the Iesuites which with great labour industry and diligence doe there professe the Arts. The manners of the inhabitantes are for the most parte sower and seuere their complexion inclining to Melancholy whereof Ausonius writeth among many other thinges in commendation of the Treuiri in this manner Quin etiam moreâ— laetum fronte seuera Ingenium natura suis concessit alumnis The ayre hereabout is commonly cloudy and often subiect to rayne wherefore the city in derision is vsually called Cloaca Planetarum Heidelberge HEidelberge is the metropolis of the Phaltes or Palatinacy of Rheine wherein the Phalsgraues or Countes Palatines continually holde their courtes and residence Some are of opinion that this cittie receiued his name from the colony of the Gentiles which in the German tongue are called Heyden Others there are which affirme that it should be written EÃ elberge that is to say a noble hill from the situation thereof which is on the side of a pleasant mountain from whence the Neccar springing descendeth into the playn and champion countries the land therabout is exceeding fruitfull and bringeth forth great store and plenty of wine oyle corne chestnuts and such like fruites This city together with the whole country adioyning is gouerned by the Rheingraues or Countes Palatines of Rheine who by succession doe hold the first chiefest place among the secular Electors of the Empire The first of the Palatines that aspired to that dignity was Sifridus who liued in the raigne of Otho the third this Emperour being well striken in yeares and hauing no issue to inherite the Emperiall Diademe after his decease desiring before his death to establish the Empire which he foresaw wold after his departure by the ambition of many competitors be much molested and endamaged by Ambassadors made earnest suite vnto the Pope that certaine princes might be ordayned constituted which should haue full power and absolute authority to elect the Roman Emperour vnto which his so lawfull and reasonable request the Pope condescending there were nominated 7. princes 3. spirituall that is to say the Archbishops of Ments Colen Trier and 4. temporall the king of Bohemia the Phaltsgraue of Rheine the Marquesse of Brandeburge the Duke of â—axony Sifridus therefore the Palatine being chosen amongst the rest liued not long after but deceased before he could make any benefite of his new authority In his place succeeded Henry his son by whose meanes Henry after called the holy the husband of his sister S. Kunegundis was chosen Emperour in the yeare of our Lord 1003. Rupertus the 10. Palatine of Rheine after the separation of the Dukedome of Bauaria from the Palatinacie receyuing the administration of the gouernment from his brother Adolphus a man of too small iudgement and weake vnderstanding to direct the helme of so great a charge erected in this citie an Vniuersity which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most worthy and famous Nurseries of the arts At the same time also that is to say in the year 1346. was by the same Earle founded a Church and Colledge of priestes in the newe towne wherein he lyeth buried The Abbot of Spanheyme discoursing of ecclesiasticall writers maketh mention of one Marsilius de Ingen whome some imagine to haue beene an Englishman as the first planter of this Academy Pope Vrban the sixt confirmed the same with the priueledges prerogatiues of Parise Many learned men hath this Academy fostered in our age sent into the world as Iohannes Dalburgius Rudolphus Agricola Iohannes Virdungus with many others which left behinde them sondrie monumentes of their greate wisedome and learning Also in this Vniuersity did that iudustrious and excellently learned scholler Sebastian Munster publikely professe the Hebrew tongue Tubinge TVbinge is a small citty in the Dukedome of Wirtenberge situated on the higher side of the Necchar and was in times past the principall seate and habitation of the Countes Palatines of Tubinge which now for the most parte reside in Leichtenecke a strong and goodly castell in Brisgewe not farre from Kentzigen In the yeare 1477. at the instance and most earnest entreaty of Eberhard the elder Earle of Wirtenberge and Mompelgard and his mother Mechâ—ildis the Pope licensed and authorized in this citty a generall profession of the liberall arts which Academy yet maintayneth well his place and dignity among the most learned and florishing Vniuersities of Germany Many excellent learned schollers haue issued from this Vniuersitie among the which most worthily may bee numbred Iohn Stoflerus a sage and profound Mathematician who did write a learned Treatise of Astronomy This cittie as I saide bordereth on the Necchar and lyeth in the middest of a most pleasant and fertile soyle which yeeldeth vnto the inhabitants wine corn and other necessarie prouisions in great plenty and aboundance The towne being before the erection of the Vniuersity therein in great want and pouerty and the houses meanely builded without eyther cost or curiousnes is now growne to that wealth and opulencie that for artificiall and well proportioned aedifices it may and not vnworthily be compared to the proudest cittie of the Germans It contayneth a magnificent most sumptuous Castell standing on the toppe of a mountayne strongly sortified beyond all credite and comparison Ingolestate INgolestate is a strong citty in the Dukedome of Bauaria lying neare vnto the Danon the greatest swiftest and most famous riuer of Christendome which passing with a violent current through Germany Hungary and Moldauia finally disgorgeth it selfe into the Euxine sea This cittie earst belonged to the Monastery of Altach and was by free gift deliuered vnto Lewes the last king of Bauaria since whose time it hath alwaies beene gouerned by his successors the Dukes of Bauaria and by little and little hath beene by them so mightily encreased that within those fifty yeares last passed what with the magnificence of the Dukes and priuiledges of the Popes it is become the most excellent and renowned Vniuersity of the vpper partes of Germany The Vniuersity was first instituted by Lewes the D. in the yeare of saluation 1471. and is at this day fauoured defended and mightily enriched by Aâ—bertus the moderne Duke thereof who hath builte therein not onely a peculiar colledge for the publique profession of Diuinity but also a fayre and goodly schoole for the education of youth wherein the Iesuites professe Rhetorique Philosophy and the Liberall Artes. Pope Pius the second adorned the same with many priuiledges and prerogatiues Straâ—o writeth that Bauaria is a region sterill desert and vnfruitfull which perchance in his time was so for want of being well inhabited assuredly at this day it is one of the most happie and plentifullest prouinces of Germany whence it commeth to passe that the studentes of Ingolestate are better accommodated and do liue with lesse expence then they well coulde in any other place of Christendome that
as they say receiued a peculiar cope or holy vestment which in the celebration of Masse he was accustomed to weare from the handes of our blessed Ladie because hee had with great learning defended her perpetuall virginitie against the Heluedian Heretiques which did oppugne the same The Archbishoppe of this Cittie is Chancelor of Castile the Metropolitane and chief of al the ecclesiasticall persons in Spaine the reuenewes of this church amounteth to the summe of 200000. Duckats whereof the Archbishop receyueth 80000. Siuille ANdolusia is that parte of Spaine which lyeth betweene Portugale and the streytes of Gibralter it is in latine called Wandolicia from the Wandales which long time possessed that countrie It was in former ages called Baetica from the riuer Betis which to the Spaniardes at this day is knowne by the name of Guadalquiuer neare to the side of this riuer is situated that famous and renowned cittie Siuille vnto the which for neatenesse and magnificence of aedifices both diuines and prophanes for profession and exercises of the liberall sciences for infinite aboundance of wealth and coÌ„modiousnes of liuing no one citty that euer I haue heard or read of scarse Rome herself flourishing in the height of her glory may worthily bee paragonde it excelleth all other citties of Spaine in fertility of the soyle which bringeth forth all kindes of grayne and Oliues in great aboundance and is enuironed and hedged about with trees greene and fruitfull In this Cittie are alwayes maintayned 30000. Genettes for seruice of the king The riuer Guadalquiuer running thorough the same deuideth it into two partes that part which lyeth on the west side thereof is called Triana which is a suburbe contayning three thousand Cittizens and is ioyned to the maine Cittie with a fayre goodly bridge on this side standeth a castell of greate strength and Maiesty This Cittie contayneth 24000. Citizens euery one hauing his priuate peculiar house which are al diuided into eight tribes whereof the first and chiefest is S. Maries tribe wherein is a church of so rare and admirable workemanship and such venerable Maiesty that our christian world can hardly shew the like This church hath a tower erected in forme of a Pyramis of most incredible height with much laborious arte and industry from whence all the coast and country adioyning may easily bee seene Out of this citty the king receyueth yearely by way of custome 500000. crownes A prouinciall councell was held in this citty in the yeare of our Lord 584. in the time of Mauritius the Emperour and Pope Pelagius the second An other councell was here assembled vnder Heraclius Pope Honorius the first in the yeare 636. The Archbishoppe of Siuill is in decree next vnto the Archbishop of Toledo and hath vnder him three Bishoppes suffragans that is to say the Bishoppe of Cales Malaga and the fortunate slandes he receyueth yearly out of the Church reuenewes 24000. Duckats The Vniuersity herein is of great antiquity hath sent forth into the world many learned and excellent men as Pope Siluester the second Auiccn a profounde Philosopher and most excellently learned Phisition and Leander who by their industry and wisedome reclamed Hermigilde and Richarde kinges of the Gothes from Arianisme to the catholike faith herein also flourished Isidorus a man much renowned for sincerity profoundnes in learning In this Vniuersity is a rich and most renowned library neare to the fryers predicants Valentia VAlentia is a Region of Spaine confined on the east side therof with the Mediterrane Sea on the North with Arragon on the South with Nurcia and on the West with Castile through this kingdome runneth a Riuer called by Salust Priscian Pomponius Mela other ancient writers Turia or Durias which since of the Moores which inhabited that country was called Guetalabiar neare to the mouth of which Riuer is situated that noble and famous citty Valentia the chief and principall Cittie of that kingdome a place of maruailous antiquity wherein are reserued euen vnto this day many auncient marbles with Roman inscriptions on them among the which there is one with this inscription Colonia Iulia Valentia wherby it most euidentlie appeareth that it hath in former ages been a Colony of the Romans Some there bee which affirme that this Citty was first called Roma vntill being by the Romans vanquished they called it by a worde in their owne language of the same signification Valentia In this Citty is an Vniuersity which in the yeare of grace 1470. did admirably flourish Herein Saint Dominicke the first founder of the Fryers praedicantes did absolue the courses of Philosophy and Theology Herein also did S. Vincent a Fryer of the same order in his youth study and in his elder yeares publikely teach Diuinity Wee read that in Valentia was assembled a generall councell in the yeare of saluation 466. The yearely Reuenewes of the Bishopricke in this cittie amount to 1â—000 Duckats In this countrie are made those porceline dishes which for pure temper of the mettall and exquisite artifice and workemanship so much desired in forrain nations The inhabitants of this kingdome retain yet a smacke or taste of the ancient Arabique tongue and some spices of the Mahumetane religion Granada THe kingdom of Granada is on the south side thereof limitted with the Mediterran sea it hath on the east side the kingdome of Murcia and on the West Andolusia in the middest of this kingdome standeth the Metropolis and chiefe and principal cittie thereof Granada from whence the realm hath deriued his name This Cittie and Countrie was possessed of the Moores and Saracins 800. yeares and were at last by the great and singular vertue of Ferdinand grandfather to Charles the fift together with their king Melis expulsed not onelie out of this kingdome but out of Spaine Since which time they neuer attempted any matter of great moment against the christians neyther durst they insinuate themselues into any one parte or corner of their dominions which wee haue spoken of before in the description of Toledo The greatest happinesse of this place consisteth in the fruitfulnesse and faecundity of the soile The houses of the cittie are builte all of free stone with curious and artificiall masonrie shewing great magnificence It is within replenished with many springes waters exceeding cold and most profitable for the coÌ„seruation of health without it is enuironed with a large statelie wall contayning in the circumference thereof twelue gates and a hundred and thirty turrets or towers By the great bounty and liberality of the king of Spaine in this Cittie was founded and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent Colledge to the vse of the Iesuites who are authorized therein to professe Philosophy Diuinity and the other triuiall and inferior studies In this place had that mirror of Christendome Lewes of Granada whome all men haue admired but no one euer could imitate
