a just_a temperate_a valiant_a rich_a honourable_a consist_v comely_a healthy_a and_o strong_a and_o since_o the_o happiness_n of_o man_n life_n consist_v in_o his_o felicity_n and_o that_o he_o be_v make_v of_o body_n and_o mind_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o be_v no_o less_o happy_a in_o mind_n then_o in_o body_n for_o be_v in_o any_o of_o they_o infortunate_a or_o disable_v he_o can_v be_v call_v perfect_o happy_a moreover_o if_o all_o good_a thing_n do_v tend_v to_o man_n felicity_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o have_v of_o they_o abundance_n which_o whosoever_o have_v must_v understand_v that_o only_o for_o himself_o he_o be_v not_o bear_v but_o as_o cicero_n say_v his_o country_n his_o friend_n his_o kinsfolk_n and_o alliance_n do_v claim_v their_o share_n in_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o felicity_n because_o to_o every_o of_o they_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v happy_a it_o behoove_v he_o to_o give_v part_n not_o only_o of_o his_o treasure_n of_o mind_n as_o justice_n and_o wisdom_n but_o also_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n bestow_v on_o he_o for_o the_o use_n and_o life_n of_o man_n the_o liberal_a man_n need_v money_n to_o perform_v the_o action_n of_o liberality_n and_o the_o just_a man_n therewith_o must_v reward_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n the_o valiantman_n require_v force_n and_o power_n to_o be_v thereby_o enable_v to_o execute_v somewhat_o worthy_a his_o virtue_n the_o temperate_a man_n ask_v authority_n and_o liberty_n whereby_o he_o may_v show_v himself_o to_o be_v such_o a_o one_o the_o sort_n philosopher_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o life_n the_o first_o consist_v in_o action_n the_o second_o in_o contemplation_n and_o the_o third_o in_o pleasure_n which_o be_v exercise_v in_o lust_n
civil_a wise_o or_o that_o show_n themselves_o valiant_a in_o the_o war_n of_o their_o country_n be_v call_v civil_a nobility_n the_o force_n of_o this_o nobility_n extend_v to_o all_o posterity_n and_o the_o memory_n thereof_o to_o be_v record_v by_o portrature_n badge_n and_o monument_n wherewith_o man_n be_v incite_v to_o imitate_v and_o honour_v the_o virtue_n of_o their_o ancestor_n for_o the_o badge_n of_o nobility_n do_v represent_v nobility_n nothingelse_a but_o the_o title_n or_o claim_n to_o nobility_n and_o be_v a_o monument_n of_o ancient_a virtue_n and_o dignity_n wherewith_o we_o be_v as_o by_o a_o pledge_n of_o honest_a life_n bind_v to_o follow_v the_o ancient_a virtue_n and_o action_n of_o our_o forefather_n as_o in_o every_o commonweal_n there_o be_v two_o time_n the_o one_o of_o peace_n the_o other_o of_o war_n so_o be_v the_o noble_a citizen_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o for_o war_n the_o other_o apt_a for_o peace_n the_o first_o of_o they_o by_o arm_n do_v inlaige_a or_o at_o the_o least_o defend_v the_o confine_n of_o our_o country_n the_o the_o second_o with_o counsel_n and_o wisdom_n do_v govern_v and_o preserve_v it_o they_o ought_v therefore_o be_v mix_v to_o the_o end_n the_o commonweal_n may_v receive_v the_o more_o profit_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n consultable_a action_n follow_v action_n counsel_n which_o be_v the_o respect_n those_o man_n who_o counsel_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n govern_v the_o commonweal_n wise_o peaceable_o and_o happy_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o that_o either_o defend_v or_o enlarge_v the_o same_o by_o arm_n for_o as_o the_o soul_n be_v more_o worthy_a than_o the_o body_n and_o peace_n more_o precious_a than_o war_n so_o be_v the_o one_o sort_n of_o man_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o homer_n induce_v agamemnon_n say_v he_o can_v more_o easy_o surprise_v troy_n with_o the_o counsel_n of_o ten_o nestor_n or_o ulysses_n then_o with_o the_o force_n of_o twice_o so_o many_o a●aci_n or_o achilli_n pyrrhus_n be_v also_o wont_a to_o say_v the_o