vniuersities of our Christian world I should cut off two of the most noble and principall limmes or members of the same I haue at last altering my first resolution annexed them to the end thereof in such manner as neither of these vniuersities shall finde cause of discontentment and the curious reader depart as I hope well satisfied Concerning the antiquities priuiledges and erection of colledges in the one and the other I write nothing of mine owne inuention what I haue found in M. Camdens Chorographicall description of England concerning Oxforde and other Chronicles that haue I gathered and set downe to Cambridge some thinges haue I added not of my self but extracted out of certaine papers printed in Paules Churchyearde in the yeare of our Lorde one thousand fiue hundred seauenty two and written by a learned Maister of that Vniuersity Accept therefore curteous Reader in good part what here thou findest offered to thy view and discourage me not with thy frowne in my first attempt the faultes that are herein escaped if they proceede from the authors vnskilfulnes forgiue them considering that he is one that hath more vsually beene acquainted with the warlike sounde of martiall drums then with the schooles and Lectures of Philosophy if committed by the Printer amend them gentlie with thy penne so shall I euer rest Thine to vse Samuell Lewhenor The names of those Authors whose authorities are alleadged in his worke AEneas Silâ—ius Amnionus Marcellinâ—s Annales Coloniae Angelus Aretinus Angelus Politianus Andraeas Alciatus Architremius Arnoldus Ferronus in historia Galliae Aulus Gellius Ausonius Baldus iurisconsultus Blondus Caesaris commentaria Cicero Cornelius Tacitus Erasmus Roterodamus Hubert Thomas Iacobus Paiua Andradius in lib orthodoxaruÌ„ explicationuÌ„ Iohannes Bohemus de moribus gentium Iohannes Calamaeus Iahannes Goropius Leander Machiauell in historia Florentina Marlianus Martialis Poeta Martinus Cromerus in historiâ— Paloniae Mâ—â—â—ndorpius de Academijs Munsterus Nauclerus Ortelius Osorius Paulus Iouius Paulus Manutius Perotus Petrus Anchoranus Philippus de Commines Platina Plinins Polidorus Virgilius Possidonius Ptolomaeus Rhodoginus Raphael Volateranus Sabellicus Saluianus Episcopus Massiliae Sarabellus Seneta Suetonius Strabo Solinus Polyhistor A Table containing the names both Latine and English of such Cities as are described in this booke Colonia Agrippina Colen Moguntia Ments Herbipolis Wirtsburge Treueris Tryer. Tubinga Tubinge Ingolestadium Ingolestate Erfordia Erford Lypsia Leipsige Wittenberga Wittenberge Francofordia ad Oderam Frankforde vpon Oder Rostochium Rostoch Gripswaldum Gripswalde Friburgum Friburge Martpurgum Martpurge Dilinga Dilinge Vienna Austriae Vienna Louanium Louaine Duacum Douay Leodium Leige Lugdunum Batauorum Leiden Hafnia Copenhagen Roma Rome Venetia Venice Patauium Padua Bononia  Ferrara  Mediolanum Millan Papia Pauia Taurinum Turin Florentia Florence Pisa.  Sienna  Mutinum Modena Parisii alià s  Lutetiae Paris Pictauia Poictiers Lugdunum Lions Andegauum Angiers Auignion  Aurelia Orleance Biturigum Bourges Cadonium Caen.  Rhemes Burdegalis Burdeux Tolosa Tholouse Nemansus Nimes Mons pessulanus Mompeliers Visontium Bisanson Dola Dole Cracouia Cracow Posnania Posne Vilna The wilde Mons regius Koningsperg Praga Prage Olmutium Olmuts Toletum Toledo Hispalis Siuille Valentia  Granatum Granada Compostella S. Iago Vallis Oletana alias Pintia Valladolit Complutum Complute called of the Spaniards Alcala de Henares Salmantica Salamanca Lerida Ilerda Osca Huesca Vlissipona Lisbone Combra  Maiorica  Oxonium Oxforde Cantabrigia Cambridge Aberdonium Aberdone S. Andraeae S. Andrews THE VNIVERSITIES of Germanie Colen IT was in times passed an order vsed by most worthy excellent princes and best gouerned commonweales when they had conquered any forraine region to send into that place dwellers and inhabitants which people were then called Colonies Whereby occasion was giuen for new townes to be builded their countries conquered to be more assured to the conquerors thereof The Romaines a people excelling in all kinds of policie and discipline obseruing this order when they had placed their victorious ensignes in Germanie that they might with greater securitie defend and keepe the same which with great trauaile they had atchieued placed one of these Colonies on the banke of the riuer Rhenus neere to the ruines of an auncient Citie called Vbiopolis erected by the Vbij a nation inhabiting those territories long before our Sauiours natiuitie Whence it came to passe that the antique name of that Citie being quite forgotten and extinguished it was by reason of the Colonie therein remaining euer after called Colonia In processe of time about the yeare from the first creation of the world 4028. Agrippa the sonne in law of Augustus being by the Romains sent to gouerne those countries augmented reedified and fortified the same adding to the former name thereof Agrippina The inhabitants of this Citie were first conuerted vnto Christian religion by S. Materne the disciple of S. Peter After whose time although Theology was in Colen continually professed as writeth Wolphelme Abbot of Bruuiller yet was it taught rather in cloysters monasteries then in any publike schoole or place authorized for the same The Vniuersitie was instituted by Pope Vrbane the sixt at the instance of the senate and people of Colen in the yeare of our Sauiours incarnation 1388. This Bishop for the great loue and singular affection hee did beare to this flourishing commonwealth ancient Colonie of the Romains did not onely giue them full power and authoritie to conferre all degrees of scholasticall honour to the studentes therein but also confirmed vnto them by a publique charter the priuiledges of Paris This Academie consisteth now of foure parts of faculties that is to say Diuinitie Law Phisicke Philosophie Vnder Philosophie are contained the Mathematikes Poettie and profession of Languages Out of each of these faculties quarterly is chosen a Rector of the Vniuersitie On the euen of our Ladies annunciation as the Friers Carmelites on Saint Peter and Paules euen at the Praedicants on the vigile of S. Dionise at the Minorites on the vigile of S. Thomas the Apostle at the Augustine Fryers The office of this Rector is to assemble together the whole congregation of students to propound such thinges as are amongst them in the conuocation to be considered of by the common councell consent of all the graduates to establish and ratifie decrees to execute law and iustice to maintaine their priuiledges and his Rectorship expired by some publike testimonie of his learning to adorne the Vniuersity Beside many excellent places of exercise for Diuinitie Law Phisicke there are three publike schools wherein Humanitie and Philosophie with the other liberal sciences are of learned men learnedly professed and deliuered The first founder thereof Gerardus de monte is called Montanum The second from Laurence of Groning the first regent Laurentianum The fellowes and schollers of this Colledge follow the doctrine of Albertus Magnus and are named by the other students Albertists like
as those of the other Colledge are called Thomists for religiously obseruing the doctrine of Saint Thomas of Aquine The third Colledge in times passed was called Cucanum but is now named Nouum Coronarum gymnasium wherein the Iesuites are placed The Artists haue also a godly Colledge in S. Gereons streete called Rubra Porta There is also in Colen another faire well adorned Colledge called Schola trilinguis wherein the three sacred tongues Hebrew Greeke Latine together with the artes Rhetorique and the Mathematikes are taught with great industrie and elegancie Three things there are in Colin whereby the Citie is especially beautified namely the Senate the Clergie and the Vniuersitie The Senate of this place for grauitie opâ—lencie and maiestie farre surmounteth all other Cities in the world In no place of Christendome may be found a better adorned or more flourishing estate of Clergie men whether you consider their nobility of birth their profoundnes in learning their pietie in manners or their opulence and aboundant riches In the Cathedrall Church a place most sumptuous magnificent are enshrined the bodies of the three Kings which by the direction of a star were led from out the East to Bethleem where they did worship adore our sauiour immediatly after his hatiuity Therein also are reserued the reliques of 11000. virgines which for the constant confession of their faith did in the time of persecution suffer martyrdome Besides this place there are other Collegiat Churches of Canons There are moreouer 19. parish Churches besides many Cloisters Monasteries and Nunneries The Archbishop of Colen is a Prince elector of the Romaine Empire Chancelor of Italie Duke of Westphalia and Angaria which Sea since the reuolt of Truchses late Archbishop thereof hath beene gouerned by Ernestus Duke of Bauaria and Palatine of Rhene which Prelate by reason of the amplenes and great circuite of his diocesse being himselfe not able to discharge all matters belonging to his function hee hath his Vicar or Suffragane the Bishop of Gyâ—ene Many intestine seditions and ciuill discordes did long hinder the prosperitie of this famous citie As for example in the yeare 1074. the Bishop vsurping in the cittie too much secular authoritie seemed to diminish abrogate the libertie of the citizens wherefore they betaking themselues to armes expulsed him thence and recouered their libertie Which indignitie the Bishop desirous to reuenge gathered immediately a puissant armie of countrey pesants in the territories adioyning thereunto and set forth vpon the citizens vnawares who suspecting no such thing were suddenly surprised and their citie miserably ransacked After in the yeare 1236. Engelbertus Archbishop of Colen exercised the censure of the church against a certaine Earle called Frederike for many wrongs and violences by him offered to the clergie which Earle being enflamed with the desire of some bitter reuenge one day as the Bishop came into the countrey to consecrate a certaine church he with many of his followers armed set vpon him and with 28. mortall wounds murdered him in the place For which impious murther Henry his successor tooke of this Earle a most sharpe and bloudy reuenge for raysing a great power he made vpon him fierce and cruell warre ouerthrew his holds and fortresses and in fine tooke his person which he carried prisoner to Colen and there put him to a most shamefull death breaking all his bones a sunder and casting his dead carkase on a wheele there to bee deuoured by the fowles of the aire The brothers of this Earle ceased not to vse the vttermost of their endeuours in reuenge of their brothers death This hatred and enmitie continued betweene the elergie and 〈◊〉 implacable vntill the time of 〈◊〉 their Archbishoppe who entreated of the Emperour the restitution of the citie which if the citizens would denie he desired they might bring the keyes thereof two miles from the towne where hee would bee contented to make triall of his title by dint of sword Which condition the townes men willingly accepting brought the keyes thereof in a wagon to a little village called Woringen where by their prowesse and manhood they recouered quiet possession of this Citie which vnto this day is free and gouerned by the Senate In Colen as we reade was held a councell about the yeare 34â— vnder Constantius the Emperour and Pope Iulius against Euphrata an Arrian heretike who denied the diuinitie of Christ. There were in this councell twentie holy and learned Bishops and fathers among whom was S. Seruatius by whose sentence iudgement the said heretike Euphrata was condemned and depriued of his bishopricke which was afterward giuen to S. Seuerine Basile BAsile is a mightie cittie of great note fame situated on both sides of the Rhene which maketh therof as it were two seueral townes the one lying in a valley betweene two hils is watered with a little brooke called Byrseca and is named great Basile the other called little Basile lyeth on the South side of the riuer in a plaine champion Concerning the originall thereof some are of opinion that it was first builded in the yeare after Christ 382. during the raignes of the Emperours Gratian and Valentinian But Annianus Marcellinus who seruing vnder Iulian the Apostata in his warres wrote with great diligence whatsoeuer hee saw and obserued proueth this to be a meere imagination of men for in his 30. booke of histories he maketh mention of a certaine fortresse erected by Gratian against the Germaines not farre from Basile Whereby it may appeare that in Germany was a cittie so called before Gratians time Concerning the name thereof some write but without either proof or authoritie that it was deriued from a Basiliske which haunting the woods deserts thereabout did much annoy the countrey before the citie was there erected Other imagine that it was first called Passell from the passages that were in that place ouer the Rhene But Annianus Marcellinus plainely sheweth the name thereof to be deriued from the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth a kingdome because it is in deed a royall citie seated in a princely place Some affirme that Panthalus was the first Bishop of Basile about the same time that the 11000. virgines suffered martyrdome but of the truth of this history many doubt For certaine wee find that in the yeare 740. in the time of Pipin father to Charles the great Walanus was possessed of this bishopricke In the yeare 897. was this cittie by the Hunnes vtterly destroyed at what time they passed with a puissant armie through Almaigne into Burgundie and Fraunce it was againe restored by Henrie the holy Emperour of the Romaines who also reedified the cathedrall Church and gaue vnto the same goodly tenements and possessions Although concerning the erection of this vniuersitie as for the most parte of all others historiographers doe among themselues exceedingly disagree yet in