eloquence_n of_o cyneas_n have_v conquer_v more_o city_n than_o he_o with_o all_o his_o soldier_n but_o who_o excel_v both_o in_o wisdom_n and_o martial_a knowledge_n be_v deserve_o above_o all_o other_o to_o be_v esteem_v and_o honour_v for_o who_o so_o possess_v most_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v most_o worthy_a and_o honourable_a we_o will_v therefore_o that_o our_o councillor_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v a_o good_a citizen_n but_o also_o a_o good_a man_n for_o the_o virtue_n of_o diverse_a a_o good_a man_n differ_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o a_o good_a citizen_n in_o that_o the_o one_o use_v all_o virtue_n agreeable_a to_o honest_a life_n the_o other_o observe_v only_o the_o law_n make_v for_o preservation_n of_o civil_a commodity_n and_o as_o sometime_o we_o see_v a_o cunning_a artisan_n a_o evil_a man_n so_o a_o good_a citizen_n in_o service_n of_o the_o state_n may_v be_v politic_a diligent_a and_o stout_a yet_o otherwise_o injust_a intemperate_a and_o cowardly_a it_o be_v say_v that_o julius_n caesar_n be_v such_o a_o one_o because_o his_o manner_n of_o life_n be_v not_o unfit_a for_o a_o good_a man_n yet_o such_o as_o do_v differ_v from_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o good_a citizen_n but_o we_o will_v that_o our_o senator_n shall_v be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o have_v be_v describe_v thing_n those_o commonweal_n have_v ever_o be_v account_v fortunate_a and_o happy_a wherein_o the_o subject_n be_v also_o bless_v for_o every_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o felicity_n of_o man_n and_o commonweal_n do_v seem_v to_o spring_v from_o one_o fountain_n from_o oneself_o cause_n and_o through_o virtue_n they_o do_v become_v both_o happy_a yet_o all_o state_n and_o happy_a man_n be_v not_o only_o happy_a by_o the_o benefit_n of_o virtue_n but_o do_v also_o need_v the_o aid_n of_o fortune_n for_o that_o state_n only_o be_v happy_a which_o be_v good_a it_o behove_v therefore_o that_o therein_o be_v the_o good_n of_o mind_n the_o good_n of_o body_n and_o riches_n the_o good_n of_o mind_n be_v gain_v by_o virtue_n by_o aid_n whereof_o wise_a only_o the_o city_n be_v wise_a strong_a temperate_a and_o just_a that_o state_n be_v wise_a which_o be_v endue_v with_o wise_a and_o good_a counsel_n understand_v what_o belong_v to_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n which_o wisdom_n or_o knowledge_n can_v be_v in_o base_a people_n and_o man_n mechanical_a but_o in_o civil_a person_n destine_v to_o honour_n and_o virtue_n as_o prince_n councillor_n judge_n general_n and_o governor_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o the_o state_n be_v call_v wise_a for_o if_o those_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v foolish_a unexpert_a and_o unlearned_a the_o same_o valiant_a do_v cause_v the_o whole_a commonweal_n to_o be_v vain_a and_o simple_a the_o valour_n of_o the_o state_n consist_v in_o captain_n and_o soldier_n who_o industry_n courage_n and_o expertnes_n in_o cause_n military_a do_v make_v the_o commonweal_n valiant_a such_o man_n be_v formidable_a to_o foe_n and_o defend_v the_o commonweal_n from_o danger_n whereby_o it_o become_v assure_v and_o quiet_a it_o great_o behove_v every_o state_n to_o have_v expert_a and_o well_o train_v soldier_n whereby_o the_o same_o continue_v quiet_a from_o terror_n and_o tumult_n it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o discontinue_v and_o that_o soldier_n be_v exercise_v for_o virtue_n and_o not_o for_o violence_n for_o to_o employ_v arm_n against_o friend_n or_o the_o commonweal_n seem_v not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o a_o bad_a soldier_n but_o also_o of_o a_o evil_a man_n wherefore_o soldier_n the_o chief_a virtue_n of_o a_o soldier_n ought_v be_v to_o show_v himself_o towards_o those_o of_o his_o own_o country_n modest_a courteous_a and_o merciful_a and_o towards_o enemy_n fierce_a courageous_a and_o cruel_a for_o while_o fury_n of_o war_n reign_v and_o enemy_n do_v assault_v subject_n into_o their_o hand_n the_o common_a welfare_n religion_n fidelity_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commonweal_n be_v commit_v because_o they_o only_o do_v support_v the_o life_n and_o good_n of_o all_o other_o subject_n every_o soldier_n than_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v call_v a_o defender_n of_o his_o country_n do_v know_v his_o delight_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v in_o pleasure_n idleness_n or_o domestical_a delicacy_n but_o arm_n weapon_n lances_z labour_n and_o sweat_v a_o soldier_n ought_v also_o to_o avoid_v private_a quarrel_n and_o factious_a enterprise_n neither_o shall_v he_o intermeddle_v with_o civil_a conspiracy_n or_o rebellion_n but_o at_o all_o time_n be_v careful_a to_o withstand_v the_o peril_n attempt_v against_o his_o country_n do_v thou_o delight_v to_o hunt_v the_o buck_n the_o boar_n the_o bear_n and_o hare_n or_o take_v pleasure_n to_o teach_v thy_o dog_n to_o kill_v they_o why_o shall_v thou_o not_o likewise_o study_v to_o assault_v castle_n lead_v soldier_n and_o vanquish_v thy_o enemy_n if_o in_o these_o thing_n thou_o be_v ignorant_a and_o care_v only_a to_o fill_v thy_o own_o paunch_n than_o thou_o make_v war_n with_o savage_a beast_n only_o and_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o thy_o neighbour_n good_n or_o life_n whereby_o certain_o thou_o live_v a_o seditious_a ignoble_a and_o idle_a life_n not_o worthy_a to_o be_v call_v a_o soldier_n but_o a_o sluggard_n not_o a_o gentleman_n but_o a_o juggler_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o slave_n unworthy_a thy_o dignity_n we_o do_v repute_v thou_o be_v the_o war_n proclaim_v then_o must_v thou_o without_o delay_n be_v ready_a least_o in_o long_o think_v what_o pay_n be_v prepare_v for_o thou_o thy_o enemy_n have_v fraught_v himself_o with_o spoil_n and_o be_v escape_v whereby_o thy_o country_n shall_v afterwards_o too_o late_o lament_v thy_o slooth_n it_o be_v therefore_o more_o profitable_a speedy_o to_o take_v arm_n then_o with_o long_o muse_v to_o mar_v all_o buthappe_o no_o wage_n be_v give_v what_o then_o will_v thou_o rather_o sell_v thy_o service_n or_o give_v it_o to_o thy_o country_n which_o have_v give_v thou_o life_n honour_n riches_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n in_o hope_n of_o this_o only_a duty_n that_o thou_o shall_v hold_v it_o most_o dear_a and_o as_o a_o faithful_a and_o voluntary_a soldier_n free_o defend_v it_o god_n forbid_v thou_o shall_v think_v that_o thy_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v make_v noble_a with_o money_n or_o that_o thou_o will_v be_v call_v rather_o a_o covetous_a soldier_n than_o a_o true_a servant_n to_o thy_o country_n be_v persuade_v that_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o soldier_n be_v to_o know_v how_o to_o handle_v arm_n and_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o war_n to_o live_v just_o and_o equal_o with_o other_o subject_n not_o offend_v their_o quiet_a or_o reputation_n for_o if_o thou_o fight_v for_o peace_n have_v peace_n why_o do_v thou_o
and_o continual_o to_o think_v of_o they_o for_o he_o be_v the_o man_n at_o who_o hand_n the_o people_n and_o country_n do_v look_v for_o their_o welfare_n and_o he_o fail_v of_o his_o endeavour_n or_o refuse_v to_o work_v the_o welldoing_a thereof_o do_v commit_v a_o error_n not_o only_o reprovable_a but_o also_o impious_a the_o chief_a duty_n of_o our_o love_n and_o fidelity_n next_o unto_o god_n be_v due_a unto_o our_o country_n which_o who_o so_o love_v not_o be_v perhaps_o to_o be_v hold_v inferior_a to_o beast_n many_o of_o which_o kind_n draw_v only_o with_o love_n to_o their_o natural_a soil_n as_o captive_n to_o their_o country_n do_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v then_o abandon_v the_o place_n wherein_o they_o have_v their_o birth_n and_o education_n this_o love_n to_o our_o country_n join_v unto_o high_a wisdom_n do_v make_v such_o a_o universal_a