Moone whereupon the Turke diuerted his ordinance from thence the Citizens kept their word In this Citty are yet to be seene the ancient ruines of a goodly Basilique erected by Charles the great in honour of S. Peter Henry the first Duke of Austria founded herein an Abby to the vse of the Scottes Richard the first surnamed Ceur de Lyon king of England being by Lupoldus Duke of Austria taken prisoner about the yeare 1192. in a small village neere to Vienna called Erdpurge as he returned from the holy land was enforced by the sayde Duke if their owne Chronicles be true to enuiron this cittie with a new wall which included the former About that time also was therin an Empory for marchāts constituted wherby the citizens increasing dayly in wealth obtayned of the Emperour Fredericke the 2. liberty and were adorned with the emperiall Armes and numbred among the free towns of the Empire THE VNIVERSITIES of the Low Countries Louaine LOuaine one of the fower townes of the Marquisate of the sacred Empire is the principall and mother of all the townes in Brabant and maketh the first member of the third estate of that Prouince It is builded in figure round contayning fower miles compas within the walles and sixe in circumference without among many other beautifull and sumptuous aedifices therein the church of S. Peter and the publike pallace are wrought with greatest magnificence and most curious arte It was called Louaine as some say from the Dutch word Louen which signifyeth to praise or honor because the Idoll Mars was there helde in time of Paganisme in great honor and estimation This towne is situated neare to the riuer Dele the houses and streetes thereof are not closely compacted together but wide open and scatteringly builte by which meanes there are within the same many fayre gardens valleis mountaines medowes springes and vines the land about this towne is pleasant and fruitefull and the ayre temperate for which cause our auncesters not without great iudgement and discretion chose out this place as most fitte for the habitation of the Muses We finde written in the Chronicles of Colen that Iohn Duke of Brabant obtayned of Pope Martin the fift the approbation of an Vniuersitie in this Cittie that letters and good discipline beganne there publikely to be taught about the yeare 1426. Afterwards Pope Eugenius the 6 licensed therein the profession of Theologie This Academy in processe of time by the bounty and magnificence of Popes Emperours Kinges Cardinals and Bishops whereof some graunted thereto ample priueledges and prerogatiues some erected therein stately and magnificent Colledges others bequethed to the same for the vse of the students goodly landes and legacies is now growne to that higth of glory and celebrity that it worthily hath vsurped the name of a most flourishing Academy and renowned Empery of learning Iohannes Goropius affirmeth that no Vniuersity of Italy France or Germany may with this bee compared for pleasant ayre and delectable walkes And that although Salamanca in Spaine farre excelleth all other Christian Academies in magnificent and sumptuously builded Colledges yet it is farre inferior to Loucine for the delightsome and beautifull situation thereof Pope Adrian the 6. erected in Louaine whereof himselfe had beene Rector and Chancelor a goodly colledge for studentes and professors of Diuinity Charles the fift Emperour of Germany and Philip the second king of Spaine did extend the vttermost of their endeuors to encrease amplifie and a dorne this royall Vniuersity In it are for the vse of the studentes 20 Colledges the principall whereof are fiue Lilium Castrum Porcus Falco Trilingue This Cittie is the first that receiueth and giueth oath to the Prince It was sometimes an Eatledome but in the yeare 1247. Henry the second of that name Earle of Louaine deceasing Henry his successor vsurped the title of Duke of Brabant Douay DOuay is a good and strong town in Flanders Gallicant one mile distant from Cambray It was founded as some write by one Arcanalkus in the yeare of our Lorde 500. it is now a Chasteleny hauing iurisdiction ouer a good country and a great number of villages it is accommodated with many fountaines and adorned with many fayre sumptuous aedifices the manner and forme of building therein is an inuincible argument of the great antiquitie thereof In this Cittie not long since was erected a famous Vniuersitie by Philip late king of Spaine and authorised with the priuiledges of Louaine where Theologie Philosophy and the inferior artes are learnedly professed At Douay is a staple of corne brought thether out of sondry regions wherof as also of diuerse other marchandizes in this cittie is great traffique Leige LEige is a citty fayre and large comprehending within the walles thereof many hils vallies riuers and vine groundes which Philip de Comines Lorde of Argenton accounteth to containe in circuite foure Italian miles and maketh it in circumference equall with Rouen It is situated on the side of the riuer Mouse which entreth into it with 2 branches and maketh therein many pleasant Isles all which are frequented and enhabited Many other little riuers passing through this towne doe clense the streetes thereof namely the Leige from which riuer the cittie is thought to haue receiued her name Also three litle brookes Vte Vese Ambluar all three replenished with exceeding store of excelēt fish especialy Vte wherin are taken certaine delicate fishes named by the inhabitants Vtins these people speake a kinde of barbarous French and are of the Frenchmen called Ligeois of the Germans Lutticherne and Luicknarren Leige is a cittie imperiall but their tenure is onely to furnish the Emperour with some few men at armes in his wars against the Turke The Bishop thereof is Lord spirituall both of the towne and countrie but the people haue so large priueledges that they liue almost in perfect liberty and freedome Their appeales spirituall go to Collen The Archbishop thereof is their Primate and from thence to Rome Their temporall appeales goe to the Emperiall chamber at Spire In this Citie flourished in times passed a most famous and renowned Academie wherein as Hubert Thomas writeth were studentes at one time the children of 9. kings 24. Dukes 29. Earles besides the sons of many Barons and gentlemen This worthy vniuersitie by the iniurie of time often subuersion of the citie it is at this day decaied and almost vtterly extinguished onely some triuiall schooles for the institution of youth in the inferior studies are there remayning In this cittie are 8. collegiall Churches the Canons whereof are inestimable rich and held of the citizens in great reuerence and reputation especially the Canons of the Collegiall Church of S. Lambert the patron of the towne who are ioyned with the Bishop in gouernment of the state and haue so great libertie that they may at pleasure giue ouer their places and marrie before they haue taken the
the French king besieged before hee was taken prisoner by Charles the Emperour for Arnolde Ferronus writeth in his seuenth booke of French histories how Anthonius Leua being by Charles the fifte appointed Captaine and gouernour of Pauia he conuerted vnto his owne vse euen the siluer maces which vsually were accustomed to bee borne before the Rector or President of the Vniuersity the better to giue his souldiers paye Also a goodly Library which as Iason sayeth was placed in the Castell was then much perished notwithstanding afterwarde by the singular bounty and liberality of the Bishops of Rome and other princes it was againe repayred and restored Pope Pius the 4 â—ounded herein a fayre and sumptuous colledge Bernardus Saccus affirmeth the ayre about Pauia to bee pure and piercing whereby the wittes of schollers are sharpened and excited to the desire of studie He sayeth moreouer that the first teacher and professor of Christianisme therein was Syrus of Aquilegia In those dayes that Saint Peter did teach at Rome whose doctrine because euen vntill this daye they haue with greate constancie kept and mantayned it was decreed that this Cittie shoulde no more bee called by her auncient name Ticinum from the riuer passing by it but Papia quasi piorum virorum patria Turin TVrin a Cittie of Piemonte was as writeth Caelius Secundus who was therein borne in former ages called Augusta Taâ—rinorum because it was the heade Cittie or Metropolis of the Nation and people so called who by Iulius Caesars gifte were made free Denizons of the citty of Rome This Cittie was by the Gothes ruinated and ouerthrowne and afterwarde againe reedified though not of so greate circumference as before it was yet in better for me and fashion It taketh name from the riuer Duria which runneth through the same It is situated in a smooth playne hauing on the east side thereof a mile distant from the town the riuer Poe on the North and West the Alpes on the South a fertile champion contayning fiue miles in bredth In this cittie was wont to bee helde the courte and residence of the princes together with the whole councell of Riemont It was afterwarde by the Pope graced with the title of an Archbishopricke A goodly Vniuersity was here instituted by the Dukes of Sauoy which excelled all other Italian Academies for their exquisite perfection in Tipography or the arte of Printing Erasmus Roterodamâ—s did in this Vniuersity proceede Doctor of Diuinity where hee after became a publike professor of the same For the possession of this place was fought between the Emperour Charles the fift and the king of France in the yeare 1544. that fierce and bloudy battell wherin of the Emperours side 12000. or as some write 13000. souldiers were put to the sword Florence FLorence is a strong and beautifull cittie in Hetruria sited in a play n betwixt the foot of a mountaine and the riuer Arno It was first begunne by the people of Fiesole enlarged afterwardes by the Romaine Colonies It had then to name Armina and from whence this name of Florence should bee deriued diuers men doe diuersly hold opinion Some suppose it to bee so called from Florino one of the chiefe of the Colonie Others will not consent that it was called Florentia at the beginning but Fluentia because of the riuer Arno flowing neere the walles thereof and they alledge the authoritie of Plâ—â—â—â— where he saith that the people Fluentini be neere vnto Arno which may be false saith Machiauel the Florentine because Plinie maketh mention where the Florentines were seated not how they were called and that word Fluentum must needes be corrupted because Frontinus and Cornelius Tacâ—tus who wrote almost in the time of Plinic doe call the Towne Florentia and the people Florentini saying that long since in the time of Tiberius they were gouerned according to the custome of other citties in Italie Cornelius also reporteth that the Florentines had sent Embassadors vnto the Emperour praying that the waters of the Chiane might not descend vppon their countrey It seemeth not then to stand with reason that the citie should at one time haue two names It is therefore most credible that it was alwaies called Florentia For what cause soeuer it was so named or for what cause soeuer it had the beginning most sure it is that vnder the Empire of Rome it had the first foundation in the raigne of the first Emperors writers did make mention thereof Long time it continued base and obscure not being able to doe any thing worthy of memorie for the authoritie of them vnto whome they were subiect but being at length wearie of that yoke in the yeare 1010. on the day of Saint Romulus a solemne feast with the Fiesolan they surprised Fiesole demolished the same Afterward all Italie being deuided into open factions betweene the Popes and Emperors they alwaies held on the strongest side by which meanes Florence being now much enlarged well replenished with buildings men other things necessary for ciuill life began to bee numbred among the principall Citties of Italie And had no question growen to as much celebritie as any cittie of Europe had not the ciuil discords and intestine factions of the cittizens hindered her greatnesse But so exceedingly was it alwaies pestered with mutuall dissentions that it neuer could attaine vnto any height of glory vntill Cosmio de Medices obtained the principalitie thereof reduced it from an Aristocraticall gouernment to a Monarchie Who hauing passed in the beginning of his greatnesse many troubles and calamities after hee had exceeded fortie yeares of his age liued most happily in so much as not onely they which ioyned with him in publique actions but all other men also that managed his treasure in euery place of Europe did participate of his felicitie and euery man depending vpon his counsell and fortune became wealthie He was the most esteemed and most famous citizen being no man of warre that euer had beene in the memorie of man eyther in Florence or any other cittie because he did not onely excell all others of his time in authoritie and riches but also in liberalitie and wisedome For amongst other qualities which aduanced him to be chiefe of his Countrey he was more then other men bountifull and magnificent His chiefest care and endeuour was to preserue adorne and beautifie this Cittie For which cause hee builded and erected in the same many sumptuous edifices He builded the Abbeyes and Temples of Saint Marke Saint Laurence and the Monasterie of Saint Veridiana and in the mountaines of Fiesole Saint Gerrolano with the Abbey thereto belonging Also in Mugello hee did not onely repaire the Church for the Fryers but tooke it downe and builded it a new Besides those magnificent buildinges in Saint Croce in Saint Agnoli and in Saint Miniato hee made Altars and sumptuous Chappelles besides the building of them were by him paued