agreement_n country_n among_o man_n as_o nothing_o can_v be_v in_o counsel_n say_v or_o do_v offensive_o unwise_o or_o unjust_o but_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o balance_n of_o perfect_a judgement_n equal_o and_o indifferent_o examine_v thus_o we_o see_v the_o force_n of_o wisdom_n be_v great_a since_o through_o it_o as_o by_o a_o gate_n we_o pass_v unto_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n and_o without_o it_o no_o virtue_n can_v defend_v itself_o because_o only_o by_o benefit_n of_o it_o we_o become_v just_a temperate_a and_o valiant_a also_o by_o it_o we_o be_v instruct_v where_o when_o and_o how_o to_o use_v all_o other_o virtue_n prudence_n have_v also_o under_o her_o certain_a other_o virtue_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v follower_n and_o companion_n by_o which_o mean_a her_o power_n become_v enlarge_v and_o ornify_v which_o if_o the_o counsellor_n do_v careful_o remember_v and_o diligent_o observe_v he_o shall_v thereby_o in_o his_o action_n and_o counsel_n gain_v great_a praise_n and_o glory_n worthy_a the_o wisdom_n of_o so_o great_a prudence_n a_o personage_n wherefore_o first_o it_o behove_v he_o to_o be_v witty_a docible_a of_o good_a memory_n of_o sound_a understanding_n circumspect_a provident_a wary_a and_o wily_a for_o these_o virtue_n as_o plato_n and_o the_o peripatetic_n affirm_v be_v the_o follower_n and_o servant_n of_o prudence_n witt._n wit_n be_v a_o certain_a natural_a force_n by_o nature_n incident_a to_o reason_n have_v power_n to_o conceive_v thing_n proceed_v from_o reason_n which_o although_o many_o time_n it_o be_v not_o nourish_v by_o industry_n art_n and_o memory_n yet_o be_v it_o alone_o of_o force_n and_o without_o use_n or_o learning_n do_v make_v many_o man_n very_o commendable_a lot_z the_o counsellor_n therefore_o know_v his_o own_o wit_n and_o become_v sharp_a in_o the_o excogitation_n of_o reason_n eloquent_a in_o delate_v and_o ornify_v his_o speech_n and_o firm_a in_o memory_n this_o wisdom_n whereby_o we_o first_o conceive_v all_o thing_n do_v spring_n from_o the_o quickness_n of_o wit_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o memory_n and_o aptness_n to_o learning_n of_o which_o two_o man_n be_v call_v ingenious_a and_o be_v confirm_v by_o learning_n and_o experience_n that_o wit_n be_v most_o laudable_a which_o be_v constant_a strong_a sharp_a immutable_a noble_a pleasant_a gallant_a and_o liberal_a the_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n be_v much_o ornify_v by_o docilitie_n and_o memory_n by_o the_o one_o we_o be_v teach_v to_o conceive_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v lay_v before_o we_o by_o the_o other_o we_o retain_v in_o mind_n whatsoever_o be_v either_o by_o ourselves_o invent_v or_o by_o other_o utter_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o those_o thing_n it_o behoove_v a_o counsellor_n to_o be_v most_o diligent_a for_o not_o to_o conceive_v quick_o and_o remember_v what_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o other_o be_v the_o property_n of_o a_o dull_a and_o foolish_a wit_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o demosthenes_n alcibiades_n mithridates_n and_o diverse_a other_o most_o notable_a man_n have_v be_v as_o we_o read_v in_o those_o thing_n much_o practise_v furthermore_o we_o must_v know_v that_o as_o wit_n be_v the_o grace_n of_o every_o counsellor_n so_o understanding_n understanding_n be_v the_o light_n of_o wit_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o think_v and_o understand_v we_o conceive_v all_o thing_n or_o their_o idea_n as_o well_o true_a as_o false_a for_o by_o common_a understanding_n we_o comprehend_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n and_o through_o it_o judge_v that_o every_o thing_n honest_a ought_v be_v refer_v to_o virtue_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v dishonest_a must_v be_v include_v in_o vice_n which_o understanding_n be_v not_o disjoin_v from_o the_o