the toppe of all felicitie was in one day consumed with fire and became vnto beholders a most miserable dolefull spectacle of ruine and desolation of which Seneca in a certaine consolatorie Epistle of his to Liberalis a cittizen of Lions writeth as followeth Vnius noctis incendium totum strauit vrbem vt vna scilicet nox interfuerit inter vrbem maximam nullam tant a fuit incendij vis celeritas In this cittie flourished an Academie of great fame and celebritie which hath sent forth into the worlde many excellent men renowned for their great learning holinesse of life as Irenius and Eucherius both Archbishops of Lions and Primates and Metropolitanes of Fraunce which dignitie belongeth vnto this Cittie though in the yeare 1306. the Archbishop alienated from himselfe the gouernment thereof receiuing for the same a yearely pension or annuitie We reade of most barbarous and tirannicall cruelties exercised on the professors of the Christian faith in this Cittie during the raigne of Marcus Antonius the Romaine Emperour in the yeare of our saluation 175. in which persecution dyed 19000. Martyrs Angiers ANiou in times past an Earledome and in the yeare 1350. enobled with the title of a Dukedome is a Region in Fraunce of no great circumference but full of goodly riuers forrests and mountaines therefore for aboundance and fertilitie not inferior to any countrey neere thereunto It is confined on the East side thereof with Tourraine and Vendosme on the West with Britannie on the South with Poictou and on the North with the Earledomes of Maine Laualle the Metropolis of this Dukedome is an ancient citie called by Ptolomey Iuliomagus now named of the Angeuines Angiers A publike vniuersitie was in this cittie instituted and erected by Lewes the 2. about that time that Rupertus Phaltsgraue of Rheine founded Heilderberge in Germany which was about the yeare 1346. Others will haue it to be founded in the yeare 1362. at which time Casimere erected Cracow in Polonia Henry Valoise Duke of Aniou brother to King Charles the 9. not long since with much industrious care laboured to augment restore the same the which good worke that he the better might performe hee with great munificence inuited thither sundry excellently learned schollers among the which was Frauncis Baldewin who therein to his eternall praise and euerlasting memory did establish the profession of the Ciuill law Of this city Dukedome in our country chronicles is often mention made as of a territorie which long was annexed to the English crowne and alienated by King Henry the 6. in the 22. yeare of his raigne in the yeare of our Lord 1444. at the mariage solemnized betweene him and Margaret daughter to Reyner King of Sicily and Hierusalem Auignion AVignion is an ancient cittie of Prouuence situated on the banke of Rhodanus wherein is an Vniuersitie of long continuance which then began first to flourish and be famous in other nations when the Bishops of Rome were therein resident We reade in the histories of the Church that Pope Iohn the 22. transferred the seate Apostolique from Rome vnto this citie after whom it remained there 74. yeares or thereabout Likewise we reade that after the decease of Benedictus the 11. when Clement the sift was declared Pope in the yeare 1305. the Apostolike seat was againe translated from Rome to Auignion and from thence afterward in the yeare 1376. returned againe to Rome at the instance and entreatie of Saint Katharine Nunne of Sitnna The cittie and church of Auignion are at this day immediately subiected to the Popes or Bishoppes of Rome who first became Lordes thereof by meanes of a certain Neapolitane Queene who being indebted to the church of Rome resigned this cittie to the Bishops thereof and his successors for euer Paulus Castrensis by sundrie learned works he wrote did much enable this Vniuersitie Andraeas Alciatus comming into Fraunce was hired as himselfe in an oration he made to the schollers of Pauia confesseth for 600. crownes to be a publike reader in this Vniuersitie Orleance ORleance is a rich and plentifull Cittie placed on the banke of the riuer Ligeris now called Loire Some auncient Hystoriographers write that the foundation of this Cittie was laide by Aurelian the Emperour in the yeare 276. and from him was called Aurelia which name vnto this day it retaineth In this Cittie was erected an vniuersitie by Philip le Beau King of France in the yeare from our Sauiours natiuitie 1312. wherein the ciuill Law is with such learning and admiration professed that this Academie hath beene often of graue and learned writers entituled the Nurse or Mother thereof It enioyeth the same priuiledges with Thoulouse This citie among many other hath not escaped the taste of those miserable calamities inflicted vppon Fraunce by the furie of the late ciuill warres Bourges BOurges is a citie in Fraunce of great same rich spatious and much frequented It is seated in a pleasant and fruitfull countrey replenished with all kind of graine hearbes wines beastes fishes and fowles and whatsoeuer els is necessary for the vse of man Concerning the first originall of this citie and the etimologie of the worde Bituriges there are sundrie strange opinions Ioannes Callamaeus in his treatise de origine Biturigum saith that in the yeare from the begining of the world 1791. the foundation of this citie was laide by one Gomer descended from Noah who in honor remembrance of his great grandfather called the inhabitants of that countrey Ogyges But as it often commeth to passe that words by long continuance and custome are corrupted from Bytogyges they were called Bituriges Others there are that say it was called Byturis quasi Biturris from two ancient towers which they affirme to haue beene in this citie erected by two brethren which there together raigned one of which towers if we giue credite to antiquitie is that which remaineth yet to bee seene built in forme round of a great circuite without within of a huge capacitie and is made at this day a castle of most inuincible strength To confirme this opinion they recite an old verse of an ancient Grammarian Turribus à binis inde vocor Bituris In this cittie is a most glorious resplendishing vniuersitie an other Pernassus a place of such fame and excellencie and of all learned authors so much admired that whensoeuer they haue occasion to write thereof they call it the ornament of letters habitation of the Muses It was many yeares since founded by a certaine Duke of Burges but after in continuance of time falling to decay and being almost vtterly extinct it was againe restored and brought vnto his former glorie perfection by sundry kings of France It was authorized and endued with many great priuiledges and high prerogatiues by Pope Paulus the 2. of that name In this Academie is a Diuinitie Schoole wherein Theologie is
decease hee was by his mother Drahomitia and his brother Boleslaus inuited to a banket where on the sodaine hee was by them most impiously murthered His bodie being afterwarde conueâ—ed to Prage there to bee enterred in a carte drawen with sixe Oxen which cart passing through the market place of the lesser Towne the Oxen could not by any meanes bee enforced to passe beyond a little round Tower wherein were imprisoned many capitall offenders vntill all the said prisoners were set at libertie Wherevpon this prison was presently conuerted to a chappell wherein once a yeare in memory of the Saint diuine seruice is wont to be celebrated In this cittie was borne Charles the great Emperour of the Romaines and King of Bohemia who therefore vsing all his endeuors to beautifie and adorne the same in the yeare of grace 1360. erected there an Vniuersitie Martin Cromer in the 12. booke of his Polonian historie affirmeth that when Cazimier King of Polonia founded the Academie of Cracouia in the yeare 1361. Prage was then a knowne vniuersitie This schoole by reason of the accesse of the Germains thither grew to bee exceedingly frequented and so flourished vntil the springing vp of Wicklisse who amongst them being fauoured of the Bohemians made his partie so strong that aboue 2000. Germaines were in one day constrained to depart to Lipsike three daies iourney fioÌ„ thence where they obtained licence priuiledges for an vniuersity Not long after Wickliffe arose amongst them Hierome of Prage and Iohn Hus so named from a little village wherein he was borne called Hus which in the Bohemian language signifieth a Goose they were after condemned for Heretickes by the counsell of Constance and in that cittie openly burned Their errors you may reade in Munster fol. Sor. After these schismes and sectes among them the vniuersitie dayly more and more decayed and was almost vtterly extinguished had it not by the liberality of Ferdinand the first and Maximilian the 2. Emperours who are there in the cathedâ—all church both enterred been againe raised and restored There is now a goodly colledge newly builded not far from the cast end of the bridge containing 3. churches though of no great capacity yet exceeding beautiful the one for Bohemians the other for Germains the 3. for Italians In this colledge are by the Iesuits lernedly professed Theologie the other inferior artes The 4. and last towne contained in this citie is that of the Iewes who within themselues haue their peculiar lawes and liberties they haue 5. sinagogues therein in the which they celebrate their sabbathes The Bishopricke of Prage did many yeares sithence belong to the Archbishop of Mentz but after it was by Charles the great separated and raised to the degree of an Archbishopricke Neere vnto the Cathedrall church Milada sister to Boleslaus the 4. Christian Duke of Bohemia by the permission authoritie of the Pope builded S. George his church and adioyned thereunto a Nunnerie wherein she her selfe became a votarie As well in this cittie as neere about in the bordering regions are to be seene the ruines of many goodly monasteries ouerthrowne by Ziska because a Monk of S. August order rauished his sister whose portrayture I haue often seene at Prage with this subscription Iohannes Ziska superbiae auaritiae clericoruÌ„ seuer us vltor Olmuts OLmuts is a faire and ample cittie in Morauia a Dukedome whilome free now annexed to the Crowne of Bohemia In the yeare nine hundred Zuantocopius Prince thereof had vnder his dominion Polonia Silesia and Bohemia who moued with the greatnesse of his power to an intollerable pride denyed the tributes which he was accustomed to pay vnto Lewes the Emperour vpon which occasion offered the said Emperor inuaded his dominion with fire and sworde but finding greater resistance then heeexpected hee was constrained to call the Turke to his aide by whose assistance the Morauites were easily vanquished and the race of Zuartocopius vtterly extinguished About these times came Gyrullus the Apostle of the Sclauonians into this countrie accompanied with Melodius who first layed there the foundation of Christian religion and crected a cathedrall church in Tielagrade which since was transferred to this cittie Olmuts The people and inhabitantes of this cittie entertaine strangers with incredible humanity of which I my self had good experience at my being among theÌ„ The language as well of the countrie people as of the citizens is a kind of corrupt and barbarous Dutch The ayre is healthy and the land very fruitfull I imagine the Vniuersity therein not to haue been of any long continuance because I doe not remember that I euer haue reade or heardany mention made of the same in any antique author it seemeth therefore to haue bin erected lately since the comming thether of the Iesuites for whome there was builded a magnificent and sumptuous Colledge at the Popes charges for the resorming of Lutheranisme in those territories generally professed The Monastery of the prouince like as we saide of Bohemia were all by Zusca defaced and ruinated THE VNIVERSITIES of Spaine Toledo CArpetana regio now called the kingdome of Toledo lyeth in the hearte and center of Spaine the Metropolis where of is Toledo froÌ„ whence the whole kingdom hath taken his name This Cittie is situated on the banke of the riuer Tagus now known by the name of Tay. It was recouered from the Saracens in the yeare of our Lord 1216. by Ferdinand the third who caused them to fiie to Granada and Malaga where they remayned vntill the yeare 1480. aboute which time Ferdinande king of Spaine grandfather to Charles the fift by the mothers side beganne to make fierce and cruell warres vppon them by the vertue of which valiant and renowned Prince their name was in Spaine vtterlie extinguished This is a citty beautified with many pallaces of rare and excellent architecture fenced about and munited with an hundred and fifty towers the concourse of people hether is exceeding great it hath continually within the walles many troupes of horsemen for defence a great parte of the Nobility of Spaine for pleasure and an infinite multitude of Marchantes as well forraine as inhabitantes for traffique and commoditie It is also enriched with great store of venerable and learned men and adorned with the profession of all attes and sciences aswell Mechanicall as liberall In this Cittie was the Vniuersity first erected by a certaine Bishoppe of the same Sea and was afterward confirmed by the priuiledges and praerogatiues of many Popes and kinges of Spaine The chiefe sciences therein professed are the Canon and ciuill law which are there taught with so exquisite diligence and learning that whosoeuer shall remaine but some few monethes among them if hee bee not altogether stupide and voide of capacity hee cannot chuse but returne much amended in knowledge and learning In this Vniuersity was S. Alphonsus a student of Diuinity who
my opinion all doubtes touching this matter ought to be decided and all dissention taken away by this onely Epistle of Enaeas Siluius called afterward Pope Pius the second which in his owne words I haue here cited as followeth Dudum dum nos minor status haber et per multorum annorum curricula quibus grato incolatu in inclyta ciuitate Basiliensi potiti fuimus per euidentiam cognouimus quòd ciuitas ipsa vberrima ac inpartibus illis salubritate aeris ex quibuslibet vtilitatibus praeelecta nec non ad multiplicanda doctrinae semina germinaque falubria producenda apta accommoda existeret Propterea nos postquam ad summi apostolatus apicem prouecti sumus desiderantes ciuitatem praedictam ac illi adiacentem patriam diuini muneris largitate concessa inextinguibili sapientiae lumine illustrari easque sanis peritorum consiliis et maturitate fulciri generale studium in eadem ciuitate statuimus et ordinauimus inchoandum et tam in sacrapagina et vtroque ture quà m alia quauis licita facultate perpetuis temporibus vigere Datum Mantuae anno Dominicae incarnationis 1459. pridie Kalendarum Ianuarii Pontificatus nostri anno secundo In the yeare 1431. was a generall councell held in Basill vnder Pope Eugenius and Sigismunde the Emperour which was before summoned by Pope Martin the fifte for the extirpation of the Hussites and their heresies The bodie of Erasmus Roterodamus is vnto this citie no smal ornament who deceasing the yeare 1536. was there enterred Ments MEnts is a Citie of so great antiquitie that I cannot in any Chronicle or Antiquarie find any thing which I dare set downe for truth concerning the first foundation and originall thereof It is situated in a fruitful delectable countrey where the Moene descending out of Franconia falleth into the Rhene On which riuer there is no one citie bordering that hath so many monuments of antiquitie as Ments Among other things the huge Colossus of stone therein is most remarkable which was erected by Drusus sonne in law to Augustus Caesar waging war in Germanie and is called of the inhabitants Echelsteine from the forme and figure thereof which much resembleth an Acorne Charles the great in the yeare of grace 813. built in this place a mightie bridge of wood ouer the Rhene a thing so chargeable and difficult that it scarcely was in tenne yeares space with incredible labour and industrie brought to perfection which costly and laborious worke was not long after in three houres so consumed with fire that there remained not one pile thereof to be seene aboue the waters In the yeare 410. Carocus king of the Wandales hearkening to the detestable counsell of his damned mother razed to the ground many of the most noble citties in Germany among the which were Ments Spire Trier and Wormes for which impious fact not long after falling into the hands of his enemies the Frenchmen he suffered deserued punishment In former ages the Emperours of Germany constituted therein seuen Archbishoprickes whereof the first was Ments the 2. Collen the 3. Trier the 4. Magdeburge the 5. Saltspurge the 6. Breme and the last Riga in Leâ—fland The first Bishop of Ments is said to bee S. Crescentius a hearer and scholler of S. Paules In the time of Ruthardus the 14. Archbishop of this Cittie Dagobertus king of France did reedifie and fortifie this cittie ouerthrowne and laide waste by Attilas The 17. Archbishop of this place was S. Boniface an Englishman who gouerned that sea 35. yeares instructing the Germanes in Christian religion who was afterward martired in Friseland The 32. Archbishop thereof was Hatto who for causing certaine poore and innocent men to bee burned was by the iust iudgement of God prosecuted by a multitude of Rattes with such violence that hee at last was constrained to build in the middest of the Rheine a tower of stone whither he fledde thinking there to liue safe from the furie of these vermine which so continually haunted him but neither were those walles of sufficient strength to keepe them out neither could the violent course of waters betwixt him and the land asswage their fury wherefore in fine about the yeare 9â—9 he was by them deuoured The 34. Archbishop was Willigisus a Saxon borne and counsellor to the Emperour Otho the second This Bishoppe was alwaies wont to haue in his oratorie a painted wheele with this Motto or inscription Willigise memineris quid sis quid olim fueris which wheele was after giuen to the Archbishop of that sea for their armes by the Emperour Henry the second This Prelate built the faire and sumptuous Temple of S. Stephen wherein about the yeare 1011. himselfe was buried He was also the first of the Archbishops of Ments that aspired to the Electorship of the Empire Since whom his successors haue alwaies retained the place and dignity of the chief principall of the 7. Electors and are vntill this day high Chauncellors of Germanie Dietherus of Eisenburge was the 68. Archbishop of Ments chosen by the greatest parte of the Canons but against him was erected by Pope Pius Adolph Earle of Nassau from which schisme and intestine discord proceeded a ciuill warre whereby the Church of that place suffered irreparable losse and damages In fine Adolph obtained the possession gouerned thirteene yeares after whose decease Dietherus was restored and sate seuen yeares in which time he newly builded the castle from the ground By this Archbishop was the vniuersity first instituted and erected in the yeare 1482. wherein at the first beginning all artes in generall were professed But at this day onely that doctrine which concerneth the knowledge of God and our saluation I meane Theologie is there professed by the Iesuites which lately were admitted into this cittie by the reuerend father and renowned Prince Daniell the moderne Archbishop and Elector In the yeare 1501. a decree was by the superiors of that vniuersity enacted that no man whatsoeuer shold bee permitted to receiue any scholasticall degree or dignitie that did not according to the councell of Bafill rightly belieue of our blessed Ladies conception This Citie hath deserued no small praise and commendation of all Christendome for that ingenious most necessarie art of printing therein first inuented put in practise by the famous and worthy gentleman Iohn Gutenberge in the yeare 1459. by which meanes our Christian world hath recouered the works of sundry auncient fathers which were almost readie to suffer shipwracke and preserued sundry notable histories and discourses of most singularly learned men which had otherwise to the inestimable detriment of Christendome men being at this day for the most part giuen to ease and idlenes vndoubtedly beene suffered to lie hidden in eternall obscuritie In the 1118. in this cittie was held a generall councell vnto which an infinite number of Princes resorted to
I haue seene or reade of from whence also it proceedeth that the dyet or great assembly of the German princes is most vsually held in Regensburge another cittie of Bauaria one dayes iorney distant from Ingolestate wherein I my selfe liued eight weekes in the yeare of our Lorde 1594. when the Emperour with all his traine and the most parte of the greatest princes of Germany remayned in the towne many of them with three thousand and foure thousand horse apeece yet was there neuer found any want or scarsitie of victuals therein nor the price of corne or any other prouision in the market any one iot enhaunced wine onely excepted of which the country yeeldeth no great aboundance but that want is by the Rheine and Mecchar supplyed for the possession of this city was that calamitous and bloudy warre raysed remembred yet by the name of bellum Bauaricum which so much troubled all the prouinces of Germany in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and foure Erforde ERforde called of ancient writers Erphelfurt is the metropolis of Thuring an old and memorable citty abounding with wine corne and other necessaries In the middest of this cittie ariseth a little mountain called S. Peters hill wherein in times passed stood a goodly castell in the place whereof Dagobertus king of France founded a cloyster for Fryers of the order of S. Benedict which was consecrated to S. Peter after him Boniface Archbishop of Ments layed the foundation of our Ladies Church on the same hil and erected there a Bishopricke euen in the infancie of the Gospell among the Germans as plainly appeareth in an Epistle of his which he wrote to Zachary high Bishop of Rome Scias sayeth hee per gratiam Dei Germaniae populum adviam veritatis reductum ordinauimusque apud eos tres episcopos vnum locauimus in Castellum Wirtzburge alterum in Buraburge tertium in Euphesfurt In this church is a bell of most huge and incredible circumference which the Citizens shewe to all straungers repayring thether as the thinges most remarkable in their Cittie about the yeare 1066. was this Cittie first enuyroned with a Wall and fortified with Towers and beautified with manie rich and sumptuous aedifices both diuine and prophane at which time it was made the metropolis of Thuringe because it lyeth in the middest thereof An Vniuersity was therein instituted in the yeare 1391. which with many priuiledges confirmed authorized by Pope Boniface the 9. Pius the 2. In this Academy haue liued many sage men much renowned for their singular learning among the which are numbred Nicholaus de Bibera Henricus de Erfordia Conradus de monte puellarum and many others When the German professors oppressed by the multitude of Hussites departed from Prage many of them retyred themselues to Erforde There is no citty in Europe hath so often made experience of the calamities and irreparable damages which fire vsually bringeth with it as Erforde hauing many times therewithall beene vtterly wasted and consumed The last fire therein happened in the year 1392. on the festiuall day of S. Geruasius whereby the third part of the cittie perished which incredible losse it is not yet recouered of for at my being there some 5â— yeares since it was scarsely with low and slender buildinges of wood reedified Out of this Vniuersity issued Martin Luther Leiptzige Liptzige is a citty as some say in Ostland others would haue it to lye in Misina both territories now gouerned by the noble and puislant Family of Saxony thogh of no great circuite yet for pride and statelines of building and excessiue traffique of Merchants scarce inferior to the best adorned citty of Germany three times euery year are therein held certaine famous Martes or Fayres whereof one writeth saying Mercibus augetur ter Lipsia magna quotannis The houses of this citty are re ared al of free stone within richly paued and without curiously paynted with great artifice and maiestie the streetes are builded in excellent proportion and vniformitie The Senate hereof consisteth not as in other cities of mechanicall and vnlearned citizens but of men skilfull and well seene in the artes who haue full power and authority to heare decide and determine of all lites causes and controuersies depending in Meissen Thuringe and the nether Sazonie About the yeare 1480. when the Hussites began to domineere tirannize in Prage then was the vniuersitie from thence remoued hither and the yeare following confirmed by Pope Pius the 2. and Alexander the 5. It was afterward much augmented and repaired by the worthy Prince George Duke of Sazonie in the yeare 1554. This Vniuersitie at this day most exceedingly flourisheth through the innumerable multitudes of Germaine students which dayly repaire thither because they liue therein with lesse charge and expence then in any other citie by reason of the admirable fertilitie of the soyle whereof one saith Gratus immenso lucro concredita terrae Semina reddit ager The inhabitants of this Citie haue one innated vncorrigible vice which custome hath drawen into a nature amongst them that is they almost continually wallow in immoderate drunkennesse in so much that he which can euacuate the greatest number of pottes and can in receiuing his drinke hold out longest without any swimming or perturbation in his braine is accounted a personage among them of greatest qualitie and worth Enaeas Siluius writeth that when one Leonardus a noble gentleman came to visite a certaine kinsman of his that was then a student in Leipzig enquiring among students how hee had profited in learning he was answered by one of the yong mans companions that he had profited himselfe exceedingly for quoth he among 1500. good swallowers that are in this Vniuersitie he hath deserued the name and title of the best and most noble drinker Not farre distant from this place is Dresden where the Dukes of Saxonie electors of the Empire do most commonly reside Wittenberge WIttenberge is a conspicuous well knowne Citie in the vpper Saxonie the seate and court of the Dukes Electors situated on the banke of the Elbe a riuer which springing among the mountaines of Bohemia passeth through Germany receiuing into it selfe or as it were drinking vp by the way many other riuers as the Muldaue the Sall the Spre c. and at last being growne to an immeasurable greatnesse and nauigable for ships of the greatest burthen disgorgeth it selfe into the Germaine Ocean not farre from Stoad where late was a Staple of English Marchants This city receiued his name as some imagine from Wittikind Duke of Angria Saxonie which was baptized in the yeare 785. being compelled thereunto by Charles the great who first caused the Saxons to embrace the Christian religion Duke Fredericke the son of Ernestus Elector erected in this citie an Vniuersity about the yeare 1502. which since in this latter age is growen famous by reason of the controuersies and