sense_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v interpreter_n and_o reporter_n of_o knowledge_n yet_o must_v we_o take_v heed_n not_o to_o be_v deceive_v by_o sensual_a judgement_n and_o therefore_o all_o feblenes_n dulness_n and_o insensibility_n ought_v be_v eschew_v for_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o either_o by_o art_n or_o subtlety_n we_o become_v shameful_o deceive_v which_o error_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o chief_o in_o the_o know_n and_o judge_v of_o good_a and_o true_a from_o bad_a and_o false_a be_v to_o be_v avoid_v circumspection_n we_o will_v also_o that_o our_o counsellor_n shall_v be_v ciscumspect_a not_o only_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v happen_v private_o but_o also_o in_o every_o other_o that_o may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o commonweal_n for_o he_o must_v endeavour_n himself_o in_o the_o safety_n of_o subject_n to_o foresee_v all_o storm_n that_o can_v happen_v unto_o the_o state_n and_o provide_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o every_o member_n thereof_o this_o virtue_n call_v circumspection_n be_v a_o careful_a consideration_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v and_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n of_o much_o importance_n because_o through_o wise_a circumspection_n the_o force_n and_o fury_n of_o fortune_n be_v divert_v and_o we_o yield_v rather_o to_o reason_n and_o counsel_n then_o trust_v to_o the_o rashness_n and_o fierceness_n of_o fortune_n in_o this_o virtue_n quintus_n fabius_n do_v excel_v for_o he_o as_o be_v report_v by_o delay_n and_o protract_v time_n save_v the_o roman_a state_n but_o contrariwise_o flaminius_n incircumspectilie_o trust_v to_o his_o courage_n &_o strength_n assault_v hannibal_n to_o his_o own_o great_a disadvantage_n i_o omit_v to_o tell_v how_o q._n scipio_n the_o consul_n with_o diverse_a other_o be_v through_o want_n of_o circumspection_n by_o the_o cimbri_n distress_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v also_o most_o needful_a &_o profitable_a that_o the_o counsellor_n shall_v use_v circumspection_n and_o be_v as_o a_o argus_n or_o lynceus_n in_o the_o commonweal_n to_o spy_v out_o those_o thing_n which_o appertain_v to_o the_o concord_n peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o people_n for_o not_o so_o be_v he_o can_v foresee_v what_o sedition_n war_n and_o unlooked_a for_o accident_n do_v daily_o happen_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonweal_n some_o there_o be_v so_o ignorant_a so_o unwise_a or_o blind_v with_o abundance_n of_o pleasure_n as_o scarce_o they_o can_v discern_v thing_n before_o their_o face_n much_o less_o foresee_v they_o which_o by_o the_o event_n of_o thing_n and_o time_n become_v perilous_a to_o the_o commonweal_n be_v a_o occasion_n of_o many_o misadventure_n which_o kind_n of_o man_n as_o more_o careful_a of_o their_o own_o private_a than_o the_o public_a commodity_n may_v deserve_o be_v remove_v from_o government_n for_o notwithstanding_o they_o see_v the_o threaten_n of_o war_n the_o people_n carry_v away_o captive_a the_o country_n spoil_v woman_n and_o child_n sell_v for_o slave_n town_n burn_v field_n waste_v and_o temple_n profane_v and_o moreover_o behold_v the_o commonweal_n with_o most_o extremity_n affect_v by_o barbarous_a enemy_n yet_o use_v they_o no_o circumspection_n counsel_n nor_o medicine_n wherewith_o so_o great_a a_o fury_n of_o misery_n may_v be_v cure_v or_o cool_v for_o perhaps_o they_o more_o willing_o behold_v the_o people_n trouble_v and_o weaken_v with_o sedition_n the_o mean_a sort_n of_o the_o more_o mighty_a oppress_v senator_n and_o the_o religion_n of_o god_n neglect_v but_o the_o good_a senator_n with_o all_o his_o force_n embrace_v the_o commonweal_n study_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o common_a saveftie_a and_o welfare_n may_v be_v make_v happy_a and_o perpetual_a he_o provide_v that_o the_o fury_n of_o enemy_n may_v by_o garrison_n and_o fortress_n