disputations of religion there handled by Martin Luther and his adherentes the Doctors thereof are at this day the greatest propugnators of the confession of Ausburge and retaine in vse the meere Lutherane religion Many worthy writers haue in this learned seminary of the artes receiued their education as Hennigus Schurfius Clingius and Oldendorpius famous professors of the ciuill law and in our latter age Martin Luther and Phillip Melancthon there haue florished Frankford vpon Oder THere are in Germany two Frankfords both cities of great fame and worth the one lyeth in Franconia vpon the Meine well knowne to all Marchants trauellers by reason of two rich and famous Marts yearely held therein The other is situated neere to the Oder a goodly riuer passing through the Marke or dominion of the Marquesse of Brandeburge one of the seuen Electors This is that Franckford which I now intend to speake of This citie as some thinke was built and named by the Franckes about the yeare 146. at which time wee reade a nation so named to haue inhabited neere vnto the Rheine But in their owne Chronicles we find that this citie was first founded extructed by Gedinus of Hertzberge in the yeare 1253. by the commission licence of Iohn the first of that name Marquesse of Brandeburge as a storehouse for such marchandise as should be brought thither as well ouer land as vp the riuer Ioachime Marques of Brandeburge to his euerlasting praise first founded in this place an Vniuersitie in the yeare of grace 1506. and bountifully prouided for the maintenance thereof enduing the same with large reuenewes and rich possessions it was afterwarde authorised by Pope Alexander the 6. and by Pope Iulius the 2. and Maximilian the first of that name Emperour enfranchised with many priuiledges The first Chancelor thereof is said to haue beene Theodorus de Bulan the first Rector Conrade Wippina a learned Diuine and subtill Philosopher the first Deane of Artes therein created was Iohn Lindholtz In the yeare 1344. Rudolph Duke of Saxony the Bishop of Magdeburge Barnaim Duke of Pomerland and the Duke of Anhalt conspiring in armes against Lewes created Marquesse of Brandoburge by the Emperour Lewes of Bauaria his father besieged Franckford but the citizens doing homage vnto Lewes quickly caused them to dislodge and withdraw their forces The Hussites also attempting the siege therof in the yeare 1432. were in like sort repulsed so strongly fortified is their Cittie In this Citie the three tongues are with great and profound learning professed also the Ciuill law Phisicke the Mathematiques are there publikely taught with much wisedome and excellencie Rostoche ROstoche is a maritine Citie bordering on Saxonie populous and opulent the aire thereabout is pure and healthie and the land fertile from whence arise great cheapnesse and plentie of victuailes In the yeare of Christes natiuitie 1415. the Princes of Meckleburge and the citizens of Rostoche obtained licence to erect in this Citie an vniuersitie wherein the artes in generall haue euer since beene learnedly professed they are in religion partly Lutheranes partly Caluinistes Gripswalde GRipswalde is a towne in the Dukedome of Wolgaste subiected to the D. of Pomerland which by long ciuil discord impouerished is now grown obscure About the yere of our Lord 1456 liued herein a certaine learned Doctor of the Lawes which being Proconsul or Burgomaster of the towne obtained for the same many goodly priuiledges and licence to erect an Vniuersitie which being by him onely begun was perfited and enlarged by the great care and diligence of Phillip Duke of Pomerland in the yeare 1547. Friburge FRiburge is a noble and conspicuous citie at this day the Metropolis of Brisgew which Prouince belongeth to the Earles of Furstenberge It was first a little village in the yeare 1120. was walled about by Bertholdus Duke of Zeringe as by those olde rithmes appeareth Anno milleno centeno bis quoque deno Friburge fundatur Bertholdus dux dominatur There was in times past not aboue a mile distant from this towne a mine of siluer whereby the citizens were so greatly enriched that they began to adorne beautifie their citie with temples monasteries sundrie other edifices built in most pompous and magnificent manner Amongst the rest at that time was erected that costly curious Pyramis or Tower of stone vpon our Ladies Church the like whereof is not in Germany to be seene the steeple of Strasburge excepted which by the Gentiles was numbred among the miracles of the world Then did the citizens through the affluence of their wealth take vppon them the degree of nobilitie and the noble men gentlemen of the countrey sued to bee made free of that incorporation insomuch that they ordinarily had 12. knights sitting in their Senate house At that time was the Citie able to produce into the field of their owne cittizens 30000. armed men There remaine yet therein 14. religious houses besides a Temple of Croitzhiers or Knights of the crosse and an other belonging to the knightes of the Dutch order In the yeare of our Sauiour 1250. or as some write 1460. Albert Duke of Austria founded in this Citie an Academy and liberally endued the same with large reuenewes and possessions In the yeare 1467. this vniuersitie receiued many statutes and ordinances from Vienna in Austria from whence also came many great learned clerkes here publikely to professe Theologie the Lawes Ciuill Canon the other Artes. And at length the Emperour Fredericke in the yeare 1472. much augmented and encreased the same the chiefest colledge herein is that which is called â—omus sapientiae In this place is great plentie of the stones called Chalcedonij whereof they vsually make beads which being halfe blacke halfe white when they are polished resemble Ieat and Iuory glewed together They are digged out of the ground at Westrich in Lorrayne and are in this citie cut and garnished There runne through Friburge many little brooks the channels whereof are diuided into euerie streete which purge the citie of all noysomnesse and are in the winter time when all the riuers without the citie are congealed neuer frosen Neere vnto the walles hereof is a riuer replenished with sundrie kinds of fishes called Triese which springeth out of the same mountaine from whence the Danow ariseth The Danow carrying his current with great celerity toward the East and the Triese softly sliding to the West Martpurge MArtpurge is the Metropolis of Hessen vnder the Laudsgraue his dominion is situate in the middest thereof on the banke of Lon a small riuer falling into the Rheine Some are of opinion that it was so called from Mars the God of warre among the heathen Others think it receiued his name from Marcomire Prince of the Franckes An vniuersitie was in this citie instituted about the yeare 1526. which was afterward repayred and reinstituted by Philip the Landgraue in the yeare 1536. It
order of priesthood into this societie can no man be admitted that is not a gentleman or a Doctor or licentiate In this Church of Saint Lambert among diuers other rich iewels and reliques is to be seene a great image of Saint George on horsebacke all of pure gold which Charles Duke of Burgundie gaue for amendes of his rough handling this citie when he wan it by force Also in this towne are foure rich Abbeyes hauing euerie one a goodly librarie the principall whereof is the Abbey of S. Laurence there are three Nunneries and all the foure orders of Fryers some of the which haue two couentes There are 32. parish churches so many other chappels monasteries and hospitals within and without the towne that the whole number of Churches amounteth in all to one hundred Further in this citie are 32. companies which haue so great authoritie in the gouernment of the state that without their consent nothing can bee concluded or agreed on Ernestus Duke of Bauaria and Archbishop of Colen is at this day Bishop of that Sea The Bishopricke of Leige was first erected by Hubert sonne to Bertrand Duke of Aquitaine who being at Rome was made by the Pope Bishop of Maestricht in the place of Saint Lambert whome the people of Maestricht had murthered in the yeare 710. But he being come to take possession of this citie so much detested the inhabitants thereof for the foresaid impious and most haynous murther that he transported his Episcopall Sea to Liege and there built the Church of Saint Lambert and the Colledge afore mentioned all which he did with Pope Constantines consent about the yeare 713. and here at Liege he died and was after canonized for a Saint Since whome are numbred 57. Bishops of Leige The Bishop is chosen by the Chapter of S. Lambert confirmed by the people and lastly approued by the Pope He is not onely a Bishop but also a Prince of the Empire Duke of Buillon Marquesse of Francimont and Earle of Lootes and Hasbaine The reuenews of this Bishopricke are aboue 30000. Duckats by the yeare besides the beneuolence of his sâ—biectes which is a matter of no small importance if he vse them well and his spirituall iurisdiction and an infinite number of Prebends benefices and offices which he bestoweth at his pleasure Leiden LEiden is one of the sixe capitall Townes of Holland and chiefe of Rheineland situate in a flat and low countrey full of ditches and channels is beautified with many pleafant medows gardens arbors walks round about it Within it are enclosed 31. Ilands from one of the which to the other men go by boates and ouer and aboue these there are nine or ten other Ilands from the one of the which to the other bridges are built to passe ouer so that in this Towne are 145. bridges whereof 104. are of stone and the rest of wood In this Citie was erected an vniuersitie about the yeare 1564. by William late Prince of Orenge who was in the yeare 1584. suddenly slaine with a pistoll This Academie doth at this day exceedingly flourish and therein are with liberall stipendes maintained sundry learned professors of the liberall sciences In Leiden is a strong Castle which was said to bee founded by Hengist returning from the conquest of England and therein is a notable Well from whence the ancient family of Wassenar taketh name This Cittie hath vnder it 49. Boroughes and villages the most part whereof once a weeke bring all their good victuailes to sell in the towne which causeth it to abound with all thinges arising of the earth It hath also great plentie of fish both sea fish and fresh water fish and of water fowle beyonde all measure The women are excellently faire and the aire passing holsome But a little league from Leiden is the famous abbey of Reinsburge consisting of Nunnes all of noble houses the Abbesse whereof hath iurisdiction spirituall and temporall and the Abbey is endowed with so great reuenewes that euerie day aboue 2000. persons come thither to receiue reliefe Another such like Abbey of Ladies is also neere to Leiden called Terlee In all these Monasteries of Ladies and gentlewomen they may vntill they be entred into profession come forth and marrie and ordinarily they liue there many yeares before they professe themselues obseruing notwithstanding in the meane time their rules and orders very duely soberly and religiously Copenhagen in Denmarke IN the mouth or entrance of the Sounde called by Latine writers Sâ—nus Venedicus which diuideth the two kingdomes of Denmarke and Sweden lyeth an Iland named Selandia wherein are many strong townes and Castles and among the rest Coppenhagen the feare of the King and Metropolis of the Realme In this Citie was erected an vniuersitie by Christian Earle of Oldenburge in the yeare of saluation 1478. after he had gained the Regall Diademe For the which he obtained at the hands of Pope Sixtus the 4. the priuiledges of Bonònia This Academie was afterward augmented and enlarged by King Christian the third in the yeare 1498. and after him Fredericke the second in the yeare 1549. We reade that in the time of King Erec the sonne of Siwardus Anscharius Bishop of Hamburge caused the Gospell to be preached in Denmarke which the inhabitants for a short time seemed willingly to embrace but their King deceasing they againe returned as a dogge to his vomit to their infideâ—ity and Paganisme wherein they liued vntill the raigne of Swenotto father to Canutus the great so called because hee vanquished held in subiection fiue kingdomes namely Sweden Norway England Denmarke and Normandie About those times Poppo a religious man comming into the Countrey againe instructed them in the principles and rudiments of Christian religion which from that time vntill this day they haue retained The Vniuersities of Italie Rome ALllearned historiographers do with one common consent agree that Rome was so named from Romulus the sonne of Numitor Rhea Siluia who layed thereof the first foundation How the inhabitants thereof in processe of time by warlike chiualry dilated their Empire dominion ouer al the westerne world whosoeuer is desirous to know I must refer him to the learned Decades of Titus Liuius and sundry other ancient writers who haue alreadie filled the world with whole volumes of Romaine histories It being a matter of greater import then wel can be conteined in the breuitie of my vndertaken taske Wherefore although I find recorded in auncient hystories that the Romaines foreseeing the great vtilitie that would ensue by nourishing the artes receiued into their citie in the first infancie of their greatnesse with singular admiration the profession of learned sciences and that therein hath flourished a renowned Academie of long continuance erected 700. yeares before our Sauiours incarnation yet mine onely intent and purpose is to write of such patrones and benefactors as haue promoted and furthered the same and such priuiledges as haue thereunto beene graunted since it
and throughly furnished with all things necessary To these publike buildings wee may adde his priuate houses wherof one is within the Cittie meete for so great a personage foure other without at Cariaggi at Fiesole at Caffagiuolo at Trebio all pallaces fitter for princes then priuate persons and because his magnificent houses in Italie did not in his opinion make him famous enough he builded in Ierusalem a goodly Hospitall to receiue the poore and diseased pilgrims And albeit these buildinges and euery other his actions were princely and that in Florence he liued like a Prince yet hee so well demeaned and gouerned himselfe by wisedome as hee neuer exceeded the boundes of ciuill modestie Now hauing in this manner adorned the citie with costly buildings he thought he could adde thereto no greater ornament then to erect therein an vniuersitie and licence publike profession of the artes to the end that as well the citizens of Florence as inhabitantes of Hetruria by good discipline and literature might become more ciuill and lesse barbarous Wherefore he caused to be sent for vnto Florence Argyrophilus a Grecian borne and at that time in the studies of Rhetorike Philophie singularly learned to the end that the youth of Florence might by him bee instructed in the Greeke tongue and the liberall sciences He entertained also in his house Marsilius Ficinus a second father of Platonian Philosophie him he entirely loued and to the end hee might with commoditie exercise the studie of learning and more aptly vse his helpe therein he bestowed on him a certaine plotte of grounde neere to his house at Carregi This Academie being by Cosmio begunne was afterward by Laurence de Medices his sonnes sonne finished and brought to a full absolute and flourishing perfection This Laurence was a great louer of good letters highly fauouring learned men He held Marsilius Ficinus whom as we said before his grandfather had caused to come to Florence in great esteeme He nourished in his house that excellent scholler Angelus Politianus who in his youth did first make the Grecian Poet Homer speake in the Latine tongue He entertained with liberall pensions and exhibitions Demetrius Chalcondilas Picus Mirandula and sundry other admired and much renowned for their singular learning Pope Paulus the third although he dayly heard in the Romaine Academie Pomponius Laetus a man excellently learned yet was he exceedingly desirous to studie in the Florentine Vniuersitie because the Greeke and Latine tongues together with the other Artes were there professed with greatest sinceritie and profoundnesse This Prince much augmented and with great cost adorned the librarie which his grandfather Cosmio had erected neere the Temple of S. Marke from whence of late time haue beene brought to light many excellent bookes which long haue line obscured and were in no other place of Christendome to bee found as Eusebius Caesariensis againe Hierocles and the workes of Clemens Alexandrinus and others Another librarie was in this Citie erected at S. Laurence his Church by Pope Clement the seuenth This noble Mecaenas and Patrone of the Muses Laurence de Medices so famous for his singular wisedome and whose losse was long lamented of his countrey being troubled with intolerable paines of the stomack dyed in April in the yeare of our Lord 1492. in the 43. yeare of his age Pisa. PIsa is a great and goodly citie of much antiquitie in Hetruria enuironed about with high and mightie walles of marble stone which although now through the manifold iniuries of time and miserable calamities which hath beene thereon inflicted by the oppression and tyranicall vsurpation of sundrie Kinges and Princes it remaineth in the Florentines iurisdiction yet hath it in former age beene a place much renowned for warlike discipline and most feared of her neighbouring prouinces as appeareth by sundry seuerall conquestes the Pisans atchieued when by force of armes they endeuoured to enlarge propagate the bounds of their dominion In the yeare 1020. they brought Sardinia vnder their subiection hauing thrice expulsed the Sarracens from thence Likewise in the yeare 1108. they inuaded the Isles of Maiorica and Minorica from whence hauing slaine the king thereof a man wholly adicted to the law of Mahomet they returned conquerours bringing captiues home the Queene and her infant sonne which childe being by them instructed from his infancie in the principles of christian religion they afterward did reinuest with his fathers Diademe Such happie and fortunate successes in all affaires did Pisa long enioy vntill the time of Rudolphus the Emperour by whose tirannicall oppression they seemed from height of all prosperity to be deiected to an humble and inseparable estate In the yeare 1369. it was sold by Charles the Emperour to Peter Gambacurta for twelue thousande crownes Afterwardes comming from the hands of one man vnto another it was sold to Iohn Galeace Vicount of Millan Galeace solde it to the Florentines to whose proud and tirannizing gouernment the Pisans not brooking to bee subiected by a seditious rebellious attempt expulsed them recouered their pristine libertie which they not long enioyed for in short time after the Florentines againe did conquere them and made them slauishly subiect to their imperie and commaund This base and seruile condition the noblest sorte of the Pisan cittizens much repining at chose rather to bee diuorced from their natiue soyle and to liue in voluntarie exile then to bee at home commanded by those whose auncestors in times past their forefathers were accustomed to commaunde Vppon which occasion the Cittie grew to bee in manner of a voide and solitarie desart the better sorte of inhabitantes hauing all forsaken it and so continued vntill the first erection therein of the Vniuersitie the onely cause why it was againe frequented which was as Leander writeth erected about the yeare 1339. Not long after it excedingly beganne to flourish as appeareth by the many graue and reuerend Doctors which therein receiued their instruction education namely Pope Eugenius the third a religious and learned father Also Raimerus and Bartholomeus two deepe and profound schollers of the order of Fryers Predicantes whereof the one did write that egregious worke of Pantheologie the other set forth the summe of cases of conscience Learned professors in this Vniuersitie haue beene Helinus Sandaeus Franciscus Aretinus who was held to be the best read and most iudiciall ciuill Lawyer of his time Bartholus after that hee had in Bononia proceeded did in the Pisan Academie as himself confesseth publikely professe the ciuil Law Cosmio de Medices restored againe this Academy which in his time exceedingly was decayed After him Laurence his Nephewe so much adorned and augmented the same that Volaterranus in his fift booke of Geographie and Machiauell in his last booke of the Florentine historie name him as the first founder and erector thereof In this Cittie is a most magnificent and sumptuous temple with
brasen gates not farre from which is a tower of rare and admirable artifice which on the outside bendeth downeward so exceedingly that a stranger would continually feare the fall thereof but within it standeth perpendicularly right The thing of greatest wonder and admiration in this Cittie is the Churchyard whose earth doth in foure houres consume and conuert into it selfe the deceased carkase of a man Sienna WE find recorded in auncient histories that Sienna was once one of the Romaine Colonies which since in successe of time hath beene of much greatnesse and command hauing subiected vnto her dominion many lands and territories Others write that when Bremius led his armie of Gaules called Senonenses into Italie about 382. yeares before Christes natiuitie this Citie was by them founded and so named Some other number among the new and latest erected Citties of Italie because therein appeare no markes or footsteppes of antiquitie Whensoeuer or by whomsoeuer the first foundation thereof was laide I finde for certayne that it is a most fayte and spatious Cittie well fenced and munited with Towers and Fortresses The Countrey thereabout being full of pastures and herbage exceeding all the neighboring prouinces in fruitfulnes and fertility doth cause in the Citty great plenty and aboundance of corne wine oyle sheepe and oxen and whatsoeuer else is necessarie to sustaine the life of man That an Vniuersity was herein long since erected appeareth by the autentique testimony of sondry learned Historiographers Cardinall Sarabellus a learned ciuill Lawyer affirmeth that this Academy did in the first beginning thereof suffer so many vexations and indignities that it no sooner beganne a little to flourish but it was againe depressed and extinguished which I the rather am induced to belieue when I reade of the implacable hatred and irreconciliable enmity that was betweene them and the Florentines during the furious outrages committed in Italy by the factions of the Guelphy and Gibellini They were also much vexed and molested by Spanish Garrisons maintayned in the towne which in the yeare 1552. shee violently expelled thence it enioyed afterwardes much peace and tranquility vnder the protection of the Almaine Emperours but in the yeare 1558. it was wholy rendred to the Duke of Florence vnder whose iurisdiction it now continueth Petrus Ancoranus confesseth that himself being sent for by the Counsell of Sienna in the yeare 1357. did in this Vniuersity three yeares publikely professe the ciuill law Volaterranus writeth that in the time of Pope Iohn the second a great enemy to the Bononian Academy Dinus came to Sienna where then al manner of studies exceedingly did flourish Panormitanus Paulus Gastrensis Bartholomeus Soenius Philippus Decius Hugo Senensis Augustinus Dathus and many other of great learning and singular wisedome did with their liues adorn and make famous this renowned Academy Franciscus Philelphus being at variance with Cosmio de Medices left Florence where before he had professed Rhetorike and taught at Sienna Pope Iulius the third and Marcellus the second were both schollers in this Vniuersity In this Citty was borne A Eneas Siluius who afterwarde aspiring to the Papacy was named Pius the second by whose bounty and beneuolence this Academy was with many priuiledges adorned This Vniuersity sayeth Panormitane enioyeth the priuiledges of Panonia Therin as writeth Cacciolupus is a goodly colledge called Domus Sapientiae where the studentes by daylie practise and disputations and priuate exercises are greatlie profited Modena AZo a learned professor of the ciuill law writing of the liberall sciences studied with priuiledge professed in Rome and Constantinople sayeth that it was at first onely lawfull for the ciuill law to be taught publikely in those imperiall citties notwithstanding the same was afterward by the Popes and Emperours licensed openly to bee reade and expounded in sondry other citties especially in the Vniuersities of Banonia and Modena When this Cittie was erected or by whome the Vniuersitie was priuiledged I do not remember that I haue reade in any Author THE VNIVERSITIES of France Paris PAris the Metropolis of France was founded as some say by Iulius Caesar and first called Iulia others referre the originall thereof to further antiquitie and contend that the foundation thereof was layed by one Parise descended of the line of â—aphet from whence they will haue the cittie to bee named Whomsoeuer we shal imagine to haue been the first author thereof the discussion of which matter I will leaue to more learned Antiquaries this is most certaine that shee may at this day worthilie contend for soueraignity with the proudest citie of the world Shee surmounteth far all other citties not of France onely but of Europe for huge and incomparable greatnes for concourse of Marchantes no Emporie of Christendome is more frequented for the commodiousnes of the Vniuersity no studentes in this vast and wide circuite of the world are better accommodated It was called Lutetia from the latine word Lutum which signifieth durt because that the streets in her for mer age being then not paued with stone abounded with durt and myte by reason of the innumerable multitude of people that repayred from all quarters corners of the world The riuer Sequana deuiding this cittie in the middest maketh thereof two partes or sides The first side contayneth the Vniuersity and Colledges of the studentes The other side onely beareth the name of the cittie The Emperour Charles the great to his eternal memory and euerlasting praise did first ordayne and institute this reuerend and most worthy to bee renowned mother of so many forrain Vniuersities at the earnest suite and instigation of Alcuinus whose scholler he had beene For wee reade in ancient Chronicles that when venerable Bede sent ouer into France those two learned Fryers of whome we had occasion to speake in the description of the Pauian Vniuersity Alcuinus perceyuing the prompt and ready minde the Emperour did beare vnto men skilfull in learned studies made earnest request vnto him to design in Paris some conuenient place for publike profession of the artes whereunto the Emperour condiscending immediately this new erected Academic exceedinglie beganne to flourish and is at this time the most renowned Nursery of the arts that euer was in Europe planted Since the time of that renowned Emperour it made great experience of the bounty and liberality of the kinges of France who haue beautified it from time to time with many sumptuous aedifices adorned it with many high and noble priuiledges and endued it with many rich and princelie reuenewes King Lewes the ninth imitating the fact of Iulius Caesar to the end that the number of studentes dayly might be encreased in this renowned seminarie of good letters graunted vnto them by Charles tl ese ample priuiledges We will and command that all and euery person or persons borne in whatsoeuer climate or nation of the world being or willing to be of the body and incorporation of the Parisian