be_v restrain_v that_o castle_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v build_v the_o place_n of_o defence_n may_v be_v repair_v and_o that_o passage_n may_v be_v stop_v all_o which_o thing_n be_v common_o great_a obstacle_n and_o impeachment_n to_o enemy_n it_o be_v also_o requisite_a to_o have_v some_o subject_n well_o train_v ready_a and_o exercise_v for_o by_o such_o preparation_n the_o commonweal_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fortify_v disdain_v the_o force_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o divert_v their_o mind_n from_o offer_v violence_n the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v the_o body_n
that_o the_o counsellor_n shall_v speak_v to_o the_o wise_a sort_n eloquent_o nor_o to_o the_o foolish_a true_o other_o there_o be_v swell_v with_o privy_a grudge_n anger_n and_o hate_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v catch_v occasion_n to_o speak_v do_v forthwith_o fall_v into_o blame_v and_o slander_v other_o hope_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o win_v good_a will_n and_o reputation_n which_o kind_n of_o man_n do_v no_o way_n profit_v the_o commonweal_n but_o rather_o by_o hatred_n displeasure_n and_o discord_n hinder_v the_o state_n for_o if_o they_o be_v good_a man_n in_o cause_n concern_v their_o country_n they_o either_o will_v not_o or_o shall_v not_o be_v angry_a hate_n or_o grudge_v at_o other_o some_o also_o be_v scarce_o of_o counsel_n in_o pronounce_v their_o sentence_n do_v follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o other_o counsellor_n say_v after_o they_o and_o therefore_o be_v among_o roman_n call_v pedar●j_n senatores_fw-la yet_o i●_n they_o so_o do_v not_o through_o ignorance_n ought_v be_v allow_v for_o it_o be_v reasonable_a and_o profitable_a for_o the_o state_n to_o imitate_v and_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o wise_a and_o good_a counsellor_n and_o sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o all_o counsellor_n be_v of_o one_o mind_n and_o meaning_n which_o so_o be_v it_o be_v better_a to_o affirm_v that_o which_o be_v speak_v by_o other_o then_o with_o many_o word_n as_o it_o be_v of_o one_o effect_n consume_v the_o time_n a_o counsellor_n must_v also_o beware_v that_o in_o speak_v his_o sentence_n there_o appear_v in_o his_o speech_n not selfe_o like_v or_o ostentation_n and_o albeit_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n will_v sometime_o occasion_v contention_n in_o counsel_n yet_o therein_o all_o slander_n offence_n and_o other_o perturbation_n which_o may_v pervert_v or_o disturb_v the_o state_n ought_v be_v eschew_v and_o in_o reconcile_n of_o opinion_n let_v the_o great_a number_n prevail_v for_o that_o which_o seem_v good_a to_o most_o man_n must_v be_v think_v just_a and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n the_o order_n of_o speak_v in_o counsel_n be_v sentence_n in_o diverse_a state_n diverse_o use_v for_o in_o some_o the_o elder_a man_n do_v speak_v first_o in_o other_o the_o young_a counsellor_n and_o in_o some_o also_o they_o that_o be_v of_o most_o experience_n and_o wisdom_n be_v prefer_v in_o that_o matter_n the_o custom_n of_o every_o place_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o order_n to_o be_v repute_v good_a just_a profitable_a &_o convenient_a which_o reason_n &_o common_a use_n among_o man_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v receive_v yet_o do_v it_o seem_v best_o that_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o age_a and_o experience_a man_n shall_v be_v first_o hard_o to_o the_o end_n the_o young_a sort_n may_v have_v the_o more_o time_n to_o deliberate_v of_o their_o speech_n beside_o that_o the_o young_a counsellor_n opinion_n be_v first_o pronownce_v do_v sometime_o divide_v the_o elder_a and_o draw_v they_o into_o sundry_a conceit_n therefore_o the_o best_a be_v that_o every_o one_o shall_v speak_v not_o when_o he_o will_v but_o when_o he_o be_v ask_v for_o by_o such_o mean_v order_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o all_o occasion_n of_o contention_n remove_v in_o speak_v it_o be_v lawful_a sometime_o to_o speak_v doubtful_o because_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v excuse_v the_o speaker_n also_o by_o the_o diversity_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n the_o mind_n be_v distract_v not_o know_v to_o which_o side_n to_o yield_v where_o in_o the_o suspicion_n of_o rashness_n must_v be_v eschew_v lest_o of_o set_a purpose_n or_o affection_n more_o than_o of_o judgement_n we_o yield_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o man_n for_o the_o censure_n of_o other_o man_n be_v to_o be_v ponder_v not_o number_v number_n and_o ●eede_o must_v be_v take_v that_o the_o great_a part_n do_v not_o oppress_v the_o true_a aristotle_n do_v permit_v that_o a_o man_n in_o say_v his_o sentence_n may_v twice_o speak_v doubtful_o but_o if_o the_o three_o time_n he_o trip_v or_o fail_v he_o shall_v not_o aster_n be_v suffer_v to_o speak_v in_o that_o cause_n we_o must_v also_o take_v heed_n lest_o our_o speech_n be_v over_o long_o for_o therein_o a_o double_a fault_n be_v commit_v by_o make_v ourselves_o weary_a with_o speak_v and_o other_o with_o hear_n speech_n which_o error_n caesar_n sometime_o reprove_v in_o cato_n let_v the_o counsellor_n speech_n therefore_o be_v short_a sincere_a and_o not_o obscure_v with_o entice_a term_n not_o unaduised_a not_o doubtful_a or_o deceitful_a but_o grave_n simple_a holy_a and_o true_a and_o it_o be_v fit_a each_o man_n shall_v speak_v swear_v to_o the_o end_n god_n may_v be_v the_o witness_n of_o his_o mind_n it_o import_v not_o much_o whether_o his_o sentence_n be_v write_v or_o rehearse_v in_o word_n yet_o the_o reason_n write_v be_v common_o set_v down_o with_o more_o diligence_n chief_o if_o the_o matter_n require_v a_o long_a oration_n his_o voice_n will_v be_v manly_a and_o counsellor_n frame_v rather_o to_o gravity_n then_o effeminacy_n clear_a and_o audible_a not_o soft_a nor_o so_o low_a as_o can_v be_v well_o hear_v in_o conclusion_n the_o counsellor_n ought_v to_o observe_v three_o thing_n by_o cicero_n prescribe_v that_o be_v to_o be_v counsel_n present_a in_o counsel_n for_o the_o ordinary_a meeting_n of_o counsellor_n do_v add_v thereunto_o a_o gravity_n to_o speak_v in_o place_n unto_o that_o be_v ask_v and_o in_o good_a sort_n or_o use_v measure_n which_o be_v that_o this_o speech_n be_v not_o infinite_a that_o the_o counsellor_n which_o absent_v himself_o be_v unblamable_a wherefore_o be_v call_v he_o must_v obey_v neither_o be_v it_o fit_a that_o any_o counsellor_n shall_v go_v into_o foreign_a nation_n unless_o he_o be_v public_o send_v as_o ambassador_n governor_n or_o commander_n in_o war_n least_o by_o such_o absence_n the_o commonweal_n be_v damnify_v the_o chief_a substance_n and_o ground_n of_o a_o counsellor_n wisdom_n be_v that_o in_o all_o his_o word_n and_o work_n he_o perform_v the_o part_n of_o a_o good_a and_o just_a man_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o comeliness_n of_o his_o life_n for_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o we_o be_v wise_a unless_o we_o be_v also_o good_a for_o prudence_n without_o justice_n be_v mere_a subtlety_n and_o hold_v rather_o a_o vice_n then_o virtue_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o virtue_n we_o be_v make_v good_a that_o be_v just_a courteous_a and_o honest_a but_o by_o wisdom_n we_o become_v only_o wise_a beside_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o virtue_n we_o be_v call_v good_a but_o for_o wisdom_n alone_o we_o be_v not_o therefore_o he_o be_v indeed_o as_o man_n plato_n also_o affirm_v to_o be_v name_v a_o good_a man_n that_o embrace_v the_o virtue_n live_v according_o and_o fear_v not_o to_o die_v for_o his_o country_n whensoever_o the_o same_o be_v assault_v or_o oppress_v and_o be_v content_a to_o suffer_v all_o thing_n rather_o than_o that_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v 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