in the base courtwherof are 6 schooles faire and large the first for Grammer the second for Poetrie the third for Rhetorique the fourth for Philosophie the fift for Diuinitie the sixt for cases of conscience named of schoolemen Positiua Theologia Therein also are many faire and spacious roomes purposely prouided for publike disputations This cittie containeth many goodly Monasteries especially one belonging to the Friers Bernardines of most curious and excellent Architecture Therein also is allowed one church for the Protestants because the Woywod or Count Palatine thereof the noblest of the Radziuilli professeth if any that religion An other church in like manner is granted vnto the professors of Luther anisme with a peculiar place of buriall The religion in this citie generally professed is that of the Russes who haue there many sumptuous temples They hold in all points the religion of the Grecians which because in some few articles it differeth from the Romaine faith is by the Catholiques helde as schismaticall The Iewes also are here permitted to haue their Sinagogue wherein weekely they solemnize their Sabbothes Neere vnto this cittie namely in the suburbs thereof and villages neere vnto adioyning dwel great multitudes of Tartars which vse their natiue Tartarian language and the Mahumetane religion They serue as cariers for the inhabitants Marchants of the countrey to transport wares from one cittie vnto another and from one kingdome to another In one of these Tartars sleddes which are wagons without wheeles I trauelled from Reuell in Leifland vnto this citie where hauing spent fiue weekes in my iourney I arriued about the latter end of October and stayed there vntill the Easter following The reason that I trauelled in winter was because the countrey is in the spring and summer time so full of fennes and marishes proceeding from the dissolution of the snow which all the winter long couereth the grounde that the passages through the same are then most difficile laborious but in the depth of winter the riuers the marishes as also the snow is by the cold Northerne wind so harde congealed that the cariages most heauily laden haue then their easiest passages the grounde at that season being all white with snow is not vnlike to the Ocean wherein the trauellers are constrained to vse the sunne by day and obserue the stars by night for their direction There are in Vilna two castles at the Northeast end of the towne the one old and â—uinous standing on the top of a hill the other new lying in the plaine at the foot thereof where is also the kings pallace The Lithuanians Polonians Russians and Muscouites vse all one manner of attire and armes though in language they all differ the one from the other their apparrell is like vnto the Turkes which vse altogether long robes their armes are launces and short semitares their armies consist altogether of horsemen footmen in that countrey being able to performe smal seruice They vse in their dyet immoderate gluttonie and drunkennesse though the whole countrey is voide of wine their drink is an excellent kind of meade wherewith euery priuate mans house is plenteously furnished The reason why this countrey yeeldeth such plenty therof proceedeth from the innumerable multitudes of Bees which of themselues breed in the forrests of Fyrretrees in so much that I haue seene aboue 1000. trees in one place burnt to ashes onely for the honie which they contained THE VNIVERSITIES of Bohemia and Morauia Prage PRage is a great and renowned citie lying in the middle or center of Bohemia whilome a Dukedome exalted to a kingdome by the Emperous Henry the fourth in a dyet or generall assembly of the Princes of Germany at Ments where Vladislaus was declared King This Citie containeth foure seuerall townes euery Towne hauing their peculiar market places prisons Magistrates lawes and customes The chiefe and principall is that which they call the old towne a place adorned with many ancient and goodly edifices a faire and spacious market place with a stately and sumptuous Senate house whereunto is annexed a clocke of curious and costly workemanship which Clocke hath on the top this inscription in great Romaine letters PRAGA CAPVT REGNI And vnderneath Hoc monumentum S. P. Q. Pragensis aeternitati dicauit The second part they name the new Towne which is diuided from the old with a ditch of great depth widenesse it hath also a market place of huge and incredible largenesse called the Oxe market at the west ende thereof is also a strong and well builded Senate house with a clocke curiously wrought yet not so full of cost nor cunning as the former At the West end is a monasterie of incredible antiquitie called Emaus contayning many goodly pictures most artificially limmed in this Cloister the people are by the Popes indulgence permitted to receiue the Sacrament of the Altar vnder both kindes The third part because in magnitude and spaciousnes it is inferior vnto the two former though in sumptuousnes of buildings it exceedeth both of them is called the little towne which diuideth it selfe from the old towne with a costly and magnificent bridge of free stone ouer the Multaue containing 24. arches which was erected at the cost and charges of Vladislaus before mentioned on the South side of this bridge lyeth a small Iland called by the inhabitants little Venice wherein the citizens on Sundaies holidaies for their recreation vse all manner of pastimes gaming This riuer in winter season though it bee fully as broade or broader then the Thames at London is yearely so hard frozen that carts loden do dayly passe ouer the same at which time the citizens do fill their sellers with the ice thereof which in summer time they drinke mingled with their wines This part of the towne hath also his peculiar lawes customes magistrates prisons market place and Senate house and is inuironed on all partes saue on that side which with the riuer is sufficiently defended with a wall of great circumference contayning within the same many waste grounds and vineyardes This part of the Cittie lyeth at the foote of a hill called the Rachine whereon are many faire and beautifull pallaces of sundry noble men On the top thereof standeth the castle wherein the Emperour is continually resident ouer looking with great maiestie the whole cittie lying vnderneath Vnto this Castle adioyneth the Cathedrall church consecrated to S. Vite wherein is to bee seene the shrine of the said Saint together with the tombes and sepultures of many Kinges and Emperours At the westerne end of this church is erected a little Chappell built of rich Iasper stone with most curious and costly workemanship wherein is enshrined the bodie of S. Vinceslaus before whose sepulcher diuine seruice is dayly celebrated The memory of this Saint is to this day among the Bohemians held in great regard and estimation He was sonne to Vladislaus the second Christian Duke after whose
his birth and education S. Iago GAllicia is a region lying on the northwest side of Spaine and maketh a headland or promontarie farre out into the sea commonlie called Capo de finisterre or the north Cape which seemeth in a manner violentlie to seperate the sea of Bisca from the Isles of Bayona neare to the promontary standeth the cittie of Compostella vulgarly called S. Iago more noble and famous by reason of many pilgrimages made thether by persons of great place and qualitie then for any other matter worth the obseruing therin contayned We read in ancient histories of the church that S. Iames after theascention of our Sauior trauelled into Spain preached the Gospel to the inhabitaÌ„ts therof being as yet Pagans infidels But reaping there smal fruit of his excessiue labour paines by reason of the iniquitie and naughtinesse of those times he returned againe to Hierusalem where at the commandement of Herode being slaine he obtained a glorious crowne of martirdomes Vnto this Saint the Spaniards ascribing their first conuersion caused in honor and remembrance of him a rich and sumptuous temple to be erected in Compostella where his reliques are at this day visited with a wonderfull concourse of people and worshipped with incredible deuotion This Church was by Pope Calixtus the second highly aduanced and honored in the yeare of our Lord 1122. whence it proceedeth that this Church is immediately subiect vnto the Pope and to no other prelate or gouernor The Emperour Charles the great founded herein a goodly Colledge now gruerned after the rule of S. Isidore He also caused this Church to bee accounted among the seates Apostolique where is to bee vnderstood that in Christendome are three seates called Apostolique which before all other places of the worlde the Christian religion hath alwaies held in greater esteeme that is to say S. Peters at Rome S. Iohns at Ephesus and S. Iames at Ceâ—postella This cittie of ancient historiographers was called in time passed Brigantium from whence the Irish nation the Scots in Galloway our Northerne Yorkeshire men called in old authors Brigantes glory boast that they haue receiued the first originall of their race Valladolit ON the East side of Gallicia bordereth the kingdome of Legio which endured the cruell and heauie yoke of seruitude vnder the Sarracens aboue three hundred yeares and was restored vnto libertie in the yeare of grace 1216. by the kinges of Arragon Castile Portugall and Nauarre who assembling a mightie and puissant armie made here against Hilminolmius the king of the Moores returning from Auinion in Fraunce whither hee passed before as a conquerour harrying and spoiling the countrey as hee went with fire and sword and after a sharpe and bloudy battell vanquished his armie and recouered this kingdome In this realme is Valladolit named in olde authors Pintia a cittie though of no great circuite nor spaciousnesse yet of much and long antiquitie It was wont to be numbred among the seuen most auncient vniuersities of Spaine It hath beene long drowned in obscuritie euen vntill the dayes of king Phillip late deceased who because he was there borne did restore vnto it the antique priuiledges and prerogatiues thereto belonging and did his vttermost endeuors to raise it to his former dignitie He there hath lately erected a Colledge for the institution of yong English Gentlemen which haue abandoned their countrey Alcala de Henares VNto the kingdome of Legio is adioyned Caslile an Earledome which was by Ferdinand the third sonne to the Earle of Castile raised to a kingdome in the yeare 1017. vnited to the realme of Legio Among many great and goodly cities in that kingdome Complute which of the Spaniard is commonly called Alcala de Henares is not the meanest An vniuersitie was herein erected and instituted by an Archbishop of Toledo named Franciscus Xinerieâ—sis who was by profession a Franciscan Frier in the yeare 1317. Salamanca IN this kingdome of Castile lyeth that worthy and famous cittie Salamanca situated on the banke of the Riuer Thormes which falleth into the maine Riuer Duero in Portingall Although concerning the first erection and institution of this vniuersitie few writers as saith Sarabellus affirme any thing for certainetie yet are there not wanting some which hold for vndoubted truth that it first was founded in the yeare of Christs in carnation 1404. which in these our daies hath gotten great fame and credite and is well knowne throughout Christendome by reason of diuers and sundry priuiledges wherewith many kings and high Bishoppes of Rome haue liberally adorned the same Pope Clement the sift in a councell held at Vienna made a decree that the Hebrewe Arabicke and Chaldie tongus should in this Academie be continually taught Iohn Goropius affirmeth that for magnificent and sumptuously builded colledges scarce any vniuersitie of Europe may therewith worthely be paragond The which Pope hauing in his court certaine young Gentlemen of Spaine which he desired should bee trained vp in some place where they most might profit in vertue and good literature thought no Academie in Christendome so fit for that purpose as Salamanca because all kind of learning was there by most excellent men with incredible industrie professed In this Academie Pope Adrian the sixt before his Papacie liuing in Spaine tooke great pleasure and delight and after his election he held it in great price and estimation adorning amplifying and authorizing the same with many great and vnusuall prerogatiues Ignatius Loyola first founder of the societie of Iesu was in this vniuersitie a student Saragossa IN the extreamest confines of this kingdome of Castile euen on the banke or shore of the riuer Ebro wherewith it is diuided from Nauarre and Aragon standeth an auncient Cittie called of the Romaines Caesaraugustana or Augusta Caesariae which of the inhabitants is named Saragossa wherein the kings of Arragon are vsually accustomed to be crowned This Church was by Pope Iohn the 22. who was alwaies thereunto exceedingly well affected eleuared to the dignitie of an Archbishopricke by him also were the priuiledges of the vniuersitie restored and ratified Because in this Cittie had beene shed the bloud of many holy Martirs which suffered for the constant profession of the Christian faith during the raigne of those bloudie vnmercifull and impiously tirannous idolaters Datian and Richiouarus whose inexpleble thirst was neuer satiated with the bloude of innocent Christians it is at this day commonly entituled Saragossa the holy Siguença SIguença is also a cittie of Castile lying three daies iourney from Saragossa and three leagues from Medinacoeli wherein is an vniuersitie much frequented but concerning the foundation thereof or donation of the priuiledges thereto I haue not in any author read ought which I dare set downe for certainty Lerida ARragone is that part of Spaine which lyeth at the foote of the Pyraenean mountaine betweene Nauarre and Catallonia and is separated